X Xanthose Xan"those (?), n. (Chem.) An orange-yellow substance found in pigment spots of certain crabs. Xanthosis Xan*tho"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. xanqo`s yellow.] (Med.) The yellow discoloration often observed in cancerous tumors. Xanthospermous Xan`tho*sper"mous (?), a. [Xantho- + Gr. (Bot.) Having yellow seeds. Xanthous Xan"thous (?), a. [Gr. Yellow; specifically (Ethnol.), of or pertaining to those races of man which have yellowish, red, auburn, or brown hair. Xanthoxylene Xan*thox"y*lene (?), n. [See Xanthoxylum.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon of the terpene series extracted from the seeds of a Japanese prickly ash (Xanthoxylum pipertium) as an aromatic oil. Xanthoxylum Xan*thox"y*lum (?), n. [NL., from Gr. xanqo`s yellow + xy`lon wood.] (Bot.) A genus of prickly shrubs or small trees, the bark and rots of which are of a deep yellow color; prickly ash. NOTE: &hand; The commonest species in the Northern United States is Xanthoxylum Americanum. See Prickly ash, under Prickly. Xebec Xe"bec (?), n. [Sp. jabegue, formerly spelt xabeque, or Pg. xabeco; both from Turk. sumbeki a kind of Asiatic ship; cf. Per. sumbuk, Ar. sumb a small ship.] (Naut.) A small three-masted vessel, with projecting bow stern and convex decks, used in the Mediterranean for transporting merchandise, etc. It carries large square sails, or both. Xebecs were formerly armed and used by corsairs. Xeme Xeme (z&emac;m), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Arctic fork-tailed gull (Xema Sabinii). Xenelasia Xen`e*la"si*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A Spartan institution which prohibited strangers from residing in Sparta without permission, its object probably being to preserve the national simplicity of manners. Xenium Xe"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Xenia (#). [L., from Gr. (Class. Antiq.) A present given to a guest or stranger, or to a foreign ambassador. Xenodochium Xen`o*do*chi"um (?), n. [LL., fr. L. xenodochium a building for the reception of strangers, Gr. (a) (Class. Antiq.) A house for the reception of strangers. (b) In the Middle Ages, a room in a monastery for the reception and entertainment of strangers and pilgrims, and for the relief of paupers. [Called also Xenodocheion.] Xenodochy Xe*nod"o*chy (?), n. [Gr. Reception of strangers; hospitality. [R.] Xenogamy Xe*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr. xe`nos strange, foreign + (Bot.) Cross fertilization. Xenogenesis Xen`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. xe`nos a stranger + E. genesis.] (Biol.) (a) Same as Heterogenesis. (b) The fancied production of an organism of one kind by an organism of another. Huxley. Xenogenetic Xen`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to xenogenesis; as, the xenogenetic origin of microzymes. Huxley. Xenomania Xen`o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. xe`nos strange + E. mania.] A mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, foreign customs, institutions, manners, fashions, etc. [R.] Saintsbury. Xenomi Xen"o*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. xe`nos strange.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of soft-rayed fresh-water fishes of which the blackfish of Alaska (Dallia pectoralis) is the type. Xenopterygii Xe*nop`te*ryg"i*i (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. xe`nos strange + (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of fishes including Gobiesox and allied genera. These fishes have soft-rayed fins, and a ventral sucker supported in front by the pectoral fins. They are destitute of scales. Xenotime Xen"o*time (?), n. [Gr. xe`nos guest, stranger + xenotim.] (Min.) A native phosphate of yttrium occurring in yellowish-brown tetragonal crystals. Xenurine Xe*nu"rine (?), n. [Gr. xe`nos strange + (Zo\'94l.) A cabassou. Xenyl Xen"yl (?), n. [Gr. xe`nos strange + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical characteristic of xenylic compounds. Xenylic Xe*nyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, designating, certain amido compounds obtained by reducing certain nitro derivatives of diphenyl. Xeraphim Xer"a*phim (?), n. [Pg. xarafin, xerafin, fr. Ar. ashraf\'c6 noble, the name of a gold coin.] An old money of account in Bombay, equal to three fifths of a rupee. Xeres Xer"es (?), n. Sherry. See Sherry. Xerif Xer"if (?), n. A shereef. Xeriff Xer"iff (?), n. [See Shereef.] A gold coin formerly current in Egypt and Turkey, of the value of about 9s. 6d., or about $2.30; -- also, in Morocco, a ducat. Xeroderma Xe`ro*der"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) Ichthyosis. (b) A skin disease characterized by the presence of numerous small pigmented spots resembling freckles, with which are subsequently mingled spots of atrophied skin. Xeronate Xe"ro*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of xeronic acid. Xeronic Xe*ron"ic (?), a. [Gr. conic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C8H12O4, related to fumaric acid, and obtained from citraconic acid as an oily substance having a bittersweet taste; -- so called from its tendency to form its anhydride. Xerophagy Xe*roph"a*gy (?), n. [L. xerophagia, Gr. Among the primitive Christians, the living on a diet of dry food in Lent and on other fasts. Xerophilous Xe*roph"i*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Drought-loving; able withstand the absence or lack of moisture. Plants which are peculiarly adapted to dry climates are termed by De Candolle xerophilous. Goodale. Xerophthalmia Xe`roph*thal"mi*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Ophthalmia.] (Med.) An abnormal dryness of the eyeball produced usually by long-continued inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the conjunctiva. Xerophthalmy Xe`roph*thal"my (?), n. (Med.) Xerophthalmia. Xiphias Xiph"i*as (?), n. [L., a swordfish, a sword-shaped comet, fr. Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes comprising the common swordfish. 2. (Anat.) (a) The constellation Dorado. (b) A comet shaped like a sword Xiphidium Xi*phid"i*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. xi`fos sword.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of the order H\'91modrace\'91, having two-ranked, sword-shaped leaves. Xiphioid Xiph"i*oid (?), a. [Xiphius + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cetacean of the genus Xiphius or family Xiphiid\'91. Xiphiplastron Xiph"i*plas"tron (?), n.; pl. Xiphiplastra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. xi`fos a sword + plastron.] (Anat.) The posterior, or fourth, lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also xiphisternum. Xiphisternum Xiph"i*ster"num (?), n.; pl. Xiphisterna (#). [NL., fr. Gr. xi`fos a sword + sternum.] (Anat.) (a) The posterior segment, or extremity, of the sternum; -- sometimes called metasternum, ensiform cartilage, ensiform process, or xiphoid process. (b) The xiphiplastron. -- Xiph"i*ster"nal (#) a. Xiphius Xiph"i*us (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. xi`fos a sword.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of cetaceans having a long, pointed, bony beak, usually two tusklike teeth in the lower jaw, but no teeth in the upper jaw. Xiphodon Xiph"o*don (?), n. [Gr. xi`fos a sword + (Paleon.) An extinct genus of artiodactylous mammals found in the European Tertiary formations. It had slender legs, didactylous feet, and small canine teeth. Xiphoid Xiph"oid (?; 277), a. [Gr. xi`fos a sword + xiphoide.] (Anat.) (a) Like a sword; ensiform. (b) Of or pertaining to the xiphoid process; xiphoidian. Xiphoidian Xiph*oid"i*an (?), a. (Anat.) Xiphoid. Xiphophyllous Xi*phoph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. xi`fos sword + (Bot.) Having sword-shaped leaves. Xiphosura Xiph`o*su"ra (?), n. pl. See Xiphura. Xiphura Xi*phu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. xi`fos sword + (Zo\'94l.) Same as Limuloidea. Called also Xiphosura. X ray. See under Ray. Xylamide Xy*lam"ide (?), n. [Xylic + amide.] (Chem.) An acid amide derivative of xylic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance. Xylanthrax Xy*lan"thrax (?), n. [Gr. xy`lon wood + Wood coal, or charcoal; -- so called in distinction from mineral coal. Xylate Xy"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of xylic acid. Xylem Xy"lem (?), n. [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Bot.) That portion of a fibrovascular bundle which has developed, or will develop, into wood cells; -- distinguished from phlo\'89m. Xylene Xy"lene (?), n. [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Chem.) Any of a group of three metameric hydrocarbons of the aromatic series, found in coal and wood tar, and so named because found in crude wood spirit. They are colorless, oily, inflammable liquids, C6H4.(CH3)2, being dimethyl benzenes, and are called respectively orthoxylene, metaxylene, and paraxylene. Called also xylol. NOTE: &hand; Ea ch of these xylenes is the nucleus and prototype of a distinct series of compounds. Xylenol Xy"le*nol (?), n. [Xylene + -ol.] (Chem.) Any one of six metameric phenol derivatives of xylene, obtained as crystalline substances, (CH3)2.C6H3.OH. Xyletic Xy*let"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid related to mesitylenic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance by the action of sodium and carbon dioxide on crude xylenol. Xylic Xy"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, xylene; specifically, designating any one of several metameric acids produced by the partial oxidation of mesitylene and pseudo-cumene. Xylidic Xy*lid"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, either one of two distinct acids which are derived from xylic acid and related compounds, and are metameric with uvitic acid. Xylidine Xy"li*dine (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of six metameric hydrocarbons, (CH3)2.C6H3.NH2, resembling aniline, and related to xylene. They are liquids, or easily fusible crystalline substances, of which three are derived from metaxylene, two from orthoxylene, and one from paraxylene. They are called the amido xylenes. NOTE: &hand; The xylidine of commerce, used in making certain dyes, consists chiefly of the derivatives of paraxylene and metaxylene. Xylindein Xy*lin"de*in (?), n. (Chem.) A green or blue pigment produced by Peziza in certain kinds of decayed wood, as the beech, oak, birch, etc., and extracted as an amorphous powder resembling indigo. Xylite Xy"lite (?), n. [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon found in crude wood spirits. Xylitone Xy"li*tone (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow oil having a geraniumlike odor, produced as a side product in making phorone; -- called also xylite oil. Xylo- Xy"lo- (?). A combining form from Gr. xy`lon wood; as in xylogen, xylograph. Xylobalsamum Xy`lo*bal"sa*mum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + xylobalsamum balsam wood, Gr. (Med.) The dried twigs of a Syrian tree (Balsamodendron Gileadense). U. S. Disp. Xylocarpous Xy`lo*car"pous (?), a. [Xylo- + Gr. (Bot.) Bearing fruit which becomes hard or woody. Xylocopa Xy*loc"o*pa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zo\'94l.) A genus of hymenopterous insects including the carpenter. See Carpenter bee, under Carpenter. -- Xy*loc"o*pine (#), a. Xylogen Xy"lo*gen (?), n. [Xylo- + -gen.] (a) (Bot.) Nascent wood; wood cells in a forming state. (b) Lignin. Xylograph Xy"lo*graph (?), n. [Xylo- + -graph.] An engraving on wood, or the impression from such an engraving; a print by xylography. Xylographer Xy*log"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices xylography. Xylographic, Xylographical Xy`lo*graph"ic (?), Xy`lo*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. xylographique.] Of or pertaining to xylography, or wood engraving. Xylography Xy*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Xylo- + -graphy: cf. F. xylographie.] 1. The art of engraving on wood. 2. The art of making prints from the natural grain of wood. Knight. 3. A method pf printing in colors upon wood for purposes of house decoration. Ure. Xyloid Xy"loid (?), a. [Xylo- + -oid.] Resembling wood; having the nature of wood. Xyloidin Xy*loid"in (?), n. [Xylo- + -oid.] (Chem.) A substance resembling pyroxylin, obtained by the action of nitric acid on starch; -- called also nitramidin. Xylol Xy"lol (?), n. [Xylo- + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Same as Xylene. Xylonite Xy"lon*ite (?), n. See Zylonite. Xylophaga Xy*loph"a*ga (?), n. [NL. See Xylophagous.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine bivalves which bore holes in wood. They are allied to Pholas. Xylophagan Xy*loph"a*gan (?), n. [See Xylophagous.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of a tribe of beetles whose larv\'91 bore or live in wood. (b) Any species of Xylophaga. (c) Any one of the Xylophagides. Xylophagides Xy`lo*phag"i*des (?), n. pl. [See Xylophagous.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe or family of dipterous flies whose larv\'91 live in decayed wood. Some of the tropical species are very large. Xylophagous Xy*loph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zo\'94l.) (a) Eating, boring in, or destroying, wood; -- said especially of certain insect larv\'91, crustaceans, and mollusks. (b) Of or pertaining to the genus Xylophaga. Xylophilan Xy*loph"i*lan (?), n. [See Xylophilous.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of beetles (Xylophili) whose larv\'91 live on decayed wood. Xylophilous Xy*loph"i*lous (?), a. [Xylo- + Gr. filei^n to love.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the xylophilans. Xylophone Xy"lo*phone (?), n. [Xylo- + Gr. fwnh` sound.] 1. (Mus.) An instrument common among the Russians, Poles, and Tartars, consisting of a series of strips of wood or glass graduated in length to the musical scale, resting on belts of straw, and struck with two small hammers. Called in Germany strohfiedel, or straw fiddle. 2. An instrument to determine the vibrative properties of different kinds of wood. Knight. Xyloplastic Xy`lo*plas"tic (?), a. [Xylo- + -plastic.] (Technol.) Formed of wood pulp by molds; relating to casts made of wood pulp in molds. Xylopyrography Xy`lo*py*rog"ra*phy (?). n. [Xylo- + Gr. -graphy.] The art or practice of burning pictures on wood with a hot iron; -- called also poker painting. See Poker picture, under Poker.<-- also, wood burning. --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 1672 Xyloquinone Xy`lo*qui"none (?), n. [Xylene + quinone.] (Chem.) Any one of a group of quinone compounds obtained respectively by the oxidation of certain xylidine compounds. In general they are yellow crystalline substances. Xylorcin Xy*lor"cin (?), n. [Xylene + orcin.] (Chem.) A derivative of xylene obtained as a white crystalline substance which on exposure in the air becomes red; -- called also betaorcin. Xylostein Xy*los"te*in (?), n. [Xylo- + Gr. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the poisonous berries of a species of honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. Xytotile Xy"to*tile (?), n. Same as Parkesine. Xylotrya Xy*lo"try*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine bivalves closely allied to Teredo, and equally destructive to timber. One species (Xylotrya fimbriata) is very common on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Xylyl Xy"lyl (?), n. [Xylo- + -yl.] (Chem.) Any one of three metameric radicals which are characteristic respectively of the three xylenes. Xylylene Xy"lyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of three metameric radicals, CH2.C6H4.CH2, derived respectively from the three xylenes. Often used adjectively; as, xylylene alcohol. Xyridaceous Xyr`i*da"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order (Xyride\'91) of endogenous plants, of which Xyris is the type. Xyris Xy"ris (?), n. [L., a kind of Iris, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of endogenous herbs with grassy leaves and small yellow flowers in short, scaly-bracted spikes; yellow-eyed grass. There are about seventeen species in the Atlantic United States. Xyst, Xystus Xyst (?), Xys"tus (?), n. [L. xystus, Gr. (Anc. Arch.) A long and open portico, for athletic exercises, as wrestling, running, etc., for use in winter or in stormy weather. Xystarch Xyst"arch (?), n. [L. xystarches, Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An office Dr. W. Smith. Xyster Xys"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.) An instrument for scraping bo Y.