Y Y (?). Y, the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, at the beginning of a word or syllable, except when a prefix (see Y-), is usually a fricative vocal consonant; as a prefix, and usually in the middle or at the end of a syllable, it is a vowel. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 145, 178-9, 272. NOTE: It derives its form from the Latin Y, which is from the Greek u, i, o, and j. g; as in full, fill, AS. fyllan; E. crypt, grotto; young, juvenile; day, AS. d\'91g. See U, I, and J, G. NOTE: &hand; Y has been called the Pythagorean letter, because the Greek letter was taken represent the sacred triad, formed by the duad proceeding from the monad; and also because it represents the dividing of the paths of vice and virtue in the development of human life. Y Y (?), n.; pl. Y's ( or Ys. Something shaped like the letter Y; a forked piece resembling in form the letter Y. Specifically: (a) One of the forked holders for supporting the telescope of a leveling instrument, or the axis of a theodolite; a wye. (b) A forked or bifurcated pipe fitting. (c) (Railroads) A portion of track consisting of two diverging tracks connected by a cross track. Y level (Surv.), an instrument for measuring differences of level by means of a telescope resting in Y's. -- Y moth (Zo\'94l.), a handsome European noctuid moth Plusia gamma) which has a bright, silvery mark, shaped like the letter Y, on each of the fore wings. Its larva, which is green with five dorsal white species, feeds on the cabbage, turnip, bean, etc. Called also gamma moth, and silver Y. Y Y (?), pron. I. [Obs.] King Horn. Wyclif. Y-, OR I- Y- (?), OR I-. [OE. y-, i-, AS. ge-, akin to D. & G. ge-, OHG. gi-, ga-, Goth. ga-, and perhaps to Latin con-; originally meaning, together. Cf. Com-, Aware, Enough, Handiwork, Ywis.] A prefix of obscure meaning, originally used with verbs, adverbs, adjectives, nouns, and pronouns. In the Middle English period, it was little employed except with verbs, being chiefly used with past participles, though occasionally with the infinitive Ycleped, or yclept, is perhaps the only word not entirely obsolete which shows this use. That no wight mighte it see neither yheere. Chaucer. Neither to ben yburied nor ybrent. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; So me ex amples of Ch aucer's use of this prefix are; ibe, ibeen, icaught, ycome, ydo, idoon, ygo, iproved, ywrought. It inough, enough, it is combined with an adjective. Other examples are in the Vocabulary. Spenser and later writers frequently employed this prefix when affecting an archaic style, and sometimes used it incorrectly. Ya Ya (?), adv. Yea. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yacare Yac"a*re` (?), n. [See Jacare.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American crocodilian (Jacare sclerops) resembling the alligator in size and habits. The eye orbits are connected together, and surrounded by prominent bony ridges. Called also spectacled alligator, and spectacled cayman. [Written also jacare.] NOTE: &hand; The name is also applied to allied species. Yacca Yac"ca (?), n. (Bot.) A West Indian name for two large timber trees (Podocarpus coriaceus, and P. Purdicanus) of the Yew family. The wood, which is much used, is pale brownish with darker streaks. Yacht Yacht (?), n. [D. jagt, jacht; perhaps properly, a jagen to chase, hunt, akin to G. jagen, OHG. jag, of uncertain origin; or perhaps akin to OHG. g\'behi quick, sudden (cf. Gay).] (Naut.) A light and elegantly furnished vessel, used either for private parties of pleasure, or as a vessel of state to convey distinguished persons from one place to another; a seagoing vessel used only for pleasure trips, racing, etc. Yacht measurement. See the Note under Tonnage, 4. Yacht Yacht, v. i. To manage a yacht; to voyage in a yacht. Yachter Yacht"er (?), n. One engaged in sailing a jacht. Yachting Yacht"ing, n. Sailing for pleasure in a yacht. Yachtman Yacht"man (?), n. See Yachtsman. Yachtsman Yachts"man (?), n.; pl. Yachtsmen (. One who owns or sails a yacht; a yachter. Yaf Yaf (?), obs. imp. of Give. [AS. geaf, imp. of giefan to give. See Give] Gave. See Give. Chaucer. Yaffingale Yaf"fin*gale (?), n. [See Yaffle, and cf. Nightingale.] (Zo\'94l.) The yaffle. [Prov. Eng.] Yaffle Yaf"fle (?), n. [Probably imitative of its call or cry.] (Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker (Picus, OR Genius, viridis). It is noted for its loud laughlike note. Called also eccle, hewhole, highhoe, laughing bird, popinjay, rain bird, yaffil, yaffler, yaffingale, yappingale, yackel, and woodhack. Yager Ya"ger (?; 277), n. [G. j\'84ger a hunter, from jagen to chase, hunt.] (Mil.) In the German army, one belonging to a body of light infantry armed with rifles, resembling the chasseur of the French army. [Written also jager.] Yaguarundi Ya`gua*run"di (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Jaguarondi. [Written also yaguarondi, and yagouarondi.] Yajur-Veda Yaj"ur-Ve"da (?), n. [Skr. yajur-v.] See Veda. Yak Yak (?), n. [Thibetan gyag.] (Zo\'94l.) A bovine mammal (Po\'89phagus grunnies) native of the high plains of Central Asia. Its neck, the outer side of its legs, and its flanks, are covered with long, flowing, fine hair. Its tail is long and bushy, often white, and is valued as an ornament and for other purposes in India and China. There are several domesticated varieties, some of which lack the mane and the long hair on the flanks. Called also chauri gua, grunting cow, grunting ox, sarlac, sarlik, and sarluc. Yak lace, a coarse pillow lace made from the silky hair of the yak. Yakamilk Yak"a*milk (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Trumpeter, 3 (a). Yakare Yak"a*re` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Yacare. Yakin Ya"kin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large Asiatic antelope (Budorcas taxicolor) native of the higher parts of the Himalayas and other lofty mountains. Its head and neck resemble those of the ox, and its tail is like that of the goat. Called also budorcas. Yakoots Ya*koots" (?), n. pl.; sing. Yakoot (. (Ethnol.) A nomadic Mongolian tribe native of Northern Siberia, and supposed to be of Turkish stock. They are mainly pastoral in their habits. [Written also Yakuts.] Yaksha Yak"sha (?), n. [Skr.] (Hindoo Myth.) A kind of demigod attendant on Kuvera, the god of wealth. Yalah Ya"lah (?), n. The oil of the mahwa tree. Yam Yam (?), n. [Pg. inhame, probably from some native name.] (Bot.) A large, esculent, farinaceous tuber of various climbing plants of the genus Dioscorea; also, the plants themselves. Mostly natives of warm climates. The plants have netted-veined, petioled leaves, and pods with three broad wings. The commonest species is D. sativa, but several others are cultivated. Chinese yam, a plant (Dioscorea Batatas) with a long and slender tuber, hardier than most of the other species. -- Wild yam. (a) A common plant (Dioscorea villosa) of the Eastern United States, having a hard and knotty rootstock. (b) An orchidaceous plant (Gastrodia sesamoides) of Australia and Tasmania. Yama Ya"ma (?), n. [Skr. yama a twin.] (Hindoo Myth.) The king of the infernal regions, corresponding to the Greek Pluto, and also the judge of departed souls. In later times he is more exclusively considered the dire judge of all, and the tormentor of the wicked. He is represented as of a green color, with red garments, having a crown on his head, his eyes inflamed, and sitting on a buffalo, with a club and noose in his hands. Yamma Yam"ma (?), n. [See Llama.] (Zo\'94l.) The llama. Yamp Yamp (?), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Carum Gairdneri); also, its small fleshy roots, which are eaten by the Indians from Idaho to California. Yang Yang (?), n. [Of imitative origin.] The cry of the wild goose; a honk. Yang Yang, v. i. To make the cry of the wild goose. Yank Yank (?), n. [Cf. Scot. yank a sudden and severe blow.] A jerk or twitch. [Colloq. U. S.] Yank Yank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yanking.] To twitch; to jerk. [Colloq. U. S.] Yank Yank, n. An abbreviation of Yankee. [Slang] Yankee Yan"kee (?), n. [Commonly considered to be a corrupt pronunciation of the word English, or of the French word Anglais, by the native Indians of America. According to Thierry, a corruption of Jankin, a diminutive of John, and a nickname given to the English colonists of Connecticut by the Dutch settlers of New York. Dr. W. Gordon ("Hist. of the Amer. War," ed, 1789, vol. i., pp. 324, 325) says it was a favorite cant word in Cambridge, Mass., as early as 1713, and that it meant excellent; as, a yankee good horse, yankee good cider, etc. Cf. Scot yankie a sharp, clever, and rather bold woman, and Prov. E. bow-yankees a kind of leggins worn by agricultural laborers.] A nickname for a native of citizen of New England, especially one descended from old New England stock; by extension, an inhabitant of the Northern States as distinguished from a Southerner; also, applied sometimes by foreigners to any inhabitant of the United States. From meanness first this Portsmouth Yankey rose, And still to meanness all his conduct flows. Oppression, A poem by an American (Boston, 1765). Yankee Yan"kee, a. Of or pertaining to a Yankee; characteristic of the Yankees. The alertness of the Yankee aspect. Hawthorne. Yankee clover. (Bot.) See Japan clover, under Japan. Yankee-Doodle Yan`kee-Doo"dle (?), n. 1. The name of a tune adopted popularly as one of the national airs of the United States. 2. Humorously, a Yankee. We might have withheld our political noodles From knocking their heads against hot Yankee-Doodles. Moore. Yankeeism Yan"kee*ism (?), n. A Yankee idiom, word, custom, or the like. Lowell. Yaourt Yaourt (?), n. [Turk. yoghurt.] A fermented drink, or milk beer, made by the Turks.<-- now yoghurt--> Yap Yap (?), v. i. [Icel. gj\'belpa; akin to yelp. Cf. Yaup.] To bark; to yelp. L'Estrange. Yap Yap (?), n. A bark; a yelp. Yapock Ya"pock (?; 277), n. [Probably from the river Oyapok, between French Guiana and Brazil.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American aquatic opossum (Chironectes variegatus) found in Guiana and Brazil. Its hind feet are webbed, and its fore feet do not have an opposable thumb for climbing. Called also water opossum. [Written also yapack.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 1673 Yapon Ya"pon (?; 277), n. (Bot.) Same as Yaupon. Yarage Yar"age (?; 48), n. [See Yare, a.] (Naut.) The power of moving, or being managed, at sea; -- said with reference to a ship. Sir T. North. Yard Yard (?), n. [OE. yerd, AS. gierd, gyrd, a rod, ierde, OS. gerda, D. garde, G. gerte, OHG. gartia, gerta, gart, Icel. gaddr a goad, sting, Goth. gazds, and probably to L. hasta a spear. Cf. Gad, n., Gird, n., Gride, v. i., Hastate.] 1. A rod; a stick; a staff. [Obs.] P. Plowman. If men smote it with a yerde. Chaucer. 2. A branch; a twig. [Obs.] The bitter frosts with the sleet and rain Destroyed hath the green in every yerd. Chaucer. 3. A long piece of timber, as a rafter, etc. [Obs.] 4. A measure of length, equaling three feet, or thirty-six inches, being the standard of English and American measure. 5. The penis. 6. (Naut.) A long piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, tapering toward the ends, and designed to support and extend a square sail. A yard is usually hung by the center to the mast. See Illust. of Ship. Golden Yard, OR Yard and Ell (Astron.), a popular name the three stars in the belt of Orion. -- Under yard [i. e., under the rod], under contract. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yard Yard, n. [OE. yard, yerd, AS. geard; akin to OFries. garda garden, OS. gardo garden, gard yard, D. gaard garden, G. garten, OHG. garto garden, gari inclosure, Icel. gar yard, house, Sw. g\'86rd, Dan. g, Goth. gards a house, garda sheepfold, L. hortus garden, Gr. Court, Garden, Garth, Horticulture, Orchard.] 1. An inclosure; usually, a small inclosed place in front of, or around, a house or barn; as, a courtyard; a cowyard; a barnyard. A yard . . . inclosed all about with sticks In which she had a cock, hight chanticleer. Chaucer. 2. An inclosure within which any work or business is carried on; as, a dockyard; a shipyard. Liberty of the yard, a liberty, granted to persons imprisoned for debt, of walking in the yard, or within any other limits prescribed by law, on their giving bond not to go beyond those limits. -- Prison yard, an inclosure about a prison, or attached to it. -- Yard grass (Bot.), a low-growing grass (Eleusine Indica) having digitate spikes. It is common in dooryards, and like places, especially in the Southern United States. Called also crab grass. -- Yard of land. See Yardland. Yard Yard, v. t. To confine (cattle) to the yard; to shut up, or keep, in a yard; as, to yard cows. Yardarm Yard"arm` (?), n. (Naut.) Either half of a square-rigged vessel's yard, from the center or mast to the end. NOTE: &hand; Sh ips are said to be yardarm and yardarm when so near as to touch, or interlock yards. Yardful Yard"ful (?), n.; pl. Yardfuls (. As much as a yard will contain; enough to fill a yard. Yardland Yard"land` (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A measure of land of uncertain quantity, varying from fifteen to forty acres; a virgate. [Obs.] Yardstick Yard"stick` (?), n. A stick three feet, or a yard, in length, used as a measure of cloth, etc. Yardwand Yard"wand` (?), n. A yardstick. Tennyson. Yare Yare (?), a. [OE. yare, \'f4aru, AS. gearu; akin to OS. garu, OHG. garo, G. gar, Icel. gerr perfect, g\'94rva quite, G. gerben to tan, to curry, OHG. garawen, garwen, to make ready. Cf. Carouse, Garb clothing, Gear, n.] Ready; dexterous; eager; lively; quick to move. [Obs.] "Be yare in thy preparation." Shak. The lesser [ship] will come and go, leave or take, and is yare; whereas the greater is slow. Sir W. Raleigh. Yare Yare, adv. Soon. [Obs.] Cursor Mundi. Yarely Yare"ly, adv. In a yare manner. [Obs.] Shak. Yark Yark (?), v. t. & i. To yerk. [Prov. Eng.] Yarke Yar"ke (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Saki. Yarn Yarn (?), n. [OE. yarn, \'f4arn, AS. gearn; akin to D. garen, G., OHG., Icel., Sw., & Dan. garn; of uncertain origin. Cf. Cord.] 1. Spun wool; woolen thread; also, thread of other material, as of cotton, flax, hemp, or silk; material spun and prepared for use in weaving, knitting, manufacturing sewing thread, or the like. 2. (Rope Making) One of the threads of which the strands of a rope are composed. 3. A story told by a sailor for the amusement of his companions; a story or tale; as, to spin a yarn. [Colloq.] Yarnen Yarn"en (?), a. Made of yarn; consisting of yarn. [Obs.] "A pair of yarnen stocks." Turbervile. Yarnut Yar"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) See Yernut. Yarr Yarr (?), v. i. [OE. \'f4arren.] To growl or snarl as a dog. [Obs.] Ainsworth. Yarrish Yar"rish (?), a. [Prov. E. yar sour, yare brackish.] Having a rough, dry taste. [Prov. Eng.] Yarrow Yar"row (?), n. [OE. yarowe, yarwe, \'f4arowe, AS. gearwe; akin to D. gerw, OHG. garwa, garawa, G. garbe, schafgarbe, and perhaps to E. yare.] (Bot.) An American and European composite plant (Achillea Millefolium) with very finely dissected leaves and small white corymbed flowers. It has a strong, and somewhat aromatic, odor and taste, and is sometimes used in making beer, or is dried for smoking. Called also milfoil, and nosebleed. Yarwhip Yar"whip` (?), n. [So called from its sharp cry uttered when taking wing.] (Zo\'94l.) The European bar-tailed godwit; -- called also yardkeep, and yarwhelp. See Godwit. [Prov. Eng.] Yataghan Yat"a*ghan (?), n. [Turk. y\'bet\'begh\'ben.] A long knife, or short saber, common among Mohammedan nations, usually having a double curve, sometimes nearly straight. [Written also ataghan, attaghan.] Chaucer. Yate Yate (?), n. A gate. See 1st Gate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Spenser. Yaud Yaud (?), n. See Yawd. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Yaul Yaul (?), n. (Naut.) See Yawl. Yaulp Yaulp (?), v. i. To yaup. Yaup Yaup (?), v. i. [See Yap, and Yelp.] To cry out like a child; to yelp. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.] [Written also yawp.] Yaup Yaup, n. [Written also yawp.] 1. A cry of distress, rage, or the like, as the cry of a sickly bird, or of a child in pain. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.] 2. (Zo\'94l.) The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] Yauper Yaup"er (?), n. One who, or that which, yaups. Yaupon Yau"pon (?), n. (Bot.) A shrub (Ilex Cassine) of the Holly family, native from Virginia to Florida. The smooth elliptical leaves are used as a substitute for tea, and were formerly used in preparing the black drink of the Indians of North Carolina. Called also South-Sea tea. [Written also yapon, youpon, and yupon.] Yaw Yaw (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yawing.] [Cf. Yew, v. i.] To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, as cane juice in the clarifiers in sugar works. Yaw Yaw, v. i. & t. [Cf. Prov. G. gagen to rock, gageln to totter, shake, Norw. gaga to bend backward, Icel. gagr bent back, gaga to throw the neck back.] (Naut.) To steer wild, or out of the line of her course; to deviate from her course, as when struck by a heavy sea; -- said of a ship. Just as he would lay the ship's course, all yawing being out of the question. Lowell. Yaw Yaw, n. (Naut.) A movement of a vessel by which she temporarily alters her course; a deviation from a straight course in steering. Yawd Yawd (?), n. [Cf. Icel. jalda a mare, E. jade a nag.] A jade; an old horse or mare. [Written also yaud.] [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Grose. Yawl Yawl (?), n. [D. jol; akin to LG. & Dan. jolle, Sw. julle. Cf. Jolly-boat.] (Naut.) A small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or six oars. [Written also yaul.] Yawl Yawl, v. i. [OE. \'f4aulen, \'f4oulen, gaulen, goulen, Icel. gaula to low, bellow. Cf. Gowl.] To cry out like a dog or cat; to howl; to yell. Tennyson. There howling Scyllas yawling round about. Fairfax. Yawl-rigged Yawl"-rigged" (?), a. (Naut.) Having two masts with fore-and-aft sails, but differing from a schooner in that the after mast is very small, and stepped as far aft as possible. See Illustration in Appendix. Yawn Yawn (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yawning.] [OE. yanien, \'f4anien, ganien, gonien, AS. g\'benian; akin to ginian to yawn, g\'c6nan to yawn, open wide, G. g\'84hnen to yawn, OHG. gin&emac;n, gein&omac;n, Icel. g\'c6na to yawn, gin the mouth, OSlav. zijati to yawn, L. hiare to gape, yawn; and perhaps to E. begin, cf. Gr. b. Cf. Begin, Gin to begin, Hiatus.] 1. To open the mouth involuntarily through drowsiness, dullness, or fatigue; to gape; to oscitate. "The lazy, yawning drone." Shak. And while above he spends his breath, The yawning audience nod beneath. Trumbull. 2. To open wide; to gape, as if to allow the entrance or exit of anything. 't is now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn. Shak. 3. To open the mouth, or to gape, through surprise or bewilderment. Shak. 4. To be eager; to desire to swallow anything; to express desire by yawning; as, to yawn for fat livings. "One long, yawning gaze." Landor. Yawn Yawn, n. 1. An involuntary act, excited by drowsiness, etc., consisting of a deep and long inspiration following several successive attempts at inspiration, the mouth, fauces, etc., being wide open. One person yawning in company will produce a spontaneous yawn in all present. N. Chipman. 2. The act of opening wide, or of gaping. Addison. 3. A chasm, mouth, or passageway. [R.] Now gape the graves, and trough their yawns let loose Imprisoned spirits. Marston. Yawningly Yawn"ing*ly, adv. In a yawning manner. Yawp Yawp (?), v. & n. See Yaup. Yaws Yaws (?), n. [African yaw a raspberry.] (Med.) A disease, occurring in the Antilles and in Africa, characterized by yellowish or reddish tumors, of a contagious character, which, in shape and appearance, often resemble currants, strawberries, or raspberries. There are several varieties of this disease, variously known as framb\'d2sia, pian, verrugas, and crab-yaws. Yaw-weed Yaw"-weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A low, shrubby, rubiaceous plant (Morinda Royoc) growing along the seacoast of the West Indies. It has small, white, odorous flowers. Ybe Y*be" (?), obs. p. p. of Be. Been. Chaucer. Ycleped Y*cleped" (?), p. p. [AS. geclipod, p. p. of clipian, cleopian, cliopian, to call. See Clepe, and also the Note under Y-.] Called; named; -- obsolete, except in archaic or humorous writings. [Spelt also yclept.] It is full fair to ben yclept madame. Chaucer. But come, thou goddess fair and free. In heaven ycleped Euphrosyne. Milton. Those charming little missives ycleped valentines. Lamb. Ydo Y*do" (?), obs. p. p. of Do. Done. Chaucer. Ydrad Y*drad" (?), obs. p. p. of Dread. Dreaded. Yet nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad. Spenser. Ye, Ye Ye, Ye (?), an old method of printing the article the (AS. þe), the "y" being used in place of the Anglo-Saxon thorn (þ). It is sometimes incorrectly pronounced y\'c7. See The, and Thorn, n., 4. Y\'89 Y"\'89 (&emac;"e), n.; pl. Y\'89n (. An eye. [Obs.] From his y\'89n ran the water down. Chaucer. Ye Ye (y&emac;), pron. [OE. ye, \'f4e, nom. pl., AS. ge, g&imac;; cf. OS. ge, g\'c6, OFries. g\'c6, \'c6, D. gij, Dan. & Sw. i, Icel. &emac;r, OHG. ir, G. ihr, Goth. jus, Lith. jus, Gr. yuyam. The plural of the pronoun of the second person in the nominative case. Ye ben to me right welcome heartily. Chaucer. But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified. 1 Cor. vi. 11. This would cost you your life in case ye were a man. Udall. NOTE: &hand; In Ol d English ye was used only as a nominative, and you only as a dative or objective. In the 16th century, however, ye and you became confused and were often used interchangeably, both as nominatives and objectives, and you has now superseded ye except in solemn or poetic use. See You, and also the first Note under Thou. Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye. Shak. I come, kind gentlemen, strange news to tell ye. Dryden. Ye Ye (?), adv. [See Yea.] Yea; yes. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yea Yea (y&amac; OR y&emac;; 277), adv. [OE. ye, ya, \'f4e, \'f4a, AS. ge\'a0; akin to OFries. g, i, OS., D., OHG., G., Dan. & Sw. ja, Icel, j\'be, Goth. ja, jai, and probably to Gr. Yes.] 1. Yes; ay; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative, or an affirmative answer to a question, now superseded by yes. See Yes. Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay. Matt. v. 37. 2. More than this; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition of a more specific or more emphatic clause. Cf. Nay, adv., 2. I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice. Phil. i. 18. NOTE: &hand; Ye a so metimes introduces a clause, with the sense of indeed, verily, truly. "Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?" Gen. iii. 1. Yea Yea, n. An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, a vote by yeas and nays. NOTE: &hand; In the Scriptures, yea is used as a sign of certainty or stability. "All the promises of God in him are yea, and in him Amen." 2 Cor. i. 20. Yead Yead (?), v. i. Properly, a variant of the defective imperfect yode, but sometimes mistaken for a present. See the Note under Yede. [Obs.] Years yead away and faces fair deflower. Drant. Yean Yean (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Yeaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yeaning.] [AS. e\'a0nian, or gee\'a0nian; perhaps akin to E. ewe, or perhaps to L. agnus, Gr. Ean.] To bring forth young, as a goat or a sheep; to ean. Shak. Yeanling Yean"ling (?), n. [Yean + -ling. Cf. Eanling.] A lamb or a kid; an eanling. Shak. Year Year (?), n. [OE. yer, yeer, \'f4er, AS. ge\'a0r; akin to OFries. i, g, D. jaar, OHG. j\'ber, G. jahr, Icel. \'ber, Dan. aar, Sw. \'86r, Goth. j, Gr. y\'bere year. &root;4, 279. Cf. Hour, Yore.] 1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year; also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this, adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354 days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360 days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days, and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of 366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on account of the excess above 365 days (see Bissextile). Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Th e ci vil, or le gal, ye ar, in En gland, formerly commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued throughout the British dominions till the year 1752. 2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn. 3. pl. Age, or old age; as, a man in years. Shak. Anomalistic year, the time of the earth's revolution from perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365 days, 6 hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds. -- A year's mind (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. A month's mind, under Month. -- Bissextile year. See Bissextile. -- Canicular year. See under Canicular. -- Civil year, the year adopted by any nation for the computation of time. -- Common lunar year, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354 days. -- Common year, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from leap year. -- Embolismic year, OR Intercalary lunar year, the period of 13 lunar months, or 384 days. -- Fiscal year (Com.), the year by which accounts are reckoned, or the year between one annual time of settlement, or balancing of accounts, and another. -- Great year. See Platonic year, under Platonic. -- Gregorian year, Julian year. See under Gregorian, and Julian. -- Leap year. See Leap year, in the Vocabulary. -- Lunar astronomical year, the period of 12 lunar synodical months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds. -- Lunisolar year. See under Lunisolar. -- Periodical year. See Anomalistic year, above. -- Platonic year, Sabbatical year. See under Platonic, and Sabbatical. -- Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3 seconds. -- Tropical year. See under Tropical. -- Year and a day (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an act or an event, in order that an entire year might be secured beyond all question. Abbott. -- Year of grace, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini; A. D. or a. d. Yeara Ye*a"ra (?), n. (Bot.) The California poison oak (Rhus diversiloba). See under Poison, a. Yearbook Year"book` (?), n. 1. A book published yearly; any annual report or summary of the statistics or facts of a year, designed to be used as a reference book; as, the Congregational Yearbook. 2. (Eng. Law) A book containing annual reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1674 NOTE: &hand; Th e Ye arbooks are the oldest English reports extant, beginning with the reign of Edward II., and ending with the reign of Henry VIII. They were published annually, and derive their name from that fact. They consist of eleven parts, or volumes, are written in Law French, and extend over nearly two hundred years. There are, however, several hiatuses, or chasms, in the series. Kent. Bouvier. Yeared Yeared (?), a. Containing years; having existed or continued many years; aged. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Yearling Year"ling (?), n. [Year + -ling.] An animal one year old, or in the second year of its age; -- applied chiefly to cattle, sheep, and horses. Yearling Year"ling, a. Being a year old. "A yearling bullock to thy name small smoke." Pope. Yearly Year"ly (?), a. [AS. ge\'a0rlic.] 1. Happening, accruing, or coming every year; annual; as, a yearly income; a yearly feast. 2. Lasting a year; as, a yearly plant. 3. Accomplished in a year; as, the yearly circuit, or revolution, of the earth. Shak. Yearly Year"ly, adv. [AS. ge\'a0rlice.] Annually; once a year to year; as, blessings yearly bestowed. Yearly will I do this rite. Shak. Yearn Yearn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yearned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yearning.] [Also earn, ern; probably a corruption of OE. ermen to grieve, AS. ierman, yrman, or geierman, geyrman, fr. earm wretched, poor; akin to D. & G. arm, Icel. armr, Goth. arms. The y- in English is perhaps due to the AS. ge (see Y-).] To pain; to grieve; to vex. [Obs.] "She laments, sir, for it, that it would yearn your heart to see it." Shak. It yearns me not if men my garments wear. Shak. Yearn Yearn, v. i. To be pained or distressed; to grieve; to mourn. [Obs.] "Falstaff he is dead, and we must yearn therefore." Shak. Yearn Yearn, v. i. & t. [See Yearnings.] To curdle, as milk. [Scot.] Yearn Yearn, v. i. [OE. yernen, , , AS. geornian, gyrnan, fr. georn desirous, eager; akin to OS. gern desirous, girnean, gernean, to desire, D. gaarne gladly, willingly, G. gern, OHG. gerno, adv., gern, a., G. gier greed, OHG. gir\'c6 greed, ger desirous, ger to desire, G. begehren, Icel. girna to desire, gjarn eager, Goth. fa\'a1huga\'a1rns covetous, ga\'a1rnjan to desire, and perhaps to Gr. hary to desire, to like. To be filled with longing desire; to be harassed or rendered uneasy with longing, or feeling the want of a thing; to strain with emotions of affection or tenderness; to long; to be eager. Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother; and he sought where to weep. Gen. xliii. 30. Your mother's heart yearns towards you. Addison. Yearnful Yearn"ful (?), a. [OE. , AS. geornfull.] Desirous. [Obs.] Ormulum. P. Fletcher. Yearningly Yearn"ing*ly, adv. With yearning. Yearnings Yearn"ings (?), n. pl. [Cf. AS. geirnan, geyrnan, to rum. See 4th Earn.] The maws, or stomachs, of young calves, used a rennet for curdling milk. [Scot.] Yearth Yearth (?), n. The earth. [Obs.] "Is my son dead or hurt or on the yerthe felled?" Ld. Berners. Yeast Yeast (?), n. [OE. \'f4eest, \'f4est, AS. gist; akin to D. gest, gist, G. gischt, g\'84scht, OHG. jesan, jerian, to ferment, G. gischen, g\'84schen, g\'84hren, Gr. zei^n to boil, Skr. yas. &root;111.] 1. The foam, or troth (top yeast), or the sediment (bottom yeast), of beer or other in fermentation, which contains the yeast plant or its spores, and under certain conditions produces fermentation in saccharine or farinaceous substances; a preparation used for raising dough for bread or cakes, and making it light and puffy; barm; ferment. 2. Spume, or foam, of water. They melt thy yeast of waves, which mar Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar. Byron. <-- 3. A form of fungus which grows as indvidual rounded cells, rather than in a mycelium, and reproduces by budding; esp. members of the orders Endomycetales and Moniliales. Some fungi may grow both as a yeast or as a mycelium, depending on the conditions of growth. --> Yeast cake, a mealy cake impregnated with the live germs of the yeast plant, and used as a conveniently transportable substitute for yeast. -- Yeast plant (Bot.), the vegetable organism, or fungus, of which beer yeast consists. The yeast plant is composed of simple cells, or granules, about one three-thousandth of an inch in diameter, often united into filaments which reproduce by budding, and under certain circumstances by the formation of spores. The name is extended to other ferments of the same genus. See Saccharomyces. -- Yeast powder, a baling powder, -- used instead of yeast in leavening bread. Yeast-bitten Yeast"-bit`ten (?), a. (Brewing) A term used of beer when the froth of the yeast has re\'89ntered the body of the beer. Yeastiness Yeast"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being yeasty, or frothy. Yeasty Yeast"y (?), a. Frothy; foamy; spumy, like yeast. Yedding Yed"ding (?), n. [AS. geddung, gidding, giedding, from gieddian, giddian, to sing, speak.] The song of a minstrel; hence, any song. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yede Yede (?), obs. imp. Went. See Yode. All as he bade fulfilled was indeed This ilke servant anon right out yede. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Sp enser an d so me la ter wr iters mistook this for a present of the defective imperfect yode. It is, however, only a variant of yode. See Yode, and cf. Yead. [He] on foot was forced for to yeed. Spenser Yeel Yeel (?), n. An eel. [Obs.] Holland. Yeldhall Yeld"hall` (?), n. Guildhall. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yeldrin OR Yeldrine Yel"drin (?) OR Yel"drine, n. [Cf. Yellow.] (Zo\'94l.) The yellow-hammer; -- called also yeldrock, and yoldrin. [Prov. Eng.] Yelk Yelk (?), n. Same as Yolk. Yell Yell (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yelling.] [OE. yellen, , AS. giellan, gillan, gyllan; akin to D. gillen, OHG. gellan, G. gellen, Icel. gjalla, Sw. g\'84lla to ring, resound, and to AS., OS., & OHG. galan to sing, Icel. gala. Cf. 1st Gale, and Nightingale.] To cry out, or shriek, with a hideous noise; to cry or scream as with agony or horror. They yelleden as feendes doon in helle. Chaucer. Nor the night raven, that still deadly yells. Spenser. Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round Environed thee; some howled, some yelled. Milton. Yell Yell (?), v. t. To utter or declare with a yell; to proclaim in a loud tone. Shak. Yell Yell, n. A sharp, loud, hideous outcry. Their hideous yells Rend the dark welkin. J. Philips. Yellow Yel"low (?), a. [Compar. Yellower (?); superl. Yellowest.] [OE. yelow, yelwe, \'f4elow, \'f4eoluw, from AS. geolu; akin to D. geel, OS. & OHG. gelo, G. gelb, Icel. gulr, Sw. gul, Dan. guul, L. helvus light bay, Gr. hari tawny, yellowish. Chlorine, Gall a bitter liquid, Gold, Yolk.] Being of a bright saffronlike color; of the color of gold or brass; having the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is between the orange and the green. Her yellow hair was browded [braided] in a tress. Chaucer. A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought First fruits, the green ear and the yellow sheaf. Milton. The line of yellow light dies fast away. Keble. Yellow atrophy (Med.), a fatal affection of the liver, in which it undergoes fatty degeneration, and becomes rapidly smaller and of a deep yellow tinge. The marked symptoms are black vomit, delirium, convulsions, coma, and jaundice. -- Yellow bark, calisaya bark. -- Yellow bass (Zo\'94l.), a North American fresh-water bass (Morone interrupta) native of the lower parts of the Mississippi and its tributaries. It is yellow, with several more or less broken black stripes or bars. Called also barfish. -- Yellow berry. (Bot.) Same as Persian berry, under Persian. -- Yellow boy, a gold coin, as a guinea. [Slang] Arbuthnot. -- Yellow brier. (Bot.) See under Brier. -- Yellow bugle (Bot.), a European labiate plant (Ajuga Cham\'91pitys). -- Yellow bunting (Zo\'94l.), the European yellow-hammer. -- Yellow cat (Zo\'94l.), a yellow catfish; especially, the bashaw. -- Yellow copperas (Min.), a hydrous sulphate of iron; -- called also copiapite. -- Yellow copper ore, a sulphide of copper and iron; copper pyrites. See Chalcopyrite. -- Yellow cress (Bot.), a yellow-flowered, cruciferous plant (Barbarea pr\'91cox), sometimes grown as a salad plant. -- Yellow dock. (Bot.) See the Note under Dock. -- Yellow earth, a yellowish clay, colored by iron, sometimes used as a yellow pigment. -- Yellow fever (Med.), a malignant, contagious, febrile disease of warm climates, attended with jaundice, producing a yellow color of the skin, and with the black vomit. See Black vomit, in the Vocabulary. -- Yellow flag, the quarantine flag. See under Quarantine, and 3d Flag. -- Yellow jack. (a) The yellow fever. See under 2d Jack. (b) The quarantine flag. See under Quarantine. -- Yellow jacket (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of American social wasps of the genus Vespa, in which the color of the body is partly bright yellow. These wasps are noted for their irritability, and for their painful stings. -- Yellow lead ore (Min.), wulfenite. -- Yellow lemur (Zo\'94l.), the kinkajou. -- Yellow macauco (Zo\'94l.), the kinkajou. -- Yellow mackerel (Zo\'94l.), the jurel. -- Yellow metal. Same as Muntz metal, under Metal. -- Yellow ocher (Min.), an impure, earthy variety of brown iron ore, which is used as a pigment. -- Yellow oxeye (Bot.), a yellow-flowered plant (Chrysanthemum segetum) closely related to the oxeye daisy. -- Yellow perch (Zo\'94l.), the common American perch. See Perch. -- Yellow pike (Zo\'94l.), the wall-eye. -- Yellow pine (Bot.), any of several kinds of pine; also, their yellowish and generally durable timber. Among the most common are valuable species are Pinus mitis and P. palustris of the Eastern and Southern States, and P. ponderosa and P. Arizonica of the Rocky Mountains and Pacific States. -- Yellow plover (Zo\'94l.), the golden plover. -- Yellow precipitate (Med. Chem.), an oxide of mercury which is thrown down as an amorphous yellow powder on adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. -- Yellow puccoon. (Bot.) Same as Orangeroot. -- Yellow rail (Zo\'94l.), a small American rail (Porzana Noveboracensis) in which the lower parts are dull yellow, darkest on the breast. The back is streaked with brownish yellow and with black, and spotted with white. Called also yellow crake. -- Yellow rattle, Yellow rocket. (Bot.) See under Rattle, and Rocket. -- Yellow Sally (Zo\'94l.), a greenish or yellowish European stone fly of the genus Chloroperla; -- so called by anglers. -- Yellow sculpin (Zo\'94l.), the dragonet. -- Yellow snake (Zo\'94l.), a West Indian boa (Chilobothrus inornatus) common in Jamaica. It becomes from eight to ten long. The body is yellowish or yellowish green, mixed with black, and anteriorly with black lines. -- Yellow spot. (a) (Anat.) A small yellowish spot with a central pit, the fovea centralis, in the center of the retina where vision is most accurate. See Eye. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small American butterfly (Polites Peckius) of the Skipper family. Its wings are brownish, with a large, irregular, bright yellow spot on each of the hind wings, most conspicuous beneath. Called also Peck's skipper. See Illust. under Skipper, n., 5. -- Yellow tit (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of crested titmice of the genus Machlolophus, native of India. The predominating colors of the plumage are yellow and green. -- Yellow viper (Zo\'94l.), the fer-de-lance. -- Yellow warbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of American warblers of the genus Dendroica in which the predominant color is yellow, especially D. \'91stiva, which is a very abundant and familiar species; -- called also garden warbler, golden warbler, summer yellowbird, summer warbler, and yellow-poll warbler. -- Yellow wash (Pharm.), yellow oxide of mercury suspended in water, -- a mixture prepared by adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. -- Yellow wren (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European willow warbler. (b) The European wood warbler. Yellow Yel"low, n. 1. A bright golden color, reflecting more light than any other except white; the color of that part of the spectrum which is between the orange and green. "A long motley coat guarded with yellow." Shak. 2. A yellow pigment. Cadmium yellow, Chrome yellow, Indigo yellow, King's yellow, etc. See under Cadmium, Chrome, etc. -- Naples yellow, a yellow amorphous pigment, used in oil, porcelain, and enamel painting, consisting of a basic lead metantimonate, obtained by fusing together tartar emetic lead nitrate, and common salt. -- Patent yellow (Old Chem.), a yellow pigment consisting essentially of a lead oxychloride; -- called also Turner's yellow. Yellow Yel"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yellowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yellowing.] To make yellow; to cause to have a yellow tinge or color; to dye yellow. Yellow Yel"low, v. i. To become yellow or yellower. Yellowammer Yel"low*am`mer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Yellow-hammer. Yellowbill Yel"low*bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American scoter. Yellowbird Yel"low*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The American goldfinch, or thistle bird. See Goldfinch. (b) The common yellow warbler; -- called also summer yellowbird. See Illust. of Yellow warbler, under Yellow, a. Yellow-covered Yel"low-cov`ered (?), a. Covered or bound in yellow paper. Yellow-covered literature, cheap sensational novels and trashy magazines; -- formerly so called from the usual color of their covers. [Colloq. U. S.] Bartlett. Yellow-eyed Yel"low-eyed` (?), a. Having yellow eyes. Yellow-eyed grass (Bot.), any plant of the genus Xyris. Yellowfin Yel"low*fin` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large squeteague. Yellowfish Yel"low*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A rock trout (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) found on the coast of Alaska; -- called also striped fish, and Atka mackerel. Yellow-golds Yel"low-golds` (?), n. (Bot.) A certain plant, probably the yellow oxeye. B. Jonson. Yellowhammer Yel"low*ham`mer (?), n. [For yellow-ammer, where ammer is fr. AS. amore a kind of bird; akin to G. ammer a yellow-hammer, OHG. amero.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common European finch (Emberiza citrinella). The color of the male is bright yellow on the breast, neck, and sides of the head, with the back yellow and brown, and the top of the head and the tail quills blackish. Called also yellow bunting, scribbling lark, and writing lark. [Written also yellow-ammer.] (b) The flicker. [Local, U. S.] Yellowing Yel"low*ing, n. The act or process of making yellow. Softened . . . by the yellowing which time has given. G. Eliot. Yellowish Yel"low*ish, a. Somewhat yellow; as, amber is of a yellowish color. -- Yel"low*ish*ness, n. Yellowlegs Yel"low*legs` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of long-legged sandpipers of the genus Totanus, in which the legs are bright yellow; -- called also stone snipe, tattler, telltale, yellowshanks; and yellowshins. See Tattler, 2. Yellowness Yel"low*ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being yellow; as, the yellowness of an orange. 2. Jealousy. [Obs.] I will possess him with yellowness. Shak. Yellowroot Yel"low*root` (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of several plants with yellow roots. Specifically: (a) See Xanthorhiza. (b) Same as Orangeroot. Yellows Yel"lows (?), n. 1. (Far.) A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and sheep, causing yellowness of the eyes; jaundice. His horse . . . sped with spavins, rayed with the yellows. Shak. 2. (Bot.) A disease of plants, esp. of peach trees, in which the leaves turn to a yellowish color; jeterus. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A group of butterflies in which the predominating color is yellow. It includes the common small yellow butterflies. Called also redhorns, and sulphurs. See Sulphur. Yellowseed Yel"low*seed` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of pepper grass (Lepidium campestre). Yellowshanks, Yellowshins Yel"low*shanks` (?), Yel"low*shins` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Yellolegs. Yellowtail Yel"low*tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of marine carangoid fishes of the genus Seriola; especially, the large California species (S. dorsalis) which sometimes weighs thirty or forty pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish; -- called also cavasina, and white salmon. (b) The mademoiselle, or silver perch. (c) The menhaden. (d) The runner, 12. (e) A California rockfish (Sebastodes flavidus). (f) The sailor's choice (Diplodus rhomboides). NOTE: &hand; Se veral ot her fi shes ar e al so lo cally ca lled yellowtail. Yellowthroat Yel"low*throat` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of American ground warblers of the genus Geothlypis, esp. the Maryland yellowthroat (G. trichas), which is a very common species. Yellowtop Yel"low*top` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of grass, perhaps a species of Agrostis. Yellowwood Yel"low*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The wood of any one of several different kinds of trees; also, any one of the trees themselves. Among the trees so called are the Cladrastis tinctoria, an American leguminous tree; the several species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum); the Australian Flindersia Oxleyana, a tree related to the mahogany; certain South African species of Podocarpus, trees related to the yew; the East Indian Podocarpus latifolia; and the true satinwood (Chloroxylon Swietenia). All these Old World trees furnish valuable timber. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1675 Yellowwort Yel"low*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European yellow-flowered, gentianaceous (Chlora perfoliata). The whole plant is intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic, and also in dyeing yellow. Yelp Yelp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yelped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yelping.] [OE. yelpen, , to boast, boast noisily, AS. gielpan, gilpan, gylpan; akin to OHG. gelph arrogant: cf. Icel. gj\'belpa to yelp. Cf. Yap.] 1. To boast. [Obs.] I keep [care] not of armes for to yelpe. Chaucer. 2. To utter a sharp, quick cry, as a hound; to bark shrilly with eagerness, pain, or fear; to yaup. A little herd of England's timorous deer, Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs? Shak. At the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the door with a yelping precipitation. W. Irving. Yelp Yelp, n. A sharp, quick cry; a bark. Chaucer. Yelper Yelp"er (?), n. An animal that yelps, or makes a yelping noise. Specifically: (Zo\'94l.) (a) The avocet; -- so called from its sharp, shrill cry. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The tattler. [Local, U. S.] Yeman Ye"man (?), n. A yeoman. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yen Yen (?), n. The unit of value and account in Japan. Since Japan's adoption of the gold standard, in 1897, the value of the yen has been about 50 cents. The yen is equal to 100 sen. Yend Yend (?), v. t. To throw; to cast. [Prov. Eng.] Yenite Ye"nite (?), n. [After Jena, in Germany.] (Min.) A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals; -- also called ilvaite. [Spelt also jenite.] Yeoman Yeo"man (?), n.; pl. Yeomen (#). [OE. yoman, \'f4eman, \'f4oman; of uncertain origin; perhaps the first, syllable is akin to OFries. g\'be district, region, G. gau, OHG. gewi, gouwi, Goth. gawi. &root;100.] 1. A common man, or one of the commonly of the first or most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born. NOTE: &hand; A yeoman in England is considered as next in order to the gentry. The word is little used in the United States, unless as a title in law proceedings and instruments, designating occupation, and this only in particular States. 2. A servant; a retainer. [Obs.] A yeman hadde he and servants no mo. Chaucer. 3. A yeoman of the guard; also, a member of the yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.] 4. (Naut.) An interior officer under the boatswain, gunner, or carpenters, charged with the stowage, account, and distribution of the stores. Yeoman of the guard, one of the bodyguard of the English sovereign, consisting of the hundred yeomen, armed with partisans, and habited in the costume of the sixteenth century. They are members of the royal household. Yeomanlike Yeo"man*like` (?), a. Resembling, or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanly. Yeomanly Yeo"man*ly, a. Pertaining to a yeoman; becoming or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanlike. B. Jonson. Well could he dress his tackle yeomanly. Chaucer. Yeomanry Yeo"man*ry (?), n. 1. The position or rank of a yeoman. [Obs.] "His estate of yeomanry." Chaucer. 2. The collective body of yeomen, or freeholders. The enfranchised yeomanry began to feel an instinct for dominion. Bancroft. 3. The yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.] Yeomanry cavalry, certain bodies of volunteer cavalry liable to service in Great Britain only. [Eng.] Yeorling Yeor"ling (?), n. [Cf. Yellow.] (Zo\'94l.) The European yellow-hammer. Yer Yer (?), prep. Ere; before. [Obs.] Sylvester. Yerba Yer"ba (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) An herb; a plant. NOTE: &hand; Th is word is much used in compound names of plants in Spanish; as, yerba buena [Sp., a good herb], a name applied in Spain to several kinds of mint (Mentha sativa, viridis, etc.), but in California universally applied to a common, sweet-scented labiate plant (Micromeria Douglasii). Yerba dol osa. [Sp., herb of the she-bear.] A kind of buckthorn (Rhamnus Californica). -- Yerba mansa. [Sp., a mild herb, soft herb.] A plant (Anemopsis Californica) with a pungent, aromatic rootstock, used medicinally by the Mexicans and the Indians. -- Yerba reuma. [Cf. Sp. reuma rheum, rheumatism.] A low California undershrub (Frankenia grandifolia). Yerd Yerd (?), n. See 1st & 2d Yard. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yerk Yerk (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yerked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yerking.] [See Yerk.] 1. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart movement; to kick or strike suddenly; to jerk. Their wounded steeds . . . Yerk out their armed heels at their dead masters. Shak. 2. To strike or lash with a whip. [Obs. or Scot.] Yerk Yerk, v. i. 1. To throw out the heels; to kick; to jerk. They flirt, they yerk, they backward . . . fling. Drayton. 2. To move a quick, jerking motion. Yerk Yerk, n. A sudden or quick thrust or motion; a jerk. Yern Yern (?), v. i. See 3d Yearn. [Obs.] Yern Yern, a. [OE. \'f4ern, \'f4eorne, AS. georn desirous, eager. See Yearn to long.] Eager; brisk; quick; active. [Obs.] "Her song . . . loud and yern." Chaucer. Yerne Yerne (?), adv. [OE. \'f4eorne. See Yern, a.] Eagerly; briskly; quickly. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. My hands and my tongue go so yerne. Chaucer. Yernut Yer"nut` (?), n. [Cf. Dan. jordn\'94d, Sw. jordn\'94t, earthnut. Cf. Jarnut.] An earthnut, or groundnut. See Groundnut (d). [Written also yarnut.] Yerst Yerst (?), adv. See Erst. [Obs.] Sylvester. Yes Yes (?), adv. [OE. yis, \'f4is, \'f4es, \'f4ise, AS. gese, gise; probably fr. ge\'a0 yea + sw\'be so. &root;188. See Yea, and So.] Ay; yea; -- a word which expresses affirmation or consent; -- opposed to no. NOTE: &hand; Ye s is us ed, like yea, to enforce, by repetition or addition, something which precedes; as, you have done all this -- yes, you have done more. "Yes, you despise the man books confined." Pope. NOTE: &hand; "T he fi ne distinction between \'bfyea' and \'bfyes,' \'bfnay' and \'bfno,' that once existed in English, has quite disappeared. \'bfYea' and \'bfnay' in Wyclif's time, and a good deal later, were the answers to questions framed in the affirmative. \'bfWill he come?' To this it would have been replied, \'bfYea' or \'bfNay', as the case might be. But, \'bfWill he not come?' To this the answer would have been \'bfYes' or \'bfNo.' Sir Thomas More finds fault with Tyndale, that in his translation of the Bible he had not observed this distinction, which was evidently therefore going out even then, that is, in the reign of Henry VIII.; and shortly after it was quite forgotten." Trench. Yest Yest (?), n. See Yeast. Shak. Yester Yes"ter (?), a. [See Yesterday.] Last; last past; next before; of or pertaining to yesterday. [An enemy] whom yester sun beheld Mustering her charms. Dryden. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is no w se ldom us ed ex cept in a fe w compounds; as, yesterday, yesternight, etc. Yesterday Yes"ter*day (?), n. [OE. \'f4isterdai, AS. geostran d\'91g, from geostran, geostra, giestran, gistran, gystran, yesterday (akin to D. gisteren, G. gestern, OHG. gestaron, Icel. g\'91r yesterday, to-morrow, Goth. gistradagis to-morrow, L. heri yesterday, Gr. hyas) + d\'91g day. Cf. Hestern. 1. The day last past; the day next before the present. All our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Shak. We are but of yesterday, and know nothing. Job viii. 9. 2. Fig.: A recent time; time not long past. The proudest royal houses are but of yesterday, when compared with the line of supreme pontiffs. Macaulay. Yesterday Yes"ter*day, adv. On the day last past; on the day preceding to-day; as, the affair took place yesterday. Yestereve, Yester-evening Yes"ter*eve` (?), Yes"ter-e`ven*ing (?), n. The evening of yesterday; the evening last past. Yestermorn, Yester-morning Yes"ter*morn` (?), Yes"ter-morn`ing, n. The morning of yesterday. Coleridge. Yestern Yes"tern (?), a. [See Yester.] Of or pertaining to yesterday; relating to the day last past. Yesternight Yes"ter*night` (?), n. The last night; the night last past. Yesternight Yes"ter*night`, adv. [AS. gystran niht. See Yesterday.] On the last night. B. Jonson. Yesternoon Yes"ter*noon` (?), n. The noon of yesterday; the noon last past. Yesterweek Yes"ter*week` (?), n. The week last past; last week. Yesteryear Yes"ter*year` (?), n. The year last past; last year. <-- now also used to mean in olden days, not just last year. --> Yestreen Yes`treen" (?), n. Yester-evening; yesternight; last night. [R. or Scot.] Yestreen I did not know How largely I could live. Bp. Coxe. Yesty Yest"y (?), a. See Yeasty. Shak. Yet Yet (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large marine gastropods belonging to the genus Yetus, or Cymba; a boat shell. Yet Yet, adv. [OE. yet, \'f4et, \'f4it, AS. git, gyt, giet, gieta; akin to OFries. ieta, eta, ita, MHG. iezuo, ieze, now, G. jetzo, jetzt.] 1. In addition; further; besides; over and above; still. "A little longer; yet a little longer." Dryden. This furnishes us with yet one more reason why our savior, lays such a particular stress acts of mercy. Atterbury. The rapine is made yet blacker by the pretense of piety and justice. L'Estrange. 2. At the same time; by continuance from a former state; still. Facts they had heard while they were yet heathens. Addison. 3. Up to the present time; thus far; hitherto; until now; -- and with the negative, not yet, not up to the present time; not as soon as now; as, Is it time to go? Not yet. See As yet, under As, conj. Ne never yet no villainy ne said. Chaucer. 4. Before some future time; before the end; eventually; in time. "He 'll be hanged yet." Shak. 5. Even; -- used emphatically. Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, nor yet the evidence against them. Bacon. Yet Yet (?), conj. Nevertheless; notwithstanding; however. Yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. Matt. vi. 29. Syn. -- See However. Yeve Yeve (?), v. i. To give. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yeven Yev"en (?), p. p. Given. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yew Yew (?), v. i. See Yaw. Yew Yew, n. [OE. ew, AS. e\'a2w, \'c6w, eoh; akin to D. ijf, OHG. \'c6wa, \'c6ha, G. eibe, Icel. ; cf. Ir. iubhar, Gael. iubhar, iughar, W. yw, ywen, Lith. j\'89va the black alder tree.] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen tree (Taxus baccata) of Europe, allied to the pines, but having a peculiar berrylike fruit instead of a cone. It frequently grows in British churchyards. 2. The wood of the yew. It is light red in color, compact, fine-grained, and very elastic. It is preferred to all other kinds of wood for bows and whipstocks, the best for these purposes coming from Spain. NOTE: &hand; The American yew (Taxus baccata, var. Canadensis) is a low and straggling or prostrate bush, never forming an erect trunk. The California yew (Taxus brevifolia) is a good-sized tree, and its wood is used for bows, spear handles, paddles, and other similar implements. Another yew is found in Florida, and there are species in Japan and the Himalayas. 3. A bow for shooting, made of the yew. Yew Yew (&umac;), a. Of or pertaining to yew trees; made of the wood of a yew tree; as, a yew whipstock. Yewen Yew"en (?), a. Made of yew; as, yewen bows. Yex Yex (?), v. i. [OE. \'f4exen, yesken, AS. giscian to sob.] To hiccough. [Written also yox, yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] He yexeth and he speaketh through the nose. Chaucer. Yex Yex, n. [AS. geocsa a sobbing, hiccough. Cf. Yex, v. i.] A hiccough. [Written also yox, and yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "The excessive yex." Holland. Yezdegerdian Yez`de*ger"di*an (?; 277), a. Of or pertaining to Yezdegerd, the last Sassanian monarch of Persia, who was overthrown by the Mohammedans; as, the Yezdegerdian era, which began on the 16th of June, a. d. 632. The era is still used by the Parsees. Yezdi Yez"di (?), n. Same as Izedi. Taylor. Yezidee, Yezidi Yez"i*dee (?), Yez"i*di (?), n. Same as Izedi. Yfere Y*fere" (?), adv. Together. See Ifere. [Obs.] As friends do when they be met yfere. Chaucer. Ygdrasyl Yg"dra*syl (?), n. (Scand. Myth.) See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Yghe Y"ghe (?), n. Eye. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ygo Y*go" (?), obs. p. p. of Go. Gone. Chaucer. Yground Y*ground" (?), obs. p. p. of Grind. Chaucer. Yholde Y*hold"e (?), obs. p. p. of Hold. Chaucer. Yield Yield (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yielded; obs. p. p. Yold (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yielding.] [OE. yelden, \'f4elden, \'f4ilden, AS. gieldan, gildan, to pay, give, restore, make an offering; akin to OFries. jelda, OS. geldan, D. gelden to cost, to be worth, G. gelten, OHG. geltan to pay, restore, make an offering, be worth, Icel. gjalda to pay, give up, Dan. gielde to be worth, Sw. g\'84lla to be worth, g\'84lda to pay, Goth. gildan in fragildan, usgildan. Cf. 1st Geld, Guild.] 1. To give in return for labor expended; to produce, as payment or interest on what is expended or invested; to pay; as, money at interest yields six or seven per cent. To yelde Jesu Christ his proper rent. Chaucer. When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength. Gen. iv. 12. 2. To furnish; to afford; to render; to give forth. "Vines yield nectar." Milton. [He] makes milch kine yield blood. Shak. The wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children. Job xxiv. 5. 3. To give up, as something that is claimed or demanded; to make over to one who has a claim or right; to resign; to surrender; to relinquish; as a city, an opinion, etc. And, force perforce, I'll make him yield the crown. Shak. Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame. Milton. 4. To admit to be true; to concede; to allow. I yield it just, said Adam, and submit. Milton. 5. To permit; to grant; as, to yield passage. 6. To give a reward to; to bless. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tend me to-night two hours, I ask no more, And the gods yield you for 't. Shak. God yield thee, and God thank ye. Beau. & Fl. To yield the breath, the ghost, OR the life, to die; to expire; -- often followed by up. One calmly yields his willing breath. Keble. Yield Yield, v. i. 1. To give up the contest; to submit; to surrender; to succumb. He saw the fainting Grecians yield. Dryden. 2. To comply with; to assent; as, I yielded to his request. 3. To give way; to cease opposition; to be no longer a hindrance or an obstacle; as, men readily yield to the current of opinion, or to customs; the door yielded. Will ye relent, And yield to mercy while 't is offered you? Shak. 4. To give place, as inferior in rank or excellence; as, they will yield to us in nothing. Nay tell me first, in what more happy fields The thistle springs, to which the lily yields? Pope. Yield Yield (?), n. Amount yielded; product; -- applied especially to products resulting from growth or cultivation. "A goodly yield of fruit doth bring." Bacon. Yieldable Yield"a*ble (?), a. Disposed to yield or comply. [R.] -- Yield"a*ble*ness, n. [R.] Bp. Hall. Yieldance Yield"ance (?), n. 1. The act of producing; yield; as, the yieldance of the earth. [R.] Bp. Hall. 2. The act of yielding; concession. [R.] South. Yielder Yield"er (?), n. One who yields. Shak. Yielding Yield"ing, a. Inclined to give way, or comply; flexible; compliant; accommodating; as, a yielding temper. Yielding and paying (Law), the initial words of that clause in leases in which the rent to be paid by the lessee is mentioned and reserved. Burrill. Syn. -- Obsequious; attentive. -- Yielding, Obsequious, Attentive. In many cases a man may be attentive or yielding in a high degree without any sacrifice of his dignity; but he who is obsequious seeks to gain favor by excessive and mean compliances for some selfish end. -- Yield"ing*ly, adv. -- Yield"ing*ness, n. Yieldless Yield"less, a. Without yielding; unyielding. [Obs.] Yift Yift (?), n. Gift. [Obs.] "Great yiftes." Chaucer. Yin Yin (?), n. A Chinese weight of 2 pounds. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1676 Yis Yis (?), adv. Yes. [Obs.] "Yis, sir," quod he, "yis, host." Chaucer. Yit Yit (?), conj. Yet. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yite Yite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European yellow-hammer. Yive Yive (?), v. t. & i. To give. [Obs.] Chaucer. -yl -yl (?). [Gr. (Chem.) A suffix used as a characteristic termination of chemical radicals; as in ethyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, etc. NOTE: &hand; -y l was first used in 1832 by Liebig and W\'94hler in naming benzoyl, in the sense of stuff, or fundamental material, then in 1834 by Dumas and Peligot in naming methyl, in the sense of wood. After this -yl was generally used as in benzoyl, in the sense of stuff, characteristic ground, fundamental material. Yie Yie (?), n. Isle. [Obs.] "The barren yle." Chaucer. Y level Y" lev`el (?). (Surv.) See under Y, n. Yliche, Ylike Y*liche" (?), Y*like" (?), a. & adv. Like; alike. [Obs.] "All . . . yliche good." Chaucer. Yllanraton Yl`lan*ra*ton" (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The agouara. Ymaked Y*mak"ed (?), obs. p. p. of Make. Made. Ymel Y*mel" (?), prep. [OE. ymel, imelle, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. &imac; milli, &imac; millum (properly, in the middle, fr. mi, me, middle, akin to E. middle), Dan. imellem, Sw. emellan. See In, and Middle.] Among. [Obs.] "Ymel them all." Chaucer. Ynambu Y*nam"bu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens); -- called also perdiz grande, and rufous tinamou. See Illust. of Tinamou. Ynough, Ynow Y*nough" (?), Y*now" (?), a. [See Enough.] Enough. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yockel Yock"el (?), n. [Cf. Yokel.] (Zo\'94l.) The yaffle. Yode Yode (?), obs. imp. of Go. [OE. yode, yede, , , eode, AS. e\'a2de, used as the imp. of g\'ben to go; akin to Goth. iddja I, he, went, L. ire to go, Gr. i, y\'be. Issue.] Went; walked; proceeded. [Written also yede.] See Yede. Quer [whether] they rade [rode] or yoke. Cursor Mundi. Then into Cornhill anon I yode. Lydgate. Yodel, Yodle Yo"del (?), Yo"dle (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Yodeled, Yodled; p. pr. & vb. n. Yodeling, Yodling.] [G. jodeln.] To sing in a manner common among the Swiss and Tyrolese mountaineers, by suddenly changing from the head voice, or falsetto, to the chest voice, and the contrary; to warble. Yodel, Yodle Yo"del, Yo"dle, n. A song sung by yodeling, as by the Swiss mountaineers. Yodler Yo"dler (?), n. One who yodels. Yoga Yo"ga (?), n. [Skr. y\'d3ga union.] A species of asceticism among the Hindoos, which consists in a complete abstraction from all worldly objects, by which the votary expects to obtain union with the universal spirit, and to acquire superhuman faculties. Yogi Yo"gi (?), n. [Skr. y\'d3gin.] A follower of the yoga philosophy; an ascetic. [Spelt also yokin.] Whitworth. Yoicks Yo"icks (?), interj. (Hunting) A cry of encouragement to foxhounds. Yoit Yoit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.] Yojan Yo"jan (?), n. [Skr. y.] A measure of distance, varying from four to ten miles, but usually about five. [India] [Written also yojana.] Yoke Yoke (?), n. [OE. yok, , AS. geoc; akin to D. juk, OHG. joh, G. joch, Icel. & Sw. ok, Dan. aag, Goth. juk, Lith. jungas, Russ. igo, L. jugum, Gr. yuga, and to L. jungere to join, Gr. yui. Join, Jougs, Joust, Jugular, Subjugate, Syzycy, Yuga, Zeugma.] 1. A bar or frame of wood by which two oxen are joined at the heads or necks for working together. A yearling bullock to thy name shall smoke, Untamed, unconscious of the galling yoke. Pope. NOTE: &hand; Th e modern yoke for oxen is usually a piece of timber hollowed, or made curving, near each end, and laid on the necks of the oxen, being secured in place by two bows, one inclosing each neck, and fastened through the timber. In some countries the yoke consists of a flat piece of wood fastened to the foreheads of the oxen by thongs about the horns. 2. A frame or piece resembling a yoke, as in use or shape. Specifically: (a) A frame of wood fitted to a person's shoulders for carrying pails, etc., suspended on each side; as, a milkmaid's yoke. (b) A frame worn on the neck of an animal, as a cow, a pig, a goose, to prevent passage through a fence. (c) A frame or convex piece by which a bell is hung for ringing it. See Illust. of Bell. (d) A crosspiece upon the head of a boat's rudder. To its ends lines are attached which lead forward so that the boat can be steered from amidships. (e) (Mach.) A bent crosspiece connecting two other parts. (f) (Arch.) A tie securing two timbers together, not used for part of a regular truss, but serving a temporary purpose, as to provide against unusual strain. (g) (Dressmaking) A band shaped to fit the shoulders or the hips, and joined to the upper full edge of the waist or the skirt. 3. Fig.: That which connects or binds; a chain; a link; a bond connection. Boweth your neck under that blissful yoke . . . Which that men clepeth spousal or wedlock. Chaucer. This yoke of marriage from us both remove. Dryden. 4. A mark of servitude; hence, servitude; slavery; bondage; service. Our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak. My yoke is easy, and my burden is light. Matt. xi. 30. 5. Two animals yoked together; a couple; a pair that work together. I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them. Luke xiv. 19. 6. The quantity of land plowed in a day by a yoke of oxen. [Obs.] Gardner. 7. A portion of the working day; as, to work two yokes, that is, to work both portions of the day, or morning and afternoon. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Neck yoke, Pig yoke. See under Neck, and Pig. -- Yoke elm (Bot.), the European hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus), a small tree with tough white wood, often used for making yokes for cattle. Yoke Yoke (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yoking.] 1. To put a yoke on; to join in or with a yoke; as, to yoke oxen, or pair of oxen. 2. To couple; to join with another. "Be ye not unequally yoked with unbelievers." 2 Cor. vi. 14. Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb. Shak. 3. To enslave; to bring into bondage; to restrain; to confine. Then were they yoked with garrisons. Milton. The words and promises that yoke The conqueror are quickly broke. Hudibras. Yoke Yoke, v. i. To be joined or associated; to be intimately connected; to consort closely; to mate. We 'll yoke together, like a double shadow. Shak. Yokeage Yoke"age (?), n. See Rokeage. [Local, U. S.] Yokefellow Yoke"fel`low (?), n. [Yoke + fellow.] An associate or companion in, or as in; a mate; a fellow; especially, a partner in marriage. Phil. iv. 3. The two languages [English and French] became yokefellows in a still more intimate manner. Earle. Those who have most distinguished themselves by railing at the sex, very often choose one of the most worthless for a companion and yokefellow. Addison. Yokel Yo"kel (?), n. [Perhaps from an AS. word akin to E. gawk.] A country bumpkin. [Eng.] Dickens. Yokelet Yoke"let (?), n. A small farm; -- so called as requiring but one yoke of oxen to till it. [Prov. Eng.] Yokemate Yoke"mate` (?), n. Same as Yokefellow. Yoke-toed Yoke"-toed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having two toes in front and two behind, as the trogons and woodpeckers. Yold Yold (?), obs. p. p. of Yield. Yielded. Spenser. Yolden Yold"en (?), obs. p. p. of Yield. Yielded. Yolk Yolk (?; 277), n. [OE. yolke, yelke, \'f4olke, \'f4elke, AS. geoloca, geoleca, fr. geolu yellow. See Yellow.] [Written also yelk.] 1. The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus. 2. (Zo\'94l.) An oily secretion which naturally covers the wool of sheep. Yolk cord (Zo\'94l.), a slender cord or duct which connects the yolk glands with the egg chambers in certain insects, as in the aphids. -- Yolk gland (Zo\'94l.), a special organ which secretes the yolk of the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some other invertebrates. See Illust. of Hermaphrodite in Appendix. -- Yolk sack (Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under Unbilical. Yoll Yoll (?), v. i. To yell. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yon Yon (?), a. [OE. yon, , AS. geon; akin to G. jener, OHG. jen, Icel. enn, inn; cf. Goth. jains. Beyond, Yond, Yonder.] At a distance, but within view; yonder. [Poetic] Read thy lot in yon celestial sign. Milton. Though fast yon shower be fleeting. Keble. Yon Yon, adv. Yonder. [Obs. or Poetic] But, first and chiefest, with thee bring Him that yon soars on golden wing. Milton. Yoncopin Yon"co*pin (?), n. [Perhaps corrupted from Illinois micoupena, Chippewa makopin, the American lotus.] (Bot.) A local name in parts of the Mississippi Valley for the American lotus (Nelumbo lutea). Yond Yond (?), a. [Cf. AS. anda, onda, anger, andian to be angry.] Furious; mad; angry; fierce. [Obs.] "Then wexeth wood and yond." Spenser. Yond Yond, adv. & a. [OE. yond, \'f4ond, \'f4eond, through, beyond, over, AS. geond, adv. & prep.; cf. Goth. jaind thither. &root;188. See Yon, a.] Yonder. [Obs.] "Yond in the garden." Chaucer. Yonder Yon"der (?), adv. [OE. yonder, \'f4onder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.] At a distance, but within view. Yonder are two apple women scolding. Arbuthnot. Yonder Yon"der, a. Being at a distance within view, or conceived of as within view; that or those there; yon. "Yon flowery arbors, yonder alleys green." Milton. "Yonder sea of light." Keble. Yonder men are too many for an embassage. Bacon. Yoni Yo"ni (?), n. [Skr. y.] (Hindoo Myth.) The symbol under which Sakti, or the personification of the female power in nature, is worshiped. Cf. Lingam. Yonker Yon"ker (?), n. [See Younker.] A young fellow; a younker. [Obs. or Colloq.] Sir W. Scott. Yore Yore (?), adv. [OE. , yare, , AS. ge\'a0ra;akin to ge\'a0r a year, E. year. Year.] In time long past; in old time; long since. [Obs. or Poetic] As it hath been of olde times yore. Chaucer. Which though he hath polluted oft and yore, Yet I to them for judgment just do fly. Spenser. Of yore, of old time; long ago; as, in times or days of yore. "But Satan now is wiser than of yore." Pope. Where Abraham fed his flock of yore. Keble. Yorker York"er (?), n. (Cricket) A tice. Yorkshire York"shire (?), n. A county in the north of England. Yorkshire grit, a kind of stone used for polishing marble, and copperplates for engravers. Simmonds. -- Yorkshire pudding, a batter pudding baked under meat. York use York" use` (?). (Eccl.) The one of the three printed uses of England which was followed in the north. It was based on the Sarum use. See Use, n., 6. Shipley. Yot Yot (?), v. t. To unite closely. [Prov. Eng.] Yote Yote (?), v. t. [OE. , , to pour, AS. ge\'a2tan. See Found to cast.] To pour water on; to soak in, or mix with, water. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Grose. My fowls, which well enough, I, as before, found feeding at their trough Their yoted wheat. Chapman. You You (?), pron. [Possess. Your (?) or Yours (; dat. & obj. You.] [OE. you, eou, eow, dat. & acc., AS. e\'a2w, used as dat. & acc. of ge, g, ye; akin to OFries. iu, io, D. u, G. euch, OHG. iu, dat., iuwih, acc., Icel. y, dat. & acc., Goth. izwis; of uncertain origin. &root;189. Cf. Your.] The pronoun of the second person, in the nominative, dative, and objective case, indicating the person or persons addressed. See the Note under Ye. Ye go to Canterbury; God you speed. Chaucer. Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you To leave this place. Shak. In vain you tell your parting lover You wish fair winds may waft him over. Prior. NOTE: &hand; Though you is properly a plural, it is in all ordinary discourse used also in addressing a single person, yet properly always with a plural verb. "Are you he that hangs the verses on the trees, wherein Rosalind is so admired ?" Shak. You and your are sometimes used indefinitely, like we, they, one, to express persons not specified. "The looks at a distance like a new-plowed land; but as you come near it, you see nothing but a long heap of heavy, disjointed clods." Addison. "Your medalist and critic are much nearer related than the world imagine." Addison. "It is always pleasant to be forced to do what you wish to do, but what, until pressed, you dare not attempt." Hook. You is often used reflexively for yourself of yourselves. "Your highness shall repose you at the tower." Shak. Youl Youl (?), v. i. To yell; to yowl. [Obs.] Chaucer. Young Young (?), a. [Compar. Younger (?); superl. Youngest (?).] [OE. yung, yong, , , AS. geong; akin to OFries. iung, iong, D. joing, OS., OHG., & G. jung, Icel. ungr, Sw. & Dan. ung, Goth. juggs, Lith. jaunas, Russ. iunuii, L. juvencus, juvenis, Skr. juva, juven. Junior, Juniper, Juvenile, Younker, Youth.] 1. Not long born; still in the first part of life; not yet arrived at adolescence, maturity, or age; not old; juvenile; -- said of animals; as, a young child; a young man; a young fawn. For he so young and tender was of age. Chaucer. "Whom the gods love, die young," has been too long carelessly said; . . . whom the gods love, live young forever. Mrs. H. H. Jackson. 2. Being in the first part, pr period, of growth; as, a young plant; a young tree. While the fears of the people were young. De Foe. 3. Having little experience; inexperienced; unpracticed; ignorant; weak. Come, come, elder brother, you are too young in this. Shak. Young Young, n. The offspring of animals, either a single animal or offspring collectively. [The egg] bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton. With young, with child; pregnant. Youngger Young"ger (?), n. One who is younger; an inferior in age; a junior. "The elder shall serve the younger." Rom. ix. 12. Youngish Young"ish (?), a. Somewhat young. Tatler. Youngling Young"ling (?), n. [AS. geongling.] A young person; a youth; also, any animal in its early life. "More dear . . . than younglings to their dam." Spenser. He will not be so willing, I think, to join with you as with us younglings. Ridley. Youngling Young"ling, a. Young; youthful. Wordsworth. Youngly Young"ly, a. [AS. geonglic.] Like a young person or thing; young; youthful. [Obs.] Shak. Youngly Young"ly, adv. 1. In a young manner; in the period of youth; early in life. [Obs.] Shak. 2. Ignorantly; weakly. [R.] Youngness Young"ness, n. The quality or state of being young. Youngster Young"ster (?), n. A young person; a youngling; a lad. [Colloq.] "He felt himself quite a youngster, with a long life before him." G. Eliot. Youngth Youngth (?), n. Youth. [Obs.] Youngth is a bubble blown up with breath. Spenser. Youngthly Youngth"ly, a. Pertaining to, or resembling, youth; youthful. [Obs.] Spenser. Younker Youn"ker (?), n. [D. jonker, jonkeer; jong young + heer a lord, sir, gentleman. See Young, a.] A young person; a stripling; a yonker. [Obs. or Colloq.] That same younker soon was overthrown. Spenser. Youpon You"pon (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Yaupon. Your Your (?), pron. & a. [OE. your, , eowr, eower, AS. e\'a2wer, originally used as the gen. of ge, g\'c7, ye; akin to OFries. iuwer your, OS. iuwar, D. uw, OHG. iuw\'c7r, G. euer, Icel. y\'ebar, Goth. izwara, izwar, and E. you. \'fb189. See You.] The form of the possessive case of the personal pronoun you. NOTE: &hand; Th e po ssessive takes the form yours when the noun to which it refers is not expressed, but implied; as, this book is yours. "An old fellow of yours." Chaucer. ours ours (?), pron. See the Note under Your. Yourself Your*self" (?), pron.; pl. Yourselves (#). [Your + self.] An emphasized or reflexive form of the pronoun of the second person; -- used as a subject commonly with you; as, you yourself shall see it; also, alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, you have injured yourself. Of which right now ye han yourselve heard. Chaucer. If yourselves are old, make it your cause. Shak. Why should you be so cruel to yourself ? Milton. The religious movement which you yourself, as well as I, so faithfully followed from first to last. J. H. Newman. Youth Youth (&umac;th), n.; pl. Youths (&umac;ths; 264) or collectively Youth. [OE. youthe, youhþe, \'f4uhe\'ebe, \'f4uwe\'ebe, \'f4eo\'f4e\'ebe, AS. geogu\'eb, geogo\'eb; akin to OS. jug\'eb, D. jeugd, OHG. jugund, G. jugend, Goth. junda. \'fb281. See Young.] 1. The quality or state of being young; youthfulness; juvenility. "In my flower of youth." Milton. Such as in his face Youth smiled celestial. Milton. 2. The part of life that succeeds to childhood; the period of existence preceding maturity or age; the whole early part of life, from childhood, or, sometimes, from infancy, to manhood. He wondered that your lordship Would suffer him to spend his youth at home. Shak. Those who pass their youth in vice are justly condemned to spend their age in folly. Rambler. 3. A young person; especially, a young man. Seven youths from Athens yearly sent. Dryden. 4. Young persons, collectively. It is fit to read the best authors to youth first. B. Jonson. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1677 Youthful Youth"ful (?), a. 1. Not yet mature or aged; young. "Two youthful knights." Dryden. Also used figuratively. "The youthful season of the year." Shak. 2. Of or pertaining to the early part of life; suitable to early life; as, youthful days; youthful sports. "Warm, youthful blood." Shak. "Youthful thoughts." Milton. 3. Fresh; vigorous, as in youth. After millions of millions of ages . . . still youthful and flourishing. Bentley. Syn. -- Puerile; juvenile. -- Youthful, Puerile, Juvenile. Puerile is always used in a bad sense, or at least in the sense of what is suitable to a boy only; as, puerile objections, puerile amusements, etc. Juvenile is sometimes taken in a bad sense, as when speaking of youth in contrast with manhood; as, juvenile tricks; a juvenile performance. Youthful is commonly employed in a good sense; as, youthful aspirations; or at least by way of extenuating; as, youthful indiscretions. "Some men, imagining themselves possessed with a divine fury, often fall into toys and trifles, which are only puerilities." Dryden. "Raw, juvenile writers imagine that, by pouring forth figures often, they render their compositions warm and animated." Blair. -- Youth"ful*ly, adv. -- Youth"ful*ness, n. Youthhood Youth"hood (?), n. [AS. geogu&edh;h\'bed. See Youth, and -hood.] The quality or state of being a youth; the period of youth. Cheyne. Youthly Youth"ly, a. [AS. geogu&edh;lic.] Young; youthful. [Obs.] "All my youthly days." Spenser. Youthsome Youth"some (?), a. Youthful. [Obs.] Pepys. Youthy Youth"y (?), a. Young. [Obs.] Spectator. Youze Youze (?), n. [From a native East Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The cheetah. Yow Yow (?), pron. You. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yowe Yowe (?), n. [See Ewe.] (Zo\'94l.) A ewe. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] G. Eliot. Yowl Yowl (?), v. i. [See Yawl, v. i.] To utter a loud, long, and mournful cry, as a dog; to howl; to yell. Yowl Yowl, n. A loud, protracted, and mournful cry, as that of a dog; a howl. Yowley Yow"ley (?), n. [Cf. Yellow.] (Zo\'94l.) The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.] Yox Yox (?), v. i. See Yex. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ypight Y*pight" (?), obs. p. p. of Pitch. See Pight. Ypocras Yp"o*cras (?), n. Hippocras. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ypres lace Y"pres lace` (?). Fine bobbin lace made at Ypres in Belgium, usually exactly like Valenciennes lace. Ypsiliform Yp*sil"i*form (?), a. [Gr. -form.] (Biol.) Resembling the Ypsiloid Yp"si*loid (?), a. (Anat.) In the form of the letter Y; Y-shaped. Yraft Y*raft" (?), obs. p. p. of Reave. Bereft. Chaucer. Yren Yr"en (?), n. Iron. [Obs.] Chaucer. Yronne Y*ron"ne (?), obs. p. p. of Run. Run. Chaucer. Ysame Y*same" (?), adv. [See Same.] Together. [Obs.] "And in a bag all sorts of seeds ysame." Spenser. Yt, Yt Yt, Yt (&th;&acr;t), an old method of printing that (AS. þ\'91t, &edh;\'91t) the "y" taking the place of the old letter "thorn" (þ). Cf. Ye, the. Ythrowe Y*throwe" (?), obs. p. p. of Throw. Chaucer. Ytterbic Yt*ter"bic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, ytterbium; containing ytterbium. Ytterbium Yt*ter"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.] (Chem.) A rare element of the boron group, sometimes associated with yttrium or other related elements, as in euxenite and gadolinite. Symbol Yb; provisional atomic weight 173.2. Cf. Yttrium. NOTE: &hand; Yt terbium is associated with other rare elements, and probably has not been prepared in a pure state. <-- purified before 1960 --> Yttria Yt"tri*a (?), n. [NL. See Yttrium.] (Chem.) The oxide, Y2O3, or earth, of yttrium. Yttric Yt"tric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, yttrium. Yttriferous Yt*trif"er*ous (?), a. Bearing or containing yttrium or the allied elements; as, gadolinite is one of the yttriferous minerals. Yttrious Yt"tri*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Same as Yttric. Yttrium Yt"tri*um (?), n. [NL., from Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the boron-aluminium group, found in gadolinite and other rare minerals, and extracted as a dark gray powder. Symbol Y. Atomic weight, 89. [Written also ittrium.] NOTE: &hand; As sociated with yttrium are certain rare elements, as erbium, ytterbium, samarium, etc., which are separated in a pure state with great difficulty. They are studied by means of their spark or phosphorescent spectra. Yttrium is now regarded as probably not a simple element, but as a mixture of several substances. <-- yttrium has been isolated as a pure element. --> Yttro-cerite Yt`tro-ce"rite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral of a violet-blue color, inclining to gray and white. It is a hydrous fluoride of cerium, yttrium, and calcium. Yttro-columbite, Yttro-tantalite Yt`tro-co*lum"bite (?), Yt`tro-tan"ta*lite (?), n. (Min.) A tantalate of uranium, yttrium, and calcium, of a brown or black color. Yu Yu (?), n. [Chin.] (Min.) Jade. Yucca Yuc"ca (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Flicker, n., 2. Yucca Yuc"ca (?), n. [NL., from Yuca, its name in St. Domingo.] (Bot.) A genus of American liliaceous, sometimes arborescent, plants having long, pointed, and often rigid, leaves at the top of a more or less woody stem, and bearing a large panicle of showy white blossoms. NOTE: &hand; Th e sp ecies wi th mo re ri gid le aves (a s Yu cca aloifolia, Y. Treculiana, and Y. baccata) are called Spanish bayonet, and one with softer leaves (Y. filamentosa) is called bear grass, and Adam's needle. Yucca moth (Zo\'94l.), a small silvery moth (Pronuba yuccasella) whose larv\'91 feed on plants of the genus Yucca. Yuck Yuck (?), v. i. [Cf. G. jucken, D. yeuken, joken. See Itch.] To itch. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. Yuck Yuck, v. t. To scratch. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Yuckel Yuck"el (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Yockel. Yuen Yu"en (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The crowned gibbon (Hylobates pileatus), native of Siam, Southern China, and the Island of Hainan. It is entirely arboreal in its habits, and has very long arms. the males are dark brown or blackish, with a caplike mass of long dark hair, and usually with a white band around the face. The females are yellowish white, with a dark spot on the breast and another on the crown. Called also wooyen, and wooyen ape. Yufts Yufts (?), n. [Russ. iufte.] Russia leather. Yug, Yuga Yug (?), Yu"ga (?), n. [Skr. yuga an age, a yoke. See Yoke.] (Hindoo Cosmog.) Any one of the four ages, Krita, or Satya, Treta, Dwapara, and Kali, into which the Hindoos divide the duration or existence of the world. Yuke Yuke (?), v. i. & t. Same as Yuck. [Prov. Eng.] Yulan Yu"lan (?), n. (Bot.) A species of Magnolia (M. conspicua) with large white blossoms that open before the leaves. See the Note under Magnolia. Yule Yule (?), n. [OE. yol, \'f4ol, AS. ge\'a2l; akin to ge\'a2la December or January, Icel. j\'d3l Yule, Ylir the name of a winter month, Sw. jul Christmas, Dan. juul, Goth. jiuleis November or December. Cf. Jolly.] Christmas or Christmastide; the feast of the Nativity of our Savior. And at each pause they kiss; was never seen such rule In any place but here, at bonfire, or at Yule. Drayton. Yule block, OR Yule log, a large log of wood formerly put on the hearth of Christmas eve, as the foundation of the fire. It was brought in with much ceremony. -- Yule clog, the yule log. Halliwell. W. Irving. Yuletide Yule"tide` (?), n. Christmas time; Christmastide; the season of Christmas. Yumas Yu"mas (?), n. pl.; sing. Yuma (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians native of Arizona and the adjacent parts of Mexico and California. They are agricultural, and cultivate corn, wheat, barley, melons, etc. NOTE: &hand; Th e a wi der se nse, the term sometimes includes the Mohaves and other allied tribes. Yunx Yunx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds comprising the wrynecks. Yupon Yu"pon (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Yaupon. Yux Yux (?), n. & v. See Yex, n. [Obs.] Yvel Y"vel (?), a. & adv. Evil; ill. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ywar Y*war" (?), a. [See Aware.] Aware; wary. [Obs.] "Be ywar, and his way shun." Piers Plowman. Ywis Y*wis" (?), adv. [OE. ywis, iwis, AS. gewis certain; akin to D. gewis, G. gewiss, and E. wit to know. See Wit to know, and Y-.] Certainly; most likely; truly; probably. [Obs. or Archaic] "Ywis," quod he, "it is full dear, I say." Chaucer. She answered me, "I-wisse, all their sport in the park is but a shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato." Ascham. A right good knight, and true of word ywis. Spenser. NOTE: &hand; The common form iwis was often written with the prefix apart from the rest of the word and capitalized, as, I wis, I wisse, etc. The prefix was mistaken for the pronoun, I and wis, wisse, for a form of the verb wit to know. See Wis, and cf. Wit, to know. Our ship, I wis, Shall be of another form than this. Longfellow. Z.