L L (?). 1. L is the twelfth letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It is usually called a semivowel or liquid. Its form and value are from the Greek, through the Latin, the form of the Greek letter being from the Ph\'d2nician, and the ultimate origin prob. Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to r and u; as in pilgrim, peregrine, couch (fr. collocare), aubura (fr. LL. alburnus). NOTE: At th e end of monosyllables containing a single vowel, it is often doubled, as in fall, full, bell; but not after digraphs, as in foul, fool, prowl, growl, foal. In English words, the terminating syllable le is unaccented, the e is silent, and l is preceded by a voice glide, as in able, eagle, pronounced \'be\'b6b'l, \'b6g'l. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 241. 2. As a numeral, L stands for fifty in the English, as in the Latin language. For 50 the Romans used the Chalcidian chi, I. Taylor (The Alphabet). L L (?), n. 1. An extension at right angles to the length of a main building, giving to the ground plan a form resembling the letter L; sometimes less properly applied to a narrower, or lower, extension in the direction of the length of the main building; a wing. [Written also ell.] 2. (Mech.) A short right-angled pipe fitting, used in connecting two pipes at right angles. [Written also ell.] La La (?), n. (Mus.) (a) A syllable applied to the sixth tone of the scale in music in solmization. (b) The tone A; -- so called among the French and Italians. La La (?), interj. [Cf. Lo.] 1. Look; see; behold; -- sometimes followed by you. [Obs.] Shak. 2. An exclamation of surprise; -- commonly followed by me; as, La me! [Low] Laas Laas (?), n. A lace. See Lace. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lab Lab (?), v. i. [Cf. OD. labben to babble.] To prate; to gossip; to babble; to blab. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lab Lab, n. A telltale; a prater; a blabber. [Obs.] "I am no lab." Chaucer. Labadist Lab"a*dist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Jean de Labadie, a religious teacher of the 17th century, who left the Roman Catholic Church and taught a kind of mysticism, and the obligation of community of property among Christians. Labarraque's solution La`bar`raque's" so*lu"tion (?). [From Labarraque, a Parisian apothecary.] (Med.) An aqueous solution of hypochlorite of sodium, extensively used as a disinfectant. Labarum Lab"a*rum (, n.; pl. Labara (#). [L.] The standard adopted by the Emperor Constantine after his conversion to Christianity. It is described as a pike bearing a silk banner hanging from a crosspiece, and surmounted by a golden crown. It bore a monogram of the first two letters (CHR)<-- appearing as English XP --> of the name of Christ in its Greek form. Later, the name was given to various modifications of this standard. <-- Illustration of monogram, an X (Greek CHI) superimposed on a lengthened P (Greek RHO) --> Labdanum Lab"da*num (?), n. (Bot.) See Ladanum. Labefaction Lab`e*fac"tion (?), n. [See Labefy.] The act of labefying or making weak; the state of being weakened; decay; ruin. There is in it such a labefaction of all principles as may be injurious to morality. Johnson. Labefy Lab"e*fy (?), v. t. [L. labefacere; labare to totter + facere to make.] To weaken or impair. [R.] Label La"bel (?), n. [OF. label sort of ribbon or fringe, label in heraldry, F. lambeau shred, strip, rag; of uncertain origin; cf. L.labellum, dim. of labrum lip, edge, margin, G. lappen flap, patch, rag, tatter (cf. Lap of a dress), W. llab, llabed, label, flap, Gael. leab, leob, slice, shred, hanging lip.] 1. A tassel. [Obs.] Huloet. Fuller. 2. A slip of silk, paper, parchment, etc., affixed to anything, usually by an inscription, the contents, ownership, destination, etc.; as, the label of a bottle or a package. 3. A slip of ribbon, parchment, etc., attached to a document to hold the appended seal; also, the seal. 4. A writing annexed by way of addition, as a codicil added to a will. 5. (Her.) A barrulet, or, rarely, a bendlet, with pendants, or points, usually three, especially used as a mark of cadency to distinguish an eldest or only son while his father is still living. 6. A brass rule with sights, formerly used, in connection with a circumferentor, to take altitudes. Knight. 7. (Gothic Arch.) The name now generally given to the projecting molding by the sides, and over the tops, of openings in medi\'91val architecture. It always has a Arch. Pub. Soc. 8. In medi\'91val art, the representation of a band or scroll containing an inscription. Fairholt. Label La"bel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Labeled (?) or Labelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Labeling or Labelling.] 1. To affix a label to; to mark with a name, etc.; as, to label a bottle or a package. 2. To affix in or on a label. [R.] Labeler La"bel*er (?), n. One who labels. [Written also labeller.] Labellum La*bel"lum (?), n.; pl. L. Labella (#), E. Labellums (#). [L., dim. of labrum lip.] 1. (Bot.) The lower or apparently anterior petal of an orchidaceous flower, often of a very curious shape. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A small appendage beneath the upper lip or labrum of certain insects. Labent La"bent (?), a. [L. labens, p. pr. of labi to slide, glide.] Slipping; sliding; gliding. [R.] Labia La"bi*a (?), n. pl. See Labium. Labial La"bi*al (?), a. [LL. labialis, fr. L. labium lip: cf. F. labial. See Lip.] 1. Of or pertaining to the lips or labia; as, labial veins. 2. (Mus.) Furnished with lips; as, a labial organ pipe. 3. (Phonetics) (a) Articulated, as a consonant, mainly by the lips, as b, p, m, w. (b) Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, as &oomac; (f&oomac;d), &omac; (&omac;ld), etc., and as eu and u in French, and \'94, \'81 in German. See Guide to Pronunciation, 4. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the labium; as, the labial palpi of insects. See Labium. Labial La"bi*al, n. 1. (Phonetics) A letter or character representing an articulation or sound formed or uttered chiefly with the lips, as b, p, w. 2. (Mus.) An organ pipe that is furnished with lips; a flue pipe. 3. (Zo\'94l.) One of the scales which border the mouth of a fish or reptile. Labialism La"bi*al*ism (?), n. (Phonetics) The quality of being labial; as, the labialism of an articulation; conversion into a labial, as of a sound which is different in another language. J. Peile. Labialization La`bi*al*i*za"tion (?), n. (Phonetics) The modification of an articulation by contraction of the lip opening. Labialize La"bi*al*ize (?), v. t. (Phonetics) To modify by contraction of the lip opening. Labially La"bi*al*ly, adv. In a labial manner; with, or by means of, the lips. Labiate La"bi*ate (?), v. t. To labialize. Brewer. Labiate La"bi*ate (?), a. [NL. labiatus, fr. L. labium lip.] (Bot.) (a) Having the limb of a tubular corolla or calyx divided into two unequal parts, one projecting over the other like the lips of a mouth, as in the snapdragon, sage, and catnip. (b) Belonging to a natural order of plants (Labiat\'91), of which the mint, sage, and catnip are examples. They are mostly aromatic herbs. Labiate La"bi*ate, n. (Bot.) A plant of the order Labiat\'91. Labiated La"bi*a`ted (?), a. (Bot.) Same as Labiate, a. (a). Labiatifloral, Labiatifloral La`bi*a`ti*flo"ral (?), La`bi*a`ti*flo"ral (?), a. [Labiate + L. flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having labiate flowers, as the snapdragon. Labidometer Lab`i*dom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.meter: cf. F. labidometre.] (Med.) A forceps with a measuring attachment for ascertaining the size of the fetal head. Labile La"bile (?), a. [L. labilis apt to slip, fr. labi to slip.] Liable to slip, err, fall, or apostatize. [Obs.] Cheyne. Lability La*bil"i*ty (?), n. Liability to lapse, err, or apostatize. [Archaic] Coleridge. Labimeter La*bim"e*ter (?), n. [Cf. F. labimetre.] (Med.) See Labidometer. Labiodental La`bi*o*den"tal (?), a. [Labium + dental.] (Phonetics) Formed or pronounced by the cooperation of the lips and teeth, as f and v. -- n. A labiodental sound or letter. Labionasal La`bi*o*na"sal (?), a. [Labium + nasal.] (Phonetics) Formed by the lips and the nose. -- n. A labionasal sound or letter. Labiose La"bi*ose` (?), a. [From Labium.] (Bot.) Having the appearance of being labiate; -- said of certain polypetalous corollas. Labipalpus La`bi*pal"pus (?), n.; pl. Labipalpi (. [NL. See Labium, and Palpus.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the labial palpi of an insect. See Illust. under Labium. Labium La"bi*um (?), n. ; pl. L. Labia (#), E. Labiums (#). [L.] 1. A lip, or liplike organ. 2. The lip of an organ pipe. 3. pl. (Anat.) The folds of integument at the opening of the vulva. 4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The organ of insects which covers the mouth beneath, and serves as an under lip. It consists of the second pair of maxill\'91, usually closely united in the middle line, but bearing a pair of palpi in most insects. It often consists of a thin anterior part (ligula or palpiger) and a firmer posterior plate (mentum). (b) Inner margin of the aperture of a shell. Lablab Lab"lab (?), n. (Bot.) an East Indian name for several twining leguminous plants related to the bean, but commonly applied to the hyacinth bean (Delichos Lablab). Labor La"bor (?), n. [OE. labour, OF. labour, laber, labur, F. labeur, L. labor; cf. Gr. labh to get, seize.] [Written also labour.] 1. Physical toil or bodily exertion, especially when fatiguing, irksome, or unavoidable, in distinction from sportive exercise; hard, muscular effort directed to some useful end, as agriculture, manufactures, and like; servile toil; exertion; work. God hath set Labor and rest, as day and night, to men Successive. Milton. 2. Intellectual exertion; mental effort; as, the labor of compiling a history. 3. That which requires hard work for its accomplishment; that which demands effort. Being a labor of so great a difficulty, the exact performance thereof we may rather wish than look for. Hooker. 4. Travail; the pangs and efforts of childbirth. The queen's in labor, They say, in great extremity; and feared She'll with the labor end. Shak. 5. Any pang or distress. Shak. 6. (Naut.) The pitching or tossing of a vessel which results in the straining of timbers and rigging. 7. [Sp.] A measure of land in Mexico and Texas, equivalent to an area of 177 acres. Bartlett. Syn. -- Work; toil; drudgery; task; exertion; effort; industry; painstaking. See Toll. Labor La"bor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Labored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Laboring.] [OE. labouren, F. labourer, L. laborare. See Labor, n.] [Written also labour.] 1. To exert muscular strength; to exert one's strength with painful effort, particularly in servile occupations; to work; to toil. Adam, well may we labor still to dress This garden. Milton. 2. To exert one's powers of mind in the prosecution of any design; to strive; to take pains. 3. To be oppressed with difficulties or disease; to do one's work under conditions which make it especially hard, wearisome; to move slowly, as against opposition, or under a burden; to be burdened; -- often with under, and formerly with of. The stone that labors up the hill. Granville. The line too labors,and the words move slow. Pope. To cure the disorder under which he labored. Sir W. Scott. Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Matt. xi. 28 4. To be in travail; to suffer the pangs of childbirth. 5. (Naut.) To pitch or roll heavily, as a ship in a turbulent sea. Totten. Labor La"bor, v. t. [F. labourer, L. laborare.] 1. To work at; to work; to till; to cultivate by toil. The most excellent lands are lying fallow, or only labored by children. W. Tooke. 2. To form or fabricate with toil, exertion, or care. "To labor arms for Troy." Dryden. 3. To prosecute, or perfect, with effort; to urge streas, to labor a point or argument. 4. To belabor; to beat. [Obs.] Dryden. Laborant Lab"o*rant (?), n. [L.laborans, p. pr. of laborare to labor.] A chemist. [Obs.] Boyle. Laboratory Lab"o*ra*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Laboratories (#). [Shortened fr. elaboratory; cf. OF. elaboratoire, F. laboratoire. See Elaborate, Labor.] [Formerly written also elaboratory.] The workroom of a chemist; also, a place devoted to experiments in any branch of natural science; as, a chemical, physical, or biological laboratory. Hence, by extension, a place where something is prepared, or some operation is performed; as, the liver is the laboratory of the bile. Labored La"bored (?), a. Bearing marks of labor and effort; elaborately wrought; not easy or natural; as, labored poetry; a labored style. Laboredly La"bored*ly, adv. In a labored manner; with labor. Laborer La"bor*er (?), n. [Written also labourer.] One who labors in a toilsome occupation; a person who does work that requires strength rather than skill, as distinguished from that of an artisan. Laboring La"bor*ing, a. 1. That labors; performing labor; esp., performing coarse, heavy work, not requiring skill also, set apart for labor; as, laboring days. The sleep of a laboring man is sweet. eccl. v. 12. 2. Suffering pain or grief. Pope. Laboring oar, the oar which requires most strength and exertion; often used figuratively; as, to have, or pull, the laboring oar in some difficult undertaking. Laborious La*bo"ri*ous (?), a. [L. laboriosus,fr. labor labor: cf. F. laborieux.] 1. Requiring labor, perseverance, or sacrifices; toilsome; tiresome. Dost thou love watchings, abstinence, or toil, Laborious virtues all ? Learn these from Cato. Addison. 2. Devoted to labor; diligent; industrious; as, a laborious mechanic. -- La*bo"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- La*bo"ri*ous*ness, n. Laborless La"bor*less (?), a. Not involving labor; not laborious; easy. _________________________________________________________________ Page 822 Laborous La"bor*ous (?), a. Laborious. [Obs.] Wyatt. -- La"bor*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Labor-saving La"bor-sav`ing (?), a. Saving labor; adapted to supersede or diminish the labor of men; as, laborsaving machinery. Laborsome La"bor*some (?), a. 1. Made with, or requiring, great labor, pains, or diligence. [Obs.] Shak. 2. (Naut.) Likely or inclined to roll or pitch, as a ship in a heavy sea; having a tendency to labor. Labrador Lab`ra*dor" (?), n. A region of British America on the Atlantic coast, north of Newfoundland. Labrador duck (Zo\'94l.), a sea duck (Camtolaimus Labradorius) allied to the eider ducks. It was formerly common on the coast of New England, but is now supposed to be extinct, no specimens having been reported since 1878. -- Labrador feldspar. See Labradorite. -- Labrador tea (Bot.), a name of two low, evergreen shrubs of the genus Ledum (L. palustre and L. latifolium), found in Northern Europe and America. They are used as tea in British America, and in Scandinavia as a substitute for hops. Labradorite Lab"ra*dor`ite (, n. (Min.) A kind of feldspar commonly showing a beautiful play of colors, and hence much used for ornamental purposes. The finest specimens come from Labrador. See Feldspar. Labras La"bras (?), n. pl. [L.labrum; cf. It. labbro, pl. labbra.] Lips. [Obs. & R.] Shak. Labroid La"broid (?), a. [Labrus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like the genus Labrus; belonging to the family Labrid\'91, an extensive family of marine fishes, often brilliantly colored, which are very abundant in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The tautog and cunner are American examples. Labrose La"brose` (?), a. [L. labrosus, fr. labrum lip.] Having thick lips. Labrum La"brum (?), n.; pl. L. Labra (#), E. Labrums (#). [L.] 1. A lip or edge, as of a basin. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An organ in insects and crustaceans covering the upper part of the mouth, and serving as an upper lip. See Illust. of Hymenoptera. (b) The external margin of the aperture of a shell. See Univalve. Labrus La"brus (?), n.; pl. Labri (-br&imac;). [L., a sort of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine fishes, including the wrasses of Europe. See Wrasse. Laburnic La*bur`nic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the laburnum. La-burnine La-bur`nine (?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid found in the unripe seeds of the laburnum. Laburnum La*bur"num (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A small leguminous tree (Cytisus Laburnum), native of the Alps. The plant is reputed to be poisonous, esp. the bark and seeds. It has handsome racemes of yellow blossoms. NOTE: &hand; Sc otch laburnum (Cytisus alpinus) is similar, but has smooth leaves; purple laburnum is C. purpureus. Labyrinth Lab"y*rinth (?), n. [L. labyrinthus, Gr. laby`rinthos: cf. F. labyrinthe.] 1. An edifice or place full of intricate passageways which render it difficult to find the way from the interior to the entrance; as, the Egyptian and Cretan labyrinths. <-- said to be from from the ax symbol of the "labyrinth" at Knossos, Crete -- a multistoried royal palace with labyrinthine passages between rooms. --> 2. Any intricate or involved inclosure; especially, an ornamental maze or inclosure in a park or garden. 3. Any object or arrangement of an intricate or involved form, or having a very complicated nature. The serpent . . . fast sleeping soon he found, In labyrinth of many a round self-rolled. Milton. The labyrinth of the mind. Tennyson. 4. An inextricable or bewildering difficulty. I' the maze and winding labyrinths o' the world. Denham. 5. (Anat.) The internal ear. See Note under Ear. 6. (Metal.) A series of canals through which a stream of water is directed for suspending, carrying off, and depositing at different distances, the ground ore of a metal. Ure. 7. (Arch.) A pattern or design representing a maze, -- often inlaid in the tiled floor of a church, etc. Syn. -- Maze; confusion; intricacy; windings. -- Labyrinth, Maze. Labyrinth, originally; the name of an edifice or excavation, carries the idea of design, and construction in a permanent form, while maze is used of anything confused or confusing, whether fixed or shifting. Maze is less restricted in its figurative uses than labyrinth. We speak of the labyrinth of the ear, or of the mind, and of a labyrinth of difficulties; but of the mazes of the dance, the mazes of political intrigue, or of the mind being in a maze. Labyrinthal Lab`y*rin"thal (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a labyrinth; intricate; labyrinthian. Labyrinthian Lab`y*rin"thi*an (, a. Intricately winding; like a labyrinth; perplexed; labyrinthal. Labyrinthibranch Lab`y*rin"thi*branch (?), a. [See Labyrinth, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Labyrinthici. -- n. One of the Labyrinthici. Labyrinthic, Labyrinthical Lab`y*rin"thic (?), Lab`y*rin`thic*al (?), a. [L. labyrinthicus: cf. F. labyrinthique.] Like or pertaining to a labyrinth. Labyrinthici Lab`y*rin"thi*ci (?), n. pl. [NL. See Labyrinth.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of teleostean fishes, including the Anabas, or climbing perch, and other allied fishes. NOTE: &hand; Th ey have, connected with the gill chamber, a special cavity in which a labyrinthiform membrane is arranged so as to retain water to supply the gills while the fish leaves the water and travels about on land, or even climbs trees. Labyrinthiform Lab`y*rin"thi*form (?), a. [Labyrinth + -form: cf. F. labyrinthiforme.] Having the form of a labyrinth; intricate. Labyrinthine Lab`y*rin"thine (?), a. Pertaining to, or like, a labyrinth; labyrinthal. Labyrinthodon Lab`y*rin"tho*don (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of very large fossil amphibians, of the Triassic period, having bony plates on the under side of the body. It is the type of the order Labyrinthodonta. Called also Mastodonsaurus. Labyrinthodont Lab`y*rin"tho*dont (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Labyrinthodonta. -- n. One of the Labyrinthodonta. Labyrinthodonta Lab`y*rin`tho*don"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Labyrinthodon.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of Amphibia, including the typical genus Labyrinthodon, and many other allied forms, from the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic formations. By recent writers they are divided into two or more orders. See Stegocephala. Lac, Lakh Lac (?), Lakh (, n. [Hind. lak, l\'bekh, l\'beksh, Skr. laksha a mark, sign, lakh.] One hundred thousand; also, a vaguely great number; as, a lac of rupees. [Written also lack.] [East Indies] Lac Lac, n. [Per. lak; akin to Skr. l\'beksh\'be: cf. F. lague, It. & NL. lacca. Cf. Lake a color, Lacquer, Litmus.] A resinous substance produced mainly on the banyan tree, but to some extent on other trees, by the Coccus lacca<-- now Laccifer lacca -->, a scale-shaped insect, the female of which fixes herself on the bark, and exudes from the margin of her body this resinous substance. NOTE: &hand; St ick-lac is th e su bstance in it s natural state, incrusting small twigs. When broken off, and the coloring matter partly removed, the granular residuum is called seed-lac. When melted, and reduced to a thin crust, it is called shell-lac or shellac. Lac is an important ingredient in sealing wax, dyes, varnishes, and lacquers. Ceylon lac, a resinous exudation of the tree Croton lacciferum, resembling lac. -- Lac dye, a scarlet dye obtained from stick-lac. -- Lac lake, the coloring matter of lac dye when precipitated from its solutions by alum. -- Mexican lac, an exudation of the tree Croton Draco. Laccic Lac"cic (?), a. [Cf. F. laccique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to lac, or produced from it; as, laccic acid. Laccin Lac"cin (?), n. [Cf. F. laccine.] (Chem.) A yellow amorphous substance obtained from lac. Laccolite, Laccolith Lac"co*lite (?), Lac"co*lith (?), n. [Gr. -lite, -lith.] (Geol.) A mass of igneous rock intruded between sedimentary beds and resulting in a mammiform bulging of the overlying strata. -- Lac`co*lit"ic (#), a. Lace Lace (l\'bes), n. [OE. las, OF. laz, F. lacs, dim. lacet, fr. L. laqueus noose, snare; prob. akin to lacere to entice. Cf. Delight, Elicit, Lasso, Latchet.] 1. That which binds or holds, especially by being interwoven; a string, cord, or band, usually one passing through eyelet or other holes, and used in drawing and holding together parts of a garment, of a shoe, of a machine belt, etc. His hat hung at his back down by a lace. Chaucer. For striving more, the more in laces strong Himself he tied. Spenser. 2. A snare or gin, especially one made of interwoven cords; a net. [Obs.] Fairfax. Vulcanus had caught thee [Venus] in his lace. Chaucer. 3. A fabric of fine threads of linen, silk, cotton, etc., often ornamented with figures; a delicate tissue of thread, much worn as an ornament of dress. Our English dames are much given to the wearing of costlylaces. Bacon. 4. Spirits added to coffee or some other beverage. [Old Slang] Addison. Alencon lace, a kind of point lace, entirely of needlework, first made at Alencon in France, in the 17th century. It is very durable and of great beauty and cost. -- Bone lace, Brussels lace, etc. See under Bone, Brussels, etc. -- Gold lace, OR Silver lace, lace having warp threads of silk, or silk and cotton, and a weft of silk threads covered with gold (or silver), or with gilt. -- Lace leather, thin, oil-tanned leather suitable for cutting into lacings for machine belts. -- Lace lizard (Zo\'94l.), a large, aquatic, Australian lizard (Hydrosaurus giganteus), allied to the monitors. -- Lace paper, paper with an openwork design in imitation of lace. -- Lace piece (Shipbuilding), the main piece of timber which supports the beak or head projecting beyond the stem of a ship. -- Lace pillow, AND Pillow lace. See under Pillow. Lace Lace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Laced (\'best); p. pr. & vb. n. Lacing (?).] 1. To fasten with a lace; to draw together with a lace passed through eyelet holes; to unite with a lace or laces, or, figuratively. with anything resembling laces. Shak. When Jenny's stays are newly laced. Prior. 2. To adorn with narrow strips or braids of some decorative material; as, cloth laced with silver. Shak. 3. To beat; to lash; to make stripes on. [Colloq.] I'll lace your coat for ye. L'Estrange. 4. To add spirits to (a beverage). [Old Slang] Lace Lace, v. i. To be fastened with a lace, or laces; as, these boots lace. Lace-bark Lace"-bark` (?), n. (Bot.) A shrub in the West Indies (Lagetta Iintearia); -- so called from the lacelike layers of its inner bark. Laced Laced (?), a. 1. Fastened with a lace or laces; decorated with narrow strips or braid. See Lace, v. t. 2. Decorated with the fabric lace. A shirt with laced ruffles. Fielding. Laced mutton, a prostitute. [Old slang] -- Laced stocking, a strong stocking which can be tightly laced; -- used in cases of weak legs, varicose veins, etc. Dunglison. Laced\'91monian Lac`e*d\'91*mo"ni*an (?), a. [L. Lacedamonius, Gr. Lakedaimo`nios, fr. Lakedai`mwn Laced\'91mon.] Of or pertaining to Laced\'91mon or Sparta, the chief city of Laconia in the Peloponnesus. -- n. A Spartan. [Written also Lacedemonian.] Laceman Lace"man (?), n.; pl. Lacemen (. A man who deals in lace. Lacerable Lac"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. lacerabilis: cf. F. lac\'82rable.] That can be lacerated or torn. Lacerate Lac"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lacerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lacerating ().] [L. laceratus, p. p. of lacerare to lacerate, fr. lacer mangled, lacerated; cf. Gr. slay.] To tear; to rend; to separate by tearing; to mangle; as, to lacerate the flesh. Hence: To afflict; to torture; as, to lacerate the heart. Lacerate, Lacerated Lac"er*ate (?), Lac"er*a`ted (?), p. a. [L. laceratus, p. p.] 1. Rent; torn; mangled; as, a lacerated wound. By each other's fury lacerate Southey. 2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Jagged, or slashed irregularly, at the end, or along the edge. Laceration Lac`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.laceratio: cf. F. lac\'82ration.] 1. The act of lacerating. 2. A breach or wound made by lacerating. Arbuthnot. Lacerative Lac"er*a*tive (?), a. Lacerating, or having the power to lacerate; as, lacerative humors. Harvey. Lacert La"cert (?), n. [OE. lacerte. See Lacertus.] A muscle of the human body. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lacerta La*cer"ta (?), n. [L. lacertus the arm.] A fathom. [Obs.] Domesday Book. Lacerta La*cer"ta, n. [L. a lizard. See Lizard.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of lizards. See Lizard. NOTE: &hand; Fo rmerly it included nearly all the known lizards. It is now restricted to certain diurnal Old World species, like the green lizard (Lacerta viridis) and the sand lizard (L. agilis), of Europe. 2. (Astron.) The Lizard, a northern constellation. Lacertian La*cer"tian (?), a. [Cf. F. lacertien.] (Zo\'94l.) Like a lizard; of or pertaining to the Lacertilia. -- n. One of the Lacertilia. Lacertilia Lac`er*til"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L.lacertus a lizard.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Reptilia, which includes the lizards. NOTE: &hand; Th ey ar e closely related to the snakes, and life the latter, usually have the body covered with scales or granules. They usually have eyelids, and most of then have well-formed legs; but in some groups (amphisb\'91na, glass-snake, etc.) the legs are wanting and the body is serpentlike. None are venomous, unless Heloderma be an exception. The order includes the chameleons, the Cionocrania, or typical lizards, and the amphisb\'91nas. See Amphisb\'91na, Gecko, Gila monster, and Lizard. Lacertilian Lac`er*til"i*an (-an), a. & n. Same as Lacertian. Lacertiloid La*cer"ti*loid (?), a. [Lacertilia + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to the Lacertilia. Lacertine La*cer"tine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Lacertian. Lacertus La*cer"tus (?), n.; pl. Lacerti (-t\'c6). [L., the upper arm.] (Anat.) A bundle or fascicle of muscular fibers. Lacewing Lace"wing` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of neuropterous insects of the genus Chrysopa and allied genera. They have delicate, lacelike wings and brilliant eyes. Their larv\'91 are useful in destroying aphids. Called also lace-winged fly, and goldeneyed fly. Lace-winged Lace"-winged`, a. (Zo\'94l.) Having thin, transparent, reticulated wings; as, the lace-winged flies. Laches, Lache Lach"es (?), Lache (?), n. [OF. lachesse, fr. lache lax, indolent, F. l\'83che, ultimately fr. L. laxus loose, lax. See Lax.] (Law) Neglect; negligence; remissness; neglect to do a thing at the proper time; delay to assert a claim. It ill became him to take advantage of such a laches with the eagerness of a shrewd attorney. Macaulay. Lachrymable Lach"ry*ma*ble (?), a. [L. lacrimabilis, fr. lacrima a tear.] Lamentable. Martin Parker. Lachrym\'91 Christi Lach"ry*m\'91 Chris"ti (?). [L., lit., Christ's tears.] A rich, sweet, red Neapolitan wine. Lachrymal Lach"ry*mal (, a. [Cf. F. lacrymal. See Lachrymose.] 1. Of or pertaining to tears; as, lachrymal effusions. 2. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or secreting, tears; as, the lachrymal gland. (b) Pertaining to the lachrymal organs; as, lachrymal bone; lachrymal duct. Lacrymal, Lacrymal Lac"ry*mal, Lac"ry*mal (?), n. See Lachrymatory. Lachrymary Lach"ry*ma*ry (?), a. Containing, or intended to contain, tears; lachrymal. Addison. Lachrymate Lach"ry*mate (-m\'bet), v. i. To weep. [R.] Blount. Lachrymation Lach`ry*ma"tion (?), n. [L. lacrimatio, from lacrimare to shed tears, fr. lacrima tear.] The act of shedding tears; weeping. Lachrymatory Lach"ry*ma*to*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (#). [Cf. F. lacrymatoire.] (Antiq.) A "tear-bottle;" a narrow-necked vessel found in sepulchers of the ancient Romans; -- so called from a former notion that the tears of the deceased person's friends were collected in it. Called also lachrymal or lacrymal. Lachrymiform Lach"ry*mi*form (?), a, [L.lacrima tear + -form; cf. F. lacrymiforme.] Having the form of a tear; tear-shaped. Lachrymose Lach"ry*mose` (?), a. [L. lacrymosus, better lacrimosus, fr. lacrima, lacruma (also badly spelt lachryma) a tear, for older dacrima, akin to E. tear. See Tear the secretion.] Generating or shedding tears; given to shedding tears; suffused with tears; tearful. You should have seen his lachrymose visnomy. Lamb. -- Lach"ry*mose`ly, adv. _________________________________________________________________ Page 823 Lacing La"cing (?), n. 1. The act of securing, fastening, or tightening, with a lace or laces. 2. A lace; specifically (Mach.), a thong of thin leather for uniting the ends of belts. 3. A rope or line passing through eyelet holes in the edge of a sail or an awning to attach it to a yard, gaff, etc. 4. (Bridge Building) A system of bracing bars, not crossing each other in the middle, connecting the channel bars of a compound strut. Waddell. Lacinia La*cin"i*a (?), n.; pl. L. Lacini\'91 (#). [L., the lappet or flap of a garment.] 1. (Bot.) (a) One of the narrow, jagged, irregular pieces or divisions which form a sort of fringe on the borders of the petals of some flowers. (b) A narrow, slender portion of the edge of a monophyllous calyx, or of any irregularly incised leaf. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The posterior, inner process of the stipes on the maxill\'91 of insects. Laciniate, Laciniated La*cin"i*ate (?), La*cin"i*a"ted (?), a. [See Lacinia.] 1. Fringed; having a fringed border. 2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Cut into deep, narrow, irregular lobes; slashed. Laciniolate La*cin"i*o*late (?), a. [See Lacinia.] (Bot.) Consisting of, or abounding in, very minute lacini\'91. Lacinula La*cin"u*la (?), n.; pl. Lacinul\'91 (#), E. Lacinulas (#). [NL.] (Bot.) A diminutive lacinia. Lack Lack (?), n. [OE. lak; cf. D. lak slander, laken to blame, OHG. lahan, AS. le\'a0n.] 1. Blame; cause of blame; fault; crime; offense. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Deficiency; want; need; destitution; failure; as, a lack of sufficient food. She swooneth now and now for lakke of blood. Chaucer. Let his lack of years be no impediment. Shak. Lack Lack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lacking.] 1. To blame; to find fault with. [Obs.] Love them and lakke them not. Piers Plowman. 2. To be without or destitute of; to want; to need. If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God. James i. 5. Lack Lack, v. i. 1. To be wanting; often, impersonally, with of, meaning, to be less than, short, not quite, etc. What hour now ? I think it lacks of twelve. Shak. Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty. Gen. xvii. 28. 2. To be in want. The young lions do lack, and suffer hunger. Ps. xxxiv. 10. Lack Lack, interj. [Cf. Alack.] Exclamation of regret or surprise. [Prov. Eng.] Cowper. Lackadaisical Lack`a*dai"si*cal (?), a. [From Lackadaisy, interj.] Affectedly pensive; languidly sentimental. -- Lack`a*dai"si*cal*ly, adv. Lackadaisy Lack"a*dai`sy (?), interj. [From Lackaday, interj.] An expression of languor. Lackadaisy Lack"a*dai`sy, a. Lackadaisical. Lackaday Lack"a*day` (?), interj. [Abbreviated from alackaday.] Alack the day; alas; -- an expression of sorrow, regret, dissatisfaction, or surprise. Lackbrain Lack"brain` (?), n. One who is deficient in understanding; a witless person. Shak. Lacker Lack"er (?), n. One who lacks or is in want. Lacker Lack"er, n. & v. See Lacquer. Lackey Lack"ey (?), n.; pl. Lackeys (#). [F. laquais; cf. Sp. & Pg. lacayo; of uncertain origin; perh. of German origin, and akin to E.lick, v.] An attending male servant; a footman; a servile follower. Like a Christian footboy or a gentleman's lackey. Shak. Lackey caterpillar (Zo\'94l.), the caterpillar, or larva, of any bombycid moth of the genus Clisiocampa; -- so called from its party-colored markings. The common European species (C. neustria) is striped with blue, yellow, and red, with a white line on the back. The American species (C. Americana and C. sylvatica) are commonly called tent caterpillars. See Tent caterpillar,under Tent. -- Lackey moth (Zo\'94l.), the moth which produces the lackey caterpillar. Lackey Lack"ey, v. t. To attend as a lackey; to wait upon. A thousand liveried angels lackey her. Milton. Lackey Lack"ey, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lackeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lackeying.] To act or serve as lackey; to pay servile attendance. Lackluster, Lacklustre Lack"lus`ter, Lack"lus`tre (?), n. A want of luster. -- a. Wanting luster or brightness. "Lackluster eye." Shak. Lacmus Lac"mus (?), n. See Litmus. Laconian La*co"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Laconia, a division of ancient Greece; Spartan. -- n. An inhabitant of Laconia; esp., a Spartan. Laconic, Laconical La*con"ic (?), La*con"ic*al (?), a. [L. Laconicus Laconian, Gr. laconique.] 1. Expressing much in few words, after the manner of the Laconians or Spartans; brief and pithy; brusque; epigrammatic. In this sense laconic is the usual form. I grow laconic even beyond laconicism; for sometimes I return only yes, or no, to questionary or petitionary epistles of half a yard long. Pope. His sense was strong and his style laconic. Welwood. 2. Laconian; characteristic of, or like, the Spartans; hence, stern or severe; cruel; unflinching. His head had now felt the razor, his back the rod; all that laconical discipline pleased him well. Bp. Hall. Syn. -- Short; brief; concise; succinct; sententious; pointed; pithy. -- Laconic, Concise. Concise means without irrelevant or superfluous matter; it is the opposite of diffuse. Laconic means concise with the additional quality of pithiness, sometimes of brusqueness. Laconic La*con"ic, n. Laconism. [Obs.] Addison. Laconical La*con"ic*al (?), a. See Laconic, a. Laconically La*con"ic*al*ly, adv. In a laconic manner. LaconIcism La*con"I*cism (?), n. Same as Laconism. Pope. Laconism Lac"o*nism (?), n. [Gr. laconisme.] 1. A vigorous, brief manner of expression; laconic style. 2. An instance of laconic style or expression. Laconize Lac"o*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Laconized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Laconizing (?).] [Gr. Laconic.] To imitate the manner of the Laconians, especially in brief, pithy speech, or in frugality and austerity. Lacquer Lac"quer (?), n. [F. lacre a sort of sealing wax, Pg. lacte, fr. laca lac. See Lac the resin.] [Written also lacker.] A varnish, consisting of a solution of shell-lac in alcohol, often colored with gamboge, saffron, or the like; -- used for varnishing metals, papier-mach\'82, and wood. The name is also given to varnishes made of other ingredients, esp. the tough, solid varnish of the Japanese, with which ornamental objects are made. <-- shell-lac = shellac; it is the prime spelling in this dictionary, though not found in MW10! --> Lacquer Lac"quer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lacquered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lacquering.] To cover with lacquer. "Lacquer'd chair." Pope. Lacquerer Lac"quer*er (?), n. One who lacquers, especially one who makes a business of lacquering. Lacquering Lac"quer*ing, n. The act or business of putting on lacquer; also, the coat of lacquer put on. Lacrimoso La`cri*mo"so (?), a. [It. See Lachrymose.] (Mus.) Plaintive; -- a term applied to a mournful or pathetic movement or style. Moore. Lacrosse La*crosse" (?), n. [F. la crosse, lit., the crosier, hooked stick. Cf. Crosier.] A game of ball, originating among the North American Indians, now the popular field sport of Canada, and played also in England and the United States. Each player carries a long-handled racket, called a "crosse". The ball is not handled but caught with the crosse and carried on it, or tossed from it, the object being to carry it or throw it through one of the goals placed at opposite ends of the field. Lacrymal Lac"ry*mal (?), n. & a. See Lachrymatory, n., and Lachrymal, a. Lacrymary, Lacrytory, Lacrymose Lac"ry*ma*ry, Lac"ry*to*ry, Lac"ry*mose.See Lachrymary, Lachrymatory, Lachrymose. Lactage Lac"tage (?), n. [L. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. laitage. See Lacteal.] The produce of animals yielding milk; milk and that which is made from it. Lactam Lac"tam (?), n. [Lactone + amido.] (Chem.) One of a series of anhydrides of an amido type, analogous to the lactones, as oxindol. Lactamic Lac*tam"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an amido acid related to lactic acid, and called also amido-propionic acid. Lactamide Lac*tam"ide (?), n. [Lactic + amide.] (Chem.) An acid amide derived from lactic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance having a neutral reaction. It is metameric with alanine. Lactant Lac"tant (?), a. [L. lactans, p. pr. of lactare to suck, fr. lac, lactis, milk.] Suckling; giving suck. Lactarene Lac"ta*rene (?), n. [L. lac, lactis, milk.] A preparation of casein from milk, used in printing calico. Lactary Lac"ta*ry (?), a. [l. lactarius, fr. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. lactaire.] Milky; full of white juice like milk. [Obs.] "Lactary or milky plants." Sir T. Browne. Lactary Lac"ta*ry, n. a dairyhouse. [R.] Lactate Lac"tate (?), n. [L. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. lactate.] (Chem.) A salt of lactic acid. Lactation Lac*ta"tion (?), n. A giving suck; the secretion and yielding of milk by the mammary gland. Lacteal Lac"te*al (?), a. [L. lacteus milky, fr. lac, lactis, milk. Cf. Galaxy, Lettuce.] 1. Pertaining to, or resembling, milk; milky; as, the lacteal fluid. 2. (Anat. & Physiol.) Pertaining to, or containing, chyle; as, the lacteal vessels. Lacteal Lac"te*al, n. (Anat.) One of the lymphatic vessels which convey chyle from the small intestine through the mesenteric glands to the thoracic duct; a chyliferous vessel. Lacteally Lac"te*al*ly, adv. Milkily; in the manner of milk. Lactean Lac"te*an (?), a. [See Lacteal.] 1. Milky; consisting of, or resembling, milk. "This lactean whiteness." Moxon. 2. (Anat. & Physiol.) Lacteal; conveying chyle. Lacteous Lac"te*ous (?), a. [See Lacteal.] 1. Milky; resembling milk. "The lacteous circle." Sir T. Browne. 2. Lacteal; conveying chyle; as, lacteous vessels. Lacteously Lac"te*ous*ly, adv. In a lacteous manner; after the manner of milk. Lactescence Lac*tes"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. lactescence.] 1. The state or quality of producing milk, or milklike juice; resemblance to milk; a milky color. This lactescence does commonly ensue when . . . fair water is suddenly poured upon the solution. Boyle. 2. (Bot.) The latex of certain plants. See Latex. Lactescent Lac*tes"cent (?), a. [L. lactescens, p. pr. of lactescere to turn to milk, incho. fr. lactere to be milky, fr. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. lactescent.] 1. Having a milky look; becoming milky. [Obs.] 2. (Bot.) Producing milk or a milklike juice or fluid, as the milkweed. See Latex. Lactic Lac"tic (?), a. [L. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. lactique. See Lacteal, and cf. Galactic.] (Physiol. Chem.) Of or pertaining to milk; procured from sour milk or whey; as, lactic acid; lactic fermentation, etc. Lactic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a sirupy, colorless fluid, soluble in water, with an intensely sour taste and strong acid reaction. There are at least three isomeric modifications all having the formula C3H6O3. Sarcolactic or paralactic acid occurs chiefly in dead muscle tissue, while ordinary lactic acid results from fermentation. The two acids are alike in having the same constitution (expressed by the name ethylidene lactic acid), but the latter is optically inactive, while sarcolactic acid rotates the plane of polarization to the right. The third acid, ethylene lactic acid, accompanies sarcolactic acid in the juice of flesh, and is optically inactive. -- Lactic ferment, an organized ferment (Bacterium lacticum OR lactis), which produces lactic fermentation, decomposing the sugar of milk into carbonic and lactic acids, the latter, of which renders the milk sour, and precipitates the casein, thus giving rise to the so-called spontaneous coagulation of milk. -- Lactic fermentation. See under Fermentation. <-- the three are D-lactic acid, L-lactic acid, and DL-lactic acid, the third being merely an equimolar mixture of the first two. --> Lactide Lac"tide (?), n. [Lactic + anhydride.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline substance, obtained from also, by extension, any similar substance. Lactiferous Lac*tif"er*ous (?), a. [l. lac, lactis, milk + -ferous: cf. F. lactif\'8are.] Bearing or containing milk or a milky fluid; as, the lactiferous vessels, cells, or tissue of various vascular plants. Lactific, Lactifical Lac*tif"ic (?), Lac*tif"ic*al (?), a. [L. lac, lactis, milk + facere to make.] Producing or yielding milk. Lactifuge Lac"ti*fuge (?), n. [L. lac, lactis, milk + fugare to expel.] (Med.) A medicine to check the secretion of milk, or to dispel a supposed accumulation of milk in any part of the body. Lactim Lac"tim (?), n. [Lactic + imido.] (Chem.) One of a series of anhydrides resembling the lactams, but of an imido type; as, isatine is a lactim. Cf. Lactam. Lactimide Lac*tim"ide (?), n. [Lactic + imide.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline substance obtained as an anhydride of alanine, and regarded as an imido derivative of lactic acid. Lactin Lac"tin (?), n. [L. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. lactine. Cf. Galactin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Lactose. Lactoabumin Lac`to*a*bu"min (?), n. [L. lac, lactis, milk + E. albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) The albumin present on milk, apparently identical with ordinary serum albumin. It is distinct from the casein of milk. Lactobutyrometer Lac`to*bu`ty*rom"e*ter (?), n. [L. lac, lactis, milk + E. butyrometer.] An instrument for determining the amount of butter fat contained in a given sample of milk. Lactodensimeter Lac`to*den*sim"e*ter (?), n. [L. lac, lactis, milk + E. densimeter.] A form of hydrometer, specially graduated, for finding the density of milk, and thus discovering whether it has been mixed with water or some of the cream has been removed. Lactometer Lac*tom"e*ter (?), n. [L. lac, lactis, milk + meter: cf. F. lactom\'8atre. Cf. Galactometer.] An instrument for estimating the purity or richness of milk, as a measuring glass, a specific gravity bulb, or other apparatus. Lactone Lac"tone (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of organic compounds, regarded as anhydrides of certain hydroxy acids. In general, they are colorless liquids, having a weak aromatic odor. They are so called because the typical lactone is derived from lactic acid. Lactonic Lac*ton"ic (?), a. [From Lactone.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, lactone. Lactonic Lac*ton"ic, a. [From Lactose.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the oxidation of milk sugar (lactose). Lactoprotein Lac`to*pro"te*in (?), n. [L.lac, lactis,milk + E. protein.] (Physiol. Chem.) A peculiar albuminous body considered a normal constituent of milk. Lactory Lac"to*ry (?), a. Lactiferous. [Obs.] "Lactory or milky plants." Sir T. Browne. Lactoscope Lac"to*scope (?), n. [L. lac, lactis + scope.] An instrument for estimating the amount of cream contained in milk by ascertaining its relative opacity. Lactose Lac"tose` (?), n. 1. (Physiol. Chem.) Sugar of milk or milk sugar; a crystalline sugar present in milk, and separable from the whey by evaporation and crystallization. It has a slightly sweet taste, is dextrorotary, and is much less soluble in water than either cane sugar or glucose. Formerly called lactin. 2. (Chem.) See Galactose. Lactuca Lac*tu"ca (?), n. [L., lettuce. See Lettuce.] (Bot.) A genus of composite herbs, several of which are cultivated foe salad; lettuce. Lactucarium Lac`tu*ca"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. lactuca lettuce.] The inspissated juice of the common lettuce, sometimes used as a substitute for opium. Lactucic Lac*tu"cic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the juice of the Lactuca virosa; -- said of certain acids. Lactucin Lac*tu"cin (?), n. [From Lactuca: cf. F. lactucine.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline substance, having a bitter taste and a neutral reaction, and forming one of the essential ingredients of lactucarium. Lactucone Lac*tu"cone (?), n. [From Lactuca.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, tasteless substance, found in the milky sap of species of Lactuca, and constituting an essential ingredient of lactucarium. Lacturamic Lac`tu*ram"ic (, a. [Lactic + urea + amic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic amido acid, which is regarded as a derivative of lactic acid and urea. Lactyl Lac"tyl (?), n. [Lactic + -yl.] (Chem.) An organic residue or radical derived from lactic acid. Lacuna La*cu"na (?), n.; pl. L. Lacun\'91 (#); E. Lacunas (#). [L., ditch, pit, lake, orig., anything hollow. See Lagoon.] 1. A small opening; a small pit or depression; a small blank space; a gap or vacancy; a hiatus. 2. (Biol.) A small opening; a small depression or cavity; a space, as a vacant space between the cells of plants, or one of the spaces left among the tissues of the lower animals, which serve in place of vessels for the circulation of the body fluids, or the cavity or sac, usually of very small size, in a mucous membrane. _________________________________________________________________ Page 824 Lacunal, Lacunar La*cu"nal (?), La*cu"nar (?), a. Pertaining to, or having, lacun\'91; as, a lacunar circulation. Lacunar La*cu"nar, n.; pl. E. Lacunars (#), L. Lacunaria (#). [L.] (Arch.) (a) The ceiling or under surface of any part, especially when it consists of compartments, sunk or hollowed without spaces or bands between the panels. Gwilt (b) One of the sunken panels in such a ceiling. Lacune La*cune" (?), n. [F.] A lacuna. [R.] Landor. Lacunose, Lacunous Lac"u*nose` (?), La*cu"nous (?), a. [L. lacunosus full of holes or hollows; cf. F. lacuneux. See Lacuna.] (Biol.) Furrowed or pitted; having shallow cavities or lacun\'91; as, a lacunose leaf. Lacustral, Lacustrine La*cus"tral (?), La*cus"trine (?), a. [L. lacus lake: cf. F. lacustral, lacustre.] Found in, or pertaining to, lakes or ponds, or growing in them; as, lacustrine flowers. Lacustrine deposits (Geol.), the deposits which have been accumulated in fresh-water areas. -- Lacustrine dwellings. See Lake dwellings, under Lake. Lacwork Lac"work` (?), n. Ornamentation by means of lacquer painted or carved, or simply colored, sprinkled with gold or the like; -- said especially of Oriental work of this kind. Lad Lad (?), obs. p. p. of Lead, to guide Chaucer. Lad Lad (?), n. [OE. ladde, of Celtic origin; cf. W. , Ir. lath. (. Cf. Lass.] 1. A boy; a youth; a stripling. "Cupid is a knavish lad." Shak. There is a lad here, which hath fire barley loaves and two small fishes. John vi. 9. 2. A companion; a comrade; a mate. Lad's love. (Bot.) See Boy's love, under Boy. Ladanum Lad"a*num (?), n. [L. ladanum, ledanum, Fr. (l\'bedan, l\'beden. Cf. Laudanum.] A gum resin gathered from certain Oriental species of Cistus. It has a pungent odor and is chiefly used in making plasters, and for fumigation. [Written also labdanum.] Ladde Lad"de (?), obs. imp. of Lead, to guide. Chaucer. Ladder Lad"der (?), n. [OE. laddre, AS. hl, hl; akin to OFries. hladder, OHG.leitara, G. leiter, and from the root of E. lean, v. (Lean, v. i., and cf. Climax.] 1. A frame usually portable, of wood, metal, or rope, for ascent and descent, consisting of two side pieces to which are fastened cross strips or rounds forming steps. Some the engines play, And some, more bold, mount ladders to the fire. Dryden. 2. That which resembles a ladder in form or use; hence, that by means of which one attains to eminence. Lowliness is young ambition's ladder. Shak. Fish ladder. See under Fish. -- Ladder beetle (Zo\'94l.), an American leaf beetle (Chrysomela scalaris). The elytra are silvery white, striped and spotted with green; the under wings are rose-colored. It feeds upon the linden tree. -- Ladder handle, an iron rail at the side of a vertical fixed ladder, to grasp with the hand in climbing. -- Ladder shell (Zo\'94l.), a spiral marine shell of the genus Scalaria. See Scalaria. Laddie Lad"die (?), n. A lad; a male sweetheart. [Scot.] Lade Lade (?), v. t. [imp. Laded; p. p. Laded, Laded (; p. pr. & vb. n. Lading.] [AS. hladan to heap, load, draw (water); akin to D. & G. laden to load, OHG. hladan, ladan, Icel. hla, Sw. ladda, Dan. lade, Goth. afhlapan. Cf. Load, Ladle, Lathe for turning, Last a load.] 1. To load; to put a burden or freight on or in; -- generally followed by that which receives the load, as the direct object. And they laded their asses with the corn. Gen. xlii. 26. 2. To throw in out. with a ladle or dipper; to dip; as, to lade water out of a tub, or into a cistern. And chides the sea that sunders him from thence, Saying, he'll lade it dry to have his way. Shak. 3. (Plate Glass Manuf.) To transfer (the molten glass) from the pot to the forming table. Lade Lade, v. i. [See Lade, v. t.] 1. To draw water. [Obs.] 2. (Naut.) To admit water by leakage, as a ship, etc. Lade Lade, n. [Prov. E., a ditch or drain. Cf. Lode, Lead to conduct.] 1. The mouth of a river. [Obs.] Bp. Gibson. 2. A passage for water; a ditch or drain. [Prov. Eng.] Lademan Lade"man (?), n. One who leads a pack horse; a miller's servant. [Obs. or Local] Laden Lad"en (?), p. & a. Loaded; freighted; burdened; as, a laden vessel; a laden heart. Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity. Is. i. 4. A ship laden with gold. Shak. Ladied La"died (?), a. Ladylike; not rough; gentle. [Obs.] "Stroked with a ladied land." Feltham. Ladies' eardrops La"dies' ear`drops` (?). (Bot.) The small-flowered Fuchsia (F. coccinea), and other closely related species. Ladify La"di*fy (?), v. t. [Lady + -fy.] To make a lady of; to make ladylike. [Obs.] Massinger. Ladin La*din" (?), n. [From L. Latinus Latin. See Latin] A Romansch dialect spoken in some parts of Switzerland and the Tyrol. Lading Lad"ing (?), n. 1. The act of loading. 2. That which lades or constitutes a load or cargo; freight; burden; as, the lading of a ship. Bill of lading. See under Bill. Ladino La*di"no (?), n.; pl. Ladinos (#). [Sp.] One of the half-breed descendants of whites and Indians; a mestizo; -- so called throughout Central America. They are usually of a yellowish orange tinge. Am. Cyc. Ladkin Lad"kin (?), n. A little lad. [R.] Dr. H. More. Ladle La"dle (?), n. [AS.hl\'91del, fr. hladan to load, drain. See Lade, v. t.] 1. A cuplike spoon, often of large size, with a long handle, used in lading or dipping. When the materials of glass have been kept long in fusion, the mixture casts up the superfluous salt, which the workmen take off with ladles. Boyle. 2. (Founding) A vessel to carry liquid metal from the furnace to the mold. 3. The float of a mill wheel; -- called also ladle board. 4. (Gun.) (a) An instrument for drawing the charge of a cannon. (b) A ring, with a handle or handles fitted to it, for carrying shot. Ladle wood (Bot.), the wood of a South African tree (Cassine Colpoon), used for carving. Ladle La"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ladled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ladling (?).] To take up and convey in a ladle; to dip with, or as with, a ladle; as, to ladle out soup; to ladle oatmeal into a kettle. Ladleful La"dle*ful (?), n.; pl. Ladlefuls (. A quantity sufficient to fill a ladle. Ladrone La*drone" (?), n. [Sp. ladron, L. latro servant, robber, Gr. ( A robber; a pirate; hence, loosely, a rogue or rascal. Lady La"dy (?), n.; pl. Ladies (#). [OE. ladi, l\'91fdi, AS. hl, hl; AS. hl\'bef loaf + a root of uncertain origin, possibly akin to E. dairy. See Loaf, and cf. Lord.] 1. A woman who looks after the domestic affairs of a family; a mistress; the female head of a household. Agar, the handmaiden of Sara, whence comest thou, and whither goest thou? The which answered, Fro the face of Sara my lady. Wyclif (Gen. xvi. 8.). 2. A woman having proprietary rights or authority; mistress; -- a feminine correlative of lord. "Lord or lady of high degree." Lowell. Of all these bounds, even from this line to this, . . . We make thee lady. Shak. 3. A woman to whom the particular homage of a knight was paid; a woman to whom one is devoted or bound; a sweetheart. The soldier here his wasted store supplies, And takes new valor from his lady's eyes. Waller. 4. A woman of social distinction or position. In England, a title prefixed to the name of any woman whose husband is not of lower rank than a baron, or whose father was a nobleman not lower than an earl. The wife of a baronet or knight has the title of Lady by courtesy, but not by right. 5. A woman of refined or gentle manners; a well-bred woman; -- the feminine correlative of gentleman. 6. A wife; -- not now in approved usage. Goldsmith. 7. (Zo\'94l.) The triturating apparatus in the stomach of a lobster; -- so called from a fancied resemblance to a seated female figure. It consists of calcareous plates. Ladies' man, a man who affects the society of ladies. -- Lady altar, an altar in a lady chapel. Shipley. -- Lady chapel, a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary. -- Lady court, the court of a lady of the manor. -- Lady court, the court of a lady of the manor. -- Lady crab (Zo\'94l.), a handsomely spotted swimming crab (Platyonichus ocellatus) very common on the sandy shores of the Atlantic coast of the United States. -- Lady fern. (Bot.) See Female fern, under Female, and Illust. of Fern. -- Lady in waiting, a lady of the queen's household, appointed to wait upon or attend the queen. -- Lady Mass, a Mass said in honor of the Virgin Mary. Shipley. Lady of the manor, a lady having jurisdiction of a manor; also, the wife of a manor lord. Lady's maid, a maidservant who dresses and waits upon a lady. Thackeray. -- Our Lady, the Virgin Mary. Lady La"dy, a. Belonging or becoming to a lady; ladylike. "Some lady trifles." Shak. Ladybird La"dy*bird` (?), n. [Equiv. to, bird of Our Lady.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small beetles of the genus Coccinella and allied genera (family Coccinellid\'91); -- called also ladybug, ladyclock, lady cow, lady fly, and lady beetle. Coccinella seplempunctata in one of the common European species. See Coccinella. NOTE: &hand; Th e la dybirds are usually more or less hemispherical in form, with a smooth, polished surface, and often colored red, brown, or black, with small spots of brighter colors. Both the larv\'91 and the adult beetles of most species feed on aphids, and for this reason they are very beneficial to agriculture and horticulture. Ladybug La"dy*bug` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Ladybird. Ladyclock La"dy*clock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Ladyrird. Lady La"dy` (?). The day of the annunciation of the Virgin Mary, March 25. See Annunciation. Ladyfish La"dy*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large, handsome oceanic fish (Albula vulpes), found both in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans; -- called also bonefish, grubber, French mullet, and macab\'82. (b) A labroid fish (Harpe rufa) of Florida and the West Indies. Ladyhood La"dy*hood (?), n. The state or quality of being a lady; the personality of a lady. Lady-killer La"dy-kill`er (?), n. A gallant who captivates the hearts of women. "A renowned dandy and lady-killer." Blackw. Mag. Lady-killing La"dy-kill`ing, n. The art or practice of captivating the hearts of women. Better for the sake of womankind that this dangerous dog should leave off lady-killing. Thackeray. Ladykin La"dy*kin (?), n. [Lady + -kin.] A little lady; -- applied by the writers of Queen Elizabeth's time, in the abbreviated form Lakin, to the Virgin Mary. NOTE: &hand; Th e di minutive do es no t re fer to si ze, bu t is equivalent to "dear." Brewer. Ladylike La"dy*like` (?), a. 1. Like a lady in appearance or manners; well-bred. She was ladylike, too, after the manner of the feminine gentility of those days. Hawthorne. 2. Becoming or suitable to a lady; as, ladylike manners. "With fingers ladylike." Warner. 3. Delicate; tender; feeble; effeminate. Too ladylike a long fatigue to bear. Dryden. Ladylikeness La"dy*like`ness (?), n. The quality or state of being ladylike. Ladylove La"dy*love` (?), n. A sweetheart or mistress. Lady's bedstraw La"dy's bed"straw` (?), (Bot.) The common bedstraw (Galium verum); also, a slender-leaved East Indian shrub (Pharnaceum Mollugo), with white flowers in umbels. Lady's bower La"dy's bow"er (?). (Bot.) A climbing plant with fragrant blossoms (Clematis vitalba). NOTE: &hand; Th is term is sometimes applied to other plants of the same genus. Lady's comb La"dy's comb" (?), (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Scandix Pecten-Veneris), its clusters of long slender fruits remotely resembling a comb. Lady's cushion La"dy's cush"ion (?), (Bot.) An herb growing in dense tufts; the thrift (Armeria vulgaris). Lady's finger La"dy's fin"ger (?), 1. pl. (Bot.) The kidney vetch. 2. (Cookery) A variety of small cake of about the dimensions of a finger. 3. A long, slender variety of the potato. 4. (Zo\'94l.) One of the branchi\'91 of the lobster. Lady's garters La"dy's gar"ters (?). (Bot.) Ribbon grass. Lady's hair La"dy's hair" (?). (Bot.) A plant of the genus Briza (B. media); a variety of quaking grass. Ladyship La"dy*ship (?), n. The rank or position of a lady; -- given as a title (preceded by her or your.) Your ladyship shall observe their gravity. B. Jonson. Lady's laces La"dy's la"ces (?). (Bot.) A slender climbing plant; dodder. Lady's looking-glass La"dy's look"ing-glass` (?). (Bot.) See Venus's looking-glass, under Venus. Lady's mantle La"dy's man"tle (?). (Bot.) A genus of rosaceous herbs (Alchemilla), esp. the European A. vulgaris, which has leaves with rounded and finely serrated lobes. Lady's seal La"dy's seal" (?).(Bot.) (a) The European Solomon's seal (Polygonatum verticillatum). (b) The black bryony (Tamus communis). Lady's slipper La"dy's slip"per (?). (Bot.) Any orchidaceous plant of the genus Cypripedium, the labellum of which resembles a slipper. Less commonly, in the United States, the garden balsam (Impatiens Balsamina). Lady's smock La"dy's smock" (?). (Bot.) A plant of the genus Cardamine (C. pratensis); cuckoo flower. Lady's thimble La"dy's thim"ble (?). (Bot.) The harebell. Lady's thumb La"dy's thumb" (?). (Bot.) An annual weed (Polygonum Persicaria), having a lanceolate leaf with a dark spot in the middle. Lady's traces, Ladies' tresses La"dy's tra"ces (?), La"dies' tress"es (?). (Bot.) A name given to several species of the orchidaceous genus Spiranthes, in which the white flowers are set in spirals about a slender axis and remotely resemble braided hair. L\'91laps L\'91"laps (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ( (Paleon.) A genus of huge, carnivorous, dinosaurian reptiles from the Cretaceous formation of the United States. They had very large hind legs and tail, and are supposed to have been bipedal. Some of the species were about eighteen feet high. Laemmergeyer Laem"mer*gey`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Lammergeir. L\'91modipod L\'91*mod"i*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the L\'91modipoda. L\'91modipoda L\'91`mo*dip"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of amphipod Crustacea, in which the abdomen is small or rudimentary and the legs are often reduced to five pairs. The whale louse, or Cyamus, and Caprella are examples. L\'91modipodous L\'91`mo*dip"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the L\'91modipoda. L\'91tere Sunday L\'91*te"re Sun"day (?). The fourth Sunday of Lent; -- so named from the Latin word L\'91tare (rejoice), the first word in the antiphone of the introit sung that day in the Roman Catholic service. L\'91vigate L\'91v"i*gate (?), a. [See Levigate.] (Biol.) Having a smooth surface, as if polished. L\'91vo- L\'91"vo- (?). A prefix. See Levo. L\'91vorotatory L\'91"vo*ro"ta*to*ry (?), a. Same as Levorotatory. Cf. Dextrorotatory. L\'91vulose L\'91v"u*lose` (?), n. (Chem.) See Levulose. Lafayette La`fa`yette" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The dollar fish. (b) A market fish, the goody, or spot (Liostomus xanthurus), of the southern coast of the United States. Laft Laft (?), obs. p. p. of Leave. Chaucer. Lafte Laf"te (?), obs. imp. of Leave. Chaucer. Lag Lag (?), a. [Of Celtic origin: cf. Gael. & Ir. lagweak, feeble, faint, W. llag, llac, slack, loose, remiss, sluggish; prob. akin to E. lax, languid.] 1. Coming tardily after or behind; slow; tardy. [Obs.] Came too lag to see him buried. Shak. 2. Last; long-delayed; -- obsolete, except in the phrase lag end. "The lag end of my life." Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 825 3. Last made; hence, made of refuse; inferior. [Obs.] "Lag souls." Dryden. Lag Lag (?), n. 1. One who lags; that which comes in last. [Obs.] "The lag of all the flock." Pope. 2. The fag-end; the rump; hence, the lowest class. The common lag of people. Shak. 3. The amount of retardation of anything, as of a valve in a steam engine, in opening or closing. 4. A stave of a cask, drum, etc.; especially (Mach.), one of the narrow boards or staves forming the covering of a cylindrical object, as a boiler, or the cylinder of a carding machine or a steam engine. 5. (Zo\'94l.) See Graylag. Lag of the tide, the interval by which the time of high water falls behind the mean time, in the first and third quarters of the moon; -- opposed to priming of the tide, or the acceleration of the time of high water, in the second and fourth quarters; depending on the relative positions of the sun and moon. -- Lag screw, an iron bolt with a square head, a sharp-edged thread, and a sharp point, adapted for screwing into wood; a screw for fastening lags. Lag Lag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lagging (?).] To walk or more slowly; to stay or fall behind; to linger or loiter. "I shall not lag behind." Milton. Syn. -- To loiter; linger; saunter; delay; be tardy. Lag Lag, v. t. 1. To cause to lag; to slacken. [Obs.] "To lag his flight." Heywood. 2. (Mach.) To cover, as the cylinder of a steam engine, with lags. See Lag, n., 4. Lag Lag, n. One transported for a crime. [Slang, Eng.] Lag Lag, v. t. To transport for crime. [Slang, Eng.] She lags us if we poach. De Quincey. Lagan La"gan (?), n. & v. See Ligan. Lagarto La*gar"to (?), n. [See Alligator.] An alligator. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Lagena La*ge"na (?), n.; pl. L. Lagen\'91 (#), E. Lagenas (#). [L., a flask; cf. Gr. (Anat.) The terminal part of the cochlea in birds and most reptiles; an appendage of the sacculus, corresponding to the cochlea, in fishes and amphibians. Lagenian La*ge"ni*an (?), a. [See Lagena.] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, Lagena, a genus of Foraminifera having a straight, chambered shell. Lageniform La*ge"ni*form (?), a. [See Lagena, and -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a bottle or flask; flag-shaped. Lager La"ger (?), n. Lager beer. Lager beer La"ger beer` (?). [G. lager bed, storehouse + bier beer. See Lair, and Beer.] Originally a German beer, but now also made in immense quantities in the United States; -- so called from its being laid up or stored for some months before use. Lager wine La"ger wine` (?). Wine which has been kept for some time in the cellar. Simmonds. Laggard Lag"gard (?), a. [Lag + -ard.] Slow; sluggish; backward. Laggard Lag"gard, n. One who lags; a loiterer. Lagger Lag"ger (?), n. A laggard. Lagging Lag"ging (?), n. 1. (Mach.) The clothing (esp., an outer, wooden covering), as of a steam cylinder, applied to prevent the radiation of heat; a covering of lags; -- called also deading and cleading. 2. Lags, collectively; narrow planks extending from one rib to another in the centering of arches. Laggingly Lag"ging*ly, adv. In a lagging manner; loiteringly. Lagly Lag"ly (?), adv. Laggingly. [Prov. Eng.] Lagomorph Lag"o*morph (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Lagomorpha. Lagemorpha Lag`e*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of rodents, including the hares. They have four incisors in the upper jaw. Called also Duplicidentata. Lagoon La*goon" (?), n. [It. or Sp. laguna, L. lacuna ditch, pool, pond,lacus lake. See Lake, and cf. Lacuna.] [Written also lagune.] 1. A shallow sound, channel, pond, or lake, especially one into which the sea flows; as, the lagoons of Venice. 2. A lake in a coral island, often occupying a large portion of its area, and usually communicating with the sea. See Atoll. Lagoon island, a coral island consisting of a narrow reef encircling a lagoon. Lagophthalmia, Lagophthalmos Lag`oph*thal"mi*a (?), Lag`oph*thal"mos (?), n. [NL. lagophtalmia, fr. Gr. lagw`s hare + 'ofqalmo`s eye; -- so called from the notion that a hare sleeps with his eyes open.] (Med.) A morbid condition in which the eye stands wide open, giving a peculiar staring appearance. Lagopous La*go"pous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having a dense covering of long hair, like the foot of a hare. Lagune La*gune" (?), n. See Lagoon. Laic, Laical La"ic (?), La"ic*al (?), a. [L. laicus: cf. F. la\'8bque. See Lay laic.] Of or pertaining to a layman or the laity. "Laical literature." Lowell. An unprincipled, unedified, and laic rabble. Milton. Laic La"ic, n. A layman. Bp. Morton. Laicality La"ic*al"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being laic; the state or condition of a layman. Laically La"ic*al*ly (?), adv. As a layman; after the manner of a layman; as, to treat a matter laically. Laid Laid (?), imp. & p. p. of Lay. Laid paper, paper marked with parallel lines or water marks, as if ribbed, from parallel wires in the mold. It is called blue laid, cream laid, etc., according to its color. Laidly Laid"ly, a. Ugly; loathsome. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] This laidly and loathsome worm. W. Howitt. Lain Lain (?), p. p. of Lie, v. i. Lainere Lain"ere (?), n. See Lanier. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lair Lair (?), n. [OE. leir, AS. leger; akin to D. leger, G. lager couch, lair, OHG. laga, Goth. ligrs, and to E. lie. See Lie to be prostrate, and cf. Layer, Leaguer.] 1. A place in which to lie or rest; especially, the bed or couch of a wild beast. 2. A burying place. [Scot.] Jamieson. 3. A pasture; sometimes, food. [Obs.] Spenser. Laird Laird (?), n. [See Lord.] A lord; a landholder, esp. one who holds land directly of the crown. [Scot.] Lairdship Laird"ship, n. The state of being a laird; an estate; landed property. [Scot.] Ramsay. Laism La"ism (?), n. See Lamaism. [R.] Laissez faire Lais`sez" faire" (?). [F., let alone.] Noninterference; -- an axiom of some political economists, deprecating interference of government by attempts to foster or regulate commerce, manufactures, etc., by bounty or by restriction; as, the doctrine of laissez faire; the laissez faire system government. Lai-ty La"i-ty (?), n. [See Lay, a.] 1. The people, as distinguished from the clergy; the body of the people not in orders. A rising up of the laity against the sacerdotal caste. Macaulay. 2. The state of a layman. [Obs.] Ayliffe. 3. Those who are not of a certain profession, as law or medicine, in distinction from those belonging to it. Lakao La*ka"o (?), n. Sap green. [China] Lake Lake (?), n. [F. laque, fr. Per. See Lac.] A pigment formed by combining some coloring matter, usually by precipitation, with a metallic oxide or earth, esp. with aluminium hydrate; as, madder lake; Florentine lake; yellow lake, etc. Lake Lake, n. [Cf. G. laken.] A kind of fine white linen, formerly in use. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lake Lake (?), v. i. [AS. l\'becan, l\'91can, to spring, jump, l\'bec play, sport, or fr. Icel. leika to play, sport; both akin to Goth. laikan to dance. &root;120. Cf. Knowledge.] To play; to sport. [Prov. Eng.] Lake Lake, n. [AS. lac, L. lacus; akin to AS. lagu lake, sea, Icel. l\'94gr; OIr. loch; cf. Gr. Loch, Lough.] A large body of water contained in a depression of the earth's surface, and supplied from the drainage of a more or less extended area. NOTE: &hand; La kes ar e for the most part of fresh water; the salt lakes, like the Great Salt Lake of Utah, have usually no outlet to the ocean. Lake dwellers (Ethnol.), people of a prehistoric race, or races, which inhabited different parts of Europe. Their dwellings were built on piles in lakes, a short distance from the shore. Their relics are common in the lakes of Switzerland. -- Lake dwellings (Arch\'91ol.), dwellings built over a lake, sometimes on piles, and sometimes on rude foundations kept in place by piles; specifically, such dwellings of prehistoric times. Lake dwellings are still used by many savage tribes. Called also lacustrine dwellings. See Crannog. -- Lake fly (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of dipterous flies of the genus Chironomus. In form they resemble mosquitoes, but they do not bite. The larv\'91 live in lakes. -- Lake herring (Zo\'94l.), the cisco (Coregonus Artedii). -- Lake poets, Lake school, a collective name originally applied in contempt, but now in honor, to Southey, Coleridge, and Wordsworth, who lived in the lake country of Cumberland, England, Lamb and a few others were classed with these by hostile critics. Called also lakers and lakists. -- Lake sturgeon (Zo\'94l.), a sturgeon (Acipenser rubicundus), of moderate size, found in the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. It is used as food. -- Lake trout (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of trout and salmon; in Europe, esp. Salmo fario; in the United States, esp. Salvelinus namaycush of the Great Lakes, and of various lakes in New York, Eastern Maine, and Canada. A large variety of brook trout (S. fontinalis), inhabiting many lakes in New England, is also called lake trout. See Namaycush. -- Lake whitefish. (Zo\'94l.) See Whitefish. -- Lake whiting (Zo\'94l.), an American whitefish (Coregonus Labradoricus), found in many lakes in the Northern United States and Canada. It is more slender than the common whitefish. Lake-dweller Lake"-dwell`er (?), n. See Lake dwellers, under Lake. Lakelet Lake"let (?), n. A little lake. Southey. Lakeweed Lake"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) The water pepper (Polygonum Hydropiper), an aquatic plant of Europe and North America. Lakh Lakh (?), n. Same as Lac, one hundred thousand. Lakin La"kin (?), n. See Ladykin. Lakke Lak"ke (?), n. & v. See Lack. [Obs.] Chaucer. Laky Lak"y (?), a. Pertaining to a lake. Sir W. Scott. Laky Lak"y, a. [From Lake the pigment.] Transparent; -- said of blood rendered transparent by the action of some solvent agent on the red blood corpuscles. Lallation Lal*la"tion (?), n. [L. lallare to sing lalla, or lullaby: cf. F. lallation.] An imperfect enunciation of the letter r, in which it sounds like l. Lalo La"lo (?), n. The powdered leaves of the baobab tree, used by the Africans to mix in their soup, as the southern negroes use powdered sassafras. Cf. Couscous. Lam Lam (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lammed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lamming.] [Icel. lemja to beat, or lama to bruise, both fr. lami, lama, lame. See Lame.] To beat soundly; to thrash. [Obs. or Low] Beau. & Fl. Lama La"ma (?; 277), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Llama. Lama La"ma, n. [Thibet. blama (pronounced l\'84\'b6ma) a chief, a high priest.] In Thibet, Mongolia, etc., a priest or monk of the belief called Lamaism. The Grand Lama, OR Dalai Lama [lit., Ocean Lama], the supreme pontiff in the lamaistic hierarchy. See Lamaism. Lamaic La"ma*ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Lamaism. Lamaism La"ma*ism (?), n. A modified form of Buddhism which prevails in Thibet, Mongolia, and some adjacent parts of Asia; -- so called from the name of its priests. See 2d Lama. Lamaist, Lamaite La"ma*ist (?), La"ma*ite (?) n. One who believes in Lamaism. Lamaistic La`ma*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Lamaism. Lamantin La*man"tin (?), n. [F. lamantin, lamentin, prob. from the name of the animal in the Antilles. Cf. Manater.] (Zo\'94l.) The manatee. [Written also lamentin, and lamantine.] Lamarckian La*marck"i*an (?), a. Pertaining to, or involved in, the doctrines of Lamarckianism. Lamarckianism La*marck"i*an*ism (?), n. (Biol.) Lamarckism. Lamarckism La"marck"ism (?), n. [From Lamarck, a distinguished French naturalist.] (Biol.) The theory that structural variations, characteristic of species and genera, are produced in animals and plants by the direct influence of physical environments, and esp., in the case of animals, by effort, or by use or disuse of certain organs. Lamasery La"ma*ser*y (?), n. [See 2d Lama.] A mo Lamb Lamb (?), n. [AS. lamb; akin to D. & Dan. lam, G. & Sw. lamm, OS., Goth., & Icel. lamb.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The young of the sheep. 2. Any person who is as innocent or gentle as a lamb. 3. A simple, unsophisticated person; in the cant of the Stock Exchange, one who ignorantly speculates and is victimized. Lamb of God, The Lamb (Script.), the Jesus Christ, in allusion to the paschal lamb. The twelve apostles of the Lamb. Rev. xxi. 14. Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. John i. 29. -- Lamb's lettuce (Bot.), an annual plant with small obovate leaves (Valerianella olitoria), often used as a salad; corn salad. [Written also lamb lettuce.] -- Lamb's tongue, a carpenter's plane with a deep narrow bit, for making curved grooves. Knight. -- Lamb's wool. (a) The wool of a lamb. (b) Ale mixed with the pulp of roasted apples; -- probably from the resemblance of the pulp of roasted apples to lamb's wool. [Obs.] Goldsmith. Lamb Lamb (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lambed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lambing.] To bring forth a lamb or lambs, as sheep. Lambale Lamb"ale` (?), n. A feast at the time of shearing lambs. Lambaste Lam*baste" (?), v. t. [Lam + baste to beat.] To beat severely. [Low] Nares. Lambative Lam"ba*tive (?), a. [L. lambere to lick. See Lambent.] Taken by licking with the tongue. "Sirups and lambative medicines." Sir T. Browne. Lambative Lam"ba*tive, n. A medicine taken by licking with the tongue; a lincture. Wiseman. Lambda Lamb"da (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 1. The name of the Greek letter , l, corresponding with the English letter L, l. 2. (Anat.) The point of junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures of the skull. Lambda moth (Zo\'94l.), a moth so called from a mark on its wings, resembling the Greek letter lambda (). Lambdacism Lamb"da*cism (?), n. [L. lambdacismus, Gr. la`mbda the letter lambda ().] 1. A fault in speaking or in composition, which consists in too frequent use of the letter l, or in doubling it erroneously. 2. A defect in pronunciation of the letter l when doubled, which consists in giving it a sound as if followed by y, similar to that of the letters lli in billion. 3. The use of the sound of l for that of r in pronunciation; lallation; as, Amelican for American. Lambdoid Lamb"doid (?), a. [Gr. la`mbda the letter lambda () + e"i^dos shape.] Shaped like the Greek letter lambda (); as, the lambdoid suture between the occipital and parietal bones of the skull. Lambdoidal Lamb*doid"al (?), a. Same as Lambdoid. Lambent Lam"bent (?), a. [L. lambens, -enlis, p. pr. of lambere to lick; akin to lap. See Lap to drink by licking.] 1. Playing on the surface; touching lightly; gliding over. "A lambent flame." Dryden. "A lambent style." Beaconsfield. 2. Twinkling or gleaming; fickering. "The lambent purity of the stars." W. Irving. Lambert pine Lam"bert pine` (?). [So called from Lambert, an English botanist.] (Bot.) The gigantic sugar pine of California and Oregon (Pinus Lambertiana). It has the leaves in fives, and cones a foot long. The timber is soft, and like that of the white pine of the Eastern States. Lambkin Lamb"kin (?), n. A small lamb. Lamblike Lamb"like (?), a. Like a lamb; gentle; meek; inoffensive. Lamboys Lam"boys (?), n. pl. [Cf. F. lambeau. Cf. Label.] (Anc. Armor) Same as Base, n., 19. Lambrequin Lam"bre*quin (?), n. [F. Cf. Lamboys, Label.] 1. A kind of pendent scarf or covering attached to the helmet, to protect it from wet or heat. 2. A leather flap hanging from a cuirass. Wilhelm. 3. A piece of ornament drapery or short decorative hanging, pendent from a shelf or from the casing above a window, hiding the curtain fixtures, or the like. Lambskin Lamb"skin` (?), n. 1. The skin of a lamb; especially, a skin dressed with the wool on, and used as a mat. Also used adjectively. 2. A kind of woolen. Lambskinnet Lamb"skin`net" (?), n. See Lansquenet. Lamb's-quarters Lamb's-quar"ters (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants of the Goosefoot family, sometimes used as pot herbs, as Chenopodium album and Atriplex patulsa. Lamdoidal Lam*doid"al (?), a. Lambdoid. [R.] Lame Lame (?), a. [Compar. Lamer (?); superl. Lamest.] [OE. lame, AS. lama; akin to D. lam, G. lahm,OHG., Dan., & Sw. lam, Icel. lami, Russ. lomate to break, lomota rheumatism.] 1. (a) Moving with pain or difficulty on account of injury, defect, or temporary obstruction of a function; as, a lame leg, arm, or muscle. (b) To some degree disabled by reason of the imperfect action of a limb; crippled; as, a lame man. "Lame of one leg." Arbuthnot. "Lame in both his feet." 2 Sam. ix. 13. "He fell, and became lame." 2 Sam. iv. 4. 2. Hence, hobbling; limping; inefficient; imperfect. "A lame endeavor." Barrow. O, most lame and impotent conclusion! Shak. Lame duck (stock Exchange), a person who can not fulfill his contracts. [Cant] _________________________________________________________________ Page 826 Lame Lame (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Laming.] To make lame. If you happen to let child fall and lame it. Swift. Lamel Lam"el (?), n. See Lamella. Lamella La*mel"la (?), n.; pl. L. Lamell\'91 (#), E. Lamellas (#). [L. lamella, dim. of lamina plate, leaf, layer: cf. F. lamelle. Cf. Lamina, Omelet.] a thin plate or scale of anything, as a thin scale growing from the petals of certain flowers; or one of the thin plates or scales of which certain shells are composed. Lamellar, a. [Cf. F. lamellaire.] Flat and thin; lamelliform; composed of lamell\'91. -- Lamellarly Lam"el*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. lamellaire.] Flat and thin; lamelliform; composed of lamell\'91. -- Lam"el*lar*ly, adv. In thin plates or scales. Lamellary Lam"el*la*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to lamella or to lamell\'91; lamellar. Lamellate, Lamellated Lam"el*late (?), Lam"el*la`ted (?), a. [See Lamella.] Composed of, or furnished with, thin plates or scales. See Illust. of Antenn\'91. Lamellibranch La*mel"li*branch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Lamellibranchia. Also used adjectively. Lamellibranchia, Lamellibranchiata La*mel`li*bran"chi*a (?), La*mel`li*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See lamella, and Branchia, Branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) A class of Mollusca including all those that have bivalve shells, as the clams, oysters, mussels, etc. NOTE: &hand; Th ey us ually ha ve tw o (r arely bu t on e) fl at, lamelliform gills on each side of the body. They have an imperfectly developed head, concealed within the shell, whence they are called Acephala. Called also Conchifera, and Pelecypoda. See Bivalve. Lamellibranchiate Lam`el*li*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having lamellar gills; belonging to the Lamellibranchia. -- n. One of the Lamellibranchia. Lamellicorn La*mel"li*corn (?), a. [Lamella + L. cornu a horn: cf. F. lamellicorne. See Lamella.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having antenn\'91 terminating in a group of flat lamell\'91; -- said of certain coleopterous insects. (b) Terminating in a group of flat lamell\'91; -- said of antenn\'91. -- n. A lamellicorn insect. Lamellicornia La*mel`li*cor"ni*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Lamellicorn.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of lamellicorn, plant-eating beetles; -- called also Lamellicornes. Lamelliferous Lam`el*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Lamella + -ferous: cf. F. lamellif\'8are.] Bearing, or composed of, lamell\'91, or thin layers, plates, or scales; foliated. Lamelliform La*mel"li*form (?), a. [Lamella + -form : cf. F. lamelliforme.] Thin and flat; scalelike; lamellar. Lamellirostral Lam`el*li*ros"tral (?), a. [Lamella + rostral : cf. F. lamellirostre.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a lamellate bill, as ducks and geese. Lamellirostres La*mel`li*ros"tres (?), n. pl. [NL. See Lamella, and Rostrum.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of birds embracing the Anseres and flamingoes, in which the bill is lamellate. Lamellose Lam"el*lose` (?), a. [Cf. F. lamelleux.] Composed of, or having, lamell\'91; lamelliform. Lamely Lame"ly (?), adv. [See Lame.] An a lame, crippled, disabled, or imperfect manner; as, to walk lamely; a figure lamely drawn. Lameness Lame"ness, n. The condition or quality of being lame; as, the lameness of an excuse or an argument. Lament La*ment" (?), v. i. [F. lamenter, L. lamentari, fr. lamentum a lament.] To express or feel sorrow; to weep or wail; to mourn. Jeremiah lamented for Josiah. 2 Chron. xxxv. 25. Ye shall weep and lament, but the world shall rejoice. John xvi. 20. Lament La*ment", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lamented; p. pr. & vb. n. Lamenting.] To mourn for; to bemoan; to bewail. One laughed at follies, one lamented crimes. Dryden. Syn. -- To deplore; mourn; bewail. See Deplore. Lament La*ment", n. [L. lamentum. Cf. Lament, v.] 1. Grief or sorrow expressed in complaints or cries; lamentation; a wailing; a moaning; a weeping. Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage. Milton. 2. An elegy or mournful ballad, or the like. Lamentable Lam"en*ta*ble (?), a. [L. lamentabilis : cf. F. lamentable.] 1. Mourning; sorrowful; expressing grief; as, a lamentable countenance. "Lamentable eye." Spenser. 2. Fitted to awaken lament; to be lamented; sorrowful; pitiable; as, a lamentable misfortune, or error. "Lamentable helplessness." Burke. 3. Miserable; pitiful; paltry; -- in a contemptuous or Bp. Stillingfleet. -- Lam"en*ta*ble*ness, n. -- Lam"en*ta*bly, adv. Lamentation Lam`en*ta"tion (?), n. [F. lamentation, L. lamentatio.] 1. The act of bewailing; audible expression of sorrow; wailing; moaning. In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation and weeping Matt. ii. 18. 2. pl. (Script.) A book of the Old Testament attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and taking its name from the nature of its contents. Lamented La*ment"ed (?), a. Mourned for; bewailed. This humble praise,lamented shade ! receive. Pope. Lamenter La*ment"er (, n. One who laments. Lamentin La*men"tin (?), n. See Lamantin. Lamenting La*ment"ing (?), n. Lamentation. Lamentings heard i' the air. Shak. Lamentingly La*ment"ing*ly, adv. In a lamenting manner. Lames Lames (?), n. pl. [F. lame a thin plate, L. lamina.] (Armor) Small steel plates combined together so as to slide one upon the form a piece of armor. Lametta La*met"ta (?), n. [Cf. It. lametta, dim of lama a thin plate.] Foil or wire made of gold, silver, or brass. De Colange. Lamia La"mi*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) A monster capable of assuming a woman's form, who was said to devour human beings or suck their blood; a vampire; a sorceress; a with. Lamina Lam"i*na (?), n.; pl. L. Lamella. 1. A thin plate or scale; a laying over another; -- said of thin plates or platelike substances, as of bone or minerals. 2. (Bot.) The blade of a leaf; the broad, expanded portion of a petal or sepal of a flower. Gray. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A thin plate or scale; specif., one of the thin, flat processes composing the vane of a feather. Laminability Lam`i*na*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being laminable. Laminable Lam"i*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being split into lamin\'91 or thin plates, as mica; capable of being extended under pressure into a thin plate or strip. When a body can be readily extended in all directions under the hammer, it is said to be malleable; and when into fillets under the rolling press, it is said to be laminable. Ure. Laminar, Laminal Lam"i*nar (?), Lam"i*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. laminaire. See Lamina] In, or consisting of, thin plates or layers; having the form of a thin plate or lamina. Laminaria Lam`i*na"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Lamina.] (Bot.) A genus of great seaweeds with long and broad fronds; kelp, or devil's apron. The fronds commonly grow in clusters, and are sometimes from thirty to fifty feet in length. See Illust. of Kelp. Laminarian Lam`i*na"ri*an (?), a. Pertaining to seaweeds of the genus Laminaria, or to that zone of the sea (from two to ten fathoms in depth) where the seaweeds of this genus grow. Laminarite Lam"i*na*rite (?), n. [See Lamina.] (Paleon.) A broad-leafed fossil alga. Laminary Lam"i*na*ry (?), a. Laminar. Laminate Lam"i*nate (?), a. [See Lamina.] Consisting of, or covered with, lamin\'91, or thin plates, scales, or layers, one over another; laminated. Laminate Lam"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Laminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Laminating (?).] [See Lamina.] 1. To cause to separate into thin plates or layers; to divide into thin plates. 2. To form, as metal, into a thin plate, as by rolling. <-- 3. To form by uniting two or more layers (in sheet form) of a material, so that the layers are bonded tightly. 4. (With material as object) To unite (layers in sheet form) by bonding, so as to create a single object with multiple layers. --> Laminate Lam"i*nate, v. i. To separate into lamin\'91. Laminated Lam"i*na`ted (?), a. Laminate. Laminated arch (Arch.), a timber arch made of layers of bent planks secured by treenails. Laminating Lam"i*na`ting (?), a. Forming, or separating into, scales or thin layers. Lamination Lam`i*na"tion (?), n. The process of laminating, or the state of being laminated. Laminiferous Lam`i*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Lamina + -ferous.] Having a structure consisting of lamin\'91, or thin layers. Laminiplantar Lam`i*ni*plan"tar (?), a. [Lamina + L. planta sole of the foot.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the tarsus covered behind with a horny sheath continuous on both sides, as in most singing birds, except the larks. Laminitis Lam`i*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Lamina, and -itis.] (Far.) Inflammation of the lamin\'91 or fleshy plates along the coffin bone of a horse; founder. Youatt. Lamish Lam"ish (?), a. Somewhat lame. Wood. Lamm Lamm (?), v. t. See Lam. Lammas Lam"mas (?), n. [AS. hl\'bemmesse, hl\'befm\'91sse, loaf mass, bread feast, or feast of first fruits; hl\'bef loaf + m\'91sse mass. See Loaf, and Mass religious service.] The first day of August; -- called also Lammas day, and Lammastide. Lammergeir, Lammergeier Lam"mer*geir (?), Lam"mer*gei`er (?), n. [G. l\'84mmergeier; lamm, pl. l\'84mmer, lamb + geier vulture.] (Zo\'94l.) A very large vulture (Gypa\'89tus barbatus), which inhabits the mountains of Southern Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. When full-grown it is nine or ten feet in extent of wings. It is brownish black above, with the under parts and neck rusty yellow; the forehead and crown white; the sides of the head and beard black. It feeds partly on carrion and partly on small animals, which it kills. It has the habit of carrying tortoises and marrow bones to a great height, and dropping them on stones to obtain the contents, and is therefore called bonebreaker and ossifrage. It is supposed to be the ossifrage of the Bible. Called also bearded vulture and bearded eagle. [Written also lammergeyer.] Lamnunguia Lam*nun"gui*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. lamina a scale + unguis a nail.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hyracoidea. Lamp Lamp (?), n.[OE. (with excrescent p), fr. F. lame, L. lamina. See Lamina.] A thin plate or lamina. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lamp Lamp (?), n. [F. lampe, L. lampas, -adis, fr. Gr. Lampad, Lantern.] 1. A light-producing vessel, instrument or apparatus; especially, a vessel with a wick used for the combustion of oil or other inflammable liquid, for the purpose of producing artificial light.<-- needs modernization for electric lamps! See def. 3 --> 2. Figuratively, anything which enlightens intellectually or morally; anything regarded metaphorically a performing the uses of a lamp. Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path. Ps. cxix. 105. Ages elapsed ere Homer's lamp appeared. Cowper. 3. (Elec.) A device or mechanism for producing light by electricity. See Incandescent lamp, under Incandescent. \'92olipile lamp, a hollow ball of copper containing alcohol which is converted into vapor by a lamp beneath, so as to make a powerful blowpipe flame when the vapor is ignited. Weale. -- Arc lamp (Elec.), a form of lamp in which the voltaic arc is used as the source of light. -- D\'89bereiner's lamp, an apparatus for the instantaneous production of a flame by the spontaneous ignition of a jet of hydrogen on being led over platinum sponge; -- named after the German chemist D\'94bereiner, who invented it. Called also philosopher's lamp. -- Flameless lamp, an aphlogistic lamp. -- Lamp burner, the part of a lamp where the wick is exposed and ignited. Knight. -- Lamp fount, a reservoir for oil, in a lamp. -- Lamp jack. See 2d Jack, n., 4 (l) & (n). -- Lamp shade, a screen, as of paper, glass, or tin, for softening or obstructing the light of a lamp. -- Lamp shell (Zo\'94l.), any brachiopod shell of the genus Terebratula and allied genera. The name refers to the shape, which is like that of an antique lamp. See Terebratula. -- Safety lamp, a miner's lamp in which the flame is surrounded by fine wire gauze, preventing the kindling of dangerous explosive gases; -- called also, from Sir Humphry Davy the inventor, Davy lamp. -- To smell of the lamp, to bear marks of great study and labor, as a literary composition. Lampad Lam"pad (?), n. [Gr. Lamp.] A lamp or candlestick. [R.] By him who 'mid the golden lampads went. Trench. Lampadist Lam"pa*dist (?), n. [Gr. Lamp.] (Gr. Antiq.) One who gained the prize in the lampadrome. Lampadrome Lam"pa*drome (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A race run by young men with lighted torches in their hands. He who reached the goal first, with his torch unextinguished, gained the prize. Lampas Lam"pas (?), n. [F. lampas.] An inflammation and swelling of the soft parts of the roof of the mouth immediately behind the fore teeth in the horse; -- called also lampers. Lampate Lam"pate (?), n. [Cf. F. lampate.] (Chem.) A supposed salt of lampic acid. [Obs.] Lampblack Lamp"black` (?), n. [Lamp + black.] The fine impalpable soot obtained from the smoke of carbonaceous substances which have been only partly burnt, as in the flame of a smoking lamp. It consists of finely divided carbon, with sometimes a very small proportion of various impurities. It is used as an ingredient of printers' ink, and various black pigments and cements. Lamper eel Lam"per eel` (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Lamprey. Lampern Lam"pern (?), n. [See Lamprey.] (Zo\'94l.) The river lamprey (Ammoc\'d2tes, OR Lampetra, fluviatilis). NOTE: &hand; The name is also applied to other river lampreys. Lampers Lam"pers (?), n. See Lampas. Lampic Lam"pic (?), a. [F. lampique, fr. lampe lamp. See Lamp.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or produced by, a lamp; -- formerly said of a supposed acid. Lamping Lamp"ing (?), a.Shining; brilliant. [Obs.] "Lamping eyes." Spenser. Lampless Lamp"less, a. Being without a lamp, or without light; hence, being without appreciation; dull. Your ladies' eyes are lampless to that virtue. Beau. & Fl. Lamplight Lamp"light` (?), n. Light from a lamp. This world's artificial lamplights. Owen Meredith. Lamplighter Lamp"light`er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, lights a lamp; esp., a person who lights street lamps. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The calico bass. Lampoon Lam*poon" (?), n. [F. lampon a drinking song, fr. lampons let us drink, -- the burden of such a song, fr. lamper to guzzle, to drink much and greedily; of German origin, and akin to E. lap to drink. Prob. so called because drinking songs often contain personal slander or satire.] A personal satire in writing; usually, malicious and abusive censure written only to reproach and distress. Like her who missed her name in a lampoon, And grieved to find herself decayed so soon. Dryden. Lampoon Lam*poon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lampooned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lampooning.] To subject to abusive ridicule expressed in writing; to make the subject of a lampoon. Ribald poets had lampooned him. Macaulay. Syn. -- To libel; defame; satirize; lash. Lampooner Lam*poon"er (?), n. The writer of a lampoon. "Libelers, lampooners, and pamphleteers." Tatler. Lampoonry Lam*poon"ry (?), n. The act of lampooning; a lampoon, or lampoons. Lamp-post Lamp"-post` (?), n. A post (generally a pillar of iron) supporting a lamp or lantern for lighting a street, park, etc. Lamprel Lam"prel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Lamprey. Lamprey Lam"prey (?), n. ; pl. Lampreys (#). [OE. lampreie, F. lamproie, LL. lampreda, lampetra, from L. lambere to lick + petra rock, stone. The lampreys are so called because they attach themselves with their circular mouths to rocks and stones, whence they are also called rocksuckers. See Lap to drink, Petrify.] (Zo\'94l.) An eel-like marsipobranch of the genus Petromyzon, and allied genera. The lampreys have a round, sucking mouth, without jaws, but set with numerous minute teeth, and one to three larger teeth on the palate (see Illust. of Cyclostomi). There are seven small branchial openings on each side. [Written also lamper eel, lamprel, and lampron.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 827 NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon or se a la mprey of Am erica and Europe (Petromyzon marinus), which in spring ascends rivers to spawn, is considered excellent food by many, and is sold as a market fish in some localities. The smaller river lampreys mostly belong to the genus Ammoc\'d2les, or Lampetra, as A. fluviatilis, of Europe, and A. \'91pypterus of America. All lampreys attach themselves to other fishes, as parasites, by means of the suckerlike mouth. Lampron Lam"pron (?), n. [Cf. OE. lampreon. See Lamprey.] (Zo\'94l.) See Lamprey. Lampyrine Lam*py"rine (?), n. [See Lampyris.] (Zo\'94l.) An insect of the genus Lampyris, or family Lampyrid\'91. See Lampyris. Lampyris Lam*py"ris (?), n. [L., glowworm, Gr. ( (Zo\'94l.) A genus of coleopterous insects, including the glowworms. Lanarkite Lan"ark*ite (?), n. [From Lanarkshire, a county in Scotland.] (Min.) A mineral consisting of sulphate of lead, occurring either massive or in long slender prisms, of a greenish white or gray color. Lanary La"na*ry (?), n. [L. lanaria, fr. lanarius belonging to wool, lana wool.] A place for storing wool. Lanate, Lanated La"nate (?), La"na*ted (?),[L. lanatus, fr. lana wool, down.] Wooly; covered with fine long hair, or hairlike filaments. Lacashire boiler La"ca*shire boil"er (?). A steam boiler having two flues which contain the furnaces and extend through the boiler from end to end. Lacasterian La`cas*te"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the monitorial system of instruction followed by Joseph Lancaster, of England, in which advanced pupils in a school teach pupils below them. Lance Lance (?), n. [OE. lance, F. lance, fr. L. lancea; cf. Gr. Launch.] 1. A weapon of war, consisting of a long shaft or handle and a steel blade or head; a spear carried by horsemen, and often decorated with a small flag; also, a spear or harpoon used by whalers and fishermen. A braver soldier never couched lance. Shak. 2. A soldier armed with a lance; a lancer. 3. (Founding) A small iron rod which suspends the core of the mold in casting a shell. 4. (Mil.) An instrument which conveys the charge of a piece of ordnance and forces it home. 5. (Pyrotech.) One of the small paper cases filled with combustible composition, which mark the outlines of a figure. Free lance, in the Middle Ages, and subsequently, a knight or roving soldier, who was free to engage for any state or commander that purchased his services; hence, a person who assails institutions or opinions on his own responsibility without regard to party lines or deference to authority. -- Lance bucket (Cavalry), a socket attached to a saddle or stirrup strap, in which to rest the but of a lance. -- Lance corporal, same as Lancepesade. -- Lance knight, a lansquenet. B. Jonson. -- Lance snake (Zo\'94l.), the fer-de-lance. -- Stink-fire lance (Mil.), a kind of fuse filled with a composition which burns with a suffocating odor; -- used in the counter operations of miners. To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or contest. Lance Lance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lanced (; p. pr. & vb. n. Lancing (?).] 1. To pierce with a lance, or with any similar weapon. Seized the due victim, and with fury lanced Her back. Dryden. 2. To open with a lancet; to pierce; as, to lance a vein or an abscess. 3. To throw in the manner of a lance. See Lanch. Lance fish Lance" fish` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A slender marine fish of the genus Ammodytes, especially Ammodytes tobianus of the English coast; -- called also sand lance. Lancegay, Lancegaye Lance"gay`, Lance"gaye` (?), n. [OF. lancegaie, corrupted from the same source as E. assagai, under the influence of F. lance lance. See Assagai.] A kind of spear anciently used. Its use was prohibited by a statute of Richard II. Nares. In his hand a launcegay, A long sword by his side. Chaucer. Lancelet Lance"let (?), n. [Lance + -let.] (Zo\'94l.) A small fishlike animal (Amphioxus lanceolatus), remarkable for the rudimentary condition of its organs. It is the type of the class Leptocardia. See Amphioxus, Leptocardia. Lancely Lance"ly, a. Like a lance. [R.] Sir P. Sidney. Lanceolar Lan"ce*o*lar (?), a. [L. lanceola a little lance, dim. of lancea lance: cf. F. lanc\'82olaire.] (Bot.) Lanceolate. Lanceolate, Lanceolated Lan"ce*o*late (?), Lan"ce*o*la`ted (?) a. [L. lanceolatus: cf. F. lanc\'82ol. See Lanceolar.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Rather narrow, tapering to a point at the apex, and sometimes at the base also; as, a lanceolate leaf. Lancepesade Lance`pe*sade" (?), n. [F. lancepessade, lanspessade, anspessade, It. lancia spezzata a broken lance or demilance, a demilance roan, a light horseman, bodyguard.] An assistant to a corporal; a private performing the duties of a corporal; -- called also lance corporal. Lancer Lan"cer (?), n. [Cf. F. lancier.] 1. One who lances; one who carries a lance; especially, a member of a mounted body of men armed with lances, attached to the cavalry service of some nations. Wilhelm. 2. A lancet. [Obs.] 3. pl. (Dancing) A set of quadrilles of a certain arrangement. [Written also lanciers.] Lancet Lan"cet (?), n. [F. lancette, dim. of lance lance. See Lance.] 1. A surgical instrument of various forms, commonly sharp-pointed and two-edged, used in venesection, and in opening abscesses, etc. 2. (Metal.) An iron bar used for tapping a melting furnace. Knight. Lancet arch (Arch.), a pointed arch, of which the width, or span, is narrow compared with the height. -- Lancet architecture, a name given to a style of architecture, in which lancet arches are common; -- peculiar to England and 13th century. -- Lancet fish. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large, voracious, deep-sea fish (Alepidosaurus ferox), having long, sharp, lancetlike teeth. (b) The doctor, or surgeon fish. Lancewood Lance"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A tough, elastic wood, often used for the shafts of gigs, archery bows, fishing rods, and the like. Also, the tree which produces this wood, Duguetia Quitarensis (a native of Guiana and Cuba), and several other trees of the same family (Anonase\'91). Australian lancewood, a myrtaceous tree (Backhousia Australis). Lanch Lanch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lanched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lanching. See Lanching. See Launch, Lance.] To throw, as a lance; to let fly; to launch. See Whose arm can lanch the surer bolt. Dryden & Lee. Lanciferous Lan*cif"er*ous (?), a [Lance + -ferous.] Bearing a lance. Lanciform Lan"ci*form (?), a [Lance + -form: cf. F. lanciforme.] Having the form of a lance. Lanciname Lan"ci*name (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lancinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lancinating (?).] [L. lancinatus, p. p. of lancinare to fear.] To tear; to lacerate; to pierce or stab. De Quincey. Lancinating Lan"ci*na`ting, a. Piercing; seeming to pierce or stab; as, lancinating pains (i.e., severe, darting pains). Lancination Lan`ci*na"tion (?), n. A tearing; laceration. "Lancinations of the spirit." Jer. Taylor. Land Land (?), n. Urine. See Lant. [Obs.] Land Land, n. [AS. land, lond; akin to D., G., Icel., Sw., Dan., and Goth. land. ] 1. The solid part of the surface of the earth; -- opposed to water as constituting a part of such surface, especially to oceans and seas; as, to sight land after a long voyage. They turn their heads to sea, their sterns to land. Dryden. 2. Any portion, large or small, of the surface of the earth, considered by itself, or as belonging to an individual or a people, as a country, estate, farm, or tract. Go view the land, even Jericho. Josh. ii. 1. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith. <-- See also, Goldsmith: Where wealth and freedom reign contentment fails, And honor sinks where commerce long prevails. (THe captivity, an Oratorio. Act II line 91) --> NOTE: &hand; In th e expressions "to be, or dwell, upon land," "to go, or fare, on land," as used by Chaucer, land denotes the country as distinguished from the town. A poor parson dwelling upon land [i.e., in the country]. Chaucer. 3. Ground, in respect to its nature or quality; soil; as, wet land; good or bad land. 4. The inhabitants of a nation or people. These answers, in the silent night received, The kind himself divulged, the land believed. Dryden. 5. The mainland, in distinction from islands. 6. The ground or floor. [Obs.] Herself upon the land she did prostrate. Spenser. 7. (Agric.) The ground left unplowed between furrows; any one of several portions into which a field is divided for convenience in plowing. 8. (Law) Any ground, soil, or earth whatsoever, as meadows, pastures, woods, etc., and everything annexed to it, whether by nature, as trees, water, etc., or by the hand of man, as buildings, fences, etc.; real estate. Kent. Bouvier. Burrill. 9. (Naut.) The lap of the strakes in a clinker-built boat; the lap of plates in an iron vessel; -- called also landing. Knight. 10. In any surface prepared with indentations, perforations, or grooves, that part of the surface which is not so treated, as the level part of a millstone between the furrows, or the surface of the bore of a rifled gun between the grooves. Land agent, a person employed to sell or let land, to collect rents, and to attend to other money matters connected with land. -- Land boat, a vehicle on wheels propelled by sails. -- Land blink, a peculiar atmospheric brightness seen from sea over distant snow-covered land in arctic regions. See Ice blink. -- Land breeze. See under Breeze. -- Land chain. See Gunter's chain. -- Land crab (Zo\'94l.), any one of various species of crabs which live much on the land, and resort to the water chiefly for the purpose of breeding. They are abundant in the West Indies and South America. Some of them grow to a large size. -- Land fish a fish on land; a person quite out of place.Shak. -- Land force, a military force serving on land, as distinguished from a naval force. -- Land, ho! (Naut.), a sailor's cry in announcing sight of land. -- Land ice, a field of ice adhering to the coast, in distinction from a floe. -- Land leech (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of blood-sucking leeches, which, in moist, tropical regions, live on land, and are often troublesome to man and beast. -- Land measure, the system of measurement used in determining the area of land; also, a table of areas used in such measurement. -- Land, OR House, of bondage, in Bible history, Egypt; by extension, a place or condition of special oppression. -- Land o' cakes, Scotland. -- Land of Nod, sleep. -- Land of promise, in Bible history, Canaan: by extension, a better country or condition of which one has expectation. -- Land of steady habits, a nickname sometimes given to the State of Connecticut. -- Land office, a government office in which the entries upon, and sales of, public land are registered, and other business respecting the public lands is transacted. [U.S.] -- Land pike. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The gray pike, or sauger. (b) The Menobranchus. -- Land service, military service as distinguished from naval service. -- Land rail. (Zo\'94l) (a) The crake or corncrake of Europe. See Crake. (b) An Australian rail (Hypot\'91nidia Phillipensis); -- called also pectoral rail. -- Land scrip, a certificate that the purchase money for a certain portion of the public land has been paid to the officer entitled to receive it. [U.S.] -- Land shark, a swindler of sailors on shore. [Sailors' Cant] -- Land side (a) That side of anything in or on the sea, as of an island or ship, which is turned toward the land. (b) The side of a plow which is opposite to the moldboard and which presses against the unplowed land. -- Land snail (Zo\'94l.), any snail which lives on land, as distinguished from the aquatic snails are Pulmonifera, and belong to the Geophila; but the operculated land snails of warm countries are Di\'d2cia, and belong to the T\'91nioglossa. See Geophila, and Helix. -- Land spout, a descent of cloud and water in a conical form during the occurrence of a tornado and heavy rainfall on land. -- Land steward, a person who acts for another in the management of land, collection of rents, etc. -- Land tortoise, Land turtle (Zo\'94l.), any tortoise that habitually lives on dry land, as the box tortoise. See Tortoise. -- Land warrant, a certificate from the Land Office, authorizing a person to assume ownership of a public land. [U.S.] -- Land wind. Same as Land breeze (above). -- To make land (Naut.), to sight land. To set the land, to see by the compass how the land bears from the ship. -- To shut in the land, to hide the land, as when fog, or an intervening island, obstructs the view. Land Land (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Landed; p. pr. & vb. n. Landing.] 1. To set or put on shore from a ship or other water craft; to disembark; to debark. I 'll undertake top land them on our coast. Shak. 2. To catch and bring to shore; to capture; as, to land a fish. 3. To set down after conveying; to cause to fall, alight, or reach; to bring to the end of a course; as, he landed the quoit near the stake; to be thrown from a horse and landed in the mud; to land one in difficulties or mistakes. Land Land, v. i. To go on shore from a ship or boat; to disembark; to come to the end of a course. Landamman Lan"dam*man (?), n. [G. Landamman; land land, country + amimann bailiff. See Land, and Ambassador.] 1. A chief magistrate in some of the Swiss cantons. 2. The president of the diet of the Helvetic republic. Landau Lan"dau (?), n. [From the town Ladau in Germany; cf. F. landau. See Land, Island.] A four-wheeled covered vehicle, the top of which is divided into two sections which can be let down, or thrown back, in such a manner as to make an open carriage. [Written also landaw.] Landaulet Lan`dau*let" (?), n. [Cf. F. landaulet, dim, of landau. See Landau.] A small landau. Landed Land"ed (?), a. 1. Having an estate in land. The House of Commons must consist, for the most part, of landed men. Addison. 2. Consisting in real estate or land; as, landed property; landed security. Lander Land"er (?), n. 1. One who lands, or makes a landing. "The lander in a lonely isle." Tennyson. 2. (Mining) A person who waits at the mouth of the shaft to receive the kibble of ore. Landfall Land"fall (?), n. 1. A sudden transference of property in land by the death of its owner. 2. (Naut.) Sighting or making land when at sea. A good landfall (Naut.), the sighting of land in conformity with the navigator's reckoning and expectation. Landflood Land"flood` (?), n. An overflowing of land by river; an inundation; a freshet. Clarendon. Landgrave Land"grave` (?), n. [G. landgraf; land land + graf earl, count; cf. D. landgraaf, F. landgrave.] A German nobleman of a rank corresponding to that of an earl in England and of a count in France. NOTE: &hand; Th e ti tle was first adopted by some German counts in the twelfth century, to distinguish themselves from the inferior counts under their jurisdiction. Three of them were princes of the empire. Landgraviate Land*gra"vi*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. landgraviat.] 1. The territory held by a landgrave. 2. The office, jurisdiction, or authority of a landgrave. Landgravine Land"gra*vine (?), n. [G. landgr\'84fin; cf. D. landgravin.] The wife of a landgrave. Landholder Land"hold`er (?), n. A holder, owner, or proprietor of land. -- Land"hold`ing, n. & a. Landing Land"ing, a. Of, pertaining to or used for, setting, bringing, or going, on shore. Landing charges, charges or fees paid on goods unloaded from a vessel. -- Landing net, a small, bag-shaped net, used in fishing to take the fish from the water after being hooked. -- Landing stage, a floating platform attached at one end to a wharf in such a manner as to rise and fall with the tide, and thus facilitate passage between the wharf and a vessel lying beside the stage. -- Landing waiter, a customhouse officer who oversees the landing of goods, etc., from vessels; a landwaiter. Landing Land"ing, n. 1. A going or bringing on shore. 2. A place for landing, as from a ship, a carriage. etc. 3. (Arch.) The level part of a staircase, at the top of a flight of stairs, or connecting one flight with another. Landing place. me as Landing, n., 2 and 3. Landlady Land"la`dy (?), n.; pl. Landladies (#). [Cf. Landlord.] 1. A woman having real estate which she leases to a tenant or tenants. 2. The mistress of an inn or lodging house. _________________________________________________________________ Page 828 Landleaper Land"leap`er (?), n. See Landlouper. Landless Land"less (?), a. Having no property in land. Landlock Land"lock` (?), v. t. To inclose, or nearly inclose, as a harbor or a vessel, with land. Landlocked Land"locked` (?), a. 1. Inclosed, or nearly inclosed, by land. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Confined to a fresh-water lake by reason of waterfalls or dams; -- said of fishes that would naturally seek the sea, after spawning; as, the landlocked salmon. Landloper Land"lo`per (?), n. Same as Landlouper. Landlord Land"lord` (?), n. [See Land, and Lord.] 1. The lord of a manor, or of land; the owner of land or houses which he leases to a tenant or tenants. 2. The master of an inn or of a lodging house. Upon our arrival at the inn, my companion fetched out the jolly landlord. Addison. Landlordism Land"lord`ism (?), n. The state of being a landlord; the characteristics of a landlord; specifically, in Great Britain, the relation of landlords to tenants, especially as regards leased agricultural lands. J. S. Mill. Landlordry Land"lord`ry (?), n. The state of a landlord. [Obs.] Landlouper Land"loup`er (?), n. [D. landlooper, lit., landrunner; land land + loopen to run. See Land, and Leap.] A vagabond; a vagrant. [Written also landleaper and landloper.] "Bands of landloupers." Moltey. Landlouping Land"loup`ing, a. Vagrant; wandering about. Landlubber Land"lub`ber (?), n. [Prop. fr. land + lubber, or possibly corrupted fr. laudlouper.] (Naut.) One who passes his life on land; -- so called among seamen in contempt or ridicule. Landman Land"man (?), n.; pl. Landmen (. 1. A man who lives or serves on land; -- opposed to seaman. 2. (Eng.) An occupier of land. Cowell. Landmark Land"mark` (?), n. [AS. landmearc. See Land, and Mark a sign.] 1. A mark to designate the boundary of land; any , mark or fixed object (as a marked tree, a stone, a ditch, or a heap of stones) by which the limits of a farm, a town, or other portion of territory may be known and preserved. 2. Any conspicuous object on land that serves as a guide; some prominent object, as a hill or steeple. Landmarks of history, important events by which eras or conditions are determined. Landowner Land"own`er (?), n. An owner of land. Landowning Land"own`ing, n. The owning of land. -- a. Having property in land; of or pertaining to landowners. Land-poor Land"-poor` (?), a. Pecuniarily embarrassed through owning much unprofitable land. [Colloq.] Landreeve Land"reeve` (?), n. [Land + reeve an officer.] A subordinate officer on an extensive estate, who acts as an assistant to the steward. Landscape Land"scape (?), n. [Formerly written also landskip.] [D. landschap; land land + -schap, equiv. to E. -schip; akin to G. landschaft, Sw. landskap, Dan. landskab. See Land, and -schip.] 1. A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains. 2. A picture representing a scene by land or sea, actual or fancied, the chief subject being the general aspect of nature, as fields, hills, forests, water. etc. 3. The pictorial aspect of a country. The landscape of his native country had taken hold on his heart. Macaulay. Landscape gardening, The art of laying out grounds and arranging trees, shrubbery, etc., in such a manner as to produce a picturesque effect. Landscapist Land"scap`ist (?), n. A painter of landscapes. Landskip Land"skip (?), n. [See Landscape.] A landscape. [Obs. except in poetry.] Straight my eye hath caught new pleasures, Whilst the landskip round it measures. Milton. Landslip, Landslide Land"slip` (?), Land"slide` (?), n. 1. The slipping down of a mass of land from a mountain, hill, etc. 2. The land which slips down. Landsman Lands"man (?), n.; pl. Landsmen (#). 1. One who lives on the land; -- opposed to seaman. 2. (Naut.) A sailor on his first voyage. Landstreight Land"streight` (?), n. [See Strait.] A narrow strip of land. [Obs.] Landsturm Land"sturm` (?), n. [G. See Land, and Storm.] That part of the reserve force in Germany which is called out last. Landtag Land"tag` (?), n. [G. See Land, and Day.] The diet or legislative body; as, the Landtag of Prussia. Landwaiter Land"wait`er (?), n. See Landing waiter, under Landing, a. Landward Land"ward (?), adv. & a. Toward the land. Landwehr Land"wehr` (?), n. [G., fr. land land, country + wehr defense.] That part of the army, in Germany and Austria, which has completed the usual military service and is exempt from duty in time of peace, except that it is called out occasionally for drill. Lane Lane (?), a. [See Lone.] Alone [Scot.] His lane, by himself; himself alone. Lane Lane (?), n. [OE. lane, lone, AS. lone, lone; akin to D. laan, OFries. lana, lona.] A passageway between fences or hedges which is not traveled as a highroad; an alley between buildings; a narrow way among trees, ras, a lane between lines of men, or through a field of ice. It is become a turn-again lane unto them which they can not go through. Tyndale. Lang Lang (?), a. & adv. Long. [Obs. or Scot.] Langaha Lan"ga*ha (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A curious colubriform snake of the genus Xyphorhynchus, from Madagascar. It is brownish red, and its hose is prolonged in the form of a sharp blade. Langarey Lan`ga*rey" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of long-winged, shrikelike birds of Australia and the East Indies, of the genus Artamus, and allied genera; called also wood swallow. Langate Lan"gate (?), n. (Surg.) A linen roller used in dressing wounds. Langdak Lang"dak` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A wolf (Canis pallipes), found in India, allied to the jackal. Langrage, Langrel Lan"grage (?), Lan"grel (?), n. A kind of shot formerly used at sea for tearing sails and rigging. It consisted of bolts, nails, and other pieces of iron fastened together or inclosed in a canister. Langret Lan"gret (?), n. A kind of loaded die. [Obs.] Langridge Lan"gridge (?), n. See Langrage. NOTE: [Sometimes compounded with shot.] Langsyne Lang`syne" (?), adv. & n. [Scot. lang long + syne since.] Long since; long ago. [Scot.] Langteraloo Lang`ter*a*loo" (?), n. [See Loo.] An old game at cards. See Loo (a) Tatler. Language Lan"guage (?), n. [OE. langage, F. langage, fr. L. lingua the tongue, hence speech, language; akin to E. tongue. See Tongue, cf. Lingual.] 1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth. NOTE: &hand; La nguage co nsists in th e or al utterance of sounds which usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another. This is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are represented to the eye by letters, marks, or characters, which form words. 2. The expression of ideas by writing, or any other instrumentality. 3. The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas, peculiar to a particular nation. 4. The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style. Others for language all their care express. Pope. 5. The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man express their feelings or their wants. 6. The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers. There was . . . language in their very gesture. Shak. 7. The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology. 8. A race, as distinguished by its speech. [R.] All the people, the nations, and the languages, fell down and worshiped the golden image. Dan. iii. 7. Language master, a teacher of languages.[Obs.] Syn. -- Speech; tongue; idiom; dialect; phraseology; diction; discourse; conversation; talk. -- Language, Speech, Tongue, Idiom, Dialect. Language is generic, denoting, in its most extended use, any mode of conveying ideas; speech is the language of articulate sounds; tongue is the Anglo-Saxon tern for language, esp. for spoken language; as, the English tongue. Idiom denotes the forms of construction peculiar to a particular language; dialects are varieties if expression which spring up in different parts of a country among people speaking substantially the same language. Language Lan"guage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Languaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Languaging (?).] To communicate by language; to express in language. Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense. Fuller. Languaged Lan"guaged (?), a. Having a language; skilled in language; -- chiefly used in composition. " Manylanguaged nations." Pope. Languageless Lan"guage*less (?), a. Lacking or wanting language; speechless; silent. Shak. Langued Langued (?), a. [F. langue tongue. See Language.] (Her.) Tongued; having the tongue visible. Lions . . . represented as armed and langued gules. Cussans. Langue d'oc Langue` d'oc" (?). [F., language of oc yes.] The dialect, closely akin to French, formerly spoken south of the Loire (in which the word for "yes" was oc); Provencal. Langue d'o\'8bl Langue` d'o\'8bl" (?). [F., language of o\'8bl yes.] The dialect formerly spoken north of the Loire (in which the word for "yes" was o\'8bl, F. oui). Languente Lan*guen"te (?), adv. [It., p. pr. of languire. See Languish.] (Mus.) In a languishing manner; pathetically. Languet Lan"guet, n. [F. languette, dim. of langue tongue, L. lingua.] 1. Anything resembling the tongue in form or office; specif., the slip of metal in an organ pipe which turns the current of air toward its mouth. 2. That part of the hilt, in certain kinds of swords, which overlaps the scabbard. Languid Lan"guid (?), a. [L. languidus, fr. languere to be faint or languid: cf. F. languide. See Languish.] 1. Drooping or flagging from exhaustion; indisposed to exertion; without animation; weak; weary; heavy; dull. " Languid, powerless limbs. " Armstrong. Fire their languid souls with Cato's virtue. Addison. 2. Slow in progress; tardy. " No motion so swift or languid." Bentley. 3. Promoting or indicating weakness or heaviness; as, a languid day. Feebly she laugheth in the languid moon. Keats. Their idleness, aimless and languid airs. W. Black. Syn. -- Feeble; weak; faint; sickly; pining; exhausted; weary; listless; heavy; dull; heartless. -- Lan"guid*ly, adv. -- Lan"guid*ness, n. Languish Lan"guish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Languished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Languishing.] [OE. languishen, languissen, F. languir, L. languere; cf. Gr. lakra to lag behind; prob. akin to E. lag, lax, and perh. to E. slack.See -ish.] 1. To become languid or weak; to lose strength or animation; to be or become dull, feeble or spiritless; to pine away; to wither or fade. We . . . do languish of such diseases. 2 Esdras viii. 31. Cease, fond nature, cease thy strife, And let me landguish into life. Pope. For the fields of Heshbon languish. Is. xvi. 8. 2. To assume an expression of weariness or tender grief, appealing for sympathy. Tennyson. Syn. -- To pine; wither; fade; droop; faint. Languish Lan"guish (?), v. i. To cause to dr [Obs.] Shak. Dryden. Languish Lan"guish, n. See Languishiment. [Obs. or Poetic] What, of death, too, That rids our dogs of languish ? Shak. And the blue languish of soft Allia's eye. Pope. Languisher Lan"guish*er (?), n. One who languishes. Languishing Lan"guish*ing, a. 1. Becoming languid and weak; pining; losing health and strength. 2. Amorously pensive; as, languishing eyes, or look. Languishingly Lan"guish*ing*ly, adv. In a languishing manner. Languishment Lan"guish*ment (?), n. 1. The state of languishing. " Lingering languishment." Shak. 2. Tenderness of look or mien; amorous pensiveness. Languishness Lan"guish*ness, n. Languishment. [Obs.] Languor Lan"guor (?), n. [OE. langour, OF. langour, F. langueur, L. languor. See Languish.] 1. A state of the body or mind which is caused by exhaustion of strength and characterized by a languid feeling; feebleness; lassitude; laxity. 2. Any enfeebling disease. [Obs.] Sick men with divers languors. Wyclif (Luke iv. 40). 3. Listless indolence; dreaminess. Pope. " German dreams, Italian languors." The Century. Syn. -- Feebleness; weakness; faintness; weariness; dullness; heaviness; lassitude; listlessness. Languorous Lan"guor*ous (?), a. [From Languor: cf. F. langoureux.] Producing, or tending to produce, languor; characterized by languor. [Obs. or Poetic] Whom late I left in languorous constraint. Spenser. To wile the length from languorous hours, and draw The sting from pain. Tennyson. Langure Lan"gure (?), v. i. To languish. [Obs.] Chaucer. Langya Lan"gya (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) [Native name Anglicized.] One of several species of East Indian and Asiatic fresh-water fishes of the genus Ophiocephalus, remarkable for their power of living out of water, and for their tenacity of life; -- called also walking fishes. Laniard Lan"iard (?), n. See Lanyard. Laniariform La`ni*ar"i*form (?), a. [Laniary + -form.] (Anat.) Shaped like a laniary, or canine, tooth. Owen. Laniary La"ni*a*ry (?), a. [L. laniarius, fr. lanius butcher, laniare to tear in pieces: cf. F. laniaire.] (Anat.) Lacerating or tearing; as, the laniary canine teeth. Laniary La"ni*a*ry, n. [L. Laniary, a.] 1. The shambles; a place of slaughter. [R.] 2. (Anat.) A laniary, or canine, tooth. Laniate La"ni*ate (?), v. t. [L. laniatus, p. p. of laniare.] To tear in pieces. [R.] Laniation La`ni*a"tion (?), n. [L. laniatio.] A tearing in pieces. [R.] Lanier Lan"ier (?), n. [F. lani\'8are. See Lanyard.] [Written also lanner, lanyer.] 1. A thong of leather; a whip lash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. A strap used to fasten together parts of armor, to hold the shield by, and the like. Fairholt. Laniferous La*nif"er*ous (?), n. [L. lanifer; lana wool + ferre to bear: cf. F. lanif\'8are.] Bearing or producing wool. Lanifical La*nif"i*cal (?), a. [L. lanificus; lana wool + facere to make.] Working in wool. Lanifice Lan"i*fice (?), n. [L. lanificium: cf. OF. lanifice.] Anything made of wool. [Obs.] Bacon. Lanigerous La*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. laniger; lano wool + gerere to hear.] Bearing or producing wool. Lanioid La"ni*oid (?), a. [NL. Lanius (fr. L. lanius a butcher), the typical genus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the shrikes (family Laniid\'91). Lank Lank (?), a. [Compar. Lanker (?); superl. Lankest.] [AS. hlanc; cf. G. lenken to turn, gelenk joint, OHG. hlanca hip, side, flank, and E. link of a chain.] 1. Slender and thin; not well filled out; not plump; shrunken; lean. Meager and lank with fasting grown. Swift. Who would not choose . . . to have rather a lank purse than an empty brain? Barrow. 2. Languid; drooping.[Obs.] Who, piteous of her woes, reared her lank head. Milton. Lank hair, long, thin hair. Macaulay. Lank Lank, v. i. & t. To become lank; to make lank. [Obs.] Shak. G. Fletcher. Lankiness Lank"i*ness (?), n. The condition or quality or being lanky. Lankly Lank"ly, adv. In a lank manner. Lankness Lank"ness, n. The state or quality of being lank. Lanky Lank"y, a. Somewhat lank. Thackeray. The lanky Dinka, nearly seven feet in height. The Century. Lanner, n. f. Lanneret Lan"ner (?), n. f. Lan"ner*et (?), n. m. [F. lanier, OF. also, lasnier. Cf. Lanyard.] (Zo\'94l.) A long-tailed falcon (Falco lanarius), of Southern Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa, resembling the American prairie falcon. Lanolin Lan"o*lin (?), n. [L. lana wool + oleum oil.] (Physiol. Chem.) A peculiar fatlike body, made up of cholesterin and certain fatty acids, found in feathers, hair, wool, and keratin tissues generally. NOTE: &hand; Un der th e sa me na me, it is prepared from wool for commercial purposes, and forms an admirable basis for ointments, being readily absorbed by the skin. _________________________________________________________________ Page 829 Lanseh Lan"seh (?), n. The small, whitish brown fruit of an East Indian tree (Lansium domesticum). It has a fleshy pulp, with an agreeable subacid taste. Balfour. Lansquenet Lans"que*net (?), n. [F., fr. G. landsknecht a foot soldier, also a game of cards introduced by these foot soldiers; land country + knecht boy, servant. See Land, and Knight.] 1. A German foot soldier in foreign service in the 15th and 16th centuries; a soldier of fortune; -- a term used in France and Western Europe. 2. A game at cards, vulgarly called lambskinnet. [They play] their little game of lansquenet. Longfellow. Lant Lant (?), n. Urine. [Prov. Eng.] Nares. Lant Lant, n. [Cf. Lance.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small, slender, marine fishes of the genus Ammedytes. The common European species (A. tobianus) and the American species (A. Americanus) live on sandy shores, buried in the sand, and are caught in large quantities for bait. Called also launce, and sand eel. Lant Lant, n. See Lanterloo. [Obs.] Halliwell. Lantanium, Lantanum Lan*ta"ni*um (?), Lan"ta*num (?), n. (Chem.) See Lanthanum. Lantanuric Lan`ta*nu"ric (?), a. [Formed by transposition of the letters of allantoin and -uric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous organic acid of the uric acid group, obtained by the decomposition of allantoin, and usually called allanturic acid. Lanterloo Lan"ter*loo` (?), n. An old name of loo (a). Lantern Lan"tern (?), n. [F. lanterne, L. lanterna, laterna, from Gr. Lamp.] 1. Something inclosing a light, and protecting it from wind, rain, etc. ; -- sometimes portable, as a closed vessel or case of horn, perforated tin, glass, oiled paper, or other material, having a lamp or candle within; sometimes fixed, as the glazed inclosure of a street light, or of a lighthouse light. 2. (Arch.) (a) An open structure of light material set upon a roof, to give light and air to the interior. (b) A cage or open chamber of rich architecture, open below into the building or tower which it crowns. (c) A smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for ornament, or to admit light; such as the lantern of the cupola of the Capitol at Washington, or that of the Florence cathedral. 3. (Mach.) A lantern pinion or trundle wheel. See Lantern pinion (below). 4. (Steam Engine) A kind of cage inserted in a stuffing box and surrounding a piston rod, to separate the packing into two parts and form a chamber between for the reception of steam, etc. ; -- called also lantern brass. 5. (Founding) A perforated barrel to form a core upon. 6. (Zo\'94l.) See Aristotle's lantern. NOTE: &hand; Fi g. 1 re presents a ha nd la ntern; fig. 2, an arm lantern; fig. 3, a breast lantern; -- so named from the positions in which they are carried. Dark lantern, a lantern with a single opening, which may be closed so as to conceal the light; -- called also bull's-eye. -- Lantern fly, Lantern carrier (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large, handsome, hemipterous insects of the genera Laternaria, Fulgora, and allies, of the family Fulgorid\'91. The largest species is Laternaria phosphorea of Brazil. The head of some species has been supposed to be phosphorescent. -- Lantern jaws, long, thin jaws; hence, a thin visage. -- Lantern pinion, Lantern wheel (Mach.), a kind of pinion or wheel having cylindrical bars or trundles, instead of teeth, inserted at their ends in two parallel disks or plates; -- so called as resembling a lantern in shape; -- called also wallower, or trundle. -- Lantern shell (Zo\'94l.), any translucent, marine, bivalve shell of the genus Anatina, and allied genera. -- Magic lantern, an optical instrument consisting of a case inclosing a light, and having suitable lenses in a lateral tube, for throwing upon a screen, in a darkened room or the like, greatly magnified pictures from slides placed in the focus of the outer lens. Lantern Lan"tern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lanterned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lanterning.] [Cf. F. lanterner to hang at the lamp post, fr. lanterne. See Lantern.] To furnish with a lantern; as, to lantern a lighthouse. Lantern-jawed Lan"tern-jawed` (?), a. Having lantern jaws or long, thin jaws; as, a lantern-jawed person. Lanthanite Lan"tha*nite (?), n. (Min.) Hydrous carbonate of lanthanum, found in tabular while crystals. Lanthanum Lan"tha*num (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.) A rare element of the group of the earth metals, allied to aluminium. It occurs in certain rare minerals, as cerite, gadolinite, orthite, etc., and was so named from the difficulty of separating it from cerium, didymium, and other rare elements with which it is usually associated. Atomic weight 138.5. Symbol La. [Formerly written also lanthanium.] Lanthopine Lan"tho*pine (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline substance. Lanthorn Lan"thorn (?), n. See Lantern. [Obs.] Lanuginose, Lanuginous La*nu"gi*nose` (?), La*nu"gi*nous (?), a. [L. lanuginosus, fr. lanugo, -ginis, woolly substance, down, fr. lana wool: cf. F. lanugineux.] Covered with down, or fine soft hair; downy. Lanugo La*nu"go (?), n. [See Lanuginose.] (Anat.) The soft woolly hair which covers most parts of the mammal fetus, and in man is shed before or soon after birth. Lanyard Lan"yard (?), n. [F.lani\'8are thong, strap, OF. lasniere, fr. lasne strap, thong, L. lacinia lappet. flap, edge of a garment. Cf. Lanier.] [Written also laniard.] 1. (Naut.) A short piece of rope or line for fastening something in ships; as, the lanyards of the gun ports, of the buoy, and the like; esp., pieces passing through the dead-eyes, and used to extend shrouds, stays, etc. 2. (Mil.) A strong cord, about twelve feet long, with an iron hook at one end a handle at the other, used in firing cannon with a friction tube. Lanyer Lan"yer (?), n. See Lanier. Laoco\'94n La*oc"o*\'94n (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Class. Myth.) A priest of Apollo, during the Trojan war. (See 2.) 2. (Sculp.) A marble group in the Vatican at Rome, representing the priest Laoco\'94n, with his sons, infolded in the coils of two serpents, as described by Virgil. Laodicean La*od`i*ce"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Laodicea, a city in Phrygia Major; like the Christians of Laodicea; lukewarm in religion. Rev. iii. 14-16. Lap Lap (?), n. [OE. lappe, AS. l\'91ppa; akin to D. lap patch, piece, G. lappen, OHG. lappa, Dan. lap, Sw. lapp.] 1. The loose part of a coat; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely; a skirt; an apron. Chaucer. 2. An edge; a border; a hem, as of cloth. Chaucer. If he cuts off but a lap of truth's garment, his heart smites him. Fuller. 3. The part of the clothing that lies on the knees or thighs when one sits down; that part of the person thus covered; figuratively, a place of rearing and fostering; as, to be reared in the lap of luxury. Men expect that happiness should drop into their laps. Tillotson. 4. That part of any substance or fixture which extends over, or lies upon, or by the side of, a part of another; as, the lap of a board; also, the measure of such extension over or upon another thing. NOTE: &hand; Th e la p of sh ingles or sl ates in roofing is the distance one course extends over the second course below, the distance over the course immediately below being called the cover. 5. (Steam Engine) The amount by which a slide valve at its half stroke overlaps a port in the seat, being equal to the distance the valve must move from its mid stroke position in order to begin to open the port. Used alone, lap refers to outside lap. See Outside lap (below). 6. The state or condition of being in part extended over or by the side of something else; or the extent of the overlapping; as, the second boat got a lap of half its length on the leader. 7. One circuit around a race track, esp. when the distance is a small fraction of a mile; as, to run twenty laps; to win by three laps. See Lap, to fold, 2. 8. In card playing and other games, the points won in excess of the number necessary to complete a game; -- so called when they are counted in the score of the following game. 9. (Cotton Manuf.) A sheet, layer, or bat, of cotton fiber prepared for the carding machine. 10. (Mach.) A piece of brass, lead, or other soft metal, used to hold a cutting or polishing powder in cutting glass, gems, and the like, or in polishing cutlery, etc. It is usually in the form of wheel or disk, which revolves on a vertical axis. Lap joint, a joint made by one layer, part, or piece, overlapping another, as in the scarfing of timbers. -- Lap weld, a lap joint made by welding together overlapping edges or ends. -- Inside lap (Steam Engine), lap of the valve with respect to the exhaust port. -- Outside lap, lap with respect to the admission, or steam, port. Lap Lap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lapped (; p. pr. & vb. n. Lapping.] 1. To rest or recline in a lap, or as in a lap. To lap his head on lady's breast. Praed. 2. To cut or polish with a lap, as glass, gems, cutlery, etc. See 1st Lap, 10. Lap Lap, v. t. [OE. lappen to fold (see Lap, n.); cf. also OE. wlappen, perh. another form of wrappen, E, wrap.] 1. To fold; to bend and lay over or on something; as, to lap a piece of cloth. 2. To wrap or wind around something. About the paper . . . I lapped several times a slender thread of very black silk. Sir I. Newton. 3. To infold; to hold as in one's lap; to cherish. Her garment spreads, and laps him in the folds. Dryden. 4. To lay or place over anything so as to partly or wholly cover it; as, to lap one shingle over another; to lay together one partly over another; as, to lap weather-boards; also, to be partly over, or by the side of (something); as, the hinder boat lapped the foremost one. 5. (Carding & Spinning) To lay together one over another, as fleeces or slivers for further working. To lap boards, shingles, etc., to lay one partly over another. -- To lap timbers, to unite them in such a way as to preserve the same breadth and depth throughout, as by scarfing. Weale. Lap Lap, v. i. To be turned or folded; to lie partly upon or by the side of something, or of one another; as, the cloth laps back; the boats lap; the edges lap. The upper wings are opacous; at their hinder ends, where they lap over, transparent, like the wing of a flay. Grew. Lap Lap (?), v. i. [OE. lappen, lapen, AS. lapian; akin to LG. lappen, OHG. laffan, Icel. lepja, Dan. lade, Sw. l\'84ppja, L. lambere; cf. Gr. llepio. Cf. Lambent.] 1. To take up drink or food with the tongue; to drink or feed by licking up something. The dogs by the River Nilus's side, being thirsty, lap hastily as they run along the shore. Sir K. Digby. 2. To make a sound like that produced by taking up drink with the tongue. I heard the ripple washing in the reeds, And the wild water lapping on the crag. Tennyson. Lap Lap, v. t. To take into the mouth with the tongue; to lick up with a quick motion of the tongue. They 'II take suggestion as a cat laps milk. Shak. Lap Lap, n. 1. The act of lapping with, or as with, the tongue; as, to take anything into the mouth with a lap. 2. The sound of lapping. Laparocele Lap"a*ro*cele` (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A rupture or hernia in the lumbar regions. Laparotomy Lap`a*rot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) A cutting through the walls of the abdomen, as in the C\'91sarean section. Lapboard Lap"board` (?), n. A board used on the lap as a substitute for a table, as by tailors. Lapdog Lap"dog` (?), n. A small dog fondled in the lap. Lapel La*pel" (?), n. [Dim. of lap a fold.] That part of a garment which is turned back; specifically, the lap, or fold, of the front of a coat in continuation of collar. [Written also lappel and lapelle.] Lapelled La*pelled" (?), a. Furnished with lapels. Lapful Lap"ful (?), n.; pl. Lapfuls (. As much as the lap can contain. Lapicide Lap"i*cide (?), n. [L. lapicida, fr. lapis stone + caedere to cut.] A stonecutter. [Obs.] Lapidarian Lap`i*da"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to stone; inscribed on stone; as, a lapidarian record. Lapidarious Lap`i*da"ri*ous (?), a. [L. lapidarius, fr. lapis, -idis, stone.] Consisting of stones. Lapidary Lap"i*da*ry (?), n. ; pl. Lapidaries (#). [L. lapidarius, fr. lapidarius pertaining to stone: cf. F. lapidaire.] 1. An artificer who cuts, polishes, and engraves precious stones; hence, a dealer in precious stones. 2. A virtuoso skilled in gems or precious stones; a connoisseur of lapidary work. Lapidary's lathe, mill, or wheel, a machine consisting essentially of a revolving lap on a vertical spindle, used by a lapidary for grinding and polishing. Lapidary Lap"i*da*ry, a. [L. lapidarius pertaining to stone: cf. F. lapidaire.] 1. Of or pertaining to the art of cutting stones, or engraving on stones, either gems or monuments; as, lapidary ornamentation. 2. Of or pertaining to monumental inscriptions; as, lapidary adulation. Lapidary style, that style which is proper for monumental and other inscriptions; terse; sententious. Lapidate Lap"i*date (?), v. t. [L.lapidatus, p. p. of lapidare, fr. lapis stone.] To stone. [Obs.] Lapidation Lap`i*da"tion (?), n. [L. lapidatio: cf. F. lapidation.] The act of stoning. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Lapideous La*pid"e*ous (?), a. [L. lapideus, fr. lapis stone.] Of the nature of stone; [Obs.] Ray. Lapidescence Lap`i*des"cence (?), n. 1. The state or quality of being lapidescent. 2. A hardening into a stone substance. 3. A stony concretion. Sir T. Browne. Lapidescent Lap`i*des"cent (?), a. [L. lapidescens, p. pr. of lapidescere to become stone, fr. lapis, -idis, stone: cf. F. lapidescent.] Undergoing the process of becoming stone; having the capacity of being converted into stone; having the quality of petrifying bodies. Lapidescent Lap"i*des"cent, n. Any substance which has the quality of petrifying other bodies, or of converting or being converted into stone. Lapidific, Lapidifical Lap`i*dif"ic (?), Lap`i*dif"ic*al (?), a. [L. lapis, -idis, stone + facere to make: cf. F. lapidifique.] Forming or converting into stone. Lapidification La*pid`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. lapidification.] The act or process of lapidifying; fossilization; petrifaction. Lapidify La*pid"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lapidified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lapidifying (?).] [Cf. f. lapidifier. See Lapidific, and -fy.] To convert into stone or stony material; to petrify. Lapidify La*pid"i*fy, v. i. To become stone or stony Lapidist Lap"i*dist (?), n. [L. lapis, -idis, a stone.] A lapidary. Ray. Lapillation Lap"il*la"tion (?), n.[See Lapilli.] The state of being, or the act of making, stony. Lapilli La*pil"li (?), n. pl. [L. lapillus a little stone, dim. of lapis stone.] (Min.) Volcanic ashes, consisting of small, angular, stony fragments or particles. Lapis La"pis (?), n.; pl. Lapides (#). [L.] A stone. Lapis calaminaris (. [NL.] (Min.) Calamine. -- Lapis infernalis (. [L.] Fused nitrate of silver; lunar caustic. Lapis lazuli La"pis laz"u*li (?). (Min.) An albuminous mineral of a rich blue color. Same as Lazuli, which see.<-- lapis, for short --> Lap-jointed Lap"-joint`ed (?), a.Having a lap joint, or lap joints, as many kinds of woodwork and metal work. Laplander Lap"land*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Lapland; -- called also Lapp. Laplandish Lap"land*ish, a. Of or pertaining to Lapland. Lapling Lap"ling (?), n. [Lap of a garment + ling.] One who has been fondled to excess; one fond of ease and sensual delights; -- a term of contempt. Lapp Lapp (?), n. Same as Laplander. Cf. Lapps. _________________________________________________________________ Page 830 Lappaceous Lap*pa"ceous (?), a. [L. lappaceus burlike, fr. lappa a bur.] (Bot.) Resembling the capitulum of burdock; covered with forked points. Lapper Lap"per (?), n. [From Lap to drink.] One who takes up food or liquid with his tongue. Lappet Lap"pet (?), n. [Dim. of lap a fold.] A small decorative fold or flap, esp, of lace or muslin, in a garment or headdress. Swift. Lappet moth (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of bombycid moths, which have stout, hairy caterpillars, flat beneath. Two common American species (Gastropacha Americana, and Tolype velleda) feed upon the apple tree. Lappet Lap"pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lappeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Lappeting.] To decorate with, or as with, a lappet. [R.] Landor. Lappic Lap"pic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Lapland, or the Lapps. -- n. The language of the Lapps. See Lappish. Lapping Lap"ping (?), n. A kind of machine blanket or wrapping material used by calico printers. Ure. Lapping engine, Lapping machine (Textile Manuf.), A machine for forming fiber info a lap. See its Lap, 9. Lappish Lap"pish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Lapps; Laplandish. -- n. The language spoken by the Lapps in Lapland. It is related to the Finnish and Hungarian, and is not an Aryan language. Lapponian, Lapponic Lap*po"ni*an (?), Lap*pon"ic (?), a. Laplandish; Lappish. Lapps Lapps (?), n. pl.; sing. Lapp (. (Ethnol.) A branch of the Mongolian race, now living in the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, and the adjacent parts of Russia. Lapsable Laps"a*ble (?), a. Lapsible. Cudworth. Lapse Lapse (?), n. [L. lapsus, fr. labi, p. p. lapsus, to slide, to fall: cf. F. laps. See Sleep.] 1. A gliding, slipping, or gradual falling; an unobserved or imperceptible progress or passing away,; -- restricted usually to immaterial things, or to figurative uses. The lapse to indolence is soft and imperceptible. Rambler. Bacon was content to wait the lapse of long centuries for his expected revenue of fame. I. Taylor. 2. A slip; an error; a fault; a failing in duty; a slight deviation from truth or rectitude. To guard against those lapses and failings to which our infirmities daily expose us. Rogers. 3. (Law) The termination of a right or privilege through neglect to exercise it within the limited time, or through failure of some contingency; hence, the devolution of a right or privilege. 4. (Theol.) A fall or apostasy. Lapse Lapse, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lapsed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Lapsing.] 1. To pass slowly and smoothly downward, backward, or away; to slip downward, backward, or away; to glide; -- mostly restricted to figurative uses. A tendency to lapse into the barbarity of those northern nations from whom we are descended. Swift. Homer, in his characters of Vulcan and Thersites, has lapsed into the burlesque character. Addison. 2. To slide or slip in moral conduct; to fail in duty; to fall from virtue; to deviate from rectitude; to commit a fault by inadvertence or mistake. To lapse in fullness Is sorer than to lie for need. Shak. 3. (Law) (a) To fall or pass from one proprietor to another, or from the original destination, by the omission, negligence, or failure of some one, as a patron, a legatee, etc. (b) To become ineffectual or void; to fall. If the archbishop shall not fill it up within six months ensuing, it lapses to the king. Ayliffe. Lapse Lapse, v. t. 1. To let slip; to permit to devolve on another; to allow to pass. An appeal may be deserted by the appellant's lapsing the term of law. Ayliffe. 2. To surprise in a fault or error; hence, to surprise or catch, as an offender. [Obs.] For which, if be lapsed in this place, I shall pay dear. Shak. Lapsed Lapsed (?), a. 1. Having slipped downward, backward, or away; having lost position, privilege, etc., by neglect; -- restricted to figurative uses. Once more I will renew His lapsed powers, though forfeit. Milton. 2. Ineffectual, void, or forfeited; as, a lapsed policy of insurance; a lapsed legacy. Lapsed devise, Lapsed legacy (Law), a devise, or legacy, which fails to take effect in consequence of the death of the devisee, or legatee, before that of the testator, or for ether cause. Wharton (Law Dict.). Lapsible Laps"i*ble (?), a. Liable to lapse. Lapsided Lap"sid`ed (?), a. See Lopsided. Lapstone Lap"stone` (?), n. A stone for the lap, on which shoemakers beat leather. Lapstreak, Lapstrake Lap"streak` (?), Lap"strake` (?), a. Made with boards whose edges lap one over another; clinker-built; -- said of boats. Laputan La*pu"tan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Laputa, an imaginary flying island described in Gulliver's Travels as the home of chimerical philosophers. Hence, fanciful; preposterous; absurd in science or philosophy. "Laputan ideas." G. Eliot. Lap-welded Lap"-weld`ed (?), a Having edges or ends united by a lap weld; as, a lap-welded pipe. Lapwing Lap"wing` (?), n. [OE.lapwynke, leepwynke, AS. hle\'a0pewince; hle\'a0pan to leap, jump + (prob.) a word akin to AS. wincian to wink, E. wink, AS. wancol wavering; cf. G. wanken to stagger, waver. See Leap, and Wink.] (Zo\'94l.) A small European bird of the Plover family (Vanellus cristatus, or V. vanellus). It has long and broad wings, and is noted for its rapid, irregular fight, upwards, downwards, and in circles. Its back is coppery or greenish bronze. Its eggs are the "plover's eggs" of the London market, esteemed a delicacy. It is called also peewit, dastard plover, and wype. The gray lapwing is the Squatarola cinerea. Lapwork Lap"work` (?), n. Work in which one part laps over another. Grew. Laguay Lag"uay (?), n. A lackey. [Obs.] Evelyn. Laquear La"que*ar (?), n.; pl. Laquearia (#). [L.] (Arch.) A lacunar. Laqueary Laq"ue*a*ry (?), a. [L. laqueus a noose.] Using a noose, as a gladiator. [Obs. or R.] Retiary and laqueary combatants. Sir T. Browne. Lar Lar (?), n.; pl. Lares (#), sometimes Lars (#). [L.] (Rom. Myth.) A tutelary deity; a deceased ancestor regarded as a protector of the family. The domestic Lares were the tutelar deities of a house; household gods. Hence, Eng.: Hearth or dwelling house. Nor will she her dear Lar forget, Victorious by his benefit. Lovelace. The Lars and Lemures moan with midnight plaint. Milton. Looking backward in vain toward their Lares and lands. Longfellow. Lar Lar (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of gibbon (Hylobates lar), found in Burmah. Called also white-handed gibbon. Laramie group Lar"a*mie group` (?). (Geol.) An extensive series of strata, principally developed in the Rocky Mountain region, as in the Laramie Mountains, and formerly supposed to be of the Tertiary age, but now generally regarded as Cretaceous, or of intermediate and transitional character. It contains beds of lignite, often valuable for coal, and is hence also called the lignitic group. See Chart of Geology. Larboard Lar"board` (?), n. [Lar- is of uncertain origin, possibly the same as lower, i. e., humbler in rank, because the starboard side is considered by mariners as higher in rank; cf. D. laag low, akin to E. low. See Board, n., 8.] (Naut.) The left-hand side of a ship to one on board facing toward the bow; port; -- opposed to starboard. NOTE: &hand; La rboard is a ne arly ob solete te rm, ha ving been superseded by port to avoid liability of confusion with starboard, owing to similarity of sound. Larboard Lar"board`, a. On or pertaining to the left-hand side of a vessel; port; as, the larboard quarter. Larcener, Larcenist Lar"ce*ner (?), Lar"ce*nist (?), n. One who commits larceny. Larcenous Lar"ce*nous (?), a. [Cf. OE. larrecinos. See Larceny.] Having the character of larceny; as, a larcenous act; committing larceny. "The larcenous and burglarious world." Sydney Smith. -- Lar"ce*nous*ly, adv. Larceny Lar"ce*ny (?), n.; pl. Larcenies (#). [F. larcin, OE. larrecin, L. latrocinium, fr. latro robber, mercenary, hired servant; cf. Gr. (Latrociny.] (Law) The unlawful taking and carrying away of things personal with intent to deprive the right owner of the same; theft. Cf. Embezzlement. Grand larceny AND Petit larceny are distinctions having reference to the nature or value of the property stolen. They are abolished in England. -- Mixed, OR Compound, larceny, that which, under statute, includes in it the aggravation of a taking from a building or the person. -- Simple larceny, that which is not accompanied with any aggravating circumstances. Larch Larch (?), n. [Cf. OE. larege (Cotgrave), It.larice, Sp. larice, alerce, G. l\'84rche; all fr. L. larix, -icis, Gr. ( (Bot.) A genus of coniferous trees, having deciduous leaves, in fascicles (see Illust. of Fascicle). NOTE: The European larch is Larix Europ\'91a. The American or black larch is L. Americana, the hackmatack or tamarack. The trees are generally of a drooping, graceful appearance. Larchen Larch"en (?), a. Of or pertaining to the larch. Keats. Lard Lard (?), n. [F., bacon, pig's fat, L. lardum, laridum; cf. Gr. ( 1. Bacon; the flesh of swine. [Obs.] Dryden. 2. The fat of swine, esp. the internal fat of the abdomen; also, this fat melted and strained. Lard oil, an illuminating and lubricating oil expressed from lard. -- Leaf lard, the internal fat of the hog, separated in leaves or masses from the kidneys, etc.; also, the same melted. Lard Lard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Larded; p. pr. & vb. n. Larding.] [F. larder. See Lard, n.] 1. To stuff with bacon; to dress or enrich with lard; esp., to insert lardons of bacon or pork in the surface of, before roasting; as, to lard poultry. And larded thighs on loaded altars laid. Dryden. 2. To fatten; to enrich. [The oak] with his nuts larded many a swine. Spenser. Falstaff sweats to death. And lards the lean earth as he walks along. Shak. 3. To smear with lard or fat. In his buff doublet larded o'er with fat Of slaughtered brutes. Somerville. 4. To mix or garnish with something, as by way of improvement; to interlard. Shak. Let no alien Sedley interpose To lard with wit thy hungry Epsom prose. Dryden. Lard Lard (?), v. i. To grow fat. [Obs.] Lardacein Lar`da*ce"in (?), n. [See Lardaceous.] (Physiol. Chem.) A peculiar amyloid substance, colored blue by iodine and sulphuric acid, occurring mainly as an abnormal infiltration into the spleen, liver, etc. Lardaceous Lar*da"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. lardac\'82.] Consisting of, or resembling, lard. Lardaceous degeneration (Med.), amyloid degeneration. Larder Lard"er (?), n. [OF. lardier. See Lard, n.] A room or place where meat and other articles of food are kept before they are cooked. Shak. Larderer Lard"er*er (?), n. One in charge of the larder. Lardery Lard"er*y, n. [Cf. OE. larderie.] A larder. [Obs.] Lardon, Lardoon Lar"don (?), Lar*doon" (?), n. [F. lardon, fr. lard lard.] A bit of fat pork or bacon used in larding. Lardry Lard"ry (?), n. [See Lardery.] A larder. [Obs.] Lardy Lard"y (?), a. Containing, or resembling, lard; of the character or consistency of lard. Lare Lare (?), n. [See Lore.] Lore; learning. [Obs.] Lare Lare, n. Pasture; feed. See Lair. [Obs.] Spenser. Lare Lare, v. t. To feed; to fatten. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Lares La"res (?), n. pl. See 1st Lar. Large Large (?), a. [Compar. Larger (?); superl. Largest.] [F., fr. L. largus. Cf. Largo.] 1. Exceeding most other things of like in bulk, capacity, quantity, superficial dimensions, or number of constituent units; big; great; capacious; extensive; -- opposed to small; as, a nlarge horse; a large house or room; a large lake or pool; a large jug or spoon; a large vineyard; a large army; a large city. NOTE: &hand; For linear dimensions, and mere extent, great, and not large, is used as a qualifying word; as, great length, breadth, depth; a great distance; a great height. 2. Abundant; ample; as, a large supply of provisions. We hare yet large day. Milton. 3. Full in statement; diffuse; full; profuse. I might be very large upon the importance and advantages of education. Felton. 4. Having more than usual power or capacity; having broad sympathies and generous impulses; comprehensive; -- said of the mind and heart. 5. Free; unembarrassed. [Obs.] Of burdens all he set the Paynims large. Fairfax. 6. Unrestrained by decorum; -- said of language. [Obs.] "Some large jests he will make." Shak. 7. Prodigal in expending; lavish. [Obs.] Chaucer. 8. (Naut.) Crossing the line of a ship's course in a favorable direction; -- said of the wind when it is abeam, or between the beam and the quarter. At large. (a) Without restraint or confinement; as, to go at large; to be left at large. (b) Diffusely; fully; in the full extent; as, to discourse on a subject at large. -- Common at large. See under Common, n. -- Electors at large, Representative at large, electors, or a representative, as in Congress, chosen to represent the whole of a State, in distinction from those chosen to represent particular districts in a State. [U. S.] -- To give, go, run, OR sail large (Naut.), to have the wind crossing the direction of a vessel's course in such a way that the sails feel its full force, and the vessel gains its highest speed. See Large, a., 8. Syn. -- Big; bulky; huge; capacious; comprehensive; ample; abundant; plentiful; populous; copious; diffusive; liberal. Large Large, adv. Freely; licentiously. [Obs.] Chaucer. Large Large, n. (Mus.) A musical note, formerly in use, equal to two longs, four breves, or eight semibreves. Large-acred Large"-a`cred (?), a. Possessing much land. Large-handed Large"-hand`ed (?), a. Having large hands, Fig.: Taking, or giving, in large quantities; rapacious or bountiful. Large-hearted Large"-heart`ed (?), a. Having a large or generous heart or disposition; noble; liberal. -- Large"-heart`ed*ness, n. Largely Large"ly, adv. In a large manner. Dryden. Milton. Largeness Large"ness, n. The quality or state of being large. Largess, Largesse Lar"gess, Lar"gesse (?), n. [F. largesse, fr. large. See Large, a.] 1. Liberality; generosity; bounty. [Obs.] Fulfilled of largesse and of all grace. Chaucer. 2. A present; a gift; a bounty bestowed. The heralds finished their proclamation with their usual cry of "Largesse, largesse, gallant knights!" and gold and silver pieces were showered on them from the galleries. Sir W. Scott. Larget Lar"get (?), n. [Cf. F. larget.] A sport piece of bar iron for rolling into a sheet; a small billet. Larghetto Lar*ghet"to (?), a. & adv. [It., dim. of largo largo.] (Mus.) Somewhat slow or slowly, but not so slowly as largo, and rather more so than andante. Largifical Lar*gif"i*cal (?), a. [L. largificus; largus large + facere.] Generous; ample; liberal. [Obs.] Largifluous Lar*gif"lu*ous (?), a. [L. largifiuus; large abundantly + fluere to flow.] Flowing copiously. [Obs.] Largiloquent Lar*gil"o*quent (?), a. [Cf. L. largiloquus.] Grandiloquent. [Obs.] Largish Lar"gish (?), a. Somewhat large. [Colloq.] Largition Lar*gi"tion (?), [L. largitio, fr. largiri, p. p. largitus, to give bountifully.] The bestowment of a largess or gift. [Obs.] Largo Lar"go (?), a. & adv. [It., large, L. largus, See Large.] (Mus.) Slow or slowly; -- more so than adagio; next in slowness to grave, which is also weighty and solemn. -- n. A movement or piece in largo time. Lariat Lar"i*at (?), n. [Sp. la reata the rope; la the + reata rope. Cf. Reata.] A long, slender rope made of hemp or strips of hide, esp. one with a noose; -- used as a lasso for catching cattle, horses, etc., and for picketing a horse so that he can graze without wandering. [Mexico & Western U.S.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 831 Lariat Lar"i*at (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lariated; p. pr. & vb. n. Lariating.] To secure with a lariat fastened to a stake, as a horse or mule for grazing; also, to lasso or catch with a lariat. [Western U.S.] Larine La"rine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Gull family (Larid\'91). Larixinic Lar`ix*in"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, or derived from, the larch (Larix); as, larixinic acid. Lark Lark (?), n. [Perh fr. AS. l\'bec play, sport. Cf. Lake, v. i.] A frolic; a jolly time. [Colloq.] Dickens. Lark Lark, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Larked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Larking.] To sport; to frolic. [Colloq.] Lark Lark, n. [OE. larke, laverock, AS. l\'bewerce; akin to D. leeuwerik, LG. lewerke, OHG. l, G. lerche, Sw. l\'84rka, Dan. lerke, Icel. l\'91virki.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one numerous species of singing birds of the genus Alauda and allied genera (family Alaudid\'91). They mostly belong to Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. In America they are represented by the shore larks, or horned by the shore larks, or horned larks, of the genus Otocoris. The true larks have holaspidean tarsi, very long hind claws, and usually, dull, sandy brown colors. NOTE: &hand; Th e Eu ropean sk ylark, or lark of the poets (Alauda arvensis), is of a brown mottled color, and is noted for its clear and sweet song, uttered as it rises and descends almost perpendicularly in the air. It is considered a table delicacy, and immense numbers are killed for the markets. Other well-known European species are the crested, or tufted, lark (Alauda cristata), and the wood lark (A. arborea). The pipits, or titlarks, of the genus Anthus (family Motacillid\'91) are often called larks. See Pipit. The American meadow larks, of the genus Sturnella, are allied to the starlings. See Meadow Lark. The Australian bush lark is Mirafra Horsfieldii. See Shore lark. Lark bunting (Zo\'94l.), a fringilline bird (Calamospiza melanocorys) found on the plains of the Western United States. -- Lark sparrow (Zo\'94l.), a sparrow (Chondestes grammacus), found in the Mississippi Valley and the Western United States. Lark Lark, v. i. To catch larks; as, to go larking. Lark-colored Lark"-col`ored (?), a. Having the sandy brown color of the European larks. Larker Lark"er (?), n. [See 3d Lark, for sense 1, and 1st Lark, for sense 2.] 1. A catcher of larks. 2. One who indulges in a lark or frolic. [Colloq.] Lark's-heel Lark's"-heel` (?), n. (Bot.) Indian cress. Larkspur Lark"spur (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of ranunculaceous plants (Delphinium), having showy flowers, and a spurred calyx. They are natives of the North Temperate zone. The commonest larkspur of the gardens is D. Consolida. The flower of the bee larkspur (D. elatum) has two petals bearded with yellow hairs, and looks not unlike a bee. Larmier Lar"mi*er (?), n. [F., fr. larme tear, drop, L. lacrima. See Lachrymose.] (Anat.) See Tearpit. Laroid La"roid (?), a. [Larus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to the Gull family (Larid\'91). Larrup Lar"rup (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Larruped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Larruping.] [Perh, a corrupt. of lee rope, used by sailors in beating the boys; but cf. D. larpen to thresh, larp a whip, blow.] To beat or flog soundly. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Forby. Larry Lar"ry (?), n. Same as Lorry, or Lorrie. Larum Lar"um (?), See Alarum, and Alarm. Larva Lar"va (?), n.; pl. L. Larv\'91 (#), E. Larvas (#). [L. larva ghost, specter, mask.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any young insect from the time that it hatches from the egg until it becomes a pupa, or chrysalis. During this time it usually molts several times, and may change its form or color each time. The larv\'91 of many insects are much like the adults in form and habits, but have no trace of wings, the rudimentary wings appearing only in the pupa stage. In other groups of insects the larv\'91 are totally unlike the parents in structure and habits, and are called caterpillars, grubs, maggots, etc. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The early, immature form of any animal when more or less of a metamorphosis takes place, before the assumption of the mature shape. Larval Lar"val (?), a. [L. larvalis ghostly. See Larva.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a larva. Larvalia Lar*va"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Larval.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Tunicata, including Appendicularia, and allied genera; -- so called because certain larval features are retained by them through life. Called also Copelata. See Appendicularia. Larvated Lar"va*ted (?), a. [L.larvatus bewitched. See Larva.] Masked; clothed as with a mask. Larve Larve (?), n.; pl.Larves (#). [F.] A larva. Larviform Lar"vi*form (?), a. [Larva + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the form or structure of a larva. Larviparous Lar*vip"a*rous (?), a. [Larva + L. parete to bring forth.] (Zo\'94l.) Depositing living larv\'91, instead of eggs; -- said of certain insects. Lary La"ry (?), n. [Cf. F. lare sea gull, L. larus a sort of sea bird, Gr. ( A guillemot; -- called also lavy. [Prov. Eng.] Laryngeal Lar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [From Larynx.] Of or pertaining to the larynx; adapted to operations on the larynx; as, laryngeal forceps. Laryngean Lar`yn*ge"an (?), a. See Laryngeal. Larypgismus Lar`yp*gis"mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Larynx.] (Med.) A spasmodic state of the glottis, giving rise to contraction or closure of the opening. Laryngitis Lar`yn*gi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Larynx, and -tis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the larynx. Laryngological La*ryn`go*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to laryngology. Laryngologist Lar`yn*gol"o*gist (?), n. One who applies himself to laryngology. Laryngology Lar`yn*gol"o*gy (?), n. [Larynx + -logy.] Systematized knowledge of the action and functions of the larynx; in pathology, the department which treats of the diseases of the larynx. Laryngophony Lar`yn*goph"o*ny (?), n. [Larynx + Gr. ( The sound of the voice as heard through a stethoscope when the latter is placed upon the larynx. Larungoscope La*run"go*scope (?), n. [Larynx + -scope.] (Surg.) An instrument, consisting of an arrangement of two mirrors, for reflecting light upon the larynx, and for examining its image. Laryngoscopic La*ryn`go*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the inspection of the larynx. Laryngoscopist Lar`yn*gos"co*pist (?), n. One skilled in laryngoscopy. Laryngoscopy Lar`yn*gos"co*py (?), n. The art of using the laryngoscope; investigations made with the laryngoscope. Laryngotome La*ryn"go*tome (?), n. (Surg.) An instrument for performing laryngotomy. Laryngotomy Lar`yn*got"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (laryngotomie.] (Surg.) The operation of cutting into the larynx, from the outside of the neck, for assisting respiration when obstructed, or for removing foreign bodies. Laryngotracheal La*ryn`go*tra"che*al (?), a. [Larynx + tracheal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both larynx and trachea; as, the laryngotracheal cartilage in the frog. Laryngotracheotomy La*ryn`go*tra`che*ot"o*my (?), n. [Larynx + tracheotomy.] (Surg.) The operation of cutting into the larynx and the upper part of the trachea, -- a frequent operation for obstruction to breathing. Larynx Lar"ynx (?), n. [ (Anat.) The expanded upper end of the windpipe or trachea, connected with the hyoid bone or cartilage. It contains the vocal cords, which produce the voice by their vibrations, when they are stretched and a current of air passes between them. The larynx is connected with the pharynx by an opening, the glottis, which, in mammals, is protected by a lidlike epiglottis. NOTE: &hand; In th e fr amework of th e human larynx, the thyroid cartilage, attached to the hyoid bone, makes the protuberance on the front of the neck known as Adam's apple, and is articulated below to the ringlike cricoid cartilage. This is narrow in front and high behind, where, within the thyroid, it is surmounted by the two arytenoid cartilages, from which the vocal cords pass forward to be attached together to the front of the thyroid. See Syrinx. Las Las (?), n. A lace. See Lace. [Obs.] Chaucer. Las Las, a. & adv. Less. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lascar Las"car (?), n. [Per. & Hind. lashkar an army, an inferior artillery man, a cooly, a native sailor.] A native sailor, employed in European vessels; also, a menial employed about arsenals, camps, camps, etc.; a camp follower. [East Indies] Lascious Las"ci*ous (?), a. Loose; lascivious. [Obs.] "To depaint lascious wantonness." Holland. Lasciviency Las*civ"i*en*cy (?), n. [See Lascivient.] Lasciviousness; wantonness. [Obs.] Lascivient Las*civ"i*ent (?), a. [L. lasciviens, pr. of lascivire to be wanton, fr. lascivus. See Lascivious.] Lascivious. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Lascivious Las*civ"i*ous (?), a. [L. lascivia wantonness, fr. lascivus wanton; cf. Gr. (lash to desire.] 1. Wanton; lewd; lustful; as, lascivious men; lascivious desires. Milton. 2. Tending to produce voluptuous or lewd emotions. He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber To the lascivious pleasing of a lute. Shak. -- Las*civ"i*ous*ly, adv. -- Las*civ"i*ous*ness, n. Laserwort La"ser*wort` (?), n. [L.laser the juice of the laserwort.] (Bot.) Any plant of the umbelliferous genus Laserpitium, of several species (as L. glabrum, and L. siler), the root of which yields a resinous substance of a bitter taste. The genus is mostly European. Lash Lash (?), n. [OE. lasche; cf. D. lasch piece set in, joint, seam, G. lashe latchet, a bit of leather, gusset, stripe, laschen to furnish with flaps, to lash or slap, Icel. laski gusset, flap, laska to break.] 1. The thong or braided cord of a whip, with which the blow is given. I observed that your whip wanted a lash to it. Addison. 2. A leash in which an animal is caught or held; hence, a snare. [Obs.] 3. A stroke with a whip, or anything pliant and tough; as, the culprit received thirty-nine lashes. 4. A stroke of satire or sarcasm; an expression or retort that cuts or gives pain; a cut. The moral is a lash at the vanity of arrogating that to ourselves which succeeds well. L'Estrange. 5. A hair growing from the edge of the eyelid; an eyelash. 6. In carpet weaving, a group of strings for lifting simultaneously certain yarns, to form the figure. Lash Lash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lashng.] 1. To strike with a lash ; to whip or scourge with a lash, or with something like one. We lash the pupil, and defraud the ward. Dryden. 2. To strike forcibly and quickly, as with a lash; to beat, or beat upon, with a motion like that of a lash; as, a whale lashes the sea with his tail. And big waves lash the frighted shores. Dryden. 3. To throw out with a jerk or quickly. He falls, and lashing up his heels, his rider throws. Dryden. 4. To scold; to berate; to satirize; to censure with severity; as, to lash vice. Lash Lash,. v. i. To ply the whip; to strike; to uttercensure or sarcastic language. To laugh at follies, or to lash at vice. Dryden. To lash out, to strike out wildly or furiously. Lash Lash, v. t. [Cf. D. lasschen to fasten together, lasch piece, joint, Sw. laska to stitch, Dan. laske stitch. See Lash, n. ] To bind with a rope, cord, thong, or chain, so as to fasten; as, to lash something to a spar; to lash a pack on a horse's back. Lasher Lash"er (?), n. One who whips or lashes. Lasher Lash"er, n. 1. A piece of rope for binding or making fast one thing to another; -- called also lashing. 2. A weir in a river. [Eng.] Halliwell. Lashing Lash"ing, n. The act of one who, or that which, lashes; castigation; chastisement. South. Lashing out, a striking out; also, extravagance. Lashing Lash"ing, n. See 2d Lasher. Lask Lask (?), n. A diarrhea or flux. [Obs.] Holland. Lasket Las"ket (?), n. [Cf. Lash, Latching.] (Naut.) latching. Lass Lass (?), n. [OE. lasse; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. llodes girl, fem. of llawd lad. (Lad a youth.] A youth woman; a girl; a sweetheart. Lasse Lasse (?), a. & adv. Less. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lassie Las"sie (?), n. A young girl; a lass. [Scot.] Lassitude Las"si*tude (?), n. [L. lassitudo, fr. lassus faint, weary; akin to E. late: cf. F. lassitude. See Late.] A condition of the body, or mind, when its voluntary functions are performed with difficulty, and only by a strong exertion of the will; languor; debility; weariness. The corporeal instruments of action being strained to a high pitch . . . will soon feel a lassitude. Barrow. Lasslorn Lass"lorn` (?), a. Forsaken by a lass. Shak. Lasso Lass"o (l&acr;s"s&osl;) n.; pl. Lassos (-s&omac;z). [Sp. lazo, L. laqueus. See Lace.] A rope or long thong of leather with, a running noose, used for catching horses, cattle, etc. Lasso cell (Zo\'94l.), one of a peculiar kind of defensive and offensive stinging cells, found in great numbers in all c\'d2lenterates, and in a few animals of other groups. They are most highly developed in the tentacles of jellyfishes, hydroids, and Actini\'91. Each of these cells is filled with, fluid, and contains a long, slender, often barbed, hollow thread coiled up within it. When the cell contracts the thread is quickly ejected, being at the same time turned inside out. The thread is able to penetrate the flesh of various small, soft-bodied animals, and carries a subtle poison by which they are speedily paralyzed and killed. The threads, at the same time, hold the prey in position, attached to the tentacles. Some of the jellyfishes, as the Portuguese man-of-war, and Cyanea, are able to penetrate the human skin, and inflict painful stings in the same way. Called also nettling cell, cnida, cnidocell. Lasso Las"so, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lassoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lassoing.] To catch with a lasso. Last Last (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Last, to endure, contracted from lasteth. [Obs.] Chaucer. Last Last (, a. [OE. last, latst, contr. of latest, superl. of late; akin to OS. lezt, lazt, last, D. laatst, G. letzt. See Late, and cf. Latest.] 1. Being after all the others, similarly classed or considered, in time, place, or order of succession; following all the rest; final; hindmost; farthest; as, the last year of a century; the last man in a line of soldiers; the last page in a book; his last chance. Also day by day, from the first day unto the last day, he read in the book of the law of God. Neh. viii. 18. Fairest of stars, last in the train of night. Milton. 2. Next before the present; as, I saw him last week. 3. Supreme; highest in degree; utmost. Contending for principles of the last importance. R. Hall . 4. Lowest in rank or degree; as, the last prize. Pope. 5. Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely; having least fitness; as, he is the last person to be accused of theft. _________________________________________________________________ Page 832 At last, at the end of a certain period; after delay. "The duke of Savoy felt that the time had at last arrived." Motley. -- At the last. [Prob. fr. AS. on l\'beste behind, following behind, fr. l\'best race, track, footstep. See Last mold of the foot.] At the end; in the conclusion. [Obs.] "Gad, a troop shall overcome him; but he shall overcome at the last." Gen. xlix. 19. -- Last heir, the person to whom lands escheat for want of an heir. [Eng.] Abbott. -- On one's last legs, at, or near, the end of one's resources; hence, on the verge of failure or ruin, especially in a financial sense. [Colloq.] -- To breathe one's last, to die. -- To the last, to the end; till the conclusion. And blunder on in business to the last. Pope. Syn. -- At Last, At Length. These phrases both denote that some delayed end or result has been reached. At length implies that a long period was spent in so doing; as, after a voyage of more than three months, we at Length arrived safe. At last commonly implies that something has occurred (as interruptions, disappointments, etc.) which leads us to emphasize the idea of having reached the end; as, in spite of every obstacle, we have at last arrived.<-- "eventually" also suggests a (relatively) long interval, but does not specifically imply any interruptions --> Last Last (?), adv. [See Last, a.] 1. At a time or on an occasion which is the latest of all those spoken of or which have occurred; the last time; as, I saw him last in New York. 2. In conclusion; finally.<-- = lastly --> Pleased with his idol, he commends, admires, Adores; and, last, the thing adored desires. Dryden. 3. At a time next preceding the present time. How long is't now since last yourself and I Were in a mask ? Shak. Last Last, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Lasting.] [OE. lasten, As. l\'91stan to perform, execute, follow, last, continue, fr. l\'best, l, trace, footstep, course; akin to G. leisten to perform, Goth. laistjan to follow. See Last mold of the foot.] 1. To continue in time; to endure; to remain in existence. [I] proffered me to be slave in all that she me would ordain while my life lasted. Testament of Love. 2. To endure use, or continue in existence, without impairment or exhaustion; as, this cloth lasts better than that; the fuel will last through the winter. Last Last, n. [AS. l\'besttrace, track, footstep; akin to D. leest a last, G. leisten, Sw. l\'84st, Dan. l\'91st, Icel. leistr the foot below the ankle, Goth. laists track, way; from a root signifying, to go. Cf. Last, v. i., Learn, Delirium.] A wooden block shaped like the human foot, on which boots and shoes are formed. The cobbler is not to go beyond his last. L'Estrange. Darning last, a smooth, hard body, often egg-shaped, put into a stocking to preserve its shape in darning. Last Last, v. t. To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last; as, to last a boot. Last Last, n. [As. hl\'91st, fr. hladan to lade; akin to OHG. hlast, G., D., Dan., & Sw. last: cf. F. laste, last, a last, of German or Dutch origin. See Lade.] 1. A load; a heavy burden; hence, a certain weight or measure, generally estimated at 4,000 lbs., but varying for different articles and in different countries. In England, a last of codfish, white herrings, meal, or ashes, is twelve barrels; a last of corn, ten quarters, or eighty bushels, in some parts of England, twenty-one quarters; of gunpowder, twenty-four barrels, each containing 100 lbs; of red herrings, twenty cades, or 20,000; of hides, twelve dozen; of leather, twenty dickers; of pitch and tar, fourteen barrels; of wool, twelve sacks; of flax or feathers, 1,700 lbs. 2. The burden of a ship; a cargo. Lastage Last"age (?) n. [E. lestage ballasting, fr. lest ballast, or LL. lastagium, lestagium. See Last a load.] 1. A duty exacted, in some fairs or markets, for the right to carry things where one will. [Obs.] 2. A tax on wares sold by the last. [Obs.] Cowell. 3. The lading of a ship; also, ballast. Spelman. 4. Room for stowing goods, as in a ship. Laste Last"e (?), obs. imp. of Last, to endure. Chaucer. Laster Last"er, n. A workman whose business it is to shape boots or shoes, or place leather smoothly, on lasts; a tool for stretching leather on a last. Laster-y Last"er-y (?), n. A red color.[Obs.] Spenser. Lasting Last"ing, a. Existing or continuing a long while; enduring; as, a lasting good or evil; a lasting color. Syn. -- Durable; permanent; undecaying; perpetual; unending. -- Lasting, Permanent, Durable. Lasting commonly means merely continuing in existence; permanent carries the idea of continuing in the same state, position, or course; durable means lasting in spite of agencies which tend to destroy. Lasting Last"ing, n. 1. Continuance; endurance. Locke. 2. A species of very durable woolen stuff, used for women's shoes; everlasting. 3. The act or process of shaping on a last. Lasting Last"ing, adv. In a lasting manner. Lastly Last"ly, adv. 1. In the last place; in conclusion. 2. at last; finally. Lat Lat (?), v. t. To let; to allow. [Obs.] Chaucer. Latakia Lat`a*ki"a (?), n. [Turk.] A superior quality of Turkish smoking tobacco, so called from the place where produced, the ancient Laodicea. Latch Latch (?), v. t. [Cf. F. l\'82cher to lick (of German origin). Cf. Lick.] To smear; to anoint. [Obs.] Shak. Latch Latch, n. [OE. lacche, fr. lacchen to seize, As. l\'91ccan.] 1. That which fastens or holds; a lace; a snare. [Obs.] Rom. of R. 2. A movable piece which holds anything in place by entering a notch or cavity; specifically, the catch which holds a door or gate when closed, though it be not bolted. 3. (Naut.) A latching. 4. A crossbow. [Obs.] Wright. Latch Latch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Latched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Latching.] [OE.lacchen. See Latch. n.] 1. To catch so as to hold. [Obs.] Those that remained threw darts at our men, and latching our darts, sent them again at us. Golding. 2. To catch or fasten by means of a latch. The door was only latched. Locke. Latchet Latch"et (?), n. [OE. lachet, from an OF. dialect form of F. lacet plaited string, lace dim. of lacs. See Lace.] The string that fastens a shoe; a shoestring. Latching Latch"ing, n. (Naut.) A loop or eye formed on the head rope of a bonnet, by which it is attached to the foot of a sail; -- called also latch and lasket. [Usually in pl.] Latchkey Latch"key` (?), n. A key used to raise, or throw back, the latch of a door, esp. a night latch. Latchstring Latch"string` (?), n. A string for raising the latch of a door by a person outside. It is fastened to the latch and passed through a hole above it in the door. To find the latchstring out, to meet with hospitality; to be welcome. (Intrusion is prevented by drawing in the latchstring.) [Colloq. U.S.] Late Late (?), a. [Compar. Later (?), or latter (; superl. Latest (?).] [OE. lat slow, slack, As.l\'91t; akin to Os. lat, D. laat late, G. lass weary, lazy, slack, Icel. latr, Sw. lat, Dan. lad, Goth. lats, and to E. let, v. See Let to permit, and cf. Alas, Lassitude.] 1. Coming after the time when due, or after the usual or proper time; not early; slow; tardy; long delayed; as, a late spring. 2. Far advanced toward the end or close; as, a late hour of the day; a late period of life. 3. Existing or holding some position not long ago, but not now; lately deceased, departed, or gone out of office; as, the late bishop of London; the late administration. 4. Not long past; happening not long ago; recent; as, the late rains; we have received late intelligence. 5. Continuing or doing until an advanced hour of the night; as, late revels; a late watcher. Late Late, adv. [AS. late. See Late, a.] 1. After the usual or proper time, or the time appointed; after delay; as, he arrived late; -- opposed to early. 2. Not long ago; lately. 3. Far in the night, day, week, or other particular period; as, to lie abed late; to sit up late at night. Of late, in time not long past, or near the present; lately; as, the practice is of late uncommon. -- Too late, after the proper or available time; when the time or opportunity is past. Lated Lat"ed (?), a. Belated; too late. [Obs.] Shak. La-teen La-teen" (?), a. (Naut.) Of or pertaining to a peculiar rig used in the Mediterranean and adjacent waters, esp. on the northern coast of Africa. See below. Lateen sail. [F. voile latine a sail in the shape of a right-angled triangle; cf. It. & Sp. vela latina; properly Latin sail. See Latin.] (Naut.) A triangular sail, extended by a long yard, which is slung at about one fourth of its length from the lower end, to a low mast, this end being brought down at the tack, while the other end is elevated at an angle or about forty-five degrees; -- used in small boats, feluccas, xebecs, etc., especially in the Mediterranean and adjacent waters. Some lateen sails have also a boom on the lower side. Lately Late"ly (?), adv. Not long ago; recently; as, he has lately arrived from Italy. Latence La"tence (?), n. Latency. Coleridge. Latency La"ten*cy (?), n. [See Latent.] The state or quality of being latent. To simplify the discussion, I shall distinguish three degrees of this latency. Sir W. Hamilton. Lateness Late"ness (?), n. The state, condition, or quality, of being late; as, the lateness of his arrival; the lateness of the hour; the lateness of the season. Latent La"tent (?), a. [L. latens, -entis, p. pr. of latere to lie hid or concealed; cf. Gr. lethargy: cf. F.latent.] Not visible or apparent; hidden; springs of action. The evils latent in the most promising contrivances are provided for as they arise. Burke. Latent buds (bot.), buds which remain undeveloped or dormant for a long time, but may at length grow. Latent heat (Physics), that quantity of heat which disappears or becomes concealed in a body while producing some change in it other than rise of temperature, as fusion, evaporation, or expansion, the quantity being constant for each particular body and for each species of change. -- Latent period. (a) (Med.) The regular time in which a disease is supposed to be existing without manifesting itself. (b) (Physiol.) One of the phases in a simple muscular contraction, in which invisible preparatory changes are taking place in the nerve and muscle. (c) (Biol.) One of those periods or resting stages in the development of the ovum, in which development is arrested prior to renewed activity. Latently La"tent*ly, adv. In a secret or concealed manner; invisibly. Later La"ter (?), n.; pl. Lateres (#). [L.] A brick or tile. Knight. Later Lat"er (?), a. Compar. of Late, a. & adv. Laterad Lat"er*ad (?), adv. [L. latus, lateris, side + ad to.] (Anat.) Toward the side; away from the mesial plane; -- opposed to mesiad. Lateral Lat"er*al (?), a. [L. lateralis, fr. latus, lateris, side: cf. F.lat\'82ral.] 1. Of or pertaining to the sides; as, the lateral walls of a house; the lateral branches of a tree. 2. (Anat.) Lying at, or extending toward, the side; away from the mesial plane; external; -- opposed to mesial. 3. Directed to the side; as, a lateral view of a thing. Lateral cleavage (Crystallog.), cleavage parallel to the lateral planes. -- Lateral equation (Math.), an equation of the first degree. [Obs.] -- Lateral line (Anat.), in fishes, a line of sensory organs along either side of the body, often marked by a distinct line of color. -- Lateral pressure or stress (Mech.), a pressure or stress at right angles to the length, as of a beam or bridge; -- distinguished from longitudinal pressure or stress. -- Lateral strength (Mech.), strength which resists a tendency to fracture arising from lateral pressure. -- Lateral system (Bridge Building), the system of horizontal braces (as between two vertical trusses) by which lateral stiffness is secured. Laterality Lat`er*al"i*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being lateral. Laterally Lat"er*al*ly (?), adv. By the side; sidewise; toward, or from, the side. Lateran Lat"er*an (?), n. The church and palace of St. John Lateran, the church being the cathedral church of Rome, and the highest in rank of all churches in the Catholic world. NOTE: &hand; The name is said to have been derived from that of the Laterani family, who possessed a palace on or near the spot where the church now stands. In this church several ecclesiastical councils, hence called Lateran councils, have been held. Latered Lat"ered (?), a. Inclined to delay; dilatory. [Obs.] "When a man is too latered." Chaucer. Laterifolious Lat`er*i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. latus, lateris, side + folium leaf: cf. F. lat\'82rifoli\'82.] (Bot.) Growing from the stem by the side of a leaf; as, a laterifolious flower. Laterite Lat"er*ite (?), n. [L. later brick, tile: cf. F. lat\'82rite.] (Geol.)An argillaceous sandstone, of a red color, and much seamed; -- found in India. Later-itic Lat`er-it"ic (?), a. consisting of, containing, or characterized by, laterite; as, lateritic formations. Lateritic Lat`er*it"ic (?), a. Consisting of, containing, or characterized by, laterite; as, lateritic formations. Lateritious Lat"er*i"tious (?), a. [L.lateritius, fr. later a brick.] Like bricks; of the color of red bricks. Lateritious sediment (Med.), a sediment in urine resembling brick dust, observed after the crises of fevers, and at the termination of gouty paroxysms. It usually consists of uric acid or urates with some coloring matter. Lates La"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large percoid fishes, of which one species (Lates Niloticus) inhabits the Nile, and another (L. calcariferLatescence La*tes"cence (?), n. A slight withdrawal from view or knowledge. Sir W. Hamilton. Latescent La*tes"cent (?), a. [L. latescens, -entis, p. pr. of latescere to be concealed, fr. latere to be hid.] Slightly withdrawn from view or knowledge; as, a latescent meaning. Sir W. Hamilton. Latewake Late"wake` (?), n. See Lich wake, under Lich. Lateward Late"ward (?), a. & adv. Somewhat late; backward. [Obs.] "Lateward lands." Holland. Latex La"tex (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A milky or colored juice in certain plants in cavities (called latex cells or latex tubes). It contains the peculiar principles of the plants, whether aromatic, bitter, or acid, and in many instances yields caoutchouc upon coagulation. <-- produced_by AND contained_in latex cells, --> Lath Lath (?), n.; pl. Laths (#). [OE. laththe, latthe, latte, AS. l\'91tta; akin to D. lat, G. latte, OHG. latta; cf. W. llath a rod, staff, yard. Cf. Lattice, Latten.] A thin, narrow strip of wood, nailed to the rafters, studs, or floor beams of a building, for the purpose of supporting the tiles, plastering, etc. A corrugated metallic strip or plate is sometimes used. Lath brick, a long, slender brick, used in making the floor on which malt is placed in the drying kiln. Lath nail a slender nail for fastening laths. Lath Lath (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lathed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lathing.] To cover or line with laths. Lathe Lathe (?), n. [AS.l&aemac;&edh;. Of. uncertain origin.] Formerly, a part or division of a county among the Anglo-Saxons. At present it consists of four or five hundreds, and is confined to the county of Kent. [Written also lath.] Brande & C. Lathe Lathe (?), n. [OE. lathe a granary; akin to G. lade a chest, Icel. hla&edh;a a storehouse, barn; but cf. also Icel. l\'94&edh; a smith's lathe. Senses 2 and 3 are perh. of the same origin as lathe a granary, the original meaning being, a frame to hold something. If so, the word is from an older form of E. lade to load. See Lade to load.] 1. A granary; a barn. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Mach.) A machine for turning, that is, for shaping articles of wood, metal, or other material, by causing them to revolve while acted upon by a cutting tool. <-- "turning" here is in the sense of cutting while turning. turn 6 and turning 4, in this dict. --> 3. The movable swing frame of a loom, carrying the reed for separating the warp threads and beating up the weft; -- called also lay and batten. Blanchard lathe, a lathe for turning irregular forms after a given pattern, as lasts, gunstocks, and the like. -- Drill lathe, OR Speed lathe, a small lathe which, from its high speed, is adapted for drilling; a hand lathe. -- Engine lathe, a turning lathe in which the cutting tool has an automatic feed; -- used chiefly for turning and boring metals, cutting screws, etc. -- Foot lathe, a lathe which is driven by a treadle worked by the foot. -- Geometric lathe. See under Geometric -- Hand lathe, a lathe operated by hand; a power turning lathe without an automatic feed for the tool. -- Slide lathe, an engine lathe. -- Throw lathe, a small lathe worked by one hand, while the cutting tool is held in the other. _________________________________________________________________ Page 833 Lather Lath"er (?), n. [AS. le\'a0&edh;or niter, in le\'a0&edh;orwyrt soapwort; cf. Icel. lau; perh. akin to E. lye.] 1. Foam or froth made by soap moistened with water. 2. Foam from profuse sweating, as of a horse. Lather Lath"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lathered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lathering.] [AS. l&emac;&edh;rian to lather, anoint. See Lather, n. ] To spread over with lather; as, to lather the face. Lather Lath"er, v. i. To form lather, or a froth like lather; to accumulate foam from profuse sweating, as a horse. Lather Lath"er, v. t. [Cf. Leather.] To beat severely with a thong, strap, or the like; to flog. [Low] Lathereeve, Lathreeve Lathe"reeve` (?), Lath"reeve` (?), n. Formerly, the head officer of a lathe. See 1st Lathe. Lathing Lath"ing (?), n. The act or process of covering with laths; laths, collectively; a covering of laths. Lath-shaped Lath"-shaped` (?), a. Having a slender elongated form, like a lath; -- said of the feldspar of certain igneous rocks, as diabase, as seen in microscopic sections. Lathwork Lath"work` (?), n. Same as Lathing. Lathy Lath"y (?), a. Like a lath; long and slender. A lathy horse, all legs and length. R. Browning. Latian La"tian (?), a. Belonging, or relating, to Latium, a country of ancient Italy. See Latin. Latibulize La*tib"u*lize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Latibulized (; p. pr. & vb. n. Latibulizing (?).] [L. latibulum hiding place, fr. latere to lie hid.] To retire into a den, or hole, and lie dormant in winter; to retreat and lie hid. [R.] G. Shaw. Latibulum La*tib"u*lum (?), n; pl. Latibula (#). [L.] A concealed hiding place; a burrow; a lair; a hole. Laticiferous Lat`i*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. latex, laticis, a liquid + -ferous.] (Bot.) Containing the latex; -- applied to the tissue or tubular vessels in which the latex of the plant is found. Laticlave Lat"i*clave (?), n. [L. laticlavus, laticlavium; latus broad + clavus nail, a purple stripe on the tunica: cf. F. laticlave.] (Rom. Antiq.) A broad stripe of purple on the fore part of the tunic, worn by senators in ancient Rome as an emblem of office. Laticostate Lat`i*cos"tate (?), a. [L. latus broad + E. costate.] Broad-ribbed. Latidentate Lat`i*den"tate (?), a. [L. latus broad + E. dentate.] Broad-toothed. Latifoliate, Latifolious Lat`i*fo"li*ate (?), Lat`i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. latifolius; latus broad + folium leaf: cf. F. latifoli\'82.] (Bot.) Having broad leaves. Latimer Lat"i*mer (?), n. [OF. latinier, latimier, prop., one knowing Latin.] An interpreter. [Obs.] Coke. Latin Lat"in (?), a. [F., fr. L. Latinus belonging to Latium, Latin, fr. Latium a country of Italy, in which Rome was situated. Cf. Ladin, Lateen sail, under Lateen.] 1. Of or pertaining to Latium, or to the Latins, a people of Latium; Roman; as, the Latin language. 2. Of, pertaining to, or composed in, the language used by the Romans or Latins; as, a Latin grammar; a Latin composition or idiom. Latin Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Western or Roman Catholic Church, as distinct from the Greek or Eastern Church. -- Latin cross. See Illust. 1 of Cross. -- Latin races, a designation sometimes loosely given to certain nations, esp. the French, Spanish, and Italians, who speak languages principally derived from Latin. Latin Union, an association of states, originally comprising France, Belgium, Switzerland, and Italy, which, in 1865, entered into a monetary agreement, providing for an identity in the weight and fineness of the gold and silver coins of those countries, and for the amounts of each kind of coinage by each. Greece, Servia, Roumania, and Spain subsequently joined the Union. Latin Lat"in, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Latium; a Roman. 2. The language of the ancient Romans. 3. An exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into Latin. [Obs.] Ascham. 4. (Eccl.) A member of the Roman Catholic Church. ( Dog Latin, barbarous Latin; a jargon in imitation of Latin; as, the log Latin of schoolboys. -- Late Latin, Low Latin, terms used indifferently to designate the latest stages of the Latin language; low Latin (and, perhaps, late Latin also), including the barbarous coinages from the French, German, and other languages into a Latin form made after the Latin had become a dead language for the people. -- Law Latin, that kind of late, or low, Latin, used in statutes and legal instruments; -- often barbarous. Latin Lat"in, v. t. To write or speak in Latin; to turn or render into Latin. [Obs.] Fuller. Latinism Lat"in*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. latinisme.] A Latin idiom; a mode of speech peculiar to Latin; also, a mode of speech in another language, as English, formed on a Latin model. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is also sometimes used by Biblical scholars to designate a Latin word in Greek letters, or the Latin sense of a Greek word in the Greek Testament. Latinist Lat"in*ist, n. [Cf. F. latiniste.] One skilled in Latin; a Latin scholar. Cowper. He left school a good Latinist. Macaulay. Latinistic Lat`in*is"tic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or derived from, Latin; in the Latin style or idiom. "Latinistic words." Fitzed. Hall. Latinitaster La*tin"i*tas`ter (?), n. [Cf. Poetaster.] One who has but a smattering of Latin. Walker. Latinity La*tin"i*ty (?), n. [L. latinitas: cf. F. latinit\'82.] The Latin tongue, style, or idiom, or the use thereof; specifically, purity of Latin style or idiom. "His eleLatinity." Motley. Latinization Lat`in*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of Latinizing, as a word, language, or country. The Germanization of Britain went far deeper than the Latinization of France. M. Arnold. Latinize Lat"in*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Latinized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Latinizing (?).] [L. latinizare: cf. F.latiniser.] 1. To give Latin terminations or forms to, as to foreign words, in writing Latin. 2. To bring under the power or influence of the Romans or Latins; to affect with the usages of the Latins, especially in speech. "Latinized races." Lowell. 3. To make like the Roman Catholic Church or diffuse its ideas in; as, to Latinize the Church of England. Latinize Lat"in*ize, v. i. To use words or phrases borrowed from the Latin. Dryden. 2. To come under the influence of the Romans, or of the Roman Catholic Church. Latinly Lat"in*ly, adv. In the manner of the Latin language; in correct Latin. [Obs.] Heylin. Lation La"tion (?), n. [L. latio, fr. latus borne. See Tolerate.] Transportation; conveyance. [Obs.] Latirostral, Latirostrous Lat`i*ros"tral (?), Lat`i*ros"trous (?), a. [Cf. F. latirostre. See Latirostres.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a broad beak. Sir T. Browne. Latirostres Lat`i*ros"tres (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. latus broad + rostrum beak.] (Zo\'94l.) The broad-billed singing birds, such as the swallows, and their allies. Latish Lat"ish (?), a. Somewhat late. [Colloq.] Latisternal Lat`i*ster"nal (?), a. [L. latus broad + E. sternal.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a broad breastbone, or sternum; -- said of anthropoid apes. Latitancy Lat"i*tan*cy (?), n. [See Latitant.] Act or state of lying hid, or lurking. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Latitant Lat"i*tant (?), a. [L. latitans, pr. of latitare to lie hid, to lurk, v. intens. fr. latere to be hid: cf. F. latitant.] Lying hid; concealed; latent. [R.] Latitat Lat"i*tat (?), n. [L., he lies hid.] (O. Eng. Law) A writ based upon the presumption that the person summoned was hiding. Blackstone. Latitation Lat`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. latitatio.] A lying in concealment; hiding. [Obs.] Latitude Lat"i*tude (?), n. [F. latitude, L. latitudo, fr. latus broad, wide, for older stlatus; perh. akin to E. strew.] 1. Extent from side to side, or distance sidewise from a given point or line; breadth; width. Provided the length do not exceed the latitude above one third part. Sir H. Wotton. 2. Room; space; freedom from confinement or restraint; hence, looseness; laxity; independence. In human actions there are no degrees and precise natural limits described, but a latitude is indulged. Jer. Taylor. 3. Extent or breadth of signification, application, etc.; extent of deviation from a standard, as truth, style, etc. No discreet man will believe Augustine's miracles, in the latitude of monkish relations. Fuller. 4. Extent; size; amplitude; scope. I pretend not to treat of them in their full latitude. Locke. 5. (Geog.) Distance north or south of the equator, measured on a meridian. 6. (Astron.) The angular distance of a heavenly body from the ecliptic. Ascending latitude, Circle of latitude, Geographical latitude, etc. See under Ascending. Circle, etc. -- High latitude, that part of the earth's surface near either pole, esp. that part within either the arctic or the antarctic circle. -- Low latitude, that part of the earth's surface which is near the equator. Latitudinal Lat`i*tu"di*nal (?), a. Of or pertaining to latitude; in the direction of latitude. Latitudinarian Lat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), a. [Cf. F. latitudinaire.] 1. Not restrained; not confined by precise limits. 2. Indifferent to a strict application of any standard of belief or opinion; hence, deviating more or less widely from such standard; lax in doctrine; as, latitudinarian divines; latitudinarian theology. Latitudinarian sentiments upon religious subjects. Allibone. 3. Lax in moral or religious principles. Latitudinarian Lat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an, n. 1. One who is moderate in his notions, or not restrained by precise settled limits in opinion; one who indulges freedom in thinking. 2. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) A member of the Church of England, in the time of Charles II., who adopted more liberal notions in respect to the authority, government, and doctrines of the church than generally prevailed. They were called "men of latitude;" and upon this, men of narrow thoughts fastened upon them the name of latitudinarians. Bp. Burnet. 3. (Theol.) One who departs in opinion from the strict principles of orthodoxy. Latitudinarianism Lat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism (?), n. A latitudinarian system or condition; freedom of opinion in matters pertaining to religious belief. Fierce sectarianism bred fierce latitudinarianism. De Quincey. He [Ammonius Saccas] plunged into the wildest latitudinarianism of opinion. J. S. Harford. Latitudinous Lat`i*tu"di*nous (?), a. Having latitude, or wide extent. Laton, Latoun Lat"on (?), Lat"oun (?), n. Latten, 1. [Obs.] Chaucer. Latrant La"trant (?), a. [L. latrans, p. pr. of latrare. See Latrate.] Barking. [Obs.] Tickell. Latrate La"trate (?), v. i. [L. latratus, p. p. of latrare to bark.] To bark as a dog. [Obs.] Latration La*tra"tion (?), n. A barking. [Obs.] Latreutical La*treu"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. 1. Acting as a hired servant; serving; ministering; assisting. [Obs.] 2. Of or pertaining to latria. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Latria La*tri"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. The highest kind of worship, or that paid to God; -- distinguished by the Roman Catholics from dulia, or the inferior worship paid to saints. Latrine La*trine" (?), n. [L. latrina: cf. F. latrines.] A privy, or water-closet, esp. in a camp, hospital, etc. Latrociny Lat"ro*cin`y (?), n. [L. latrocinium. Cf. Larceny.] Theft; larceny. [Obs.] Latten Lat"ten (?), n. [OE. latoun, laton, OF. laton, F. laiton, prob. fr. OF. late lath, F. latte; -- because made in thin plates; cf. It. latta a sheet of tinned iron, tin plate. F. latte is of German origin. See Lath a thin board.] 1. A kind of brass hammered into thin sheets, formerly much used for making church utensils, as candlesticks, crosses, etc.; -- called also latten brass. He had a cross of latoun full of stones. Chaucer. 2. Sheet tin; iron plate, covered with tin; also, any metal in thin sheets; as, gold latten. Black latten, brass in milled sheets, composed of copper and zinc, used by braziers, and for drawing into wire. -- Roll latten, latten polished on both sides ready for use. -- Shaven latten, a thinner kind than black latten. -- White latten, a mixture of brass and tin. Latter Lat"ter (?), a. [OE. later, l\'91tter, compar. of lat late. See Late, and cf. Later.] 1. Later; more recent; coming or happening after something else; -- opposed to former; as, the former and latter rain. 2. Of two things, the one mentioned second. The difference between reason and revelation, and in what sense the latter is superior. I. Watts. 3. Recent; modern. Hath not navigation discovered in these latter ages, whole nations at the bay of Soldania? Locke. 4. Last; latest; final. [R.] "My latter gasp." Shak. Latter harvest, the last part of the harvest. -- Latter spring, the last part of the spring of the year. Shak. Latter-day saint Lat"ter-day` saint" (?). A Mormon; -- the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints being the name assumed by the whole body of Mormons. Latterkin Lat"ter*kin (?), n. A pointed wooden tool used in glazing leaden lattice. Latterly Lat"ter*ly, adv. Lately; of late; recently; at a later, as distinguished from a former, period. Latterly Milton was short and thick. Richardson. Lattermath Lat"ter*math (?), n. [Cf. Aftermath.] The latter, or second, mowing; the aftermath. Lattice Lat"tice (?), n. [OE. latis, F. lattis lathwork, fr. latte lath. See Latten, 1st Lath.] 1. Any work of wood or metal, made by crossing laths, or thin strips, and forming a network; as, the lattice of a window; -- called also latticework. The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice. Judg. v. 28. 2. (Her.) The representation of a piece of latticework used as a bearing, the bands being vertical and horizontal. Lattice bridge, a bridge supported by lattice girders, or latticework trusses. -- Lattice girder (Arch.), a girder of which the wed consists of diagonal pieces crossing each other in the manner of latticework. -- Lattice plant (Bot.), an aquatic plant of Madagascar (Ouvirandra fenestralis), whose leaves have interstices between their ribs and cross veins, so as to resemble latticework. A second species is O. Berneriana. The genus is merged in Aponogeton by recent authors. Lattice Lat"tice, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Latticed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Latticing (?).] 1. To make a lattice of; as, to lattice timbers. 2. To close, as an opening, with latticework; to furnish with a lattice; as, to lattice a window. To lattice up, to cover or inclose with a lattice. Therein it seemeth he [Alexander] hath latticed up C\'91sar. Sir T. North. Latticework Lat"tice*work` (?), n. Same as Lattice, n., 1. Latticing Lat"ti*cing (?), n. 1. The act or process of making a lattice of, or of fitting a lattice to. 2. (Bridge Building) A system of bars crossing in the middle to form braces between principal longitudinal members, as of a strut. Latus rectum La"tus rec"tum (?). [L., the right side.] (Conic Sections) The line drawn through a focus of a conic section parallel to the directrix and terminated both ways by the curve. It is the parameter of the principal axis. See Focus, and Parameter. Laud Laud (?), n. [L. laus, laudis. See Laud, v. i.] 1. High commendation; praise; honor; exaltation; glory. "Laud be to God." Shak. So do well and thou shalt have laud of the same. Tyndals. 2. A part of divine worship, consisting chiefly of praise; -- usually in the pl. NOTE: &hand; In th e Ro man Ca tholic Ch urch, the prayers used at daybreak, between those of matins and prime, are called lauds. 3. Music or singing in honor of any one. Laud Laud, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Lauding.] [L.laudare, fr. laus, laudis, praise. Cf. Allow.] To praise in words alone, or with words and singing; to celebrate; to extol. With all the company of heaven, we laud and magnify thy glorious name. Book of Common Prayer. Laudability Laud`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. laudabilitas.] Laudableness; praiseworthiness. Laudable Laud"a*ble (?), a. [L. laudabilis: cf. OE. laudable. See Laud, v. i.] 1. Worthy of being lauded; praiseworthy; commendable; as, laudable motives; laudable actions; laudable ambition. 2. (Med.) Healthy; salubrious; normal; having a disposition to promote healing; not noxious; as, laudable juices of the body; laudable pus. Arbuthnot. _________________________________________________________________ Page 834 Laudableness Laud"a*ble*ness (?), n. The quality of being laudable; praiseworthiness; commendableness. Laudably Laud"a*bly (?), adv. In a laudable manner. Laudanine Lau"da*nine (?), n. [From Laudanum.] (Chem.) A white organic base, resembling morphine, and obtained from certain varieties of opium. Laudanum Lau"da*num (?), n. [Orig. the same wort as ladanum, ladbdanum: cf. F. laudanum, It. laudano, ladano. See Ladanum.] Tincture of opium, used for various medical purposes. NOTE: &hand; A fluid ounce of American laudanum should contain the soluble matter of one tenth of an ounce avoirdupois of powdered opium with equal parts of alcohol and water. English laudanum should have ten grains less of opium in the fluid ounce. U. S. Disp. Dutchman's laudanum (Bot.) See under Dutchman. Laudation Lau*da"tion (?), n. [L. laudatio: cf. OE. taudation. See Land, v. t.] The act of lauding; praise; high commendation. Laudative Laud"a*tive (?), a. [L. laudativus laudatory: cf. F. laudatif.] Laudatory. Laudative Laud"a*tive, n. A panegyric; a eulogy. [Obs.] Bacon. Laudator Lau*da"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who lauds. 2. (Law) An arbitrator. [Obs.] Cowell. Laudatory Laud"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. laudatorius: cf. OF. laudatoire.] Of or pertaining praise, or to the expression of praise; as, laudatory verses; the laudatory powers of Dryden. Sir J. Stephen. Lauder Laud"er (?), n. One who lauds. Laugh Laugh (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Laughed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Laughing.] [OE. laughen, laghen, lauhen, AS. hlehhan, hlihhan, hlyhhan, hliehhan; akin to OS. hlahan, D. & G.lachen, OHG. hlahhan, lahhan, lahh, Icel. hl\'91ja. Dan. lee, Sw. le, Goth. hlahjan; perh. of imitative origin.] 1. To show mirth, satisfaction, or derision, by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face, particularly of the mouth, causing a lighting up of the face and eyes, and usually accompanied by the emission of explosive or chuckling sounds from the chest and throat; to indulge in laughter. Queen Hecuba laughed that her eyes ran o'er. Shak. He laugheth that winneth. Heywood's Prov. 2. Fig.: To be or appear gay, cheerful, pleasant, mirthful, lively, or brilliant; to sparkle; to sport. Then laughs the childish year, with flowerets crowned. Dryden. In Folly's cup still laughs the bubble Joy. Pope. To laugh at, to make an object of laughter or ridicule; to make fun of; to deride. No wit to flatter left of all his store, No fool to laugh at, which he valued more. Pope. -- To laugh in the sleeve<-- or to laugh up one's sleeve -->, to laugh secretly, or so as not to be observed, especially while apparently preserving a grave or serious demeanor toward the person or persons laughed at. -- To laugh out, to laugh in spite of some restraining influence; to laugh aloud. -- To laugh out of the other corner (OR side) of the mouth, to weep or cry; to feel regret, vexation, or disappointment after hilarity or exaltation. [Slang] Laugh Laugh, v. t. 1. To affect or influence by means of laughter or ridicule. Will you laugh me asleep, for I am very heavy? Shak. I shall laugh myself to death. Shak. 2. To express by, or utter with, laughter; -- with out. From his deep chest laughs out a loud applause. Shak. To laugh away. (a) To drive away by laughter; as, to laugh away regret. (b) To waste in hilarity. "Pompey doth this day laugh away his fortune." Shak. -- To laugh down. (a) To cause to cease or desist by laughter; as, to laugh down a speaker. (b) To cause to be given up on account of ridicule; as, to laugh down a reform. -- To laugh one out of, to cause one by laughter or ridicule to abandon or give up; as, to laugh one out of a plan or purpose. -- To laugh to scorn, to deride; to treat with mockery, contempt, and scorn; to despise. Laugh Laugh (?), n. An expression of mirth peculiar to the human species; the sound heard in laughing; laughter. See Laugh, v. i. And the loud laugh that spoke the vacant mind. Goldsmith. That man is a bad man who has not within him the power of a hearty laugh. F. W. Robertson. Laughable Laugh"a*ble (?), a. Fitted to excite laughter; as, a laughable story; a laughable scene. Syn. -- Droll; ludicrous; mirthful; comical. See Droll, and Ludicrous. -- Laugh"a*ble*ness, n. -- Laugh"a*bly, adv. Laugher Laugh"er (?), n. 1. One who laughs. 2. A variety of the domestic pigeon. Laughing Laugh"ing (?), a. & n. from Laugh, v. i. Laughing falcon (Zo\'94l.), a South American hawk (Herpetotheres cachinnans); -- so called from its notes, which resemble a shrill laughing. -- Laughing gas (Chem.), hyponitrous oxide, or protoxide of nitrogen<-- = nitrous oxide -->; -- so called from the exhilaration and laughing which it sometimes produces when inhaled. It is much used as an an\'91sthetic agent.<-- now primarily in dentistry --> -- Laughing goose (Zo\'94l.), the European white-fronted goose. -- Laughing gull. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common European gull (Xema ridibundus); -- called also pewit, black cap, red-legged gull, and sea crow. (b) An American gull (Larus atricilla). In summer the head is nearly black, the back slate color, and the five outer primaries black. -- Laughing hyena (Zo\'94l.), the spotted hyena. See Hyena. -- Laughing jackass (Zo\'94l.), the great brown kingfisher (Dacelo gigas), of Australia; -- called also giant kingfisher, and gogobera. -- Laughing owl (Zo\'94l.), a peculiar owl (Sceloglaux albifacies) of New Zealand, said to be on the verge of extinction. The name alludes to its notes. Laughingly Laugh"ing*ly (?), adv. With laughter or merriment. Laughingstock Laugh"ing*stock` (?), n. An object of ridicule; a butt of sport. Shak. When he talked, he talked nonsense, and made himself the laughingstock of his hearers. Macaulay. Laughsome Laugh"some (?), a. Exciting laughter; also, addicted to laughter; merry. [R.] Laughter Laugh"ter (?), n. [AS. hleahtor; akin to OHG. hlahtar, G. gel\'84chter, Icel. hl\'betr, Dan. latter. See Laugh, v. i. ] A movement (usually involuntary) of the muscles of the face, particularly of the lips, with a peculiar expression of the eyes, indicating merriment, satisfaction, or derision, and usually attended by a sonorous and interrupted expulsion of air from the lungs. See Laugh, v. i. The act of laughter, which is a sweet contraction of the muscles of the face, and a pleasant agitation of the vocal organs, is not merely, or totally within the jurisdiction of ourselves. Sir T. Browne. Archly the maiden smiled, and with eyes overrunning with laughter. Longfellow. Laughterless Laugh"ter*less, a. Not laughing; without laughter. Laughworthy Laugh"wor`thy (?), a. Deserving to be laughed at. [R.] B. Jonson. Laumontite Lau"mont*ite (?), n. [From Dr. Laumont, the discoverer.] (Min.) A mineral, of a white color and vitreous luster. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Exposed to the air, it loses water, becomes opaque, and crumbles. [Written also laumonite.] Launce Launce (?), n. A lance. [Obs.] Launce Launce, n. [It. lance, L. lanx, lancis, plate, scale of a balance. Cf. Balance.] A balance. [Obs.] Fortune all in equal launce doth sway. Spenser. Launce Launce, n. (Zo\'94l.) See Lant, the fish. Launcegaye Launce"gaye` (?), n. See Langegaye. [Obs.] Launch Launch (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Launched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Launching.] [OE. launchen to throw as a lance, OF. lanchier, another form of lancier, F. lancer, fr. lance lance. See Lance.] [Written also lanch.] 1. To throw, as a lance or dart; to hurl; to let fly. 2. To strike with, or as with, a lance; to pierce. [Obs.] Launch your hearts with lamentable wounds. Spenser. 3. To cause to move or slide from the land into the water; to set afloat; as, to launch a ship. With stays and cordage last he rigged the ship, And rolled on levers, launched her in the deep. Pope. 4. To send out; to start (one) on a career; to set going; to give a start to (something); to put in operation; as, to launch a son in the world; to launch a business project or enterprise. All art is used to sink episcopacy, and launch presbytery in England. Eikon Basilike. Launch Launch, v. i. To move with force and swiftness like a sliding from the stocks into the water; to plunge; to make a beginning; as, to launch into the current of a stream; to launch into an argument or discussion; to launch into lavish expenditures; -- often with out. Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. Luke v. 4. He [Spenser] launches out into very flowery paths. Prior. Launch Launch, n. 1. The act of launching. 2. The movement of a vessel from land into the water; especially, the sliding on ways from the stocks on which it is built. 3. [Cf. Sp. lancha.] (Naut.) The boat of the largest size belonging to a ship of war; also, an open boat of any size driven by steam, naphtha, electricity, or the like. Launching ways. (Naut.) See Way, n. (Naut.). Laund Laund (l&add;nd), n. [See Lawn of grass.] A plain sprinkled with trees or underbrush; a glade. [Obs.] In a laund upon an hill of flowers. Chaucer. Through this laund anon the deer will come. Shak. Launder Laun"der (?), n. [Contracted fr. OE. lavender, F. lavandi\'8are, LL. lavandena, from L. lavare to wash. See Lave.] 1. A washerwoman. [Obs.] 2. (Mining) A trough used by miners to receive the powdered ore from the box where it is beaten, or for carrying water to the stamps, or other apparatus, for comminuting, or sorting, the ore. Launder Laun"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Laundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Laundering.] 1. To wash, as clothes; to wash, and to smooth with a flatiron or mangle; to wash and iron; as, to launder shirts. 2. To lave; to wet. [Obs.] Shak. Launderer Laun"der*er (?), n. One who follows the business of laundering. Laundering Laun"der*ing, n. The act, or occupation, of one who launders; washing and ironing. Laundress Laun"dress (?), n. A woman whose employment is laundering. Laundress Laun"dress, v. i. To act as a laundress.[Obs.] Laundry Laun"dry (?), n.; pl. Laundries (#). [OE. lavendrie, OF. lavanderie. See Launder.] 1. A laundering; a washing. 2. A place or room where laundering is done. Laundryman Laun"dry*man (?), n.; pl. Laundrymen (. A man who follows the business of laundering. Laura Lau"ra (?), n. [LL., fr. Gr. ( (R. C. Ch.) A number of hermitages or cells in the same neighborhood occupied by anchorites who were under the same superior. C. Kingsley. Lauraceous Lau*ra"ceous (?), a. [From Laurus.] (Bot.) Belonging to, or resembling, a natural order (Laurace\'91) of trees and shrubs having aromatic bark and foliage, and including the laurel, sassafras, cinnamon tree, true camphor tree, etc. Laurate Lau"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of lauric acid. Laureate Lau"re*ate (?), a. [L. laureatus, fr. laurea laurel tree, fr. laureus of laurel, fr. laurus laurel: cf. F. laur\'82at. Cf. Laurel.] Crowned, or decked, with laurel. Chaucer. To strew the laureate hearse where Lycid lies. Milton. Soft on her lap her laureate son reclines. Pope. Poet laureate. (b) One who received an honorable degree in grammar, including poetry and rhetoric, at the English universities; -- so called as being presented with a wreath of laurel. [Obs.] (b) Formerly, an officer of the king's household, whose business was to compose an ode annually for the king's birthday, and other suitable occasions; now, a poet officially distinguished by such honorary title, the office being a sinecure. It is said this title was first given in the time of Edward IV. [Eng.] Laureate Lau"re*ate, n. One crowned with laurel; a poet laureate. "A learned laureate." Cleveland. Laureate Lau"re*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Laureated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Laureating (?).] To honor with a wreath of laurel, as formerly was done in bestowing a degree at the English universities. Laureateship Lau"re*ate*ship, n. State, or office, of a laureate. Laureation Lau`re*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. laur\'82ation.] The act of crowning with laurel; the act of conferring an academic degree, or honorary title. Laurel Lau"rel (?), n. [OE. lorel, laurer, lorer, OF. lorier, laurier, F. laurier, (assumed) LL. Laurarius, fr. L. laurus.] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen shrub, of the genus Laurus (L. nobilis), having aromatic leaves of a lanceolate shape, with clusters of small, yellowish white flowers in their axils; -- called also sweet bay. NOTE: The fr uit is a pu rple be rry. It is fo und ab out th e Mediterranean, and was early used by the ancient Greeks to crown the victor in the games of Apollo. At a later period, academic honors were indicated by a crown of laurel, with the fruit. The leaves and tree yield an aromatic oil, used to flavor the bay water of commerce. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is ex tended to other plants which in some respect resemble the true laurel. See Phrases, below. 2. A crown of laurel; hence, honor; distinction; fame; -- especially in the plural; as, to win laurels. 3. An English gold coin made in 1619, and so called because the king's head on it was crowned with laurel. Laurel water, water distilled from the fresh leaves of the cherry laurel, and containing prussic acid and other products carried over in the process. American laurel, OR Mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia. See under Mountain. -- California laurel, Umbellularia Californica. -- Cherry laurel (in England called laurel). See under Cherry. -- Great laurel, the rosebay (Rhododendron maximum). -- Ground laurel, trailing arbutus. -- New Zealand laurel, Laurelia Nov\'91 Zelandi\'91. -- Portugal laurel, the Prunus Lusitanica. -- Rose laurel, the oleander. See Oleander. -- Sheep laurel, a poisonous shrub, Kalmia angustifolia, smaller than the mountain laurel, and with smaller and redder flowers. -- Spurge laurel, Daphne Laureola. -- West Indian laurel, Prunus occidentalis. Laureled Lau"reled (?), a. Crowned with laurel, or with a laurel wreath; laureate. [Written also laurelled.] Laurentian Lau*ren"tian (?), a. Pertaining to, or near, the St. Lawrence River; as, the Laurentian hills. Laurentian period (Geol.), the lower of the two divisions of the Arch\'91an age; -- called also the Laurentian. Laurer Lau"rer (?), n. Laurel. [Obs.] Chaucer. Laurestine Lau"res*tine (?), n. [NL. lautus tinus, fr. L. laurus the laurel + tinus laurestine. See Laurel.] (Bot.) The Viburnum Tinus, an evergreen shrub or tree of the south of Europe, which flowers during the winter mouths. [Written also laurustine and laurestina.] Lauric Lau"ric (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, the European bay or laurel (Laurus nobilis). Lauric acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline substance, C12H24O2, resembling palmitic acid, and obtained from the fruit of the bay tree, and other sources. <-- CH3(CH2)10COOH = dodecanoic acid, laurostearic acid, dodecoic acid. Obtained from various vegetable sources. Sodium salt used as a detergent. --> Lauriferous Lau*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. laurifer; laurus + ferre to bear.] Producing, or bringing, laurel. Laurin Lau"rin (?), n. [Cf. F. laurine.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance extracted from the fruit of the bay (Laurus nobilis), and consisting of a complex mixture of glycerin ethers of several organic acids. Laurinol Lau"ri*nol (?), n. [Laurin + -ol.] (Chem.) Ordinary camphor; -- so called in allusion to the family name (Laurace\'91) of the camphor trees. See Camphor. Lauriol Lau"ri*ol (?), n. Spurge laurel. [Obs.] Chaucer. Laurite Lau"rite (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Min.) A rare sulphide of osmium and ruthenium found with platinum in Borneo and Oregon. Laurone Lau"rone (?), n. [Lauric + -one.] (Chem.) The ketone of lauric acid. Laurus Lau"rus (?), n. [L., laurel.] (Bot.) A genus of trees including, according to modern authors, only the true laurel (Laurus nobilis), and the larger L. Canariensis of Madeira and the Canary Islands. Formerly the sassafras, the camphor tree, the cinnamon tree, and several other aromatic trees and shrubs, were also referred to the genus Laurus. Laus Laus (?), a. Loose. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lava La"va (?), n. [It. lava lava, orig. in Naples, a torrent of rain overflowing the streets, fr. It. & L. lavare to wash. See Lave.] The melted rock ejected by a volcano from its top or fissured sides. It flows out in streams sometimes miles in length. It also issues from fissures in the earth's surface, and forms beds covering many square miles, as in the Northwestern United States. NOTE: &hand; La vas ar e cl assed, according to their structure, as scoriaceous or cellular, glassy, stony, etc., and according to the material of which they consist, as doleritic, trachytic, etc. Lava millstone, a hard and coarse basaltic millstone from the neighborhood of the Rhine. -- Lava ware, a kind of cheap pottery made of iron slag cast into tiles, urns, table tops, etc., resembling lava in appearance. Lavaret Lav"a*ret (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) A European whitefish (Coregonus laveretus), found in the mountain lakes of Sweden, Germany, and Switzerland. _________________________________________________________________ Page 835 Lavatic La*vat"ic (?), a. Like lava, or composed of lava; lavic. Lavation La*va"tion (?), n. [L. lavatio: cf. OF. lavation.] A washing or cleansing. [Obs. or R.] Lavatory Lav"a*to*ry (?), a. Washing, or cleansing by washing. Lavatory Lav"a*to*ry, n.; pl. Lavatories (#). [L. lavatorium: cf. lavatoire. See Lave to wash, and cf. Laver.] 1. A place for washing. 2. A basin or other vessel for washing in. 3. A wash or lotion for a diseased part. 4. A place where gold is obtained by washing. <-- 5. a room containing one or more sinks for washing, as well as one or more toilets (fixtures). also bathroom, toilet, and sometimes commode. Commode may refer to a room with a toilet (fixture) but without a sink. Toilet may refer to a small room with only a toilet fixture. --> Lavature Lav"a*ture (?; 135), n. A wash or lotion. [Obs.] Lave Lave (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Laved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Laving.] [F. laver, L. lavare, akin to luere to wash, Gr. Ablution, Deluge, Lavender, Lava, Lotion.] To wash; to bathe; as, to lave a bruise. His feet the foremost breakers lave. Byron. Lave Lave, v. i. To bathe; to wash one's self. In her chaste current oft the goddess laves. Pope. Lave Lave, v. t. [OE. laven. See Lavish.] To lade, dip, or pour out. [Obs.] Dryden. Lave Lave, n. [AS. l\'bef the remainder, what is left. Leave.] The remainder; others. [Scot.] Bp. Hall. Lave-eared Lave"-eared` (?), a. [Cf. W. llaf that extends round, llipa flaccid, flapping, G. lapp flabby, lappohr flap ear.] Having large, pendent ears. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Laveer La*veer" (?), v. i. [D. laveren.] (Naut.) To beat against the wind; to tack. [Obs.] Dryden. Lavement Lave"ment (?), n. [F. lavement, fr. laver to wash.] A washing or bathing; also, a clyster. Lavender Lav"en*der (?), n. [OE. lavendre, F. lavande, It. lavanda lavender, a washing, fr. L. lavare to wash; cf. It. lsavendola, LL. lavendula. So called because it was used in bathing and washing. See Lave. to wash, and cf. Lavender.] 1. (Bot.) An aromatic plant of the genus Lavandula (L. vera), common in the south of Europe. It yields and oil used in medicine and perfumery. The Spike lavender (L. Spica) yields a coarser oil (oil of spike), used in the arts. 2. The pale, purplish color of lavender flowers, paler and more delicate than lilac. Lavender cotton (Bot.), a low, twiggy, aromatic shrub (Santolina Cham\'91cyparissus) of the Mediterranean region, formerly used as a vermifuge, etc., and still used to keep moths from wardrobes. Also called ground cypress. -- Lavender water, a perfume composed of alcohol, essential oil of lavender, essential oil of bergamot, and essence of ambergris. -- Sea lavender. (Bot.) See Marsh rosemary. -- To lay in lavender. (a) To lay away, as clothing, with sprigs of lavender. (b) To pawn. [Obs.] Laver Lav"er (?), n. [OE. lavour, F. lavoir, L. lavatorium a washing place. See Lavatory.] 1. A vessel for washing; a large basin. 2. (Script. Hist.) (a) A large brazen vessel placed in the court of the Jewish tabernacle where the officiating priests washed their hands and feet. (b) One of several vessels in Solomon's Temple in which the offerings for burnt sacrifices were washed. 3. That which washes or cleanses. J. H. Newman. Laver Lav"er, n. [From Lave to wash.] One who laves; a washer. [Obs.] Laver La"ver (?), n. The fronds of certain marine alg\'91 used as food, and for making a sauce called laver sauce. Green laver is the Ulva latissima; purlpe laver, Porphyra laciniata and P. vulgaris. It is prepared by stewing, either alone or with other vegetables, and with various condiments; -- called also sloke, or sloakan. Mountain laver (Bot.), a reddish gelatinous alga of the genus Palmella, found on the sides of mountains Laverock La"ver*ock (?), n. [See Lark the bird.] The lark. [Old Eng. & Scot.] [Written also lavrock.] Gower. Lavic La"vic (?), a. See Lavatic. Lavish Lav"ish (?), a. [Akin to E. lave to lade out; cf. AS. gelafian to refresh, G. laben.] 1. Expending or bestowing profusely; profuse; prodigal; as, lavish of money; lavish of praise. 2. Superabundant; excessive; as, lavish spirits. Let her have needful, but not lavish, means. Shak. Syn. -- Profuse; prodigal; wasteful; extravagant; exuberant; immoderate. See Profuse. Lavish Lav"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lavished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lavishing.] To expend or bestow with profusion; to use with prodigality; to squander; as, to lavish money or praise. Lavisher Lav"ish*er (?), n. One who lavishes. Lavishly Lav"ish*ly, adv. In a lavish manner. Lavishment Lav"ish*ment (?), n. The act of lavishing. Lavishness Lav"ish*ness, n. The quality or state of being lavish. Lav La*v (?), n. [NL., fr. Lavoisier, the celebrated French chemist.] (Chem.) A supposed new metallic element. It is said to have been discovered in pyrites, and some other minerals, and to be of a silver-white color, and malleable. Lavolt, Lavolta La*volt" (?), La*vol"ta (?), n. [It.la volta the turn, turning, whirl. Cf. Volt of a horse, Volta.] An old dance, for two persons, being a kind of waltz, in which the woman made a high spring or bound. Shak. Lavoltateer La*vol`ta*teer" (?), n. A dancer of the lavolta. Lavour Lav"our (?), n. A laver. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lavrock La"vrock (?), n. Same as Laverock. Law Law (?), n. [OE. lawe, laghe, AS. lagu, from the root of E. lie: akin to OS. lag, Icel. l\'94g, Sw. lag, Dan. lov; cf. L. lex, E. legal. A law is that which is laid, set, or fixed; like statute, fr. L. statuere to make to stand. See Lie to be prostrate.] 1. In general, a rule of being or of conduct, established by an authority able to enforce its will; a controlling regulation; the mode or order according to which an agent or a power acts. NOTE: &hand; A la w ma y be un iversal or particular, written or unwritten, published or secret. From the nature of the highest laws a degree of permanency or stability is always implied; but the power which makes a law, or a superior power, may annul or change it. These are the statutes and judgments and law, which the Lord made. Lev. xxvi. 46. The law of thy God, and the law of the King. Ezra vii. 26. As if they would confine the Interminable . . . Who made our laws to bind us, not himself. Milton. His mind his kingdom, and his will his law. Cowper. 2. In morals: The will of God as the rule for the disposition and conduct of all responsible beings toward him and toward each other; a rule of living, conformable to righteousness; the rule of action as obligatory on the conscience or moral nature. 3. The Jewish or Mosaic code, and that part of Scripture where it is written, in distinction from the gospel; hence, also, the Old Testament. What things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law . . . But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets. Rom. iii. 19, 21. 4. In human government: (a) An organic rule, as a constitution or charter, establishing and defining the conditions of the existence of a state or other organized community. (b) Any edict, decree, order, ordinance, statute, resolution, judicial, decision, usage, etc., or recognized, and enforced, by the controlling authority. 5. In philosophy and physics: A rule of being, operation, or change, so certain and constant that it is conceived of as imposed by the will of God or by some controlling authority; as, the law of gravitation; the laws of motion; the law heredity; the laws of thought; the laws of cause and effect; law of self-preservation. 6. In matematics: The rule according to which anything, as the change of value of a variable, or the value of the terms of a series, proceeds; mode or order of sequence. 7. In arts, works, games, etc.: The rules of construction, or of procedure, conforming to the conditions of success; a principle, maxim; or usage; as, the laws of poetry, of architecture, of courtesy, or of whist. 8. Collectively, the whole body of rules relating to one subject, or emanating from one source; -- including usually the writings pertaining to them, and judicial proceedings under them; as, divine law; English law; Roman law; the law of real property; insurance law. 9. Legal science; jurisprudence; the principles of equity; applied justice. Reason is the life of the law; nay, the common law itself is nothing else but reason. Coke. Law is beneficence acting by rule. Burke. And sovereign Law, that state's collected will O'er thrones and globes elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. Sir W. Jones. 10. Trial by the laws of the land; judicial remedy; litigation; as, to go law. When every case in law is right. Shak. He found law dear and left it cheap. Brougham. 11. An oath, as in the presence of a court. [Obs.] See Wager of law, under Wager. Avogadro's law (Chem.), a fundamental conception, according to which, under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, all gases and vapors contain in the same volume the same number of ultimate molecules; -- so named after Avogadro, an Italian scientist. Sometimes called Amp\'8are's law. -- Bode's law (Astron.), an approximative empirical expression of the distances of the planets from the sun, as follows: -- Mer. Ven. Earth. Mars. Aste. Jup. Sat. Uran. Nep. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 3 6 12 24 48 96 192 384 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- --- 4 7 10 16 28 52 100 196 388 5.9 7.3 10 15.2 27.4 52 95.4 192 300 where each distance (line third) is the sum of 4 and a multiple of 3 by the series 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, etc., the true distances being given in the lower line. -- Boyle's law (Physics), an expression of the fact, that when an elastic fluid is subjected to compression, and kept at a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume is a constant quantity, i. e., the volume is inversely proportioned to the pressure; -- known also as Mariotte's law, and the law of Boyle and Mariotte. -- Brehon laws. See under Brehon. -- Canon law, the body of ecclesiastical law adopted in the Christian Church, certain portions of which (for example, the law of marriage as existing before the Council of Tent) were brought to America by the English colonists as part of the common law of the land. Wharton. -- Civil law, a term used by writers to designate Roman law, with modifications thereof which have been made in the different countries into which that law has been introduced. The civil law, instead of the common law, prevails in the State of Louisiana. Wharton. -- Commercial law. See Law merchant (below). -- Common law. See under Common. -- Criminal law, that branch of jurisprudence which relates to crimes. -- Ecclesiastical law. See under Ecclesiastical. -- Grimm's law (Philol.), a statement (propounded by the German philologist Jacob Grimm) of certain regular changes which the primitive Indo-European mute consonants, so-called (most plainly seen in Sanskrit and, with some changes, in Greek and Latin), have undergone in the Teutonic languages. Examples: Skr. bh\'betr, L. frater, E. brother, G. bruder; L. tres, E. three, G. drei, Skr. go, E. cow, G. kuh; Skr. dh\'be to put, Gr. ti-qe`-nai, E. do, OHG, tuon, G. thun. -- Kepler's laws (Astron.), three important laws or expressions of the order of the planetary motions, discovered by John Kepler. They are these: (1) The orbit of a planet with respect to the sun is an ellipse, the sun being in one of the foci. (2) The areas swept over by a vector drawn from the sun to a planet are proportioned to the times of describing them. (3) The squares of the times of revolution of two planets are in the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances. -- Law binding, a plain style of leather binding, used for law books; -- called also law calf. -- Law book, a book containing, or treating of, laws. -- Law calf. See Law binding (above). -- Law day. (a) Formerly, a day of holding court, esp. a court-leet. (b) The day named in a mortgage for the payment of the money to secure which it was given. [U. S.] -- Law French, the dialect of Norman, which was used in judicial proceedings and law books in England from the days of William the Conqueror to the thirty-sixth year of Edward III. -- Law language, the language used in legal writings and forms. -- Law Latin. See under Latin. -- Law lords, peers in the British Parliament who have held high judicial office, or have been noted in the legal profession. -- Law merchant, OR Commercial law, a system of rules by which trade and commerce are regulated; -- deduced from the custom of merchants, and regulated by judicial decisions, as also by enactments of legislatures.<-- now in most state superseded by the Uniform Commercial Code --> -- Law of Charles (Physics), the law that the volume of a given mass of gas increases or decreases, by a definite fraction of its value for a given rise or fall of temperature; -- sometimes less correctly styled Gay Lussac's law, or Dalton's law. -- Law of nations. See International law, under International. -- Law of nature. (a) A broad generalization expressive of the constant action, or effect, of natural conditions; as, death is a law of nature; self-defense is a law of nature. See Law, 4. (b) A term denoting the standard, or system, of morality deducible from a study of the nature and natural relations of human beings independent of supernatural revelation or of municipal and social usages. -- Law of the land, due process of law; the general law of the land. -- Laws of honor. See under Honor. -- Laws of motion (Physics), three laws defined by Sir Isaac Newton: (1) Every body perseveres in its state of rest or of moving uniformly in a straight line, except so far as it is made to change that state by external force. (2) Change of motion is proportional to the impressed force, and takes place in the direction in which the force is impressed. (3) Reaction is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in opposite directions. -- Marine law, OR Maritime law, the law of the sea; a branch of the law merchant relating to the affairs of the sea, such as seamen, ships, shipping, navigation, and the like. Bouvier. -- Mariotte's law. See Boyle's law (above). -- Martial law.See under Martial. -- Military law, a branch of the general municipal law, consisting of rules ordained for the government of the military force of a state in peace and war, and administered in courts martial. Kent. Warren's Blackstone. -- Moral law,the law of duty as regards what is right and wrong in the sight of God; specifically, the ten commandments given by Moses. See Law, 2. -- Mosaic, OR Ceremonial, law. (Script.) See Law, 3. -- Municipal, OR Positive, law, a rule prescribed by the supreme power of a state, declaring some right, enforcing some duty, or prohibiting some act; -- distinguished from international and constitutional law. See Law, 1. -- Periodic law. (Chem.) See under Periodic. -- Roman law, the system of principles and laws found in the codes and treatises of the lawmakers and jurists of ancient Rome, and incorporated more or less into the laws of the several European countries and colonies founded by them. See Civil law (above). -- Statute law, the law as stated in statutes or positive enactments of the legislative body. -- Sumptuary law. See under Sumptuary. -- To go to law, to seek a settlement of any matter by bringing it before the courts of law; to sue or prosecute some one. -- To take, OR have, the law of, to bring the law to bear upon; as, to take the law of one's neighbor. Addison. -- Wager of law. See under Wager. Syn. -- Justice; equity. -- Law, Statute, Common law, Regulation, Edict, Decree. Law is generic, and, when used with reference to, or in connection with, the other words here considered, denotes whatever is commanded by one who has a right to require obedience. A statute is a particular law drawn out in form, and distinctly enacted and proclaimed. Common law is a rule of action founded on long usage and the decisions of courts of justice. A regulation is a limited and often, temporary law, intended to secure some particular end or object. An edict is a command or law issued by a sovereign, and is peculiar to a despotic government. A decree is a permanent order either of a court or of the executive government. See Justice. Law Law (?), v. t. Same as Lawe, v. t. [Obs.] Law Law, interj. [Cf. La.] An exclamation of mild surprise. [Archaic or Low] Law-abiding Law"-a*bid`ing (?), a. Abiding the law; waiting for the operation of law for the enforcement of rights; also, abiding by the law; obedient to the law; as, law-abiding people. Lawbreaker Law"break`er (?), n. One who disobeys the law; a criminal. -- Law"break`ing, n. & a. Lawe Lawe (?), v. t. [See 2d Lawing.] To cut off the claws and balls of, as of a dog's fore feet. Wright. Lawer Law"er (?), n. A lawyer. [Obs.] Bale. Lawful Law"ful (?), a. 1. Conformable to law; allowed by law; legitimate; competent. 2. Constituted or authorized by law; rightful; as, the lawful owner of lands. Lawful age, the age when the law recognizes one's right of independent action; majority; -- generally the age of twenty-one years.<-- = legal age --> NOTE: &hand; In some of the States, and for some purposes, a woman attains lawful age at eighteen. Abbott. Syn. -- Legal; constitutional; allowable; regular; rightful. -- Lawful, Legal. Lawful means conformable to the principle, spirit, or essence of the law, and is applicable to moral as well as juridical law. Legal means conformable to the letter or rules of the law as it is administered in the courts; conformable to juridical law. Legal is often used as antithetical to equitable, but lawful is seldom used in that sense. -- Law"ful*ly, adv. -- Law"ful*ness, n. Lawgiver Law"giv`er (?), n. One who makes or enacts a law or system of laws; a legislator. Lawgiving Law"giv`ing, a. Enacting laws; legislative. Lawing Law"ing, n. Going to law; litigation. Holinshed. Lawing Law"ing, n. [So called because done in compliance with an English forest law.] Expeditation. Blackstone. Lawless Law"less, a. 1. Contrary to, or unauthorized by, law; illegal; as, a lawless claim. He needs no indirect nor lawless course. Shak. 2. Not subject to, or restrained by, the law of morality or of society; as, lawless men or behavior. 3. Not subject to the laws of nature; uncontrolled. Or, meteorlike, flame lawless through the void. Pope. -- Law"less*ly, adv. -- Law"less*ness, n. Lawmaker Law"mak`er (?), n. A legislator; a lawgiver. _________________________________________________________________ Page 836 Lammaking Lam"mak`ing (?), a. Enacting laws; legislative. -- n. The enacting of laws; legislation. Lawmonger Law"mon`ger (?), n. A trader in law; one who practices law as if it were a trade. Milton. Lawn Lawn (?), n. [OE. laund, launde, F. lande heath, moor; of Celtic origin; cf. W. llan an open, clear place, llawnt a smooth rising hill, lawn, Armor. lann or lan territory, country, lann a prickly plant, pl. lannou heath, moor.] 1. An open space between woods. Milton. "Orchard lawns and bowery hollows." Tennyson. 2. Ground (generally in front of or around a house) covered with grass kept closely mown. Lawn mower, a machine for clipping the short grass of lawns. -- Lawn tennis, a variety of the game of tennis, played in the open air, sometimes upon a lawn, instead of in a tennis court. See Tennis. Lawm Lawm, n. [Earlier laune lynen, i. e., lawn linen; prob. from the town Laon in France.] A very fine linen (or sometimes cotton) fabric with a rather open texture. Lawn is used for the sleeves of a bishop's official dress in the English Church, and, figuratively, stands for the office itself. A saint in crape is twice in lawn. Pope. Lawnd Lawnd (?), n. [Obs.] See Laund. Lawny Lawn"y (?), a. Having a lawn; characterized by a lawn or by lawns; like a lawn. Musing through the lawny park. T. Warton. Lawny Lawn"y, a. Made of lawn or fine linen. Bp. Hall. Lawsonia Law*so"ni*a (?), n. (Bot.) An Asiatic and North African shrub (Lawsonia inermis), with smooth oval leaves, and fragrant white flowers. Henna is prepared from the leaves and twigs. In England the shrub is called Egyptian privet, and in the West Indies, Jamaica mignonette. Lawsuit Law"suit` (?), n. An action at law; a suit in equity or admiralty; any legal proceeding before a court for the enforcement of a claim. Lawyer Law"yer (?), n. [From Law, like bowyer, fr.bow.] 1. One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of law; one whose profession is to conduct lawsuits for clients, or to advise as to prosecution or defence of lawsuits, or as to legal rights and obligations in other matters. It is a general term, comprehending attorneys, counselors, solicitors, barristers, sergeants, and advocates. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The black-necked stilt. See Stilt. (b) The bowfin (Amia calva). (c) The burbot (Lota maculosa). Lawyerlike, Lawyerly Law"yer*like` (?), Law"yer*ly (?), a. Like, or becoming, a lawyer; as, lawyerlike sagacity. "Lawyerly mooting of this point." Milton. Lax Lax (?), a. [Compar. Laxer (?); superl. Laxest.] [L. laxus Cf. Laches, Languish, Lease, v. t., Leash.] 1. Not tense, firm, or rigid; loose; slack; as, a lax bandage; lax fiber. The flesh of that sort of fish being lax and spongy. Ray. 2. Not strict or stringent; not exact; loose; weak; vague; equivocal. The discipline was lax. Macaulay. Society at that epoch was lenient, if not lax, in matters of the passions. J. A. Symonds. The word "\'91ternus" itself is sometimes of a lax signification. Jortin. 3. Having a looseness of the bowels; diarrheal. Syn. -- Loose; slack; vague; unconfined; unrestrained; dissolute; licentious. Lax Lax, n. A looseness; diarrhea. Laxation Lax*a"tion (?), n. [L. laxatio, fr. laxare to loosen, fr. laxus loose, slack.] The act of loosening or slackening, or the state of being loosened or slackened. Laxative Lax"a*tive (?), a. [L. laxativus mitigating, assuaging: cf. F. laxatif. See Lax, a.] 1. Having a tendency to loosen or relax. Milton. 2. (Med.) Having the effect of loosening or opening the intestines, and relieving from constipation; -- opposed to astringent. -- n. (Med.) A laxative medicine. See the Note under Cathartic. Laxativeness Lax"a*tive*ness, n. The quality of being laxative. Laxator Lax*a"tor (?), n. [NL., fr. L. laxare, laxatum, to loosen.] (Anat.) That which loosens; -- esp., a muscle which by its contraction loosens some part. Laxi-ty Lax"i-ty (?), n. [L. laxitas, fr. laxus loose, slack: cf. F. laxit\'82, See Lax, a.] The state or quality of being lax; want of tenseness, strictness, or exactness. Laxly Lax"ly, adv. In a lax manner. Laxness Lax"ness, n. The state of being lax; laxity. Lay Lay (?), imp. of Lie, to recline. Lay Lay, a. [F. lai, L. laicus, Gr. Laic.] 1. Of or pertaining to the laity, as distinct from the clergy; as, a lay person; a lay preacher; a lay brother. 2. Not educated or cultivated; ignorant.[Obs.] 3. Not belonging to, or emanating from, a particular profession; unprofessional; as, a lay opinion regarding the nature of a disease. Lay baptism (Eccl.), baptism administered by a lay person. F. G. Lee. -- Lay brother (R. C. Ch.), one received into a convent of monks under the three vows, but not in holy orders. -- Lay clerk (Eccl.), a layman who leads the responses of the congregation, etc., in the church service. Hook. -- Lay days (Com.), time allowed in a charter party for taking in and discharging cargo. McElrath. -- Lay elder. See 2d Elder, 3, note. Lay Lay (?), n. The laity; the common people. [Obs.] The learned have no more privilege than the lay. B. Jonson. Lay Lay, n. A meadow. See Lea. [Obs.] Dryden. Lay Lay, n. [OF.lei faith, law, F. loi law. See Legal.] 1. Faith; creed; religious profession. [Obs.] Of the sect to which that he was born He kept his lay, to which that he was sworn. Chaucer. 2. A law. [Obs.] "Many goodly lays." Spenser. 3. An obligation; a vow. [Obs.] They bound themselves by a sacred lay and oath. Holland. Lay Lay (?), a. [OF. lai, lais, prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. laoi, laoidh, song, poem, OIr.laoidh poem, verse; but cf. also AS. l\'bec play, sport, G. leich a sort of poem (cf. Lake to sport). 1. A song; a simple lyrical poem; a ballad. Spenser. Sir W. Scott. 2. A melody; any musical utterance. The throstle cock made eke his lay. Chaucer. Lay Lay (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Laid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Laying.] [OE. leggen, AS. lecgan, causative, fr. licgan to lie; akin to D.leggen, G. legen, Icel. leggja, Goth. lagjan. See Lie to be prostrate.] 1. To cause to lie down, to be prostrate, or to lie against something; to put or set down; to deposit; as, to lay a book on the table; to lay a body in the grave; a shower lays the dust. A stone was brought, and laid upon the mouth of the den. Dan. vi. 17. Soft on the flowery herb I found me laid. Milton. 2. To place in position; to establish firmly; to arrange with regularity; to dispose in ranks or tiers; as, to lay a corner stone; to lay bricks in a wall; to lay the covers on a table. 3. To prepare; to make ready; to contrive; to provide; as, to lay a snare, an ambush, or a plan. 4. To spread on a surface; as, to lay plaster or paint. 5. To cause to be still; to calm; to allay; to suppress; to exorcise, as an evil spirit. After a tempest when the winds are laid. Waller. 6. To cause to lie dead or dying. Brave C\'91neus laid Ortygius on the plain, The victor C\'91neus was by Turnus slain. Dryden. 7. To deposit, as a wager; to stake; to risk. I dare lay mine honor He will remain so. Shak. 8. To bring forth and deposit; as, to lay eggs. 9. To apply; to put. She layeth her hands to the spindle. Prov. xxxi. 19. 10. To impose, as a burden, suffering, or punishment; to assess, as a tax; as, to lay a tax on land. The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. Is. Iiii. 6. 11. To impute; to charge; to allege. God layeth not folly to them. Job xxiv. 12. Lay the fault on us. Shak. 12. To impose, as a command or a duty; as, to lay commands on one. 13. To present or offer; as, to lay an indictment in a particular county; to lay a scheme before one. 14. (Law) To state; to allege; as, to lay the venue. Bouvier. 15. (Mil.) To point; to aim; as, to lay a gun. 16. (Rope Making) To put the strands of (a rope, a cable, etc.) in their proper places and twist or unite them; as, to lay a cable or rope. 17. (Print.) (a) To place and arrange (pages) for a form upon the imposing stone. (b) To place (new type) properly in the cases. To lay asleep, to put sleep; to make unobservant or careless. Bacon. -- To lay bare, to make bare; to strip. And laid those proud roofs bare to summer's rain. Byron. -- To lay before, to present to; to submit for consideration; as, the papers are laid before Congress. -- To lay by. (a) To save. (b) To discard. Let brave spirits . . . not be laid by. Bacon. -- To lay by the heels, to put in the stocks. Shak. -- To lay down. (a) To stake as a wager. (b) To yield; to relinquish; to surrender; as, to lay down one's life; to lay down one's arms. (c) To assert or advance, as a proposition or principle. -- To lay forth. (a) To extend at length; (reflexively) to exert one's self; to expatiate. [Obs.] (b) To lay out (as a corpse). [Obs.] Shak. -- To lay hands on, to seize. -- To lay hands on one's self, or To lay violent hands on one's self, to injure one's self; specif., to commit suicide. -- To lay heads together, to consult. -- To lay hold of, OR To lay hold on, to seize; to catch. -- To lay in, to store; to provide. -- To lay it on, to apply without stint. Shak. -- To lay on, to apply with force; to inflict; as, to lay on blows. -- To lay on load, to lay on blows; to strike violently. [Obs. OR Archaic] -- To lay one's self out, to strive earnestly. No selfish man will be concerned to lay out himself for the good of his country. Smalridge. -- To lay one's self open to, to expose one's self to, as to an accusation. -- To lay open, to open; to uncover; to expose; to reveal. -- To lay over, to spread over; to cover. -- To lay out. (a) To expend. Macaulay. (b) To display; to discover. (c) To plan in detail; to arrange; as, to lay out a garden. (d) To prepare for burial; as, to lay out a corpse. (e) To exert; as, to lay out all one's strength. -- To lay siege to. (a) To besiege; to encompass with an army. (b) To beset pertinaciously. -- To lay the course (Naut.), to sail toward the port intended without jibing. -- To lay the land (Naut.), to cause it to disappear below the horizon, by sailing away from it. -- To lay to (a) To charge upon; to impute. (b) To apply with vigor. (c) To attack or harass. [Obs.] Knolles. (d) (Naut.) To check the motion of (a vessel) and cause it to be stationary. -- To lay to heart, to feel deeply; to consider earnestly. -- To lay under, to subject to; as, to lay under obligation or restraint. -- To lay unto. (a) Same as To lay to (above). (b) To put before. Hos. xi. 4. -- To lay up. (a) To store; to reposit for future use. (b) To confine; to disable. (c) To dismantle, and retire from active service, as a ship. -- To lay wait for, to lie in ambush for. -- To lay waste, to destroy; to make desolate; as, to lay waste the land. Syn. -- See Put, v. t., and the Note under 4th Lie. Lay Lay, v. i. 1. To produce and deposit eggs. 2. (Naut.) To take a position; to come or go; as, to lay forward; to lay aloft. 3. To lay a wager; to bet. To lay about, OR To lay about one, to strike vigorously in all directions. J. H. Newman. -- To lay at, to strike or strike at. Spenser. -- To lay for, to prepare to capture or assault; to lay wait for. [Colloq.] Bp Hall. -- To lay in for, to make overtures for; to engage or secure the possession of. [Obs.] "I have laid in for these." Dryden. -- To lay on, to strike; to beat; to attack. Shak. -- To lay out, to purpose; to plan; as, he lays out to make a journey. Lay Lay (?), n. 1. That which lies or is laid or is conceived of as having been laid or placed in its position; a row; a stratum; a layer; as, a lay of stone or wood. Addison. A viol should have a lay of wire strings below. Bacon. NOTE: &hand; Th e la y of a ro pe is right-handed or left-handed according to the hemp or strands are laid up. See Lay, v. t., 16. The lay of land is its topographical situation, esp. its slope and its surface features. 2. A wager. "My fortunes against any lay worth naming." 3. (a) A job, price, or profit. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. (b) A share of the proceeds or profits of an enterprise; as, when a man ships for a whaling voyage, he agrees for a certain lay. [U. S.] 4. (Textile Manuf.) (a) A measure of yarn; a les. See 1st Lea (a). (b) The lathe of a loom. See Lathe, 8. 5. A plan; a scheme. [Slang] Dickens. Lay figure. (a) A jointed model of the human body that may be put in any attitude; -- used for showing the disposition of drapery, etc. (b) A mere puppet; one who serves the will of others without independent volition. -- Lay race, that part of a lay on which the shuttle travels in weaving; -- called also shuttle race. Layer Lay"er (?), n. [See Lay to cause to lie flat.] 1. One who, or that which, lays. 2. [Prob. a corruption of lair.] That which is laid; a stratum; a bed; one thickness, course, or fold laid over another; as, a layer of clay or of sand in the earth; a layer of bricks, or of plaster; the layers of an onion. 3. A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propagation. 4. An artificial oyster bed. Layering Lay"er*ing, n. A propagating by layers. Gardner. Laying Lay"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, lays. 2. The act or period of laying eggs; the eggs laid for one incubation; a clutch. 3. The first coat on laths of plasterer's two-coat work. Layland Lay"land` (?), n. [Lay a meadow + land.] Land lying untilled; fallow ground. [Obs.] Blount. Layman Lay"man (?) n.; pl. Laymen (. [Lay, adj. + man.] 1. One of the people, in distinction from the clergy; one of the laity; sometimes, a man not belonging to some particular profession, in distinction from those who do.<-- used esp. by physicians of those w/o medical training --> Being a layman, I ought not to have concerned myself with speculations which belong to the profession. Dryden. 2. A lay figure. See under Lay, n. (above). Dryden Layner Lay"ner (?), n.[See Lanier.] A whiplash. [Obs.] Layship Lay"ship (?), n. The condition of being a layman. [Obs.] Milton. Laystall Lay"stall` (?), n. 1. A place where rubbish, dung, etc., are laid or deposited.[Obs.] B. Jonson. Smithfield was a laystall of all ordure and filth. Bacon. 2. A place where milch cows are kept, or cattle on the way to market are lodged. [Obs.] Lazar La"zar (?), n. [OF. lazare, fr. Lazarus the beggar. Luke xvi. 20.] A person infected with a filthy or pestilential disease; a leper. Chaucer. Like loathsome lazars, by the hedges lay. Spenser. Lazar house a lazaretto; also, a hospital for quarantine. Lazaret, Lazaretto Laz`a*ret" (?), Laz`a*ret"to (?), n. [F. lazaret, or It. lazzeretto, fr. Lazarus. See Lazar.] A public building, hospital, or pesthouse for the reception of diseased persons, particularly those affected with contagious diseases. Lazarist, Lazarite Laz"a*rist (?), Laz"a*rite (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) One of the Congregation of the Priests of the Mission, a religious institute founded by Vincent de Paul in 1624, and popularly called Lazarists or Lazarites from the College of St. Lazare in Paris, which was occupied by them until 1792. Lazarlike, Lazarly La"zar*like` (?), La"zar*ly (?), a. Full of sores; leprous. Shak. Bp. Hall. Lazaroni Laz`a*ro"ni (?), n. pl. See Lazzaroni. Lazarwort La"zar*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Laserwort. Laze Laze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lazing.] [See Lazy.] To be lazy or idle. [Colloq.] Middleton. Laze Laze, v. t. To waste in sloth; to spend, as time, in idleness; as, to laze away whole days. [Colloq.] Lazily La"zi*ly (?), adv. In a lazy manner. Locke. Laziness La"zi*ness, n. The state or quality of being lazy. Laziness travels so slowly, that Poverty soon overtakes him. Franklin. Lazuli Laz"u*li (?), n.[F. & NL. lapis lazuli, LL. lazulus, lazurius, lazur from the same Oriental source as E. azure. See Azure.] (Min.) A mineral of a fine azure-blue color, usually in small rounded masses. It is essentially a silicate of alumina, lime, and soda, with some sodium sulphide, is often marked by yellow spots or veins of sulphide of iron, and is much valued for ornamental work. Called also lapis lazuli, and Armenian stone. <-- and lapis. --> Lazulite Laz"u*lite (?), n. [From lazuli : cf. F. lazulite, G. lazulith.] (Min.) A mineral of a light indigo-blue color, occurring in small masses, or in monoclinic crystals; blue spar. It is a hydrous phosphate of alumina and magnesia. Lazy La"zy (?), a. [Compar. Lazier (?); superl. Laziest.] [OE. lasie, laesic, of uncertain origin; cf. F. las tired, L. lassus, akin to E. late; or cf. LG. losig, lesig.] 1. Disinclined to action or exertion; averse to labor; idle; shirking work. Bacon. 2. Inactive; slothful; slow; sluggish; as, a lazy stream. "The night owl's lazy flight." Shak. 3. Wicked; vicious. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] B. Jonson. _________________________________________________________________ Page 837 Lazy tongs, a system of jointed bars capable of great extension, originally made for picking up something at a distance, now variously applied in machinery. Syn. -- Idle; indolent; sluggish; slothful. See Idle. Lazyback La"zy*back` (?), n. A support for the back, attached to the seat of a carriage. [Colloq.] Lazybones La"zy*bones` (?), n. A lazy person. [Colloq.] Lazzaroni Laz`za*ro"ni (?; It. , n. pl. [It. lazzarone, pl. lazzaroni.] The homeless idlers of Naples who live by chance work or begging; -- so called from the Hospital of St. Lazarus, which serves as their refuge. [Written also, but improperly, lazaroni.] Lea Lea, n. [Cf. Lay, n. (that which is laid), 4.] (Textile Manuf.) (a) A measure of yarn; for linen, 300 yards; for cotton, 120 yards; a lay. (b) A set of warp threads carried by a loop of the heddle. Lea Lea, n. [OE. ley, lay, As. le\'a0h, le\'a0; akin to Prov. G. lon bog, morass, grove, and perh. to L. lucus grove, E. light, n.] A meadow or sward land; a grassy field. "Plow-torn leas." Shak. The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray. Leach Leach (?), n. (Naut.) See 3d Leech. Leach Leach, n. [Written also letch.] [Cf. As. le\'a0h lye, G. lauge. See Lye.] 1. A quantity of wood ashes, through which water passes, and thus imbibes the alkali. 2. A tub or vat for leaching ashes, bark, etc. Leach tub, a wooden tub in which ashes are leached. Leach Leach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leaching.] [Written also leech and letch.] 1. To remove the soluble constituents from by subjecting to the action of percolating water or other liquid; as, to leach ashes or coffee. 2. To dissolve out; -- often used with out; as, to leach out alkali from ashes. Leach Leach, v. i. To part with soluble constituents by percolation. Leach Leach, n. See Leech, a physician. [Obs.] Leachy Leach"y (?), a. Permitting liquids to pass by percolation; not capable of retaining water; porous; pervious; -- said of gravelly or sandy soils, and the like. Lead Lead (l&ecr;d), n. [OE. led, leed, lead, AS. le\'a0d; akin to D. lood, MHG. l&omac;t, G. loth plummet, sounding lead, small weight, Sw. & Dan. lod. &root;123] 1. (Chem.) One of the elements, a heavy, pliable, inelastic metal, having a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished. It is both malleable and ductile, though with little tenacity, and is used for tubes, sheets, bullets, etc. Its specific gravity is 11.37. It is easily fusible, forms alloys with other metals, and is an ingredient of solder and type metal. Atomic weight, 206.4. Symbol Pb (L. Plumbum). It is chiefly obtained from the mineral galena, lead sulphide. 2. An article made of lead or an alloy of lead; as: (a) A plummet or mass of lead, used in sounding at sea. (b) (Print.) A thin strip of type metal, used to separate lines of type in printing. (c) Sheets or plates of lead used as a covering for roofs; hence, pl., a roof covered with lead sheets or terne plates. I would have the tower two stories, and goodly leads upon the top. Bacon 3. A small cylinder of black lead or plumbago, used in pencils. Black lead, graphite or plumbago, ; -- so called from its leadlike appearance and streak. [Colloq.] -- Coasting lead, a sounding lead intermediate in weight between a hand lead and deep-sea lead. -- Deep-sea lead, the heaviest of sounding leads, used in water exceeding a hundred fathoms in depth. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Hand lead, a small lead use for sounding in shallow water. -- Krems lead, Kremnitz lead [so called from Krems or Kremnitz, in Austria], a pure variety of white lead, formed into tablets, and called also Krems, or Kremnitz, white, and Vienna white. -- Lead arming, tallow put in the hollow of a sounding lead. See To arm the lead (below). -- Lead colic. See under Colic. -- Lead color, a deep bluish gray color, like tarnished lead. -- Lead glance. (Min.) Same as Galena. -- Lead line (a) (Med.) A dark line along the gums produced by a deposit of metallic lead, due to lead poisoning. (b) (Naut.) A sounding line. -- Lead mill, a leaden polishing wheel, used by lapidaries. -- Lead ocher (Min.), a massive sulphur-yellow oxide of lead. Same as Massicot. -- Lead pencil, a pencil of which the marking material is graphite (black lead). -- Lead plant (Bot.), a low leguminous plant, genus Amorpha (A. canescens), found in the Northwestern United States, where its presence is supposed to indicate lead ore. Gray. -- Lead tree. (a) (Bot.) A West Indian name for the tropical, leguminous tree, Leuc\'91na glauca; -- probably so called from the glaucous color of the foliage. (b) (Chem.) Lead crystallized in arborescent forms from a solution of some lead salt, as by suspending a strip of zinc in lead acetate. -- Mock lead, a miner's term for blende. -- Red lead, a scarlet, crystalline, granular powder, consisting of minium when pure, but commonly containing several of the oxides of lead. It is used as a paint or cement and also as an ingredient of flint glass. -- Red lead ore (Min.), crocoite. -- Sugar of lead, acetate of lead. -- To arm the lead, to fill the hollow in the bottom of a sounding lead with tallow in order to discover the nature of the bottom by the substances adhering. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- To cast, OR heave, the lead, to cast the sounding lead for ascertaining the depth of water. -- White lead, hydrated carbonate of lead, obtained as a white, amorphous powder, and much used as an ingredient of white paint. Lead Lead, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Leading.] 1. To cover, fill, or affect with lead; as, continuous firing leads the grooves of a rifle. 2. (Print.) To place leads between the lines of; as, to lead a page; leaded matter. Lead Lead (l&emac;d), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Led (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leading.] [OE. leden, AS. l (akin to OS. l, D. leiden, G. leiten,Icel. le, Sw. leda, Dan.lede), properly a causative fr. AS. li to go; akin to OHG. l, Icel. l,Goth. leipan (in comp.). Cf. Lode, Loath.] 1. To guide or conduct with the hand, or by means of some physical contact connection; as, a father leads a child; a jockey leads a horse with a halter; a dog leads a blind man. If a blind man lead a blind man, both fall down in the ditch. Wyclif (Matt. xv. 14.) They thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill. Luke iv. 29. In thy right hand lead with thee The mountain nymph, sweet Liberty. Milton. 2. To guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, esp. by going with or going in advance of. Hence, figuratively: To direct; to counsel; to instruct; as, to lead a traveler; to lead a pupil. The Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way. Ex. xiii. 21. He leadeth me beside the still waters. Ps. xxiii. 2. This thought might lead me through the world's vain mask. Content, though blind, had I no better guide. Milton. 3. To conduct or direct with authority; to have direction or charge of; as, to lead an army, an exploring party, or a search; to lead a political party. Christ took not upon him flesh and blood that he might conquer and rule nations, lead armies, or possess places. South. 4. To go or to be in advance of; to precede; hence, to be foremost or chief among; as, the big sloop led the fleet of yachts; the Guards led the attack; Demosthenes leads the orators of all ages. As Hesperus, that leads the sun his way. Fairfax. And lo ! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest. Leigh Hunt. 5. To draw or direct by influence, whether good or bad; to prevail on; to induce; to entice; to allure; as, to lead one to espouse a righteous cause. He was driven by the necessities of the times, more than led by his own disposition, to any rigor of actions. Eikon Basilike. Silly women, laden with sins,led away by divers lusts. 2 Tim. iii. 6 (Rev. Ver.). 6. To guide or conduct one's self in, through, or along (a certain course); hence, to proceed in the way of; to follow the path or course of; to pass; to spend. Also, to cause (one) to proceed or follow in (a certain course). That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life. 1 Tim. ii. 2. Nor thou with shadowed hint confuse A life that leads melodious days. Tennyson. You remember . . . the life he used to lead his wife and daughter. Dickens. 7. (Cards & Dominoes) To begin a game, round, or trick, with; as, to lead trumps; the double five was led. To lead astray, to guide in a wrong way, or into error; to seduce from truth or rectitude. -- To lead captive, to carry or bring into captivity. -- To lead the way, to show the way by going in front; to act as guide. Goldsmith. Lead Lead (?), v. i. 1. To guide or conduct, as by accompanying, going before, showing, influencing, directing with authority, etc.; to have precedence or pre\'89minence; to be first or chief; -- used in most of the senses of lead, v. t. 2. To tend or reach in a certain direction, or to a certain place; as, the path leads to the mill; gambling leads to other vices. The mountain foot that leads towards Mantua. Shak. To lead off OR out, to go first; to begin. Lead Lead, n. 1. The act of leading or conducting; guidance; direction; as, to take the lead; to be under the lead of another. At the time I speak of, and having a momentary lead, . . . I am sure I did my country important service. Burke. 2. precedence; advance position; also, the measure of precedence; as, the white horse had the lead; a lead of a boat's length, or of half a second. 3. (Cards & Dominoes) The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card suit, or piece, so played; as, your partner has the lead. 4. An open way in an ice field. Kane. 5. (Mining) A lode. 6. (Naut.) The course of a rope from end to end. 7. (Steam Engine) The width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is at end of its stroke. NOTE: &hand; When used alone it means outside lead, or lead for the admission of steam. Inside lead refers to the release or exhaust. 8. (Civil Engineering) the distance of haul, as from a cutting to an embankment. 9. (Horology) The action of a tooth, as a tooth of a wheel, in impelling another tooth or a pallet. Saunier. Lead angle (Steam Engine), the angle which the crank maker with the line of centers, in approaching it, at the instant when the valve opens to admit steam. -- Lead screw (Mach.), the main longitudinal screw of a lathe, which gives the feed motion to the carriage. Leaded Lead"ed (?), a. 1. Fitted with lead; set in lead; as, leaded windows. 2. (Print.) Separated by leads, as the lines of a page. Leaden Lead"en (?), a. 1. Made of lead; of the nature of lead; as, a leaden ball. 2. Like lead in color, etc. ; as, a leaden sky. 3. Heavy; dull; sluggish. "Leaden slumber." Shak. Leader Lead"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, leads or conducts; a guide; a conductor. Especially: (a) One who goes first. (b) One having authority to direct; a chief; a commander. (c) (Mus.) A performer who leads a band or choir in music; also, in an orchestra, the principal violinist; the one who plays at the head of the first violins. (d) (Naut.) A block of hard wood pierced with suitable holes for leading ropes in their proper places. (e) (Mach.) The principal wheel in any kind of machinery. [Obs. or R.] G. Francis. (f) A horse placed in advance of others; one of the forward pair of horses. He forgot to pull in his leaders, and they gallop away with him at times. Hare. (g) A pipe for conducting rain water from a roof to a cistern or to the ground; a conductor. (h) (Fishing) A net for leading fish into a pound, weir, etc. ; also, a line of gut, to which the snell of a fly hook is attached. (i) (Mining) A branch or small vein, not important in itself, but indicating the proximity of a better one. 2. The first, or the principal, editorial article in a newspaper; a leading or main editorial article. 3. (Print.) (a) A type having a dot or short row of dots upon its face. (b) pl. a row of dots, periods, or hyphens, used in tables of contents, etc., to lead the eye across a space to the right word or number. Syn. -- chief; chieftain; commander. See Chief. Leadership Lead"er*ship (?), n. The office of a leader. Leadhillite Lead"hill*ite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral of a yellowish or greenish white color, consisting of the sulphate and carbonate of lead; -- so called from having been first found at Leadhills, Scotland. Leading Lead"ing (?), a. Guiding; directing; controlling; foremost; as, a leading motive; a leading man; a leading example. -- Lead"ing*ly, adv. Leading case (Law), a reported decision which has come to be regarded as settling the law of the question involved. Abbott. -- Leading motive [a translation of G. leitmotif] (Mus.), a guiding theme; in the modern music drama of Wagner, a marked melodic phrase or short passage which always accompanies the reappearance of a certain person, situation, abstract idea, or allusion in the course of the play; a sort of musical label. -- Leading note (Mus.), the seventh note or tone in the ascending major scale; the sensible note. -- Leading question, a question so framed as to guide the person questioned in making his reply. -- Leading strings, strings by which children are supported when beginning to walk. -- To be in leading strings, to be in a state of infancy or dependence, or under the guidance of others. -- Leading wheel, a wheel situated before the driving wheels of a locomotive engine. Leading Lead"ing, n. 1. The act of guiding, directing, governing, or enticing; guidance. Shak. 2. Suggestion; hint; example. [Archaic] Bacon. Leadman Lead"man (?), n.; pl. Leadmen (. One who leads a dance.[Obs.] B. Jonson. Leadsman Leads"man (?), n.; pl. Leadsmen (. (Naut.) The man who heaves the lead. Totten. Leadwort Lead"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of maritime herbs (Plumbago). P. Europ\'91a has lead-colored spots on the leaves, and nearly lead-colored flowers. Leady Lead"y (?), a. Resembling lead. Sir T. Elyot. Leaf Leaf (?), n.; pl. Leaves (#). [OE. leef, lef, leaf, AS. le\'a0f; akin to S. l, OFries. laf, D. loof foliage, G. laub,OHG. loub leaf, foliage, Icel. lauf, Sw. l\'94f, Dan. l\'94v, Goth. laufs; cf. Lith. lapas. Cf. Lodge.] 1. (Bot.) A colored, usually green, expansion growing from the side of a stem or rootstock, in which the sap for the use of the plant is elaborated under the influence of light; one of the parts of a plant which collectively constitute its foliage. NOTE: &hand; Su ch le aves us ually consist of a blade, or lamina , supported upon a leafstalk or petiole, which, continued through the blade as the midrib, gives off woody ribs and veins that support the cellular texture. The petiole has usually some sort of an appendage on each side of its base, which is called the stipule. The green parenchyma of the leaf is covered with a thin epiderm pierced with closable microscopic openings, known as stomata. 2. (Bot.) A special organ of vegetation in the form of a lateral outgrowth from the stem, whether appearing as a part of the foliage, or as a cotyledon, a scale, a bract, a spine, or a tendril. NOTE: &hand; In th is vi ew every part of a plant, except the root and the stem, is either a leaf, or is composed of leaves more or less modified and transformed. 3. Something which is like a leaf in being wide and thin and having a flat surface, or in being attached to a larger body by one edge or end; as : (a) A part of a book or folded sheet containing two pages upon its opposite sides. (b) A side, division, or part, that slides or is hinged, as of window shutters, folding doors, etc. (c) The movable side of a table. (d) A very thin plate; as, gold leaf. (e) A portion of fat lying in a separate fold or layer. (f) One of the teeth of a pinion, especially when small. Leaf beetle (Zo\'94l.), any beetle which feeds upon leaves; esp., any species of the family Chrysomelid\'91, as the potato beetle and helmet beetle. -- Leaf bridge, a draw-bridge having a platform or leaf which swings vertically on hinges. -- Leaf bud (Bot.), a bud which develops into leaves or a leafy branch. -- Leaf butterfly (Zo\'94l.), any butterfly which, in the form and colors of its wings, resembles the leaves of plants upon which it rests; esp., butterflies of the genus Kallima, found in Southern Asia and the East Indies. -- Leaf crumpler (Zo\'94l.), a small moth (Phycis indigenella), the larva of which feeds upon leaves of the apple tree, and forms its nest by crumpling and fastening leaves together in clusters. -- Leaf cutter (Zo\'94l.) , any one of various species of wild bees of the genus Megachile, which cut rounded pieces from the edges of leaves, or the petals of flowers, to be used in the construction of their nests, which are made in holes and crevices, or in a leaf rolled up for the purpose. Among the common American species are M. brevis and M. centuncularis. Called also rose-cutting bee. -- Leaf fat, the fat which lies in leaves or layers within the body of an animal. -- Leaf flea (Zo\'94l.), a jumping plant louse of the family Psyllid\'91. -- Leaf frog (Zo\'94l.), any tree frog of the genus Phyllomedusa. -- Leaf green.(Bot.) See Chlorophyll. -- Leaf hopper (Zo\'94l.), any small jumping hemipterous insect of the genus Tettigonia, and allied genera. They live upon the leaves and twigs of plants. See Live hopper. -- Leaf insect (Zo\'94l.), any one of several genera and species of orthopterous insects, esp. of the genus Phyllium, in which the wings, and sometimes the legs, resemble leaves in color and form. They are common in Southern Asia and the East Indies. -- Leaf lard, lard from leaf fat. See under Lard. -- Leaf louse (Zo\'94l.), an aphid. -- Leaf metal, metal in thin leaves, as gold, silver, or tin. -- Leaf miner (Zo\'94l.), any one of various small lepidopterous and dipterous insects, which, in the larval stages, burrow in and eat the parenchyma of leaves; as, the pear-tree leaf miner (Lithocolletis geminatella). -- Leaf notcher (Zo\'94l.), a pale bluish green beetle (Artipus Floridanus), which, in Florida, eats the edges of the leaves of orange trees. -- Leaf roller (Zo\'94l.), the larva of any tortricid moth which makes a nest by rolling up the leaves of plants. See Tortrix. -- Leaf scar (Bot.), the cicatrix on a stem whence a leaf has fallen. -- Leaf sewer (Zo\'94l.), a tortricid moth, whose caterpillar makes a nest by rolling up a leaf and fastening the edges together with silk, as if sewn; esp., Phoxopteris nubeculana, which feeds upon the apple tree. -- Leaf sight, a hinges sight on a firearm, which can be raised or folded down. -- Leaf trace (Bot.), one or more fibrovascular bundles, which may be traced down an endogenous stem from the base of a leaf. -- Leaf tier (Zo\'94l.), a tortricid moth whose larva makes a nest by fastening the edges of a leaf together with silk; esp., Teras cinderella, found on the apple tree. -- Leaf valve, a valve which moves on a hinge. -- Leaf wasp (Zo\'94l.), a sawfiy. -- To turn over a new leaf, to make a radical change for the better in one's way of living or doing. [Colloq.] They were both determined to turn over a new leaf. Richardson. _________________________________________________________________ Page 838 Leaf Leaf (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leafed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leafing.] To shoot out leaves; to produce leaves; to leave; as, the trees leaf in May.<-- = leaf out --> Sir T. Browne. Leafage Leaf"age (?), n. Leaves, collectively; foliage. Leafcup Leaf"cup` (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse American composite weed (Polymnia Uvedalia). Leafed Leafed (?), a. Having (such) a leaf or (so many) leaves; -- used in composition; as, broad-leafed; four-leafed. Leafet Leaf"et (?), n. (Bot.) A leaflet. Leaf-footed Leaf"-foot`ed (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having leaflike expansions on the legs; -- said of certain insects; as, the leaf-footed bug (Leptoglossus phyllopus). Leafiness Leaf"i*ness (?), n. The state of being leafy. Leafless Leaf"less, a. Having no leaves or foliage; bearing no foliage. "Leafless groves." Cowper. -- Leaf"less*ness, n. Leafless plants, plants having no foliage, though leaves may be present in the form of scales and bracts. See Leaf, n., 1 and 2. Leaflet Leaf"let (?), n. 1. A little leaf; also, a little printed leaf or a tract. 2. (Bot.) One of the divisions of a compound leaf; a foliole. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A leaflike organ or part; as, a leaflet of the gills of fishes. Leaf-nosed Leaf"-nosed` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Having a leaflike membrane on the nose; -- said of certain bats, esp. of the genera Phyllostoma and Rhinonycteris. See Vampire. Leafstalk Leaf"stalk` (?), n. (Bot.) The stalk or petiole which supports a leaf. Leafy Leaf"y (?), a. [Compar. Leafier (?); superl. Leafiest.] 1. Full of leaves; abounding in leaves; as, the leafy forest. "The leafy month of June." Coleridge. 2. Consisting of leaves. "A leafy bed." Byron. League League (?), n. [Cf. OE. legue, lieue, a measure of length, F. lieue, Pr. lega, legua, It. & LL. lega, Sp. legua, Pg. legoa, legua; all fr. LL. leuca, of Celtic origin: cf. Arm. leo, lev (perh. from French), Ir.leige (perh. from English); also Ir. & Gael. leac a flag, a broad, flat stone, W. llech, -- such stones having perh. served as a sort of milestone (cf. Cromlech).] 1. A measure of length or distance, varying in different countries from about 2.4 to 4.6 English statute miles of 5.280 feet each, and used (as a land measure) chiefly on the continent of Europe, and in the Spanish parts of America. The marine league of England and the United States is equal to three marine, or geographical, miles of 6080 feet each. NOTE: &hand; Th e En glish la nd le ague is equal to three English statute miles. The Spanish and French leagues vary in each country according to usage and the kind of measurement to which they are applied. The Dutch and German leagues contain about four geographical miles, or about 4.6 English statute miles. 2. A stone erected near a public road to mark the distance of a league. [Obs.] League League (?), n. [F.ligue, LL. liga, fr. L. ligare to bind; cf. Sp. liga. Cf. Ally a confederate, Ligature.] An alliance or combination of two or more nations, parties, or persons, for the accomplishment of a purpose which requires a continued course of action, as for mutual defense, or for furtherance of commercial, religious, or political interests, etc. And let there be 'Twixt us and them no league, nor amity. Denham. NOTE: &hand; A le ague ma y be of fensive or defensive, or both; offensive, when the parties agree to unite in attacking a common enemy; defensive, when they agree to a mutual defense of each other against an enemy. The Holy League, an alliance of Roman Catholics formed in 1576 by influence of the Duke of Guise for the exclusion of Protestants from the throne of France. -- Solemn League and Covenant. See Covenant,2. -- The land league, an association, organized in Dublin in 1879, to promote the interests of the Irish tenantry, its avowed objects being to secure fixity of tenure fair rent, and free sale of the tenants' interest. It was declared illegal by Parliament, but vigorous prosecutions have failed to suppress it. Syn. -- Alliance; confederacy; confederation; coalition; combination; compact; co\'94peration. League League (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leagued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leaguing (?).] [Cf. F. se liguer. See 2d League.] To unite in a league or confederacy; to combine for mutual support; to confederate South. League League, v. t. To join in a league; to cause to combine for a joint purpose; to combine; to unite; as, common interests will league heterogeneous elements. Leaguer Lea"guer, n. [D.leger camp, bed, couch, lair. See Lair, and cf.Beleaguer.] 1. The camp of a besieging army; a camp in general. b. Jonson. 2. A siege or beleaguering. [R.] Sir W. Scott. Leaguer Lea"guer, v. t.To besiege; to beleaguer. [Obs.] Leaguerer Lea"guer*er (?), n. A besieger. [R.] J. Webster. Leak Leak (?), n. [Akin to D. lek leaky, a leak, G.leck, Icel. lekr leaky, Dan. l\'91k leaky, a leak, Sw. l\'84ck; cf. AS. hlec full of cracks or leaky. Cf. Leak, v.] 1. A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other fluid, or lets it escape; as, a leak in a roof; a leak in a boat; a leak in a gas pipe. "One leak will sink a ship." Bunyan. 2. The entrance or escape of a fluid through a crack, fissure, or other aperture; as, the leak gained on the ship's pumps. To spring a leak, to open or crack so as to let in water; to begin to let in water; as, the ship sprung a leak. Leak Leak, a. Leaky. [Obs.] Spenser. Leak Leak, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leaking.] [Akin to D. lekken, G. lecken, lechen, Icel. leka, Dan. l\'91kke, Sw. l\'84cka, AS. leccan to wet, moisten. See Leak, n.] 1. To let water or other fluid in or out through a hole, crevice, etc.; as, the cask leaks; the roof leaks; the boat leaks. 2. To enter or escape, as a fluid, through a hole, crevice, etc. ; to pass gradually into, or out of, something; -- usually with in or out. To leak out, to be divulged gradually or clandestinely; to become public; as, the facts leaked out. Leakage Leak"age (, n. [Cf. D. lekkage, for sense 1.] 1. A leaking; also, the quantity that enters or issues by leaking. 2. (Com.) An allowance of a certain rate per cent for the leaking of casks, or waste of liquors by leaking. Leakiness Leak"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being leaky. Leaky Leak"y (?), a. [Compar. Leakier (?); superl. Leakiest.] 1. Permitting water or other fluid to leak in or out; as, a leaky roof or cask. 2. Apt to disclose secrets; tattling; not close. [Colloq.] Leal Leal (?), a. [OE. leial, another form of loial, F. loyal. See Loyal.] Faithful; loyal; true. All men true and leal, all women pure. Tennyson. Land of the leal, the place of the faithful; heaven. Leam Leam (?), n. & v. i. See Leme. [Obs.] Holland. Leam Leam, n. [See Leamer, Lien.] A cord or strap for leading a dog. Sir W. Scott. Leamer Leam"er (?), n. [F. limier, OF. liemier, fr. L. ligamen band, bandage. See Lien.] A dog held by a leam. Lean Lean (?), v. t. [Icel. leyna; akin to G. l\'84ugnen to deny, AS. l, also E. lie to speak falsely.] To conceal. [Obs.] Ray. Lean Lean (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leaned (?), sometimes Leant (p. pr. & vb. n. Leaning.] [OE. lenen, AS. hlinian, hleonian, v. i.; akin to OS. hlin\'d3n, D. leunen, OHG. hlin\'c7n, lin\'c7n, G. lehnen, L. inclinare, Gr. clivus hill, slope. &root;40. Cf. Declivity, Climax, Incline, Ladder.] 1. To incline, deviate, or bend, from a vertical position; to be in a position thus inclining or deviating; as, she leaned out at the window; a leaning column. "He leant forward." Dickens. 2. To incline in opinion or desire; to conform in conduct; -- with to, toward, etc. They delight rather to lean to their old customs. Spenser. 3. To rest or rely, for support, comfort, and the like; -- with on, upon, or against. He leaned not on his fathers but himself. Tennyson. Lean Lean, v. t. [From Lean, v. i. ; AS. hl, v. t., fr. hleonian, hlinian, v. i.] To cause to lean; to incline; to support or rest. Mrs. Browning. His fainting limbs against an oak he leant. Dryden. Lean Lean (?), a. [Compar. Leaner (?); superl. Leanest.] [OE. lene, AS. hl; prob. akin to E. lean to incline. See Lean, v. i. ] 1. Wanting flesh; destitute of or deficient in fat; not plump; meager; thin; lank; as, a lean body; a lean cattle. 2. Wanting fullness, richness, sufficiency, or productiveness; deficient in quality or contents; slender; scant; barren; bare; mean; -- used literally and figuratively; as, the lean harvest; a lean purse; a lean discourse; lean wages. "No lean wardrobe." Shak. Their lean and fiashy songs. Milton. What the land is, whether it be fat or lean. Num. xiii. 20. Out of my lean and low ability I'll lend you something. Shak. 3. (Typog.) Of a character which prevents the compositor from earning the usual wages; -- opposed to fat; as lean copy, matter, or type. Syn. -- slender; spare; thin; meager; lank; skinny; gaunt. Lean Lean (?), n. 1. That part of flesh which consist principally of muscle without the fat. The fat was so white and the lean was so ruddy. Goldsmith. 2. (Typog.) Unremunerative copy or work. Lean-faced Lean"-faced` (?), a. 1. Having a thin face. 2. (Typog.) slender or narrow; -- said of type the letters of which have thin lines, or are unusually narrow in proportion to their height. W. Savage. Leaning Lean"ing, n. The act, or state, of inclining; inclination; tendency; as, a leaning towards Calvinism. Leanly Lean"ly, adv. Meagerly; without fat or plumpness. Leanness Lean"ness, n. [AS. hl&aemac;nnes.] The condition or quality of being lean. Lean-to Lean"-to` (?), a. (Arch.) Having only one slope or pitch; -- said of a roof. -- n. A shed or slight building placed against the wall of a larger structure and having a single-pitched roof; -- called also penthouse, and to-fall.<-- a crude, usually temporary shelter comprising a lean-to roof braced against any convenient support, as a wall, a tree or a pole. The roof may extend all the way to the ground. --> The outer circuit was covered as a lean-to, all round this inner apartment. De Foe. Lean-witted Lean"-wit`ted (?), a. Having but little sense or shrewdness. Leany Lean"y (?), a. Lean. [Obs.] Spenser. Leap Leap (?), n. [AS. le\'a0p.] 1. A basket. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. A weel or wicker trap for fish. [Prov. Eng.] Leap Leap (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leaped (?), rarely Leapt; p. pr. & vb. n. Leaping.] [OE. lepen, leapen, AS. hle\'a0pan to leap, jump, run; akin to OS. \'behl, OFries. hlapa, D. loopen, G. laufen, OHG. louffan, hlauffan, Icel. hlaupa, Sw. l\'94pa, Dan. l\'94be, Goth. ushlaupan. Cf. Elope, Lope, Lapwing, Loaf to loiter.] 1. To spring clear of the ground, with the feet; to jump; to vault; as, a man leaps over a fence, or leaps upon a horse. Bacon. Leap in with me into this angry flood. Shak. 2. To spring or move suddenly, as by a jump or by jumps; to bound; to move swiftly. Also Fig. My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky. Wordsworth. Leap Leap, v. t. 1. To pass over by a leap or jump; as, to leap a wall, or a ditch. 2. To copulate with (a female beast); to cover. 3. To cause to leap; as, to leap a horse across a ditch. Leap Leap, n. 1. The act of leaping, or the space passed by leaping; a jump; a spring; a bound. Wickedness comes on by degrees, . . . and sudden leaps from one extreme to another are unnatural. L'Estrange. Changes of tone may proceed either by leaps or glides. H. Sweet. 2. Copulation with, or coverture of, a female beast. 3. (Mining) A fault. 4. (Mus.) A passing from one note to another by an interval, especially by a long one, or by one including several other and intermediate intervals. Leaper Leap"er (?), n. [AS. hle\'a0pere.] One who, or that which, leaps. Leaper Leap"er, n. [See 1st Leap.] A kind of hooked instrument for untwisting old cordage. Leapfrog Leap"frog` (?), n. A play among boys, in which one stoops down and another leaps over him by placing his hands on the shoulders of the former. Leapful Leap"ful (?), n. [See 1st Leap.] A basketful. [Obs.] Leaping Leap"ing, a. & n. from Leap, to jump. Leaping house, a brothel. [Obs.] Shak. -- Leaping pole, a pole used in some games of leaping. -- Leaping spider (Zo\'94l.), a jumping spider; one of the Saltigrad\'91. Leapingly Leap"ing*ly, adv. By leaps. Leap year Leap" year` (?). Bissextile; a year containing 366 days; every fourth year which leaps over a day more than a common year, giving to February twenty-nine days. See Bissextile. NOTE: &hand; Every year whose number is divisible by four without a remainder is a leap year, excepting the full centuries, which, to be leap years, must be divisible by 400 without a remainder. If not so divisible they are common years. 1900, therefore, is not a leap year. Lear Lear (?), v. t. To learn. See Lere, to learn. [Obs.] Lear Lear, n. Lore; lesson. [Obs.] Spenser. Lear Lear, a. See Leer, a. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Lear Lear, n. An annealing oven. See Leer, n. Learn Learn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Learned (?), or Learnt (p. pr. & vb. n. Learning.] [OE. lernen, leornen, AS. leornian; akin to OS. lin\'d3n, for lirn\'d3n, OHG. lirn\'c7n, lern\'c7n, G. lernen, fr. the root of AS. l to teach, OS. l\'c7rian, OHG.l\'c7ran, G. lehren, Goth. laisjan, also Goth lais I know, leis acquainted (in comp.); all prob. from a root meaning, to go, go over, and hence, to learn; cf. AS. leoran to go . Cf. Last a mold of the foot, lore.] 1. To gain knowledge or information of; to ascertain by inquiry, study, or investigation; to receive instruction concerning; to fix in the mind; to acquire understanding of, or skill; as, to learn the way; to learn a lesson; to learn dancing; to learn to skate; to learn the violin; to learn the truth about something. "Learn to do well." Is. i. 17. Now learn a parable of the fig tree. Matt. xxiv. 32. 2. To communicate knowledge to; to teach. [Obs.] Hast thou not learned me how To make perfumes ? Shak. NOTE: &hand; Le arn fo rmerly ha d al so th e se nse of te ach, in accordance with the analogy of the French and other languages, and hence we find it with this sense in Shakespeare, Spenser, and other old writers. This usage has now passed away. To learn is to receive instruction, and to teach is to give instruction. He who is taught learns, not he who teaches. Learn Learn, v. i. To acquire knowledge or skill; to make progress in acquiring knowledge or skill; to receive information or instruction; as, this child learns quickly. Take my yoke upon you and learn of me. Matt. xi. 29. To learn by heart. See By heart, under Heart. -- To learn by rote, to memorize by repetition without exercise of the understanding. _________________________________________________________________ Page 839 Learnable Learn"a*ble (?), a. Such as can be learned. Learned Learn"ed (?), a. Of or pertaining to learning; possessing, or characterized by, learning, esp. scholastic learning; erudite; well-informed; as, a learned scholar, writer, or lawyer; a learned book; a learned theory. The learnedlover lost no time. Spenser. Men of much reading are greatly learned, but may be little knowing. Locke. Words of learned length and thundering sound. Goldsmith. The learned, learned men; men of erudition; scholars. -- Learn"ed*ly, adv. Learn"ed*ness, n. Every coxcomb swears as learnedly as they. Swift. Learner Learn"er (?), n. One who learns; a scholar. Learning Learn"ing, n. [AS. leornung.] 1. The acquisition of knowledge or skill; as, the learning of languages; the learning of telegraphy. 2. The knowledge or skill received by instruction or study; acquired knowledge or ideas in any branch of science or literature; erudition; literature; science; as, he is a man of great learning. Book learning. See under Book. Syn. -- Literature; erudition; lore; scholarship; science; letters. See Literature. Leasable Leas"a*ble (?), a. [From 2d Lease.] Such as can be leased. Lease Lease (?), v. i. [AS. lesan to gather; akin to D. lezen to gather, read, G. lesen, Goth. lisan to gather; cf. Lith lesti to peck.] To gather what harvesters have left behind; to glean. [Obs.] Dryden. Lease Lease (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leasing.] [F.laisser, OF. laissier, lessier, to leave, transmit, L. laxare to loose, slacken, from laxus loose, wide. See Lax, and cf. Lesser.] 1. To grant to another by lease the possession of, as of lands, tenements, and hereditaments; to let; to demise; as, a landowner leases a farm to a tenant; -- sometimes with out. There were some [houses] that were leased out for three lives. Addison. 2. To hold under a lease; to take lease of; as, a tenant leases his land from the owner. Lease Lease (?), n. [Cf. OF. lais. See Lease, v. t.] 1. A demise or letting of lands, tenements, or hereditaments to another for life, for a term of years, or at will, or for any less interest than that which the lessor has in the property, usually for a specified rent or compensation. 2. The contract for such letting. 3. Any tenure by grant or permission; the time for which such a tenure holds good; allotted time. Our high-placed Macbeth Shall live the lease of nature. Shak. Lease and release a mode of conveyance of freehold estates, formerly common in England and in New York. its place is now supplied by a simple deed of grant. Burrill. Warren's Blackstone. Leasehold Lease"hold` (?), a. Held by lease. Leasehold Lease"hold`, n. A tenure by lease; specifically, land held as personalty under a lease for years. Leaseholder Lease"hold`er (?), n. A tenant under a lease. -- Lease"hold`ing, a. & n. Leaser Leas"er (?), n. [From 1st Lease.] One who leases or gleans. [Obs.] Swift. Leaser Leas"er, n. A liar. [Obs.] See Leasing. Leash Leash (?), n. [OE. lese, lees, leece, OF. lesse, F. laisse, LL.laxa, fr. L. laxus loose. See Lax.] 1. A thong of leather, or a long cord, by which a falconer holds his hawk, or a courser his dog. Even like a fawning greyhound in the leash. Shak. 2. (Sporting) A brace and a half; a tierce; three; three creatures of any kind, especially greyhounds, foxes, bucks, and hares; hence, the number three in general. [I] kept my chamber a leash of days. B. Jonson. Then were I wealthier than a leash of kings. Tennyson. 3. (Weaving) A string with a loop at the end for lifting warp threads, in a loom. Leash Leash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leashing.] To tie together, or hold, with a leash. Leasing Leas"ing (?), n. [AS. le\'a0sung, fr. le\'a0s loose, false, deceitful. See -less, Loose, a.] The act of lying; falsehood; a lie or lies. [Archaic] Spenser. Thou shalt destroy them that speak leasing. Ps. v. 6. Blessed be the lips that such a leasing told. Fairfax. Leasing making (Scots Law), the uttering of lies or libels upon the personal character of the sovereign, his court, or his family. Bp. Burnet. Leasow Lea"sow (?), n. [AS. lesu, l\'91su.] A pasture. [Obs.] Least Least (?), a. [OE. last, lest, AS. l, l, superl. of l less. See Less, a.] [Used as the superlative of little.] Smallest, either in size or degree; shortest; lowest; most unimportant; as, the least insect; the least mercy; the least space. NOTE: &hand; Least is often used with the, as if a noun. I am the least of the apostles. 1 Cor. xv. 9. At least, OR At the least, at the least estimate, consideration, chance, etc.; hence, at any rate; at all events; even. See However. He who tempts, though in vain, at least asperses The tempted with dishonor. Milton. Upon the mast they saw a young man, at least if he were a man, who sat as on horseback. Sir P. Sidney. -- In least, OR In the least, in the least degree, manner, etc. "He that is unjust in the least is unjust also in much." Luke xvi. 10. -- Least squares (Math.), a method of deducing from a number of carefully made yet slightly discordant observations of a phenomenon the most probable values of the unknown quantities. NOTE: It ta kes as its fundamental principle that the most probable values are those which make the sum of the squares of the residual errors of the observation a minimum. Least Least, adv. In the smallest or lowest degree; in a degree below all others; as, to reward those who least deserve it. Least Least, conj. See Lest, conj. [Obs.] Spenser. Leastways, Leastwise Least"ways` (?), Least"wise` (?), adv. At least; at all events. [Colloq.] At leastways, OR At leastwise, at least. [Obs.] Fuller. Leasy Lea"sy (?), a. [AS. le\'a0s void, loose, false. Cf. Leasing.] Flimsy; vague; deceptive. [Obs.] Ascham. Leat Leat (?), n. [Cf. Lead to conduct.] An artificial water trench, esp. one to or from a mill. C. Kingsley. Leather Leath"er (?), n. [OE. lether, AS. le; akin to D. leder, le\'88r, G. leder, OHG. ledar, Icel. le, Sw. l\'84der, Dan. l\'91der.] 1. The skin of an animal, or some part of such skin, tanned, tawed, or otherwise dressed for use; also, dressed hides, collectively. 2. The skin. [Ironical or Sportive] NOTE: &hand; Le ather is much used adjectively in the sense of made of, relating to, or like, leather. Leather board, an imitation of sole leather, made of leather scraps, rags, paper, etc. -- Leather carp (Zo\'94l.) , a variety of carp in which the scales are all, or nearly all, absent. See Illust. under Carp. -- Leather jacket. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A California carangoid fish (Oligoplites saurus). (b) A trigger fish (Balistes Carolinensis). -- Leather flower (Bot.), a climbing plant (Clematis Viorna) of the Middle and Southern States having thick, leathery sepals of a purplish color. -- Leather leaf (Bot.), a low shrub (Cassandra calyculata), growing in Northern swamps, and having evergreen, coriaceous, scurfy leaves. -- Leather plant (Bot.), one or more New Zealand plants of the composite genus Celmisia, which have white or buff tomentose leaves. -- Leather turtle. (Zo\'94l.) See Leatherback. -- Vegetable leather. (a) An imitation of leather made of cotton waste. (b) Linen cloth coated with India rubber. Ure. Leather Leath"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leathered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leathering.] To beat, as with a thong of leather. [Obs. or Colloq.] G. Eliot. Leatherback Leath"er*back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large sea turtle (Sphargis coriacea), having no bony shell on its back. It is common in the warm and temperate parts of the Atlantic, and sometimes weighs over a thousand pounds; -- called also leather turtle, leathery turtle, leather-backed tortoise, etc. Leatheret, Leatherette Leath"er*et (?), Leath`er*ette" (?), n. [Leather + et, F. -ette.] An imitation of leather, made of paper and cloth. Leatherhead Leath"er*head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The friar bird. Leathern Leath"ern (?), a. Made of leather; consisting of. leather; as, a leathern purse. "A leathern girdle about his loins." Matt. iii. 4. Leatherneck Leath"er*neck` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sordid friar bird of Australia (Tropidorhynchus sordidus). Leatherwood Leath"er*wood`, n. (Bot.) A small branching shrub (Dirca palustris), with a white, soft wood, and a tough, leathery bark, common in damp woods in the Northern United States; -- called also moosewood, and wicopy. Gray. Leathery Leath"er*y (?), a. Resembling leather in appearance or consistence; tough. "A leathery skin." Grew. Leave Leave (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leaved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leaving] To send out leaves; to leaf; -- often with out. G. Fletcher. Leave Leave, v. t. [See Levy.] To raise; to levy. [Obs.] An army strong she leaved. Spenser. Leave Leave, n. [OE. leve, leave, AS. le\'a0f; akin to le\'a2f pleasing, dear, E. lief, D. oorlof leave, G. arlaub, and erlauben to permit, Icel. leyfi. Lief.] 1. Liberty granted by which restraint or illegality is removed; permission; allowance; license. David earnestly asked leave of me. 1 Sam. xx. 6. No friend has leave to bear away the dead. Dryden. 2. The act of leaving or departing; a formal parting; a leaving; farewell; adieu; -- used chiefly in the phrase, to take leave, i. e., literally, to take permission to go. A double blessing is a'double grace; Occasion smiles upon a second leave. Shak. And Paul after this tarried there yet a good while, and then took his leave of the brethren. Acts xviii. 18. French leave. See under French. Syn. -- See Liberty. Leave Leave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Left (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leaving.] [OE. leven, AS. l, fr. l\'bef remnant, heritage; akin to lifian, libban, to live, orig., to remain; cf. bel\'c6fan to remain, G. bleiben, Goth. bileiban. Live, v.] 1. To withdraw one's self from; to go away from; to depart from; as, to leave the house. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife. Gen. ii. 24. 2. To let remain unremoved or undone; to let stay or continue, in distinction from what is removed or changed. If grape gatherers come to thee, would they not leave some gleaning grapes ? Jer. xlix. 9. These ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone. Matt. xxiii. 23. Besides it leaveth a suspicion, as if more might be said than is expressed. Bacon. 3. To cease from; to desist from; to abstain from. Now leave complaining and begin your tea. Pope. 4. To desert; to abandon; to forsake; hence, to give up; to relinquish. Lo, we have left all, and have followed thee. Mark x. 28. The heresies that men do leave. Shak. 5. To let be or do without interference; as, I left him to his reflections; I leave my hearers to judge. I will leave you now to your gossiplike humor. Shak. 6. To put; to place; to deposit; to deliver; to commit; to submit -- with a sense of withdrawing one's self from; as, leave your hat in the hall; we left our cards; to leave the matter to arbitrators. Leave there thy gift before the altar and go thy way. Matt. v. 24. The foot That leaves the print of blood where'er it walks. Shak. 7. To have remaining at death; hence, to bequeath; as, he left a large estate; he left a good name; he left a legacy to his niece. To leave alone. (a) To leave in solitude. (b) To desist or refrain from having to do with; as, to leave dangerous chemicals alone. -- To leave off. (a) To desist from; to forbear; to stop; as, to leave off work at six o'clock. (b) To cease wearing or using; to omit to put in the usual position; as, to leave off a garment; to leave off the tablecloth. (c) To forsake; as, to leave off a bad habit. -- To leave out, to omit; as, to leave out a word or name in writing. -- To leave to one's self, to let (one) be alone; to cease caring for (one). Syn>- To quit; depart from; forsake; abandon; relinquish; deliver; bequeath; give up; forego; resign; surrender; forbear. See Quit. Leave Leave (?), v. i. 1. To depart; to set out. [Colloq.] By the time I left for Scotland. Carlyle. 2. To cease; to desist; to leave off. "He . . . began at the eldest, and left at the youngest." Gen. xliv. 12. To leave off, to cease; to desist; to stop. Leave off, and for another summons wait. Roscommon. Leaved Leaved (?), a. [From Leaf.] Bearing, or having, a leaf or leaves; having folds; -- used in combination; as, a four-leaved clover; a two-leaved gate; long-leaved. Leaveless Leave"less (?), a. Leafless. [Obs.] Carew. Leaven Leav"en (?), n. [OE. levain, levein, F. levain, L. levamen alleviation, mitigation; but taken in the sense of, a raising, that which raises, fr. levare to raise. See Lever, n.] 1. Any substance that produces, or is designed to produce, fermentation, as in dough or liquids; esp., a portion of fermenting dough, which, mixed with a larger quantity of dough, produces a general change in the mass, and renders it light; yeast; barm. 2. Anything which makes a general assimilating (especially a corrupting) change in the mass. Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. Luke xii. 1. Leaven Leav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leavened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leavening (?).] 1. To make light by the action of leaven; to cause to ferment. A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. 1 Cor. v. 6. 2. To imbue; to infect; to vitiate. With these and the like deceivable doctrines, he leavens also his prayer. Milton. Leavening Leav"en*ing (?), n. 1. The act of making light, or causing to ferment, by means of leaven. 2. That which leavens or makes light. Bacon. Leavenous Leav"en*ous (?), a. Containing leaven. Milton. Leaver Leav"er (?), n. One who leaves, or withdraws. Leaves Leaves (?), n., pl. of Leaf. Leave-taking Leave"-tak`ing (?), n. Taking of leave; parting compliments. Shak. Leaviness Leav"i*ness (?), n. [Fr. Leaf.] Leafiness.[Obs.] Leavings Leav"ings, n. pl. 1. Things left; remnants; relics. 2. Refuse; offal. Leavy Leav"y (?), a. Leafy. [Obs.] Chapman. Leban, Lebban Leb"an, Leb"ban (?), n. Coagulated sour milk diluted with water; -- a common beverage among the Arabs. Also, a fermented liquor made of the same. Lecama Le*ca"ma (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The hartbeest. Lecanomancy Le*can"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] divination practiced with water in a basin, by throwing three stones into it, and invoking the demon whose aid was sought. Lecanoric Lec`a*no"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid which is obtained from several varieties of lichen (Lecanora, Roccella, etc.), as a white, crystalline substance, and is called also orsellic, OR diorsellinic acid, lecanorin, etc. Lecanorin Lec`a*no"rin (?), n. (Chem.) See Lecanoric. Lech Lech (?), v. t. [F. l\'82cher. See Lick.] To lick. [Obs.] Leche Le*che" (?), n. See water buck, under 3d Buck. Lecher Lech"er (?), n. [OE.lechur, lechour, OF.lecheor, lecheur, gormand, glutton, libertine, parasite, fr. lechier to lick, F. l\'82cher; of Teutonic origin. See Lick.] A man given to lewdness; one addicted, in an excessive degree, to the indulgence of sexual desire, or to illicit commerce with women. Lecher Lech"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lechered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lechering.] To practice lewdness. Lecherer Lech"er*er (?), n. See Lecher, n. Marston. Lecherous Lech"er*ous (?), a. Like a lecher; addicted to lewdness; lustful; also, lust-provoking. "A lecherous thing is wine." Chaucer. -- Lech"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Lech"er*ous*ness, n. Lechery Lech"er*y (?), n. [OE. lecherie, OF. lecherie. See Lecher.] 1. Free indulgence of lust; lewdness. 2. Selfish pleasure; delight. [Obs.] Massinger. Lecithin Lec"i*thin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A complex, nitrogenous phosphorized substance widely distributed through the animal body, and especially conspicuous in the brain and nerve tissue, in yolk of eggs, and in the white blood corpuscles. lectern lec"tern (?), n. See Lecturn. Lectica Lec*ti"ca (?), n.; pl. Lectic\'91 (#). [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) A kind of litter or portable couch. Lection Lec"tion (?), n. [L. lectio, fr. legere, lectum, to read. See lesson, Legend.] 1. (Eccl.) A lesson or selection, esp. of Scripture, read in divine service. 2. A reading; a variation in the text. We ourselves are offended by the obtrusion of the new lections into the text. De Quincey. Lectionary Lec"tion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (#). [LL. lectionarium, lectionarius : cf. F. lectionnaire.] (Eccl.) A book, or a list, of lections, for reading in divine service. _________________________________________________________________ Page 840 Lector Lec"tor (?), n. [L. See Lection.] (Eccl.) A reader of lections; formerly, a person designated to read lessons to the illiterate. Lectual Lec"tu*al (?), a. [LL. lectualis, fr. L. lectus bed.] (Med.) Confining to the bed; as, a lectual disease. Lecture Lec"ture (?), n. [F. lecture, LL. lectura, fr. L. legere, lectum, to read. See Legend.] 1. The act of reading; as, the lecture of Holy Scripture. [Obs.] 2. A discourse on any subject; especially, a formal or methodical discourse, intended for instruction; sometimes, a familiar discourse, in contrast with a sermon. 3. A reprimand or formal reproof from one having authority. 4. (Eng. Universities) A rehearsal of a lesson. Lecture Lec"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lectured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lecturing.] 1. To read or deliver a lecture to. 2. To reprove formally and with authority. Lecture Lec"ture, v. i. To deliver a lecture or lectures. Lecturer Lec"tur*er (?), n. One who lectures; an assistant preacher. Lectureship Lec"ture*ship, n. The office of a lecturer. Lecturn Lec"turn (?), n. [LL. lectrinum, fr. lectrum; cf. L. legere, lectum, to read.] A choir desk, or reading desk, in some churches, from which the lections, or Scripture lessons, are chanted or read; hence, a reading desk. [Written also lectern and lettern]. Fairholt. Lecythis Lec"y*this (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 3 an oil flask.] (Bot.) A genus of gigantic trees, chiefly Brazilian, of the order Myrtace\'91, having woody capsules opening by an apical lid. Lecythis Zabucajo yields the delicious sapucaia nuts. L. Ollaria produces the monkey-pots, its capsules. Its bark separates into thin sheets, like paper, used by the natives for cigarette wrappers. Led Led (?), imp. & p. p. of Lead. Led captain. An obsequious follower or attendant. [Obs.] Swift. -- Led horse, a sumpter horse, or a spare horse, that is led along. Leden, Ledden Led"en (?), Led"den (?) n. [AS. l, l, language, speech. Cf. Leod.] Language; speech; voice; cry. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Ledge Ledge (?), n. [Akin to AS. licgan to lie, Icel. liggja; cf. Icel. l\'94gg the ledge or rim at the bottom of a cask. See Lie to be prostrate.] [Formerly written lidge.] 1. A shelf on which articles may be laid; also, that which resembles such a shelf in form or use, as a projecting ridge or part, or a molding or edge in joinery. 2. A shelf, ridge, or reef, of rocks. 3. A layer or stratum. The lowest ledge or row should be of stone. Sir H. Wotton. 4. (Mining) A lode; a limited mass of rock bearing valuable mineral. 5. (Shipbuilding) A piece of timber to support the deck, placed athwartship between beams. Ledgement Ledge"ment (?), n. See Ledgment. Ledger Ledg"er, n. [Akin to D. legger layer, daybook (fr. leggen to lay, liggen to lie), E. ledge, lie. See Lie to be prostrate.] 1. A book in which a summary of accounts is laid up or preserved; the final book of record in business transactions, in which all debits and credits from the journal, etc., are placed under appropriate heads. [Written also leger.] 2. (Arch.) (a) A large flat stone, esp. one laid over a tomb. Oxf. Gloss. (b) A horizontal piece of timber secured to the uprights and supporting floor timbers, a staircase, scaffolding, or the like. It differs from an intertie in being intended to carry weight. [Written also ligger.] Ledger bait, fishing bait attached to a floating line fastened to the bank of a stream, pond, etc. Walton. J. H. Walsh. -- Ledger line. See Leger line, under 3d Leger, a. -- Ledger wall (Mining), the wall under a vein; the foot wall. Raymond. Ledgment Ledg"ment (?), n. (Arch.) (a) A string-course or horizontal suit of moldings, such as the base moldings of a building. Oxf. Gloss. (b) The development of the surface of a body on a plane, so that the dimensions of the different sides may be easily ascertained. Gwilt. [Written also ledgement, legement, and ligement.] Ledgy Ledg"y (?), a. Abounding in ledges; consisting of a ledge or reef; as, a ledgy island. Lee Lee (?), v, i, To lie; to speak falsely. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lee Lee, n.; pl. Lees (#). [F. lie, perh. fr. L. levare to lift up, raise. Cf. Lever.] That which settles at the bottom, as, of a cask of liquor (esp. wine); sediment; dregs; -- used now only in the plural. [Lees occurs also as a form of the singular.] "The lees of wine." Holland. A thousand demons lurk within the lee. Young. The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees Is left this vault to brag of. Shak. Lee Lee, n. [OE. lee shelter, Icel. hl, akin to AS. hle\'a2, hle\'a2w, shelter, protection, OS. hl\'8ao, D. lij lee, Sw. l\'84, Dan. l\'91.] 1. A sheltered place; esp., a place; protected from the wind by some object; the side sheltered from the wind; shelter; protection; as, the lee of a mountain, an island, or a ship. We lurked under lee. Morte d'Arthure. Desiring me to take shelter in his lee. Tyndall. 2. (Naut.) That part of the hemisphere, as one stands on shipboard, toward which the wind blows. See Lee, a. By the lee, To bring by the lee. See under By, and Bring. -- Under the lee of, on that side which is sheltered from the wind; as, to be under the lee of a ship. Lee Lee, a. (Naut.) Of or pertaining to the part or side opposite to that against which the wind blows; -- opposed to weather; as, the lee side or lee rail of a vessel. Lee gauge. See Gauge, n. (Naut.) -- Lee shore, the shore on the lee side of a vessel. -- Lee tide, a tide running in the same direction that the wind blows. -- On the lee beam, directly to the leeward; in a line at right angles to the length of the vessel and to the leeward. Leeboard Lee"board` (?), n. A board, or frame of planks, lowered over the side of a vessel to lessen her leeway when closehauled, by giving her greater draught. Leech Leech (?), n. See 2d Leach. Leech Leech, v. t. See Leach, v. t. Leech Leech, n. [Cf. LG. leik, Icel. l\'c6k, Sw. lik boltrope, stliken the leeches.] (Naut.) The border or edge at the side of a sail. [Written also leach.] Leech line, a line attached to the leech ropes of sails, passing up through blocks on the yards, to haul the leeches by. Totten. -- Leech rope, that part of the boltrope to which the side of a sail is sewed. Leech Leech, n. [OE. leche, l\'91che, physician, AS. l; akin to Fries. l, OHG. l\'behh\'c6, Icel. l\'91knari, Sw. l\'84kare, Dan. l\'91ge, Goth. l, AS. l\'becnian to heal, Sw. l\'84ka, Dan.l\'91ge, Icel. l\'91kna, Goth. l.] 1. physician or surgeon; a professor of the art of healing. [Written also leach.] [Archaic] Spenser. Leech, heal thyself. Wyclif (Luke iv. 23). 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous genera and species of annulose worms, belonging to the order Hirudinea, or Bdelloidea, esp. those species <-- formerly! -->used in medicine, as Hirudo medicinalis of Europe, and allied species. NOTE: &hand; In th e mo uth of bl oodsucking le eches ar e th ree convergent, serrated jaws, moved by strong muscles. By the motion of these jaws a stellate incision is made in the skin, through which the leech sucks blood till it is gorged, and then drops off. The stomach has large pouches on each side to hold the blood. The common large bloodsucking leech of America (Macrobdella decora) is dark olive above, and red below, with black spots. Many kinds of leeches are parasitic on fishes; others feed upon worms and mollusks, and have no jaws for drawing blood. See Bdelloidea. Hirudinea, and Clepsine. 3. (Surg.) A glass tube of peculiar construction, adapted for drawing blood from a scarified part by means of a vacuum. Horse leech, a less powerful European leech (H\'91mopis vorax), commonly attacking the membrane that lines the inside of the mouth and nostrils of animals that drink at pools where it lives. Leech Leech, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leeched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leeching.] 1. To treat as a surgeon; to doctor; as, to leech wounds. [Archaic] 2. To bleed by the use of leeches. Leechcraft Leech"craft` (?), n. The art of healing; skill of a physician. [Archaic] Chaucer. Leed, Leede Leed, Leede (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A caldron; a copper kettle. [Obs.] "A furnace of a leed." Chaucer. Leef Leef (?), a. & adv. See Lief. [Obs.] Chaucer. Leek Leek (?), n. [AS.le\'a0c; akin to D. look, G. lauch, OHG. louh, Icel. laukr, Sw. l\'94k, Dan l\'94g. Cf. Garlic.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Allium (A. Porrum), having broadly linear succulent leaves rising from a loose oblong cylindrical bulb. The flavor is stronger than that of the common onion. Wild leek , in America, a plant (Allium tricoccum) with a cluster of ovoid bulbs and large oblong elliptical leaves. Leeme Leeme (?), v. & n. See Leme. [Obs.] Chaucer. Leep Leep (?), obs. strong imp. of Leap. leaped. Leer Leer (?), v. t. To learn. [Obs.] See Lere, to learn. Leer Leer, a. [OE. lere; akin to G. leer, OHG. & OS. l\'beri.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Empty; destitute; wanting; as: (a) Empty of contents. "A leer stomach." Gifford. (b) Destitute of a rider; and hence, led, not ridden; as, a leer horse. B. Jonson. (c) Wanting sense or seriousness; trifling; trivolous; as, leer words. Leer Leer, n. An oven in which glassware is annealed. Leer Leer, n. [OE.lere cheek, face, look, AS. hle\'a2r cheek, face; akin to OS. hlear, hlior, OD. lier, Icel. hl.] 1. The cheek. [Obs.] Holinshed. 2. complexion; aspect; appearance. [Obs.] A Rosalind of a better leer than you. Shak. 3. A distorted expression of the face, or an indirect glance of the eye, conveying a sinister or immodest suggestion. With jealous leer malign Eyed them askance. Milton. She gives the leer of invitation. Shak. Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer. Pope. Leer Leer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Leered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Leering.] To look with a leer; to look askance with a suggestive expression, as of hatred, contempt, lust, etc. ; to cast a sidelong lustful or malign look. I will leer him as a'comes by. Shak. The priest, above his book, Leering at his neighbor's wife. Tennyson. Leer Leer, v. t. To entice with a leer, or leers; as, to leer a man to ruin. Dryden. Leere Leere (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] Tape or braid; an ornament. Halliwell. Leere side, the left side, as that on which a leere or ornament was worn. B. Jonson. Leeringly Leer"ing*ly, adv. In a leering manner. Lees Lees (?), n. pl. Dregs. See 2d Lee. Lees Lees (?), n. A leash. [Obs.] Chaucer. Leese Leese (?), v. t. [See Lose.] To lose. [Obs.] They would rather leese their friend than their jest. Lord Burleigh. Leese Leese, v. t. [Cf. f. l\'82ser, L.laesus, p. p. of laedere.] To hurt. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Leet Leet (?), obs. imp. of Let, to allow. Chaucer. Leet Leet n. [Cf. AS. hl share, lot.] A portion; a list, esp. a list of candidates for an office. [Scot.] Leet Leet, n. [LL.leta. Cf. F. lit de justice a solemn sitting of the king in Parliament, L. lis, litis, a lawsuit, It., Sp., & Pg. lite.] (Eng. Hist.) A court-leet; the district within the jurisdiction of a court-leet; the day on which a court-leet is held. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Th e original intent of the court-leet was to view the frankpledges or freemen within the liberty; hence called the view of frankpledge. Latterly it has fallen into almost entire disuse. Burrill. Warren's Blackstone. Leet ale, a feast or merrymaking in time of leet. [Obs.] Leet Leet, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European pollock. Leetman Leet"man (?), n.; pl. Leetmen (. One subject to the jurisdiction of a court-leet. Leeward Lee"ward (?), a. (Naut.) Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the part or side toward which the wind blows; -- opposed to windward; as, a leeward berth; a leeward ship. -- n. The lee side; the lee. -- adv. Toward the lee. Leeway Lee"way` (?), n. (Naut.) The lateral movement of a ship to the leeward of her course; drift. Left Left (?), imp. & p. p. of Leave. Left Left, a. [OE. left, lift, luft; akin to Fries. leeft, OD.lucht, luft; cf. AS.left (equiv. to L. inanis), lyft\'bedl palsy; or cf. AS.l weak.] Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which the muscular action of the limbs is usually weaker than on the other side; -- opposed to right, when used in reference to a part of the body; as, the left ear. Also said of the corresponding side of the lower animals. Left bank of a river, that which is on the left hand of a person whose face is turned downstream. -- Left bower. See under 2d Bower. -- Left center, the members whose sympathies are, in the main, with the members of the Left, but who do not favor extreme courses, and on occasions vote with the government. They sit between the Center and the extreme Left. -- Over the left shoulder, OR Over the left, an old but still current colloquialism, or slang expression, used as an aside to indicate insincerity, negation, or disbelief; as, he said it, and it is true, -- over the left. Left Left, n. 1. that part of surrounding space toward which the left side of one's body is turned; as, the house is on the left when you face North. Put that rose a little more to the left. Ld. Lytton. 2. those members of a legislative assembly (as in France) who are in the opposition; the advanced republicans and extreme radicals. They have their seats at the left-hand side of the presiding officer. See Center, and Right.<-- now used of any group advocating a leftist policy -- which is variously interpeted, as meaning "radical", "liberal", "reformist", "anti-establishment" "advocating change in the name of greater freedom or well-being of the common man[MW10]" -- opposed to rightist, and in the "liberal" interpretation, opposed to "conservative". --> Left-hand Left"-hand` (?), a. Situated on the left; nearer the left hand than the right; as, the left-hand side; the left-hand road. Left-hand rope, rope laid up and twisted over from right to left, or against the sun; -- called also water-laid rope. Left-handed Left"-hand`ed, a. 1. Having the left hand or arm stronger and more dexterous than the right; using the left hand and arm with more dexterity than the right. 2. Clumsy; awkward; unlucky; insincere; sinister; malicious; as, a left-handed compliment. The commendations of this people are not always left-handed and detractive. Landor. 3. Having a direction contrary to that of the hands of a watch when seen in front; -- said of a twist, a rotary motion, etc., looked at from a given direction. Left-handed marriage, a morganatic marriage. See Morganatic. -- Left-handed screw, a screw constructed to advance away from the observer, when turned, as in a nut, with a left-handed rotation. An ordinary wood screw is right-handed. Left-handedness, Left-handiness Left"-hand`ed*ness, Left"-hand`i*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being left-handed; awkwardness. An awkward address, ungraceful attitudes and actions, and a certain left-handiness (if I may use the expression) proclaim low education. Chesterfield. Left-off Left"-off" (?), a. Laid a side; cast-off. Leftward Left"ward (?), adv. Toward or on the left side. Rightward and leftward rise the rocks. Southey. Leful Le"ful (?), a. See Leveful. [Obs.] Chaucer. Leg Leg (?), n. [Icel. leggr; akin to Dan. l\'91g calf of the leg, Sw. l\'84gg.] 1. A limb or member of an animal used for supporting the body, and in running, climbing, and swimming; esp., that part of the limb between the knee and foot. 2. That which resembles a leg in form or use; especially, any long and slender support on which any object rests; as, the leg of a table; the leg of pair of compasses or dividers. 3. The part of any article of clothing which covers the leg; as, the leg of a stocking or of a pair of trousers. 4. A bow, esp. in the phrase to make a leg; probably from drawing the leg backward in bowing. [Obs.] He that will give a cap and make a leg in thanks for a favor he never received. Fuller. 5. A disreputable sporting character; a blackleg. [Slang, Eng.] 6. (Naut.) The course and distance made by a vessel on one tack or between tacks. 7. (Steam Boiler) An extension of the boiler downward, in the form of a narrow space between vertical plates, sometimes nearly surrounding the furnace and ash pit, and serving to support the boiler; -- called also water leg. 8. (Grain Elevator) The case containing the lower part of the belt which carries the buckets. 9. (Cricket) A fielder whose position is on the outside, a little in rear of the batter. A good leg (Naut.), a course sailed on a tack which is near the desired course. -- Leg bail, escape from custody by flight. [Slang] -- Legs of an hyperbola (or other curve) (Geom.), the branches of the curve which extend outward indefinitely. -- Legs of a triangle, the sides of a triangle; -- a name seldom used unless one of the sides is first distinguished by some appropriate term; as, the hypothenuse and two legs of a right-angled triangle. On one's legs, standing to speak. -- One's last legs. See under Last. -- To have legs (Naut.), to have speed.<-- also, to have endurance, to continue longer than usual, --> -- To stand on one's own legs, to support one's self; to be independent. _________________________________________________________________ Page 841 Leg Leg (?), v. t. To use as a leg, with it as object: (a) To bow. [Obs.] (b) To run [Low] Legacy Leg"a*cy (?), n.; pl.Legacies (#). [L. (assumed) legatia, for legatum, from legare to appoint by last will, to bequeath as a legacy, to depute: cf. OF. legat legacy. See Legate.] 1. A gift of property by will, esp. of money or personal property; a bequest. Also Fig.; as, a legacy of dishonor or disease. 2. A business with which one is intrusted by another; a commission; -- obsolete, except in the phrases last legacy, dying legacy, and the like. My legacy and message wherefore I am sent into the world. Tyndale. He came and told his legacy. Chapman. Legacy duty, a tax paid to government on legacies. Wharton. -- Legacy hunter, one who flatters and courts any one for the sake of a legacy.<-- related to gold-digger (latter for any riches, not just a legacy) --> Legal Le"gal (?), a. [L. legalis, fr. lex, legis, law; prob. orig., that which lies or is fixed (cf. L. lectus bed), and if so akin to E. lie, law: cf. F. l\'82gal. Cf. Lie to be prostrate, Loyal, Leal.] 1. Created by, permitted by, in conformity with, or relating to, law; as, a legal obligation; a legal standard or test; a legal procedure; a legal claim; a legal trade; anything is legal which the laws do not forbid. 2. (Theol.) (a) According to the law of works, as distinguished from free grace; or resting on works for salvation. (b) According to the old or Mosaic dispensation; in accordance with the law of Moses 3. (Law) Governed by the rules of law as distinguished from the rules of equity; as, legal estate; legal assets. Bouvier. Burrill. Legal cap. See under Cap. -- Legal tender. (a) The act of tendering in the performance of a contract or satisfaction of a claim that which the law prescribes or permits, and at such time and place as the law prescribes or permits. (b) That currency, or money, which the law authorizes a debtor to tender and requires a creditor to receive. It differs in different countries. Syn. -- Lawful; constitutional; legitimate; licit; authorized. See Lawful. Legalism Le"gal*ism (?), n. Strictness, or the doctrine of strictness, in conforming to law. Legalist Le"gal*ist, n. One who practices or advocates strict conformity to law; in theology, one who holds to the law of works. See Legal, 2 (a). Legality Le*gal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. LL. legalitas, F. l\'82galit\'82. Cf. Loyalty.] 1. The state or quality of being letter of the law. Legalization Le`gal*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of making legal. Legalize Le"gal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Legalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Legalizing (?).] [Cf. F. l\'82galiser.] 1. To make legal. 2. (Theol.) To interpret or apply in a legal spirit. Legally Le"gal*ly, adv. In a legal manner. Legantine Le*gan"tine (?), a. [Obs.] See Legatine. Legatary Leg"a*ta*ry (?), n. [L. legatarius, fr. legaturius enjoined by a last will: cf. F. l\'82gataire. See Legacy.] A legatee. [R.] Ayliffe. Legate Leg"ate (?), n. [OE. legal, L. legatus, fr. legare to sent with a commission or charge, to depute, fr. lex, legis, law: cf. F. l\'82gat, It. legato. See Legal.] 1. An ambassador or envoy. 2. An ecclesiastic representing the pope and invested with the authority of the Holy See. NOTE: &hand; Le gates are of three kinds: (a) Legates a latere, now always cardinals. They are called ordinary or extraordinary legates, the former governing provinces, and the latter class being sent to foreign countries on extraordinary occasions. (b) Legati missi, who correspond to the ambassadors of temporal governments. (c) Legati nati, or legates by virtue of their office, as the archbishops of Salzburg and Prague. 3. (Rom. Hist.) (a) An official assistant given to a general or to the governor of a province. (b) Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province. Legatee Leg`a*tee" (?), n. [See Legacy.] (Law) One to whom a legacy is bequeathed. Legateship Leg"ate*ship (?), n. The office of a legate. Legatine Leg"a*tine (?), a. Of or pertaining to a legate; as, legatine power. Holinshed. 2. Made by, proceeding from, or under the sanction of, a legate; as, a legatine constitution. Ayliffe. Legation Le*ga"tion (?), n. [L. legatio: cf. F. l\'82gation, It. legazione. See Legate.] 1. The sending forth or commissioning one person to act for another. "The Divine legation of Moses." Bp. Warburton. 2. A legate, or envoy, and the persons associated with him in his mission; an embassy; or, in stricter usage, a diplomatic minister and his suite; a deputation. 3. The place of business or official residence of a diplomatic minister at a foreign court or seat of government. 4. A district under the jurisdiction of a legate. Legato Le*ga"to (?), a. [It., tied, joined, fr. legare to tie, bind, L. ligare.] (Mus.) Connected; tied; -- a term used when successive tones are to be produced in a closely connected, smoothly gliding manner. It is often indicated by a tie, thus staccato. Legator Leg`a*tor" (?), n. [L., fr. legare: cf. OF. legateur. See Legacy.] (Law) A testator; one who bequeaths a legacy. Dryden. Legatura Le`ga*tu"ra (?), n. [It. See Ligature.] (Mus.) A tie or brace; a syncopation. Legature Leg"a*ture (?), n. Legateship. [Obs.] Lege Lege (?), v. t. [Abbrev. fr. allege to assert.] To allege; to assert. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher. Legement Lege"ment (?), n. See Ledgment. Legend Leg"end (?), n. [OE. legende, OF. legende, F. l\'82gende, LL. legenda, fr. L. legendus to be read, fr. legere to read, gather; akin to Gr. Collect, Dialogue, Lesson, Logic.] 1. That which is appointed to be read; especially, a chronicle or register of the lives of saints, formerly read at matins, and in the refectories of religious houses. 2. A story respecting saints; especially, one of a marvelous nature. Addison. 3. Any wonderful story coming down from the past, but not verifiable by historical record; a myth; a fable. And in this legend all that glorious deed. Read, whilst you arm you. Fairfax. 4. An inscription, motto, or title, esp. one surrounding the field in a medal or coin, or placed upon an heraldic shield or beneath an engraving or illustration. Golden legend. See under Golden. Legend Leg"end, v. t. To tell or narrate, as a legend. Bp. Hall. Legendary Leg"end*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to a legend or to legends; consisting of legends; like a legend; fabulous. "Legendary writers." Bp. Lloyd. Legendary stories of nurses and old women. Bourne. Legendary Leg"end*a*ry, n. [Cf. OF. legendaire, LL. legendarius.] 1. A book of legends; a tale or parrative. Read the Countess of Pembroke's "Arcadia," a gallant legendary full of pleasurable accidents. James I. 2. One who relates legends. Bp. Lavington. Leger Leg"er (?), n. [See Ledger.] 1. Anything that lies in a place; that which, or one who, remains in a place. [Obs.] 2. A minister or ambassador resident at a court or seat of government. [Written also lieger, leiger.] [Obs.] Sir Edward Carne, the queen's leger at Rome. Fuller. 3. A ledger. Leger Leg"er, a. Lying or remaining in a place; hence, resident; as, leger ambassador. Leger Leg"er, a. [F. l\'82ger, fr. LL. (assumed) leviarius, fr. L. levis light in weight. See Levity.] Light; slender; slim; trivial. [Obs. except in special phrases.] Bacon. Leger line (Mus.), a line added above or below the staff to extend its compass; -- called also added line. Legerdemain Leg`er*de*main" (?), n. [F. l\'82ger light, nimble + de of + main hand, L. manus. See 3d Leger, and Manual.] Sleight of hand; a trick of sleight of hand; hence, any artful deception or trick. He of legierdemayne the mysteries did know. Spenser. The tricks and legerdemain by which men impose upon their own souls. South. Legerdemainits Leg`er*de*main"its, n. One who practices sleight of hand; a prestidigitator. Legerity Le*ger"i*ty (?), n. [F. l\'82g\'8aret\'82. See 3d Leger.] Lightness; nimbleness [Archaic] Shak. Legge Legge (?), v. t. [See Lay, v. t. ] To lay. [Obs.] Legge Legge, v. t. [Abbrev. fr. alegge.] To lighten; to allay. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Legged Legged (?), a. [From Leg.] Having (such or so many) legs; -- used in composition; as, a long-legged man; a two-legged animal. Leggiadro, Leggiero Leg`gi*a"dro (?), Leg`gi*e"ro (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Light or graceful; in a light, delicate, and brick style. Legging, Legging Leg"ging (?), Leg"ging, n. [From Leg.] A cover for the leg, like a long gaiter. Legging Leg"ging, a. & vb. n., from Leg, v. t. Leghorn Leg"horn (?), n. A straw plaiting used for bonnets and hats, made from the straw of a particular kind of wheat, grown for the purpose in Tuscany, Italy; -- so called from Leghorn, the place of exportation. Legibility Leg`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being legible; legibleness. Sir. D. Brewster. Legible Leg"i*ble (?), a. [L. legibilis, fr. legere to read: cf. OF. legible. See Legend.] 1. Capable of being read or deciphered; distinct to the eye; plain; -- used of writing or printing; as, a fair, legible manuscript. The stone with moss and lichens so overspread, Nothing is legible but the name alone. Longfellow. 2. Capable of being discovered or understood by apparent marks or indications; as, the thoughts of men are often legible in their countenances. Legibleness Leg"i*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being legible. Legibly Leg"i*bly, adv. In a legible manner. Legific Le*gif"ic (?), a. [L. lex, legis, law + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] Of or pertaining to making laws. Practically, in many cases, authority or legific competence has begun in bare power. J. Grote. Legion Le"gion (?), n. [OE. legioun, OF. legion, F. l\'82gion, fr. L. legio, fr. legere to gather, collect. See Legend.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A body of foot soldiers and cavalry consisting of different numbers at different periods, -- from about four thousand to about six thousand men, -- the cavalry being about one tenth. 2. A military force; an army; military bands. 3. A great number; a multitude. Where one sin has entered,legions will force their way through the same breach. Rogers. 4. (Taxonomy) A group of orders inferior to a class. Legion of honor, an order instituted by the French government in 1802, when Bonaparte was First Consul, as a reward for merit, both civil and military. Legionary Le"gion*a*ry (?), a. [L.legionarius: cf. F. l\'82gionnaire.] Belonging to a legion; consisting of a legion or legions, or of an indefinitely great number; as, legionary soldiers; a legionary force. "The legionary body of error." Sir T. Browne. Legionary Le"gion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Legionaries (. A member of a legion. Milton. Legioned Le"gioned (?), a. Formed into a legion or legions; legionary. Shelley. Legionry Le"gion*ry (?), n. A body of legions; legions, collectively. [R.] Pollok. Legislate Leg"is*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Legislated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Legislating (?).] [See Legislator.] To make or enact a law or laws. Solon, in legislating for the Athenians, had an idea of a more perfect constitution than he gave them. Bp. Watson (1805). Legislation Leg`is*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. l\'82gislation, L. legis latio. See Legislator.] The act of legislating; preparation and enactment of laws; the laws enacted. Pythagoras joined legislation to his philosophy. Lyttelton. Legislative Leg"is*la*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. l\'82gislatij.] 1. Making, or having the power to make, a law or laws; lawmaking; -- distinguished from executive; as, a legislative act; a legislative body. The supreme legislative power of England was lodged in the king and great council, or what was afterwards called the Parliament. Hume. 2. Of or pertaining to the making of laws; suitable to legislation; as, the transaction of legislative business; the legislative style. Legislatively Leg"is*la*tive*ly, adv. In a legislative manner. Legislator Leg"is*la`tor (?), n. [L. legis lator, prop., a proposer of a law; lex, legis, law + lator a proposer, bearer, fr. latus, used as p. p. of ferre to bear: cf. F. l\'82gislateur. See Legal, and Tolerate.] A lawgiver; one who makes laws for a state or community; a member of a legislative body. The legislators in ancient and heroical times. Bacon. Many of the legislators themselves had taken an oath of abjuration of his Majesty's person and family. E. Phillips. Legislatorial Leg`is*la*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a legislator or legislature. Legislatorship Leg"is*la`tor*ship (?), n. The office of a legislator. Halifax. Legislatress, Legislatrix Leg"is*la`tress (?), Leg"is*la`trix (?), n. A woman who makes laws. Shaftesbury. Legislature Leg"is*la`ture (?), n. [Cf. F. l\'82gislature.] The body of persons in a state or kingdom invested with power to make and repeal laws; a legislative body. Without the concurrent consent of all three parts of the legislature, no law is, or can be, made. Sir M. Hale. NOTE: &hand; The legislature of Great Britain consists of the Lords and Commons, with the king or queen, whose sanction is necessary to every bill before it becomes a law. The legislatures of most of the United States consist of two houses or branches; but the sanction or consent of the governor is required to give their acts the force of law, or a concurrence of two thirds of the two houses after he has refused his sanction and assigned his objections. Legist Le"gist (?), n. [F. l\'82giste, LL. legista, fr. L. lex, legis, law. See Legal.] One skilled in the laws; a writer on law. Milman. J. Morley. Legitim Le*git"im (?), n. [See Legitimate, a.] (Scots Law) The portion of movable estate to which the children are entitled upon the death of the father. Legitimacy Le*git"i*ma*cy (?), n. [See Legitimate, a.] The state, or quality, of being legitimate, or in conformity with law; hence, the condition of having been lawfully begotten, or born in wedlock. The doctrine of Divine Right, which has now come back to us, like a thief from transportation, under the alias of Legitimacy. Macaulay. Legitimate Le*git"i*mate (?), a. [LL. legitimatus, p. p. of legitimare to legitimate, fr. L. legitimus legitimate. See Legal.] 1. Accordant with law or with established legal forms and requirements; lawful; as, legitimate government; legitimate rights; the legitimate succession to the throne; a legitimate proceeding of an officer; a legitimate heir. 2. Lawfully begotten; born in wedlock. 3. Authorized; real; genuine; not false, counterfeit, or spurious; as, legitimate poems of Chaucer; legitimate inscriptions. 4. Conforming to known principles, or accepted rules; as, legitimate reasoning; a legitimate standard, or method; a legitimate combination of colors. Tillotson still keeps his place as a legitimate English classic. Macaulay. 5. Following by logical sequence; reasonable; as, a legitimate result; a legitimate inference. Legitimate Le*git"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Legitimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Legitimating (?).] To make legitimate, lawful, or valid; esp., to put in the position or state of a legitimate person before the law, by legal means; as, to legitimate a bastard child. To enact a statute of that which he dares not seem to approve, even to legitimate vice. Milton. Legitimately Le*git"i*mate*ly (?), adv. In a legitimate manner; lawfully; genuinely. Legitimateness Le*git"i*mate*ness, n. The state or quality of being legitimate; lawfulness; genuineness. Legitimation Le*git`i*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. l\'82gitimation.] 1. The act of making legitimate. The coining or legitimation of money. East. 2. Lawful birth. [R.] Shak. Legitimatist Le*git"i*ma*tist (?), n. See Legitimist. Legitimatize Le*git"i*ma*tize (?), v. t. To legitimate. Legitimism Le*git"i*mism (?), n. The principles or plans of legitimists. Legitimist Le*git"i*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. l\'82gitimiste.] 1. One who supports legitimate authority; esp., one who believes in hereditary monarchy, as a divine right. 2. Specifically, a supporter of the claims of the elder branch of the Bourbon dynasty to the crown of France. _________________________________________________________________ Page 842 Legitimize Le*git"i*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Legitimized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Legitimizing.] To legitimate. Legless Leg"less (?), a. Not having a leg. Lego-literary Le"go-lit"er*a*ry (?), a. [See Legal, and Literary.] Pertaining to the literature of law. Leguleian Le`gu*le"ian (?), a. [L. leguleius pettifogger, fr. lex, legis, law.] Lawyerlike; legal. [R.] "Leguleian barbarism." De Quincey. -- n. A lawyer. Legume Leg"ume (?), n. [F. l\'82gume, L. legumen, fr. legere to gather. So called because they may be gathered without cutting. See Legend.] 1. (Bot.) A pod dehiscent into two pieces or valves, and having the seed attached at one suture, as that of the pea. NOTE: &hand; In the latter circumstance, it differs from a siliqua, in which the seeds are attached to both sutures. In popular use, a legume is called a pod, or cod; as, pea pod, or peas cod. 2. pl. The fruit of leguminous plants, as peas, beans, lupines; pulse. Legumen Le*gu"men (?), n.; pl> L. Legumina (#), E. Legumens (#). [L.] Same as Legume. Legumin Le*gu"min (?), n. [Cf. F. l\'82gumine.] (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous substance resembling casein, found as a characteristic ingredient of the seeds of leguminous and grain-bearing plants. Leguminous Le*gu"mi*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. l\'82gumineux.] 1. Pertaining to pulse; consisting of pulse. 2. (Bot.) Belonging to, or resembling, a very large natural order of plants (Leguminos\'91), which bear legumes, including peas, beans, clover, locust trees, acacias, and mimosas. Leiger Lei"ger (?), n. [See Leger, and Ledger.] See Leger, n., 2. [Obs.] Shak. Leiotrichan Lei*ot"ri*chan (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Leiotrichi. -- n. One of the Leiotrichi. Leiotrichi Lei*ot"ri*chi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anthropol.) The division of mankind which embraces the smooth-haired races. Leiotrichous Lei*ot"ri*chous (?), a. [See Leiotrichi.] (Anthropol.) Having smooth, or nearly smooth, hair. Leipoa Lei*po"a (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Australian gallinaceous birds including but a single species (Leipoa ocellata), about the size of a turkey. Its color is variegated, drown, black, white, and gray. Called also native pheasant. NOTE: &hand; It makes large mounds of sand and vegetable material, in which its eggs are laid to be hatched by the heat of the decomposing mass. Leipothymic Lei`po*thym"ic (?), a. See Lipothymic. Leister, Lister Leis"ter, Lis"ter (?), n. A spear armed with three or more prongs, for striking fish. [Scotland] Leisurable Lei"sur*a*ble (?), a. [See Leisure.] 1. Leisurely. [Obs.] Hooker. 2. Vacant of employment; not occupied; idle; leisure; as leisurable hours. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Leisurably Lei"sur*a*bly, adv. At leisure. [Obs.] Leisure Lei"sure (?) n. [OE. leisere, leiser, OF.leisir, F. loisir, orig., permission, fr. L. licere to be permitted. See License.] 1. Freedom from occupation or business; vacant time; time free from employment. The desire of leisure is much more natural than of business and care. Sir W. Temple. 2. Time at one's command, free from engagement; convenient opportunity; hence, convenience; ease. He sighed, and had no leisure more to say. Dryden. At leisure. (a) Free from occupation; not busy. (b) In a leisurely manner; at a convenient time. Leisure Lei"sure, a. Unemployed; as, leisure hours. Leisured Lei"sured (?), a.Having leisure. "The leisured classes." Gladstone. Leisurely Lei"sure*ly (?), a. Characterized by leisure; taking abundant tome; not hurried; as, a leisurely manner; a leisurely walk. Leisurely Lei"sure*ly, adv. In a leisurely manner. Addison. Leitmotif Leit"mo*tif" (?), n. [G.] (Mus.) See Leading motive, under Leading, a. Leman Le"man (?), n. [OE. lemman, legman; AS.le\'a2f dear + mann man. See Lief, and Man.] A sweetheart, of either sex; a gallant, or a mistress; -- usually in a bad sense. [Archaic] Chaucer. Spenser. Shak. Leme Leme (?), n. [OE. leem, leme, leam, AS. le\'a2ma light, brightness; akin to E. light, n. &root;122.] A ray or glimmer of light; a gleam. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lame Lame, v. i. To shine. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Lemma Lem"ma (?), n.; pl. L. Lemmata (#), E. Lemmas (#). [L. lemma, Gr. Syllable.] A preliminary or auxiliary proposition demonstrated or accepted for immediate use in the demonstration of some other proposition, as in mathematics or logic. Lemman Lem"man (?), n. A leman. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lemming Lem"ming (?), n. [Nor. lemming, lemende; cf. Sw. lemel, Lapp. lummik.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small arctic rodents of the genera Myodes and Cuniculus, resembling the meadow mice in form. They are found in both hemispheres. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon Northern European lemming (Myodes lemmus) is remarkable for making occasional devastating migrations in enormous numbers from the mountains into the lowlands. Lemnian Lem"ni*an (?), a. [L. Lemnius, fr. Lemnus, Gr. Of or pertaining to the isle of Lemnos. Lemnian bole, Lemnian earth, an aluminous earth of a grayish yellow color; sphragide; -- formerly sold as medicine, having astringent properties. -- Lemnian reddle, a reddle of firm consistence and deep red color; -- used by artificers in coloring. Lemniscata, Lemniscate Lem`nis*ca"ta (?), Lem*nis"cate (?), n. [L. lemniscatus adorned with ribbons, fr. lemniscus a ribbon having down, Gr. (Geom.) A curve in the form of the figure 8, with both parts symmetrical, generated by the point in which a tangent to an equilateral hyperbola meets the perpendicular on it drawn from the center. Lemniscus Lem*nis"cus (?), n.; pl. Lemnisci () [L. See Lemniscata.] (Zo\'94l.) One of two oval bodies hanging from the interior walls of the body in the Acanthocephala. Lemon Lem"on (?), n. [F. limon, Per. lim; cf. Ar.laim, Sp. limon, It. limone. Cf. Lime a fruit.] 1. (Bot.) An oval or roundish fruit resembling the orange, and containing a pulp usually intensely acid. It is produced by a tropical tree of the genus Citrus,the common fruit known in commerce being that of the species C. Limonum or C. Medica (var. Limonum). There are many varieties of the fruit, some of which are sweet. 2. The tree which bears lemons; the lemon tree. Lemon grass (Bot.), a fragrant East Indian grass (Andropogon Sh\'d2nanthus, and perhaps other allied species), which yields the grass oil used in perfumery. -- Lemon sole (Zo\'94l.), a yellow European sole (Solea aurantiaca). -- Salts of lemon (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, inappropriately named, as it consists of an acid potassium oxalate and contains no citric acid, which is the characteristic acid of lemon; -- called also salis of sorrel. It is used in removing ink stains. See Oxalic acid, under Oxalic. [Colloq.] <-- Lemon adj. 1. of the color lemon-yellow. 2. of or relating to lemons, as lemon pie. --> Lemonade Lem`on*ade" (?), n. [F. limonade; cf. Sp. limonada, It. limonata. See Lemon.] A beverage consisting of lemon juice mixed with water and sweetened. Lemur Le"mur (?), n. [L., a ghost, specter. So called on account of its habit of going abroad by night.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a family (Lemurid\'91) of nocturnal mammals allied to the monkeys, but of small size, and having a sharp and foxlike muzzle, and large eyes. They feed upon birds, insects, and fruit, and are mostly natives of Madagascar and the neighboring islands, one genus (Galago) occurring in Africa. The slow lemur or kukang of the East Indies is Nycticebus tardigradus. See Galago, Indris, and Colugo. Lemures Lem"u*res (?), n. pl. [L. See Lemur.] Spirits or ghosts of the departed; specters. The Lars and Lemures moan with midnight plaint. Milton. Lemuria Le*mu"ri*a (?), n. [So named from the supposition that it was the original home of the lemurs.] A hypothetical land, or continent, supposed by some to have existed formerly in the Indian Ocean, of which Madagascar is a remnant. Herschel. Lemurid Lem"u*rid (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Lemuroid. Lemuridous, Lemurine Le*mu"ri*dous (?), Lem"u*rine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Lemuroid. Lemuroid Lem"u*roid (?), a. [Lemur + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the lemurs or the Lemuroidea. -- n. One of the Lemuroidea. Lemuroidea Lem`u*roi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Lemur, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of primates, including the lemurs, the aye-aye, and allied species. [Written also Lemuroida.] Lena Le"na (?), n. [L.] A procuress. J. Webster. Lend Lend (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lent ; p. pr. & vb. n. Lending.] [OE.lenen, AS. l, fr. l loan; akin to G. lehnen to lend. See Loan.] 1. To allow the custody and use of, on condition of the return of the same; to grant the temporary use of; as, to lend a book; -- opposed to borrow. Give me that ring. I'll lend it thee, my dear, but have no power To give it from me. Shak. 2. To allow the possession and use of, on condition of the return of an equivalent in kind; as, to lend money or some article of food. Thou shalt not give him thy money upon usury, nor lend him thy victuals for increase. Levit. xxv. 37. 3. To afford; to grant or furnish in general; as, to lend assistance; to lend one's name or influence. Cato, lend me for a while thy patience. Addison. Mountain lines and distant horizons lend space and largeness to his compositions. J. A. Symonds. 4. To let for hire or compensation; as, to lend a horse or gig. NOTE: &hand; Th is us e of th e word is rare in the United States, except with reference to money. To lend a hand, to give assistance; to help. [Colloq.] -- To lend an ear OR one's ears, to give attention. Lendable Lend"a*ble (?), a. Such as can be lent. Sherwood. Lender Lend"er (?), n. One who lends. The borrower is servant to the lender. Prov. xxii. 7. Lendes Lend"es (?), n. pl. See Lends. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lending Lend"ing, n. 1. The act of one who lends. 2. That which is lent or furnished. Lends Lends (?), n. pl. [AS. lend, lenden; akin to D. & G. lende, OHG. lenti, Icel. lend, and perh to E. loin.] Loins. [Obs.] Wyclif. Lene Lene (?), v. i. [See Lend.] To lend; to grant; to permit. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lene Le"ne (?), a. [L. lenis smooth.] (Phonetics) (a) Smooth; as, the lene breathing. (b) Applied to certain mute consonants, as p, k, and t. (or Gr. p, k, t.). W. E. Jelf. Lene Le"ne, n. (Phonetics) (a) The smooth breathing (spiritus lenis). (b) Any one of the lene consonants, as p, k, or i (or Gr. p, k, t.). W. E. Jelf. Lenger, Lengest Leng"er (?), Leng"est, a. Longer; longest; -- obsolete compar. and superl. of long. Chaucer. Length Length (?), n. [OE. lengthe, AS. leng, fr. land, long, long; akin to D. lengte, Dan. l\'91ngde, Sw. l\'84ngd, Icel. lengd. See Long, a. ] 1. The longest, or longer, dimension of any object, in distinction from breadth or width; extent of anything from end to end; the longest line which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its sides; as, the length of a church, or of a ship; the length of a rope or line. 2. A portion of space or of time considered as measured by its length; -- often in the plural. Large lengths of seas and shores. Shak. The future but a length behind the past. Dryden. 3. The quality or state of being long, in space or time; extent; duration; as, some sea birds are remarkable for the length of their wings; he was tired by the length of the sermon, and the length of his walk. 4. A single piece or subdivision of a series, or of a number of long pieces which may be connected together; as, a length of pipe; a length of fence. 5. Detail or amplification; unfolding; continuance as, to pursue a subject to a great length. May Heaven, great monarch, still augment your bliss. With length of days and every day like this. Dryden. 6. Distance.[Obs.] He had marched to the length of Exeter. Clarendon. At length. (a) At or in the full extent; without abbreviation; as, let the name be inserted at length. (b) At the end or conclusion; after a long period. See Syn. of At last, under Last. -- At arm's length. See under Arm. Length Length, v. i. To lengthen. [Obs.] Shak. Lengthen Length"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lengthenel (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lengthening (?).] To extent in length; to make longer in extent or duration; as, to lengthen a line or a road; to lengthen life; -- sometimes followed by out. What if I please to lengthen out his date. Dryden. Lengthen Length"en, v. i. To become longer. Locke. Lengthful Length"ful (?), a. Long. [Obs.] Pope. Lengthily Length"i*ly (?), adv. In a lengthy manner; at great length or extent. Lengthiness Length"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being lengthy; prolixity. Lengthways, Lengthwise Length"ways` (?), Length"wise` (?), adv. In the direction of the length; in a longitudinal direction. Lengthy Length"y (?), a. [Compar. Lengthier (?); superl. Lengthiest.] Having length; rather long or too long; prolix; not brief; -- said chiefly of discourses, writings, and the like. "Lengthy periods." Washington. "Some lengthy additions." Byron. "These would be details too lengthy." Jefferson. "To cut short lengthy explanations." Trench. Lenience, Leniency Le"ni*ence (?), Le"ni*en*cy, n. The quality or state of being lenient; lenity; clemency. Leniont Le"ni*ont (?), a. [L. leniens, -entis, p. pr. of lenire to soften, fr. lenis soft, mild. Cf. Lithe.] 1. Relaxing; emollient; softening; assuasive; -- some "Lenient of grief." Milton. Of relax the fibers, are lenient, balsamic. Arbuthnot. Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand. Pope. 2. Mild; clement; merciful; not rigorous or severe; as, a lenient disposition; a lenient judge or sentence. Lenient Le"ni*ent, n. (Med.) A lenitive; an emollient. Leniently Le"ni*ent*ly, adv. In a lenient manner. Lenify Len"i*fy (?), v. t. [L. lenis soft, mild + -fy: cf. F.l\'82nifier.] To assuage; to soften; to Bacon. Dryden. Leniment Len"i*ment (?), n. [L. lenimentum: cf. OF. leniment. See Lenient.] An assuasive. [Obs.] Lenitive Len"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. l\'82nitif. See Lenient.] Having the quality of softening or mitigating, as pain or acrimony; assuasive; emollient. Lenitive Len"i*tive, n. [Cf. F. l\'82nitif.] 1. (Med.) (a) A medicine or application that has the quality of easing pain or protecting from the action of irritants. (b) A mild purgative; a laxative. 2. That which softens or mitigates; that which tends to allay passion, excitement, or pain; a palliative. There is one sweet Lenitive at least for evils, which Nature holds out; so I took it kindly at her hands, and fell asleep. Sterne. Lenitiveness Len"i*tive*ness, n. The quality of being lenitive. Lenitude Len"i*tude (?), n. [L. lenitudo.] The quality or habit of being lenient; lenity. [Obs.] Blount. Lenity Len"i*ty (?), n. [L. lenitas, fr. lenis soft, mild: cf. OF. lenit\'82. See Lenient.] The state or quality of being lenient; mildness of temper or disposition; gentleness of treatment; softness; tenderness; clemency; -- opposed to severity and rigor. His exceeding lenity disposes us to be somewhat too severe. Macaulay. Syn. -- Gentleness; kindness; tenderness; softness; humanity; clemency; mercy. Lenni-Lenape Len`ni-Len*a"pe (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A general name for a group of Algonquin tribes which formerly occupied the coast region of North America from Connecticut to Virginia. They included the Mohicans, Delawares, Shawnees, and several other tribes. _________________________________________________________________ Page 843 Leno Le"no (?), n. [Cf. It. leno weak, flexible.] A light open cotton fabric used for window curtains. Lenocinant Le*noc"i*nant (?), a. [L. lenocinans, p. pr. of lenocinari to pander, cajole; akin to leno pimp.] Given to lewdness. [Obs.] Lens Lens (?), n.; pl. Lenses (-&ecr;z). [L. lens a lentil. So named from the resemblance in shape of a double convex lens to the seed of a lentil. Cf. Lentil.] (Opt.) A piece of glass, or other transparent substance, ground with two opposite regular surfaces, either both curved, or one curved and the other plane, and commonly used, either singly or combined, in optical instruments, for changing the direction of rays of light, and thus magnifying objects, or otherwise modifying vision. In practice, the curved surfaces are usually spherical, though rarely cylindrical, or of some other figure. Lenses NOTE: &hand; Of spherical lenses, there are six varieties, as shown in section in the figures herewith given: viz., a plano-concave; b double-concave; c plano-convex; d double-convex; converging concavo-convex, or converging meniscus; f diverging concavo-convex, or diverging meniscus. Crossed lens (Opt.), a double-convex lens with one radius equal to six times the other. -- Crystalline lens. (Anat.) See Eye. -- Fresnel lens (Opt.), a compound lens formed by placing around a central convex lens rings of glass so curved as to have the same focus; used, especially in lighthouses, for concentrating light in a particular direction; -- so called from the inventor. -- Multiplying lens OR glass (Opt.), a lens one side of which is plane and the other convex, but made up of a number of plane faces inclined to one another, each of which presents a separate image of the object viewed through it, so that the object is, as it were, multiplied. -- Polyzonal lens. See Polyzonal. Lent Lent (?), imp. & p. p. of Lend. Lent Lent, n. [OE. lente, lenten, leynte, AS. lengten, lencten, spring, lent, akin to D. lente, OHG. lenzin, langiz, G. lenz, and perh. fr. AS. lang long, E. long, because at this season of the year the days lengthen.] (Eccl.) A fast of forty days, beginning with Ash Wednesday and continuing till Easter, observed by some Christian churches as commemorative of the fast of our Savior. Lent lily Lent lily (Bot.), the daffodil; -- so named from its blossoming in spring. Lent Lent, a. [L. lentus; akin to lenis soft, mild: cf. F. lent. See Lenient.] 1. Slow; mild; gentle; as, lenter heats. [Obs.] B.Jonson. 2. (Mus.) See Lento. Lentamente Len`ta*men"te (?); adv. [It.] (Mus.) Slowly; in slow time. Lentando Len*tan"do (?), a. [It., p. pr. of lentare to make slow. See Lent, a.] (Mus.) Slackening; retarding. Same as Rallentando. Lenten Lent"en (?), n. Lent. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Lenten Lent"en, a. [From OE. lenten lent. See Lent, n. ] 1. Of or pertaining to the fast called Lent; used in, or suitable to, Lent; as, the Lenten season. She quenched her fury at the flood. And with a Lenten salad cooled her blood. Dryden. 2. Spare, meager; plain; somber; unostentatious; not abundant or showy. "Lenten entertainment." " Lenten answer." Shak. " Lenten suit." Beau. & Fl. Lenten color, black or violet. F. G. Lee. Lententide Lent"en*tide` (?), n. The season of Lenten or Lent. Lenticel Len"ti*cel (?), n. [F. lenticelle, dim. fr. L. lens, lentis, a lentil. Cf. Lentil.] (Bot.) (a) One of the small, oval, rounded spots upon the stem or branch of a plant, from which the underlying tissues may protrude or roots may issue, either in the air, or more commonly when the stem or branch is covered with water or earth. (b) A small, lens-shaped gland on the under side of some leaves. Lenticellame Len`ti*cel"lame (?), a. (Bot.) Producing lenticels; dotted with lenticels. Lenticelle Len`ti*celle" (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) Lenticel. Lenticula Len*tic"u*la (?), n.; pl. E. Lenticulas (#), L. Lenticul\'91 (#). [L. See Lenticel.] 1. (Med.) A kind of eruption upon the skin; lentigo; freckle. 2. (Opt.) A lens of small size. 3. (Bot.) A lenticel. Lenticular Len*tic"u*lar (?), a. [L. lenticularis: cf. F. lenticulaire. See Lenticel.] Resembling a lentil in size or form; having the form of a double-convex lens. Lenticularly Len*tic"u*lar*ly, adv. In the manner of a lens; with a curve. Lentiform Len"ti*form (?), a. [L. lens, lentis, lentil + -form: cf. F. lentifarme,] Lenticular. Lentiginose Len*tig"i*nose` (?), a. [See Lentiginous.] (Bot.) Bearing numerous dots resembling freckles. Lentiginous Len*tig"i*nous (?), a. [L. lentiginosus. See Lentigo.] Of or pertaining to lentigo; freckly; scurfy; furfuraceous. Lentigo Len*ti"go (?), n. [L., fr. lens, lentis, lentil.] (Med.) A freckly eruption on the skin; freckles. Lentil Len"til (?), n. [F. lentille, fr. L. lenticula, dim. of lens, lentis, lentil. Cf. Lens.] (Bot.) A leguminous plant of the genus Ervum (Ervum Lens), of small size, common in the fields in Europe. Also, its seed, which is used for food on the continent. NOTE: &hand; The lentil of the Scriptures probably included several other vetchlike plants. Lentil shell (Zo\'94l.), a small bivalve shell of the genus Ervillia, family Tellinid\'91. Lentiscus, Lentisk Len*tis"cus (?), Len"tisk (?),, n. [L. lentiscus, lentiscum: cf. F. lentisque.] (Bot.) A tree; the mastic. See Mastic. Lentitude Len"ti*tude (?), n. [L. lentitudo, fr. lentus slow: cf. OF. lentitude. See Lent, a.] Slowness; sluggishness. [Obs.] Lento Len"to (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Slow; in slow time; slowly; -- rarely written lente. Lentoid Len"toid (?), a. [Lens + -oid.] Having the form of a lens; lens-shaped. Lentor Len"tor (?), n. [L. fr. lentus pliant, tough, slow. See Lent, a.] 1. Tenacity; viscidity; viscidity, as of fluids. 2. Slowness; delay; sluggishness. Arbuthnot. Lentous Len"tous (?), a. [L. lentus. See Lentor.] Viscid; viscous; tenacious. Spawn of a lentous and transparent body. Sir T. Browne. L'envoi, OR L'envoy L'en`voi", OR L'en`voy" (, n. [F. le the + envei a sending. See Envoy.] 1. One or more detached verses at the end of a literary composition, serving to convey the moral, or to address the poem to a particular person; -- orig. employed in old French poetry. Shak. 2. A conclusion; a result. Massinger. Leo Le"o (?), n. [L. See Lion.] (Astron.) 1. The Lion, the fifth sign of the zodiac, marked thus 2. A northern constellation east of Cancer, containing the bright star Regulus at the end of the handle of the Sickle. Leo Minor, a small constellation between Leo and the Great Bear. Leod Le"od (?), n. [AS.le\'a2d people, nation, man, chief; akin to OS. liud, OHG. liut, pl. liuti, G.leute, pl., fr. AS.le\'a2dan to grow, akin to Goth. liudan, OS. liodan, OHG. liotan to grow; cf. Skr. ruh. ] People; a nation; a man. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Bp. Gibson. Leon Le"on (?), n. A lion. [Obs.] Chaucer. Leonced Le"onced (?), a. (Her.) See Lionced. Leonese Le`o*nese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Leon, in Spain. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Leon. Leonid Le"o*nid, n. [From Leo: cf. F. l\'82onides, pl.] (Astron.) One of the shooting stars which constitute the star shower that recurs near the fourteenth of November at intervals of about thirty-three years; so called because shooting stars appear on the heavens to move in lines directed from the constellation Leo. Leonine Le"o*nine (?), a. [L. leoninus, fr. leo, leonis, lion: cf. F. l\'82onin. See Lion.] Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the lion; as, a leonine look; leonine repacity. -- Le"o*nine*ly, adv. Leonine verse, a kind of verse, in which the end of the line rhymes with the middle; -- so named from Leo, or Leoninus, a Benedictine and canon of Paris in the twelfth century, who wrote largely in this measure, though he was not the inventor. The following line is an example: Gloria factorum temere conceditur horum. Leontodon Le*on"to*don (?), n. [Gr. Lion's-tooth, Dandelion.] (Bot.) A genus of liguliflorous composite plants, including the fall dandelion (L. autumnale), and formerly the true dandelion; -- called also lion's tooth. Leopard Leop"ard (?), n. [OE. leopart, leparde, lebarde, libbard, OF. leopard, liepart, F. l\'82opard, L. leopardus, fr. Gr. Lion, and Pard.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, savage, carnivorous mammal (Felis leopardus). It is of a yellow or fawn color, with rings or roselike clusters of black spots along the back and sides. It is found in Southern Asia and Africa. By some the panther (Felis pardus) is regarded as a variety of leopard. Hunting leopard. See Cheetah. Leopard cat (Zo\'94l.) any one of several species or varieties of small, spotted cats found in Africa, Southern Asia, and the East Indies; esp., Felis Bengalensis. -- Leopard marmot. See Gopher, 2. Leopard's bane Leop"ard's bane` (?). (Bot.) A name of several harmless plants, as Arnica montana, Senecio Doronicum, and Paris quadrifolia. Leopardwood Leop"ard*wood`, n. (Bot.) See Letterwood. Lep Lep (?), obs. strong imp. of Leap. Leaped. Chaucer. Lepadite 2 Lep"a*dite 2, n. [L. lepas, lepadis, limpet, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Lepadoid. Lepadoid Lep"a*doid (?), n. [Lepas + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A stalked barnacle of the genus Lepas, or family Lepadid\'91; a goose barnacle. Also used adjectively. Lepal Lep"al (?), n. [Gr. l\'82pale.] (Bot.) A sterile transformed stamen. Lepas Le"pas (?), n. [L., a limpet, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of various species of Lepas, a genus of pedunculated barnacles found attached to floating timber, bottoms of ships, Gulf weed, etc.; -- called also goose barnacle. See Barnacle. Leper Lep"er (?), n. [OE. lepre leprosy, F. l\'8apre, L. leprae, lepra, fr. Gr. A person affected with leprosy. Lepered Lep"ered (?), a. Affected or tainted with leprosy. Leperize Lep"er*ize (?), v. t. To affect with leprosy. Leperous Lep"er*ous (?), a. Leprous; infectious; corrupting; poisonous. "The leperous distillment." Shak. Lepid Lep"id (?), a. [L. lepidus.] Pleasant; jocose. [R.] The joyous and lepid consul. Sydney Smith. Lepidine Lep"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) An organic base, C9H6.N.CH3, metameric with quinaldine, and obtained by the distillation of cinchonine. Lepidodendrid Lep`i*do*den"drid (?), n. (Paleon.) One of an extinct family of trees allied to the modern club mosses, and including Lepidodendron and its allies. Lepidodendroid Lep`i*do*den"droid (?), a. (Paleon.) Allied to, or resembling, Lepidodendron. -- n. A lepidodendrid. Lepidodendron Lep`i*do*den"dron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil trees of the Devonian and Carboniferous ages, having the exterior marked with scars, mostly in quincunx order, produced by the separation of the leafstalks. Lepidoganoid Lep`i*do*ga"noid (?), n. [Gr. ganoid.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a division (Lepidoganoidei) of ganoid fishes, including those that have scales forming a coat of mail. Also used adjectively. Lepidolite Le*pid"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. l\'82pidolithe.] (Min.) A species of mica, of a lilac or rose-violet color, containing lithia. It usually occurs in masses consisting of small scales. See Mica. Lepidomelane Lep`i*dom"e*lane (?), n. [Fr. (Min.) An iron-potash mica, of a raven-black color, usually found in granitic rocks in small six-sided tables, or as an aggregation of minute opaque scales. See Mica. Lepidopter Lep`i*dop"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. l\'82pidopt\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Lepidoptera. Lepidoptera Lep`i*dop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of insects, which includes the butterflies and moths. They have broad wings, covered with minute overlapping scales, usually brightly colored. NOTE: &hand; Th ey ha ve a tubular proboscis, or haustellum, formed by the two slender maxill\'91. The labial palpi are usually large, and the proboscis, when not in use, can be coiled up spirally between them. The mandibles are rudimentary. The larv\'91, called caterpillars, are often brightly colored, and they commonly feed on leaves. The adults feed chiefly on the honey of flowers. Lepidopteral, Lepidopterous Lep`i*dop"ter*al (?), Lep`i*dop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Lepidoptera. Lepidopterits Lep`i*dop"ter*its, n. (Zo\'94l.) One who studies the Lepidoptera. Lepidosauria Lep`i*do*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of reptiles, including the serpents and lizards; the Plagiotremata. Lepidosiren Lep`i*do*si"ren (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An eel-shaped ganoid fish of the order Dipnoi, having both gills and lungs. It inhabits the rivers of South America. The name is also applied to a related African species (Protopterus annectens). The lepidosirens grow to a length of from four to six feet. Called also doko. Lepidote, Lepidoted Lep"i*dote (?), Lep"i*do`ted (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having a coat of scurfy scales, as the leaves of the oleaster. Lepisma Le*pis"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of wingless thysanurous insects having an elongated flattened body, covered with shining scales and terminated by seven unequal bristles. A common species (Lepisma saccharina) is found in houses, and often injures books and furniture. Called also shiner, silver witch, silver moth, and furniture bug.<-- also called silverfish. Eats sized paper and starched clothes --> Lepismoid Le*pis"moid (?), a. [Lepisma + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the Lepisma. Leporine Lep"o*rine (?), a. [L. leporinus, fr. lepus, leporis, hare. See Leveret.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a hare; like or characteristic of, a hare. Lepra Le"pra (?), n. [L. See Leper.] (Med.) Leprosy. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm le pra wa s fo rmerly given to various skin diseases, the leprosy of modern authors being Lepra Arabum. See Leprosy. _________________________________________________________________ Page 844 Lepre Lep"re (?), n. Leprosy.[Obs.] Wyclif. Leprose Lep"rose` (?), a. [See Leprous.] (Nat. Hist.) Covered with thin, scurfy scales. Leprosity Le*pros"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being leprous or scaly; also, a scale. Bacon. Leprosy Lep"ro*sy (?), n. [See Leprous.] (Med.) A cutaneous disease which first appears as blebs or as reddish, shining, slightly prominent spots, with spreading edges. These are often followed by an eruption of dark or yellowish prominent nodules, frequently producing great deformity. In one variety of the disease, an\'91sthesia of the skin is a prominent symptom. In addition there may be wasting of the muscles, falling out of the hair and nails, and distortion of the hands and feet with destruction of the bones and joints. It is incurable, and is probably contagious.<-- caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, curable in most cases by therapy with a combination of antibiotics, but cases resistant to therapy are increasing. --> NOTE: &hand; Th e di sease no w ca lled leprosy, also designated as Lepra or Lepra Arabum, and Elephantiasis Gr\'91corum, is not the same as the leprosy of the ancients. The latter was, indeed, a generic name for many varieties of skin disease (including our modern leprosy, psoriasis, etc.), some of which, among the Hebrews, rendered a person ceremonially unclean. A variety of leprosy of the Hebrews (probably identical with modern leprosy) was characterized by the presence of smooth, shining, depressed white patches or scales, the hair on which participated in the whiteness while the skin and adjacent flesh became insensible. It was incurable disease. Leprous Lep"rous (?), a. [OF. leprous, lepros, F. l\'82preux, fr. L. leprosus, fr. lepra, leprae, leprosy. See Leper.] 1. Infected with leprosy; pertaining to or resembling leprosy. "His hand was leprous as snow." Ex. iv. 6. 2. (Nat. Hist.) Leprose. -- Lep"rous*ly, adv. -- Lep"rous*ness, n. Lepry Lep"ry (?), n. Leprosy. [Obs.] Holland. Leptiform Lep"ti*form (?), a. [Leptus + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a form somewhat like leptus; -- said of active insect larv\'91 having three pairs of legs. See Larva. Leptocardia Lep`to*car"di*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The lowest class of Vertebrata, including only the Amphioxus. The heart is represented only by a simple pulsating vessel. The blood is colorless; the brain, renal organs, and limbs are wanting, and the backbone is represented only by a simple, unsegmented notochord. See Amphioxus. [Written also Leptocardii.] Leptocardian Lep`to*car"di*an (?) a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Leptocardia. -- n. One of the Leptocardia. Leptodactyl Lep`to*dac"tyl (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A bird or other animal having slender toes. [Written also lepodactyle.] Leptodactylous Lep`to*dac"tyl*ous (?), Having slender toes. Leptology Lep*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. A minute and tedious discourse on trifling things. Leptomeningitis Lep`to*men`in*gi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. meningitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the pia mater or of the arachnoid membrane. Leptorhine Lep"to*rhine (?), a. [Gr. , , the nose.] (Anat.) Having the nose narrow; -- said esp. of the skull. Opposed to platyrhine. Leptostraca Lep*tos"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of Crustacea, including Nebalia and allied forms. Leptothrix Lep"to*thrix (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) A genus of bacteria, characterized by having their filaments very long, slender, and indistinctly articulated. Leptothrix Lep"to*thrix, a. [See Leptothrix, n. ] (Biol.) Having the form of a little chain; -- applied to bacteria when, as in multiplication by fission, they form chain of filiform individuals. Leptus Lep"tus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The six-legged young, or larva, of certain mites; -- sometimes used as a generic name. See Harvest mite, under Harvest. Leptynite Lep"ty*nite (?), n. (Min.) See Granulite. Lere Lere (?), n. [See Lore knowledge.] Learning; lesson; lore. [Obs.] Spenser. Lere Lere, v. t. & i. [OE. leeren, leren, AS. l. See Lore, Learn.] To learn; to teach. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lere Lere, a. Empty. [Obs.] See Lere, a. Lere Lere, n. [AS. lira flesh; cf. Icel l\'91r thigh.] Flesh; skin. [Obs.] "His white leer." Chaucer. Lered Ler"ed (?), a. [From lere, v. t.] Learned. [Obs.] " Lewed man or lered." Chaucer. Lern\'91a Ler*n\'91"a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Lernaeus Lern\'91an, fr. Lerna, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A Linn\'91an genus of parasitic Entomostraca, -- the same as the family Lern\'91id\'91. NOTE: &hand; Th e ge nus is restricted by modern zo\'94logists to a limited number of species similar to Lern\'91a branchialis found on the gills of the cod. Lern\'91acea Ler`n\'91*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Lern\'91a.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of copepod Crustacea, including a large number of remarkable forms, mostly parasitic on fishes. The young, however, are active and swim freely. See Illustration in Appendix. Lernean Ler*ne"an (?), n. [See Lern\'91a.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a family (Lern\'91id\'91) of parasitic Crustacea found attached to fishes and other marine animals. Some species penetrate the skin and flesh with the elongated head, and feed on the viscera. See Illust. in Appendix. L\'82rot L\'82`rot" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) A small European rodent (Eliomys nitela), allied to the dormouse. Les Les (?), n. A leash. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lesbian Les"bi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the island anciently called Lesbos, now Mitylene, in the Grecian Archipelago. Lese Lese (?), v. t. To lose. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lese-majesty Lese`-maj"es*ty (?), n. See Leze majesty. Lesion Le"sion (?), n. [F. lesion, L. laesio, fr. laedere, laesum, to hurt, injure.] A hurt; an injury. Specifically: (a) (Civil Law) Loss sustained from failure to fulfill a bargain or contract. Burrill. (b) (Med.) Any morbid change in the exercise of functions or the texture of organs. Dunglison. -less -less (?). [AS. le\'a0s loose, false; akin to OS. l loose, false, D. los loose, loos false, sly, G. los loose, Icel. lauss loose, vacant, Goth. laus empty, vain, and also to E. loose, lose. &root;127. See Lose, and cf. Loose, Leasing.] A privative adjective suffix, denoting without, destitute of, not having; as witless, childless, fatherless. Less Less (l&ecr;s), conj. Unless. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Less Less, a. [OE. lesse, AS. l&aemac;ssa; akin to OFries. l&emac;ssa; a compar. from a lost positive form. Cf. Lesser, Lest, Least. Less has the sense of the comparative degree of little.] Smaller; not so large or great; not so much; shorter; inferior; as, a less quantity or number; a horse of less size or value; in less time than before. NOTE: &hand; The substantive which less qualifies is often omitted; as, the purse contained less (money) than ten dollars. See Less, n. Thus in less [time] than a hundred years from the coming of Augustine, all England became Christian. E. A. Freeman. Less Less, adv. [AS. l. See Less, adj., and cf. Lest.] Not so much; in a smaller or lower degree; as, less bright or loud; less beautiful. Less Less, n. 1. A smaller portion or quantity. The children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some less. Ex. xvi. 17. 2. The inferior, younger, or smaller. The less is blessed of the better. Heb. vii. 7. Less Less, v. t. To make less; to lessen. [Obs.] Gower. Lessee Les*see" (?), n. [F. laiss\'82, p. p. of laisser. See Lease, v. t.] (Law) The person to whom a lease is given, or who takes an estate by lease. Blackstone. Lessen Less"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lessened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lessening.] [From Less, a. ] To make less; to reduce; to make smaller, or fewer; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; as, to lessen a kingdom, or a population; to lessen speed, rank, fortune. Charity . . . shall lessen his punishment. Calamy. St. Paul chose to magnify his office when ill men conspired to lessen it. Atterbury. Syn. -- To diminish; reduce; abate; decrease; lower; impair; weaken; degrade. Lessen Less"en, v. i. To become less; to shrink; to contract; to decrease; to be diminished; as, the apparent magnitude of objects lessens as we recede from them; his care, or his wealth, lessened. The objection lessens much, and comes to no more than this: there was one witness of no good reputation. Atterbury. Lessener Less"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, lessens. His wife . . . is the lessener of his pain, and the augmenter of his pleasure. J. Rogers (1839). Lesser Less"er (?), a. [This word is formed by adding anew the compar. suffix -er (in which r is from an original s) to less. See Less, a.] Less; smaller; inferior. God made . . . the lesser light to rule the night. Gen. i. 15. NOTE: &hand; Lesser is used for less, now the compar. of little, in certain special instances in which its employment has become established by custom; as, Lesser Asia (i. e., Asia Minor), the lesser light, and some others; also in poetry, for the sake of the meter, and in prose where its use renders the passage more euphonious. The more my prayer, the lesser is my grace. Shak. The larger here, and there the lesser lambs. Pope. By the same reason may a man, in the state of nature, punish the lesser breaches of the law. Locke. Lesser Less"er, adv. Less. [Obs.] Shak. Lesses Les"ses (?), n. pl. [F. laiss\'82es, from laisser to leave. See Lease, v. t.] The leavings or dung of beasts. Lesson Les"son (?), n. [OE. lessoun, F. le lesson, reading, fr. L. lectio a reading, fr. legere to read, collect. See Legend, and cf. Lection.] 1. Anything read or recited to a teacher by a pupil or learner; something, as a portion of a book, assigned to a pupil to be studied or learned at one time. 2. That which is learned or taught by an express effort; instruction derived from precept, experience, observation, or deduction; a precept; a doctrine; as, to take or give a lesson in drawing." A smooth and pleasing lesson." Milton. Emprinteth well this lesson in your mind. Chaucer. 3. A portion of Scripture read in divine service for instruction; as, here endeth the first lesson. 4. A severe lecture; reproof; rebuke; warning. She would give her a lesson for walking so late. Sir. P. Sidney. 5. (Mus.) An exercise; a composition serving an educational purpose; a study. Lesson Les"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lessoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lessoning.] To teach; to instruct. Shak. To rest the weary, and to soothe the sad, Doth lesson happier men, and shame at least the bad. Byron. Lessor Les"sor (?), n. [See Lessee, Lease, v. t. ] (Law) One who leases; the person who lets to farm, or gives a lease. Blackstone. Lest Lest (?), v. i. To listen. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Lest Lest, n. [See List to choose.] Lust; desire; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lest Lest, a. Last; least. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lest Lest, conj. [OE.leste, fr. AS. l the less that, where that, who, which. See The, Less, a.] 1. For Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty. Prov. xx. 18. Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth he standeth take heed lest he fall. I Cor. x. 12. 2. That (without the negative particle); -- after certain expressions denoting fear or apprehension. I feared Lest I might anger thee. Shak. -let -let (?).[From two French dim. endings -el (L. -ellus) and -et, as in bracelet.] A noun suffix having a diminutive force; as in streamlet, armlet. Let Let (?), v. t. [OE.letten, AS. lettan to delay, to hinder, fr. l\'91t slow; akin to D. letten to hinder, G. verletzen to hurt, Icel. letja to hold back, Goth. latjan. See Late.] To retard; to hinder; to impede; to oppose. [Archaic] He was so strong that no man might him let. Chaucer. He who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. 2. Thess. ii. 7. Mine ancient wound is hardly whole, And lets me from the saddle. Tennyson. Let Let, n. 1. A retarding; hindrance; obstacle; impediment; delay; -- common in the phrase without let or hindrance, but elsewhere archaic. Keats. Consider whether your doings be to the let of your salvation or not. Latimer. 2. (Lawn Tennis) A stroke in which a ball touches the top of the net in passing over. Let Let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Let (Letted (?), [Obs].); p. pr. & vb. n. Letting.] [OE. leten, l\'91ten (past tense lat, let, p. p. laten, leten, lete), AS. l&aemac;tan (past tense l&emac;t, p. p. l&aemac;ten); akin to OFries. l&emac;ta, OS. l\'betan, D. laten, G. lessen, OHG. l\'bezzan, Icel. l\'beta, Sw. l\'86ta, Dan. lade, Goth. l&emac;tan, and L. lassus weary. The original meaning seems to have been, to let loose, let go, let drop. Cf. Alas, Late, Lassitude, Let to hinder.] 1. To leave; to relinquish; to abandon. [Obs. or Archaic, except when followed by alone or be.] He . . . prayed him his voyage for to let Chaucer. Yet neither spins nor cards, ne cares nor frets, But to her mother Nature all her care she lets. Spenser. Let me alone in choosing of my wife. Chaucer. 2. To consider; to think; to esteem. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. To cause; to make; -- used with the infinitive in the active form but in the passive sense; as, let make, i. e., cause to be made; let bring, i. e., cause to be brought. [Obs.] This irous, cursed wretch Let this knight's son anon before him fetch. Chaucer. He . . . thus let do slay hem all three. Chaucer. Anon he let two coffers make. Gower. 4. To permit; to allow; to suffer; -- either affirmatively, by positive act, or negatively, by neglecting to restrain or prevent. NOTE: &hand; In th is se nse, wh en followed by an infinitive, the latter is commonly without the sign to; as to let us walk, i. e., to permit or suffer us to walk. Sometimes there is entire omission of the verb; as, to let [to be or to go] loose. Pharaoh said, I will let you go Ex. viii. 28. If your name be Horatio, as I am let to know it is. Shak. 5. To allow to be used or occupied for a compensation; to lease; to rent; to hire out; -- often with out; as, to let a farm; to let a house; to let out horses. 6. To give, grant, or assign, as a work, privilege, or contract; -- often with out; as, to let the building of a bridge; to let out the lathing and the plastering. NOTE: &hand; Th e ac tive form of the infinitive of let, as of many other English verbs, is often used in a passive sense; as, a house to let (i. e., for letting, or to be let). This form of expression conforms to the use of the Anglo-Saxon gerund with to (dative infinitive) which was commonly so employed. See Gerund, 2. " Your elegant house in Harley Street is to let." Thackeray. In the imperative mood, before the first person plural, let has a hortative force. " Rise up, let us go." Mark xiv. 42. " Let us seek out some desolate shade." Shak. To let alone, to leave; to withdraw from; to refrain from interfering with. -- To let blood, to cause blood to flow; to bleed. -- To let down. (a) To lower. (b) To soften in tempering; as to let down tools, cutlery, and the like.<-- to let (someone) down. to disappoint (someone) by filing to perform as expected. --> -- To let drive OR fly, to discharge with violence, as a blow, an arrow, or stone. See under Drive, and Fly. -- To let in OR into. (a) To permit or suffer to enter; to admit. (b) To insert, or imbed, as a piece of wood, in a recess formed in a surface for the purpose. To let loose, to remove restraint from; to permit to wander at large. -- To let off (a) To discharge; to let fly, as an arrow; to fire the charge of, as a gun. (b) To release, as from an engagement or obligation. [Colloq.] To let out. (a) To allow to go forth; as, to let out a prisoner. (b) To extend or loosen, as the folds of a garment; to enlarge; to suffer to run out, as a cord. (c) To lease; to give out for performance by contract, as a job. (d) To divulge. -- To let slide, to let go; to cease to care for. [Colloq.] " Let the world slide." Shak. Let Let, v. i. 1. To forbear. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. To be let or leased; as, the farm lets for $500 a year. See note under Left, v. i. To let on, to tell; to tattle; to divulge something. [Low] -- To let up, to become less severe; to diminish; to cease; as, when the storm lets up. [Colloq.] Let-alone Let"-a*lone" (?), a. Letting alone. The let-alone principle, doctrine, OR policy. (Polit. Econ.) See Laissez faire. Letch Letch (?), v. & n. See Leach. Letch Letch, n. [See Lech, Lecher.] Strong desire; passion. (Archaic.) Some people have a letch for unmasking impostors, or for avenging the wrongs of others. De Quincey. Letchy Letch"y (?), a. See Leachy. Lete Lete (?), v. t. To let; to leave. [Obs.] Leten Let"en (?), obs. p. p. of Lete. Chaucer. Lethal Leth"al (?), n. [Lauric + ether + alcohol.] (Chem.) One of the higher alcohols of the paraffine series obtained from spermaceti as a white crystalline solid. It is so called because it occurs in the ethereal salt of lauric acid. _________________________________________________________________ Page 845 Lethal Le"thal (?), a. [L. lethalis, letalis, fr. lethum, letum, death: cf. F. l\'82thal.] Deadly; mortal; fatal. "The lethal blow." W. Richardson. -- Le"thal*ly, adv. Lethality Le*thal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. l\'82thalit\'82.] The quality of being lethal; mortality. Lethargic, Lethargical Le*thar"gic (?), Le*thar"gic*al (?), a. [L. lethargicus, Gr. l\'82thargique. See Lethargy.] Pertaining to, affected with, or resembling, lethargy; morbidly drowsy; dull; heavy. -- Le*thar"gic*al*ly, v. -- Le*thar"gic*al*ness, n. -- Le*thar"gic*ness, n. Lethargize Leth"ar*gize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lethargized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lethargizing (?).] To make lethargic. All bitters are poison, and act by stilling, and depressing, and lethargizing the irritability. Coleridge. Lethargy Leth"ar*gy (?), n.; pl. -gies (#). [F. l\'82thargie, L. letgargia, Gr. Lethe.] 1. Morbid drowsiness; continued or profound sleep, from which a person can scarcely be awaked. 2. A state of inaction or indifference. Europe lay then under a deep lethargy. Atterbury. Lethargy Leth"ar*gy, v. t. To lethargize. [Obs.] Shak. Lethe Le"the (?), n. [See Lethal.] Death.[Obs.] Shak. Lethe Le"the (l&emac;"th&esl;), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Class. Myth.) A river of Hades whose waters when drunk caused forgetfulness of the past. 2. Oblivion; a draught of oblivion; forgetfulness. Lethean Le*the"an (?), a. [L. Letha, Gr. Of or pertaining to Lethe; resembling in effect the water of Lethe. Milton. Barrow. Letheed Le"theed (?), a. Caused by Lethe. " Letheed dullness." [Obs.] Shak. Letheon Le"the*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Sulphuric ether used as an an\'91sthetic agent. [R.] Letheonize Le"the*on*ize (?), v. t. To subject to the influence of letheon. [R. or Obs.] Lethiferous Le*thif"er*ous (?), a. [L. lethifer, letifer, fr. lethum, letum, death + ferre to bear, to bring: cf. F. l\'82thif\'8are.] Deadly; bringing death or destruction. Lethy Le"thy (?), a. Lethean. [Obs.] Marston. Let-off Let"-off` (?), n. (Mach.) A device for letting off, releasing, or giving forth, as the warp from the cylinder of a loom. Lette Let"te (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Letted.] To let; to hinder. See Let, to hinder. [Obs.] Chaucer. Letter Let"ter (?), n. [From Let to permit.] One who lets or permits; one who lets anything for hire. Letter Let"ter, n. [From Let to hinder.] One who retards or hinders. [Archaic.] Letter Let"ter, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing, literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered with wax. Pliny, xiii. 11. See Leniment, and cf. Literal.] 1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound, or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a first element of written language. And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. Luke xxiii. 38. 2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in intelligible characters on something adapted to conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle. The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and natural. Walsh. 3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.] None could expound what this letter meant. Chaucer. 4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact signification or requirement. We must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the reason of the law and the intention of the lawgiver. Jer. Taylor. I broke the letter of it to keep the sense. Tennyson. 5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of type. Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing house, and that famous letter so much esteemed. Evelyn. 6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters. 7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop, etc. -- Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept. -- Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed or delivered. -- Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman; specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects letters to be mailed. -- Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches. -- Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened, unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a part of in are in such a position (indicated by a particular combination of the letters) as to permit the bolt to be withdrawn. A strange lock that opens with AMEN. Beau. & Fl. -- Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a size of paper intermediate between note paper and foolscap. See Paper. -- Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the end, used in making the matrices for type. -- Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an administrator or administratrix is authorized to administer the goods and estate of a deceased person. -- Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under Attorney, Credit, etc. -- Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a debtor's time for paying his debts. -- Letters close OR clause (Eng. Law.), letters or writs directed to particular persons for particular purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; -- distinguished from letters patent. Burrill. -- Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon, etc. -- Letters patent, overt, OR open (Eng. Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England. -- Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed for transmission by mail without an envelope. -- Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the proper officer to an executor after probate of a will, authorizing him to act as executor. -- Letter writer. (a) One who writes letters. (b) A machine for copying letters. (c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of letters. Letter Let"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lettered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lettering.] To impress with letters; to mark with letters or words; as, a book gilt and lettered. Lettered Let"tered (?), a. 1. Literate; educated; versed in literature. " Are you not lettered?" Shak. The unlettered barbarians willingly accepted the aid of the lettered clergy, still chiefly of Roman birth, to reduce to writing the institutes of their forefathers. Milman. 2. Of or pertaining to learning or literature; learned. " A lettered education." Collier. 3. Inscribed or stamped with letters. Addison. Letterer Let"ter*er (?), n. One who makes, inscribes, or engraves, alphabetical letters. Lettering Let"ter*ing, n. 1. The act or business of making, or marking with, letters, as by cutting or painting. 2. The letters made; as, the lettering of a sign. Letterless Let"ter*less (?), a. 1. Not having a letter. 2. Illiterate. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse. Lettern Let"tern (?), n. See Lecturn. Letterpress Let"ter*press" (?), n. Print; letters and words impressed on paper or other material by types; -- often used of the reading matter in distinction from the illustrations. Letterpress printing, printing directly from type, in distinction from printing from plates. Letterure Let"ter*ure (?), n. Letters; literature. [Obs.] "To teach him letterure and courtesy." Chaucer. Letterwood Let"ter*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The beautiful and highly elastic wood of a tree of the genus Brosimum (B. Aubletii), found in Guiana; -- so called from black spots in it which bear some resemblance to hieroglyphics; also called snakewood, and leopardwood. It is much used for bows and for walking sticks. Lettic Let"tic (?), a. (a) Of or pertaining to the Letts; Lettish. (b) Of or pertaining to a branch of the Slavic family, subdivided into Lettish, Lithuanian, and Old Prussian. -- n. (a) The language of the Letts; Lettish. (b) The language of the Lettic race, including Lettish, Lithuanian, and Old Prussian. Lettish Let"tish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Letts. -- n. The language spoken by the Letts. See Lettic. Lettrure Let"trure (?), n. See Letterure. [Obs.] Chaucer. Letts Letts (?), n. pl.; sing. Lett (. (Ethnol.) An Indo-European people, allied to the Lithuanians and Old Prussians, and inhabiting a part of the Baltic provinces of Russia. Lettuce Let"tuce (?), n. [OE. letuce, prob. through Old French from some Late Latin derivative of L. lactuca lettuce, which, according to Varro, is fr. lac, lactis, milk, on account of the milky white juice which flows from it when it is cut: cf. F. laitue. Cf. Lacteal, Lactucic.] (Bot.) A composite plant of the genus Lactuca (L. sativa), the leaves of which are used as salad. Plants of this genus yield a milky juice, from which lactucarium is obtained. The commonest wild lettuce of the United States is L. Canadensis. Hare's lettuce, Lamb's lettuce. See under Hare, and Lamb. -- Lettuce opium. See Lactucarium. -- Sea lettuce, certain papery green seaweeds of the genus Ulva. Letuary Let"u*a*ry (?), n. Electuary. [Obs.] Chaucer. Letup Let"*up` (?). n. [See Let to forbear.] Abatement; also, cessation; as, it blew a gale for three days without any let-up. [Colloq.] Leuc- Leuc- (?). Same as Leuco-. Leucadendron Leu`ca*den"dron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of evergreen shrubs from the Cape of Good Hope, having handsome foliage. Leucadendron argenteum is the silverboom of the colonists. Leucaniline Leu*can"i*line (?), n. [Leuc- + aniline.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline, organic base, obtained from rosaniline by reduction, and also from other sources. It forms colorless salts. Leuch\'91mia Leu*ch\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) See Leucocyth\'91mia. -- Leu*ch\'91m"ic (#), a. [Written also leuk\'91mia, leuk\'91mic.] <-- now (1990) mainly leukemia --> Leucic, Leucinic Leu"cic (?), Leu*cin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from leucin, and called also oxycaproic acid. Leucin Leu"cin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance formed in the decomposition of albuminous matter by pancreatic digestion, by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid, and by putrefaction. It is also found as a constituent of various tissues and organs, as the spleen, pancreas, etc., and likewise in the vegetable kingdom. Chemically it is to be considered as amido-caproic acid. <-- now called "leucine", one of the essential amino acids (not synthesized by the human body, required component for proper nutrition). (CH3)2CH.CH2.CH(NH2)-COOH. L-leucine, the natural form, is present in most proteins. --> Leucite Leu"cite (?), n. [Gr.leucite.] 1. (Min.) A mineral having a glassy fracture, occurring in translucent trapezohedral crystals. It is a silicate of alumina and potash. It is found in the volcanic rocks of Italy, especially at Vesuvius. 2. (Bot.) A leucoplast. Leucitic Leu*cit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Containing leucite; as, leucitic rocks. Leucitoid Leu"ci*toid (?), n. [Leucite + -oid.] (Crystallog.) The trapezohedron or tetragonal trisoctahedron; -- so called as being the form of the mineral leucite. Leuco-, Leuc- Leu"co- (?), Leuc- (?).[Gr. A combining form signifying white, colorless; specif. (Chem.), denoting an extensive series of colorless organic compounds, obtained by reduction from certain other colored compounds; as, leucaniline, leucaurin, etc. Leucocyte Leu"co*cyte (?), n. [Leuco- + Cr. (Physiol.) A colorless corpuscle, as one of the white blood corpuscles, or those found in lymph, marrow of hone, connective tissue, etc. NOTE: &hand; Th ey al l consist of more or less spherical masses of protoplasm, without any surrounding membrane or wall, and are capable of motion. Leucocyth\'91mia, Leucocythemia Leu`co*cy*th\'91"mi*a, Leu`co*cy*the"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease in which the white corpuscles of the blood are largely increased in number, and there is enlargement of the spleen, or the lymphatic glands; leuch\'91mia. Leucocytogenesis Leu`co*cy`to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Leucocyte + genesis.] (Physiol.) The formation of leucocytes. Leucoethiopic Leu`co*e`thi*op"ic (?), a. [Leuco- + Ethiopic.] White and black; -- said of a white animal of a black species, or the albino of the negro race. Leucoethiops Leu`co*e"thi*ops (?), n. [Leuco- + Aethiops.] An albino. [Also written leuc\'d2thiops.] Leucoline Leu"co*line (?), n. [Leuc- + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous organic base from coal tar, and identical with quinoline. Cf. Quinoline. Leucoma Leu*co"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A white opacity in the cornea of the eye; -- called also albugo. Leucomaine Leu*co"ma*ine (?), n. [Leuco- + -maine, as in ptomaine.] (Physiol. Chem.) An animal base or alkaloid, appearing in the tissue during life; hence, a vital alkaloid, as distinguished from a ptomaine or cadaveric poison. Leuconic Leu*con"ic (?), a. [Leuc- + croconic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex organic acid, obtained as a yellowish white gum by the oxidation of croconic acid. Leucopathy Leu*cop"a*thy (?), n. [Leuco- + Gr. The state of an albino, or of a white child of black parents. Leucophane Leu"co*phane (?), n. [Gr. leukophan.] (Min.) A mineral of a greenish yellow color; it is a silicate of glucina, lime, and soda with fluorine. Called also leucophanite. Leucophlegmacy Leu`co*phleg"ma*cy (?), n. [Gr. leucophlegmasie.] (Med.) A dropsical habit of body, or the commencement of anasarca; paleness, with viscid juices and cold sweats. Leucophlegmatic Leu`co*phleg*mat"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. leucophlegmatique, Gr. Having a dropsical habit of body, with a white bloated skin. Leucophyll Leu"co*phyll (?), n. [Leuco- + Gr. (Chem.) A colorless substance isomeric with chlorophyll, contained in parts of plants capable of becoming green. Watts. Leucophyllous Leu*coph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having white or silvery foliage. Leucoplast, Leucoplastid Leu"co*plast (?), Leu`co*plas"tid (?), n. [Leuco- + Gr. (Bot.) One of certain very minute whitish or colorless granules occurring in the protoplasm of plants and supposed to be the nuclei around which starch granules will form. Leucopyrite Leu*cop"y*rite (?), n. [Leuco- + pyrites.] (Min.) A mineral of a color between white and steel-gray, with a metallic luster, and consisting chiefly of arsenic and iron. Leucorrh\'d2a Leu`cor*rh\'d2"a (?), n. [Leuco- + Gr. "rei^n to flow.] (Med.) A discharge of a white, yellowish, or greenish, viscid mucus, resulting from inflammation or irritation of the membrane lining the genital organs of the female; the whites.<-- leukorrhea, leukorrhagia --> Dunglison. Leucoryx Leu"co*ryx (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A large antelope of North Africa (Oryx leucoryx), allied to the gemsbok. Leucoscope Leu"co*scope (?), n. [Leuco- + -scope.] (Physics) An instrument, devised by Professor Helmholtz, for testing the color perception of the eye, or for comparing different lights, as to their constituent color or their relative whiteness. Leucosoid Leu"co*soid (?), a. [NL. Leucosia, the typical genus (fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the Leucosoidea, a tribe of marine crabs including the box crab or Calappa. Leucosphere Leu"co*sphere (?), n. [Leuco- + sphere.] (Astron.) The inner corona. [R.] Leucoturic Leu`co*tu"ric (?), a. [Leuco- + allantoic + uric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous organic substance of the uric acid group, called leucoturic acid or oxalantin. See Oxalantin. Leucous Leu"cous (?), a. [Gr. White; -- applied to albinos, from the whiteness of their skin and hair. Leucoxene Leu*cox"ene (?), n. [Leuco- + Gr. xe`nos stranger.] (Min.) A nearly opaque white mineral, in part identical with titanite, observed in some igneous rocks as the result of the alteration of titanic iron. Leuk\'91mia Leu*k\'91"mi*a (?), n. Leucocyth\'91mia. Leuke, a., Leukeness Leuke (?), a., Leuke"ness, n. See Luke, etc. Leucoplast Leu"co*plast (?), n. (Bot.) See Leucoplast. Levana Le*va"na (?), n. [L., fr. levare to raise.] (Rom. Myth.) A goddess who protected newborn infants. Levant Le"vant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of lever to raise.] (Law) Rising or having risen from rest; -- said of cattle. See Couchant and levant, under Couchant. Levant Le*vant" (?), n. [It. levante the point where the sum rises, the east, the Levant, fr.levare to raise, levarsi to rise: cf. F. levant. See Lever.] 1. The countries washed by the eastern part of the Mediterranean and its contiguous waters. 2. A levanter (the wind so called). Levant Le"vant (?), a. Eastern. [Obs.] Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds. Milton. Levant Le*vant" (?), v. i. [Cf. Sp. levantar to raise, go from one place to another.] To run away from one's debts; to decamp. [Colloq. Eng.] Thackeray. _________________________________________________________________ Page 846 Levanter Le*vant"er (?), n. [From Levant, v.] One who levants, or decamps. [Colloq. Eng.] Levanter Le*vant"er, n. [From Levant, n.] A strong easterly wind peculiar to the Mediterranean. W. H. Russell. Levantine Le*vant"ine (?), a. [F. levantin, or It. levantino. See Levant, n.] Of or pertaining to the Levant. J. Spencer. Levantine Le*vant"ine, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of the Levant. 2. [F. levantine, or It. levantina.] A stout twilled silk fabric, formerly made in the Levant. Levari facias Le*va`ri fa"ci*as (?). [Law L., cause to be levied.] A writ of execution at common law. Levation Le*va"tion (?), n. [L. levatio.] The act of raising; elevation; upward motion, as that produced by the action of a levator muscle. Levator Le*va"tor (?), n. [NL., fr. L. levare to raise. See Lever, n.] 1. (Anat.) A muscle that serves to raise some part, as the lip or the eyelid. 2. (Surg.) A surgical instrument used to raise a depressed part of the skull. Leve Leve (?), a. Dear. See Lief. [Obs.] Chaucer. Leve Leve, n. & v. Same as 3d & 4th Leave. [Obs.] Leve Leve, v. i. To live. [Obs.] Chaucer. Leve Leve, v. t. [OE., fr. AS. l, abbrev. fr. gel. See Believe.] To believe. [Obs.] Chaucer. Leve Leve, v. t. [OE. leven, AS. l, l. See Leave permission.] To grant; -- used esp. in exclamations or prayers followed by a dependent clause. [Obs.] God leve all be well. Chaucer. Levee Lev"ee (?), n. [F. lever, fr. lever to raise, se lever to rise. See Lever, n.] 1. The act of rising. " The sun's levee." Gray. 2. A morning assembly or reception of visitors, -- in distinction from a soir\'82e, or evening assembly; a matin\'82e; hence, also, any general or somewhat miscellaneous gathering of guests, whether in the daytime or evening; as, the president's levee. NOTE: &hand; In England a ceremonious day reception, when attended by both ladies and gentlemen, is called a drawing-room. Levee Lev"ee, v. t. To attend the levee or levees of. He levees all the great. Young. Levee Lev"ee, n. [F. lev\'82e, fr. lever to raise. See Lever, and cf. Levy.] An embankment to prevent inundation; as, the levees along the Mississippi; sometimes, the steep bank of a river. [U. S. ] Levee Lev"ee, v. t. To keep within a channel by means of levees; as, to levee a river. [U. S.] Lev\'82e en masse Le*v\'82e" en` masse" (?). [F.] See Levy in mass, under Levy, n. Leveful Leve"ful (?), a. [Leve, n. + -ful.] Allowable; permissible; lawful. [Obs.] Chaucer. Level Lev"el (?), n. [OE. level, livel, OF. livel, F. niveau, fr. L. libella level, water level, a plumb level, dim. of libra pound, measure for liquids, balance, water poise, level. Cf. Librate, Libella.] 1. A line or surface to which, at every point, a vertical or plumb line is perpendicular; a line or surface which is everywhere parallel to the surface of still water; -- this is the true level, and is a curve or surface in which all points are equally distant from the center of the earth, or rather would be so if the earth were an exact sphere. 2. A horizontal line or plane; that is, a straight line or a plane which is tangent to a true level at a given point and hence parallel to the horizon at that point; -- this is the apparent level at the given point. 3. An approximately horizontal line or surface at a certain degree of altitude, or distance from the center of the earth; as, to climb from the level of the coast to the l of the plateau and then descent to the level of the valley or of the sea. After draining of the level in Northamptonshire. Sir M. Hale. Shot from the deadly level of a gun. Shak. 4. Hence, figuratively, a certain position, rank, standard, degree, quality, character, etc., conceived of as in one of several planes of different elevation. Providence, for the most part, sets us on a level. Addison. Somebody there of his own level. Swift. Be the fair level of thy actions laid As temperance wills and prudence may persuade. Prior. 5. A uniform or average height; a normal plane or altitude; a condition conformable to natural law or which will secure a level surface; as, moving fluids seek a level. When merit shall find its level. F. W. Robertson. 6. (Mech. & Surv.) (a) An instrument by which to find a horizontal line, or adjust something with reference to a horizontal line. (b) A measurement of the difference of altitude of two points, by means of a level; as, to take a level. 7. A horizontal passage, drift, or adit, in mine. Air level, a spirit level. See Spirit level (below). -- Box level, a spirit level in which a glass-covered box is used instead of a tube. -- Garpenter's level, Mason's level, either the plumb level or a straight bar of wood, in which is imbedded a small spirit level. -- Level of the sea, the imaginary level from which heights and depths are calculated, taken at a mean distance between high and low water. -- Line of levels, a connected series of measurements, by means of a level, along a given line, as of a railroad, to ascertain the profile of the ground. -- Plumb level, one in which a horizontal bar is placed in true position by means of a plumb line, to which it is at right angles. -- Spirit level, one in which the adjustment to the horizon is shown by the position of a bubble in alcohol or ether contained in a nearly horizontal glass tube, or a circular box with a glass cover. -- Surveyor's level, a telescope, with a spirit level attached, and with suitable screws, etc., for accurate adjustment, the whole mounted on a tripod, for use in leveling; -- called also leveling instrument. -- Water level, an instrument to show the level by means the surface of water in a trough, or in upright tubes connected by a pipe. Level Lev"el (?), a. 1. Even; flat; having no part higher than another; having, or conforming to, the curvature which belongs to the undisturbed liquid parts of the earth's surface; as, a level field; level ground; the level surface of a pond or lake. Ample spaces o'er the smooth And level pavement. Milton. 2. Coinciding or parallel with the plane of the horizon; horizontal; as, the telescope is now level. 3. Even with anything else; of the same height; on the same line or plane; on the same footing; of equal importance; -- followed by with, sometimes by to. Young boys and girls Are level now with men; the odds is gone. Shak. Everything lies level to our wish. Shak. 4. Straightforward; direct; direct; clear; open. A very plain and level account. M. Arnold. 5. Well balanced; even; just; steady; impartial; as, a level head; a level understanding. [Colloq.] " A level consideration." Shak. 6. (Phonetics) Of even tone; without rising or falling inflection. H. Sweet. Level line (Shipbuilding), the outline of a section which is horizontal crosswise, and parallel with the rabbet of the keel lengthwise. Level surface (Physics), an equipotential surface at right angles at every point to the lines of force. Level Lev"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leveled (?) or Levelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Leveling or Levelling.] 1. To make level; to make horizontal; to bring to the condition of a level line or surface; hence, to make flat or even; as, to level a road, a walk, or a garden. 2. To bring to a lower level; to overthrow; to topple down; to reduce to a flat surface; to lower. And their proud structures level with the ground. Sandys. He levels mountains and he raises plains. Dryden. 3. To bring to a horizontal position, as a gun; hence, to point in taking aim; to aim; to direct. Bertram de Gordon, standing on the castle wall, leveled a quarrel out of a crossbow. Stow. 4. Figuratively, to bring to a common level or plane, in respect of rank, condition, character, privilege, etc.; as, to level all the ranks and conditions of men. 5. To adjust or adapt to a certain level; as, to level remarks to the capacity of children. For all his mind on honor fixed is, To which he levels all his purposes. Spenser. Level Lev"el, v. i. 1. To be level; to be on a level with, or on an equality with, something; hence, to accord; to agree; to suit. [Obs.] With such accommodation and besort As levels with her breeding. Shak. 2. To aim a gun, spear, etc., horizontally; hence, to aim or point a weapon in direct line with the mark; fig., to direct the eye, mind, or effort, directly to an object. The foeman may with as great aim level at the edge of a penknife. Shak. The glory of God and the good of his church . . . ought to be the mark whereat we also level. Hooker. She leveled at our purposes. Shak. Leveler Lev"el*er (?), n. [Written also leveller.] 1. One who, or that which, levels. 2. One who would remove social inequalities or distinctions; a socialist. Leveling Lev"el*ing, n. [Written also levelling.] 1. The act or operation of making level. 2. (Surveying) The art or operation of using a leveling instrument for finding a horizontal line, for ascertaining the differences of level between different points of the earth's surface included in a survey, for establishing grades, etc., as in finding the descent of a river, or locating a line of railroad. Leveling instrument. See Surveyor's level, under Level, n. -- Leveling staff, a graduated rod or staff used in connection with a leveling instrument for measuring differences of level between points. Levelism Lev"el*ism (?), n. The disposition or endeavor to level all distinctions of rank in society. Levelly Lev"el*ly, adv. In an even or level manner. Levelness Lev"el*ness, n. The state or quality of being level. Leven Lev"en (?), n. [See Levin.] Lightning. [Obs.] Wild thunder dint and fiery leven. Chaucer. Lever Lev"er (?), a. [Old compar. of leve or lief.] More agreeable; more pleasing. [Obs.] Chaucer. To be lever than. See Had as lief, under Had. Lever Lev"er, adv. Bather. [Obs.] Chaucer. For lever had I die than see his deadly face. Spenser. Lever Le"ver (?), n. [OE. levour, OF. leveor, prop., a lifter, fr. F. lever to raise, L. levare; akin to levis light in weight, E. levity, and perh. to E. light not heavy: cf. F. levier. Cf. Alleviate, Elevate, Leaven, Legerdemain, Levy, n.] 1. (Mech.) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; -- used for transmitting and modifying force and motion. Specif., a bar of metal, wood, or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P. respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures. 2. (Mach.) (a) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it. (b) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it. Compound lever, a machine consisting of two or more levers acting upon each other. -- Lever escapement. See Escapement. -- Lever jack. See Jack, n., 5. -- Lever watch, a watch having a vibrating lever to connect the action of the escape wheel with that of the balance. Universal lever, a machine formed by a combination of a lever with the wheel and axle, in such a manner as to convert the reciprocating motion of the lever into a continued rectilinear motion of some body to which the power is applied. Leverage Lev"er*age (?), n. The action of a lever; mechanical advantage gained by the lever. Leverage of a couple (Mech.), the perpendicular distance between the lines of action of two forces which act in parallel and opposite directions. -- Leverage of a force, the perpendicular distance from the line in which a force acts upon a body to a point about which the body may be supposed to turn. Leveret Lev"er*et (?), n. [F. levraut, dim. of li\'8avre hare, L. lepus. Cf. Leporine.] (Zo\'94l.) A hare in the first year of its age. Leverock Lev"er*ock (?), n. [See Lark.] A lark. [Scot.] Leverwood Lev"er*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The American hop hornbeam (Ostrya Virginica), a small tree with very tough wood. Levesel Lev"e*sel (?), n. [AS. le\'a0f a leaf + s\'91l, sel, a room, a hall.] A leafy shelter; a place covered with foliage. [Obs.] Behind the mill, under a levesel. Chaucer. Levet Lev"et (?), n. [Cf. F. lever to raise.] A trumpet call for rousing soldiers; a reveille. [Obs.] Hudibras. Leviable Lev"i*a*ble (?), a. [From Levy to assess.] Fit to be levied; capable of being assessed and collected; as, sums leviable by course of law. Bacon. Leviathan Le*vi"a*than (?), n. [Heb. livy\'beth\'ben.] 1. An aquatic animal, described in the book of Job, ch. xli., and mentioned on other passages of Scripture. NOTE: &hand; It is no t ce rtainly known what animal is intended, whether the crocodile, the whale, or some sort of serpent. 2. The whale, or a great whale. Milton. Levier Lev"i*er (?), n. One who levees. Cartwright. Levigable Lev"i*ga*ble (?) a. [See Levigate, v. t.] Capable of being levigated. Levigate Lev"i*gate (?), a. [L. levigatus, p. p. of levigare to lighten, fr. l light.] Made less harsh or burdensome; alleviated. [Obs.] Sir. T. Elyot. Levigate Lev"i*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Levigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Levigating.] [L. levigatus, p. p. of levigare to make smooth, fr. l smooth; akin to Gr. To make smooth in various senses: (a) To free from grit; to reduce to an impalpable powder or paste. (b) To mix thoroughly, as liquids or semiliquids. (c) To polish. (d) To make smooth in action. " When use hath levigated the organs." Barrow. (e) Technically, to make smooth by rubbing in a moist condition between hard surfaces, as in grinding pigments. Levigate Lev"i*gate (?), a. [L. levigatus, p. p.] Made smooth, as if polished. Levigation Lev"i*ga"tion (?), n. [L. levigatio a smoothing: cf. F. l\'82vigation.] The act or operation of levigating. Levin Lev"in (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain. Cf. Leven.] Lightning. [Obs.] Spenser. Levin brand, a thunderbolt. [Obs.] Spenser. Leviner Lev"in*er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A swift hound. Levir Le"vir (?), n. [L.] A husband's brother; -- used in reference to levirate marriages. Levirate, Leviratical Lev"i*rate (?), Lev`i*rat"ic*al (?), a. [L. levir a husband's brother, brother-in-law; akin to Gr. l\'82virat leviration.] Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with, a law of the ancient Israelites and other tribes and races, according to which a woman, whose husband died without issue, was married to the husband's brother. The firstborn son of a leviratical marriage was reckoned and registered as the son of the deceased brother. Alford. Leviration Lev`i*ra"tion (?), n. Levirate marriage or marriages. Kitto. Levirostres Lev`i*ros"tres (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. levis light + rostrum beak.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of birds, including the hornbills, kingfishers, and related forms. Levitate Lev"i*tate (?), v. i. [L. levitas, -atis, lightness. See Levity.] To rise, or tend to rise, as if lighter than the surrounding medium; to become buoyant; -- opposed to gravitate. Sir. J. Herschel. Levitate Lev"i*tate, v. i. (Spiritualism) To make buoyant; to cause to float in the air; as, to levitate a table. [Cant] Levitation Lev`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. levis light in weight.] 1. Lightness; buoyancy; act of making light. Paley. 2. The act or process of making buoyant. Levite Le"vite (?), n. [L. Levites, Gr. Levi, one of the sons of Jacob.] 1. (Bib. Hist.) One of the tribe or family of Levi; a descendant of Levi; esp., one subordinate to the priests (who were of the same tribe) and employed in various duties connected with the tabernacle first, and afterward the temple, such as the care of the building, bringing of wood and other necessaries for the sacrifices, the music of the services, etc. 2. A priest; so called in contempt or ridicule. _________________________________________________________________ Page 847 Levitical Le*vit"ic*al (?), a. [L. Leviticus, Gr. 1. Of or pertaining to a Levite or the Levites. 2. Priestly. " Levitical questions." Milton. 3. Of or pertaining to, or designating, the law contained in the book of Leviticus. Ayliffe. Levitical degrees, degrees of relationship named in Leviticus, within which marriage is forbidden. Levitically Le*vit"ic*al*ly, adv. After the manner of the Levites; in accordance with the levitical law. Leviticus Le*vit"i*cus (?), n. [See Levitical.] The third canonical book of the Old Testament, containing the laws and regulations relating to the priests and Levites among the Hebrews, or the body of the ceremonial law. Levity Lev"i*ty (?), n. [L. levitas, fr. levis light in weight; akin to levare to raise. See Lever, n.] 1. The quality of weighing less than something else of equal bulk; relative lightness, especially as shown by rising through, or floating upon, a contiguous substance; buoyancy; -- opposed to gravity. He gave the form of levity to that which ascended; to that which descended, the form of gravity. Sir. W. Raleigh. This bubble by reason of its comparative levity to the fluidity that incloses it, would ascend to the top. Bentley. 2. Lack of gravity and earnestness in deportment or character; trifling gayety; frivolity; sportiveness; vanity. " A spirit of levity and libertinism." Atterbury. He never employed his omnipotence out of levity. Calamy. 3. Lack of steadiness or constancy; disposition to change; fickleness; volatility. The levity that is fatigued and disgusted with everything of which it is in possession. Burke. Syn. -- Inconstancy; thoughtlessness; unsteadiness; inconsideration; volatility; flightiness. -- Levity, Volatility, Flightiness. All these words relate to outward conduct. Levity springs from a lightness of mind which produces a disregard of the proprieties of time and place.Volatility is a degree of levity which causes the thoughts to fly from one object to another, without resting on any for a moment. Flightiness is volatility carried to an extreme which often betrays its subject into gross impropriety or weakness. Levity of deportment, of conduct, of remark; volatility of temper, of spirits; flightiness of mind or disposition. Levo- Le"vo- (?). A prefix from L. laevus, meaning: (a) Pertaining to, or toward, the left; as, levorotatory. (b) (Chem. & Opt.) Turning the plane of polarized light to the left; as, levotartaric acid; levoracemic acid; levogyratory crystals, etc. [Written also l\'91vo-.] Levogyrate Le`vo*gy"rate (?), a. [Levo- + gyrate.] (Chem. & Physics) Turning or twisting the plane of polarization towards the left, as levulose, levotartaric acid, etc. [Written also l\'91vogyrate.] Levorotatory Le`vo*ro"ta*to*ry (?), a. [Levo- + rotatory.] (Chem. & Physics) Turning or rotating the plane of polarization towards the left; levogyrate, as levulose, left handed quartz crystals, etc. [Written also l\'91vorotatory.] Levulin Lev"u*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance resembling dextrin, obtained from the bulbs of the dahlia, the artichoke, and other sources, as a colorless, spongy, amorphous material. It is so called because by decomposition it yields levulose. [Written also l\'91vulin.] Levulinic Lev`u*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid (called also acetyl-propionic acid), C5H8O3, obtained by the action of dilute acids on various sugars (as levulose). [Written also l\'91vulinic.] Levulosan Lev`u*lo"san (?), n. (Chem.) An unfermentable carbohydrate obtained by gently heating levulose. Levulose Lev"u*lose` (?), n. [See Levo-.] (Chem.) A sirupy variety of sugar, rarely obtained crystallized, occurring widely in honey, ripe fruits, etc., and hence called also fruit sugar. It is called levulose, because it rotates the plane of polarization to the left. [Written also l\'91vulose.]<-- also called fructose: C6H12O6> NOTE: &hand; It is ob tained, to gether with an equal quantity of dextrose, by the inversion of ordinary cane or beet sugar, and hence, as being an ingredient of invert sugar, is often so called. It is fermentable, nearly as sweet as cane sugar, and is metameric with dextrose. Cf. Dextrose. Levy Lev"y (?), n.; pl. Levies (#). [A contr. of elevenpence or elevenpenny bit.] A name formerly given in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia to the Spanish real of one eight of a dollar (or 12 cents), valued at eleven pence when the dollar was rated at 7s. 6d. Levy Lev"y, n. [F. lev\'82e, fr. lever to raise. See Lever, and cf. Lever.] 1. The act of levying or collecting by authority; as, the levy of troops, taxes, etc. A levy of all the men left under sixty. Thirlwall. 2. That which is levied, as an army, force, tribute, etc. " The Irish levies." Macaulay. 3. (Law) The taking or seizure of property on executions to satisfy judgments, or on warrants for the collection of taxes; a collecting by execution. Levy in mass [F. lev\'82e en masse], a requisition of all able-bodied men for military service. Levy Lev"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Levied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Levying.] 1. To raise, as a siege. [Obs.] Holland. 2. To raise; to collect; said of troops, to form into an army by enrollment, conscription. etc. Augustine . . . inflamed Ethelbert, king of Kent, to levy his power, and to war against them. Fuller. 3. To raise or collect by assessment; to exact by authority; as, to levy taxes, toll, tribute, or contributions. If they do this . . . my ransom, then, Will soon be levied. Shak. 4. (Law) (a) To gather or exact; as, to levy money. (b) To erect, build, or set up; to make or construct; to raise or cast up; as, to levy a mill, dike, ditch, a nuisance, etc. [Obs.] Cowell. Blackstone. (c) To take or seize on execution; to collect by execution. To levy a fine, to commence and carry on a suit for assuring the title to lands or tenements. Blackstone. -- To levy war, to make or begin war; to take arms for attack; to attack. Levy Lev"y, v. i. To seize property, real or personal, or subject it to the operation of an execution; to make a levy; as, to levy on property; the usual mode of levying, in England, is by seizing the goods. To levy on goods and chattels, to take into custody or seize specific property in satisfaction of a writ. Levyne, Levynite Lev"yne (?), Lev"yn*ite (?), n. [From Mr. Levy, an English mineralogist.] (Min.) A whitish, reddish, or yellowish, transparent or translucent mineral, allied to chabazite. Lew Lew (?), a. [Cf. lee a calm or sheltered place, lukewarm.] Lukewarm; tepid. [Obs.] Wyclif. Lewd Lewd (?), a. [Compar. Lewder (?); superl. Lewdest.] [OE.lewed, lewd, lay, ignorant, vile, AS. l laical, belonging to the laity.] 1. Not clerical; laic; laical; hence, unlearned; simple. [Obs.] For if priest be foul, on whom we trust, No wonder is a lewed man to rust. Chaucer. So these great clerks their little wisdom show To mock the lewd, as learn'd in this as they. Sit. J. Davies. 2. Belonging to the lower classes, or the rabble; idle and lawless; bad; vicious. [Archaic] Chaucer. But the Jews, which believed not, . . . took unto them certain lewd fellows of the baser sort, . . . and assaulted the house of Jason. Acts xvii. 5. Too lewd to work, and ready for any kind of mischief. Southey . 3. Given to the promiscuous indulgence of lust; dissolute; lustful; libidinous. Dryden. 4. Suiting, or proceeding from, lustfulness; involving unlawful sexual desire; as, lewd thoughts, conduct, or language. Syn. -- Lustful; libidinous; licentious; profligate; dissolute; sensual; unchaste; impure; lascivious; lecherous; rakish; debauched. -- Lewd"ly, adv. -- Lewd"ness, n. Lewdster Lewd"ster (?), n. A lewd person. [Obs.] Shak. Lewis, Lewisson Lew"is (?), Lew"is*son (?), n. 1. An iron dovetailed tenon, made in sections, which can be fitted into a dovetail mortise; -- used in hoisting large stones, etc. 2. A kind of shears used in cropping woolen cloth. Lewis hole, a hole wider at the bottom than at the mouth, into which a lewis is fitted. De Foe. <-- Lewis acid (Chem) A compound without dissociable hydrogen which acts as an acid (bonding with Lewis bases) in chemical reaction. --> Lex Lex (?), n.; pl. Leges (#). [L. See Legal.] Law; as, lex talionis, the law of retaliation; lex terr\'91, the law of the land; lex fori, the law of the forum or court; lex loci, the law of the place; lex mercatoria, the law or custom of merchants. Lexical Lex"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a lexicon, to lexicography, or words; according or conforming to a lexicon. -- Lex"ic*al*ly, adv. Lexicographer Lex`i*cog"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. lexicographe. See Lexicon.] The author or compiler of a lexicon or dictionary. Every other author may aspire to praise; the lexicographer can only hope to escape reproach; and even this negative recompense has been yet granted to very few. Johnson. Lexicographic, Lexicographical Lex`i*co*graph"ic (?), Lex`i*co*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. lexicographique.] Of or pertaining to, or according to, lexicography. -- Lex`i*co*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Lexicographist Lex`i*cog"ra*phist (?), n. A lexicographer. [R.] Southey. Lexicography Lex`i*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. lexicographie.] The art, process, or occupation of making a lexicon or dictionary; the principles which are applied in making dictionaries. Lexicologist Lex`i*col"o*gist (?), n. One versed in lexicology. Lexicology Lex`i*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. lexicologie.] The science of the derivation and signification of words; that branch of learning which treats of the signification and application of words. Lexicon Lex"i*con (?), n. [Gr. Legend.] A vocabulary, or book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a language or of a considerable number of them, with the definition of each; a dictionary; especially, a dictionary of the Greek, Hebrew, or Latin language. <-- also, a dictionary for use in computational linguistics --> Lexiconist Lex"i*con*ist, n. A writer of a lexicon. [R.] Lexigraphic Lex`i*graph"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. lexigraphique.] Of or pertaining to lexigraphy. Lexigraphy Lex*ig"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. lexigraphie.] The art or practice of defining words; definition of words. Lexiphanic Lex`i*phan"ic (?), a. [Gr. Using, or interlarded with, pretentious words; bombastic; as, a lexiphanic writer or speaker; lexiphanic writing. Lexiphanicism Lex`i*phan"i*cism (?), n. The use of pretentious words, language, or style. Lexipharmic Lex`i*phar"mic (?), a. See Alexipharmic. Ley Ley (?), v. i., & i. To lay; to wager. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ley Ley, n. [OF.] Law. Abbott. Ley Ley (?), n. [Obs.] See Lye. Ley Ley (?), n. Grass or meadow land; a lea. Ley Ley, a. Fallow; unseeded. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Leyden jar, Leyden phial Ley"den jar" (?), Ley"den phi"al (?), (Elec.) A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate electricity. It is coated with tin foil, within and without, nearly to its top, and is surmounted by a brass knob which communicates with the inner coating, for the purpose of charging it with electricity. It is so named from having been invented in Leyden, Holland. Leyser Ley"ser (?), n. Leisure. [Obs.] Chaucer. Leze majesty Leze` maj"es*ty (?). [F. lese-majest\'82, fr. L. laesus, fem. laesa, injured (see Lesion) + majestas majesty; that is, crimen laesae majestatis.] [Written also lese majesty.] (Law) Any crime committed against the sovereign power. <-- now usually lese or l\'8ase . also (2) any affront to dignity --> Lherzolite Lher"zo*lite (?), n. [From Lherz, a place in the Pyrenees + -lite.] (Min.) An igneous rock consisting largely of chrysolite, with pyroxene and picotite (a variety of spinel containing chromium). Li Li (?), n. 1. Chinese measure of distance, being a little more that one third of a mile. 2. A Chinese copper coin; a cash. See Cash. Liability Li`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Liabilities (. 1. The state of being liable; as, the liability of an insurer; liability to accidents; liability to the law. 2. That which one is under obligation to pay, or for which one is liable. Specifically, in the pl., the sum of one's pecuniary obligations; -- opposed to assets. Limited liability. See Limited company, under Limited. Liable Li"a*ble (?), a. [From F. lier to bind, L. ligare. Cf. Ally, v. t., Ligature.] 1. Bound or obliged in law or equity; responsible; answerable; as, the surety is liable for the debt of his principal. 2. Exposed to a certain contingency or casualty, more or less probable; -- with to and an infinitive or noun; as, liable to slip; liable to accident. Syn. -- Accountable; responsible; answerable; bound; subject; obnoxious; exposed. -- Liable, Subject. Liable refers to a future possible or probable happening which may not actually occur; as, horses are liable to slip; even the sagacious are liable to make mistakes. Subject refers to any actual state or condition belonging to the nature or circumstances of the person or thing spoken of, or to that which often befalls one. One whose father was subject to attacks of the gout is himself liable to have that disease. Men are constantly subject to the law, but liable to suffer by its infraction. Proudly secure, yet liable to fall. Milton. All human things are subject to decay. Dryden. Liableness Li"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being liable; liability. Liage Li"age (?), n. [Cf. OF. liage a bond. See Liable.] Union by league; alliance. [Obs.] Lialson Li`al`son" (?), n. [F., fr. L. ligatio, fr. ligare to bind. See Ligature, and cf. Ligation.] A union, or bond of union; an intimacy; especially, an illicit intimacy between a man and a woman. Liane, Liana Li*ane" (?), Li*a"na (?), n. [F. liane; prob. akin to lien a band, fr. L. ligamen, fr. ligare to bind. Cf. Lien, n. ] (Bot.) A luxuriant woody plant, climbing high trees and having ropelike stems. The grapevine often has the habit of a liane. Lianes are abundant in the forests of the Amazon region. Liar Li"ar (?), n. [OE. liere. See Lie to falsify.] A person who knowingly utters falsehood; one who lies. Liard Li"ard (?), a. [OF. liart, LL. liardus gray, dappie.] Gray. [Obs.] Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Used by Chaucer as an epithet of a gray or dapple gray horse. Also used as a name for such a horse. Liard Liard (?), n. [F.] A French copper coin of one fourth the value of a sou. Lias Li"as (?), n. [Cf. F. lias, fr. liais sort of limestone, OF. also liois; perh. of Celtic origin, cf. Armor. liach, leach, a stone, Gael. leac, W. llech. Cf. Cromlech.] (Geol.) The lowest of the three divisions of the Jurassic period; a name given in England and Europe to a series of marine limestones underlying the O\'94lite. See the Chart of Geology. Liassic Li*as"sic (?), a. (Geol.) Of the age of the Lias; pertaining to the Lias Formation. -- n. Same as Lias. Lib Lib (?), v. i. [Cf. Glib to geld.] To castrate. [Obs.] Libament Lib"a*ment (?), n. [L. libamentum.] Libation. [Obs.] Holland. Libant Li"bant (?), a. [L. libans, p. pr. of libare to taste, touch.] Sipping; touching lightly. [R.] Landor. Libation Li*ba"tion (?), n. [L. libatio, fr. libare to take a little from anything, to taste, to pour out as an offering: cf. F. libation.] The act of pouring a liquid or liquor, usually wine, either on the ground or on a victim in sacrifice, in honor of some deity; also, the wine or liquid thus poured out. Dryden. A heathen sacrifice or libation to the earth. Bacon. Libatory Li"ba*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to libation. Libbard Lib"bard (?), n. [See Leopard.] A leopard. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser. Keats. Libbard's bane Lib"bard's bane` (?). Leopard's bane. [Obs.] Libel Li"bel (?), n. [L. libellus a little book, pamphlet, libel, lampoon, dim. of liber the liber or inner bark of a tree; also (because the ancients wrote on this bark), paper, parchment, or a roll of any material used to write upon, and hence, a book or treatise: cf. F. libelle.] 1. A brief writing of any kind, esp. a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer. A libel of forsaking [divorcement]. Wyclif (Matt. v. 31). 2. Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire. 3. (Law) A malicious publication expressed either in print or in writing, or by pictures, effigies, or other signs, tending to expose another to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule. Such publication is indictable at common law. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm, in a mo re ex tended sense, includes the publication of such writings, pictures, and the like, as are of a blasphemous, treasonable, seditious, or obscene character. These also are indictable at common law. 4. (Law) The crime of issuing a malicious defamatory publication. 5. (Civil Law & Courts of Admiralty) A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of his cause of action, and of the relief he seeks. Libel Li"bel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liebeled (?) or Libelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Libeling or Libelling.] 1. To defame, or expose to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule, by a writing, picture, sign, etc.; to lampoon. Some wicked wits have libeled all the fair. Pope. _________________________________________________________________ Page 848 2. (Law) To proceed against by filing a libel, particularly against a ship or goods. Libel Li"bel (?), v. i. To spread defamation, written or printed; -- with against. [Obs.] What's this but libeling against the senate? Shak. [He] libels now 'gainst each great man. Donne. Libelant Li"bel*ant (?), n. One who libels; one who institutes a suit in an ecclesiastical or admiralty court. [Written also libellant.] Cranch. Libeler Li"bel*er (?), n. One who libels. [Written also libeller.] " Libelers of others." Buckkminster. Libelist Li"bel*ist (?), n. A libeler. Li bella Li *bel"la (?), n. [L., dim. of libra balance. See Level, n.] 1. A small balance. 2. A level, or leveling instrument. Libellulid Li*bel"lu*lid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A dragon fly. Libelluloid Li*bel"lu*loid (?), a. [NL. Libellula, the name of the typical genus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the dragon fi Libelous Li"bel*ous (?), a. Containing or involving a libel; defamatory; containing that which exposes some person to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule; as, a libelous pamphlet. [Written also libellous.] -- Li"bel*ous*ly, adv. Liber Li"ber (?), n. [L. See Libel.] (Bot.) The inner bark of plants, lying next to the wood. It usually contains a large proportion of woody, fibrous cells, and is, therefore, the part from which the fiber of the plant is obtained, as that of hemp, etc. Liber cells, elongated woody cells found in the liber. Liberal Lib"er*al (?), a. [F. lib\'82ral, L. liberalis, from liber free; perh. akin to libet, lubet,it pleases, E. lief. Cf. Deliver.] 1. Free by birth; hence, befitting a freeman or gentleman; refined; noble; independent; free; not servile or mean; as, a liberal ancestry; a liberal spirit; liberal arts or studies. " Liberal education." Macaulay. " A liberal tongue." Shak. 2. Bestowing in a large and noble way, as a freeman; generous; bounteous; open-handed; as, a liberal giver. " Liberal of praise." Bacon. Infinitely good, and of his good As liberal and free as infinite. Milton. 3. Bestowed in a large way; hence, more than sufficient; abundant; bountiful; ample; profuse; as, a liberal gift; a liberal discharge of matter or of water. His wealth doth warrant a liberal dower. Shak. 4. Not strict or rigorous; not confined or restricted to the literal sense; free; as, a liberal translation of a classic, or a liberal construction of law or of language. 5. Not narrow or contracted in mind; not selfish; enlarged in spirit; catholic. 6. Free to excess; regardless of law or moral restraint; licentious. " Most like a liberal villain." Shak. 7. Not bound by orthodox tenets or established forms in political or religious philosophy; independent in opinion; not conservative; friendly to great freedom in the constitution or administration of government; having tendency toward democratic or republican, as distinguished from monarchical or aristocratic, forms; as, liberal thinkers; liberal Christians; the Liberal party. I confess I see nothing liberal in this " order of thoughts," as Hobbes elsewhere expresses it. Hazlitt. NOTE: &hand; Li beral ha s of , so metimes wi th, be fore the thing bestowed, in before a word signifying action, and to before a person or object on which anything is bestowed; as, to be liberal of praise or censure; liberal with money; liberal in giving; liberal to the poor. The liberal arts. See under Art. -- Liberal education, education that enlarges and disciplines the mind and makes it master of its own powers, irrespective of the particular business or profession one may follow. Syn. -- Generous; bountiful; munificent; beneficent; ample; large; profuse; free. -- Liberal, Generous. Liberal is freeborn, and generous is highborn. The former is opposed to the ordinary feelings of a servile state, and implies largeness of spirit in giving, judging, acting, etc. The latter expresses that nobleness of soul which is peculiarly appropriate to those of high rank, -- a spirit that goes out of self, and finds its enjoyment in consulting the feelings and happiness of others. Generosity is measured by the extent of the sacrifices it makes; liberality, by the warmth of feeling which it manifests. Liberal Lib"er*al, n. One who favors greater freedom in political or religious matters; an opponent of the established systems; a reformer; in English politics, a member of the Liberal party, so called. Cf. Whig. Liberalism Lib"er*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. lib\'82ralisme.] Liberal principles; the principles and methods of the liberals in politics or religion; specifically, the principles of the Liberal party. Liberalist Lib"er*al*ist, n. A liberal. Liberalistic Lib`er*al*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, liberalism; as, liberalistic opinions. Liberality Lib`er*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Liberalities (#). [L. liberalitas: cf. F. lib\'82ralit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being liberal; liberal disposition or practice; freedom from narrowness or prejudice; generosity; candor; charity. That liberality is but cast away Which makes us borrow what we can not pay. Denham. 2. A gift; a gratuity; -- sometimes in the plural; as, a prudent man is not impoverished by his liberalities. Liberalization Lib`er*al*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of liberalizing. Liberalize Lib"er*al*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Liberalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Liberalizing (?).] [Cf. F. lib\'82raliser.] To make liberal; to free from narrow views or prejudices. To open and to liberalize the mind. Burke. Liberalizer Lib"er*al*i`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, liberalizes. Emerson. Liberally Lib"er*al*ly, adv. In a liberal manner. Liberate Lib"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liberated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Liberating (?).] [L. liberatus, p. p. of liberare to free, fr. liber free. See Liberal, a., and cf. Deliver.] To release from restraint or bondage; to set at liberty; to free; to manumit; to disengage; as, to liberate a slave or prisoner; to liberate the mind from prejudice; to liberate gases. Syn. -- To deliver; free; release. See Deliver. Liberation Lib`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. liberatio: cf. F. lib\'82ration. Cf. Livraison.] The act of liberating or the state of being liberated. This mode of analysis requires perfect liberation from all prejudged system. Pownall. Liberator Lib"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, liberates; a deliverer. Liberatory Lib"er*a*to*ry (?), a. Tending, or serving, to liberate. [R.] Libertarian Lib`er*ta"ri*an (?), a. [See Liberty.] Pertaining to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity. Libertarian Lib`er*ta"ri*an, n. One who holds to the doctrine of free will. Libertarianism Lib`er*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. Libertarian principles or doctrines. Liberticide Lib"er*ti*cide (?), n. [L. libertas liberty + caedere to kill: cf. (for sense 2) F. liberticide.] 1. The destruction of civil liberty. 2. A destroyer of civil liberty. B. F. Wade. Libertinage Lib"er*tin*age (?) n. [Cf. F. libertinage. See Libertine.] Libertinism; license. [R.] Libertine Lib"er*tine (?), n. [L. libertinus freedman, from libertus one made free, fr. liber free: cf. F. libertin. See Liberal.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A manumitted slave; a freedman; also, the son of a freedman. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Anabaptists, in the fifteenth and early part of the sixteenth century, who rejected many of the customs and decencies of life, and advocated a community of goods and of women. 3. One free from restraint; one who acts according to his impulses and desires; now, specifically, one who gives rein to lust; a rake; a debauchee. Like a puffed and reckless libertine, Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads. Shak. 4. A defamatory name for a freethinker. [Obsoles.] Libertine Lib"er*tine, a. [L. libertinus of a freedman: cf. F. libertin. See Libertine, n. ] 1. Free from restraint; uncontrolled. [Obs.] You are too much libertine. Beau. & Fl. 2. Dissolute; licentious; profligate; loose in morals; as, libertine principles or manners. Bacon. Libertinism Lib"er*tin*ism (?), n. 1. The state of a libertine or freedman. [R.] Hammond. 2. Licentious conduct; debauchery; lewdness. 3. Licentiousness of principle or opinion. That spirit of religion and seriousness vanished all at once, and a spirit of liberty and libertinism, of infidelity and profaneness, started up in the room of it. Atterbury. Liberty Lib"er*ty (?), n.; pl. Liberties (. [OE. liberte, F. libert\'82, fr. L. libertas, fr. liber free. See Liberal.] 1. The state of a free person; exemption from subjection to the will of another claiming ownership of the person or services; freedom; -- opposed to slavery, serfdom, bondage, or subjection. But ye . . . caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid whom he had set at liberty at their pleasure, to return, and brought them into subjection. Jer. xxxiv. 16. Delivered fro the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. Bible, 1551. Rom. viii. 21. 2. Freedom from imprisonment, bonds, or other restraint upon locomotion. Being pent from liberty, as I am now. Shak. 3. A privilege conferred by a superior power; permission granted; leave; as, liberty given to a child to play, or to a witness to leave a court, and the like. 4. Privilege; exemption; franchise; immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant; as, the liberties of the commercial cities of Europe. His majesty gave not an entire county to any; much less did he grant . . . any extraordinary liberties. Sir J. Davies. 5. The place within which certain immunities are enjoyed, or jurisdiction is exercised. [Eng.] Brought forth into some public or open place within the liberty of the city, and there . . . burned. Fuller. 6. A certain amount of freedom; permission to go freely within certain limits; also, the place or limits within which such freedom is exercised; as, the liberties of a prison. 7. A privilege or license in violation of the laws of etiquette or propriety; as, to permit, or take, a liberty. He was repeatedly provoked into striking those who had taken liberties with him. Macaulay. 8. The power of choice; freedom from necessity; freedom from compulsion or constraint in willing. The idea of liberty is the idea of a power in any agent to do or forbear any particular action, according to the determination or thought of the mind, whereby either of them is preferred to the other. Locke. This liberty of judgment did not of necessity lead to lawlessness. J. A. Symonds. 9. (Manege) A curve or arch in a bit to afford room for the tongue of the horse. 10. (Naut.) Leave of absence; permission to go on shore. At liberty. (a) Unconfined; free. (b) At leisure. -- Civil liberty, exemption from arbitrary interference with person, opinion, or property, on the part of the government under which one lives, and freedom to take part in modifying that government or its laws. -- Liberty bell. See under Bell. -- Liberty cap. (a) The Roman pileus which was given to a slave at his manumission. (b) A limp, close-fitting cap with which the head of representations of the goddess of liberty is often decked. It is sometimes represented on a spear or a liberty pole. -- Liberty of the press, freedom to print and publish without official supervision. Liberty party, the party, in the American Revolution, which favored independence of England; in more recent usage, a party which favored the emancipation of the slaves. -- Liberty pole, a tall flagstaff planted in the ground, often surmounted by a liberty cap. [U. S.] -- Moral liberty, that liberty of choice which is essential to moral responsibility. -- Religious liberty, freedom of religious opinion and worship. Syn. -- Leave; permission; license. -- Liberty, Freedom. These words, though often interchanged, are distinct in some of of their applications. Liberty has reference to previous restraint; freedom, to the simple, unrepressed exercise of our powers. A slave is set at liberty; his master had always been in a state of freedom. A prisoner under trial may ask liberty (exemption from restraint) to speak his sentiments with freedom (the spontaneous and bold utterance of his feelings), The liberty of the press is our great security for freedom of thought. Libethenite Li*beth"en*ite (?), n. [From Libethen, in Hungary, where it was first found.] (Min.) A mineral of an olive-green color, commonly in orthorhombic crystals. It is a hydrous phosphate of copper. Libidinist Li*bid"i*nist (?), n. [See Libidinous.] One given to lewdness. Libidinosity Li*bid`i*nos"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being libidinous; libidinousness. Skelton. Libidinous Li*bid"i*nous (?), a. [L. libidinosus, fr. libido, libidinis, pleasure, desire, lust, fr. libet, lubet, it pleases: cf. F. libidineux. See Lief.] Having lustful desires; characterized by lewdness; sensual; lascivious. -- Li*bid"i*nous*ly, adv. -- Li*bid"i*nous*ness, n. Syn. -- Lewd; lustful; lascivious; unchaste; impure; sensual; licentious; lecherous; salacious. Libken, Libkin Lib"ken (?), Lib"kin (?), n. [AS. libban, F. live, v. i. + -kin.] A house or lodging. [Old Slang] B. Jonson. Libra Li"bra (?), n.; pl. Libr\'91 (#). [L., a balance.] (Astron.) (a) The Balance; the seventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox in September, marked thus &libra; in almanacs, etc. (b ) A southern constellation between Virgo and Scorpio. Libral Li"bral (?), a. [L. libralis, fr. libra the Roman pound.] Of a pound weight. [Obs.] Johnson. Librarian Li*bra"ri*an, n. [See Library.] 1. One who has the care or charge of a library. 2. One who copies manuscript books. [Obs.] Broome. Librarianship Li*bra"ri*an*ship, n. The office of a librarian. Library Li"bra*ry (?), n.; pl. Libraries (#). [OE. librairie, F. librairie bookseller's shop, book trade, formerly, a library, fr. libraire bookseller, L. librarius, from liber book; cf. libraria bookseller's shop, librarium bookcase, It. libreria. See Libel.] 1. A considerable collection of books kept for use, and not as merchandise; as, a private library; a public library. 2. A building or apartment appropriated for holding such a collection of books. Holland. Librate Li"brate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Librated p. pr. & & vb. n. Librating.] [L. libratus, p. p. of librare to balance, to make even, fr. libra.Cf. Level, Deliberate, Equilibrium.] To vibrate as a balance does before resting in equilibrium; hence, to be poised. Their parts all liberate on too nice a beam. Clifton. Librate Li"brate, v. i. To poise; to balance. Libration Li*bra"tion (?), n. [L. libratio: cf. F. libration.] 1. The act or state of librating. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Astron.) A real or apparent libratory motion, like that of a balance before coming to rest. Libration of the moon, any one of those small periodical changes in the position of the moon's surface relatively to the earth, in consequence of which narrow portions at opposite limbs become visible or invisible alternately. It receives different names according to the manner in which it takes place; as: (a) Libration in longitude, that which, depending on the place of the moon in its elliptic orbit, causes small portions near the eastern and western borders alternately to appear and disappear each month. (b) Libration in latitude, that which depends on the varying position of the moon's axis in respect to the spectator, causing the alternate appearance and disappearance of either pole. (c) Diurnal or parallactic libration, that which brings into view on the upper limb, at rising and setting, some parts not in the average visible hemisphere. Libratory Li"bra*to*ry (?), a. Balancing; moving like a balance, as it tends to an equipoise or level. Librettist Li*bret"tist (?), n. One who makes a libretto. Libretto Li*bret"to (?), n.; pl. E. Librettos (#), It. Libretti (#). [It., dim. of libro book, L. liber. See Libel.] (Mus.) (a) A book containing the words of an opera or extended piece of music. (b) The words themselves. Libriform Li"bri*form (?), a. [Liber + -form.] (Bot.) Having the form of liber, or resembling liber. Libriform cells, peculiar wood cells which are very slender and relatively thick-walled, and occasionally are furnished with bordered pits. Goodale. Libyan Lib"y*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Libya, the ancient name of that part of Africa between Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean, or of Africa as a whole. Lice Lice (?), n.; pl. of Louse. Licensable Li"cens*a*ble (?), a. That can be licensed. License Li"cense (?), n. [Written also licence.] [F. licence, L. licentia, fr. licere to be permitted, prob. orig., to be left free to one; akin to linquere to leave. See Loan, and cf. Illicit, Leisure.] 1. Authority or liberty given to do or forbear any act; especially, a formal permission from the proper authorities to perform certain acts or to carry on a certain business, which without such permission would be illegal; a grant of permission; as, a license to preach, to practice medicine, to sell gunpowder or intoxicating liquors. To have a license and a leave at London to dwell. P. Plowman. 2. The document granting such permission. Addison. 3. Excess of liberty; freedom abused, or used in contempt of law or decorum; disregard of law or propriety. License they mean when they cry liberty. Milton. 4. That deviation from strict fact, form, or rule, in which an artist or writer indulges, assuming that it will be permitted for the sake of the advantage or effect gained; as, poetic license; grammatical license, etc. Syn. -- Leave; liberty; permission. _________________________________________________________________ Page 849 License Li"cense (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Licensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Licensing.] To permit or authorize by license; to give license to; as, to license a man to preach. Milton. Shak. Licensed Li"censed (?), a. Having a license; permitted or authorized by license; as, a licensed victualer; a licensed traffic. Licensed victualer, one who has a license to keep an in or eating house; esp., a victualer who has a license to sell intoxicating liquors. Licensee Li`cen*see" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a license is given. Licenser Li"cens*er (?), n. One who gives a license; as, a licenser of the press. Licensure Li"cen*sure (?), n. A licensing. [R.] Licentiate Li*cen"ti*ate (?), n. [LL. licentiatus, fr. licentiare to allow to do anything, fr. L. licentia license. See License, n.] 1. One who has a license to exercise a profession; as, a licentiate in medicine or theology. The college of physicians, in July, 1687, published an edict, requiring all the fellows, candidates, and licentiates, to give gratuitous advice to the neighboring poor. Johnson. 2. A friar authorized to receive confessions and grant absolution in all places, independently of the local clergy. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. One who acts without restraint, or takes a liberty, as if having a license therefor. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 4. On the continent of Europe, a university degree intermediate between that of bachelor and that of doctor. Licentiate Li*cen"ti*ate (?), v. t. To give a license to. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Licentious Li*cen"tious (?), a. [L. licentiosus: cf. F. licencieux. See License.] 1. Characterized by license; passing due bounds; excessive; abusive of freedom; wantonly offensive; as, a licentious press. A wit that no licentious pertness knows. Savage. 2. Unrestrained by law or morality; lawless; immoral; dissolute; lewd; lascivious; as, a licentious man; a licentious life. "Licentious wickedness." Shak. Syn. -- Unrestrained; uncurbed; uncontrolled; unruly; riotous; ungovernable; wanton; profligate; dissolute; lax; loose; sensual; impure; unchaste; lascivious; immoral. -- Li*cen"tious*ly, adv. -- Li*cen"tious*ness, n. Lich Lich (?), a. Like. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Lich Lich (?), n. [AS.l\'c6c body. See Like, a.] A dead body; a corpse. [Obs.] Lich fowl (Zo\'94l.), the European goatsucker; -- called also lich owl. -- Lich gate, a covered gate through which the corpse was carried to the church or burial place, and where the bier was placed to await clergyman; a corpse gate. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- Lich wake, the wake, or watching, held over a corpse before burial. [Prov Eng.] Chaucer. -- Lich wall, the wall of a churchyard or burying ground. -- Lich way, the path by which the dead are carried to the grave. [Prov. Eng.] Lichen Li"chen (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Bot.) One of a class of cellular, flowerless plants, (technically called Lichenes), having no distinction of leaf and stem, usually of scaly, expanded, frond-like forms, but sometimes erect or pendulous and variously branched. They derive their nourishment from the air, and generate by means of spores. The species are very widely distributed, and form irregular spots or patches, usually of a greenish or yellowish color, upon rocks, trees, and various bodies, to which they adhere with great tenacity. They are often improperly called rock moss or tree moss. NOTE: &hand; A favorite modern theory of lichens (called after its inventor the Schwendener hypothesis), is that they are not autonomous plants, but that they consist of ascigerous fungi, parasitic on alg\'91. Each lichen is composed of white filaments and green, or greenish, rounded cells, and it is argued that the two are of different nature, the one living at the expense of the other. See Hyph\'91, and Gonidia. 2. (Med.) A name given to several varieties of skin disease, esp. to one characterized by the eruption of small, conical or flat, reddish pimples, which, if unchecked, tend to spread and produce great and even fatal exhaustion. Lichened Li"chened (?), a. Belonging to, or covered with, lichens. Tennyson. Lichenic Li*chen"ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, lichens. Lichenic acid. (a) An organic acid, C14H24O3 obtained from Iceland moss. (b) An old name of fumaric acid. Licheniform Li*chen"i*form (?), a. Having the form of a lichen. Lichenin Li"chen*in (?), n. (Chem.) A substance isomeric with starch, extracted from several species of moss and lichen, esp. from Iceland moss. Lichenographic, Lichenographical Li"chen*o*graph"ic (?), Li`chen*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. lich\'82nographique.] Of or pertaining to lichenography. Lichenographist Li`chen*og"ra*phist (?), n. One who describes lichens; one versed in lichenography. Lichenography Li`chen*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Lichen + -graphy: cf. F. lich\'82nographie.] A description of lichens; the science which illustrates the natural history of lichens. Lichenologist Li`chen*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in lichenology. Lichenolgy Li`chen*ol"*gy (?), n. [Lichen + -logy.] The science which treats of lichens. Lichenous Li"chen*ous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, lichens; abounding in lichens; covered with lichens. G. Eliot. Lichi Li"chi` (?), n. (Bot.) See Litchi. Lichwale Lich"wale` (?), n. (Bot.) The gromwell. Lichwort Lich"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An herb, the wall pellitory. See Pellitory. Licit Lic"it (?), a. [L.licitus permitted, lawful, from licere: cf. F. licite. See License.] Lawful. "Licit establishments." Carlyle. -- Lic"it*ly, adv. -- Lic"it*ness, n. Licitation Lic`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. licitatio, fr. licitari, liceri, to bid, offer a price.] The act of offering for sale to the highest bidder. [R.] Lick Lick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Licked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Licking.] [AS. liccian; akin to OS. likk, D. likken, OHG. lecch, G. lecken, Goth. bi-laig, Russ. lizate, L. lingere, Gr. lih, rih. . Cf. Lecher, Relish.] 1. To draw or pass the tongue over; as, a dog licks his master's hand. Addison. 2. To lap; to take in with the tongue; as, a dog or cat licks milk. Shak. To lick the dust, to be slain; to fall in battle. "His enemies shall lick the dust." Ps. lxxii. 9. -- To lick into shape, to give proper form to; -- from a notion that the bear's cubs are born shapeless and subsequently formed by licking. Hudibras. -- To lick the spittle of, to fawn upon. South. -- To lick up, to take all of by licking; to devour; to consume entirely. Shak. Num. xxii. 4. Lick Lick, n. [See Lick, v.] 1. A stroke of the tongue in licking. "A lick at the honey pot." Dryden. 2. A quick and careless application of anything, as if by a stroke of the tongue, or of something which acts like a tongue; as, to put on colors with a lick of the brush. Also, a small quantity of any substance so applied. [Colloq.] A lick of court white wash. Gray. 3. A place where salt is found on the surface of the earth, to which wild animals resort to lick it up; -- often, but not always, near salt springs. [U. S.] <-- = salt lick --> Lick Lick, v. t. [Cf. OSw. l\'84gga to place, strike, prick.] To strike with repeated blows for punishment; to flog; to whip or conquer, as in a pugilistic encounter. [Colloq. or Low]<-- to defeat in a contest? --> Carlyle. Thackeray. Lick Lick, n. A slap; a quick stroke.[Colloq.] "A lick across the face." Dryden. Licker Lick"er (?), n. [Cf. Lecher.] One who, or that which, licks. Licker in (Carding Machine), the drum, or cylinder, by which the lap is taken from the feed rollers. Lickerish Lick"er*ish, a. [Cf. Lecherous.] 1. Eager; craving; urged by desire; eager to taste or enjoy; greedy. "The lickerish palate of the glutton." Bp. Hall. 2. Tempting the appetite; dainty. "Lickerish baits, fit to insnare a brute." Milton. 3. lecherous; lustful. Robert of Brunne. -- Lick"er*ish*ly, adv. -- Lick"er*ish*ness, n. Lickerous Lick"er*ous (?), a. Lickerish; eager; lustful. [Obs.] -- Lick"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Chaucer. Licking Lick"ing, n. 1. A lapping with the tongue. 2. A flogging or castigation. [Colloq. or Low] Lickpenny Lick"pen`ny (?), n. A devourer or absorber of money. "Law is a lickpenny." Sir W. Scott. Lick-spigot Lick"-spig`ot (?), n. A tapster. [Obs.] Lick-spittle Lick"-spit`tle (?), n. An abject flatterer or parasite. Theodore Hook. Licorice Lic"o*rice (?), n. [OE. licoris, though old French, fr. L. liquiritia, corrupted fr. glycyrrhiza, Gr. Glycerin, Glycyrrhiza, Wort.] [Written also liquorice.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza (G. glabra), the root of which abounds with a juice, and is much used in demulcent compositions. 2. The inspissated juice of licorice root, used as a confection and medicinal purposes. Licorice fern (Bot.), a name of several kinds of polypody which have rootstocks of a sweetish flavor. -- Licorice sugar. (Chem.) See Glycyrrhizin. -- Licorice weed (Bot.), the tropical plant Scapania aulcis. -- Mountain licorice (Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium alpinum), found in the Alps. It has large purplish flowers and a sweetish perennial rootstock. -- Wild licorice. (Bot.) (a) The North American perennial herb Glycyrrhiza lepidota. (b) Certain broad-leaved cleavers (Galium circ\'91zans and G. lanceolatum). (c) The leguminous climber Abrus precatorius, whose scarlet and black seeds are called black-eyed Susans. Its roots are used as a substitute for those of true licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Licorous Lic"o*rous (?), a. See Lickerish. -- Lic"o*rous*ness, n. [Obs.] Herbert. Licour Lic"our (?), n. Liquor. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lictor Lic"tor, n. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) An officer who bore an ax and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office. His duty was to attend the chief magistrates when they appeared in public, to clear the way, and cause due respect to be paid to them, also to apprehend and punish criminals. Lictors and rods, the ensigns of their power. Milton. Lid Lid (?), n. [AS. hlid, fr. hl\'c6dan (in comp.) to cover, shut; akin to OS. hl\'c6dan (in comp.), D. lid, OHG. hlit, G. augenlid eyelid, Icel. hli gate, gateway. 1. That which covers the opening of a vessel or box, etc. ; a movable cover; as, the lid of a chest or trunk. 2. The cover of the eye; an eyelid. Shak. Tears, big tears, gushed from the rough soldier's lid. Byron. 3. (Bot.) (a) The cover of the spore cases of mosses. (b) A calyx which separates from the flower, and falls off in a single piece, as in the Australian Eucalypti. (c) The top of an ovary which opens transversely, as in the fruit of the purslane and the tree which yields Brazil nuts. Lidded Lid"ded (?), a. Covered with a lid. Keats. Lidge Lidge (?), n. Same Ledge.[Obs.] Spenser. Lidless Lid"less (?), a. Having no lid, or not covered with the lids, as the eyes; hence, sleepless; watchful. A lidless watcher of the public weal. Tennyson. Lie Lie (?), n. See Lye. Lie Lie (?), n. [AS. lyge; akin to D. leugen, OHG. lugi, G. l\'81ge, lug, Icel. lygi, Dan. & Sw. l\'94gn, Goth. liugn. See Lie to utter a falsehood.] 1. A falsehood uttered or acted for the purpose of deception; an intentional violation of truth; an untruth spoken with the intention to deceive. It is willful deceit that makes a lie. A man may act a lie, as by pointing his finger in a wrong direction when a traveler inquires of him his road. Paley. 2. A fiction; a fable; an untruth. Dryden. 3. Anything which misleads or disappoints. Wishing this lie of life was o'er. Trench. To give the lie to. (a) To charge with falsehood; as, the man gave him the lie. (b) To reveal to be false; as, a man's actions may give the lie to his words. -- White lie, a euphemism for such lies as one finds it convenient to tell, and excuses himself for telling. Syn. -- Untruth; falsehood; fiction; deception. -- lie, Untruth. A man may state what is untrue from ignorance or misconception; hence, to impute an untruth to one is not necessarily the same as charging him with a lie. Every lie is an untruth, but not every untruth is a lie. Cf. Falsity. Lie Lie, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lying (?).] [OE. lien, li, le, leo, AS. le\'a2gan; akin to D. liegen, OS. & OHG. liogan, G. l\'81gen, Icel. lj, Sw. ljuga, Dan.lyve, Goth. liugan, Russ. lgate.] To utter falsehood with an intention to deceive; to say or do that which is intended to deceive another, when he a right to know the truth, or when morality requires a just representation. Lie Lie, v. i. [imp. Lay (?); p. p. Lain (?), (Lien (, [Obs.]); p. pr. & vb. n. Lying.] [OE. lien, liggen, AS. licgan; akin to D. liggen, OHG. ligen, licken, G. liegen, Icel. liggja, Sw. ligga, Dan. ligge, Goth. ligan, Russ. lejate, L. lectus bed, Gr. Lair, Law, Lay, v. t., Litter, Low, adj.] 1. To rest extended on the ground, a bed, or any support; to be, or to put one's self, in an horizontal position, or nearly so; to be prostate; to be stretched out; -- often with down, when predicated of living creatures; as, the book lies on the table; the snow lies on the roof; he lies in his coffin. The watchful traveler . . . Lay down again, and closed his weary eyes. Dryden. 2. To be situated; to occupy a certain place; as, Ireland lies west of England; the meadows lie along the river; the ship lay in port. 3. To abide; to remain for a longer or shorter time; to be in a certain state or condition; as, to lie waste; to lie fallow; to lie open; to lie hid; to lie grieving; to lie under one's displeasure; to lie at the mercy of the waves; the paper does not lie smooth on the wall. 4. To be or exist; to belong or pertain; to have an abiding place; to consist; -- with in. Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal in circumstances. Collier. He that thinks that diversion may not lie in hard labor, forgets the early rising and hard riding of huntsmen. Locke. 5. To lodge; to sleep. Whiles I was now trifling at home, I saw London, . . . where I lay one night only. Evelyn. Mr. Quinion lay at our house that night. Dickens. 6. To be still or quiet, like one lying down to rest. The wind is loud and will not lie. Shak. 7. (Law) To be sustainable; to be capable of being maintained. "An appeal lies in this case." Parsons. NOTE: &hand; Through ignorance or carelessness speakers and writers often confuse the forms of the two distinct verbs lay and lie. Lay is a transitive verb, and has for its preterit laid; as, he told me to lay it down, and I laid it down. Lie is intransitive, and has for its preterit lay; as, he told me to lie down, and I lay down. Some persons blunder by using laid for the preterit of lie; as, he told me to lie down, and I laid down. So persons often say incorrectly, the ship laid at anchor; they laid by during the storm; the book was laying on the shelf, etc. It is only necessary to remember, in all such cases, that laid is the preterit of lay, and not of lie. To lie along the shore (Naut.), to coast, keeping land in sight. -- To lie at the door of, to be imputable to; as, the sin, blame, etc., lies at your door. -- To lie at the heart, to be an object of affection, desire, or anxiety. Sir W. Temple. -- To lie at the mercy of, to be in the power of. -- To lie by. (a) To remain with; to be at hand; as, he has the manuscript lying by him. (b) To rest; to intermit labor; as, we lay by during the heat of the day. -- To lie hard OR heavy, to press or weigh; to bear hard. -- To lie in, to be in childbed; to bring forth young. -- To lie in one, to be in the power of; to belong to. "As much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men." Rom. xii. 18. -- To lie in the way, to be an obstacle or impediment. -- To lie in wait , to wait in concealment; to lie in ambush. -- To lie on OR upon. (a) To depend on; as, his life lies on the result. (b) To bear, rest, press, or weigh on. -- To lie low, to remain in concealment or inactive. [Slang] -- To lie on hand, To lie on one's hands, to remain unsold or unused; as, the goods are still lying on his hands; they have too much time lying on their hands. -- To lie on the head of, to be imputed to. What he gets more of her than sharp words, let it lie on my head. Shak. -- To lie over. (a) To remain unpaid after the time when payment is due, as a note in bank. (b) To be deferred to some future occasion, as a resolution in a public deliberative body. -- To lie to (Naut.), to stop or delay; especially, to head as near the wind as possible as being the position of greatest safety in a gale; -- said of a ship. Cf. To bring to, under Bring. -- To lie under, to be subject to; to suffer; to be oppressed by. -- To lie with. (a) To lodge or sleep with. (b) To have sexual intercourse with. (c) To belong to; as, it lies with you to make amends. _________________________________________________________________ Page 850 Lie Lie (?), n. The position or way in which anything lies; the lay, as of land or country. J. H. Newman. He surveyed with his own eyes . . . the lie of the country on the side towards Thrace. Jowett (Thucyd.). Lieberk\'81hn Lie"ber*k\'81hn (?), n. [Named after a German physician and instrument maker, J. n. Lieberk\'81hn.] (Optics) A concave metallic mirror attached to the object-glass end of a microscope, to throw down light on opaque objects; a reflector. Lieberk\'81hn's glands Lie"ber*k\'81hn's glands` (?). [See Lieberk\'81hn.] (Anat.) The simple tubular glands of the small intestines; -- called also crypts of Lieberk\'81hn. Lied Lied (?), n. ; pl. Lieder (#). [G.] (Mus.) A lay; a German song. It differs from the French chanson, and the Italian canzone, all three being national. The German Lied is perhaps the most faithful reflection of the national sentiment. Grove. Liedertafel Lie"der*ta`fel (?), n. [G., lit., a song table.] (Mus.) A popular name for any society or club which meets for the practice of male part songs. Lief Lief (?), n. Same as Lif. Lief Lief (?), a. [Written also lieve.] [OE. leef, lef, leof, AS. le\'a2f; akin to OS.liof, OFries. liaf, D. lief, G. lieb, OHG. liob, Icel. lj, Sw.ljuf, Goth. liubs, and E. love. &root;124. See Love, and cf. Believe, Leave, n., Furlough, Libidinous.] 1. Dear; beloved. [Obs., except in poetry.] "My liefe mother." Chaucer. "My liefest liege." Shak. As thou art lief and dear. Tennyson. 2. NOTE: (Used wi th a fo rm of the verb to be, and the dative of the personal pronoun.) Pleasing; agreeable; acceptable; preferable. [Obs.] See Lief, adv., and Had as lief, under Had. Full lief me were this counsel for to hide. Chaucer. Death me liefer were than such despite. Spenser. 3. Willing; disposed. [Obs.] I am not lief to gab. Chaucer. He up arose, however lief or loth. Spenser. Lief Lief, n. A dear one; a sweetheart. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lief Lief, adv. Gladly; willingly; freely; -- now used only in the phrases, had as lief, and would as lief; as, I had, or would, as lief go as not. All women liefest would Be sovereign of man's love. Gower. I had as lief the town crier spoke my lines. Shak. Far liefer by his dear hand had I die. Tennyson. NOTE: &hand; The comparative liefer with had or would, and followed by the infinitive, either with or without the sign to, signifies prefer, choose as preferable, would or had rather. In the 16th century rather was substituted for liefer in such constructions in literary English, and has continued to be generally so used. See Had as lief, Had rather, etc. , under Had. Liefsome Lief"some (?), a. Pleasing; delightful. [Obs.] Liegance Lieg"ance (?), n. Same as Ligeance. Liege Liege (?), a. [OE. lige, lege, F. lige, LL. ligius, legius, liege, unlimited, complete, prob. of German origin; cf. G. ledig free from bonds and obstacles, MHG. ledec, ledic, lidic, freed, loosed, and Charta Ottonis de Benthem, ann. ligius homo quod Teutonic\'8a dicitur ledigman," i. e., uni soli homagio obligatus, free from all obligations to others; influenced by L.ligare to bind. G. ledig perh. orig. meant, free to go where one pleases, and is perh. akin to E.lead to conduct. Cf. Lead to guide.] 1. Sovereign; independent; having authority or right to allegiance; as, a liege lord. Chaucer. She looked as grand as doomsday and as grave; And he, he reverenced his liege lady there. Tennyson. 2. serving an independent sovereign or master; bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, as a vassal to his lord; faithful; loyal; as, a liege man; a liege subject. 3. (Old Law) Full; perfect; complete; pure. Burrill. Liege homage (Feudal Custom), that homage of one sovereign or prince to another which acknowledged an obligation of fealty and services. -- Liege poustie [L. legitima potestas] (Scots Law), perfect, i. e., legal, power; specif., having health requisite to do legal acts. -- Liege widowhood, perfect, i. e., pure, widowhood. [Obs.] Liege Liege (?), n. 1. A free and independent person; specif., a lord paramount; a sovereign. Mrs. Browning. The anointed sovereign of sighs and groans, Liege of all loiterers and malcontents. Shak. 2. The subject of a sovereign or lord; a liegeman. A liege lord seems to have been a lord of a free band; and his lieges, though serving under him, were privileged men, free from all other obligations, their name being due to their freedom, not to their service. Skeat. Liegeman Liege"man (?), n.; pl. Liegemen (. Same as Liege, n., 2. Chaucer. Spenser. Lieger Lie"ger (?), n. [See Leger, Ledger.] A resident ambassador. [Obs.] See Leger. Denham. Liegiancy Lie"gian*cy (?), n. See Ligeance. Lien Li"en (?), obs. p. p. of Lie. See lain. Ps. lxviii. 13. Lien Lien (?), n. [F. lien band, bond, tie, fr. L. ligamen, fr. ligare to bind. Cf. League a union, Leam a string, Leamer, Ligament.] (Law) A legal claim; a charge upon real or personal property for the satisfaction of some debt or duty; a right in one to control or hold and retain the property of another until some claim of the former is paid or satisfied. Lienal Li*e"nal (?), a. [L. lien the spleen.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the spleen; splenic. Lienculus Li*en"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Lienculi (#). [NL., dim. of L. lien the spleen.] (Anat.) One of the small nodules sometimes found in the neighborhood of the spleen; an accessory or supplementary spleen. Lieno-intestinal Li*e`no-in*tes"ti*nal (?), a. [l. lien the spleen + E. intestinal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the spleen and intestine; as, the lieno-intestinal vein of the frog. Lienteric Li`en*ter"ic (?), a. [L. lientericus, Gr. lient\'82rique. See Lientery.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, a lientery. -- n. (Med.) A lientery. Grew. Lientery Li"en*ter*y (?), n. [Gr. lient\'82rie.] (Med.) A diarrhea, in which the food is discharged imperfectly digested, or with but little change. Dunglison. Lier Li"er (?), n. [From Lie. ] One who lies down; one who rests or remains, as in concealment. There were liers in a ambush against him. Josh. viii. 14. Lierne rib Lierne" rib` (?). [F. lierne.] (Arch.) In Gothic vaulting, any rib which does not spring from the impost and is not a ridge rib, but passes from one boss or intersection of the principal ribs to another. Lieu Lieu (?), n. [F., OF. also liu, leu, lou, fr. L. locus place. See Local, Locus.] Place; room; stead; -- used only in the phrase in lieu of, that is, instead of. The plan of extortion had been adopted in lieu of the scheme of confiscation. Burke. Lieutenancy Lieu*ten"an*cy (?), n. 1. The office, rank, or commission, of a lieutenant. 2. The body of lieutenants or subordinates. [Obs.] The list of the lieutenancy of our metropolis. Felton. Lieutenant Lieu*ten"ant (?), n. [F., fr. lieu place + tenant holding, p. pr. of tenir to hold, L. tenere. See Lieu, and Tenant, and cf. Locum tenens.] 1. An officer who supplies the place of a superior in his absence; a representative of, or substitute for, another in the performance of any duty. The lawful magistrate, who is the vicegerent or lieutenant of God. Abp. Bramhall. 2. (a) A commissioned officer in the army, next below a captain. (b) A commissioned officer in the British navy, in rank next below a commander. (c) A commissioned officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a lieutenant commander. NOTE: &hand; Li eutenant is of ten us ed, either adjectively or in hyphened compounds, to denote an officer, in rank next below another, especially when the duties of the higher officer may devolve upon the lower one; as, lieutenant general, or lieutenant-general; lieutenant colonel, or lieutenant-colonel; lieutenant governor, etc. Deputy lieutenant, the title of any one of the deputies or assistants of the lord lieutenant of a county. [Eng.] -- Lieutenant colonel, an army officer next in rank above major, and below colonel. -- Lieutenant commander, an officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a commander and next above a lieutenant. -- Lieutenant general. See in Vocabulary. -- Lieutenant governor. (a) An officer of a State, being next in rank to the governor, and in case of the death or resignation of the latter, himself acting as governor. [U. S.] (b) A deputy governor acting as the chief civil officer of one of several colonies under a governor general. [Eng.] Lieutenant general Lieu*ten"ant gen"er*al (?). An army officer in rank next below a general and next above a major general. NOTE: &hand; In the United States, before the civil war, this rank had been conferred only on George Washington and (in brevet) on Winfield Scott. In 1864 it was revived by Congress and conferred on Ulysses S. Grant, and subsequently, by promotion, on William T. Sherman and Philip H. Sheridan, each of whom was advanced to the rank of general of the army. When Sheridan was made general (in 1888) the rank of lieutenant general was suffered to lapse. See General. Lieutenantry Lieu*ten"ant*ry (?), n. See Lieutenancy. [Obs.] Lieutenantship Lieu*ten"ant*ship, n. Same as Lieutenancy, 1. Lieve Lieve (?), a. Same as Lief. Lif Lif (?), n. [Written also lief.] The fiber by which the petioles of the date palm are bound together, from which various kinds of cordage are made. Life Life (?), n.; pl. Lives (#). [AS. l; akin to D. lijf body, G. leib body, MHG. l life, body, OHG. l life, Icel. l, life, body, Sw. lif, Dan. liv, and E. live, v. Live, and cf. Alive.] 1. The state of being which begins with generation, birth, or germination, and ends with death; also, the time during which this state continues; that state of an animal or plant in which all or any of its organs are capable of performing all or any of their functions; -- used of all animal and vegetable organisms. 2. Of human being: The union of the soul and body; also, the duration of their union; sometimes, the deathless quality or existence of the soul; as, man is a creature having an immortal life. She shows a body rather than a life. Shak. 3. (Philos) The potential principle, or force, by which the organs of animals and plants are started and continued in the performance of their several and co\'94perative functions; the vital force, whether regarded as physical or spiritual. 4. Figuratively: The potential or animating principle, also, the period of duration, of anything that is conceived of as resembling a natural organism in structure or functions; as, the life of a state, a machine, or a book; authority is the life of government. 5. A certain way or manner of living with respect to conditions, circumstances, character, conduct, occupation, etc.; hence, human affairs; also, lives, considered collectively, as a distinct class or type; as, low life; a good or evil life; the life of Indians, or of miners. That which before us lies in daily life. Milton. By experience of life abroad in the world. Ascham. Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime. Longfellow. 'T is from high life high characters are drawn. Pope 6. Animation; spirit; vivacity; vigor; energy. No notion of life and fire in fancy and in words. Felton. That gives thy gestures grace and life. Wordsworth. 7. That which imparts or excites spirit or vigor; that upon which enjoyment or success depends; as, he was the life of the company, or of the enterprise. 8. The living or actual form, person, thing, or state; as, a picture or a description from, the life. 9. A person; a living being, usually a human being; as, many lives were sacrificed. 10. The system of animal nature; animals in general, or considered collectively. Full nature swarms with life. Thomson. 11. An essential constituent of life, esp: the blood. The words that I speak unto you . . . they are life. John vi. 63. The warm life came issuing through the wound. Pope 12. A history of the acts and events of a life; a biography; as, Johnson wrote the life of Milton. 13. Enjoyment in the right use of the powers; especially, a spiritual existence; happiness in the favor of God; heavenly felicity. 14. Something dear to one as one's existence; a darling; -- used as a term of endearment. NOTE: &hand; Li fe fo rms the first part of many compounds, for the most part of obvious meaning; as, life-giving, life-sustaining, etc. Life annuity, an annuity payable during one's life. -- Life arrow, Life rocket, Life shot, an arrow, rocket, or shot, for carrying an attached line to a vessel in distress in order to save life. -- Life assurance. See Life insurance, below. <-- no life boat?--> -- Life buoy. See Buoy. -- Life car, a water-tight boat or box, traveling on a line from a wrecked vessel to the shore. In it person are hauled through the waves and surf. -- Life drop, a drop of vital blood. Byron. -- Life estate (Law), an estate which is held during the term of some certain person's life, but does not pass by inheritance. -- Life everlasting (Bot.), a plant with white or yellow persistent scales about the heads of the flowers, as Antennaria, and Gnaphalium; cudweed. -- Life of an execution (Law), the period when an execution is in force, or before it expires. -- Life guard. (Mil.) See under Guard. -- Life insurance, the act or system of insuring against death; a contract by which the insurer undertakes, in consideration of the payment of a premium (usually at stated periods), to pay a stipulated sum in the event of the death of the insured or of a third person in whose life the insured has an interest. -- Life interest, an estate or interest which lasts during one's life, or the life of another person, but does not pass by inheritance. -- Life land (Law), land held by lease for the term of a life or lives. -- Life line. (a) (Naut.) A line along any part of a vessel for the security of sailors. (b) A line attached to a life boat, or to any life saving apparatus, to be grasped by a person in the water. -- Life rate, rate of premium for insuring a life. -- Life rent, the rent of a life estate; rent or property to which one is entitled during one's life. -- Life school, a school for artists in which they model, paint, or draw from living models. -- Lifetable, a table showing the probability of life at different ages. -- To lose one's life, to die. -- To seek the life of, to seek to kill. -- To the life, so as closely to resemble the living person or the subject; as, the portrait was drawn to the life. Lifeblood Life"blood` (?), n. 1. The blood necessary to life; vital blood. Dryden. 2. Fig.: That which gives strength and energy. Money [is] the lifeblood of the nation. Swift. Lifeboat Life"boat` (?), n. A strong, buoyant boat especially designed for saving the lives of shipwrecked people. Lifeful Life"ful (?), a. Full of vitality. Spenser. Life-giving Life"-giv`ing (?), a. Giving life or spirit; having power to give life; inspiriting; invigorating. Lifehold Life"hold` (?), n. Land held by a life estate. Lifeless Life"less, a. Destitute of life, or deprived of life; not containing, or inhabited by, living beings or vegetation; dead, or apparently dead; spiritless; powerless; dull; as, a lifeless carcass; lifeless matter; a lifeless desert; a lifeless wine; a lifeless story. -- Life"less*ly, adv. -- Life"less*ness, n. Syn. -- Dead; soulless; inanimate; torpid; inert; inactive; dull; heavy; unanimated; spiritless; frigid; pointless; vapid; flat; tasteless. -- Lifeless, Dull, Inanimate, Dead. In a moral sense, lifeless denotes a want of vital energy; inanimate, a want of expression as to any feeling that may be possessed; dull implies a torpor of soul which checks all mental activity; dead supposes a destitution of feeling. A person is said to be lifeless who has lost the spirits which he once had; he is said to be inanimate when he is naturally wanting in spirits; one is dull from an original deficiency of mental power; he who is dead to moral sentiment is wholly bereft of the highest attribute of his nature. Lifelike Life"like` (?), a. [Cf. Lively.] Like a living being; resembling life; giving an accurate representation; as, a lifelike portrait. -- Life"like`ness, n. Poe. Lifelong Life"long (?), a. [Life + long. Cf. Livelong.] Lasting or continuing through life. Tennyson. Lifely Life"ly, adv. [Cf. Lively, a.] In a lifelike manner. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lifemate Life"mate` (?), n. Companion for life. Hawthorne. Lifen Lif"en (?), v. t. To enliven. [Obs.] Marston. Life-preserver Life"-pre*serv`er (?), n. An apparatus, made in very various forms, and of various materials, for saving one from drowning by buoying up the body while in the water. -- Life"-pre*serv`ing, a. Life-saving Life"-sav`ing (?), a. That saves life, or is suited to save life, esp. from drowning; as, the life-saving service; a life-saving station. Life-size Life"-size` (?), a. Of full size; of the natural size. Lifesome Life"some (?), a. Animated; sprightly. [Poetic] Coleridge. -- Life"some*ness, n. Lifespring Life"spring` (?), n. Spring or source of life. Lifestring Life"string" (?), n. A nerve, or string, that is imagined to be essential to life. Daniel. Lifetime Life"time` (, n. The time that life continues. Life-weary Life"-wea`ry (?), a. Weary of living. Shak. Liflode Lif"lode (?), n. Livelihood. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lift Lift (?), n.[AS.lyft air. See Loft.] The sky; the atmosphere; the firmament. [Obs. or Scot.] Lift Lift (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Lifting.] [Icel. lypta, fr. lopt air; akin to Sw.lyfta to lift, Dan. l\'94fte, G. l\'81ften; -- prop., to raise into the air. See Loft, and cf. 1st Lift.] 1. To move in a direction opposite to that of gravitation; to raise; to elevate; to bring up from a lower place to a higher; to upheave; sometimes implying a continued support or holding in the higher place; -- said of material things; as, to lift the foot or the hand; to lift a chair or a burden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 851 2. To raise, elevate, exalt, improve, in rank, condition, estimation, character, etc.; -- often with up. The Roman virtues lift up mortal man. Addison. Lest, being lifted up with pride. I Tim. iii. 6. 3. To bear; to support. [Obs.] Spenser. 4. To collect, as moneys due; to raise. 5. [Perh. a different word, and akin to Goth. hliftus thief, hlifan to steal, L. clepere, Gr. Shoplifter.] To steal; to carry off by theft (esp. cattle); as, to lift a drove of cattle. NOTE: &hand; In old writers, lift is sometimes used for lifted. He ne'er lift up his hand but conquered. Shak. To lift up, to raise or elevate; in the Scriptures, specifically, to elevate upon the cross. John viii. 28. -- To lift up the eyes. To look up; to raise the eyes, as in prayer. Ps. cxxi. 1. -- To lift up the feet, to come speedily to one's relief. Ps. lxxiv. 3. -- To lift up the hand. (a) To take an oath. Gen. xiv. 22. (b) To pray. Ps. xxviii. 2. (c) To engage in duty. Heb. xii. 12. -- To lift up the hand against, to rebel against; to assault; to attack; to injure; to oppress. Job xxxi. 21. -- To lift up one's head, to cause one to be exalted or to rejoice. Gen. xl. 13. Luke xxi. 28. -- To lift up the heel against, to treat with insolence or unkindness. John xiii.18. -- To lift up the voice, to cry aloud; to call out. Gen. xxi. 16. Lift Lift (?), v. i. 1. To try to raise something; to exert the strength for raising or bearing. Strained by lifting at a weight too heavy. Locke. 2. To rise; to become or appear raised or elevated; as, the fog lifts; the land lifts to a ship approaching it. 3. [See Lift, v. t., 5.] To live by theft. Spenser. Lift Lift, n. 1. Act of lifting; also, that which is lifted. 2. The space or distance through which anything is lifted; as, a long lift. Bacon. 3. Help; assistance, as by lifting; as, to give one a lift in a wagon. [Colloq.] The goat gives the fox a lift. L'Estrange. <-- 3b. a ride in a vehicle, given by the vehicle's owner to another person as a favor -- usually in "give a lift" or "got a lift", as "Jack gave me a lift into town." --> 4. That by means of which a person or thing lifts or is lifted; as: (a) A hoisting machine; an elevator; a dumb waiter. (b) An exercising machine. 5. A rise; a degree of elevation; as, the lift of a lock in canals. 6. A lift gate. See Lift gate, below. [Prov. Eng.] 7. (Naut.) A rope leading from the masthead to the extremity of a yard below; -- used for raising or supporting the end of the yard. 8. (Mach.) One of the steps of a cone pulley. 9. (Shoemaking) A layer of leather in the heel. 10. (Horology) That portion of the vibration of a balance during which the impulse is given. Saunier. Dead lift. See under Dead. Swift. -- Lift bridge, a kind of drawbridge, the movable part of which is lifted, instead of being drawn aside. -- Lift gate, a gate that is opened by lifting. -- Lift hammer. See Tilt hammer. -- Lift lock, a canal lock. -- Lift pump, a lifting pump. -- Lift tenter (Windmills), a governor for regulating the speed by adjusting the sails, or for adjusting the action of grinding machinery according to the speed. -- Lift wall (Canal Lock), the cross wall at the head of the lock. Liftable Lift"a*ble (?), a.Such as can be lifted. Lifter Lift"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, lifts. 2. (Founding) A tool for lifting loose sand from the mold; also, a contrivance attached to a cope, to hold the sand together when the cope is lifted. Lifting Lift"ing, a. Used in, or for, or by, lifting. Lifting bridge, a lift bridge. -- Lifting jack. See 2d Jack, 5. -- Lifting machine. See Health lift, under Health. -- Lifting pump. (Mach.) (a) A kind of pump having a bucket, or valved piston, instead of a solid piston, for drawing water and lifting it to a high level. (b) A pump which lifts the water only to the top of the pump, or delivers it through a spout; a lift pump. -- Lifting rod, a vertical rod lifted by a rock shaft, and imparting motion to a puppet valve; -- used in the engines of river steamboats. -- Lifting sail (Naut.), one which tends to lift a vessel's bow out of water, as jibs and square foresails. Lig Lig (?), v. i. [See Lie to be prostrate.] To recline; to lie still. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. Spenser. Ligament Lig"a*ment (?), n. [L. ligamentum, fr. ligare to bind; cf. f. ligament. Cf. Lien, n., Ligature.] 1. Anything that ties or unites one thing or part to another; a bandage; a bond. Hawthorne. Interwoven is the love of liberty with every ligament of your hearts. Washington. 2. (Anat.) (a) A tough band or plate of dense, fibrous, connective tissue or fibrocartilage serving to unite bones or form joints. (b) A band of connective tissue, or a membranous fold, which supports or retains an organ in place; as, the gastrophrenic ligament, connecting the diaphragm and stomach. Ligamental, Ligamentous Lig`a*men"tal (?), Lig"a*men"tous (?), a. [Cf. F. ligamenteux.] Composing a ligament; of the nature of a ligament; binding; as, a strong ligamentous membrane. Ligan Li"gan (?), n.[Cf. L. ligare to bind, to tie, ligamen band, bandage, E. ligament, or ligsam.] (Law) Goods sunk in the sea, with a buoy attached in order that they may be found again. See Jetsam and Flotsam. [Written also lagan.] Blackstone. Ligate Li"gate (?), v. t. [L. ligatus, p. p. of ligare.] To tie with a ligature; to bind around; to bandage. <-- ((Molecular biology) To concatenate two strands of nucleic acid, usually DNA, in an end-to-end fashion, using a ligase. --> Ligation Li*ga"tion (?), n. [L. ligatio, fr. ligare to bind. Cf. Liaison.] 1. The act of binding, or the state of being bound. 2. That which binds; bond; connection. Tied with tape, and sealed at each fold and ligation. Sir W. Scott. Ligator Li*ga"tor (?) n. [See Ligate.] (Surg.) An instrument for ligating, or for placing and fastening a ligature. Ligature Lig"a*ture (?), n. [L. ligatura, fr. ligare, ligatum, to bind: cf. f. ligature. Cf. Ally, League, Legatura, Liable, Legament.] 1. The act of binding. 2. Anything that binds; a band or bandage. 3. (Surg.) (a) A thread or string for tying the blood vessels, particularly the arteries, to prevent hemorrhage. (b) A thread or wire used to remove tumors, etc. 4. The state of being bound or stiffened; stiffness; as, the ligature of a joint. 5. Impotence caused by magic or charms. [Obs.] 6. (Mus.) A curve or line connecting notes; a slur. 7. (Print.) A double character, or a type consisting of two or more letters or characters united, as \'91, fi, ffl. Ligature Lig"a*ture (?), v. t. (Surg.) To ligate; to tie. Lige Lig"e (?), v. t. & i. To lie; to tell lies. [Obs.] Ligeance Li"geance (?), n. [OF. ligeance, ligance. See Liege.] (O. Eng. Law) The connection between sovereign and subject by which they were mutually bound, the former to protection and the securing of justice, the latter to faithful service; allegiance. [Written also ligeancy and liegance.] Chaucer. Ligement Lige"ment (?), n. See Ledgment Ligge Lig"ge (?), v. i. To lie or recline. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ligger Lig"ger (?), n. 1. A baited line attached to a float, for night fishing. See Leger, a. 2. See Ledger, 2. Light Light (?), n. [OE.light, liht, AS. le\'a2t; akin to OS. lioht, D. & G. licht, OHG. lioht, Goth. liuhap, Icel. lj, L. lux light, lucere to shine, Gr. ruc to shine. Lucid, Lunar, Luminous, Lynx.] 1. That agent, force, or action in nature by the operation of which upon the organs of sight, objects are rendered visible or luminous. NOTE: &hand; Li ght was regarded formerly as consisting of material particles, or corpuscules, sent off in all directions from luminous bodies, and traversing space, in right lines, with the known velocity of about 186,300 miles per second; but it is now generally understood to consist, not in any actual transmission of particles or substance, but in the propagation of vibrations or undulations in a subtile, elastic medium, or ether, assumed to pervade all space, and to be thus set in vibratory motion by the action of luminous bodies, as the atmosphere is by sonorous bodies. This view of the nature of light is known as the undulatory or wave theory; the other, advocated by Newton (but long since abandoned), as the corpuscular, emission, or Newtonian theory. A more recent theory makes light to consist in electrical oscillations, and is known as the electro-magnetic theory of light. 2. That which furnishes, or is a source of, light, as the sun, a star, a candle, a lighthouse, etc. Then he called for a light, and sprang in. Acts xvi. 29. And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. Gen. i. 16. 3. The time during which the light of the sun is visible; day; especially, the dawn of day. The murderer, rising with the light, killeth the poor and needy. Job xxiv. 14. 4. The brightness of the eye or eyes. He seemed to find his way without his eyes; For out o'door he went without their helps, And, to the last, bended their light on me. Shak. 5. The medium through which light is admitted, as a window, or window pane; a skylight; in architecture, one of the compartments of a window made by a mullion or mullions. There were windows in three rows, and light was against light in three ranks. I Kings vii.4. 6. Life; existence. O, spring to light, auspicious Babe, be born ! Pope. 7. Open view; a visible state or condition; public observation; publicity. The duke yet would have dark deeds darkly answered; he would never bring them to light. Shak. 8. The power of perception by vision. My strength faileth me; as for the light of my eyes, it also is gone from me. Ps. xxxviii. 10. 9. That which illumines or makes clear to the mind; mental or spiritual illumination; enlightenment; knowledge; information. He shall never know That I had any light of this from thee. Shak. 10. Prosperity; happiness; joy; felicity. Then shall thy light break forth as the morning, and thy health shall spring forth speedily. Is. lviii. 8. 11. (Paint.) The manner in which the light strikes upon a picture; that part of a picture which represents those objects upon which the light is supposed to fall; the more illuminated part of a landscape or other scene; -- opposed to shade. Cf. Chiaroscuro. 12. Appearance due to the particular facts and circumstances presented to view; point of view; as, to state things fairly and put them in the right light. Frequent consideration of a thing . . . shows it in its several lights and various ways of appearance. South. 13. One who is conspicuous or noteworthy; a model or example; as, the lights of the age or of antiquity. Joan of Are, A light of ancient France. Tennyson. 14. (Pyrotech.) A firework made by filling a case with a substance which burns brilliantly with a white or colored flame; as, a Bengal light. NOTE: &hand; Li ght is us ed fi guratively to de note th at which resembles physical light in any respect, as illuminating, benefiting, enlightening, or enlivening mankind. Ancient lights (Law), Calcium light, Flash light, etc. See under Ancient, Calcium, etc. -- Light ball (Mil.), a ball of combustible materials, used to afford light; -- sometimes made so as to fired from a cannon or mortar, or to be carried up by a rocket. -- Light barrel (Mil.), an empty power barrel pierced with holes and filled with shavings soaked in pitch, used to light up a ditch or a breach. -- Light dues (Com.), tolls levied on ships navigating certain waters, for the maintenance of lighthouses. -- Light iron, a candlestick. [Obs.] -- Light keeper, a person appointed to take care of a lighthouse or light-ship. -- Light money, charges laid by government on shipping entering a port, for the maintenance of lighthouses and light-ships. -- The light of the countenance, favor; kindness; smiles. Lord, lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us. Ps. iv. 6. -- Northern lights. See Aurora borealis, under Aurora. -- To bring to light, to cause to be disclosed. -- To come to light, to be disclosed. -- To see the light, to come into the light; hence, to come into the world or public notice; as, his book never saw the light.<-- also, see the light of day; (b) to come to understand (sometimes used ironically, said of a person who professes to change his opinion after he has been convinced that it will be in his own interest if the facts are different from his initial beliefs) --> -- To stand in one's own light, to take a position which is injurious to one's own interest. Light Light (?), a. [AS. le\'a2ht. See Light, n.] [Compar. Lighter (#); superl. Lightest.] 1. Having light; not dark or obscure; bright; clear; as, the apartment is light. 2. White or whitish; not intense or very marked; not of a deep shade; moderately colored; as, a light color; a light brown; a light complexion. Light Light, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lighted (?) or Lit (p. pr. & vb. n. Lighting.] [AS. l, l\'c6htan, to shine. Light, n.] 1. To set fire to; to cause to burn; to set burning; to ignite; to kindle; as, to light a candle or lamp; to light the gas; -- sometimes with up. If a thousand candles be all lighted from one. Hakewill. And the largest lamp is lit. Macaulay. Absence might cure it, or a second mistress Light up another flame, and put out this. Addison. 2. To give light to; to illuminate; to fill with light; to spread over with light; -- often with up. Ah, hopeless, lasting flames I like those that burn To light the dead. Pope. One hundred years ago, to have lit this theater as brilliantly as it is now lighted would have cost, I suppose, fifty pounds. F. Harrison. The sun has set, and Vesper, to supply His absent beams, has lighted up the sky. Dryden. 3. To attend or conduct with a light; to show the way to by means of a light. His bishops lead him forth, and light him on. Landor. To light a fire, to kindle the material of a fire. Light Light, v. i. 1. To become ignited; to take fire; as, the match will not light. 2. To be illuminated; to receive light; to brighten; -- with up; as, the room light up very well. Light Light, a. [Compar. Lighted (?); superl. Lightest.] [OE. light, liht, AS. l\'c6ht, le\'a2ht; akin to D. ligt, G. leicht, OHG.l\'c6hti, Icel. l, Dan. let, Sw. l\'84tt, Goth. leihts, and perh. to L. levis (cf. Levity), Gr. laghu light. 1. Having little, or comparatively little, weight; not tending to be the center of gravity with force; not heavy. These weights did not exert their natural gravity . . . insomuch that I could not guess which was light or heavy whilst I held them in my hand. Addison. 2. Not burdensome; easy to be lifted, borne, or carried by physical strength; as, a light burden, or load. Ye shall find rest unto your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light. Matt. xi. 29. 30. 3. Easy to be endured or performed; not severe; not difficult; as, a light affliction or task. Chaucer. Light sufferings give us leisure to complain. Dryden. 4. Easy to be digested; not oppressive to the stomach; as, light food; also, containing little nutriment. 5. Not heavily armed; armed with light weapons; as, light troops; a troop of light horse. 6. Not encumbered; unembarrassed; clear of impediments; hence, active; nimble; swift. Unmarried men are best friends, best masters . . . but not always best subjects, for they are light to run away. Bacon. 7. Not heavily burdened; not deeply laden; not sufficiently ballasted; as, the ship returned light. 8. Slight; not important; as, a light error. Shak. 9. Well leavened; not heavy; as, light bread. 10. Not copious or heavy; not dense; not inconsiderable; as, a light rain; a light snow; light vapors. 11. Not strong or violent; moderate; as, a light wind. 12. Not pressing heavily or hard upon; hence, having an easy graceful manner; delicate; as, a light touch; a light style of execution. 13. Easy to admit influence; inconsiderate; easily influenced by trifling considerations; unsteady; unsettled; volatile; as, a light, vain person; a light mind. There is no greater argument of a light and inconsiderate person than profanely to scoff at religion. Tillotson. 14. Indulging in, or inclined to, levity; wanting dignity or solemnity; trifling; gay; frivolous; airy; unsubstantial. Seneca can not be too heavy, nor Plautus too light. Shak. Specimens of New England humor laboriously light and lamentably mirthful. Hawthorne. 15. Not quite sound or normal; somewhat impaired or deranged; dizzy; giddy. Are his wits safe? Is he not light of brain ? Shak. 16. Easily bestowed; inconsiderately rendered. To a fair semblance doth light annex. Spenser. 17. Wanton; unchaste; as, a woman of light character. A light wife doth make a heavy husband. Shak. 18. Not of the legal, standard, or usual weight; clipped; diminished; as, light coin. 19. Loose; sandy; easily pulverized; as, a light soil. Light cavalry, Light horse (Mil.), light-armed soldiers mounted on strong and active horses. -- Light eater, one who eats but little. -- Light infantry, infantry soldiers selected and trained for rapid evolutions. -- Light of foot. (a) Having a light step. (b) Fleet. -- Light of heart, gay, cheerful. -- Light oil (Chem.), the oily product, lighter than water, forming the chief part of the first distillate of coal tar, and consisting largely of benzene and toluene. -- Light sails (Naut.), all the sails above the topsails, with, also, the studding sails and flying jib. Dana. -- Light sleeper, one easily wakened. -- Light weight, a prize fighter, boxer, wrestler, or jockey, who is below a standard medium weight. Cf. Feather weight, under Feather. [Cant] -- To make light of, to treat as of little consequence; to slight; to disregard. -- To set light by, to undervalue; to slight; to treat as of no importance; to despise. _________________________________________________________________ Page 852 Light Light (?), adv. Lightly; cheaply. Hooker. Light Light, v. t. [See Light not heavy, and cf. Light to alight, and Lighten to make less heavy.] To lighten; to ease of a burden; to take off. [Obs.] From his head the heavy burgonet did light. Spenser. Light Light, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lighted (?) OR Lit (p. pr. & vb. n. Lighting.] [AS. l\'c6htan to alight orig., to relieve (a horse) of the rider's burden, to make less heavy, fr. l\'c6ht light. See Light not heavy, and cf. Alight, Lighten to make light.] 1. To dismount; to descend, as from a horse or carriage; to alight; -- with from, off, on, upon, at, in. When she saw Isaac, she lighted off the camel. Gen. xxiv. 64. Slowly rode across a withered heath, And lighted at a ruined inn. Tennyson. 2. To feel light; to be made happy. [Obs.] It made all their hearts to light. Chaucer. 3. To descend from flight, and rest, perch, or settle, as a bird or insect. [The bee] lights on that, and this, and tasteth all. Sir. J. Davies. On the tree tops a crested peacock lit. Tennyson. 4. To come down suddenly and forcibly; to fall; -- with on or upon. On me, me only, as the source and spring Of all corruption, all the blame light due. Milton. 5. To come by chance; to happen; -- with on or upon; formerly with into. The several degrees of vision, which the assistance of glasses (casually at first lit on) has taught us to conceive. Locke. They shall light into atheistical company. South. And here we lit on Aunt Elizabeth, And Lilia with the rest. Tennyson. Lightable Light"a*ble (?), a. Such as can be lighted. Light-armed Light"-armed` (?), a. Armed with light weapons or accouterments. Light-boat Light"-boat` (?), n. Light-ship. Lighte Light"e (?), obs. imp. of Light, to alight. Chaucer. Lighten Light"en (?), v. i. [See Light to alight.] To descend; to light. O Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us. Book of Common Prayer [Eng. Ed.] Lighten Light"en (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lightened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lightening.] [OE. lightenen. See Light to kindle, illuminate.] 1. To burst forth or dart, as lightning; to shine with, or like, lightning; to display a flash or flashes of lightning; to flash. This dreadful night, That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars As doth the lion. Shak. 2. To grow lighter; to become less dark or lowering; to brighten; to clear, as the sky. Lighten Light"en, v. t. [See Light to illuminate.] 1. To make light or clear; to light; to illuminate; as, to lighten an apartment with lamps or gas; to lighten the streets. [In this sense less common than light.] A key of fire ran all along the shore, And lightened all the river with a blaze. Dryden. 2. To illuminate with knowledge; to enlighten. [In this sense less common than enlighten.] Lighten my spirit with one clear heavenly ray. Sir J. Davies. 3. To emit or disclose in, or as in, lightning; to flash out, like lightning. His eye . . . lightens forth Controlling majesty. Shak. 4. To free from trouble and fill with joy. They looked unto him, were lightened. Ps. xxxiv. 5. Lighten Light"en, v. t. [See Light not heavy.] 1. To make lighter, or less heavy; to reduce in weight; to relieve of part of a load or burden; as, to lighten a ship by unloading; to lighten a load or burden. 2. To make less burdensome or afflictive; to alleviate; as, to lighten the cares of life or the burden of grief. 3. To cheer; to exhilarate. Lighens my humor with his merry jests. Shak. Lighter Light"er (?), n. One who, or that which, lights; as, a lighter of lamps. Lighter Light"er, n. [D. ligter, fr. ligt light. See Light not heavy.] (Naut.) A large boat or barge, mainly, used in unloading or loading vessels which can not reach the wharves at the place of shipment or delivery. Lighter screw (Mach.), a screw for adjusting the distance between the stones in a grinding mill by raising or lowering the bridgetree. Lighter Light"er, v. t. To convey by a lighter, as to or from the shore; as, to lighter the cargo of a ship. Lighterage Light"er*age (?), n. 1. The price paid for conveyance of goods on a lighter. 2. The act of unloading into a lighter, or of conveying by a lighter. Lighterman Light"er*man (?), n.; pl. Lightermen (. A person employed on, or who manages, a lighter. Light-fingered Light"-fin`gered (?), a. Dexterous in taking and conveying away; thievish; pilfering; addicted to petty thefts. Fuller. Light-foot, Light-footed Light"-foot` (?), Light"-foot`ed, a. Having a light, springy step; nimble in running or dancing; active; as, light-foot Iris. Tennyson. Lightful Light"ful (?), a. Full of light; bright. [R.] "Lightful presence." Marston. Light-handed Light"-hand`ed (?), a. (Naut.) Not having a full complement of men; as, a vessel light-handed. Light-headed Light"-head`ed (?), a. 1. Disordered in the head; dilirious. Walpole. 2. Thoughtless; heedless; volatile; unsteady; fickle; loose. "Light-headed, weak men." Clarendon. -- Light"-head`ed*ness, n. Light-hearted Light"-heart"ed (?), a. Free from grief or anxiety; gay; cheerful; merry. -- Light"-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- Light"-heart"ed*ness, n. Light-heeled Light"-heeled` (?), a. Lively in walking or running; brisk; light-footed. Light-horseman Light"-horse`man (?), n.; pl. -men (. 1. A soldier who serves in the light horse. See under 5th Light. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A West Indian fish of the genus Ephippus, remarkable for its high dorsal fin and brilliant colors. Lighthouse Light"house` (?) n.; pl.Lighthouses (. A tower or other building with a powerful light at top, erected at the entrance of a port, or at some important point on a coast, to serve as a guide to mariners at night; a pharos. Lighting Light"ing, n. (Metal.) A name sometimes applied to the process of annealing metals. Light-legged Light"-legged` (?), a. Nimble; swift of foot. Sir P. Sidney. Lightless Light"less, a.Destitute of light; dark. Shak. Lightly Light"ly, adv. 1. With little weight; with little force; as, to tread lightly; to press lightly. Yet shall thy grave with rising flowers be drest, And the green turf lie lightly on thy breast. Pope. Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear Touched lightly. Milton. 2. Swiftly; nimbly; with agility. So mikle was that barge, it might not lightly sail. R. of Brunne. Watch what thou seest and lightly bring me word. Tennyson. 3. Without deep impression. The soft ideas of the cheerful note, Lightly received, were easily forgot. Prior. 4. In a small degree; slightly; not severely. At the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun . . . and afterward did more grievously afflict her. Is. ix. 1. 5. With little effort or difficulty; easily; readily. That lightly come, shall lightly go. Old Proverb. They come lightly by the malt, and need not spare it. Sir W. Scott. 6. Without reason, or for reasons of little weight. Flatter not the rich, neither do thou willingly or lightly appear before great personages. Jer. Taylor. 7. Commonly; usually. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher. The great thieves of a state are lightly the officers of the crown. B. Jonson. 8. Without dejection; cheerfully. "Seeming to bear it lightly." Shak. 9. Without heed or care; with levity; gayly; airily. Matrimony . . . is not by any to be enterprised, nor taken in hand, unadvisedly, lightly, or wantonly. Book of Common Prayer [Eng. Ed.]. 10. Not chastely; wantonly. Swift. Lightman Light"man (?), n. ; pl. -men ( A man who carries or takes care of a light. T. Brown. Light-minded Light"-mind`ed (?), a. Unsettled; unsteady; volatile; not considerate. -- Light"-mind`ed*ness, n. Lightness Light"ness, n. [From Light not heavy.] The state, condition, or quality, of being light or not heavy; buoyancy; levity; fickleness; delicacy; grace. Syn. -- Levity; volatility; instability; inconstancy; unsteadiness; giddiness; flightiness; airiness; gayety; liveliness; agility; nimbleness; sprightliness; briskness; swiftness; ease; facility. Lightness Light"ness, n. [From Light bright.] 1. Illumination, or degree of illumination; as, the lightness of a room. Chaucer. 2. Absence of depth or of duskiness in color; as, the lightness of a tint; lightness of complexion. Lightning Light"ning (?), n. [For lightening, fr. lighten to flash.] 1. A discharge of atmospheric electricity, accompanied by a vivid flash of light, commonly from one cloud to another, sometimes from a cloud to the earth. The sound produced by the electricity in passing rapidly through the atmosphere constitutes thunder. 2. The act of making bright, or the state of being made bright; enlightenment; brightening, as of the mental powers. [R.] Ball lightning, a rare form of lightning sometimes seen as a globe of fire moving from the clouds to the earth. -- Chain lightning, lightning in angular, zigzag, or forked flashes. -- Heat lightning, more or less vivid and extensive flashes of electric light, without thunder, seen near the horizon, esp. at the close of a hot day. -- Lightning arrester (Telegraphy), a device, at the place where a wire enters a building, for preventing injury by lightning to an operator or instrument. It consists of a short circuit to the ground interrupted by a thin nonconductor over which lightning jumps. Called also lightning discharger. -- Lightning bug (Zo\'94l.), a luminous beetle. See Firefly. -- Lightning conductor, a lightning rod. -- Lightning glance, a quick, penetrating glance of a brilliant eye. -- Lightning rod, a metallic rod set up on a building, or on the mast of a vessel, and connected with the earth or water below, for the purpose of protecting the building or vessel from lightning. -- Sheet lightning, a diffused glow of electric light flashing out from the clouds, and illumining their outlines. The appearance is sometimes due to the reflection of light from distant flashes of lightning by the nearer clouds. Lightning Light"ning (?), vb. n. Lightening. [R.] Light-o'-love Light"-o'-love` (?), n. 1. An old tune of a dance, the name of which made it a proverbial expression of levity, especially in love matters. Nares. "Best sing it to the tune of light-o'-love." Shak. 2. Hence: A light or wanton woman. Beau. & Fl. Lightroom Light"room` (?), n. A small room from which the magazine of a naval vessel is lighted, being separated from the magazine by heavy glass windows. lights lights (?), n. pl. [So called from their lightness.] The lungs of an animal or bird; -- sometimes coarsely applied to the lungs of a human being. Light-ship Light"-ship` (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel carrying at the masthead a brilliant light, and moored off a shoal or place of dangerous navigation as a guide for mariners. Lightsome Light"some (?), a. 1. Having light; lighted; not dark or gloomy; bright. White walls make rooms more lightsome than black. Bacon. 2. Gay; airy; cheering; exhilarating. That lightsome affection of joy. Hooker. -- Light"some*ly, adv. -- Light"some*ness, n. Happiness may walk soberly in dark attire, as well as dance lightsomely in a gala dress. Hawthorne. Light-winged Light"-winged` (?), a. Having light and active wings; volatile; fleeting. Shak. Lightwood Light"wood` (?), n. Pine wood abounding in pitch, used for torches in the Southern United States; pine knots, dry sticks, and the like, for kindling a fire quickly or making a blaze. Lighty Light"y (?), a. Illuminated. [Obs.] Wyclif. Lign-aloes Lign`-al"oes (?), n. [OE. ligne aloes, fr. L. lignum wood + aloe aloe.] 1. Aloes wood, or agallochum. See Agallochum. 2. A fragrant tree mentioned in the Bible. Num. xxiv. 6. Ligneous Lig"ne*ous (?), a. [L. ligneus, fr. lignum wood. Cf. Lignous.] Made of wood; consisting of wood; of the nature of, or resembling, wood; woody. It should be tried with shoots of vines and roots of red roses; for it may be they, being of a moreligneous nature, will incorporate with the tree itself. Bacon. Ligneous marble, wood coated or prepared so as to resemble marble. Ligniferous Lig*nif`er*ous (?), a. [L. lignifer; lignum wood + ferre to bear: cf. F. lignif\'8are.] Yielding or producing wood. Lignification Lig`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. lignification. See Lignify.] (Bot.) A change in the character of a cell wall, by which it becomes harder. It is supposed to be due to an incrustation of lignin. Ligniform Lig"ni*form (?), a. [L. lignum wood + -form: cf. F. ligniforme.] Like wood. Lignify Lig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lignified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lignifying (?).] [L. lignum wood + -fy: cf. F. lignifier.] (Bot.) To convert into wood or into a ligneous substance. Lignify Lig"ni*fy, v. i. (Bot.) To become wood. Lignin Lig"nin (?), n. [L. lignum wood: cf. F. lignine.] (Bot.) A substance characterizing wood cells and differing from cellulose in its conduct with certain chemical reagents. NOTE: &hand; Re cent au thors have distinguished four forms of this substance, naming them lignose, lignin, lignone, and lignireose. Ligniperdous Lig`ni*per"dous (?), a. [L. lignum wood + perdere to destroy: cf. F. ligniperde.] (Zo\'94l.) Wood-destroying; -- said of certain insects. Lignireose Lig*nir"e*ose` (?), n. (Bot.) See Lignin. Lignite Lig"nite (?), n. [L. lignum wood: cf. F. lignite.] (Min.) Mineral coal retaining the texture of the wood from which it was formed, and burning with an empyreumatic odor. It is of more recent origin than the anthracite and bituminous coal of the proper coal series. Called also brown coal, wood coal. Lignitic Lig*nit"ic (?), a. Containing lignite; resembling, or of the nature of, lignite; as, lignitic clay. Lignitic group. See Laramie group. Lignitiferous Lig`ni*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Lignite + -ferous.] Producing or containing lignite; lignitic. Lignoceric Lig`no*cer"ic (?), a. [L. lignum wood + cera wax.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the formic acid series, found in the tar, wax, or paraffine obtained by distilling certain kinds of wood, as the beech. Lignone Lig"none` (?), n. (Bot.) See Lignin. Lignose, Lignous Lig*nose` (?), Lig"nous (?), a. [L. lignosus, fr. lignum wood: cf. F. ligneux. Cf. Ligneous.] Ligneous. [R.] Evelyn. Lignose Lig"nose` (?), n. 1. (Bot.) See Lignin. 2. (Chem.) An explosive compound of wood fiber and nitroglycerin. See Nitroglycerin. Lignum rhodium Lig"num rho"di*um (?). [NL., fr. L. lignum wood + Gr. (Bot.) The fragrant wood of several shrubs and trees, especially of species of Rhodorhiza from the Canary Islands, and of the West Indian Amyris balsamifera. Lignum-vitae Lig"num-vi"tae (?), n. [L., wood of life; lignum wood + vita, genitive vit\'91, life.] (Bot.) A tree (Guaiacum officinale) found in the warm latitudes of America, from which the guaiacum of medicine is procured. Its wood is very hard and heavy, and is used for various mechanical purposes, as for the wheels of ships' blocks, cogs, bearings, and the like. See Guaiacum. NOTE: &hand; In Ne w Ze aland the Metrosideros buxifolia is called lignum-vit\'91, and in Australia a species of Acacia. The bastard lignum-vit\'91 is a West Indian tree (Sarcomphalus laurinus). Ligroin Lig"ro*in (?), n. A trade name applied somewhat indefinitely to some of the volatile products obtained in refining crude petroleum. It is a complex and variable mixture of several hydrocarbons, generally boils below 170° Fahr., and is more inflammable than safe kerosene. It is used as a solvent, as a carburetant for air gas, and for illumination in special lamps. _________________________________________________________________ Page 853 Ligsam Lig"sam (?), n. [Cf. D. liggen to lie, E. lie to be prostrate, and E. flotsam, jetsam, or ligan.] Same as Ligan. Brande & C. Ligula Lig"u*la (?), n.; pl. L. Ligul\'91 (#), E. Ligulas (#). [L., a little tongue. See Ligule.] 1. (Bot.) See Ligule. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The central process, or front edge, of the labium of insects. It sometimes serves as a tongue or proboscis, as in bees. [See Illust. under Labium, and Hymenoptera.] (b) A tongue-shaped lobe of the parapodia of annelids. See Parapodium. Ligulate, Ligulated Lig"u*late (?), Lig"u*la`ted (?), a. [Cf. F. ligul\'82. See Ligule, and cf. Lingulate.] 1. (Bot.) Like a bandage, or strap; strap-shaped. 2. Composed of ligules. Ligulate flower, a species of compound flower, the florets of which have their corollets flat, spreading out toward the end, with the base only tubular. Ligule Lig"ule (?), n. [L.ligula, little tongue, dim of lingua tongue : cf. F. ligule.] 1. (Bot.) (a) The thin and scarious projection from the upper end of the sheath of leaf of grass. (b) A strap-shaped corolla of flowers of Composit\'91. 2. (Anat.) A band of white matter in the wall of fourth ventricle of the brain. Liguliflorous Lig`u*li*flo"rous (?), a. [Ligule + L. flos, floris, a flower.] (Bot.) Bearing only ligulate flowers; -- said of a large suborder of composite plants, such as the dandelion, hawkweed, etc. Ligure Lig"ure (?), n. [L. ligurius, Gr. leshem.] A kind of precious stone. The third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst. Ex. xxviii. 19. Ligustrin Li*gus"trin (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter principle found in the bark of the privet (Ligustrum vulgare), and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a warm, bitter taste; -- called also ligustron. Likable Lik"a*ble (?), a. Such as can be liked; such as to attract liking; as, a likable person. Thackeray. Like Like (?), a. [Compar. Liker (?); superl. Likest.] [OE. lik, ilik, gelic, AS. gel\'c6c, fr. pref. ge- + l\'c6c body, and orig. meaning, having the same body, shape, or appearance, and hence, like; akin to OS. gil\'c6k, D. gelijk, G. gleich, OHG. gil\'c6h, Icel. l\'c6kr, gl\'c6kr, Dan. lig, Sw. lik, Goth. galeiks, OS. lik body, D. lijk, G. leiche, Icel. l\'c6k, Sw. lik, Goth. leik. The English adverbial ending-ly is from the same adjective. Cf. Each, Such, Which.] 1. Having the same, or nearly the same, appearance, qualities, or characteristics; resembling; similar to; similar; alike; -- often with in and the particulars of the resemblance; as, they are like each other in features, complexion, and many traits of character. 'The as like you As cherry is to cherry. Shak. Like master, like man. Old Prov. He giveth snow like wool; he scattereth the hoar-frost like ashes. Ps. cxlvii. 16. NOTE: &hand; To, which formerly often followed like, is now usually omitted. 2. Equal, or nearly equal; as, fields of like extent. More clergymen were impoverished by the late war than ever in the like space before. Sprat. 3. Having probability; affording probability; probable; likely. [Likely is more used now.] Shak. But it is like the jolly world about us will scoff at the paradox of these practices. South. Many were not easy to be governed, nor like to conform themselves to strict rules. Clarendon. 4. Inclined toward; disposed to; as, to feel like taking a walk. Had like (followed by the infinitive), had nearly; came little short of. Had like to have been my utter overthrow. Sir W. Raleigh Ramona had like to have said the literal truth, . . . but recollected herself in time. Mrs. H. H. Jackson. Like figures (Geom.), similar figures. NOTE: &hand; Li ke is us ed as a su ffix, co nverting nouns into adjectives expressing resemblance to the noun; as, manlike, like a man; childlike, like a child; godlike, like a god, etc. Such compounds are readily formed whenever convenient, and several, as crescentlike, serpentlike, hairlike, etc., are used in this book, although, in some cases, not entered in the vocabulary. Such combinations as bell-like, ball-like, etc., are hyphened. Like Like, n. 1. That which is equal or similar to another; the counterpart; an exact resemblance; a copy. He was a man, take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like again. Shak. 2. A liking; a preference; inclination; -- usually in pl.; as, we all have likes and dislikes. Like Like, adv. [AS. gel\'c6ce. See Like, a.] 1. In a manner like that of; in a manner similar to; as, do not act like him. He maketh them to stagger like a drunken man. Job xii. 25. NOTE: &hand; Like, as here used, is regarded by some grammarians as a preposition. 2. In a like or similar manner. Shak. Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him. Ps. ciii. 13. 3. Likely; probably. "Like enough it will." Shak. Like Like, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Liking.] [OE. liken to please, AS. l\'c6cian, gel\'c6cian, fr.gel\'c6c. See Like, a.] 1. To suit; to please; to be agreeable to. [Obs.] Cornwall him liked best, therefore he chose there. R. of Gloucester. I willingly confess that it likes me much better when I find virtue in a fair lodging than when I am bound to seek it in an ill-favored creature. Sir P. Sidney. 2. To be pleased with in a moderate degree; to approve; to take satisfaction in; to enjoy. He proceeded from looking to liking, and from liking to loving. Sir P. Sidney. 3. To liken; to compare.[Obs.] Like me to the peasant boys of France. Shak. Like Like (?), v. i. 1. To be pleased; to choose. He may either go or stay, as he best likes. Locke. 2. To have an appearance or expression; to look; to seem to be (in a specified condition). [Obs.] You like well, and bear your years very well. Shak. 3. To come near; to avoid with difficulty; to escape narrowly; as, he liked to have been too late. Cf. Had like, under Like, a. [Colloq.] He probably got his death, as he liked to have done two years ago, by viewing the troops for the expedition from the wall of Kensington Garden. Walpole. To like of, to be pleased with. [Obs.] Massinger. Likehood Like"hood (?), n. Likelihood. [Obs.] South. Likelihood Like"li*hood (?), n. [Likely + -hood.] 1. Appearance; show; sign; expression. [Obs.] What of his heart perceive you in his face By any likelihood he showed to-day ? Shak. 2. Likeness; resemblance. [Obs.] There is no likelihood between pure light and black darkness, or between righteousness and reprobation. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. Appearance of truth or reality; probability; verisimilitude. Tennyson. Likeliness Like"li*ness, n. 1. Likelihood; probability. 2. Suitableness; agreeableness. [Obs.] Likely Like"ly, a. [Compar. Likelier (?); superl. Likeliest.] [That is, like-like. See Like, a.] 1. Worthy of belief; probable; credible; as, a likely story. It seems likely that he was in hope of being busy and conspicuous. Johnson. 2. Having probability; having or giving reason to expect; -- followed by the infinitive; as, it is likely to rain. 3. Similar; like; alike. [Obs.] Spenser. 4. Such as suits; good-looking; pleasing; agreeable; handsome. Shak. Milton. 5. Having such qualities as make success probable; well adapted to the place; promising; as, a likely young man; a likely servant. Likely Like"ly, adv. In all probability; probably. While man was innocent he was likely ignorant of nothing that imported him to know. Glanvill. Like-minded Like"-mind`ed (?), a. Having a like disposition or purpose; of the same mind. Tillotson. Liken Lik"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Likened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Likening.] [OE. liknen. See Like, a.] 1. To allege, or think, to be like; to represent as like; to compare; as, to liken life to a pilgrimage. Whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man which built his house upon a rock. Matt. vii. 24. 2. To make or cause to be like. [R.] Brougham. Likeness Like"ness, n. [AS. gel\'c6cnes.] 1. The state or quality of being like; similitude; resemblance; similarity; as, the likeness of the one to the other is remarkable. 2. Appearance or form; guise. An enemy in the likeness of a friend. L'Estrange. 3. That which closely resembles; a portrait. [How he looked] the likenesses of him which still remain enable us to imagine. Macaulay. 4. A comparison; parable; proverb. [Obs.] He said to them, Soothly ye shall say to me this likeness, Leech, heal thyself. Wyclif (Luke iv. 23). Syn. -- Similarity; parallel; similitude; representation; portrait; effigy. Likerous, a., Likerousness Lik"er*ous (?), a., Lik"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] See Lickerish, Lickerishness. Chaucer. Likewise Like"wise` (?), adv. & conj. [See Wise, n.] In like manner; also; moreover; too. See Also. Go, and do thou likewise. Luke x. 37. For he seeth that wise men die; likewise the fool and the brutish person perish. Ps. xlix. 10. Liking Lik"ing (?), p. a. Looking; appearing; as, better or worse liking. See Like, to look. [Obs.] Chaucer. Why should he see your faces worse liking than the children which are of your sort ? Dan. i. 10. Liking Lik"ing, n. 1. The state of being pleasing; a suiting. See On liking, below. [Obs. or Prov. End.] 2. The state of being pleased with, or attracted toward, some thing or person; hence, inclination; desire; pleasure; preference; -- often with for, formerly with to; as, it is an amusement I have no liking for. If the human intellect hath once taken a liking to any doctrine, . . . it draws everything else into harmony with that doctrine, and to its support. Bacon. 3. Appearance; look; figure; state of body as to health or condition. [Archaic] I shall think the worse of fat men, as long as I have an eye to make difference of men's liking. Shak. Their young ones are in good liking. Job. xxxix. 4. On liking, on condition of being pleasing to or suiting; also, on condition of being pleased with; as, to hold a place of service on liking; to engage a servant on liking. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Would he be the degenerate scion of that royal line . . . to be a king on liking and on sufferance ? Hazlitt. Lilac Li"lac (?), n. [Also lilach.] [Sp. lilac, lila, Ar.l\'c6lak, fr. Per. l\'c6laj, l\'c6lanj, l\'c6lang, n\'c6laj, n\'c6l, the indigo plant, or from the kindred l\'c6lak bluish, the flowers being named from the color. Cf. Anil.] 1. (Bot.) A shrub of the genus Syringa. There are six species, natives of Europe and Asia. Syringa vulgaris, the common lilac, and S. Persica, the Persian lilac, are frequently cultivated for the fragrance and beauty of their purplish or white flowers. In the British colonies various other shrubs have this name. 2. A light purplish color like that of the flower of the purplish lilac. California lilac (Bot.), a low shrub with dense clusters of purplish flowers (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus). Lilacin Lil"a*cin (?), n. (Chem.) See Syringin. Liliaceous Lil`i*a"ceous (?), a. [L. liliaceus, fr. lilium lily. See Lily.] (Bot.) (a) Of or pertaining to a natural order of which the lily, tulip, and hyacinth are well-known examples. (b) Like the blossom of a lily in general form. Lilial Lil"i*al (?), a. (Bot.) Having a general resemblance to lilies or to liliaceous plants. Lilied Lil"ied (?), a. Covered with, or having many, lilies. By sandy Ladon's lilied banks. Milton. Lill Lill (?), v. i. To loll. [Obs. or Prov.] Spenser. Lilliputian Lil`li*pu"tian (?), n. 1. One belonging to a very diminutive race described in Swift's "Voyage to Lilliput." 2. Hence: A person or thing of very small size. Lilliputian Lil`li*pu"tian, a. 1. Of or having to the imaginary island of Lilliput described by Swift, or to its inhabitants. 2. Hence: Of very small size; diminutive; dwarfed. Lilly-pilly Lil"ly-pil`ly (?), n. (Bot.) An Australian myrtaceous tree (Eugenia Smithii), having smooth ovate leaves, and panicles of small white flowers. The wood is hard and fine-grained. Lilt Lilt (?), v. i. [Cf. Norw. lilla, lirla, to sing in a high tone.] 1. To do anything with animation and quickness, as to skip, fly, or hop. [Prov. Eng.] Wordsworth. 2. To sing cheerfully. [Scot.] Lilt Lilt, v. t. To utter with spirit, animation, or gayety; to sing with spirit and liveliness. A classic lecture, rich in sentiment, With scraps of thundrous epic lilted out By violet-hooded doctors. Tennyson. Lilt Lilt, n. 1. Animated, brisk motion; spirited rhythm; sprightliness. The movement, the lilt, and the subtle charm of the verse. F. Harrison. 2. A lively song or dance; a cheerful tune. The housewife went about her work, or spun at her wheel, with a lilt upon her lips. J. C. Shairp. Lily Lil"y (?), n.; pl. Lilies (#). [AS. lilie, L. lilium, Gr. Flower-de-luce.] 1. (Bot.) A plant and flower of the genus Lilium, endogenous bulbous plants, having a regular perianth of six colored pieces, six stamens, and a superior three-celled ovary. NOTE: &hand; There are nearly fifty species, all found in the North Temperate zone. Lilium candidum and L. longiflorum are the common white lilies of gardens; L. Philadelphicum is the wild red lily of the Atlantic States. L. Chalcedonicum is supposed to be the "lily of the field" in our Lord's parable; L. auratum is the great gold-banded lily of Japan. 2. (Bot.) A name given to handsome flowering plants of several genera, having some resemblance in color or form to a true lily, as Pancratium, Crinum, Amaryllis, Nerine, etc. 3. That end of a compass needle which should point to the north; -- so called as often ornamented with the figure of a lily or fleur-de-lis. But sailing further, it veers its lily to the west. Sir T. Browne. African lily (Bot.), the blue-flowered Agapanthus umbellatus. -- Atamasco lily (Bot.), a plant of the genus Zephyranthes (Z. Atamasco), having a white and pink funnelform perianth, with six petal-like divisions resembling those of a lily. Gray. -- Blackberry lily (Bot.), the Pardanthus Chinensis, the black seeds of which form a dense like a blackberry. -- Bourbon lily (Bot.), Lilium candidum. See Illust. -- Butterfly lily. (Bot.) Same as Mariposa lily, in the Vocabulary. -- Lily daffodil (Bot.), a plant of the genus Narcissus, and its flower. -- Lily encrinite (Paleon.), a fossil encrinite, esp. Encrinus liliiformis. See Encrinite. -- Lily hyacinth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Hyacinthus. -- Lily iron, a kind of harpoon with a detachable head of peculiar shape, used in capturing swordfish. <-- illustration: Lily Iron --> -- Lily of the valley (Bot.), a low perennial herb (Convallaria majalis), having a raceme of nodding, fragrant, white flowers. <-- illustration: Lily of the valley --> -- Lily pad, the large floating leaf of the water lily. [U. S.] Lowell. -- Tiger lily (Bot.), Lilium tigrinum, the sepals of which are blotched with black. -- Turk's-cap lily (Bot.) Lilium Martagon, a red lily with recurved sepals; also, the similar American lily, L. superbum. -- Water lily (Bot.), the Nymph\'91a, a plant with floating roundish leaves, and large flowers having many petals, usually white, but sometimes pink, red, blue, or yellow. [See Illust. of Nymph\'91a.] Lily-handed Lil"y-hand`ed (?), a. Having white, delicate hands. Lily-livered Lil"y-liv`ered (?), a. White-livered; cowardly. Lilywort Lil"y*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the Lily family or order. Lindley. Lim Lim (?), n. [See Limb.] A limb. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lima Li"ma (?), n. The capital city of Peru, in South America. Lima bean. (Bot.) (a) A variety of climbing or pole bean (Phaseolus lunatus), which has very large flattish seeds. (b) The seed of this plant, much used for food. -- Lima wood (Bot.), the beautiful dark wood of the South American tree C\'91salpinia echinata. _________________________________________________________________ Page 854 Limaceous Li*ma"ceous (?), a. [L. limax, limacis, slug, snail: cf. F. limac\'82.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or like, Limax, or the slugs. Limacina Lim`a*ci"na (?), n. [NL., From L. limax, limacis, a slug.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small spiral pteropods, common in the Arctic and Antarctic seas. It contributes to the food of the right whales. Lima Li`ma` (?), n. [F. lima, lit., a snail.] (Geom.) A curve of the fourth degree, invented by Pascal. Its polar equation is r = a cos + b. Limaille Li"maille (?), n. [F., fr. limer to file. See Limation.] Filings of metal. [Obs.] "An ounce . . . of silver lymaille." Chaucer. Liman Li"man (?), n. [F. limon, fr. L. limus slime.] The deposit of slime at the mouth of a river; slime. Limation Li*ma"tion (?), n. [L. limatus, p. p. of limare to file, fr. lima file : cf. F. limation.] The act of filing or polishing. Limature Li"ma*ture (?), n. [L. limatura. See Limation.] 1. The act of filing. 2. That which is filed off; filings. Johnson. Limax Li"max (?), n. [L.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of airbreathing mollusks, including the common garden slugs. They have a small rudimentary shell. The breathing pore is on the right side of the neck. Several species are troublesome in gardens. See Slug. Limb Limb (?), n. [OE. lim, AS. lim; akin to Icel. limr limb, lim branch of a tree, Sw. & Dan. lem limb; cf. also AS. li, OHG. lid, gilid, G. glied, Goth. lipus. Cf. Lith, Limber.] 1. A part of a tree which extends from the trunk and separates into branches and twigs; a large branch. 2. An arm or a leg of a human being; a leg, arm, or wing of an animal. A second Hector for his grim aspect, And large proportion of his strong-knit limbs. Shak. 3. A thing or person regarded as a part or member of, or attachment to, something else. Shak. That little limb of the devil has cheated the gallows. Sir W. Scott. 4. An elementary piece of the mechanism of a lock. Limb of the law, a lawyer or an officer of the law. [Colloq.] Landor. Limb Limb, v. t. 1. To supply with limbs. [R.] Milton. 2. To dismember; to tear off the limbs of. Limb Limb, n. [L. limbus border. Cf. Limbo, Limbus.] A border or edge, in certain special uses. (a) (Bot.) The border or upper spreading part of a monopetalous corolla, or of a petal, or sepal; blade. (b) (Astron.) The border or edge of the disk of a heavenly body, especially of the sun and moon. (c) The graduated margin of an arc or circle, in an instrument for measuring angles. Limbat Lim"bat (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A cooling periodical wind in the Isle of Cyprus, blowing from the northwest from eight o'clock, A. M., to the middle of the day or later. Limbate Lim"bate (?), a. [L. limbatus, fr. limbus border, edge. See Limbus.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Bordered, as when one color is surrounded by an edging of another. Limbec Lim"bec (?), n. [Abbrev. of alembic.] An alembic; a still. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak. Limbec Lim"bec, v. t. To distill. [Obs.] Dryden. Limbed Limbed (?), a. Having limbs; -- much used in composition; as, large-limbed; short-limbed. Innumerous living creatures, perfect forms, Limbed and full grown. Milton. Limber Lim"ber (?), n. [For limmer, Icel. limar branches, boughs, pl. of lim; akin to E. limb. See Limb a branch.] 1. pl. The shafts or thills of a wagon or carriage. [Prov. Eng.] 2. (Mil.) The detachable fore part of a gun carriage, consisting of two wheels, an axle, and a shaft to which the horses are attached. On top is an ammunition box upon which the cannoneers sit. 3. pl. (Naut.) Gutters or conduits on each side of the keelson to afford a passage for water to the pump well. Limber boards (Naut.), short pieces of plank forming part of the lining of a ship's floor immediately above the timbers, so as to prevent the limbers from becoming clogged. -- Limber box OR chest (Mil.), a box on the limber for carrying ammunition. -- Limber rope, Limber chain OR Limber clearer (Naut.), a rope or chain passing through the limbers of a ship, by which they may be cleared of dirt that chokes them. Totten. -- Limber strake (Shipbuilding), the first course of inside planking next the keelson. Limber Lim"ber v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Limbering.] (Mil.) To attach to the limber; as, to limber a gun. To limber up, to change a gun carriage into a four-wheeled vehicle by attaching the limber. <-- (b) to render limber, esp. to perform light exercises so as to stretch the muscles and tendons gently in preparation for vigorous activity (and thus to avoid straining the muscles by too sudden exertion after prolonged inactivity) --> Limber Lim"ber, a. [Akin to lim, a. Limp, a.] Easily bent; flexible; pliant; yielding. Milton. The bargeman that doth row with long and limber oar. Turbervile. Limber Lim"ber, v. t. To cause to become limber; to make flexible or pliant. Richardson. Limberness Lim"ber*ness, n. The quality or state of being limber; flexibleness. Boyle. Limbless Limb"less (?), a. Destitute of limbs. Limbmeal Limb"meal` (?), adv. [See Limb, and Piecemeal.] Piecemeal. [Obs.] "To tear her limbmeal." Shak. Limbo, Limbus Lim"bo (?), Lim"bus (?), n. [L. limbus border, edge in limbo on the border. Cf. Limb border.] 1. (Scholastic Theol.) An extramundane region where certain classes of souls were supposed to await the judgment. As far from help as Limbo is from bliss. Shak. A Limbo large and broad, since called The Paradise of fools. Milton. NOTE: &hand; Th e li mbus pa trum was considered as a place for the souls of good men who lived before the coming of our Savior. The limbus infantium was said to be a similar place for the souls of unbaptized infants. To these was added, in the popular belief, the limbus fatuorum, or fool's paradise, regarded as a receptacle of all vanity and nonsense. 2. Hence: Any real or imaginary place of restraint or confinement; a prison; as, to put a man in limbo. <-- hence: a state of waiting, or uncertainty, in which final judgment concerning the outcome of a decision is postponed, perhaps indefinitely; neglect for an indefinite time --> 3. (Anat.) A border or margin; as, the limbus of the cornea. <-- 4. A West Indian dance contest, in which participants must dance under a pole which is lowered successively until only one participant can successfully pass under, without falling. [MW10 Jamaican E limba to bend, fr. E. limber (1950)]. Often performed at celebrations, such as weddings. (1950-1996) --> Limbous Lim"bous (?), a. [See Limbus.] (Anat.) With slightly overlapping borders; -- said of a suture. Lime Lime (?), n. [See Leam a string.] A thong by which a dog is led; a leash. Halliwell. Lime Lime, n. [Formerly line, for earlier lind. See Linden.] (Bot.) The linden tree. See Linden. Lime Lime, n. [F. lime; of Persian origin. See Lemon.] (Bot.) A fruit allied to the lemon, but much smaller; also, the tree which bears it. There are two kinds; Citrus Medica, var. acida which is intensely sour, and the sweet lime (C. Medica, var. Limetta) which is only slightly sour. Lime Lime, n. [AS. l\'c6m; akin to D. lijm, G. leim, OHG. l\'c6m, L. limus mud, linere to smear, and E. loam. . Cf. Loam, Liniment.] 1. Birdlime. Like the lime That foolish birds are caught with. Wordsworth. 2. (Chem.) Oxide of calcium; the white or gray, caustic substance, usually called quicklime, obtained by calcining limestone or shells, the heat driving off carbon dioxide and leaving lime. It develops great heat when treated with water, forming slacked lime, <-- ##sic, and thus intended (see slack, v.t.), but now it should be "slaked lime" -->and is an essential ingredient of cement, plastering, mortar, etc.<-- CaO --> NOTE: &hand; Li me is th e pr incipal co nstituent of li mestone, marble, chalk, bones, shells, etc. Caustic lime, calcium hydrate or slacked lime; also, in a less technical sense, calcium oxide or quicklime.<-- Calcium hydroxide = slaked lime --> -- Lime burner, one who burns limestone, shells, etc., to make lime. -- Lime light. See Calcium light under Calcium.<-- as one word, limelight means the center of public attention, esp. in the phrase "in the limelight" --> -- Lime pit, a limestone quarry. -- Lime rod, Lime twig, a twig smeared with birdlime; hence, that which catches; a snare. Chaucer. Lime Lime, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Liming.] [Cf. AS. gel\'c6man to glue or join together. See Lime a viscous substance.] 1. To smear with a viscous substance, as birdlime. These twigs, in time, will come to be limed. L'Estrange. 2. To entangle; to insnare. We had limed ourselves With open eyes, and we must take the chance. Tennyson. 3. To treat with lime, or oxide or hydrate of calcium; to manure with lime; as, to lime hides for removing the hair; to lime sails in order to whiten them. Land may be improved by draining, marling, and liming. Sir J. Child. 4. To cement. "Who gave his blood to lime the stones together." Shak. <-- Lime, lime-colored. adj. having a yellowish-green color like that of the lime. -- n. the lime color. --> Limehound Lime"hound` (?), n. [Lime a leash + hound.] A dog used in hunting the wild boar; a leamer. Spenser. Limekiln Lime"kiln` (?), n. A kiln or furnace in which limestone or shells are burned and reduced to lime. Limenean Li*men"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Lima, or to the inhabitants of Lima, in Peru. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Lima. Limer Lim"er (?), n. A limehound; a limmer. Chaucer. Limestone Lime"stone` (?), n. A rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime. It sometimes contains also magnesium carbonate, and is then called magnesian or dolomitic limestone. Crystalline limestone is called marble. Lime twig Lime twig. See under 4th Lime. Lime-twigged Lime"-twigged` (?), a. Beset with snares; insnared, as with birdlime. L. Addison. Limewater Lime"wa`ter (?), n. Water impregnated with lime; esp., an artificial solution of lime for medicinal purposes. Limicol\'91 Li*mic"o*l\'91 (?), n. pl. [L. limicola a dweller in the mud; limus mud + colere to dwell.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of shore birds, embracing the plovers, sandpipers, snipe, curlew, etc. ; the Grall\'91. Limicoline Li*mic"o*line (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Shore-inhabiting; of or pertaining to the Limicol\'91. Liminess Lim"i*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being limy. Limit Lim"it (?), n. [From L. limes, limitis: cf. F.limite; -or from E. limit, v. See Limit, v. t.] 1. That which terminates, circumscribes, restrains, or confines; the bound, border, or edge; the utmost extent; as, the limit of a walk, of a town, of a country; the limits of human knowledge or endeavor. As eager of the chase, the maid Beyond the forest's verdant limits strayed. Pope. 2. The space or thing defined by limits. The archdeacon hath divided it Into three limits very equally. Shak. 3. That which terminates a period of time; hence, the period itself; the full time or extent. The dateless limit of thy dear exile. Shak. The limit of your lives is out. Shak. 4. A restriction; a check; a curb; a hindrance. I prithee, give no limits to my tongue. Shak. 5. (Logic & Metaph.) A determining feature; a distinguishing characteristic a differentia. 6. (Math.) A determinate quantity, to which a variable one continually approaches, and may differ from it by less than any given difference, but to which, under the law of variation, the variable can never become exactly equivalent. Elastic limit. See under Elastic. -- Prison limits, a definite, extent of space in or around a prison, within which a prisoner has liberty to go and come. Syn. -- Boundary; border; edge; termination; restriction; bound; confine. Limit Lim"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limited; p. pr. & vb. n. Limiting.] [F. limiter, L. limitare, fr. limes, limitis, limit; prob. akin to limen threshold, E. eliminate; cf. L. limus sidelong.] To apply a limit to, or set a limit for; to terminate, circumscribe, or restrict, by a limit or limits; as, to limit the acreage of a crop; to limit the issue of paper money; to limit one's ambitions or aspirations; to limit the meaning of a word. Limiting parallels (Astron.), those parallels of latitude between which only an occultation of a star or planet by the moon, in a given case, can occur. Limit Lim"it, v. i. To beg, or to exercise functions, within a certain limited region; as, a limiting friar. [Obs.] Limitable Lim"it*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being limited. Limitaneous Lim`i*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. limitancus. See Limit, v. t.] Of or pertaining to a limit. [Obs.] Limitarian Lim`i*ta"ri*an (?), a. Tending to limit. Limitary Lim"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L.limitaris. See Limit , v. t.] 1. Placed at the limit, as a guard. "Proud limitary cherub." Milton. 2. Confined within limits; limited in extent, authority, power, etc. "The limitary ocean." Trench. The poor, limitary creature calling himself a man of the world. De Quincey. 3. Limiting, or tending to limit; restrictive. Doctrines limitary, if not subversive of the papal power. Milman. Limitary Lim"i*ta*ry, n.; pl. -ries (. 1. That which serves to limit; a boundary; border land. [Obs.] Fuller. 2. A limiter. See Limiter, 2. Limitate Lim"i*tate (?), a. [L. limitatus, p. p. of limitare to limit. See Limit, v. t. ] Bounded by a distinct line. Limitation Lim`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. limitatio: cf. F. Limitation. See Limit, v. t.] 1. The act of limiting; the state or condition of being limited; as, the limitation of his authority was approved by the council. They had no right to mistake the limitation . . . of their own faculties, for an inherent limitation of the possible modes of existence in the universe. J. S. Mill. 2. That which limits; a restriction; a qualification; a restraining condition, defining circumstance, or qualifying conception; as, limitations of thought. The cause of error is ignorance what restraints and limitations all principles have in regard of the matter whereunto they are applicable. Hooker. 3. A certain precinct within which friars were allowed to beg, or exercise their functions; also, the time during which they were permitted to exercise their functions in such a district. Chaucer. Latimer. 4. A limited time within or during which something is to be done. You have stood your limitation, and the tribunes Endue you with the people's voice. Shak. 5. (Law) (a) A certain period limited by statute after which the claimant shall not enforce his claims by suit. (b) A settling of an estate or property by specific rules. (c) A restriction of power; as, a constitutional limitation. Wharton. Bouvier. To know one's own limitations, to know the reach and limits of one's abilities. A. R. Wallace. Limited Lim"it*ed (?), a. Confined within limits; narrow; circumscribed; restricted; as, our views of nature are very limited. Limited company, a company in which the liability of each shareholder is limited by the number of shares he has taken, so that he can not be called on to contribute beyond the amount of his shares. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Limitedly Lim"it*ed*ly, adv. With limitation. limitedness lim"it*ed*ness, n. The quality of being limited. Limiter Lim"it*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, limits. 2. A friar licensed to beg within certain bounds, or whose duty was limited to a certain district. [Formerly written also limitour.] Chaucer. A limitour of the Gray Friars, in the time of his limitation, preached many times, and had one sermon at all times. Latimer. Limitive Lim"it*ive (?), a. Involving a limit; as, a limitive law, one designed to limit existing powers. [R.] Limitless Lim"it*less, a. Having no limits; unbounded; boundless. Davies (Wit's Pilgr.). Limitour Lim"it*our (?), n. See Limiter, 2. Limmer Lim"mer (?), a. Limber. [Obs.] Holland. Limmer Lim"mer, n. [F. limier. See Leamer.] 1. A limehound; a leamer. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A mongrel, as a cross between the mastiff and hound. 3. A low, base fellow; also, a prostitute. [Scot.] Thieves, limmers, and broken men of the Highlands. Sir W. Scott. 4. (Naut.) A man rope at the side of a ladder. Limn Limn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Limned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Limning (?).] [OE. limnen, fr. luminen, for enluminen, F. enluminer to illuminate, to limn, LL. illuminare to paint. Illuminate, Luminous.] 1. To draw or paint; especially, to represent in an artistic way with pencil or brush. Let a painter carelessly limn out a million of faces, and you shall find them all different. Sir T. Browne. 2. To illumine, as books or parchments, with ornamental figures, letters, or borders. _________________________________________________________________ Page 855 Lim n\'91a Lim *n\'91"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fresh-water air-breathing mollusks, abundant in ponds and streams; -- called also pond snail. [Written also Lymn\'91a.] Limner Lim"ner (?), n. [F. enlumineur, LL. illuminator. See Limn, and cf. Alluminor.] A painter; an artist; esp.: (a) One who paints portraits. (b) One who illuminates books. [Archaic] Limniad Lim"ni*ad (?), n. [Gr. (Myth.) See Limoniad. Limning Lim"ning (?), n. The act, process, or art of one who limns; the picture or decoration so produced. Adorned with illumination which we now call limning. Wood. Limoges Li*moges" (?), n. A city of Southern France. Limoges enamel, a kind of enamel ware in which the enamel is applied to the whole surface of a metal plaque, vase, or the like, and painted in enamel colors. The art was brought to a high degree of perfection in Limoges in the 16th century. -- Limoges ware. (a) Articles decorated with Limoges enamel. (b) Articles of porcelain, etc., manufactured at Limoges. Limoniad Li*mo"ni*ad (?), n. [L. limoniades, pl., Gr. (Class. Myth.) A nymph of the meadows; -- called also Limniad. Limonin Li*mo"nin (?), n. [From NL. Citrus Medica, var. Limonum, the scientific name of the lemon.] (Chem.) A bitter, white, crystalline substance found in orange and lemon seeds. Limonite Li"mon*ite (?), n. [Gr. limonite, G. limonit.] (Min.) Hydrous sesquixoide of iron, an important ore of iron, occurring in stalactitic, mammillary, or earthy forms, of a dark brown color, yellowish brown powder. It includes bog iron. Also called brown hematite. Limosis Li*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A ravenous appetite caused by disease; excessive and morbid hunger. Limous Li"mous (?), a. [L. limosus, fr. limus slime, mud.] Muddy; slimy; thick. Sir T. Browne. Limp Limp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Limped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Limping.] [Cf. AS. lemphealt lame, OHG. limphen to limp, be weak; perh. akin to E. lame, or to limp, a To halt; to walk lamely. Also used figuratively. Shak. Limp Limp, n. A halt; the act of limping. Limp Limp, n. (Ore Washing) A scraper for removing poor ore or refuse from the sieve. Limp Limp, a. [Cf. Icel. limpa limpness, weakness, and E.lap, n., lop, v. t. Cf. Limber, a.] 1. Flaccid; flabby, as flesh. Walton. 2. Lacking stiffness; flimsy; as, a limp cravat. Limper Limp"er (?), n. One who limps. Limpet Lim"pet (?), n. [Prob. through French fr. L. lepas, -adis, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) 1. In a general sense, any hatshaped, or conical, gastropod shell. 2. Any one of many species of marine shellfish of the order Docoglossa, mostly found adhering to rocks, between tides. NOTE: &hand; The common European limpets of the genus Patella (esp. P. vulgata) are extensively used as food. The common New England species is Acm\'91a testudinalis. Numerous species of limpets occur on the Pacific coast of America, some of them of large size. 3. Any species of Siphonaria, a genus of limpet-shaped Pulmonifera, living between tides, on rocks. 4. A keyhole limpet. See Fissurella. Limpid Lim"pid (?), a. [L.limpidus; akin to Gr. limpide. Cf. Lamp.] Characterized by clearness or transparency; clear; as, a limpid stream. Springs which were clear, fresh, and limpid. Woodward. Syn. -- Clear; transparent; pellucid; lucid; pure; crystal; translucent; bright. Limpidity Lim*pid"i*ty (?), n. [L. limpiditas: cf. F. limpidit\'82.] The quality or state of being limpid. Limpidness Lim"pid*ness (?), n. Quality of being limpid; limpidity. Limpin Lim"pin (?), n. A limpet. [Obs.] Holland. Limpingly Limp"ing*ly (?), adv. In a limping manner. Limpitude Limp"i*tude (?), n. Limpidity. [Obs.] Limpkin Limp"kin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Either one of two species of wading birds of the genus Aramus, intermediate between the cranes and rails. The limpkins are remarkable for the great length of the toes. One species (A. giganteus) inhabits Florida and the West Indies; the other (A. scolopaceus) is found in South America. Called also courlan, and crying bird. Limpness Limp"ness, n. The quality or state of being limp. Limpsy, Limsy Limp"sy (?), Lim"sy (?), a. [See Limp, a., and cf. W. llymsi having a fickle motion, weak. Cf. Flimsy.] Limp; flexible; flimsy. [Local, U. S.] Limu Li"mu (?), n. (Bot.) The Hawaiian name for seaweeds. Over sixty kinds are used as food, and have species names, as Limu Lipoa, Limu palawai, etc. Limule Lim"ule (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) A limulus. Limuloidea Lim`u*loi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Limulus, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Merostomata, including among living animals the genus Limulus, with various allied fossil genera, mostly of the Carboniferous period. Called also Xiphosura. NOTE: &hand; There are six pairs of leglike organs, surrounding the mouth, most of which terminate in claws; those of the first pair (probably mandibles) are the smallest; the others have the basal joints thickened and spinose, to serve as jaws, while the terminal joints serve as legs. This group is intermediate, in some characteristics, between crustaceans and certain arachnids (scorpions), but the respiration is by means of lamellate gills borne upon the five posterior abdominal appendages, which are flat and united in pairs by their inner edges, and are protected by the lidlike anterior pair, which also bear the genital orifices. Limulus Lim"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Limuli (-l&imac;). [L., dim. of limus sidelong, askance.] (Zo\'94l.) The only existing genus of Merostomata. It includes only a few species from the East Indies, and one (Limulus polyphemus) from the Atlantic coast of North America. Called also Molucca crab, king crab, horseshoe crab, and horsefoot. Limy Lim"y (?), a. [See 4th Lime.] 1. Smeared with, or consisting of, lime; viscous. "Limy snares.' Spenser. 2. Containing lime; as, a limy soil. 3. Resembling lime; having the qualities of lime. Lin Lin (?), v. i. [AS. linnan. See Lithe.] To yield; to stop; to cease. [Obs. or Scot.] Marsion. Lin Lin, n. [Ir. linn, or Gael. linne; akin to W. llyn a pool, pond, lake, but in senses 2 and 3 prob. from AS.hlynn torrent. Cf. Dunlin.] 1. A pool or collection of water, particularly one above or below a fall of water. 2. A waterfall, or cataract; as, a roaring lin. 3. A steep ravine. NOTE: &hand; Written also linn and lyn. Linage Lin"age (?), n. See Lineage. [Obs.] Holland. Linament Lin"a*ment (?), n. [L. linamentum, fr. linum flax.] (Surg.) Lint; esp., lint made into a tent for insertion into wounds or ulcers. Linarite Li*nar`ite (?), n. [So called because formerly supposed to occur at Linares, in Spain.] (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of lead and copper occurring in bright blue monoclinic crystals. Linch Linch (?), n. [AS. hlinc a hill.] A ledge; a right-angled projection. Linchi Lin"chi (?), n. [Native Chinese name.] (Zo\'94l.) An esculent swallow. Linchpin Linch"pin` (?), n. [AS. lynis the axletree; akin to D. luns linchpin, OS. lunisa, LG. lunse, G. l\'81nse, OHG. lun peg, bolt.] A pin used to prevent the wheel of a vehicle from sliding off the axletree. Lincoln green Lin"coln green" (?). A color of cloth formerly made in Lincoln, England; the cloth itself. Lincture, Linctus Linc"ture (?), Linc"tus (?), n. [L. lingere, linctum, to lick.] Medicine taken by licking with the tongue. Lind Lind (?), n. The linden. See Linden. Chaucer. Linden Lin"den (?), n. [Orig. an adj. from lind linden tree, AS. lind; akin to D. & G. linde, OHG. linta, Icel., Sw., & Dan. lind. Cf. Lime linden.] (Bot.) (a) A handsome tree (Tilia Europ\'91a), having cymes of light yellow flowers, and large cordate leaves. The tree is common in Europe. (b) In America, the basswood, or Tilia Americana. Lindia Lin"di*a (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar genus of rotifers, remarkable for the absence of ciliated disks. By some zo\'94logists it is thought to be like the ancestral form of the Arthropoda. Lindiform Lin"di*form (?), a. [Lindia + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling the genus Lindia; -- said of certain apodous insect larv\'91. [See Illust. under Larva.] Line Line (?), n. [OE. lin. See Linen.] 1. Flax; linen. [Obs.] "Garments made of line." Spenser. 2. The longer and fiber of flax. Line Line, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lining.] 1. To cover the inner surface of; as, to line a cloak with silk or fur; to line a box with paper or tin. The inside lined with rich carnation silk. W. Browne. 2. To put something in the inside of; to fill; to supply, as a purse with money. The charge amounteth very high for any one man's purse, except lined beyond ordinary, to reach unto. Carew. Till coffee has her stomach lined. Swift. 3. To place persons or things along the side of for security or defense; to strengthen by adding; to fortify; as, to line works with soldiers. Line and new repair our towns of war With men of courage and with means defendant. Shak. 4. To impregnate; -- applied to brute animals. Creech. Lined gold, gold foil having a lining of another metal. Line Line, n. [OE. line, AS. l\'c6ne cable, hawser, prob. from L. linea a linen thread, string, line, fr. linum flax, thread, linen, cable; but the English word was influenced by F. ligne line, from the same L. word linea. See Linen.] 1. linen thread or string; a slender, strong cord; also, a cord of any thickness; a rope; a hawser; as, a fishing line; a line for snaring birds; a clothesline; a towline. Who so layeth lines for to latch fowls. Piers Plowman. 2. A more or less threadlike mark of pen, pencil, or graver; any long mark; as, a chalk line. 3. The course followed by anything in motion; hence, a road or route; as, the arrow descended in a curved line; the place is remote from lines of travel. 4. Direction; as, the line sight or vision. 5. A row of letters, words, etc., written or printed; esp., a row of words extending across a page or column. 6. A short letter; a note; as, a line from a friend. 7. (Poet.) A verse, or the words which form a certain number of feet, according to the measure. In the preceding line Ulysses speaks of Nausicaa. Broome. 8. Course of conduct, thought, occupation, or policy; method of argument; department of industry, trade, or intellectual activity. He is uncommonly powerful in his own line, but it is not the line of a first-rate man. Coleridge. 9. (Math.) That which has length, but not breadth or thickness. 10. The exterior limit of a figure, plat, or territory; boundary; contour; outline. Eden stretched her line From Auran eastward to the royal towers Of great Seleucia. Milton. 11. A threadlike crease marking the face or the hand; hence, characteristic mark. Though on his brow were graven lines austere. Byron. He tipples palmistry, and dines On all her fortune-telling lines. Cleveland. 12. Lineament; feature; figure. "The lines of my boy's face." Shak. 13. A straight row; a continued series or rank; as, a line of houses, or of soldiers; a line of barriers. Unite thy forces and attack their lines. Dryden. 14. A series or succession of ancestors or descand ants of a given person; a family or race; as, the ascending or descending line; the line of descent; the male line; a line of kings. Of his lineage am I, and his offspring By very line, as of the stock real. Chaucer. 15. A connected series of public conveyances, and hence, an established arrangement for forwarding merchandise, etc. ; as, a line of stages; an express line. 16. (Geog.) (a) A circle of latitude or of longitude, as represented on a map. (b) The equator; -- usually called the line, or equinoctial line; as, to cross the line. 17. A long tape, or a narrow ribbon of steel, etc., marked with subdivisions, as feet and inches, for measuring; a tapeline. 18. (Script.) (a) A measuring line or cord. He marketh it out with a line. Is. xliv. 13. (b) That which was measured by a line, as a field or any piece of land set apart; hence, allotted place of abode. The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yes. I have a goodly heritage. Ps. xvi. 6. (c) Instruction; doctrine. Their line is gone out through all the earth. Ps. xix. 4. 19. (Mach.) The proper relative position or adjustment of parts, not as to design or proportion, but with reference to smooth working; as, the engine is in line or out of line or out of line. 20. The track and roadbed of a railway; railroad. 21. (Mil.) (a) A row of men who are abreast of one another, whether side by side or some distance apart; -- opposed to column. (b) The regular infantry of an army, as distinguished from militia, guards, volunteer corps, cavalry, artillery, etc. 22. (Fort.) (a) A trench or rampart. (b) pl. Dispositions made to cover extended positions, and presenting a front in but one direction to an enemy. 23. pl. (Shipbuilding) form of a vessel as shown by the outlines of vertical, horizontal, and obique sections. 24. (Mus.) One of the straight horizontal and parallel prolonged strokes on and between which the notes are placed. 25. (Stock Exchange) A number of shares taken by a jobber. 26. (Trade) A series of various qualities and values of the same general class of articles; as, a full line of hosiery; a line of merinos, etc. McElrath. 27. The wire connecting one telegraphic station with another, or the whole of a system of telegraph wires under one management and name. 28. pl. The reins with which a horse is guided by his driver. [U. S.] 29. A measure of length; one twelfth of an inch. Hard lines, hard lot. C. Kingsley. [See Def. 18.] -- Line breeding (Stockbreeding), breeding by a certain family line of descent, especially in the selection of the dam or mother. -- Line conch (Zo\'94l.), a spiral marine shell (Fasciolaria distans), of Florida and the West Indies. It is marked by narrow, dark, revolving lines. -- Line engraving. (a) Engraving in which the effects are produced by lines of different width and closeness, cut with the burin upon copper or similar material; also, a plate so engraved. (b) A picture produced by printing from such an engraving. -- Line of battle. (a) (Mil Tactics) The position of troops drawn up in their usual order without any determined maneuver. (b) (Naval) The line or arrangement formed by vessels of war in an engagement. -- Line of battle ship. See Ship of the line, below. -- Line of beauty (Fine Arts),an abstract line supposed to be beautiful in itself and absolutely; -- differently represented by different authors, often as a kind of elongated S (like the one drawn by Hogarth). -- Line of centers. (Mach.) (a) A line joining two centers, or fulcra, as of wheels or levers. (b) A line which determines a dead center. See Dead center, under Dead. -- Line of dip (Geol.), a line in the plane of a stratum, or part of a stratum, perpendicular to its intersection with a horizontal plane; the line of greatest inclination of a stratum to the horizon. -- Line of fire (Mil.), the direction of fire. -- Line of force (Physics), any line in a space in which forces are acting, so drawn that at every point of the line its tangent is the direction of the resultant of all the forces. It cuts at right angles every equipotential surface which it meets. Specifically (Magnetism), a line in proximity to a magnet so drawn that any point in it is tangential with the direction of a short compass needle held at that point. Faraday. -- Line of life (Palmistry), a line on the inside of the hand, curving about the base of the thumb, supposed to indicate, by its form or position, the length of a person's life. -- Line of lines. See Gunter's line. -- Line of march. (Mil.) (a) Arrangement of troops for marching. (b) Course or direction taken by an army or body of troops in marching. -- Line of operations, that portion of a theater of war which an army passes over in attaining its object. H. W. Halleck. -- Line of sight (Firearms), the line which passes through the front and rear sight, at any elevation, when they are sighted at an object. -- Line tub (Naut.), a tub in which the line carried by a whaleboat is coiled. -- Mason and Dixon's line<-- also, the Mason-Dixon Line -->, the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland, as run before the Revolution (1764-1767) by two English astronomers named Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon. In an extended sense, the line between the free and the slave States. -- On the line, on a level with the eye of the spectator; -- said of a picture, as hung in an exhibition of pictures.<-- also, at risk (dependent upon success) in a contest or enterprise, as the survival of the company is on the line in this project --> -- Right line a picture, as hung in an exhibition of pictures. -- Right line, a straight line; the shortest line that can be drawn between two points. -- Ship of the line, formerly, a ship of war large enough to have a place in the line of battle; a vessel superior to a frigate; usually, a seventy-four, or three-decker; -- called also line of battle ship.<-- eventually abbreviated to "battleship" --> Totten. -- To cross the line, to cross the equator, as a vessel at sea. -- To give a person line, to allow him more or less liberty until it is convenient to stop or check him, like a hooked fish that swims away with the line. -- Water line (Shipbuilding), the outline of a horizontal section of a vessel, as when floating in the water. _________________________________________________________________ Page 856 Line Line (?), v. t. 1. To mark with a line or lines; to cover with lines; as, to line a copy book. He had a healthy color in his cheeks, and his face, though lined, bore few traces of anxiety. Dickens. 2. To represent by lines; to delineate; to portray. [R.] "Pictures fairest lined." Shak. 3. To read or repeat line by line; as, to line out a hymn. This custom of reading or lining, or, as it was frequently called "deaconing' the hymn or psalm in the churches, was brought about partly from necessity. N. D. Gould. 4. To form into a line; to align; as, to line troops. To line bees, to track wild bees to their nest by following their line of flight. -- To line up (Mach.), to put in alignment; to put in correct adjustment for smooth running. See 3d Line, 19. Lineage Lin"e*age (?), n. [OE. linage, F. lignage, fr. L. linea line. See 3d Line.] Descent in a line from a common progenitor; progeny; race; descending line of offspring or ascending line of parentage. Both the lineage and the certain sire From which I sprung, from me are hidden yet. Spenser. Lineal Lin"e*al (?), a. [L. linealis belonging to a line, fr. linea line: cf. F. lin\'82al. See 3d Line.] 1. Descending in a direct line from an ancestor; hereditary; derived from ancestors; -- opposed to collateral; as, a lineal descent or a lineal descendant. The prime and ancient right of lineal succession. Locke. 2. Inheriting by direct descent; having the right by direct descent to succeed (to). For only you are lineal to the throne. Dryden. 3. Composed of lines; delineated; as, lineal designs. 4. In the direction of a line; of a line; of or pertaining to a line; measured on, or ascertained by, a line; linear; as, lineal magnitude. Lineal measure, the measure of length; -- usually written linear measure. Lineality Lin`e*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being linea Lineally Lin"e*al*ly (?), adv. In a lineal manner; as, the prince is lineally descended from the Conqueror. Lineament Lin"e*a*ment (?), n. [L. lineamentum, fr. linea line: cf. F. lin\'82ament. See 3d Line.] One of the outlines, exterior features, or distinctive marks, of a body or figure, particularly of the face; feature; form; mark; -- usually in the plural. "The lineaments of the body." Locke. "Lineaments in the character." Swift. Man he seems In all his lineaments. Milton. Linear Lin"e*ar (?), a. [L. linearis, linearius , fr. linea line: cf. F. lin\'82aire. See 3d Line.] 1. Of or pertaining to a line; consisting of lines; in a straight direction; lineal. 2. (Bot.) Like a line; narrow; of the same breadth throughout, except at the extremities; as, a linear leaf. Linear differential (Math.), an equation which is of the first degree, when the expression which is equated to zero is regarded as a function of the dependent variable and its differential coefficients. -- Linear equation (Math.), an equation of the first degree between two variables; -- so called because every such equation may be considered as representing a right line.<-- = stright line! --> -- Linear measure, the measurement of length. -- Linear numbers (Math.), such numbers as have relation to length only: such is a number which represents one side of a plane figure. If the plane figure is square, the linear figure is called a root. -- Linear problem (Geom.), a problem which may be solved geometrically by the use of right lines alone. -- Linear transformation (Alg.), a change of variables where each variable is replaced by a function of the first degree in the new variable. Linearensate Lin`e*ar*en"sate (?), a. (Bot.) Having the form of a sword, but very long and narrow. Linearly Lin"e*ar*ly, adv. In a linear manner; with lines. Linear-shaped Lin"e*ar-shaped` (?), a. Of a linear shape. Lineary Lin"e*a*ry (?), a. Linear. Holland. Lineate, Lineated Lin"e*ate (?), Lin"e*a`ted (?), a. [L. lineatus, p. p. of lineare to reduce to a straight line, fr. linea line.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Marked with lines. 2. (Bot.) Marked longitudinally with depressed parallel lines; as, a lineate leaf. Lineation Lin`e*a"tion (?), n. [L. lineatio the drawing of a line, fr. lineare.] Delineation; a line or lines. Lineature Lin"e*a*ture (?), n. Anything having outline. [R.]<-- sic --> Holland. Lineman Line"man (?), n.; pl. Linemen (. 1. One who carried the line in surveying, etc. 2. A man employed to examine the rails of a railroad to see if they are in good condition; also, a man employed to repair telegraph lines.<-- or telephone, or power lines. also, linesman --> <-- 3. (Football) A player whose position is in the first (forward) line, as opposed to a "back". spec: center, guard, tackle. 4. A (Colloq.) A ladies' man who is especially adept at inventing effective introductory phrases (pick-up lines) to gain a woman's attention --> Linen Lin"en (?), a. [OE., fr. lin linen. See Linen, n. 1.] Made of linen; as, linen cloth; a linen stocking. 2. Resembling linen cloth; white; pale. Linen Lin"en, n. [Prop. an adj. from OE. lin. flax, AS. l\'c6n flax, whence l\'c6nen made of flax; akin to OS., Icel., & MHG. l\'c6n flax and linen, G. lein, leinen, linen, Sw. lin flax, Goth. lein linen, L. linum flax, linen, Gr. Line, Linseed.] 1. Thread or cloth made of flax or (rarely) of hemp; -- used in a general sense to include cambric, shirting, sheeting, towels, tablecloths, etc. "In linen white as milk." Robert of Brunne. 2. Underclothing, esp. the shirt, as being, in former times, chiefly made of linen. <-- 3. pl. bed linens --> Linen draper, a dealer in linen. -- Linen prover, a small microscope for counting the threads in a given space in linen fabrics. -- Linen scroll, Linen pattern (Arch.), an ornament for filling panels, copied from the folds of a piece of stuff symmetrically disposed. <-- bed linens, sheets and pillowcases for a bed. --> Linener Lin"en*er, n. A dealer in linen; a linen draper. [Obs.] Lineolate Lin"e*o*late (?), a. [L. lineola, dim. of linea line.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Marked with little lines. 2. (Bot.) Marked longitudinally with fine lines. Gray. Liner Lin"er (?), n. 1. One who lines, as, a liner of shoes. 2. A vessel belonging to a regular line of packets; also, a line-of-battle ship; a ship of the line. 3. (Mach.) A thin piece placed between two parts to hold or adjust them, fill a space, etc., ; a shim. 4. (Steam Engine) A lining within the cylinder, in which the piston works and between which and the outer shell of the cylinder a space is left to form a steam jacket. 5. A slab on which small pieces of marble, tile, etc., are fastened for grinding. 6. (Baseball) A ball which, when struck, flies through the air in a nearly straight line not far from the ground.<-- = line drive, also (Coloq.) clothesliner --> -ling -ling (?). [AS. -ling.] A noun suffix, commonly having a diminutive or a depreciatory force; as in duck-ling, dosling, hireling, fosterling, firstling, underling. -ling -ling. An adverbial suffix; as, darkling, flatling. Ling Ling (?), n. [OE. lenge; akin to D. leng, G. l\'84nge, Dan. lange, Sw. l, Icel. langa. So named from its being long. See Long, a.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large, marine, gadoid fish (Molva vulgaris) of Northern Europe and Greenland. It is valued as a food fish and is largely salted and dried. Called also drizzle. (b) The burbot of Lake Ontario. (c) An American hake of the genus Phycis. [Canada] (d) A New Zealand food fish of the genus Genypterus. The name is also locally applied to other fishes, as the cultus cod, the mutton fish, and the cobia. Ling Ling, n. [Icel. lyng; akin to Dan. lyng, Sw. ljung.] (Bot.) Heather (Calluna vulgaris). Ling honey, a sort of wild honey, made from the flowers of the heather. Holland. Linga, Lingam Lin"ga (?), Lin"gam (?), n. [Skr. linga.] The phallic symbol under which Siva is principally worshiped in his character of the creative and reproductive power. Whitworth. E. Arnold. Ling-bird Ling"-bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European meadow pipit; -- called also titling. Lingel Lin"gel (?), n. [F. ligneul, dim. of L. linea a linen thread.] 1. A shoemaker's thread. [Obs.] 2. A little tongue or thong of leather; a lacing for belts. Crabb. Lingence Lin"gence (?), n. [L. lingere to lick.] A linctus. [Obs.] Fuller. Linger Lin"ger (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lingered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lingering.] [OE. lengen to tarry, AS. lengan to prolong, put off, fr. lang long. Long, a.] To delay; to loiter; to remain or wait long; to be slow or reluctant in parting or moving; to be slow in deciding; to be in suspense; to hesitate. Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind. Gray. Perhaps thou linger'st, in deep thoughts detained. Milton. Syn. -- To loiter; lag; saunter; delay; tarry; stop; hesitate. Linger Lin"ger, v. t. 1. To protract; to draw out. [Obs.] She lingers my desires. Shak. 2. To spend or pass in lingering manner; -- with out; as, to linger out one's days on a sick bed. Dryden. Lingerer Lin"ger*er (?), n. One who lingers. Guardian. Lingering Lin"ger*ing, a. 1. Delaying. 2. Drawn out in time; remaining long; protracted; as, a lingering disease. To die is the fate of man; but to die with lingering anguish is generally his folly. Rambler. Lingeringly Lin"ger*ing*ly, adv. With delay; slowly; tediously. Linget Lin"get (?), n. [F. lingot, perh. fr. L. lingua tongue (see Tongue). Cf. Ingot.] An ingot. [Written also lingot.] Lingism Ling"ism (?), n. A mode of treating certain diseases, as obesity, by gymnastics; -- proposed by Pehr Henrik Ling, a Swede. See Kinesiatrics. Lingle Lin"gle (?), n. See Lingel. Lingo Lin"go (?), n. [L. lingua tongue, language. See Lingual.] Language; speech; dialect. [Slang] Lingoa wood Lin*go"a wood` (?). Amboyna wood. Lingot Lin"got (?), n. A linget or ingot; also, a mold for casting metals. See Linget. Lingua Lin"gua (?), n.; pl. Lingu\'91 (#). [L., the tongue.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A tongue. (b) A median process of the labium, at the under side of the mouth in insects, and serving as a tongue. Linguacious Lin*gua"cious (?), a. [L. linguax, -acis, loquacious, fr. lingua tongue.] Given to the use of the tongue; loquacious. [Obs.] Linguadental Lin`gua*den"tal (?), a. [L. lingua tongue + E. dental.] (Phonetics) Formed or uttered by the joint use of the tongue and teeth, or rather that part of the gum just above the front teeth; dentolingual, as the letters d and t. Linguadental Lin`gua*den"tal, n. (Phonetics) An articulation pronounced by the aid or use of the tongue and teeth. Lingua Franca Lin"gua Fran"ca (?). [It., prop., language of the Franks.] The commercial language of the Levant, -- a mixture of the language of the people of the region and foreign traders. Lingual Lin"gual (?), a. [L. lingua tongue: cf. F. lingual. See Tongue, and cf. Language.] Of or pertaining to the tongue; uttered by the aid of the tongue; glossal; as, the lingual nerves; a lingual letter. Lingual ribbon. (Zo\'94l.) See Odontophore. Lingual Lin"gual, n. A consonant sound formed by the aid of the tongue; -- a term especially applied to certain articulations (as those of t, d, th, and n) and to the letters denoting them. NOTE: &hand; In Sanskrit grammar certain letters, as t, th, d, dh, n, are called linguals, cerebrals, or cacuminals. They are uttered with the tip of the tongue turned up and drawn back into the dome of the palate. Linguality Lin*gual"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being lingual. Linguatulida Lin`gua*tu"li*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. lingua tongue.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Linguatulina. Linguatulina Lin*guat`*u*li"na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. lingua tongue.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of wormlike, degraded, parasitic arachnids. They have two pairs of retractile hooks, near the mouth. Called also Pentastomida. NOTE: &hand; Th e ad ults of some species inhabit the nostrils and nasal sinuses of dogs and other carnivores. The young, after being swallowed by sheep, rabbits, etc., find their way to the lungs and liver and become encysted. These, when eaten by carnivores, develop into the adult forms. Linguidental Lin`gui*den"tal (?), a. & n. Linguadental. Linguiform Lin"gui*form (?), a. [L. lingua tongue + -form: cf. F. linguiforme.] Having the form of the tongue; tongue-shaped. Linguist Lin"guist (?), n. [L. lingua tongue, speech, language: cf. F. linguiste.] 1. A master of the use of language; a talker. [Obs.] I'll dispute with him; He's a rare linguist. J. Webster. 2. A person skilled in languages. There too were Gibbon, the greatest historian, and Jones, the greatest linguist, of the age. Macaulay. Linguistic, Linguistical Lin*guis"tic (?), Lin*guis"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. linguistique.] Of or pertaining to language; relating to linguistics, or to the affinities of languages. Linguistically Lin*guis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a linguistic manner; from the point of view of a linguist. Tylor. Linguistics Lin*guis"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. linguistique.] The science of languages, or of the origin, signification, and application of words; glossology. Lingula Lin"gu*la (?), n.; pl. -l\'91 (#). [L., a little tongue.] 1. (Anat.) A tonguelike process or part. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of brachiopod shells belonging to the genus Lingula, and related genera. See Brachiopoda, and Illustration in Appendix. Lingula flags (Geol.), a group of strata in the lower Silurian or Cambrian system of Wales, in which some of the layers contain vast numbers of a species of Lingula. Lingulate Lin"gu*late (?), a. [L. lingulatus, fr. lingula a little tongue. Cf. Ligulate.] Shaped like the tongue or a strap; ligulate. Linigerous Li*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. linum flax + -gerous.] Bearing flax; producing linen. Liniment Lin"i*ment (?), n. [L. linimentum, fr. linire, linere, to besmear, anoint : cf. F. liniment. Cf. Letter, Lime a viscous substance.] A liquid or semiliquid preparation of a consistence thinner than an ointment, applied to the skin by friction, esp. one used as a sedative or a stimulant. Lining Lin"ing (?), n. [See Line to cover the in side.] 1. The act of one who lines; the act or process of making lines, or of inserting a lining. 2. That which covers the inner surface of anything, as of a garment or a box; also, the contents of anything. The lining of his coffers shall make coats To deck our soldiers. Shak. Link Link (?), n. [Prob. corrupted from lint and this for lunt a torch, match, D. lont match; akin to G. lunte, cf. MHG. l\'81nden to burn. Cf. Lunt, Linstock.] A torch made of tow and pitch, or the like. Shak. Link Link, n. [OE. linke, AS. hlence; akin to Sw. l\'84nk ring of a chain, Dan. l\'91nke chain, Icel. hlekkr; cf. G. gelenk joint, link, ring of a chain, lenken to bend.] 1. A single ring or division of a chain. 2. Hence: Anything, whether material or not, which binds together, or connects, separate things; a part of a connected series; a tie; a bond. "Links of iron." Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 857 The link of brotherhood, by which One common Maker bound me to the kind. Cowper. And so by double links enchained themselves in lover's life. Gascoigne. 3. Anything doubled and closed like a link; as, a link of horsehair. Mortimer. 4. (Kinematics) Any one of the several elementary pieces of a mechanism, as the fixed frame, or a rod, wheel, mass of confined liquid, etc., by which relative motion of other parts is produced and constrained. 5. (Mach.) Any intermediate rod or piece for transmitting force or motion, especially a short connecting rod with a bearing at each end; specifically (Steam Engine), the slotted bar, or connecting piece, to the opposite ends of which the eccentric rods are jointed, and by means of which the movement of the valve is varied, in a link motion. 6. (Surveying) The length of one joint of Gunter's chain, being the hundredth part of it, or 7.92 inches, the chain being 66 feet in length. Cf. Chain, n., 4. 7. (Chem.) A bond of affinity, or a unit of valence between atoms; -- applied to a unit of chemical force or attraction. 8. pl. Sausages; -- because linked together. [Colloq.] <-- 9. pl. A golf course. --> Link Link (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Linked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Linking.] To connect or unite with a link or as with a link; to join; to attach; to unite; to couple. All the tribes and nations that composed it [the Roman Empire] were linked together, not only by the same laws and the same government, but by all the facilities of commodious intercourse, and of frequent communication. Eustace. Link Link, v. i. To be connected. No one generation could link with the other. Burke. Linkage Link"age (?), n. 1. The act of linking; the state of being linked; also, a system of links. 2. (Chem.) Manner of linking or of being linked; -- said of the union of atoms or radicals in the molecule. 3. (Geom.) A system of straight lines or bars, fastened together by joins, and having certain of their points fixed in a plane. It is used to describe straight lines and curves in the plane. Linkboy, Linkman Link"boy` (?), Link"man (?), n. [See 1st Link.] A boy or man that carried a link or torch to light passengers.<-- sic --> Link motion Link" mo"tion (?). (Steam Engine) A valve gear, consisting of two eccentrics with their rods, giving motion to a slide valve by an adjustable connecting bar, called the link, in such a way that the motion of the engine can be reversed, or the cut-off varied, at will; -- used very generally in locomotives and marine engines. NOTE: &hand; Th e il lustration sh ows a link motion for a vertical engine, c representing the shaft carrying two eccentrics, a and b, for making the engine run forward and backward, respectively, their rods e and d being jointed to opposite ends of the slotted link f, in the opening of which is a pin g which is attached to the valve rod h. The valve will receive the motion of the forward eccentric when is in the position shown, and the motion of the backward eccentric when the link is shifted so far to the right as to bring e in line with h, or a compound motion derived from both eccentrics when the link is shifted to intermediate positions, the compound motion causing the valve to cut off the steam at a point determined by the position to which the link may have been shifted. Linkwork Link"work` (?), n. 1. A fabric consisting of links made of metal or other material fastened together; also, a chain. And thou shalt make hooks of gold, and two chains of fine gold; linkwork and wreathed. Udall. 2. Mechanism in which links, or intermediate connecting pieces, are employed to transmit motion from one part to another. Linn\'91a borealis Lin*n\'91"a bo`re*a"lis (?). [NL.Linnaeus Linn\'91an + L. borealis northern.] (Bot.) The twin flower which grows in cold northern climates. Linn\'91an, Linnean Lin*n\'91"an, Lin*ne"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Linn\'91us, the celebrated Swedish botanist. Linnaean system (Bot.), the system in which the classes are founded mainly upon the stamens, and the orders upon the pistils; the artificial or sexual system. Linn\'91ite Lin*n\'91"ite (?), n. [See Linn\'91an.] (Min.) A mineral of pale steel-gray color and metallic luster, occurring in isometric crystals, and also massive. It is a sulphide of cobalt containing some nickel or copper. Linne Linne (?), n. Flax. See Linen. [Obs.] Linnet Lin"net (?), n. [F. linot, linotte, from L. linum flax; or perh. shortened from AS.l\'c6netwige, fr. AS. l\'c6n flax; -- so called because it feeds on the seeds of flax and hemp. See Linen.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of fringilline birds of the genera Linota, Acanthis, and allied genera, esp. the common European species (L. cannabina), which, in full summer plumage, is chestnut brown above, with the breast more or less crimson. The feathers of its head are grayish brown, tipped with crimson. Called also gray linnet, red linnet, rose linnet, brown linnet, lintie, lintwhite, gorse thatcher, linnet finch, and greater redpoll. The American redpoll linnet (Acanthis linaria) often has the crown and throat rosy. See Redpoll, and Twite. Green linnet (Zo\'94l.), the European green finch. Linoleate Li*no"le*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of linoleic acid. Linoleic Li*no"le*ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, linoleum, or linseed oil; specifically (Chem.), designating an organic acid, a thin yellow oil, found combined as a salt of glycerin in oils of linseed, poppy, hemp, and certain nuts. Linoleum Li*no"le*um (?), n. [L. linum flax + oleum oil.] 1. Linseed oil brought to various degrees of hardness by some oxidizing process, as by exposure to heated air, or by treatment with chloride of sulphur. In this condition it is used for many of the purposes to which India rubber has been applied. 2. A kind of floor cloth made by laying hardened linseed oil mixed with ground cork on a canvas backing. Linoxin Li*nox"in (?), n. [Linoleic + oxygen.] (Chem.) A resinous substance obtained as an oxidation product of linoleic acid. [Written also linoxyn.] Linsang Lin*sang" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any viverrine mammal of the genus Prionodon, inhabiting the East Indies and Southern Asia. The common East Indian linsang (P. gracilis) is white, crossed by broad, black bands. The Guinea linsang (Porana Richardsonii) is brown with black spots. Linseed Lin"seed` (?), n. [OE. lin flax + seed. See Linen.] (Bot.) The seeds of flax, from which linseed oil is obtained. [Written also lintseed.] Linseed cake, the solid mass or cake which remains when oil is expressed. -- Linseed meal, linseed cake reduced to powder. -- Linseed oil, oil obtained by pressure from flaxseed. Linsey Lin"sey (?), n. [See Linen.] Linsey-woolsey. Linsey-woolsey Lin"sey-wool"sey (?), n. 1. Cloth made of linen and wool, mixed. 2. Jargon. [Obs.] Shak. Linsey-woolsey Lin"sey-wool"sey, a. Made of linen and wool; hence, of different and unsuitable parts; mean. Johnson. Linstock Lin"stock (?), n. [Corrupt. fr. luntstock, D. lonistok; lont lunt + stok stock, stick. See Link a torch, Lunt, and Stock.] A pointed forked staff, shod with iron at the foot, to hold a lighted match for firing cannon. [Written also lintstock.] Lint Lint (?), n. [AS. l\'c6net flax, hemp, fr. l\'c6n flax; or, perh. borrowed fr. L. linteum a linen cloth, linen, from linteus linen, a., fr. lineum flax, lint. See Linen.] 1. Flax. 2. Linen scraped or otherwise made into a soft, downy or fleecy substance for dressing wounds and sores; also, fine ravelings, down, fluff, or loose short fibers from yarn or fabrics. Lint doctor (Calico-printing Mach.), a scraper to remove lint from a printing cylinder. Lintel Lin"tel (?), n. [OE. lintel, F. linteau, LL. lintellus, for limitellus, a dim. fr. L. limes limit. See Limit.] (Arch.) A horizontal member spanning an opening, and carrying the superincumbent weight by means of its strength in resisting crosswise fracture. Lintie, Lintwhite Lin"tie (?), Lint"white` (?), n. [AS. l\'c6netwige. See Linnet.] (Zo\'94l.) See Linnet. Tennyson. Lintseed Lint"seed` (?), n. See Linseed. Linum Li"num (?), n. [L., flax.] (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants including the flax (Linum usitatissimum). Lion Li"on (?), n. [F. lion, L. leo, -onis, akin to Gr. Chameleon, Dandelion, Leopard.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A large carnivorous feline mammal (Felis leo), found in Southern Asia and in most parts of Africa, distinct varieties occurring in the different countries. The adult male, in most varieties, has a thick mane of long shaggy hair that adds to his apparent size, which is less than that of the largest tigers. The length, however, is sometimes eleven feet to the base of the tail. The color is a tawny yellow or yellowish brown; the mane is darker, and the terminal tuft of the tail is black. In one variety, called the maneless lion, the male has only a slight mane.<-- now Panthera leo --> 2. (Astron.) A sign and a constellation; Leo. 3. An object of interest and curiosity, especially a person who is so regarded; as, he was quite a lion in London at that time. Such society was far more enjoyable than that of Edinburgh, for here he was not a lion, but a man. Prof. Wilson. American lion (Zo\'94l.), the puma or cougar. -- Lion ant (Zo\'94l.), the ant-lion. -- Lion dog (Zo\'94l.), a fancy dog with a flowing mane, usually clipped to resemble a lion's mane. -- Lion lizard (Zo\'94l.), the basilisk. -- Lion's share, all, or nearly all; the best or largest part; -- from \'92sop's fable of the lion hunting in company with certain smaller beasts, and appropriating to himself all the prey. Lionced Li"onced (?), a. (Her.) Adorned with lions heads; having arms terminating in lions' heads; -- said of a cross. [Written also leonced.] Lioncel Li"on*cel (?), n. [OE., F. lionceau, dim. of lion.] (Her.) A small lion, especially one of several borne in the same coat of arms. Lionel Li"on*el (?), n. [OF., dim. of lion.] (Zo\'94l.) The whelp of a lioness; a young lion. Lioness Li"on*ess, n. [OF. lionesse.] (Zo\'94l.) A female lion. Lionet Li"on*et (?), n. [OF., dim. of lion.] (Zo\'94l.) A young or small lion. Lion-heart Li"on-heart` (?), n. A very brave person. Lion-hearted Li"on-heart`ed (?), a. Very brave; brave and magnanimous. Sir W. Scott. Lionhood Li"on*hood (?), n. State of being a lion. Carlyle. Lionism Li"on*ism (?), n. An attracting of attention, as a lion; also, the treating or regarding as a lion. Lionize Li"on*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lionized (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Lionizing (.] 1. To treat or regard as a lion or object of great interest. J. D. Forbes. 2. To show the lions or objects of interest to; to conduct about among objects of interest. Macaulay. Lionlike Li"on*like` (?), a. Like a lion; brave as a lion. Lionly Li"on*ly, a. Like a lion; fierce. [Obs.] Milton. Lion's ear Li"on's ear` (?). (Bot.) A name given in Western South America to certain plants with shaggy tomentose leaves, as species of Culcitium, and Espeletia. Lion's foot Li"on's foot` (?). (Bot.) (a) A composite plant of the genus Prenanthes, of which several species are found in the United States. (b) The edelweiss. Lionship Li"on*ship (?), n. The state of being a lion. Lion's leaf Li"on's leaf` (?). (Bot.) A South European plant of the genus Leontice (L. leontopetalum), the tuberous roots of which contain so much alkali that they are sometimes used as a substitute for soap. Lion's tail Li"on's tail` (?). (Bot.) A genus of labiate plants (Leonurus); -- so called from a fancied resemblance of its flower spikes to the tuft of a lion's tail. L. Cardiaca is the common motherwort. Lion's tooth Li"on's tooth` (?); pl. Lions' teeth (. (Bot.) See Leontodon. Lip Lip (?), n. [OE. lippe, AS. lippa; akin to D. lip, G. lippe, lefze, OHG. lefs, Dan. l\'91be, Sw. l\'84pp, L. labium, labrum. Cf. Labial.] 1. One of the two fleshy folds which surround the orifice of the mouth in man and many other animals. In man the lips are organs of speech essential to certain articulations. Hence, by a figure they denote the mouth, or all the organs of speech, and sometimes speech itself. Thine own lips testify against thee. Jeb xv. 6. 2. An edge of an opening; a thin projecting part of anything; a kind of short open spout; as, the lip of a vessel. 3. The sharp cutting edge on the end of an auger. 4. (Bot.) (a) One of the two opposite divisions of a labiate corolla. (b) The odd and peculiar petal in the Orchis family. See Orchidaceous. 5. (Zo\'94l.) One of the edges of the aperture of a univalve shell. Lip bit, a pod auger. See Auger. -- Lip comfort, comfort that is given with words only. -- Lip comforter, one who comforts with words only. -- Lip labor, unfelt or insincere speech; hypocrisy. Bale. -- Lip reading, the catching of the words or meaning of one speaking by watching the motion of his lips without hearing his voice. Carpenter. -- Lip salve, a salve for sore lips. -- Lip service, expression by the lips of obedience and devotion without the performance of acts suitable to such sentiments. -- Lip wisdom, wise talk without practice, or unsupported by experience. -- Lip work. (a) Talk. (b) Kissing. [Humorous] B. Jonson. -- Lip make a lip, to drop the under lip in sullenness or contempt. Shak. -- To shoot out the lip (Script.), to show contempt by protruding the lip. Lip Lip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lipping (?).] 1. To touch with the lips; to put the lips to; hence, to kiss. The bubble on the wine which breaks Before you lip the glass. Praed. A hand that kings Have lipped and trembled kissing. Shak. 2. To utter; to speak. [R.] Keats. Lip Lip, v. t. To clip; to trim. [Obs.] Holland. Lip\'91mia Li*p\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition in which fat occurs in the blood. Lipans Li*pans" (?), n. pl.; sing. Lipan (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Inedians, inhabiting the northern part of Mexico. They belong to the Tinneh stock, and are closely related to the Apaches. Liparian Li*pa"ri*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of a family (Liparid\'91) of destructive bombycid moths, as the tussock moths. Liparite Lip"a*rite (?), n. [So called from Lipari, the island.] (Min.) A quartzose trachyte; rhyolite. Lipic Lip"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, fat. The word was formerly used specifically to designate a supposed acid obtained by the oxidation of oleic acid, tallow, wax, etc. _________________________________________________________________ Page 858 Lipinic Li*pin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Lipic. Lipless Lip"less (?), a, Having no lips. Liplet Lip"let (?), n. A little lip. Lipocephala Lip`o*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Lamellibranchia. Lipochrin Lip"o*chrin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A yellow coloring matter, soluble in ether, contained in the small round fat drops in the retinal epithelium cells. It is best obtained from the eyes of frogs. Lipogram Lip"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. A writing composed of words not having a certain letters; -- as in the Odyssey of Tryphiodorus there was no A in the first book, no B in the second, and so on. Lipogrammatic Lip"o*gram*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. lipogrammatique.] Omitting a letter; composed of words not having a certain letter or letters; as, lipogrammatic writings. Lipogrammatist Lip`o*gram"ma*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. lipogrammatiste.] One who makes a lipogram. Lipoma Li*po"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A tumor consisting of fat or adipose tissue. -- Li*pom"a*tous (#), a. Lipothymic Li`po*thym"ic (?), a. [Gr. , Tending to swoon; fainting. [Written also leipothymic.] Lipothymous Li*poth"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining, or given, to swooning; fainting. Lipothymy Li*poth"y*my (?), n. [Gr. lipothymie.] A fainting; a swoon. Jer. Taylor. Lipped Lipped (?), a. 1. Having a lip or lips; having a raised or rounded edge resembling the lip; -- often used in composition; as, thick-lipped, thin-lipped, etc. 2. (Bot.) Labiate. Lippitude Lip"pi*tude (?), n. [L. lippitudo, fr. lippus blear-eyed: cf. F. lippitude.] Soreness of eyes; the state of being blear-eyes; blearedness. Lipse Lipse (?), v. i. To lisp. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lipyl Lip"yl (?), n. [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical of glycerin. [Obs.] Berzelius. Liquable Liq"ua*ble (?), a. [l. liquabilis. See Liquate, v. i.] Capable of being melted. Liquate Li"quate (?), v. i. [L. liquatus, p. p. of liquare to melt.] To melt; to become liquid. [Obs.] Woodward. Liquate Li"quate, v. t. (Metal.) To separate by fusion, as a more fusible from a less fusible material. Liquation Li*qua"tion (?), n. [L. liquatio: cf. F. liquation.] 1. The act or operation of making or becoming liquid; also, the capacity of becoming liquid. 2. (Metal.) The process of separating, by heat, an easily fusible metal from one less fusible; eliquation. Liquefacient Liq`ue*fa"cient (?), n. [L. liquefaciens, p. pr. of liquefacere. See Liquefy.] 1. That which serves to liquefy. 2. (Med.) An agent, as mercury, iodine, etc., which promotes the liquefying processes of the system, and increases the secretions. Liquefaction Liq`ue*fac"tion (?), n. [L. liquefactio: cf. F. liqu\'82faction. See Liquefy.] 1. The act or operation of making or becoming liquid; especially, the conversion of a solid into a liquid by the sole agency of heat. 2. The state of being liquid. 3. (Chem. Physics) The act, process, or method, of reducing a gas or vapor to a liquid by cold or pressure; as, the liquefaction of oxygen or hydrogen. Liquefiable Liq"ue*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. liqu\'82fiable. See Liquefy.] Capable of being changed from a solid to a liquid state. Liquefier Liq"ue*fi`er (?), n. That which liquefies. Liquefy Liq"ue*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Liquefying (?).] [F. liqu\'82fier, L. liquere to be liquid + facere, -ficare (in comp.), to make. See Liquid, and -fy.] To convert from a solid form to that of a liquid; to melt; to dissolve; and technically, to melt by the sole agency of heat. Liquefy Liq"ue*fy, v. i. To become liquid. Liquescency Li*ques"cen*cy (?), n. [See Liquescent.] The quality or state of being liquescent. Johnson. Liquescent Li*ques"cent (?), a. [L. liquescens, p. pr. of liquescere to become liquid, incho. fr. liquere to be liquid.] Tending to become liquid; inclined to melt to melt; melting. Liqueur Li`queur" (?), n. [F. See Liquor.] An aromatic alcoholic cordial. NOTE: &hand; So me liqueurs are prepared by infusing certain woods, fruits, or flowers, in either water or alcohol, and adding sugar, etc. Others are distilled from aromatic or flavoring agents. Liquid Liq"uid (?), a. [L. liquidus, fr. liquere to be fluid or liquid; cf. Skr. r\'c6 to ooze, drop, l\'c6 to melt.] 1. Flowing freely like water; fluid; not solid. Yes, though he go upon the plane and liquid water which will receive no step. Tyndale. 2. (Physics) Being in such a state that the component parts move among themselves, but do not tend to separate from each other as the particles of gases and vapors do; neither solid nor a\'89riform; as, liquid mercury, in distinction from mercury solidified or in a state of vapor. 3. Flowing or sounding smoothly or without abrupt transitions or harsh tones. "Liquid melody." Crashaw. 4. Pronounced without any jar or harshness; smooth; as, l and r are liquid letters. 5. Fluid and transparent; as, the liquid air. 6. Clear; definite in terms or amount.[Obs.] "Though the debt should be entirely liquid." Ayliffe. <-- 7. (Finance) the quality of being readily convertible to cash. -- said of assets, such as common stocks or bonds, tradable on a major stock exchange --> Liquid glass. See Soluble glass, under Glass. Liquid Liq"uid, n. 1. A substance whose parts change their relative position on the slightest pressure, and therefore retain no definite form; any substance in the state of liquidity; a fluid that is not a\'89riform. <-- needs a better definition: e.g. a fluid with a definite volume, but whose shape is determined by the container in which it is contained. Liquids, in contrast to gases, cannot expand indefinitely to fill an expanding container, and are only slightly compressible by application of pressure. --> NOTE: &hand; Li quid an d fl uid are terms often used synonymously, but fluid has the broader signification. All liquids are fluids, but many fluids, as air and the gases, are not liquids. 2. (Phon.) A letter which has a smooth, flowing sound, or which flows smoothly after a mute; as, l and r, in bla, bra. M and n also are called liquids. Liquid measure, a measure, or system of measuring, for liquids, by the gallon, quart, pint, gill, etc. Liquidambar Liq"uid*am`bar (?), n. [Liquid + amber.] 1. (Bot.) A genus consisting of two species of tall trees having star-shaped leaves, and woody burlike fruit. Liquidambar styraciflua is the North American sweet qum, and L. Orientalis is found in Asia Minor. 2. The balsamic juice which is obtained from these trees by incision. The liquid balsam of the Oriental tree is liquid storax. Liquidamber Liq"uid*am`ber, n. See Liquidambar. Liquidate Liq"ui*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Liquidating.] [LL. liquidatus, p. p. of liquidate to liquidate, fr. L. liquidus liquid, clear. See Liquid.] 1. (Law) To determine by agreement or by litigation the precise amount of (indebtedness); or, where there is an indebtedness to more than one person, to determine the precise amount of (each indebtedness); to make the amount of (an indebtedness); clear and certain. A debt or demand is liquidated whenever the amount due is agreed on by the parties, or fixed by the operation of law. 15 Ga. Rep. 821. If our epistolary accounts were fairly liquidated, I believe you would be brought in considerable debtor. Chesterfield. 2. In an extended sense: To ascertain the amount, or the several amounts, of , and apply assets toward the discharge of (an indebtedness). Abbott. 3. To discharge; to pay off, as an indebtedness. Friburg was ceded to Zurich by Sigismund to liquidate a debt of a thousand florins. W. Coxe. 4. To make clear and intelligible. Time only can liquidate the meaning of all parts of a compound system. A. Hamilton. 5. To make liquid. [Obs.] Liquidated damages (Law), damages the amount of which is fixed or ascertained. Abbott. Liquidation Liq`ui*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. liquidation.] The act or process of liquidating; the state of being liquidated. To go into liquidation (Law), to turn over to a trustee one's assets and accounts, in order that the several amounts of one's indebtedness be authoritatively ascertained, and that the assets may be applied toward their discharge. Liquidator Liq"ui*da`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. liquidateur.] 1. One who, or that which, liquidates. 2. An officer appointed to conduct the winding up of a company, to bring and defend actions and suits in its name, and to do all necessary acts on behalf of the company. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Liquidity Li*quid"i*ty (?), n. [L. liquiditas, fr. liquidus liquid: cf. F. liquidit\'82.] The state or quality of being liquid. <-- (Finance) the quality of being readily convertible to cash. --> Liquidize Liq"uid*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquidized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Liquidizing (?).] To render liquid. Liquidly Liq"uid*ly, adv. In a liquid manner; flowingly. Liquidness Liq"uid*ness, n. The quality or state of being liquid; liquidity; fluency. Liquor Liq"uor (?), n. [OE. licour, licur, OF. licur, F. liqueur, fr. L. liquor, fr. liquere to be liquid. See Liquid, and cf. Liqueur.] 1. Any liquid substance, as water, milk, blood, sap, juice, or the like. 2. Specifically, alcoholic or spirituous fluid, either distilled or fermented, as brandy, wine, whisky, beer, etc. 3. (Pharm.) A solution of a medicinal substance in water; -- distinguished from tincture and aqua. NOTE: &hand; Th e U. S. Ph armacopoeia includes, in this class of preparations, all aqueous solutions without sugar, in which the substance acted on is wholly soluble in water, excluding those in which the dissolved matter is gaseous or very volatile, as in the aqu\'91 or waters. U. S. Disp. Labarraque's liquor (Old Chem.), a solution of an alkaline hypochlorite, as sodium hypochlorite, used in bleaching and as a disinfectant. -- Liquor of flints, OR Liquor silicum (Old Chem.), soluble glass; -- so called because formerly made from powdered flints. See Soluble glass, under Glass. -- Liquor of Libavius. (Old Chem.) See Fuming liquor of Libavius, under Fuming. -- Liquor sanguinis (, (Physiol.), the blood plasma. -- Liquor thief, a tube for taking samples of liquor from a cask through the bung hole. -- To be in liquor, to be intoxicated. Liquor Liq"uor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Liquored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Liquoring.] 1. To supply with liquor. [R.] 2. To grease. [Obs.] Bacon. Liquor fishermen's boots. Shak. <-- liquored up. intoxicated by liquor --> Liquorice Liq"uor*ice (?), n. See Licorice. Liquorish Liq"uor*ish, a. See Lickerish. [Obs.] Shak. Liquorous Liq"uor*ous (?), a. Eagerly desirous. See Lickerish. [Obs.] Marston. Lira Li"ra (?), n. ; pl. Lire (#). [It., fr. L. libra the Roman pound. Cf. Livre.] An Italian coin equivalent in value to the French franc. Lirella Li*rel"la (?), n. [NL., dim. of L.lira a furrow.] (Bot.) A linear apothecium furrowed along the middle; the fruit of certain lichens. Lirelliform Li*rel"li*form (?), a. [Lirella + -form.] (Bot.) Like a lirella. [Written also lirell\'91form.] Liriodendron Lir`i*o*den"dron (?), n.; pl. Liriodendra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of large and very beautiful trees of North America, having smooth, shining leaves, and handsome, tuliplike flowers; tulip tree; whitewood; -- called also canoewood. Liriodendron tulipifera is the only extant species, but there were several others in the Cretaceous epoch. Liripipe Lir"i*pipe (?), n. [Obs.] See Liripoop. Liripoop Lir"i*poop (?), n. [OF. liripipion, liripion, LL. liripipium. Said to be corrupted from L. cleri ephippium, lit., the clergy's caparison.] 1. A pendent part of the old clerical tippet; afterwards, a tippet; a scarf; -- worn also by doctors, learned men, etc. [Obs.] 2. Acuteness; smartness; also, a smart trick or stratagem.[Obs.] Stanihurst. 3. A silly person. [Obs.] A liripoop, vel lerripoop, a silly, empty creature; an old dotard. Milles. MS. Devon Gloss. Liroconite Li*roc"o*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A hydrated arseniate of copper, occurring in obtuse pyramidal crystals of a sky-blue or verdigris-green color. Lisbon Lis"bon (?), n. A sweet, light-colored species of wine, produced in the province of Estremadura, and so called as being shipped from Lisbon, in Portugal. Lisle Lisle (?), n. A city of France celebrated for certain manufactures. Lisle glove, a fine summer glove, made of Lisle thread. -- Lisle lace, a fine handmade lace, made at Lisle. -- Lisle thread, a hard twisted cotton thread, originally produced at Lisle. Lisne Lisne (?), n. [Prov. E. lissen, lisne, a cleft in a rock.] A cavity or hollow.[Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Lisp Lisp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lisped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lisping.] [OE. lispen, lipsen, AS. wlisp stammering, lisping; akin to D. & OHG. lispen to lisp, G. lispeln, Sw. l\'84spa, Dan. lespe.] 1. To pronounce the sibilant letter s imperfectly; to give s and z the sound of th; -- a defect common among children. 2. To speak with imperfect articulation; to mispronounce, as a child learning to talk. As yet a child, nor yet a fool to fame, I lisped in numbers came. Pope. 3. To speak hesitatingly with a low voice, as if afraid. Lest when my lisping, guilty tongue should halt. Drayton. Lisp Lisp, v. t. 1. To pronounce with a lisp. 2. To utter with imperfect articulation; to express with words pronounced imperfectly or indistinctly, as a child speaks; hence, to express by the use of simple, childlike language. To speak unto them after their own capacity, and to lispe words unto them according as the babes and children of that age might sound them again. Tyndale. 3. To speak with reserve or concealment; to utter timidly or confidentially; as, to lisp treason. Lisp Lisp, n. The habit or act of lisping. See Lisp, v. i., 1. I overheard her answer, with a very pretty lisp, "O! Strephon, you are a dangerous creature." Tatler. Lisper Lisp"er (?), n. One who lisps. Lispingly Lisp"ing*ly, adv. With a lisp; in a lisping manner. Liss Liss (?), n. [AS. liss.] Release; remission; ease; relief. [Obs.] "Of penance had a lisse." Chaucer. Liss Liss, v. t. [AS. lissan.] To free, as from care or pain; to relieve. [Obs.] "Lissed of his care." Chaucer. Lissencephala Lis`sen*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A general name for all those placental mammals that have a brain with few or no cerebral convolutions, as Rodentia, Insectivora, etc. Lissom, Lissome Lis"som, Lis"some (?), a. [For lithesome.] 1. Limber; supple; flexible; lithe; lithesome. Straight, but as lissome as a hazel wand. Tennyson. 2. Light; nimble; active. Halliwell. -- Lis"some*ness, n. List List (?), n. [F. lice, LL. liciae, pl., from L. licium thread, girdle.] A line inclosing or forming the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of combat; hence, in the plural (lists), the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat. Chaucer. In measured lists to toss the weighty lance. Pope. To enter the lists, to accept a challenge, or engage in contest. List List, v. t. To inclose for combat; as, to list a field. List List, v. i. [See Listen.] To hearken; to attend; to listen. [Obs. except in poetry.] Stand close, and list to him. Shak. List List, v. t. To listen or hearken to. Then weigh what loss your honor may sustain, If with too credent ear you list his songs. Shak. List List, v. i. [OE. listen, lusten, AS. lystan, from lust pleasure. See Lust.] 1. To desire or choose; to please. The wind bloweth where it listeth. John iii. 8. Them that add to the Word of God what them listeth. Hooker. Let other men think of your devices as they list. Whitgift. 2. (Naut.) To lean; to incline; as, the ship lists to port. List List, n. 1. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Naut.) An inclination to one side; as, the ship has a list to starboard. List List, n. [AS. l\'c6st a list of cloth; akin to D. lijst, G. leiste, OHG. l\'c6sta,Icel. lista, listi, Sw. list, Dan. liste. In sense 5 from F. liste, of German origin, and thus ultimately the same word.] 1. A strip forming the woven border or selvedge of cloth, particularly of broadcloth, and serving to strengthen it; hence, a strip of cloth; a fillet. " Gartered with a red and blue list. " _________________________________________________________________ Page 859 Shak. 2. A limit or boundary; a border. The very list, the very utmost bound, Of all our fortunes. Shak. 3. The lobe of the ear; the ear itself. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. A stripe. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 5. A roll or catalogue, that is row or line; a record of names; as, a list of names, books, articles; a list of ratable estate. He was the ablest emperor of all the list. Bacon. 6. (Arch.) A little square molding; a fillet; -- called also listel. 7. (Carp.) A narrow strip of wood, esp. sapwood, cut from the edge of a plank or board. 8. (Rope Making) A piece of woolen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a workman. 9. (Tin-plate Manuf.) (a) The first thin coat of tin. (b) A wirelike rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated. Civil list (Great Britain & U.S.), the civil officers of government, as judges, ambassadors, secretaries, etc. Hence, the revenues or appropriations of public money for the support of the civil officers. More recently, the civil list, in England, embraces only the expenses of the reigning monarch's household. Free list. (a) A list of articles admitted to a country free of duty. (b) A list of persons admitted to any entertainment, as a theater or opera, without payment, or to whom a periodical, or the like, is furnished without cost. Syn. -- Roll; catalogue; register; inventory; schedule. -- List, Boll, Catalogue, Register, Inventory, Schedule. Alist is properly a simple series of names, etc., in a brief form, such as might naturally be entered in a narrow strip of paper. A roll was originally a list containing the names of persons belonging to a public body (as Parliament, etc.), which was rolled up and laid aside among its archives. A catalogue is a list of persons or things arranged in order, and usually containing some description of the same, more or less extended. A register is designed for record or preservation. An inventory is a list of articles, found on hand in a store of goods, or in the estate of a deceased person, or under similar circumstances. A schedule is a formal list or inventory prepared for legal or business purposes. List List (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Listed; p. pr. & vb. n. Listing.] [From list a roll.] 1. To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colors, or form a border. Sir H. Wotton. 2. To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; as, to list a door; to stripe as if with list. The tree that stood white-listed through the gloom. Tennyson. 3. To enroll; to place or register in a list. Listed among the upper serving men. Milton. 4. To engage, as a soldier; to enlist. I will list you for my soldier. Sir W. Scott. 5. (Carp.) To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of; as, to list a board. To list a stock (Stock Exchange), to put it in the list of stocks called at the meeting of the board.<-- to put it on a list of stocks which may be traded on a specific stock exchange --> List List, v. i. To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist. Listel List"el (?), n. [F. listel, dim. of liste fillet, list. See List the edge.] (Arch.) Same as List, n., 6. Listen Lis"ten (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Listened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Listening.] [OE. listnen, listen, lustnen, lusten, AS. hlystan; akin to hlyst hearing, OS. hlust, Icel. hlusta to listen, hlust ear, AS. hlosnian to wait in suspense, OHG. hlos\'c7n to listen, Gr. loud. &root;41. See Loud, and cf. List to listen.] 1. To give close attention with the purpose of hearing; to give ear; to hearken; to attend. When we have occasion to listen, and give a more particular attention to same sound, the tympanum is drawn to a more than ordinary tension. Holder. 2. To give heed; to yield to advice; to follow admonition; to obey. Listen to me, and by me be ruled. Tennyson. To listen after, to take an interest in. [Obs.] Soldiers note forts, armories, and magazines; scholars listen after libraries, disputations, and professors. Fuller. Syn. -- To attend; hearken. See Attend. Listen Lis"ten, v. t. To attend to. [Obs.] Shak. Listener Lis"ten*er (?), n. One who listens; a hearkener. Lister List"er (?), n. One who makes a list or roll. Lister Lis"ter (?), n. Same as Leister. Listerian Lis*te"ri*an (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to listerism. Listerism Lis"ter*ism (?), n. (Med.) The systematic use of antiseptics in the performance of operations and the treatment of wounds; -- so called from Joseph Lister, an English surgeon. Listful List"ful (?), a. Attentive [Obs.] Spenser. Listing List"ing, n. 1. The act or process of one who lists (in any sense of the verb); as, the listing of a door; the listing of a stock at the Stock Exchange. 2. The selvedge of cloth; list. 3. (Carp.) The sapwood cut from the edge of a board. 4. (Agric.) The throwing up of the soil into ridges, -- a method adopted in the culture of beets and some garden crops. [Local, U. S.] Listless List"less, a. [OE. listles, lustles. See Lust.] Having no desire or inclination; indifferent; heedless; spiritless. " A listless unconcern." Thomson. Benumbed with cold, and listless of their gain. Dryden. I was listless, and desponding. Swift. Syn. -- Heedless; careless; indifferent; vacant; uninterested; languid; spiritless; supine; indolent. -- List"less*ly, adv. -- List"less*ness, n. Lit Lit (?), a form of the imp. & p. p. of Light. Litany Lit"a*ny (?), n.; pl. Litanies (#). [OE. letanie, OF. letanie, F. litanie, L. litania, Gr. A solemn form of supplication in the public worship of various churches, in which the clergy and congregation join, the former leading and the latter responding in alternate sentences. It is usually of a penitential character. Supplications . . . for the appeasing of God's wrath were of the Greek church termed litanies, and rogations of the Latin. Hooker. Litarge Lit"arge (?), n. Litharge. [Obs.] Chaucer. Litchi Li"tchi` (?), n. (Bot.) The fruit of a tree native to China (Nephelium Litchi). It is nutlike, having a rough but tender shell, containing an aromatic pulp, and a single large seed. In the dried fruit which is exported the pulp somewhat resembles a raisin in color and form. [Written also lichi, and lychee.] -- lite (#). See -lith. Lite Lite (?), a., adv., & n. Little. [Obs.] Chaucer. Liter, Litre Li"ter, Li"tre (?), n. [F. litre, Gr. A measure of capacity in the metric system, being a cubic decimeter, equal to 61.022 cubic inches, or 2.113 American pints, or 1.76 English pints. Literacy Lit"er*a*cy (?), n. State of being literate. Literal Lit"er*al (?), a. [F. lit\'82ral, litt\'82ral, L. litteralis, literalis, fr. littera, litera, a letter. See Letter.] 1. According to the letter or verbal expression; real; not figurative or metaphorical; as, the literal meaning of a phrase. It hath but one simple literal sense whose light the owls can not abide. Tyndale . 2. Following the letter or exact words; not free. A middle course between the rigor of literal translations and the liberty of paraphrasts. Hooker. 3. Consisting of, or expressed by, letters. The literal notation of numbers was known to Europeans before the ciphers. Johnson. 4. Giving a strict or literal construction; unimaginative; matter-of fast; -- applied to persons. Literal contract (Law), contract of which the whole evidence is given in writing. Bouvier. -- Literal equation (Math.), an equation in which known quantities are expressed either wholly or in part by means of letters; -- distinguished from a numerical equation. Literal Lit"er*al, n. Literal meaning. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Literalism Lit"er*al*ism (?), n. 1. That which accords with the letter; a mode of interpreting literally; adherence to the letter. 2. (Fine Arts) The tendency or disposition to represent objects faithfully, without abstraction, conventionalities, or idealization. Literalist Lit"er*al*ist, n. One who adheres to the letter or exact word; an interpreter according to the letter. Literalty Lit`er*al"ty (?), n. [Cf. F. litt\'82ralit\'82.] The state or quality of being literal. Sir T. Browne. Literalization Lit`er*al*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of literalizing; reduction to a literal meaning. Literalize Lit"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Literalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Literalizing (?).] To make literal; to interpret or put in practice according to the strict meaning of the words; -- opposed to spiritualize; as, to literalize Scripture. Literalizer Lit"er*al*i`zer (?), n. A literalist. Literally Lit"er*al*ly, adv. 1. According to the primary and natural import of words; not figuratively; as, a man and his wife can not be literally one flesh. 2. With close adherence to words; word by word. So wild and ungovernable a poet can not be translated literally. Dryden. Literalness Lit"er*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being literal; literal import. Literary Lit"er*a*ry (?), a. [L. litterarius, literarius,fr. littera, litera, a letter: cf. F. litt\'82raire. See Letter.] 1. Of or pertaining to letters or literature; pertaining to learning or learned men; as, literary fame; a literary history; literary conversation. He has long outlived his century, the term commonly fixed as the test of literary merit. Johnson. 2. Versed in, or acquainted with, literature; occupied with literature as a profession; connected with literature or with men of letters; as, a literary man. In the literary as well as fashionable world. Mason. Literary property. (a) Property which consists in written or printed compositions. (b) The exclusive right of publication as recognized and limited by law.<--- e.g. a copyright --> Literate Lit"er*ate (?), a. [L. litteratus, literatus. See Letter.] Instructed in learning, science, or literature; learned; lettered. The literate now chose their emperor, as the military chose theirs. Landor. Literate Lit"er*ate, n. 1. One educated, but not having taken a university degree; especially, such a person who is prepared to take holy orders. [Eng.] 2. A literary man. Literati Lit`e*ra"ti (?), n. pl. [See Literatus.] Learned or literary men. See Literatus. Shakespearean commentators, and other literati. Craik. Literatim Lit`e*ra"tim (?), adv. [LL., fr. L.litera, litera, letter.] Letter for letter. Literation Lit`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. littera, litera, letter.] The act or process of representing by letters. Literator Lit"er*a`tor (?), n. [L. litterator, literator. See Letter.] 1. One who teaches the letters or elements of knowledge; a petty schoolmaster. Burke. 2. A person devoted to the study of literary trifles, esp. trifles belonging to the literature of a former age. That class of subjects which are interesting to the regular literator or black-letter " bibliomane," simply because they have once been interesting. De Quincey. 3. A learned person; a literatus. Sir W. Hamilton. Literature Lit"er*a*ture (?), n. [F. litt\'82rature, L. litteratura, literatura, learning, grammar, writing, fr.littera, litera, letter. See Letter.] 1. Learning; acquaintance with letters or books. 2. The collective body of literary productions, embracing the entire results of knowledge and fancy preserved in writing; also, the whole body of literary productions or writings upon a given subject, or in reference to a particular science or branch of knowledge, or of a given country or period; as, the literature of Biblical criticism; the literature of chemistry. 3. The class of writings distinguished for beauty of style or expression, as poetry, essays, or history, in distinction from scientific treatises and works which contain positive knowledge; belles-lettres. 4. The occupation, profession, or business of doing literary work. Lamp. Syn. -- Science; learning; erudition; belles-lettres. See Science. -- Literature, Learning, Erudition. Literature, in its widest sense, embraces all compositions in writing or print which preserve the results of observation, thought, or fancy; but those upon the positive sciences (mathematics, etc.) are usually excluded. It is often confined, however, to belles-lettres, or works of taste and sentiment, as poetry, eloquence, history, etc., excluding abstract discussions and mere erudition. A man of literature (in this narrowest sense) is one who is versed in belles-lettres; a man of learning excels in what is taught in the schools, and has a wide extent of knowledge, especially, in respect to the past; a man of erudition is one who is skilled in the more recondite branches of learned inquiry. The origin of all positive science and philosophy, as well as of all literature and art, in the forms in which they exist in civilized Europe, must be traced to the Greeks. Sir G. Lewis. Learning thy talent is, but mine is sense. Prior. Some gentlemen, abounding in their university erudition, fill their sermons with philosophical terms. Swift. Literatus Lit`e*ra"tus (?), n.; pl. Literati (#). [L. litteratus, literatus.] A learned man; a man acquainted with literature; -- chiefly used in the plural. Now we are to consider that our bright ideal of a literatus may chance to be maimed. De Quincey. -lith, -lite -lith (?), -lite (?). Combining forms fr. Gr. li`qos a stone; -- used chiefly in naming minerals and rocks. Lith Lith (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Lie, to recline, for lieth. Chaucer. Lith Lith (?), n. [AS. li.] A joint or limb; a division; a member; a part formed by growth, and articulated to, or symmetrical with, other parts. Chaucer. Lith\'91mia Li*th\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition in which uric (lithic) acid is present in the blood. Lithagogue Lith"a*gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A medicine having, or supposed to have, the power of expelling calculous matter with the urine. Hooper. Litharge Lith"arge (?), n. [OE. litarge, F. litharge, L. lithargyrus, Gr. (Chem.) Lead monoxide; a yellowish red substance, obtained as an amorphous powder, or crystallized in fine scales, by heating lead moderately in a current of air or by calcining lead nitrate or carbonate. It is used in making flint glass, in glazing earthenware, in making red lead minium, etc. Called also massicot. Lithargyrum Li*thar"gy*rum (?), n. [NL. See Litharge.] (Old Chem.) Crystallized litharge, obtained by fusion in the form of fine yellow scales. Lithate Lith"ate (?), n. (Old Med. Chem.) A salt of lithic or uric acid; a urate. [Obs.] [Written also lithiate.] Lithe Lithe (?), v. i. & i. [Icel Listen.] To listen or listen to; to hearken to. [Obs.] P. Plowman. Lithe Lithe, a. [AS. lind, gelind, OHG. lindi, Icel. linr, L. lenis soft, mild, lentus flexible, and AS. linnan to yield. Cf. Lenient.] 1. Mild; calm; as, lithe weather. [Obs.] 2. Capable of being easily bent; pliant; flexible; limber; as, the elephant's lithe proboscis. Milton. Lithe Lithe, v. t. [AS. Lithe, a.] To smooth; to soften; to palliate. [Obs.] Lithely Lithe"ly, adv. In a lithe, pliant, or flexible manner. Litheness Lithe"ness, n. The quality or state of being lithe; flexibility; limberness. Lither Li"ther (?), a. [AS. Bad; wicked; false; worthless; slothful. [Obs.] Chaucer. Not lither in business, fervent in spirit. Bp. Woolton. NOTE: &hand; Pr ofessor Sk eat thinks " the lither sky" as found in Shakespeare's Henry VI. ((Part I. IY. YII., 21) means the stagnant or pestilential sky. -- Li"ther*ly, adv. [Obs.]. -- Li"ther*ness, n. [Obs.] Litherly Li"ther*ly, a. Crafty; cunning; mischievous; wicked; treacherous; lazy.[Archaic] He [the dwarf] was waspish, arch, and litherly. Sir W. Scott. Lithesome Lithe"some (?), a. [See Lithe, a., and cf. Lissom.] Pliant; limber; flexible; supple; nimble; lissom. -- Lithe"some*ness, n. Lithia Lith"i*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Chem.) The oxide of lithium; a strong alkaline caustic similar to potash and soda, but weaker. See Lithium. Lithia emerald. See Hiddenite. Lithiasis Li*thi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) The formation of stony concretions or calculi in any part of the body, especially in the bladder and urinary passages. Dunglison. Lithic Lith"ic (?), a. [Gr. lithique.] 1. Of or pertaining to stone; as, lithic architecture. 2. (Med.) Pertaining to the formation of uric-acid concretions (stone) in the bladder and other parts of the body; as, lithic diathesis. LIthic acid (Old Med. Chem.), uric acid. See Uric acid, under Uric. Lithic Lith"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine which tends to prevent stone in the bladder. Lithic Lith"ic, a. [From Lithium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to or denoting lithium or some of its compounds. Frankland. Lithiophilite Lith`i*oph"i*lite (?), n. [Lithium + Gr. (Min.) A phosphate of manganese and lithium; a variety of triphylite. _________________________________________________________________ Page 860 Lithium Lith"i*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Chem.) A metallic element of the alkaline group, occurring in several minerals, as petalite, spodumene, lepidolite, triphylite, etc., and otherwise widely disseminated, though in small quantities. NOTE: &hand; Wh en is olated it is a so ft, si lver white metal, tarnishing and oxidizing very rapidly in the air. It is the lightest solid element known, specific gravity being 0.59. Symbol Li. Atomic weight 7.0 So called from having been discovered in a mineral. Litho Lith"o (?) A combining form from Gr. stone. Lithobilic Lith`o*bil"ic (?), a. [Litho + bile.] (Chem.) Pertaining to or designating an organic acid of the tartaric acid series, distinct from lithofellic acid, but, like it, obtained from certain bile products, as bezoar stones. Lithocarp Lith"o*carp (?), n. [Litho- + Gr. lithocarpe.] (Paleon.) Fossil fruit; a fruit petrified; a carpolite. Lithochromatics Lith`o*chro*mat"ics (?), n. See Lithochromics. Lithochromics Lith`o*chro"mics (?), n. [Litho- + Gr. The art of printing colored pictures on canvas from oil paintings on stone. Lithoclast Lith"o*clast (?), n. [Litho- + Gr. (Surg.) An instrument for crushing stones in the bladder. Lithocyst Lith"o*cyst (?), n. [Litho- + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) A sac containing small, calcareous concretions (otoliths). They are found in many Medus\'91, and other invertebrates, and are supposed to be auditory organs. Lithodome Lith"o*dome (?), n. [Litho- + Gr. lithodome.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of bivalves, which form holes in limestone, in which they live; esp., any species of the genus Lithodomus. Lithodomous Li*thod"o*mous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, Lithodomus; lithophagous. Lithodomus Li*thod"o*mus (?), n. [NL. See Lithodome.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of elongated bivalve shells, allied to the mussels, and remarkable for their ability to bore holes for shelter, in solid limestone, shells, etc. Called also Lithophagus. NOTE: &hand; Th ese ho les are at first very small and shallow, but are enlarged with the growth of the shell, sometimes becoming two or three inches deep and nearly an inch diameter. Lithofellic Lith"o*fel"lic (?), a. [Litho- + L. fel, fellis, gall.] (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a crystalline, organic acid, resembling cholic acid, found in the biliary intestinal concretions (bezoar stones) common in certain species of antelope. Lithofracteur Lith`o*frac"teur (?), n. [F., fr. frangere, fractum, to break.] An explosive compound of nitroglycerin. See Nitroglycerin. Lithogenesy Lith`o*gen"e*sy (?), n. [Litho- Gr. lithog\'82n\'82sie. See Genesis.] The doctrine or science of the origin of the minerals composing the globe. Lithogenous Li*thog"e*nous (?), a. [Litho- + -genous.] Stone-producing; -- said of polyps which form coral. Lithoglyph Lith"o*glyph (?), n. [Gr. An engraving on a gem. Lithoglypher Li*thog"ly*pher (?), n. One who curs or engraves precious stones. Lithoglyphic Lith`o*glyph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the art of cutting and engraving precious stones. Lithoglyptics Lith`o*glyp"tics (?), n. The art of cutting and engraving gems. Lithograph Lith"o*graph (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lithographed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lithographing (?).] [Litho- + -graph: cf. F. lithographier.] To trace on stone by the process of lithography so as to transfer the design to paper by printing; as, to lithograph a design; to lithograph a painting. See Lithography. Lithograph Lith"o*graph, n. A print made by lithography. Lithographer Li*thog"ra*pher (?), n. One who lithographs; one who practices lithography. Lithographic, Lithographical Lith`o*graph"ic (?), Lith`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. lithographique.] Of or pertaining to lithography; made by lithography; as, the lithographic art; a lithographic picture. Lithographic limestone (Min.), a compact, fine-grained limestone, obtained largely from the Lias and O\'94lite, esp. of Bavaria, and extensively used in lithography. -- Lith`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Lithography Li*thog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. lithographie.] The art or process of putting designs or writing, with a greasy material, on stone, and of producing printed impressions therefrom. The process depends, in the main, upon the antipathy between grease and water, which prevents a printing ink containing oil from adhering to wetted parts of the stone not covered by the design. See Lithographic limestone, under Lithographic.<-- now used for a similar process using any flat surface, such as a metal plate, for a similar purpose. (b) The process of producing patterns on semiconductor crystals by exposing photosensitive coatings on a matrix, such as silicon, to light patterns in the form desired for the circuit, and subsequently treating (e.g., chemically) the patterns thus formed in such a way as to create integrated semiconductor circuits with the desired properties. This is the principle method (1990's) to create the high-density integrated circuits used in the digital computers on which you are reading this. --> Lithoid Lithoidal Lith"oid (?) Li*thoid"al (?), a. [Litho- + -oid: cf. F. litho\'8bde.] Like a stone; having a stony structure. Litholatry Li*thol"a*try (?), n. [Litho- + Gr. The worship of a stone or stones. Lithologic, Lithological Lith`o*log"ic (?), Lith`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. lithologique.] 1. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the character of a rock, as derived from the nature and mode of aggregation of its mineral contents. 2. Of or pertaining to lithology. Lithologically Lith`o*log"ic*al*ly (?), adv. From a lithological point of view; as, to consider a stratum lithologically. Lithologist Li*thol"o*gist (?), n. One who is skilled in lithology. Lithology Li*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Litho- + -logy: cf. F. lithologie.] 1. The science which treats of rocks, as regards their mineral constitution and classification, and their mode of occurrence in nature. 2. (Med.) A treatise on stones found in the body. Lithomancy Lith"o*man`cy (?), n. [Litho- + -mancy: cf. F. lithomancie.] Divination by means of stones. Lithomarge Lith"o*marge (?), n. [Litho- + L. marga marl.] A clay of a fine smooth texture, and very sectile. Lithonthriptic, Lithonthryptic Lith`on*thrip"tic, Lith`on*thryp"tic (?), a. & n. [Litho- + Gr. Same as Lithontriptic. Lithontriptic Lith`on*trip"tic (?), a. [Gr. lithontriptique.] (Med.) Having the quality of, or used for, dissolving or destroying stone in the bladder or kidneys; as, lithontriptic forc\'82ps. -- n. A lithontriptic remedy or agent, as distilled water. Lithontriptist Lith"on*trip"tist, n. Same as Lithotriptist. Lithontriptor Lith"on*trip`tor (?), n. (Surg.) See Lithotriptor. Lithophagous Li*thoph"a*gous (?), a. [Litho- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Eating or swallowing stones or gravel, as the ostrich. (b) Eating or destroying stone; -- applied to various animals which make burrows in stone, as many bivalve mollusks, certain sponges, annelids, and sea urchins. See Lithodomus. Lithophane Lith`o*phane (?), n. [Litho- + Gr. Porcelain impressed with figures which are made distinct by transmitted light, -- as when hung in a window, or used as a lamp shade. Lithophosphor Lith"o*phos`phor (?), n. [Litho- + phosphor.] A stone that becomes phosphoric by heat. Lithophosphoric Lith`o*phos*phor"ic (?), a. Pertaining to lithophosphor; becoming phosphoric by heat. Lithophotography Lith`o*pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Litho- + photography.] Same as Photolithography. Lithophyll Lith"o*phyll (?), n. [Gr. lithophylle.] A fossil leaf or impression of a leaf. Lithophyse Lith"o*physe (?), n. [Litho- + Gr. (Min.) A spherulitic cavity often with concentric chambers, observed in some volcanic rocks, as in rhyolitic lavas. It is supposed to be produced by expanding gas, whence the name. Lithophyte Lith"o*phyte (?), n. [Litho- + Gr. lithophyte.] (Zo\'94l.) A hard, or stony, plantlike organism, as the gorgonians, corals, and corallines, esp. those gorgonians having a calcareous axis. All the lithophytes except the corallines are animals. Lithophytic Lith`o*phyt"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to lithophytes. Lithophytous Li*thoph"y*tous (?), a. Lithophytic. Lithosian Li*tho"sian (?), n. [From NL. Lithosia, the typical genus, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of various species of moths belonging to the family Lithosid\'91. Many of them are beautifully colored. Lithotint Lith"o*tint (?), n. [Litho- + tint.] 1. A kind of lithography by which the effect of a tinted drawing is produced, as if made with India ink. 2. A picture produced by this process. Lithotome Lith"o*tome (?), n. [Gr. lithotome.] 1. A stone so formed by nature as to appear as if cut by art. 2. (Surg.) An instrument used for cutting the bladder in operations for the stone. Lithotomic, Lithotomical Lith`o*tom"ic (?), Lith`o*tom"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. lithotomique.] Pertaining to, or performed by, lithotomy. Lithotomist Li*thot"o*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. lithotomiste.] One who performs the operation of cutting for stone in the bladder, or one who is skilled in the operation. Lithotomy Li*thot"o*my (?), n. [L. lithotomia, Gr. lithotomie.] (Surg.) The operation, art, or practice of cutting for stone in the bladder. Lithotripsy Lith"o*trip`sy (?), n. [Litho- + Gr. lithotripsie.] (Surg.) The operation of crushing a stone in the bladder with an instrument called lithotriptor or lithotrite; lithotrity. Lithotriptic Lith`o*trip"tic (?), a. & n. Same as Lithontriptic. Lithotriptist Lith"o*trip`tist (?), n. One skilled in breaking and extracting stone in the bladder. Lithotriptor Lith"o*trip`tor (?), n. (Surg.) An instrument for triturating the stone in the bladder; a lithotrite. Lithotrite, Lithotritor Lith"o*trite (?), Lith"o*tri"tor (?),[See Lithotrity.] (Surg.) A lithotriptor. Lithotritist Li*thot"ri*tist (?), n. A lithotriptist. Lithotrity Li*thot"ri*ty (?), n. [Litho- + L. terere, tritum, to rub, grind.] (Surg.) The operation of breaking a stone in the bladder into small pieces capable of being voided.<-- = lithotripsy? --> Lithotype Lith"o*type (?), n. A kind of stereotype plate made by lithotypy; also, that which in printed from it. See Lithotypy. Lithotype Lith"o*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lithotyped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lithotyping (?).] To prepare for printing with plates made by the process of lithotypy. See Lithotypy. Lithotypic Lith`o*typ"ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or produced by, lithotypy. Lithotypy Li*thot"y*py (?), n. [Litho- + -typy.] The art or process of making a kind of hard, stereotypeplate, by pressing into a mold, taken from a page of type or other matter, a composition of gum shell-lac and sand of a fine quality, together with a little tar and linseed oil, all in a heated state. Lithoxyl Li*thox`yl (?), n. [Written also lithoxyle.] [Litho- + Gr. lithoxyle.] Petrified wood. [Obs.] Lithuanian Lith`u*a"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Lithuania (formerly a principality united with Poland, but now Russian and Prussian territory).<-- after 1992, an independent country. --> Lithuanian Lith`u*a"ni*an, n. A native, or one of the people, of Lithuania; also, the language of the Lithuanian people. Lithy Lith"y (?) a. [See Lithe.] Easily bent; pliable. Lithy tree (Bot.), a European shrub (Viburnum Lantana); -- so named from its tough and flexible stem. Litigable Lit"i*ga*ble (?), a. Such as can be litigated. Litigant Lit"i*gant (?), a. [L. litigans, -antis, p. pr. of litigare: cf. F. litigant. See Litigate.] Disposed to litigate; contending in law; engaged in a lawsuit; as, the parties litigant. Ayliffe. Litigant Lit"i*gant, n. A person engaged in a lawsuit. Litigate Lit"i*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Litigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Litigating.] [See Litigation.] To make the subject of a lawsuit; to contest in law; to prosecute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and judicial debate in a court; as, to litigate a cause. Litigate Lit"i*gate, v. i. To carry on a suit by judicial process. Litigation Lit`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L. litigatio, fr. litigare to dispute, litigate; lis, litis, dispute, lawsuit (OL. stlis) + agere to carry on. See Agent.] The act or process of litigating; a suit at law; a judicial contest. Litigator Lit"i*ga`tor (?), n. [L.] One who litigates. Litigious Li*ti"gious (?), a. [L. litigiosus, fr. litigium dispute, quarrel, fr. litigare: cf. F. litigieux. See Litigation.] 1. Inclined to judicial contest; given to the practice of contending in law; guarrelsome; contentious; fond of litigation. " A pettifogging attorney or a litigious client." Macaulay. Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still Litigious men, who guarrels move. Donne. 2. Subject to contention; disputable; controvertible; debatable; doubtful; precarious. Shak. No fences, parted fields, nor marks, nor bounds, Distinguished acres of litigious grounds. Dryden. 3. Of or pertaining to legal disputes. Nor brothers cite to the litigious bar. Young. Litigiously Li*ti"gious*ly, adv. In a litigious manner. Litigiousness Li*ti"gious*ness, n. The state of being litigious; disposition to engage in or carry on lawsuits. Litmus Lit"mus (?), n. [D. lakmoes; lak lacker + moes a thick preparation of fruit, pap, prob. akin to E. meat: cf. G. lackmus. See Lac a resinous substance.] (Chem.) A dyestuff extracted from certain lichens (Roccella tinctoria, Lecanora tartarea, etc.), as a blue amorphous mass which consists of a compound of the alkaline carbonates with certain coloring matters related to orcin and orcein. NOTE: &hand; Litmus is used as a dye, and being turned red by acids and restored to its blue color by alkalies, is a common indicator or test for acidity and alkalinity. Litmus paper (Chem.), unsized paper saturated with blue or red litmus, -- used in testing for acids or alkalies. <-- litmus test, (Fig.) a test for a single factor, which has only two outcomes, positive or negative; (Politics) For voters concerned predominantly by a single issue, the question of whether a candidate is for or against their position on that issue. --> Litotes Li"to*tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A diminution or softening of statement for the sake of avoiding censure or increasing the effect by contrast with the moderation shown in the form of expression; as, " a citizen of no mean city," that is, of an illustrious city. Litraneter Li*tran"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. li`tra + -meter. See Liter] An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of liquids. Litre Li"tre (?), n. [F.] Same as Liter. Litter Lit"ter (?), n. [F. liti\'8are, LL. lectaria, fr. L. lectus couch, bed. See Lie to be prostrated, and cf. Coverlet.] 1. A bed or stretcher so arranged that a person, esp. a sick or wounded person, may be easily carried in or upon it. There is a litter ready; lay him in 't. Shak. 2. Straw, hay, etc., scattered on a floor, as bedding for animals to rest on; also, a covering of straw for plants. To crouch in litter of your stable planks. Shak. Take off the litter from your kernel beds. Evelyn. 3. Things lying scattered about in a manner indicating slovenliness; scattered rubbish. Strephon, who found the room was void. Stole in, and took a strict survey Of all the litter as it lay. Swift. 4. Disorder or untidiness resulting from scattered rubbish, or from thongs lying about uncared for; as, a room in a state of litter. 5. The young brought forth at one time, by a sow or other multiparous animal, taken collectively. Also Fig. A wolf came to a sow, and very kindly offered to take care of her litter. D. Estrange. Reflect upon numerous litter of strange, senseless opinions that crawl about the world. South. Litter Lit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Littered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Littering.] 1. To supply with litter, as cattle; to cover with litter, as the floor of a stall. Tell them how they litter their jades. Bp. Hacke For his ease, well littered was the floor. Dryden. 2. To put into a confused or disordered condition; to strew with scattered articles; as, to litter a room. The room with volumes littered round. Swift. 3. To give birth to; to bear; -- said of brutes, esp. those which produce more than one at a birth, and also of human beings, in abhorrence or contempt. We might conceive that dogs were created blind, because we observe they were littered so with us. Sir T. Browne. The son that she did litter here, A freckled whelp hagborn. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 861 Litter Lit"ter (?), v. i. 1. To be supplied with litter as bedding; to sleep or make one's bed in litter. [R.] The inn Where he and his horse littered. Habington. 2. To produce a litter. A desert . . . where the she-wolf still littered. Macaulay. Litterateur Lit`te`ra`teur" (?), n. [F.] One who occupies himself with literature; a literary man; a literatus. " Befriended by one kind-hearted litt\'82rateur after another." C. Kingsley. Littery Lit"ter*y (?), a. Covered or encumbered with litter; consisting of or constituting litter. Little Lit"tle (?), a. [The regular comparative of this word is wanting, its place being supplied by less, or, rarely, lesser. See Lesser. For the superlative least is used, the regular form, littlest, occurring very rarely, except in some of the English provinces, and occasionally in colloquial language. " Where love is great, the littlest doubts are fear." Shak.] [OE. litel, lutel, AS. l, l\'c6tel, l; akin to OS. littil, D. luttel, LG. l\'81tt, OHG. luzzil, MHG. l\'81tzel; and perh. to AS. lytig deceitful, lot deceit, Goth. liuts deceitful, lut to deceive; cf. also Icel. l\'c6till little, Sw. liten, Dan. liden, lille, Goth. leitils, which appear to have a different root vowel.] 1. Small in size or extent; not big; diminutive; -- opposed to big or large; as, a little body; a little animal; a little piece of ground; a little hill; a little distance; a little child. He sought to see Jesus who he was; and could not for the press, because he was little of stature. Luke xix. 3. 2. Short in duration; brief; as, a little sleep. Best him enough: after a little time, I'll beat him too. Shak. 3. Small in quantity or amount; not much; as, a little food; a little air or water. Conceited of their little wisdoms, and doting upon their own fancies. Barrow. 4. Small in dignity, power, or importance; not great; insignificant; contemptible. When thou wast little in thine own sight, wast thou not made the head of the tribes? I Sam. xv. 17. 5. Small in force or efficiency; not strong; weak; slight; inconsiderable; as, little attention or exertion;little effort; little care or diligence. By sad experiment I know How little weight my words with thee can find. Milton. 6. Small in extent of views or sympathies; narrow; shallow; contracted; mean; illiberal; ungenerous. The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise, Because their natures are little. Tennyson. Little chief. (Zo\'94l.) See Chief hare. -- Little finger, the fourth and smallest finger of the hand. -- Little go (Eng. Universities), a public examination about the middle of the course, which as less strict and important than the final one; -- called also smalls. Cf. Great go, under Great. Thackeray. -- Little hours (R. C. Ch.), the offices of prime, tierce, sext, and nones. Vespers and compline are sometimes included. -- Little ones, young children. The men, and the women, and the little ones. Deut. ii. 34. Little Lit"tle, n. 1. That which is little; a small quantity, amount, space, or the like. Much was in little writ. Dryden. There are many expressions, which carrying with them no clear ideas, are like to remove but little of my ignorance. Locke. 2. A small degree or scale; miniature. " His picture in little." Shak. A little, to or in a small degree; to a limited extent; somewhat; for a short time. " Stay a little." Shak. The painter flattered her a little. Shak. -- By little and little, OR Little by little, by slow degrees; piecemeal; gradually. Little Lit"tle, adv. In a small quantity or degree; not much; slightly; somewhat; -- often with a preceding it. " The poor sleep little." Otway. Little-ease Lit"tle-ease` (?), n. An old slang name for the pillory, stocks, etc., of a prison.[Eng.] Latimer. Littleness Lit"tle*ness, n. The state or quality of being little; as, littleness of size, thought, duration, power, etc. Syn. -- Smallness; slightness; inconsiderableness; narrowness; insignificance; meanness; penuriousness. Littoral Lit"to*ral (?), a. [L. littoralis, litoralis, from littus, litus, the seashore: cf. F. littoral.] 1. Of or pertaining to a shore, as of the sea. 2. (Biol.) Inhabiting the seashore, esp. the zone between high-water and low-water mark. Littorina Lit"to*ri"na (?), n. [NL. See Littoral.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small pectinibranch mollusks, having thick spiral shells, abundant between tides on nearly all rocky seacoasts. They feed on seaweeds. The common periwinkle is a well-known example. See Periwinkle. Littress Lit"tress (?), n. A smooth kind of cartridge paper used for making cards. Knight. Litate Lit"ate (?), a. [See Lituus.] (Bot.) Forked, with the points slightly curved outward. Lituiform Lit"u*i*form (?), a. [Lituus + -form.] Having the form of a lituus; like a lituite. Lituite Lit"u*ite (?), n. [See Lituus.] (Paleon.) Any species of ammonites of the genus Lituites. They are found in the Cretaceous formation. Liturate Lit"u*rate (?), a. [L. lituratus, p. p. of liturare to erase, fr. litura a blur.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Having indistinct spots, paler at their margins. 2. (Bot.) Spotted, as if from abrasions of the surface. Liturgic, Liturgical Li*tur"gic (?), Li*tur"gic*al (?),[Gr. liturgique.] Pertaining to, of or the nature of, a liturgy; of or pertaining to public prayer and worship. T. Warton. Liturgically Li*tur"gic*al*ly, adv. In the manner of a liturgy. Liturgics Li*tur"gics (?), n. The science of worship; history, doctrine, and interpretation of liturgies. Liturgiologist Li*tur`gi*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in liturgiology. Liturgiology Li*tur`gi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Liturgy + -logy.] The science treating of liturgical matters; a treatise on, or description of, liturgies. Shipley. Liturgist Lit"ur*gist (?), n. One who favors or adheres strictly to a liturgy. Milton. Liturgy Lit"ur*gy (?), n.; pl. Liturgies (#). [F. liturgie, LL. liturgia, Gr. Lay, a., and Work.] An established formula for public worship, or the entire ritual for public worship in a church which uses prescribed forms; a formulary for public prayer or devotion. In the Roman Catholic Church it includes all forms and services in any language, in any part of the world, for the celebration of Mass. Lituus Lit"u*us (?), n.; pl. Litui (#). [L.] 1. (Rom. Antig.) (a) A curved staff used by the augurs in quartering the heavens. (b) An instrument of martial music; a kind of trumpet of a somewhat curved form and shrill note. 2. (Math.) A spiral whose polar equation is r2th = a; that is, a curve the square of whose radius vector varies inversely as the angle which the radius vector makes with a given line. Livable Liv"a*ble (?), a. 1. Such as can be lived. 2. Such as in pleasant to live in; fit or suitable to live in. [Colloq.] A more delightful or livable region is not easily to be found. T. Arnold. Live Live (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Living.] [OE. liven, livien, AS. libban, lifian; akin to OS. libbian, D. leven, G. leben, OHG. lebn, Dan. leve, Sw. lefva, Icel. lifa to live, to be left, to remain, Goth. liban to live; akin to E. leave to forsake, and life, Gr. lip to anoint, smear; -- the first sense prob. was, to cleave to, stick to; hence, to remain, stay; and hence, to live.] 1. To be alive; to have life; to have, as an animal or a plant, the capacity of assimilating matter as food, and to be dependent on such assimilation for a continuance of existence; as, animals and plants that live to a great age are long in reaching maturity. Thus saith the Lord God unto these bones; Behold, I will . . . lay sinews upon you, and will bring up flesh upon you, and cover you with skin, and put breath in you, and ye shall live. Ezek. xxxvii. 5, 6. 2. To pass one's time; to pass life or time in a certain manner, as to habits, conduct, or circumstances; as, to live in ease or affluence; to live happily or usefully. O death, how bitter is the remembrance of thee to a man that liveth at rest in his possessions! Ecclus. xli. 1. 3. To make one's abiding place or home; to abide; to dwell; to reside. Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years. Gen. xlvii. 28. 4. To be or continue in existence; to exist; to remain; to be permanent; to last; -- said of inanimate objects, ideas, etc. Men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues We write in water. Shak. 5. To enjoy or make the most of life; to be in a state of happiness. What greater curse could envious fortune give Than just to die when I began to live? Dryden. 6. To feed; to subsist; to be nourished or supported; -- with on; as, horses live on grass and grain. 7. To have a spiritual existence; to be quickened, nourished, and actuated by divine influence or faith. The just shall live by faith. Gal. iii. ll. 8. To be maintained in life; to acquire a livelihood; to subsist; -- with on or by; as, to live on spoils. Those who live by labor. Sir W. Temple. 9. To outlast danger; to float; -- said of a ship, boat, etc.; as, no ship could live in such a storm. A strong mast that lived upon the sea. Shak. To live out, to be at service; to live away from home as a servant. [U. S.] -- To live with. (a) To dwell or to be a lodger with. (b) To cohabit with; to have intercourse with, as male with female. Live Live (?), v. t. 1. To spend, as one's life; to pass; to maintain; to continue in, constantly or habitually; as, to live an idle or a useful life. 2. To act habitually in conformity with; to practice. To live the Gospel. Foxe. To live down, to live so as to subdue or refute; as, to live down slander. Live Live (?), a. [Abbreviated from alive. See Alive, Life.] 1. Having life; alive; living; not dead. If one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it. Ex. xxi. 35. 2. Being in a state of ignition; burning; having active properties; as, a live coal; live embers. " The live ether." Thomson. 3. Full of earnestness; active; wide awake; glowing; as, a live man, or orator. 4. Vivid; bright. " The live carnation." Thomson. 5. (Engin.) Imparting power; having motion; as, the live spindle of a lathe. <-- 6. (Elec.) connected to a voltage source, as a live wire. 7. (Broadcasting) being transmitted instantaneously, as events occur, in contrast to recorded. 8. (Sport) still in active play -- as a live ball. 9. pertaingin to an entertainment event which was performed (and possibly recorded) in front of an audience; contrasted to performances recorded in a studio without an audience --> Live birth, the condition of being born in such a state that acts of life are manifested after the extrusion of the whole body. Dunglison. -- Live box, a cell for holding living objects under microscopical examination. P. H. Gosse. -- Live feathers, feathers which have been plucked from the living bird, and are therefore stronger and more elastic. -- Live gang. (Sawing) See under Gang. -- Live grass (Bot.), a grass of the genus Eragrostis. -- Live load (Engin.), a suddenly applied load; a varying load; a moving load; as a moving train of cars on a bridge, or wind pressure on a roof. Live oak (Bot.), a species of oak (Quercus virens), growing in the Southern States, of great durability, and highly esteemed for ship timber. In California the Q. chrysolepis and some other species are also called live oaks. -- Live ring (Engin.), a circular train of rollers upon which a swing bridge, or turntable, rests, and which travels around a circular track when the bridge or table turns. -- Live steam , steam direct from the boiler, used for any purpose, in distinction from exhaust steam. -- Live stock, horses, cattle, and other domestic animals kept on a farm. whole body. <-- live wire (a) (Elec.) a wire connected to a power source, having a voltage potential; -- used esp. of a power line with a high potential relative to ground, capable of harming a person who touches it. (b) [MW10] (Fig.) "an alert, active, or aggressive person." --> Live Live (?), n. Life. [Obs.] Chaucer. On live, in life; alive. [Obs.] See Alive. Chaucer. Lived Lived (?), a. Having life; -- used only in composition; as, long-lived; short-lived. Live-forever Live"-for*ev`er (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Sedum Telephium) with fleshy leaves, which has extreme powers of resisting drought; garden ox-pine. Livelihed Live"li*hed (?), n. See Livelihood. [Obs.] Livelihood Live"li*hood (?), n. [OE. livelode, liflode, prop., course of life, life's support, maintenance, fr. AS. l\'c6f life + l\'bed road, way, maintenance. Confused with livelihood liveliness. See Life, and Lode.] Subsistence or living, as dependent on some means of support; support of life; maintenance. The opportunities of gaining an honest livelihood. Addison. It is their profession and livelihood to get their living by practices for which they deserve to forfeit their lives. South. Livelihood Live"li*hood, n. [Lively + -hood.] Liveliness; appearance of life. [Obs.] Shak. Livelily Live"li*ly, adv. In a lively manner. [Obs.] Lamb. Liveliness Live"li*ness, n. [From Lively.] 1. The quality or state of being lively or animated; sprightliness; vivacity; animation; spirit; as, the liveliness of youth, contrasted with the gravity of age. B. Jonson. 2. An appearance of life, animation, or spirit; as, the liveliness of the eye or the countenance in a portrait. 3. Briskness; activity; effervescence, as of liquors. Syn. -- Sprightliness; gayety; animation; vivacity; smartness; briskness; activity. -- Liveliness, Gayety, Animation, Vivacity. Liveliness is an habitual feeling of life and interest; gayety refers more to a temporary excitement of the animal spirits; animation implies a warmth of emotion and a corresponding vividness of expressing it, awakened by the presence of something which strongly affects the mind; vivacity is a feeling between liveliness and animation, having the permanency of the one, and, to some extent, the warmth of the other. Liveliness of imagination; gayety of heart; animation of countenance; vivacity of gesture or conversation. Livelode Live"lode` (?), n. [See 1st Livelihood.] Course of life; means of support; livelihood. [Obs.] Livelong Live"long` (?), a. [For lifelong. Cf. Lifelong.] 1. Whole; entire; long in passing; -- used of time, as day or night, in adverbial phrases, and usually with a sense of tediousness. The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Shak. How could she sit the livelong day, Yet never ask us once to play? Swift. 2. Lasting; durable. [Obs.] Thou hast built thyself a livelong monument. Milton. Lively Live"ly (?), a. [Compar. Livelier (?); superl. Liveliest.] [For lifely. Cf. Lifelike.] 1. Endowed with or manifesting life; living. Chaplets of gold and silver resembling lively flowers and leaves. Holland. 2. Brisk; vivacious; active; as, a lively youth. But wherefore comes old Manoa in such haste, With youthful steps ? Much livelier than erewhile He seems. Milton. 3. Gay; airy; animated; spirited. From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope. 4. Representing life; lifelike. [Obs.] I spied the lively picture of my father. Massinger. 5. Bright; vivid; glowing; strong; vigorous. The colors of the prism are manifestly more full, intense, and lively that those of natural bodies. Sir I. Newton. His faith must be not only living, but lively too. South. Lively stones (Script.), saints, as being quickened by the Spirit, and active in holiness. Syn. -- Brisk; vigorous; quick; nimble; smart; active; alert; sprightly; animated; spirited; prompt; earnest; strong; energetic; vivid; vivacious; blithe; gleeful; airy; gay; jocund. Lively Live"ly, adv. 1. In a brisk, active, or animated manner; briskly; vigorously. Hayward. 2. With strong resemblance of life. [Obs.] Thou counterfeitest most lively. Shak. Liver Liv"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, lives. And try if life be worth the liver's care. Prior. 2. A resident; a dweller; as, a liver in Brooklyn. 3. One whose course of life has some marked characteristic (expressed by an adjective); as, a free liver. Fast liver, one who lives in an extravagant and dissipated way. -- Free liver, Good liver, one given to the pleasures of the table. -- Loose liver, a person who lives a somewhat dissolute life. Liver Liv"er, n. [AS. lifer; akin to D. liver, G. leber, OHG. lebara, Icel. lifr, Sw. lefver, and perh. to Gr. live, v.] (Anat.) A very large glandular and vascular organ in the visceral cavity of all vertebrates. NOTE: &hand; Mo st of th e ve nous blood from the alimentary canal passes through it on its way back to the heart; and it secretes the bile, produces glycogen, and in other ways changes the blood which passes through it. In man it is situated immediately beneath the diaphragm and mainly on the right side. See Bile, Digestive, and Glycogen. The liver of invertebrate animals is usually made up of c\'91cal tubes, and differs materially, in form and function, from that of vertebrates. Floating liver. See Wandering liver, under Wandering. -- Liver of antimony, Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar. -- Liver brown, Liver color, the color of liver, a dark, reddish brown. -- Liver shark (Zo\'94l.), a very large shark (Cetorhinus maximus), inhabiting the northern coasts both of Europe and North America. It sometimes becomes forty feet in length, being one of the largest sharks known; but it has small simple teeth, and is not dangerous. It is captured for the sake of its liver, which often yields several barrels of oil. It has gill rakers, resembling whalebone, by means of which it separates small animals from the sea water. Called also basking shark, bone shark, hoemother, homer, and sailfish<-- sometimes referred to as 'whale shark', but that name is more commonly used for the Rhincodon typus, which grows even larger -->. -- Liver spots, yellowish brown patches or spots of chloasma. _________________________________________________________________ Page 862 Liver Liv"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The glossy ibis (Ibis falcinellus); -- said to have given its name to the city of Liverpool. Liver-colored Liv"er-col`ored (?), a. Having a color like liver; dark reddish brown. Livered Liv"ered (?), a. Having (such) a liver; used in composition; as, white-livered. Liver-grown Liv"er-grown` (?), a. Having an enlarged liver. Dunglison. Liveried Liv"er*ied (?), a. Wearing a livery. See Livery, 3. The liveried servants wait. Parnell. Livering Liv"er*ing, n. A kind of pudding or sausage made of liver or pork. [Obs.] Chapman. Liverleaf Liv"er*leaf` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Liverwort. Liverwort Liv"er*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) 1. A ranunculaceous plant (Anemone Hepatica) with pretty white or bluish flowers and a three-lobed leaf; -- called also squirrel cups. 2. A flowerless plant (Marchantia polymorpha), having an irregularly lobed, spreading, and forking frond. NOTE: &hand; Fr om th is pl ant ma ny ot hers of th e sa me or der (Hepatic\'91) have been vaguely called liverworts, esp. those of the tribe Marchantiace\'91. See Illust. of Hepatica. Livery Liv"er*y (?), n.; pl. Liveries (#). [OE. livere, F. livr\'82e, formerly, a gift of clothes made by the master to his servants, prop., a thing delivered, fr. livrer to deliver, L. liberare to set free, in LL., to deliver up. See Liberate.] 1. (Eng. Law) (a) The act of delivering possession of lands or tenements. (b) The writ by which possession is obtained. NOTE: &hand; It is us ual to sa y, li very of seizin, which is a feudal investiture, made by the delivery of a turf, of a rod, or twig, from the feoffor to the feoffee. In the United States, and now in Great Britain, no such ceremony is necessary, the delivery of a deed being sufficient. 2. Release from wardship; deliverance. It concerned them first to sue out their livery from the unjust wardship of his encroaching prerogative. Milton. 3. That which is delivered out statedly or formally, as clothing, food, etc.; especially: (a) The uniform clothing issued by feudal superiors to their retainers and serving as a badge when in military service. (b) The peculiar dress by which the servants of a nobleman or gentleman are distinguished; as, a claret-colored livery. (c) Hence, also, the peculiar dress or garb appropriated by any association or body of persons to their own use; as, the livery of the London tradesmen, of a priest, of a charity school, etc.; also, the whole body or company of persons wearing such a garb, and entitled to the privileges of the association; as, the whole livery of London. A Haberdasher and a Carpenter, A Webbe, a Dyer, and a Tapicer, And they were clothed all in one livery Of a solempne and a gret fraternite. Chaucer. From the periodical deliveries of these characteristic articles of servile costume (blue coats) came our word livery. De Quincey. (d) Hence, any characteristic dress or outward appearance. " April's livery." Sir P. Sidney. Now came still evening on, and twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things clad. Milton. (e) An allowance of food statedly given out; a ration, as to a family, to servants, to horses, etc. The emperor's officers every night went through the town from house to house whereat any English gentleman did repast or lodge, and served their liveries for all night: first, the officers brought into the house a cast of fine manchet [white bread], and of silver two great post, and white wine, and sugar. Cavendish. (f) The feeding, stabling, and care of horses for compensation; boarding; as, to keep one's horses at livery. What livery is, we by common use in England know well enough, namely, that is, allowance of horse meat, as to keep horses at livery, the which word, I guess, is derived of livering or delivering forth their nightly food. Spenser. It need hardly be observed that the explanation of livery which Spenser offers is perfectly correct, but . . . it is no longer applied to the ration or stated portion of food delivered at stated periods. Trench. (g) The keeping of horses in readiness to be hired temporarily for riding or driving; the state of being so kept. Pegasus does not stand at livery even at the largest establishment in Moorfields. Lowell. 4. A low grade of wool. Livery gown, the gown worn by a liveryman in London. Livery Liv"er*y, v. t. To clothe in, or as in, livery. Shak. Liveryman Liv"er*y*man (?), n.; pl. Liverymen (. 1. One who wears a livery, as a servant. 2. A freeman of the city, in London, who, having paid certain fees, is entitled to wear the distinguishing dress or livery of the company to which he belongs, and also to enjoy certain other privileges, as the right of voting in an election for the lord mayor, sheriffs, chamberlain, etc. 3. One who keeps a livery stable. Livery stable Liv"er*y sta`ble (?). A stable where horses are kept for hire, and where stabling is provided. See Livery, n., 3 (e) (f) & (g). Lives Lives (?), n.; pl. of Life. Lives Lives (?), a. & adv. [Orig. a genitive sing. of life.] Alive; living; with life. [Obs.] " Any lives creature." Chaucer. Livid Liv"id (?), a. [L. lividus, from livere to be of a blush color, to be black and blue: cf. F. livide.] Black and blue; grayish blue; of a lead color; discolored, as flesh by contusion. Cowper. There followed no carbuncles, no purple or livid spots, the mass of the blood not being tainted. Bacon. Lividity Li*vid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. lividit\'82.] The state or quality of being livid. Lividness Liv"id*ness (?), n. Lividity. Walpole. Laving Lav"ing (?), a. [From Live, v. i.] 1. Being alive; having life; as, a living creature. 2. Active; lively; vigorous; -- said esp. of states of the mind , and sometimes of abstract things; as, a living faith; a living principle. " Living hope. " Wyclif. 3. Issuing continually from the earth; running; flowing; as, a living spring; -- opposed to stagnant. 4. Producing life, action, animation, or vigor; quickening. " Living light." Shak. 5. Ignited; glowing with heat; burning; live. Then on the living coals wine they pour. Dryden. Living force. See Vis viva, under Vis. -- Living gale (Naut.), a heavy gale. Living rock OR stone, rock in its native or original state or location; rock not quarried. " I now found myself on a rude and narrow stairway, the steps of which were cut of the living rock." Moore. -- The living, those who are alive, or one who is alive. Living Liv"ing, n. 1. The state of one who, or that which, lives; lives; life; existence. "Health and living." Shak. 2. Manner of life; as, riotous living; penurious living; earnest living. " A vicious living." Chaucer. 3. Means of subsistence; sustenance; estate. She can spin for her living. Shak. He divided unto them his living. Luke xv. 12. 4. Power of continuing life; the act of living, or living comfortably. There is no living without trusting somebody or other in some cases. L' Estrange. 5. The benefice of a clergyman; an ecclesiastical charge which a minister receives. [Eng.] He could not get a deanery, a prebend, or even a living Macaulay. Livng room, the room most used by the family. Livingly Liv"ing*ly, adv. In a living state. Sir T. Browne. Livingness Liv"ing*ness, n. The state or quality of being alive; possession of energy or vigor; animation; quickening. Livonian Li*vo"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Livonia, a district of Russia near the Baltic Sea. Livinian Li*vi"ni*an, n. A native or an inhabitant of Livonia; the language (allied to the Finnish) of the Livonians. Livor Li"vor (?), n. [L.] Malignity. [P.] Burton. Livraison Li`vrai`son" (?), n. [F., fr. L. liberatio a setting free, in LL., a delivering up. See Liberation.] A part of a book or literary composition printed and delivered by itself; a number; a part. Livre Li"vre (?), n. [F., fr. L. libra a pound of twelve ounces. Cf. Lira.] A French money of account, afterward a silver coin equal to 20 sous. It is not now in use, having been superseded by the franc. Lixivial Lix*iv"i*al (?), a. [L. lixivius, fr. lix ashes, lye ashes, lye: cf. F. lixiviel.] 1. Impregnated with, or consisting of, alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; impregnated with a salt or salts like a lixivium. Boyle. 2. Of the color of lye; resembling lye. 3. Having the qualities of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes. Lixivial salts (Old Chem.), salts which are obtained by passing water through ashes, or by pouring it on them. Lixiviate, Lixivited Lix*iv"i*ate (?), Lix*iv"i*`ted (?), a. [From Lixivium.] 1. Of or pertaining to lye or lixivium; of the quality of alkaline salts. 2. Impregnated with salts from wood ashes. Boyle. Lixiviate Lix*iv"i*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lixiviated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lixiviating (?).] To subject to a washing process for the purpose of separating soluble material from that which is insoluble; to leach, as ashes, for the purpose of extracting the alkaline substances. Lixiviation Lix*iv`i*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. lixiviation.] Lixiviating; the process of separating a soluble substance form one that is insoluble, by washing with some solvent, as water; leaching. Lixivious Lix*iv"i*ous (?), a. See Lixivial. Lixivium Lix*iv"i*um (?), n. [L. lixivium, lixivia. See Lixivial.] A solution of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; hence, any solution obtained by lixiviation. Lixt Lixt (?), obs. 2d pers. sing. pres. of Lige, to lie, to tell lies, -- contracted for ligest. Chaucer. Liza Li"za (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American white mullet (Mugil curema). Lizard Liz"ard (?), n. [OE. lesarde, OF. lesarde, F. l\'82zard, L. lacerta, lacertus. Cf. Alligator, Lacerta.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the numerous species of reptiles belonging to the order Lacertilia; sometimes, also applied to reptiles of other orders, as the Hatteria. NOTE: &hand; Mo st li zards have an elongated body, with four legs, and a long tail; but there are some without legs, and some with a short, thick tail. Most have scales, but some are naked; most have eyelids, but some do not. The tongue is varied in form and structure. In some it is forked, in others, as the chameleons, club-shaped, and very extensible. See Amphisb\'91na, Chameleon, Gecko, Gila monster, Horned toad, Iguana, and Dragon, 6. 2. (Naut.) A piece of rope with thimble or block spliced into one or both of the ends. R. H. Dana, Ir. 3. A piece of timber with a forked end, used in dragging a heavy stone, a log, or the like, from a field. Lizard fish (Zo\'94l.), a marine scopeloid fish of the genus Synodus, or Saurus, esp. S. f\'d2tens of the Southern United States and West Indies; -- called also sand pike. -- Lizard snake (Zo\'94l.), the garter snake (Eut\'91nia sirtalis). -- Lizard stone (Min.), a kind of serpentine from near Lizard Point, Cornwall, England, -- used for ornamental purposes. Lizard's tail Liz"ard's tail` (?). (Bot.) A perennial plant of the genus Saururus (S. cernuus), growing in marshes, and having white flowers crowded in a slender terminal spike, somewhat resembling in form a lizard's tail; whence the name. Gray. Llama Lla"ma, n. [Peruv.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American ruminant (Auchenia llama), allied to the camels, but much smaller and without a hump. It is supposed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco. It was formerly much used as a beast of burden in the Andes. Llandeilo group Llan*dei"lo group`. (Geol.) A series of strata in the lower Silurian formations of Great Britain; -- so named from Llandeilo in Southern Wales. See Chart of Geology. Llanero Lla*ne"ro (?), n. [Sp. Amer.] One of the inhabitants of the llanos of South America. Llano Lla"no (?), n.; pl. Llanos (#). [Sp., plain even, level. See Plain.] An extensive plain with or without vegetation. [Spanish America] Lloyd's Lloyd's (?), n. 1. An association of underwriters and others in London, for the collection and diffusion of marine intelligence, the insurance, classification, registration, and certifying of vessels, and the transaction of business of various kinds connected with shipping. 2. A part of the Royal Exchange, in London, appropriated to the use of underwriters and insurance brokers; -- called also Lloyd's Rooms. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is de rived fr om Lloyd's Coffee House, in Lombard Street, where there were formerly rooms for the same purpose. The name Lloyd or Lloyd's has been taken by several associations, in different parts of Europe, established for purposes similar to those of the original association. Lloyd's agents, persons employed in various parts of the world, by the association called Lloyd's, to serve its interests. -- Lloyd's list, a publication of the latest news respecting shipping matters, with lists of vessels, etc., made under the direction of Lloyd's. Brande & C. -- Lloyd's register, a register of vessels rated according to their quality, published yearly. Lo Lo (?), interj. [OE. lo, low; perh. akin to E. look, v.] Look; see; behold; observe. " Lo, here is Christ." Matt. xxiv. 23. " Lo, we turn to the Gentiles." Acts xiii. 46. Loach Loach (?), n. [OE. loche, F. loche.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several small, fresh-water, cyprinoid fishes of the genera Cobitis, Nemachilus, and allied genera, having six or more barbules around the mouth. They are found in Europe and Asia. The common European species (N. barbatulus) is used as a food fish. Load Load (?), n. [OE. lode load, way; properly the same word as lode, but confused with lade, load, v. See Lade, Lead, v., Lode.] 1. A burden; that which is laid on or put in anything for conveyance; that which is borne or sustained; a weight; as, a heavy load. He might such a load To town with his ass carry. Gower. 2. The quantity which can be carried or drawn in some specified way; the contents of a cart, barrow, or vessel; that which will constitute a cargo; lading. 3. That which burdens, oppresses, or grieves the mind or spirits; as, a load of care. " A . . . load of guilt." Ray. " Our life's a load." Dryden. 4. A particular measure for certain articles, being as much as may be carried at one time by the conveyance commonly used for the article measured; as, a load of wood; a load of hay; specifically, five quarters. 5. The charge of a firearm; as, a load of powder. 6. Weight or violence of blows. [Obs.] Milton. 7. (Mach.) The work done by a steam engine or other prime mover when working. Load line, OR Load water line (Naut.), the line on the outside of a vessel indicating the depth to which it sinks in the water when loaded. Syn. -- Burden; lading; weight; cargo. See Burden. Load Load, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Loading. Loaden is obsolete, and laden belongs to lade.] 1. To lay a load or burden on or in, as on a horse or in a cart; to charge with a load, as a gun; to furnish with a lading or cargo, as a ship; hence, to add weight to, so as to oppress or embarrass; to heap upon. I strive all in vain to load the cart. Gascoigne. I have loaden me with many spoils. Shak. Those honors deep and broad, wherewith Your majesty loads our house. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 863 2. To adulterate or drug; as, to load wine. [Cant] 3. To magnetize.[Obs.] Prior. Loaded dice, dice with one side made heavier than the others, so that the number on the opposite side will come up oftenest. Loader Load"er (?), n. One who, or that which, loads; a mechanical contrivance for loading, as a gun. Loading Load"ing, n. 1. The act of putting a load on or into. 2. A load; cargo; burden. Shak. Loadmanage, Lodemanage Load"man*age, Lode"man*age (?), n. Pilotage; skill of a pilot or loadsman. [Obs.] Chaucer. Loadsman, Lodesman Loads"man, Lodes"man (?), n. [Load, lode + man. See Lode.] A pilot. [Obs.] Chaucer. Loadstar, Lodestar Load"star`, Lode"star` (?), n. [Load, lode + star. See Lode.] A star that leads; a guiding star; esp., the polestar; the cynosure. Chaucer. " Your eyes are lodestars." Shak. The pilot can no loadstar see. Spenser. Loadstone, Lodestone Load"stone`, Lode"stone (?), n. [Load, lode + stone.] (Min.) A piece of magnetic iron ore possessing polarity like a magnetic needle. See Magnetite. Loaf Loaf (?), n.; pl. Loaves (#). [OE. lof, laf, AS. hl\'bef; akin to G. laib, OHG. hleip, Icel. hleifr, Goth. hlaifs, Russ. khlieb', Lith. kl\'89pas. Cf. Lady, Lammas, Lord.] Any thick lump, mass, or cake; especially, a large regularly shaped or molded mass, as of bread, sugar, or cake. Bacon. Loaf sugar, refined sugar that has been formed into a conical loaf in a mold. Loaf Loaf, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loafed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Loafing.] [G. laufen to run, Prov. G. loofen. See Leap.] To spend time in idleness; to lounge or loiter about. " Loafing vagabonds." W. Black. Loaf Loaf, v. t. To spend in idleness; -- with away; as, to loaf time away. Loafer Loaf"er (?), n. [G. l\'84ufer a runner, Prov. G. laufer, lofer, fr. laufen to run. See Leap.] One who loafs; a lazy lounger. Lowell. Loam Loam (?), n. [AS. l\'bem; akin to D. leem, G. lehm, and E. lime. See 4th Lime.] 1. A kind of soil; an earthy mixture of clay and sand, with organic matter to which its fertility is chiefly due. We wash a wall of loam; we labor in vain. Hooker. 2. (Founding) A mixture of sand, clay, and other materials, used in making molds for large castings, often without a pattern. Loam mold (Founding), a mold made with loam. See Loam, n., 2. -- Loam molding, the process or business of making loam molds. Loam plate, an iron plate upon which a section of a loam mold rests, or from which it is suspended. -- Loam work, loam molding or loam molds. Loam Loam, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Loaming.] To cover, smear, or fill with loam. Loamy Loam"y (?), a. Consisting of loam; partaking of the nature of loam; resembling loam. Bacon. Loan Loan (?), n. [See Lawn.] A loanin. [Scot.] Loan Loan, n. [OE. lone, lane, AS. l\'ben, l\'91n, fr. le\'a2n to lend; akin to D. leen loan, fief, G. lehen fief, Icel. l\'ben, G. leihen to lend, OHG. l\'c6han, Icel. lj\'c6, Goth. leihwan, L. linquere to leave, Gr. ric. Delinquent, Eclipse, Eleven, Ellipse, Lend, License, Relic.] 1. The act of lending; a lending; permission to use; as, the loan of a book, money, services. 2. That which one lends or borrows, esp. a sum of money lent at interest; as, he repaid the loan. Loan office. (a) An office at which loans are negotiated, or at which the accounts of loans are kept, and the interest paid to the lender. (b) A pawnbroker's shop. Loan Loan, n. t. [imp. & p. p. Loaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Loaning.] To lend; -- sometimes with out. Kent. By way of location or loaning them out. J. Langley (1644). Loanable Loan"a*ble (?), a. Such as can be lent; available for lending; as, loanable funds; -- used mostly in financial business and writings. Loanin, Loaning Loan"in (?), Loan"ing, n. [From Scotch loan, E. lawn.] An open space between cultivated fields through which cattle are driven, and where the cows are sometimes milked; also, a lane. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Loanmonger Loan"mon`ger (?), n. A dealer in, or negotiator of, loans. The millions of the loanmonger. Beaconsfield. Loath Loath (?), a. [OE. looth, loth, AS. l\'be hostile, odious; akin to OS. l, G. leid, Icel. lei, Sw. led, G. leiden to suffer, OHG. l\'c6dan to suffer, go, cf. AS. l\'c6 to go, Goth. leipan, and E. lead to guide.] 1. Hateful; odious; disliked. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Filled with disgust or aversion; averse; unwilling; reluctant; as, loath to part. Full loth were him to curse for his tithes. Chaucer . Why, then, though loath, yet must I be content. Shak. Loathe Loathe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loathed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Loathing.] [AS. l\'be to hate. See Loath.] 1. To feel extreme disgust at, or aversion for. Loathing the honeyed cakes, I Ionged for bread. Cowley. 2. To dislike greatly; to abhor; to hate. The secret which I loathe. Waller. She loathes the vital sir. Dryden. Syn. -- To hate; abhor; detest; abominate. See Hate. Loathe Loathe, v. i. To feel disgust or nausea. [Obs.] Loather Loath"er (?), n. One who loathes. Loathful Loath"ful (?), a. 1. Full of loathing; hating; abhorring. "Loathful eyes." Spenser. 2. Causing a feeling of loathing; disgusting. Above the reach of loathful, sinful lust. Spenser. Loathing Loath"ing, n. Extreme disgust; a feeling of aversion, nausea, abhorrence, or detestation. The mutual fear and loathing of the hostile races. Macaulay. Loathingly Loath"ing*ly, adv. With loathing. Loathliness Loath"li*ness (?), n. Loathsomeness. [Obs.] Loathly Loath"ly (?), a. [AS. l\'be.] Loathsome. [Obs.] " Loathly mouth." Spenser. Loathly Loath"ly (?), adv. 1. Unwillingly; reluctantly. This shows that you from nature loathly stray. Donne. 2. ( [Obs.] With dust and blood his locks were loathly dight. Fairfax. Loathness Loath"ness (?), n. Unwillingness; reluctance. A general silence and loathness to speak. Bacon. Loathsome Loath"some (?), a. Fitted to cause loathing; exciting disgust; disgusting. The most loathsome and deadly forms of infection. Macaulay. -- Loath"some*ly. adv. -- Loath"some*ness, n. Loathy Loath"y (?), a. Loathsome. [Obs.] Spenser. Loaves Loaves (?), n.; pl. of Loaf. Lob Lob (?), n. [W. llob an unwieldy lump, a dull fellow, a blockhead. Cf. Looby, Lubber.] 1. A dull, heavy person. " Country lobs." Gauden. 2. Something thick and heavy. Lob Lob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lobbing.] To let fall heavily or lazily. And their poor jades Lob down their heads. Shak. To lob a ball (Lawn Tennis), to strike a ball so as to send it up into the air. <-- to propel (relatively slowly) in a high arcing trajectory --> Lob Lob, v. t. (Mining) See Cob, v. t. Lob Lob, n. [Dan. lubbe.] (Zo\'94l.) The European pollock. Lobar Lo"bar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a lobe; characterized by, or like, a lobe or lobes. Lobate, Lobated Lo"bate (?), Lo"ba*ted (?), a. [See Lobe.] 1. (Bot.) Consisting of, or having, lobes; lobed; as, a lobate leaf. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having lobes; -- said of the tails of certain fishes having the integument continued to the bases of the fin rays. (b) Furnished with membranous flaps, as the toes of a coot. See Illust. (m) under Aves. Lobately Lo"bate*ly (?), adv. As a lobe; so as to make a lobe; in a lobate manner. Lobbish Lob"bish (?), a. Like a lob; consisting of lobs. Sir. P. Sidney. Lobby Lob"by (?), n.; pl. Lobbies (#). [LL. lobium, lobia, laubia, a covered portico fit for walking, fr. OHG.louba, G. laube, arbor. See Lodge.] 1. (Arch.) A passage or hall of communication, especially when large enough to serve also as a waiting room. It differs from an antechamber in that a lobby communicates between several rooms, an antechamber to one only; but this distinction is not carefully preserved. 2. That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the official use of the assembly; hence, the persons, collectively, who frequent such a place to transact business with the legislators; any persons, not members of a legislative body, who strive to influence its proceedings by personal agency<-- = lobbyist -->. [U.S.] 3. (Naut.) An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck. 4. (Agric.) A confined place for cattle, formed by hedges. trees, or other fencing, near the farmyard. Lobby member, a lobbyist. [Humorous cant, U. S.] Lobby Lob"by, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lobbied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lobbying.] To address or solicit members of a legislative body in the lobby or elsewhere, with the purpose to influence their votes.[U.S.] Bartlett. Lobby Lob"by, v. t. To urge the adoption or passage of by soliciting members of a legislative body; as, to lobby a bill. [U.S.] Lobbyist Lob"by*ist, n. A member of the lobby; a person who solicits members of a legislature for the purpose of influencing legislation. [U.S.] Lobcock Lob"cock` (?), n. A dull, sluggish person; a lubber; a lob. [Low] Lobe Lobe (?), n. [F. lobe, Gr. Any projection or division, especially one of a somewhat rounded form; as: (a) (Bot.) A rounded projection or division of a leaf. Gray. (b)(Zo\'94l.) A membranous flap on the sides of the toes of certain birds, as the coot. (c) (Anat.) A round projecting part of an organ, as of the liver, lungs, brain, etc. See Illust. of Brain. (b) (Mach.) The projecting part of a cam wheel or of a non-circular gear wheel. Lobe of the ear, the soft, fleshy prominence in which the human ear terminates below. See. Illust. of Ear.<-- = earlobe --> Lobed Lobed (?), a. Having lobes; lobate. Lobefoot Lobe"foot` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird having lobate toes; esp., a phalarope. Lobe-footed Lobe"-foot`ed, a. (Zo\'94l.) Lobiped. Lobelet Lobe"let (?), n. (Bot.) A small lobe; a lobule. Lobelia Lo*be"li*a (?; 106), n. [NL. So called from Lobel, botanist to King James I.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including a great number of species. Lobelia inflata, or Indian tobacco, is an annual plant of North America, whose leaves contain a poisonous white viscid juice, of an acrid taste. It has often been used in medicine as an emetic, expectorant, etc. L. cardinalis is the cardinal flower, remarkable for the deep and vivid red color of its flowers. Lobeliaceous Lo*be`li*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants of which the genus Lobelia is the type. Lobelin Lo*be"lin (?), n. (Med.) A yellowish green resin from Lobelia, used as an emetic and diaphoretic. Lobeline Lo*be"line (?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous narcotic alkaloid extracted from the leaves of Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata) as a yellow oil, having a tobaccolike taste and odor. Lobiped Lo"bi*ped, a. [Lobe + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zo\'94l.) Having lobate toes, as a coot. Loblolly Lob"lol`ly (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] Gruel; porridge; -- so called among seamen. Loblolly bay (Bot.), an elegant white-flowered evergreen shrub or small tree, of the genus Gordonia (G. Lasianthus), growing in the maritime parts of the Southern United States. Its bark is sometimes used in tanning. Also, a similar West Indian tree (Laplacea h\'91matoxylon). -- Loblolly boy, a surgeon's attendant on shipboard. Smollett. -- Loblolly pine (Bot.), a kind of pitch pine found from Delaware southward along the coast; old field pine (Pinus T\'91da). Also, P. Bahamensis, of the West Indies. -- Loblolly tree (Bot.), a name of several West Indian trees, having more or less leathery foliage, but alike in no other respect; as Pisonia subcordata, Cordia alba, and Cupania glabra. Lobosa Lo*bo"sa (?), n. pl. [NL. See Lobe.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Rhizopoda, in which the pseudopodia are thick and irregular in form, as in the Am\'d2ba. Lobscouse Lob"scouse` (?), n. [Written also lobscourse from which lobscouse is corrupted.] [Lob + course.] (Naut.) A combination of meat with vegetables, bread, etc., usually stewed, sometimes baked; an olio. Lobsided Lob"sid`ed (?), a. See Lopsided. Lobspound Lobs"pound` (?), n. [Lob + pound a prison.] A prison. [Obs.] Hudibras. Lobster Lob"ster (?), n. [AS. loppestre, lopystre prob., corrupted fr. L. locusta a marine shellfish, a kind of lobster, a locust. Cf. Locust.] (Zo\'94l.) Any large macrurous crustacean used as food, esp. those of the genus Homarus; as the American lobster (H. Americanus), and the European lobster (H. vulgaris). The Norwegian lobster (Nephrops Norvegicus) is similar in form. All these have a pair of large unequal claws. The spiny lobsters of more southern waters, belonging to Palinurus, Panulirus, and allied genera, have no large claws. The fresh-water crayfishes are sometimes called lobsters. Lobster caterpillar (Zo\'94l.), the caterpillar of a European bombycid moth (Stauropus fagi); -- so called from its form. Lobster louse (Zo\'94l.), a copepod crustacean (Nicotho\'89 astaci) parasitic on the gills of the European lobster. Lobular Lob"u*lar, a. [Cf. F. lobulaire.] Like a lobule; pertaining to a lobule or lobules. Lobulate, Lobulated Lob"u*late (?), Lob"u*la`ted (?), a. Made up of, or divided into, lobules; as, a lobulated gland. Lobule Lob"ule, n. [Cf. F. lobule, dim. of lobe. See Lobe.] A small lobe; a subdivision of a lobe. Lobule of the ear. (Anat.) Same as Lobe of the ear. Lobulette Lob`u*lette" (?), n. [Dim. of lobule.] (Anat.) A little lobule, or subdivision of a lobule. Lobworm Lob"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lugworm. Local Lo"cal (?), a. [L. localis, fr. locus place: cf. F. local. See Lieu, Locus.] Of or pertaining to a particular place, or to a definite region or portion of space; restricted to one place or region; as, a local custom. Gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Shak. Local actions (Law), actions such as must be brought in a particular county, where the cause arises; -- distinguished from transitory actions. -- Local affection (Med.), a disease or ailment confined to a particular part or organ, and not directly affecting the system. -- Local attraction (Magnetism), an attraction near a compass, causing its needle to deviate from its proper direction, especially on shipboard. -- Local battery (Teleg.), the battery which actuates the recording instruments of a telegraphic station, as distinguished from the battery furnishing a current for the line. -- Local circuit (Teleg.), the circuit of the local battery. -- Local color. (a) (Paint.) The color which belongs to an object, and is not caused by accidental influences, as of reflection, shadow, etc. (b) (Literature) Peculiarities of the place and its inhabitants where the scene of an action or story is laid. -- Local option, the right or obligation of determining by popular vote within certain districts, as in each county, city, or town, whether the sale of alcoholic beverages within the district shall be allowed. Local Lo"cal, n. 1. (Railroad) A train which receives and deposits passengers or freight along the line of the road; a train for the accommodation of a certain district. [U.S.] <-- a train or bus which stops at all stations along a line, as contrasted with an express, which stops only at certain stations designated as express stops --> 2. On newspaper cant, an item of news relating to the place where the paper is published. [U.S.] Locale Lo`cale" (?), n. [F. local.] 1. A place, spot, or location. 2. A principle, practice, form of speech, or other thing of local use, or limited to a locality. Localism Lo"cal*ism (?), n. 1. The state or quality of being local; affection for a particular place. 2. A method of speaking or acting peculiar to a certain district; a local idiom or phrase. Locality Lo*cal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Localitiees (. [L. localitas: cf. F. localit\'82.] 1. The state, or condition, of belonging to a definite place, or of being contained within definite limits. It is thought that the soul and angels are devoid of quantity and dimension, and that they have nothing to do with grosser locality. Glanvill. _________________________________________________________________ Page 864 2. Position; situation; a place; a spot; esp., a geographical place or situation, as of a mineral or plant. 3. Limitation to a county, district, or place; as, locality of trial. Blackstone. 4. (Phren.) The perceptive faculty concerned with the ability to remember the relative positions of places. Localization Lo`cal*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. localisation.] Act of localizing, or state of being localized. Cerebral localization (Physiol.), the localization of the control of special functions, as of sight or of the various movements of the body, in special regions of the brain. Localize Lo"cal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Localized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Localizing (?).] [Cf. F. localiser. See Local.] To make local; to fix in, or assign to, a definite place. H. Spencer. Wordsworth. Locally Lo"cal*ly, adv. With respect to place; in place; as, to be locally separated or distant. Locate Lo"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Located (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Locating.] [L. locatus, p. p. of locare to place, fr. locus place. See Local.] 1. To place; to set in a particular spot or position. The captives and emigrants whom he brought with him were located in the trans-Tiberine quarter. B. F. Westcott. 2. To designate the site or place of; to define the limits of; as, to locate a public building; to locate a mining claim; to locate (the land granted by) a land warrant. That part of the body in which the sense of touch is located. H. Spencer. Locate Lo"cate, v. i. To place one's self; to take up one's residence; to settle. [Colloq.] Location Lo*ca"tion (?), n. [L. locatio, fr. locare.] 1. The act or process of locating. 2. Situation; place; locality. Locke. 3. That which is located; a tract of land designated in place. [U.S.] 4. (Law) (a) (Civil Law) A leasing on rent. (b) (Scots Law) A contract for the use of a thing, or service of a person, for hire. Wharton. (c) (Amer. Law) The marking out of the boundaries, or identifying the place or site of, a piece of land, according to the description given in an entry, plan, map, etc. Burrill. Bouvier. Locative Loc"a*tive (?), a. (Gram.) Indicating place, or the place where, or wherein; as, a locative adjective; locative case of a noun. -- n. The locative case. Locator Lo"ca*tor (?), n. One who locates, or is entitled to locate, land or a mining claim. [U.S.] Locellate Lo*cel"late (?), a. [L. locellus a compartment, dim. of locus a place.] (Bot.) Divided into secondary compartments or cells, as where one cavity is separated into several smaller ones. Loch Loch (?), n. [Gael. & Olr. loch. See Lake of water.] A lake; a bay or arm of the sea. [Scot.] Loch Loch (?), n. [F. looch, Ar. la', an electuary, or any medicine which may be licked or sucked, fr. la' to lick.] (Med.) A kind of medicine to be taken by licking with the tongue; a lambative; a lincture. Lochaber ax, Lochaber axe Loch*a"ber ax", Loch*a"ber axe" (?). [So called from Lochaber, in Scotland.] A weapon of war, consisting of a pole armed with an axhead at its end, formerly used by the Scotch Highlanders. Lochage Loch"age (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An officer who commanded a company; a captain. Mitford. Lochan Loch"an (?), n. [Gael. See 1st Loch.] A small lake; a pond. [Scot.] A pond or lochan rather than a lake. H. Miller. Loche Loche (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Loach. Lochia Lo*chi"a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) The discharge from the womb and vagina which follows childbirth. Lochial Lo"chi*al (?), a. [Cf. F. lochial.] Of or pertaining to the lochia. Lock Lock (?), n. [AS. locc; akin to D. lok, G. locke, OHG. loc, Icel. lokkr, and perh. to Gr. A tuft of hair; a flock or small quantity of wool, hay, or other like substance; a tress or ringlet of hair. These gray locks, the pursuivants of death. Shak. Lock Lock, n. [AS. loc inclosure, an inclosed place, the fastening of a door, fr. l&umac;can to lock, fasten; akin to OS. l&umac;kan (in comp.), D. luiken, OHG. l&umac;hhan, Icel. l, Goth. l&umac;kan (in comp.); cf. Skr. ruj to break. Cf. Locket.] 1. Anything that fastens; specifically, a fastening, as for a door, a lid, a trunk, a drawer, and the like, in which a bolt is moved by a key so as to hold or to release the thing fastened. 2. A fastening together or interlacing; a closing of one thing upon another; a state of being fixed or immovable. Albemarle Street closed by a lock of carriages. De Quincey. 3. A place from which egress is prevented, as by a lock. Dryden. 4. The barrier or works which confine the water of a stream or canal. 5. An inclosure in a canal with gates at each end, used in raising or lowering boats as they pass from one level to another; -- called also lift lock. 6. That part or apparatus of a firearm by which the charge is exploded; as, a matchlock, flintlock, percussion lock, etc. 7. A device for keeping a wheel from turning. 8. A grapple in wrestling. Milton. Detector lock, a lock containing a contrivance for showing whether it as has been tampered with. -- Lock bay (Canals), the body of water in a lock chamber. -- Lock chamber, the inclosed space between the gates of a canal lock. -- Lock nut. See Check nut, under Check. -- Lock plate, a plate to which the mechanism of a gunlock is attached. -- Lock rail (Arch.), in ordinary paneled doors, the rail nearest the lock. Lock rand (Masonry), a range of bond stone. Knight. -- Mortise lock, a door lock inserted in a mortise. -- Rim lock, a lock fastened to the face of a door, thus differing from a mortise lock. Lock Lock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Locked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Locking.] 1. To fasten with a lock, or as with a lock; to make fast; to prevent free movement of; as, to lock a door, a carriage wheel, a river, etc. 2. To prevent ingress or access to, or exit from, by fastening the lock or locks of; -- often with up; as, to lock or lock up, a house, jail, room, trunk. etc. 3. To fasten in or out, or to make secure by means of, or as with, locks; to confine, or to shut in or out -- often with up; as, to lock one's self in a room; to lock up the prisoners; to lock up one's silver; to lock intruders out of the house; to lock money into a vault; to lock a child in one's arms; to lock a secret in one's breast. 4. To link together; to clasp closely; as, to lock arms. " Lock hand in hand." Shak. 5. (Canals) To furnish with locks; also, to raise or lower (a boat) in a lock. 6. (Fencing) To seize, as the sword arm of an antagonist, by turning the left arm around it, to disarm him. Lock Lock (?), v. i. To become fast, as by means of a lock or by interlacing; as, the door locks close. When it locked none might through it pass. Spenser. To lock into, to fit or slide into; as, they lock into each other. Boyle. Lockage Lock"age (?), n. 1. Materials for locks in a canal, or the works forming a lock or locks. 2. Toll paid for passing the locks of a canal. 3. Amount of elevation and descent made by the locks of a canal. The entire lock will be about fifty feet. De Witt Clinton. Lock-down Lock"-down` (?), n. A contrivance to fasten logs together in rafting; -- used by lumbermen. [U.S.] Locked-jaw Locked"-jaw` (?), n. See Lockjaw. Locken Lock"en (?), obs. p. p. of Lock. Chaucer. Locken Lock"en, n. (Bot.) The globeflower (Trollius). Locker Lock"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, locks. 2. A drawer, cupboard, compartment, or chest, esp. one in a ship, that may be closed with a lock. Chain locker (Naut.), a compartment in the hold of a vessel, for holding the chain cables. -- Davy Jones's locker, OR Davy's locker. See Davy Jones. -- Shot locker, a compartment where shot are deposited. Totten. Locket Lock"et (?), n. [F. loquet latch, dim. of OF. loc latch, lock; of German origin. See Lock a fastening.] 1. A small lock; a catch or spring to fasten a necklace or other ornament. 2. A little case for holding a miniature or lock of hair, usually suspended from a necklace or watch chain. Lock hospital Lock" hos"pi*tal (?). A hospital for the treatment of venereal diseases. [Eng.] Lockjaw Lock"jaw` (?), n. (Med.) A contraction of the muscles of the jaw by which its motion is suspended; a variety of tetanus. Lockless Lock"less, a. Destitute of a lock. Lockman Lock"man (?), n. A public executioner. [Scot.] Lockout Lock"out` (?), n. The closing of a factory or workshop by an employer, usually in order to bring the workmen to satisfactory terms by a suspension of wages. Lockram Lock"ram (?), n. [F. locrenan, locronan; from Locronan, in Brittany, where it is said to have been made.] A kind of linen cloth anciently used in England, originally imported from Brittany. Shak. Locksmith Lock"smith` (?), n. An artificer whose occupation is to make or mend locks. Lock step Lock" step` (?). A mode of marching by a body of men going one after another as closely as possible, in which the leg of each moves at the same time with the corresponding leg of the person before him. Lock stitch Lock" stitch` (?). A peculiar sort of stitch formed by the locking of two threads together, as in the work done by some sewing machines. See Stitch. Lockup Lock"up` (?), n. A place where persons under arrest are temporarily locked up; a watchhouse. Lock-weir Lock"-weir` (?), n. A waste weir for a canal, discharging into a lock chamber. Locky Lock"y (?), a. Having locks or tufts. [R.] Sherwood. Loco Lo"co (?), adv. [It.] (Mus.) A direction in written or printed music to return to the proper pitch after having played an octave higher. Loco Lo"co, n. [Sp. loco insane.] (Bot.) A plant (Astragalus Hornii) growing in the Southwestern United States, which is said to poison horses and cattle, first making them insane. The name is also given vaguely to several other species of the same genus. Called also loco weed. Locofoco Lo`co*fo"co (?), n. [Of uncertain etymol.; perh. for L. loco foci instead of fire; or, according to Bartlett, it was called so from a self-lighting cigar, with a match composition at the end, invented in 1834 by John Marck of New York, and called by him locofoco cigar, in imitation of the word locomotive, which by the uneducated was supposed to mean, self-moving.] 1. A friction match. [U.S.] 2. A nickname formerly given to a member of the Democratic party. [U.S.] NOTE: &hand; Th e na me was first applied, in 1834, to a portion of the Democratic party, because, at a meeting in Tammany Hall, New York, in which there was great diversity of sentiment, the chairman left his seat, and the lights were extinguished, for the purpose of dissolving the meeting; when those who were opposed to an adjournment produced locofoco matches, rekindled the lights, continued the meeting, and accomplished their object. Locomotion Lo`co*mo"tion (?), n. [L. locus place + motio motion: cf. F. locomotion. See Local, and Motion.] 1. The act of moving from place to place. " Animal locomotion." Milton. 2. The power of moving from place to place, characteristic of the higher animals and some of the lower forms of plant life. <-- 3. the name of a song and a dance, briefly popular in the 1960's --> Locomotive Lo"co*mo`tive (?), a. [Cf. F. locomotif. See Locomotion.] 1. Moving from place to place; changing place, or able to change place; as, a locomotive animal. 2. Used in producing motion; as, the locomotive organs of an animal. Locomotive Lo"co*mo`tive (?), n. A locomotive engine; a self-propelling wheel carriage, especially one which bears a steam boiler and one or more steam engines which communicate motion to the wheels and thus propel the carriage, -- used to convey goods or passengers, or to draw wagons, railroad cars, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Consolidation locomotive, a locomotive having four pairs of connected drivers. -- Locomotive car, a locomotive and a car combined in one vehicle; a dummy engine. [U.S.] -- Locomotive engine. Same as Locomotive, above. -- Mogul locomotive. See Mogul. Locomotiveness, Locomotivity Lo"co*mo`tive*ness (?), Lo`co*mo*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. locomotivit\'82.] The power of changing place. Locomotor Lo`co*mo"tor (?), a. [See Locomotion.] Of or pertaining to movement or locomotion. Locomotor ataxia, OR Progressive locomotor ataxy (Med.), a disease of the spinal cord characterized by peculiar disturbances of gait, and difficulty in co\'94rdinating voluntary movements. Loculament Loc"u*la*ment (?), n. [L. loculamentum case, box, fr. loculus a compartment, dim. of locus place.] (Bot.) The cell of a pericarp in which the seed is lodged. Locular Loc"u*lar (?), a. [L. locularis.] (Bot.) Of or relating to the cell or compartment of an ovary, etc.; in composition, having cells; as trilocular. Gray. Loculate Loc"u*late (?), a. [L. loculatus.] (Bot.) Divided into compartments. Locule Loc"ule (?), n. [Cf. F. locule. See Loculus.] (Zo\'94l.) A little hollow; a loculus. Loculicidal Loc"u*li*ci`dal (?), a. [L. loculus cell + caedere to cut: cf. F. loculicide.] (Bot.) Dehiscent through the middle of the back of each cell; -- said of capsules. Loculose, Loculous Loc"u*lose` (?), Loc"u*lous (?), a. [L. loculosus. See Loculament.] (Bot.) Divided by internal partitions into cells, as the pith of the pokeweed. Loculus Loc"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Loculi (#). [L., little place, a compartment.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) One of the spaces between the septa in the Anthozoa. 2. (Bot.) One of the compartments of a several-celled ovary; loculament. Locum tenens Lo"cum te"nens (?). [L., holding the place; locus place + tenens, p. pr. of tenere to hold. Cf. Lieutenant.] A substitute or deputy; one filling an office for a time. Locus Lo"cus (?), n.; pl. Loci (#), & Loca (#). [L., place. Cf. Allow, Couch, Lieu, Local.] 1. A place; a locality. 2. (Math.) The line traced by a point which varies its position according to some determinate law; the surface described by a point or line that moves according to a given law. Plane locus, a locus that is a straight line, or a circle. -- Solid locus, a locus that is one of the conic sections. Locust Lo"cust (?), n. [L. locusta locust, grasshopper. Cf. Lobster.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of long-winged, migratory, orthopterous insects, of the family Acridid\'91, allied to the grasshoppers; esp., (Edipoda, OR Pachytylus, migratoria, and Acridium perigrinum, of Southern Europe, Asia, and Africa. In the United States the related species with similar habits are usually called grasshoppers. See Grasshopper. NOTE: &hand; Th ese in sects are at times so numerous in Africa and the south of Asia as to devour every green thing; and when they migrate, they fly in an immense cloud. In the United States the harvest flies are improperly called locusts. See Cicada. Locust beetle (Zo\'94l.), a longicorn beetle (Cyllene robini\'91), which, in the larval state, bores holes in the wood of the locust tree. Its color is brownish black, barred with yellow. Called also locust borer. -- Locust bird (Zo\'94l.) the rose-colored starling or pastor of India. See Pastor. -- Locust hunter (Zo\'94l.), an African bird; the beefeater. 2. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) The locust tree. See Locust Tree (definition, note, and phrases). Locust bean (Bot.), a commercial name for the sweet pod of the carob tree. Locusta Lo*cus"ta (?), n. [NL.: cf. locuste.] (Bot.) The spikelet or flower cluster of grasses. Gray. Locustella Lo`cus*tel"la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. locusta a locust.] (Zo\'94l.) The European cricket warbler. Locustic Lo*cus"tic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the locust; -- formerly used to designate a supposed acid. Locusting Lo"cust*ing (?), p. a. Swarming and devastating like locusts. [R.] Tennyson. Locust tree Lo"cust tree` (?). [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A large North American tree of the genus Robinia (R. Pseudacacia), producing large slender racemes of white, fragrant, papilionaceous flowers, and often cultivated as an ornamental tree. In England it is called acacia. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is also applied to other trees of different genera, especially to those of the genus Hymen\'91a, of which H. Courbaril is a lofty, spreading tree of South America; also to the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), a tree growing in the Mediterranean region. Honey locust tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Gleditschia ) G. triacanthus), having pinnate leaves and strong branching thorns; -- so called from a sweet pulp found between the seeds in the pods. Called also simply honey locust. -- Water locust tree (Bot.), a small swamp tree (Gleditschia monosperma), of the Southern United States. _________________________________________________________________ Page 865 Locution Lo*cu"tion, n. [L. locutio, fr. loqui to speak: cf. F. locution. ] Speech or discourse; a phrase; a form or mode of expression. " Stumbling locutions." G. Eliot. I hate these figures in locution, These about phrases forced by ceremony. Marston. Locutory Loc"u*to*ry (?), n. A room for conversation; especially, a room in monasteries, where the monks were allowed to converse. Lodde Lod"de (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The capelin. Lode Lode (?), n. [AS. l\'bed way, journey, fr. l\'c6\'eban to go. See Lead to guide, and cf. Load a burden.] 1. A water course or way; a reach of water. Down that long, dark lode . . . he and his brother skated home in triumph. C. Kingsley. 2. (Mining) A metallic vein; any regular vein or course, whether metallic or not. Lodemanage Lode"man*age (?), n. [OE. lodemenage. Chaucer.] Pilotage. [Obs.] Lodeship Lode"*ship` (?), n. An old name for a pilot boat. Lodesman Lodes"man (?), n. Same as Loadsman. [Obs.] Lodestar Lode"star` (?), n. Same as Loadstar. Lodestone Lode"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Same as Loadstone. Lodge Lodge (?), n. [OE. loge, logge, F. loge, LL. laubia porch, gallery, fr. OHG. louba, G. laube, arbor, bower, fr. lab foliage. See Leaf, and cf. Lobby, Loggia.] 1. A shelter in which one may rest; as: (a) A shed; a rude cabin; a hut; as, an Indian's lodge. Chaucer. Their lodges and their tentis up they gan bigge [to build]. Robert of Brunne. O for a lodge in some vast wilderness! Cowper. (b) A small dwelling house, as for a gamekeeper or gatekeeper of an estate. Shak. (c) A den or cave. (d) The meeting room of an association; hence, the regularly constituted body of members which meets there; as, a masonic lodge. (c) The chamber of an abbot, prior, or head of a college. 2. (Mining) The space at the mouth of a level next the shaft, widened to permit wagons to pass, or ore to be deposited for hoisting; -- called also platt. Raymond. 3. A collection of objects lodged together. The Maldives, a famous lodge of islands. De Foe. 4. A family of North American Indians, or the persons who usually occupy an Indian lodge, -- as a unit of enumeration, reckoned from four to six persons; as, the tribe consists of about two hundred lodges, that is, of about a thousand individuals. Lodge gate, a park gate, or entrance gate, near the lodge. See Lodge, n., 1 (b). Lodge Lodge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lodged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lodging (?).] 1. To rest or remain a lodge house, or other shelter; to rest; to stay; to abide; esp., to sleep at night; as, to lodge in York Street. Chaucer. Stay and lodge by me this night. Shak. Something holy lodges in that breast. Milton . 2. To fall or lie down, as grass or grain, when overgrown or beaten down by the wind. Mortimer. 3. To come to a rest; to stop and remain; as, the bullet lodged in the bark of a tree. Lodge Lodge, v. t. [OE. loggen, OF. logier, F. loger. See Lodge, n. ] 1. To give shelter or rest to; especially, to furnish a sleeping place for; to harbor; to shelter; hence, to receive; to hold. Every house was proud to lodge a knight. Dryden. The memory can lodge a greater stone of images that all the senses can present at one time. Cheyne. 2. To drive to shelter; to track to covert. The deer is lodged; I have tracked her to her covert. Addison. 3. To deposit for keeping or preservation; as, the men lodged their arms in the arsenal. 4. To cause to stop or rest in; to implant. He lodged an arrow in a tender breast. Addison. 5. To lay down; to prostrate. Though bladed corn be lodged, and trees blown down. Shak. To lodge an information, to enter a formal complaint. Lodgeable Lodge"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. logeable.] 1. That may be or can be lodged; as, so many persons are not lodgeable in this village. 2. Capable of affording lodging; fit for lodging in. [R.] " The lodgeable area of the earth." Jeffrey. Lodged Lodged (?), a. (Her.) Lying down; -- used of beasts of the chase, as couchant is of beasts of prey. Lodgement Lodge"ment (?), n. See Lodgment. Lodger Lodg"er (?), n. One who, or that which, lodges; one who occupies a hired room in another's house. Lodging Lodg"ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, lodges. 2. A place of rest, or of temporary habitation; esp., a sleeping apartment; -- often in the plural with a singular meaning. Gower. Wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow. Pope. 3. Abiding place; harbor; cover. Fair bosom . . . the lodging of delight. Spenser. Lodging house, a house where lodgings are provided and let. -- Lodging room, a room in which a person lodges, esp. a hired room. Lodgment Lodg"ment (?), n. [Written also lodgement.] [Cf. F. logement. See Lodge, v.] 1. The act of lodging, or the state of being lodged. Any particle which is of size enough to make a lodgment afterwards in the small arteries. Paley. 2. A lodging place; a room. [Obs.] 3. An accumulation or collection of something deposited in a place or remaining at rest. 4. (Mil.) The occupation and holding of a position, as by a besieging party; an instrument thrown up in a captured position; as, to effect a lodgment. Lodicule Lod"i*cule (?), n. [L. lodicula. dim, of lodix, lodicis, a coverlet: cf. F. lodicule.] (Bot.) One of the two or three delicate membranous scales which are next to the stamens in grasses. Loellingite Loel"ling*ite (?), n. [So called from L\'94lling, in Austria.] (Min.) A tin-white arsenide of iron, isomorphous with arsenopyrite. Loess Loess (?), n. [G. l\'94ss.] (Geol.) A quaternary deposit, usually consisting of a fine yellowish earth, on the banks of the Rhine and other large rivers. Loeven's larva Loev"en's lar"va (?). [Named after the Swedish zo\'94logist, S. F. L\'94ven, who discovered it.] (Zo\'94l.) The peculiar larva of Polygordius. See Polygordius. Loffe Loffe (?), v. i. To laugh. [Obs.] Shak. Loft Loft (?), n. [Icel. lopt air, heaven, loft, upper room; akin to AS. lyft air, G. luft, Dan. loft loft, Goth. luftus air. Cf. Lift, v. & n. ] That which is lifted up; an elevation. Hence, especially: (a) The room or space under a roof and above the ceiling of the uppermost story. (b) A gallery or raised apartment in a church, hall, etc.; as, an organ loft. (c) A floor or room placed above another; a story. Eutychus . . . fell down from the third loft. Acts xx. 9. On loft, aloft; on high. Cf. Onloft. [Obs.] Chaucer. Loft Loft, a. Lofty; proud. [R. & Obs.] Surrey. Loftily Loft"i*ly (?), adv. [From Lofty.] In a lofty manner or position; haughtily. Loftiness Loft"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being lofty. Lofty Loft"y (?), a. [Compar. Loftier (?); superl. Loftiest.] [From Loft.] 1. Lifted high up; having great height; towering; high. See lofty Lebanon his head advance. Pope. 2. Fig.: Elevated in character, rank, dignity, spirit, bearing, language, etc.; exalted; noble; stately; characterized by pride; haughty. The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15. Lofty and sour to them that loved him not. Shak. Himself to sing, and build the lofty rhyme. Milton. Syn. -- Tall; high; exalted; dignified; stately; majestic; sublime; proud; haughty. See Tall. Log Log (?), n. [Heb. l&omac;g.] A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing 2.37 gills. W. H. Ward. Log Log (?), n. [Icel. l\'beg a felled tree, log; akin to E. lie. See Lie to lie prostrate.] 1. A bulky piece of wood which has not been shaped by hewing or sawing. 2. [Prob. the same word as in sense 1; cf. LG. log, lock, Dan. log, Sw. logg.] (Naut.) An apparatus for measuring the rate of a ship's motion through the water. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon log consists of the log-chip, or logship, often exclusively called the log, and the log line, the former being commonly a thin wooden quadrant of five or six inches radius, loaded with lead on the arc to make it float with the point up. It is attached to the log line by cords from each corner. This line is divided into equal spaces, called knots, each bearing the same proportion to a mile that half a minute does to an hour. The line is wound on a reel which is so held as to let it run off freely. When the log is thrown, the log-chip is kept by the water from being drawn forward, and the speed of the ship is shown by the number of knots run out in half a minute. There are improved logs, consisting of a piece of mechanism which, being towed astern, shows the distance actually gone through by the ship, by means of the revolutions of a fly, which are registered on a dial plate. 3. Hence: The record of the rate of ship's speed or of her daily progress; also, the full nautical record of a ship's cruise or voyage; a log slate; a log book. 4. A record and tabulated statement of the work done by an engine, as of a steamship, of the coal consumed, and of other items relating to the performance of machinery during a given time. 5. (Mining) A weight or block near the free end of a hoisting rope to prevent it from being drawn through the sheave. Log board (Naut.), a board consisting of two parts shutting together like a book, with columns in which are entered the direction of the wind, course of the ship, etc., during each hour of the day and night. These entries are transferred to the log book. A folding slate is now used instead. -- Log book, OR Logbook (Naut.), a book in which is entered the daily progress of a ship at sea, as indicated by the log, with notes on the weather and incidents of the voyage; the contents of the log board. Log cabin, Log house, a cabin or house made of logs. -- Log canoe, a canoe made by shaping and hollowing out a single log.<-- = dugout canoe --> -- Log glass (Naut.), a small sandglass used to time the running out of the log line. -- Log line (Naut.), a line or cord about a hundred and fifty fathoms long, fastened to the log-chip. See Note under 2d Log, n., 2. -- Log perch (Zo\'94l.), an ethiostomoid fish, or darter (Percina caprodes); -- called also hogfish and rockfish. -- Log reel (Naut.), the reel on which the log line is wound. -- Log slate. (Naut.) See Log board (above). -- Rough log (Naut.), a first draught of a record of the cruise or voyage. -- Smooth log (Naut.), a clean copy of the rough log. In the case of naval vessels this copy is forwarded to the proper officer of the government. -- To heave the log (Naut.), to cast the log-chip into the water; also, the whole process of ascertaining a vessel's speed by the log. Log Log, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Logged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Logging (?).] (Naut.), To enter in a ship's log book; as, to log the miles run. J. F. Cooper. Log Log, v. i. 1. To engage in the business of cutting or transporting logs for timber; to get out logs. [U.S.] 2. To move to and fro; to rock. [Obs.] Logan Log"an (?), n. A rocking or balanced stone. Gwill. Loga\'d2dic Log`a*\'d2d"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Gr. Pros.) Composed of dactyls and trochees so arranged as to produce a movement<-- ? ve illegible --> like that of ordinary speech. Logarithm Log"a*rithm (?), n. [Gr. logarithme.] (Math.) One of a class of auxiliary numbers, devised by John Napier, of Merchiston, Scotland (1550-1617), to abridge arithmetical calculations, by the use of addition and subtraction in place of multiplication and division. NOTE: The re lation of lo garithms to co mmon nu mbers is that of numbers in an arithmetical series to corresponding numbers in a geometrical series, so that sums and differences of the former indicate respectively products and quotients of the latter; thus 0 1 2 3 4 Indices or logarithms 1 10 100 1000 10,000 Numbers in geometrical progression Hence, the logarithm of any given number is the exponent of a power to which another given invariable number, called the base, must be raised in order to produce that given number. Thus, let 10 be the base, then 2 is the logarithm of 100, because 102 = 100, and 3 is the logarithm of 1,000, because 103 = 1,000. Arithmetical complement of a logarithm, the difference between a logarithm and the number ten. -- Binary logarithms. See under Binary. -- Common logarithms, OR Brigg's logarithms, logarithms of which the base is 10; -- so called from Henry Briggs, who invented them. -- Gauss's logarithms, tables of logarithms constructed for facilitating the operation of finding the logarithm of the sum of difference of two quantities from the logarithms of the quantities, one entry of those tables and two additions or subtractions answering the purpose of three entries of the common tables and one addition or subtraction. They were suggested by the celebrated German mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss (died in 1855), and are of great service in many astronomical computations. -- Hyperbolic, OR Napierian, logarithms<-- usually called 'natural logarithms' -->, those logarithms (devised by John Speidell, 1619) of which the base is 2.7182818; -- so called from Napier, the inventor of logarithms. -- Logistic OR Proportionallogarithms., See under Logistic. Logarithmetic, Logarithmetical Log`a*rith*met"ic (?), Log"a*rith*met"ic*al (?), a. See Logarithmic. Logarithmetically Log`a*rith*met"ic*al*ly, adv. Logarithmically. Logarithmic, Logarithmical Log`a*rith"mic (?), Log`a*rith"mic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. logarithmique.] Of or pertaining to logarithms; consisting of logarithms. Logarithmic curve (Math.), a curve which, referred to a system of rectangular co\'94rdinate axes, is such that the ordinate of any point will be the logarithm of its abscissa. -- Logarithmic spiral, a spiral curve such that radii drawn from its pole or eye at equal angles with each other are in continual proportion. See Spiral. Logarithmically Log`a*rith"mic*al*ly, adv. By the use of logarithms. Log-chip Log"-chip` (?), n. (Naut.) A thin, flat piece of board in the form of a quadrant of a circle attached to the log line; -- called also log-ship. See 2d Log, n., 2. Logcock Log"cock` (?), n. The pileated woodpecker. Loge Loge (?), n. [F. See Lodge.] A lodge; a habitation. [Obs.] Chaucer. Loggan Log"gan (?), n. See Logan. Loggat Log"gat (?), n. [Also written logget.] 1. A small log or piece of wood. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. pl. An old game in England, played by throwing pieces of wood at a stake set in the ground. [Obs.] Shak. Logge Logge (?), n. & v. See Lodge. [Obs.] Chaucer. Logged Logged (?), a. Made slow and heavy in movement; water-logged. Beaconsfield. Logger Log"ger (?), n. One engaged in logging. See Log, v. i. [U.S.] Lowell. Loggerhead Log"ger*head` (?), n. [Log + head.] 1. A blockhead; a dunce; a numskull. Shak. Milton. 2. A spherical mass of iron, with a long handle, used to heat tar. 3. (Naut.) An upright piece of round timber, in a whaleboat, over which a turn of the line is taken when it is running out too fast. Ham. Nav. Encyc. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A very large marine turtle (Thalassochelys caretta, OR caouana), common in the warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean, from Brazil to Cape Cod; -- called also logger-headed turtle. 5. (Zo\'94l.) An American shrike (Lanius Ludovicianus), similar to the butcher bird, but smaller. See Shrike. To be at loggerheads, To fall to loggerheads, OR To go to loggerheads, to quarrel; to be at strife. L' Estrange. Loggerheaded Log"ger*head`ed, a. Dull; stupid. Shak. A rabble of loggerheaded physicians. Urquhart. Loggerheads Log"ger*heads` (?), n. (Bot.) The knapweed. Loggia Log"gia (?), n. [It. See Lodge.] (Arch.) A roofed open gallery. It differs from a veranda in being more architectural, and in forming more decidedly a part of the main edifice to which it is attached; from a porch, in being intended not for entrance but for an out-of-door sitting-room. Logging Log"ging (?), n. The business of felling trees, cutting them into logs, and transporting the logs to sawmills or to market. Logic Log"ic (?), n. [OE. logike, F. logique, L. logica, logice, Gr. Legend.] 1. The science or art of exact reasoning, or of pure and formal thought, or of the laws according to which the processes of pure thinking should be conducted; the science of the formation and application of general notions; the science of generalization, judgment, classification, reasoning, and systematic arrangement; correct reasoning. _________________________________________________________________ Page 866 Logic is science of the laws of thought, as that is, of the necessary conditions to which thought, considered in itself, is subject. Sir W. Hamilton. NOTE: &hand; Lo gic is di stinguished as pure and applied. " Pure logic is a science of the form, or of the formal laws, of thinking, and not of the matter. Applied logic teaches the application of the forms of thinking to those objects about which men do think. " Abp. Thomson. 2. A treatise on logic; as, Mill's Logic. Logical Log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. logique, L. logicus, Gr. 1. Of or pertaining to logic; used in logic; as, logical subtilties. Bacon. 2. According to the rules of logic; as, a logical argument or inference; the reasoning is logical. Prior. 3. Skilled in logic; versed in the art of thinking and reasoning; as, he is a logical thinker. Addison. Logicality Log`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. Logicalness. Logically Log"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a logical manner; as, to argue logically. Logicalness Log"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being logical. Logician Lo*gi"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. logicien.] A person skilled in logic. Bacon. Each fierce logician still expelling Locke. Pope. Logics Log"ics (?), n. See Logic. Logistic, Logistical Lo*gis"tic (?), Lo*gis"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. logistique.] 1. Logical. [Obs.] Berkeley. 2. (Math.) Sexagesimal, or made on the scale of 60; as, logistic, or sexagesimal, arithmetic. Logistic, OR Proportional, logarithms, certain logarithmic numbers used to shorten the calculation of the fourth term of a proportion of which one of the terms is a given constant quantity, commonly one hour, while the other terms are expressed in minutes and seconds; -- not now used. Logistics Lo*gis"tics (?), n. 1. (Mil.) That branch of the military art which embraces the details of moving and supplying armies. The meaning of the word is by some writers extended to include strategy. H. L. Scott. 2. (Math.) A system of arithmetic, in which numbers are expressed in a scale of 60; logistic arithmetic. Logman Log"man (?), n.; pl. Logmen (. A man who carries logs. Shak. Logod\'91daly Log`o*d\'91d"a*ly (?), n. [Gr. Logos, and D\'91dal.] Verbal legerdemain; a playing with words. [R.] Coleridge. Logogram Log"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. -gram.] A word letter; a phonogram, that, for the sake of brevity, represents a word; as, |, i. e., t, for it. Cf. Grammalogue. Logographer Lo*gog"ra*pher (?), n. 1. A chronicler; one who writes history in a condensed manner with short simple sentences. 2. One skilled in logography. Logographic, Logographical Log`o*graph"ic (?), Log`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. logographique.] Of or pertaining to logography. Logography Lo*gog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. logographie.] 1. A method of printing in which whole words or syllables, cast as single types, are used. 2. A mode of reporting speeches without using shorthand, -- a number of reporters, each in succession, taking down three or four words. Brande & C. Logogriph Log"o*griph (?), n. [Gr. logogriphe.] A sort of riddle in which it is required to discover a chosen word from various combinations of its letters, or of some of its letters, which form other words; -- thus, to discover the chosen word chatter form cat, hat, rat, hate, rate, etc. B. Jonson. Logomachist Lo*gom"a*chist (?), n. [See Logomachy.] One who contends about words. Logomachy Lo*gom"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. logomachie.] 1. Contention in words merely, or a contention about words; a war of words. The discussion concerning the meaning of the word " justification" . . . has largely been a mere logomachy. L. Abbott. 2. A game of word making. Logometric Log`o*met"ric (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Serving to measure or ascertain chemical equivalents; stoichiometric. [R.] Logos Log"os (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 1. A word; reason; speech. H. Bushell. 2. The divine Word; Christ. Logothete Log"o*thete (?), [LL. logotheta, fr. Gr. An accountant; under Constantine, an officer of the empire; a receiver of revenue; an administrator of a department. Logotype Log"o*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] (Print.) A single type, containing two or more letters; as, \'91, \'92, fi, fl, ffl, etc. ; -- called also ligature. Logroll Log"roll` (?), v. i. & t. To engage in logrolling; to accomplish by logrolling. [Political cant, U. S.] Logroller Log"roll`er (?), n. One who engages in logrolling. [Political cant, U. S.] The jobbers and logrollers will all be against it. The. Nation. Logrolling Log"roll`ing, n. 1. (Logging) The act or process of rolling logs from the place where they were felled to the stream which floats them to the sawmill or to market. In this labor neighboring camps of loggers combine to assist each other in turn. Longfellow. [U.S.] 2. Hence: A combining to assist another in consideration of receiving assistance in return; -- sometimes used of a disreputable mode of accomplishing political schemes or ends. [Cant, U.S.]<-- "You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours." --> Log-ship Log"-ship (?), n. (Naut.) A part of the log. See Log-chip, and 2d Log, n., 2. Logwood Log"wood` (?) n. [So called from being imported in logs.] The heartwood of a tree (H\'91matoxylon Campechianum), a native of South America, It is a red, heavy wood, containing a crystalline substance called h\'91matoxylin, and is used largely in dyeing. An extract from this wood is used in medicine as an astringent. Also called Campeachy wood, and bloodwood. -logy -lo*gy (?). [Gr. Logic.] A combining form denoting a discourse, treatise, doctrine, theory, science; as, theology, geology, biology, mineralogy. Logy Lo"gy, a. [From D. log.] Heavy or dull in respect to motion or thought; as, a logy horse. [U.S.] Porcupines are . . . logy, sluggish creatures. C. H. Merriam. Lohock Lo"hock (?), n. (Med.) See Loch, a medicine. Loimic Loi"mic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the plague or contagious disorders. Loin Loin (?), n. [OE. loine, OF. logne, F. longe, from (assumed) LL. lumbea, L. lumbus join. Cf. Lends, Lumbar, Nombles.] That part of a human being or quadruped, which extends on either side of the spinal column between the hip bone and the false ribs. In human beings the loins are also called the reins. See Illust. of Beef. Loir Loir (?), n. [F., fr. L. glis, gliris.] (Zo\'94l.) A large European dormouse (Myoxus glis). Loiter Loi"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loitered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Loitering.] [D. leuteren to delay, loiter; cf; Prov. G. lottern to be louse, lotter louse, slack, unsettled, vagrant, OHG. lotar.] 1. To be slow in moving; to delay; to linger; to be dilatory; to spend time idly; to saunter; to lag behind. Sir John, you loiter here too long. Shak. If we have loitered, let us quicken our pace. Rogers. 2. To wander as an idle vagrant. [Obs.] Spenser. Syn. -- To linger; delay; lag; saunter; tarry. Loiterer Loi"ter*er (?), n. 1. One who loiters; an idler. 2. An idle vagrant; a tramp. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson. Loiteringly Loi"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a loitering manner. Lok, Loki Lok (?), Lo"ki (?), n. [Icel. Loki, perh. akin to lokka, locka to allure, entice.] (Scandinavian Myth.) The evil deity, the author of all calamities and mischief, answering to the African of the Persians. Locao Lo*ca"o (?), n. A green vegetable dye imported from China. Loke Loke (?), n. [See Lock a fastening.] A private path or road; also, the wicket or hatch of a door. [Prov. Eng.] Lokorys Lok"o*rys (?), n. Liquorice. [Obs.] Chaucer. Loligo Lo*li"go (?), n. [L., cuttle fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of cephalopods, including numerous species of squids, common on the coasts of America and Europe. They are much used for fish bait. Loll Loll (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lolling.] [Cf. Icel. lolla to act lazily, loll, lolla, laziness, OD. lollen to sit over the fire, and E. lull. Cf. Lill, Lull.] 1. To act lazily or indolently; to recline; to lean; to throw one's self down; to lie at ease. Void of care, he lolls supine in state. Dryden. 2. To hand extended from the mouth, as the tongue of an ox or a log when heated with labor or exertion. The triple porter of the Stygian seat, With lolling tongue, lay fawning at thy feet. Dryden . 3. To let the tongue hang from the mouth, as an ox, dog, or other animal, when heated by labor; as, the ox stood lolling in the furrow. Loll Loll, v. t. To let hang from the mouth, as the tongue. Fierce tigers couched around and lolled their fawning tongues. Dryden. Lollard Lol"lard (?), n. [LL. Lollardi, Lullardi, from Walter Lolhardus, a German; cf. LG. & D. lollen to mumble, to hum, sing in a murmuring strain; hence, OD. lollaerd a mumbler, i. e., of prayers or psalms, which was prob. the origin of the name. See Loll, Lull.] (Eccl. Hist.) (a) One of a sect of early reformers in Germany. (b) One of the followers of Wyclif in England. [Called also Loller.] By Lollards all know the Wyclifities are meant, so called from Walter Lollardus, one of their teachers in Germany. Fuller. Lollardism, Lollardy Lol"lard*ism (?), Lol"lard*y (?), n. The doctrines or principles of the Lollards. Loller Loll"er (?), n. [See Loll.] 1. One who lolls. 2. An idle vagabond. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 3. A Lollard. Lollingly Loll"ing*ly, adv. In a lolling manner. Buckle. Lollipop Lol"li*pop (?), n. [Perhaps fr. Prov. E. loll to soothe + pope a mixed liquor.] A kind of sugar confection which dissolves easily in the mouth. Thackeray. Lollop Lol"lop (?), v. i. [From Loll.] To move heavily; to lounge or idle; to loll. [Law.] Charles Reade. Loma Lo"ma (?), n.; pl. Lomata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A lobe; a membranous fringe or flap. Lomatinous Lo*mat"i*nous (?), a. [See Loma.] (Zo\'94l.) Furnished with lobes or flaps. Lombard Lom"bard (?), a. Of or pertaining to Lombardy, or the inhabitants of Lombardy. Lombard Lom"bard, n. [F. lombard, fr. the Longobardi or Langobardi, i. e., Longbeards, a people of Northern Germany, west of the Elbe, and afterward in Northern Italy. See Long, and Beard, and cf. Lumber.] 1. A native or inhabitant of Lombardy. 2. A money lender or banker; -- so called because the business of banking was first carried on in London by Lombards. 3. Same as Lombard-house. A Lombard unto this day signifying a bank for usury or pawns. Fuller. 4. (Mil.) A form of cannon formerly in use. Prescott. Lombard Street, the principal street in London for banks and the offices of note brokers; hence, the money market and interest of London. Lombardeer Lom`bard*eer" (?; 277), n. A pawnbroker. [Obs.] Howell. Lombard-house, Lombar-house Lom"bard-house (?), Lom"bar-house` (?),[F. or D. lombard. See Lombard, n.] 1. A bank or a pawnbroker's shop. 2. A public institution for lending money to the poor at a moderate interest, upon articles deposited and pledged; -- called also mont de pi\'82t\'82. Lombardic Lom*bar"dic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Lombardy of the Lombards. Lombardic alphabet, the ancient alphabet derived from the Roman, and employed in the manuscript of Italy. -- Lombardic architecture, the debased Roman style of architecture as found in parts of Northern Italy. F. G. Lee. Lombardy poplar. (Bot.) See Poplar. Loment Lo"ment (?), n. [L. lomentum a mixture of bean meal and rice, used as a cosmetic wash, bean meal, fr. lavare, lotum, to wash.] (Bot.) An elongated pod, consisting, like the legume, of two valves, but divided transversely into small cells, each containing a single seed. Lomentaceous Lo`men*ta"ceous (?), a. [From Loment.] (Bot.) Of the nature of a loment; having fruits like loments. Lomonite Lom"o*nite (?), n. Same as Laumontite. Lompish Lomp"ish (?), a. Lumpish. [Obs.] Spenser. Lond Lond (?), n. Land. [Obs.] Chaucer. London Lon"don (?), n. The capital city of England. London paste (Med.), a paste made of caustic soda and unslacked lime; -- used as a caustic to destroy tumors and other morbid enlargements. -- London pride. (Bot.) (a) A garden name for Saxifraga umbrosa, a hardy perennial herbaceous plant, a native of high lands in Great Britain. (b) A name anciently given to the Sweet William. Dr. Prior. -- London rocket (Bot.), a cruciferous plant (Sisymbrium Irio) which sprung up in London abundantly on the ruins of the great fire of 1667. Londoner Lon"don*er (-&etil;r), n. A native or inhabitant of London. Shak. Londonism Lon"don*ism (?), n. A characteristic of Londoners; a mode of speaking peculiar to London. Londonize Lon"don*ize (?), v. i. To impart to (one) a manner or character like that which distinguishes Londoners. Londonize Lon"don*ize, v. i. To imitate the manner of the people of London. Lone Lone (?), n. A lane. See Loanin. [Prov. Eng.] Lone Lone, a. [Abbrev. fr. alone.] 1. Being without a companion; being by one's self; also, sad from lack of companionship; lonely; as, a lone traveler or watcher. When I have on those pathless wilds a appeared, And the lone wanderer with my presence cheered. Shenstone. 2. Single; unmarried, or in widowhood. [Archaic] Queen Elizabeth being a lone woman. Collection of Records (1642). A hundred mark is a long one for a poor lone woman to bear. Shak. 3. Being apart from other things of the kind; being by itself; also, apart from human dwellings and resort; as, a lone house. " A lone isle." Pope. By a lone well a lonelier column rears. Byron. 4. Unfrequented by human beings; solitary. Thus vanish scepters, coronets, and balls, And leave you on lone woods, or empty walls. Pope. Loneliness Lone"li*ness (?), n. 1. The condition of being lonely; solitude; seclusion. 2. The state of being unfrequented by human beings; as, the loneliness of a road. 3. Love of retirement; disposition to solitude. I see The mystery of your loneliness. Shak. 4. A feeling of depression resulting from being alone. Syn. -- Solitude; seclusion. See Solitude. Lonely Lone"ly, a. [Compar. Lonelier (?); superl. Loneliest.] [Shortened fr. alonely.] 1. Sequestered from company or neighbors; solitary; retired; as, a lonely situation; a lonely cell. 2. Alone, or in want of company; forsaken. To the misled and lonely traveler. Milton. 3. Not frequented by human beings; as, a lonely wood. 4. Having a feeling of depression or sadness resulting from the consciousness of being alone; lonesome. I am very often alone. I don't mean I am lonely. H. James. Syn. -- Solitary; lone; lonesome; retired; unfrequented; sequestered; secluded. Loneness Lone"ness, n. Solitude; seclusion. [Obs.] Donne. Lonesome Lone"some (?), a. [Compar. Lonesomer (?); superl. Lonesomest.] 1. Secluded from society; not frequented by human beings; solitary. Like one that on a lonesome road Doth walk in fear and dread. Coleridge . 2. Conscious of, and somewhat depressed by, solitude; as, to feel lonesome. -- Lone"some*ly, adv. -- Lone"some*ness, n. Long Long (?), a. [Compar. Longer (?); superl. Longest (?).] [AS. long, lang; akin to OS, OFries., D., & G. lang, Icel. langr, Sw. l\'86ng, Dan. lang, Goth. laggs, L.longus. &root;125. Cf. Length, Ling a fish, Linger, Lunge, Purloin.] 1. Drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length; protracted; extended; as, a long line; -- opposed to short, and distinguished from broad or wide. _________________________________________________________________ Page 867 2. Drawn out or extended in time; continued through a considerable tine, or to a great length; as, a long series of events; a long debate; a long drama; a long history; a long book. 3. Slow in passing; causing weariness by length or duration; lingering; as, long hours of watching. 4. Occurring or coming after an extended interval; distant in time; far away. The we may us reserve both fresh and strong Against the tournament, which is not long. Spenser. 5. Extended to any specified measure; of a specified length; as, a span long; a yard long; a mile long, that is, extended to the measure of a mile, etc. 6. Far-reaching; extensive. " Long views." Burke. 7. (Phonetics) Prolonged, or relatively more prolonged, in utterance; -- said of vowels and syllables. See Short, a., 13, and Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 22, 30. NOTE: &hand; Long is used as a prefix in a large number of compound adjectives which are mostly of obvious meaning; as, long-armed, long-beaked, long-haired, long-horned, long-necked, long-sleeved, long-tailed, long- worded, etc. In the long run, in the whole course of things taken together; in the ultimate result; eventually. -- Long clam (Zo\'94l.), the common clam (Mya arenaria) of the Northern United States and Canada; -- called also soft-shell clam and long-neck clam. See Mya. -- Long cloth, a kind of cotton cloth of superior quality. -- Long clothes, clothes worn by a young infant, extending below the feet. -- Long division. (Math.) See Division. -- Long dozen, one more than a dozen; thirteen. -- Long home, the grave. -- Long measure, Long mater. See under Measure, Meter. -- Long Parliament (Eng. Hist.), the Parliament which assembled Nov. 3, 1640, and was dissolved by Cromwell, April 20, 1653. -- Long price, the full retail price. -- Long purple (Bot.), a plant with purple flowers, supposed to be the Orchis mascula. Dr. Prior. -- Long suit (Whist), a suit of which one holds originally more than three cards. R. A. Proctor. -- Long tom. (a) A pivot gun of great length and range, on the dock of a vessel. (b) A long trough for washing auriferous earth. [Western U.S.] (c) (Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed titmouse. -- Long wall (Coal Mining), a working in which the whole seam is removed and the roof allowed to fall in, as the work progresses, except where passages are needed. -- Of long, a long time. [Obs.] Fairfax. -- To be, OR go, long of the market, To be on the long side of the market, etc. (Stock Exchange), to hold stock for a rise in price, or to have a contract under which one can demand stock on or before a certain day at a stipulated price; -- opposed to short in such phrases as, to be short of stock, to sell short, etc. [Cant] See Short. -- To have a long head, to have a farseeing or sagacious mind. Long Long (?), n. 1. (Mus.) A note formerly used in music, one half the length of a large, twice that of a breve. 2. (Phonetics) A long sound, syllable, or vowel. 3. The longest dimension; the greatest extent; -- in the phrase, the long and the short of it, that is, the sum and substance of it. Addison. Long Long, adv. [AS. lance.] 1. To a great extent in apace; as, a long drawn out line. 2. To a great extent in time; during a long time. They that tarry long at the wine. Prov. xxiii. 30. When the trumpet soundeth long. Ex. xix. 13. 3. At a point of duration far distant, either prior or posterior; as, not long before; not long after; long before the foundation of Rome; long after the Conquest. 4. Through the whole extent or duration. The bird of dawning singeth all night long. Shak. 5. Through an extent of time, more or less; -- only in question; as, how long will you be gone? Long Long, prep. [Abbreviated fr. along. See 3d Along.] By means of; by the fault of; because of. [Obs.] See Along of, under 3d Along. Long Long, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Longed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Longing.] [AS. langian to increase, to lengthen, to stretch out the mind after, to long, to crave, to belong to, fr. lang long. See Long, a.] 1. To feel a strong or morbid desire or craving; to wish for something with eagerness; -- followed by an infinitive, or by after or for. I long to see you. Rom. i. 11. I have longed after thy precepts. Ps. cxix. 40. I have longed for thy salvation. Ps. cxix. 174. Nicomedes, longing for herrings, was supplied with fresh ones . . . at a great distance from the sea. Arbuthnot. 2. To belong; -- used with to, unto, or for. [Obs.] The labor which that longeth unto me. Chaucer. Longan Lon"gan (?), n. (Bot.) A pulpy fruit related to the litchi, and produced by an evergreen East Indian tree (Nephelium Longan). Longanimity Lon`ga*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. longanimitas; longus long + animus mind: cf. F. longanimit\'82.] Disposition to bear injuries patiently; forbearance; patience. Jer. Taylor. Long-armed Long"-armed` (?), a. Having long arms; as, the long-armed ape or gibbon. Longbeak Long"beak` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American redbellied snipe (Macrorhamphus scolopaceus); -- called also long-billed dowitcher. Longboat Long"boat` (?), n. (Naut.) Formerly, the largest boat carried by a merchant vessel, corresponding to the launch of a naval vessel. Longbow Long"bow` (?), n. The ordinary bow, not mounted on a stock; -- so called in distinction from the crossbow when both were used as weapons of war. Also, sometimes, such a bow of about the height of a man, as distinguished from a much shorter one. To draw the longbow, to tell large stories. Long-breathed Long"-breathed` (?), a. Having the power of retaining the breath for a long time; long-winded. Long-drawn Long"-drawn` (?), a. Extended to a great length. The cicad\'91 hushed their long-drawn, ear-splitting strains. G. W. Cable. Longe Longe (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. allonge. See Lunge.] 1. A thrust. See Lunge. Smollett. 2. The training ground for a horse. Farrow. Longe Longe, n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as 4th Lunge. Longer Long"er (?), n. One who longs for anything. Longeval Lon*ge"val (?), a. Long-loved; longevous.[R.] Pope. Longevity Lon*gev"i*ty (?), n. [L. longaevitas. See Longevous.] Long duration of life; length of life. The instances of longevity are chiefly amongst the abstemious. Arbuthnot. Longevous Lon*ge"vous (?), a. [L. longaevus; longus long + aevum lifetime, age. See Long, and Age.] Living a long time; of great age. Sir T. Browne. Longhand Long"hand` (?), n. The written characters used in the common method of writing; -- opposed to shorthand. Longheaded Long"head"ed (?), a. Having unusual foresight or sagacity. -- Long"-head`ed*ness, n. Longhorn Long"horn` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A long-horned animal, as a cow, goat, or beetle. See Long-horned. Long-horned Long"-horned` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) [Obs.] Having a long horn or horns; as, a long-horned goat, or cow; having long antenn\'91, as certain beetles (Longicornia). Longicorn Lon"gi*corn (?), a. [L. longus long + cornu horn: cf. F. longicorne.] (Zo\'94l.) Long-horned; pertaining to the Longicornia. -- n. One of the Longicornia. Longicornia Lon`gi*cor"ni*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. longus long + cornu horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of beetles, including a large number of species, in which the antenn\'91 are very long. Most of them, while in the larval state, bore into the wood or beneath the bark of trees, and some species are very destructive to fruit and shade trees. See Apple borer, under Apple, and Locust beetle, under Locust. Longilateral Lon`gi*lat"er*al (?), a. [L. longus long + lateralis lateral, fr. latus side.] Having long sides especially, having the form of a long parallelogram. Nineveh . . . was of a longilateral figure, ninety-five furlongs broad, and a hundred and fifty long. Sir T. Browne. Longiloquence Lon*gil"o*quence (?), n. [L. langus long + loquentia a talking.] Long-windedness. American longiloquence in oratory. Fitzed. Hall. Longimanous Lon*gim"a*nous (?), a. [L. longus long + manus hand.] Having long hands. Sir T. Browne. Longimetry Lon*gim"e*try (?), n. [L. longus long + -metry: cf. F. longim\'82trie.] The art or practice of measuring distances or lengths. Cheyne. Longing Long"ing (?), n. An eager desire; a craving; a morbid appetite; an earnest wish; an aspiration. Put on my crown; I have immortal longings in me. Shak. Longingly Long"ing*ly, adv. With longing. Dryden. Longinquity Lon*gin"qui*ty (?), n. [L. longinquitas, fr. longinquus extensive, remote, fr. longus long.] Greatness of distance; remoteness. [R.] Barrow. Longipalp Lon"gi*palp (?), n. [F. longipalpe, fr. L. longus long + F. palpe a feeler, a palp.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of beetles, having long maxillary palpi. Longipennate Lon"gi*pen"nate (?), a. [L. longus long + E. pennate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having long wings, or quills. Longipennes Lon`gi*pen"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. longus long + penna wing.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of longwinged sea birds, including the gulls, petrels, etc. Longipennine Lon`gi*pen"nine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Longipennes; longipennate. Longiroster Lon`gi*ros"ter (?), n.; pl. L. Longirostres (#), E. Longirosters (#). [L. longus long + rostrum beak: cf. F. longirostre.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Longirostres. Longirostral Lon`gi*ros"tral (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a long bill; of or pertaining to the Longirostres. Longirostres Lon`gi*ros"tres (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. longus long + rostrum beak.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of birds characterized by having long slender bills, as the sandpipers, curlews, and ibises. It is now regarded as an artificial division. Longish Long"ish (?), a. Somewhat long; moderately long. Longitude Lon"gi*tude (?), n. [F., fr. L. longitudo, fr. longus long.] 1. Length; measure or distance along the longest line; -- distinguished from breadth or thickness; as, the longitude of a room; rare now, except in a humorous sense. Sir H. Wotton. The longitude of their cloaks. Sir. W. Scott. Mine [shadow] spindling into longitude immense. Cowper. 2. (Geog.) The arc or portion of the equator intersected between the meridian of a given place and the meridian of some other place from which longitude is reckoned, as from Greenwich, England, or sometimes from the capital of a country, as from Washington or Paris. The longitude of a place is expressed either in degrees or in time; as, that of New York is 74° or 4 h. 56 min. west of Greenwich. 3. (Astron.) The distance in degrees, reckoned from the vernal equinox, on the ecliptic, to a circle at right angles to the ecliptic passing through the heavenly body whose longitude is designated; as, the longitude of Capella is 79°. Geocentric longitude (Astron.), the longitude of a heavenly body as seen from the earth. -- Heliocentric longitude, the longitude of a heavenly body, as seen from the sun's center. -- Longitude stars, certain stars whose position is known, and the data in regard to which are used in observations for finding the longitude, as by lunar distances. Longitudinal Lon`gi*tu"di*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. longitudinal.] 1. Of or pertaining to longitude or length; as, longitudinal distance. 2. Extending in length; in the direction of the length; running lengthwise, as distinguished from transverse; as, the longitudinal diameter of a body. Cheyne. Longitudinal Lon`gi*tu"di*nal, n. A railway sleeper lying parallel with the rail. Longitudinally Lon`gi*tu"di*nal*ly, adv. In the direction of length. Longlegs Long"legs` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A daddy longlegs. Long-lived Long"-lived` (?), a. Having a long life; having constitutional peculiarities which make long life probable; lasting long; as, a long-lived tree; they are a longlived family; long-lived prejudices. Longly Long"ly, adv. 1. With longing desire. [Obs.] Shak. 2. For a long time; hence, wearisomely. Longmynd rocks Long"mynd rocks" (?). (Geol.) The sparingly fossiliferous conglomerates, grits, schists, and states of Great Britain, which lie at the base of the Cambrian system; -- so called, because typically developed in the Longmynd Hills, Shropshire. Longness Long"ness, n. Length. Longnose Long"nose` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European garfish. Long primer Long" prim"er (?). (Print.) A kind of type, in size between small pica and bourgeois. NOTE: &hand; long primer. Longshanks Long"shanks` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The stilt. Longshore Long"shore` (?), a. [Abbrev. from alongshore.] Belonging to the seashore or a seaport; along and on the shore. "Longshore thieves." R. Browning. Longshoreman Long"shore`man (?), n.; pl. Longshoremen (#). [Abbrev. fr. alongshoreman.] One of a class of laborers employed about the wharves of a seaport, especially in loading and unloading vessels. Long-sight Long"-sight (?), n. Long-sightedness Good. Long-sighted Long"-sight`ed (?), a. 1. Able to see objects at a great distance; hence, having great foresight; sagacious; farseeing. 2. Able to see objects distinctly at a distance, but not close at hand; hypermetropic. Long-sightedness Long"-sight`ed*ness, n. 1. The state or condition of being long-sighted; hence, sagacity; shrewdness. 2. (Med.) See Hypermetropia. Longsome Long"some (?) a. [AS. langsum.] Extended in length; tiresome. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Prior. -- Long"some*ness, n. [Obs.] Fuller. Longspun Long"spun` (?), a. Spun out, or extended, to great length; hence, long-winded; tedious. The longspun allegories fulsome grow, While the dull moral lies too plain below. Addison. Longspur Long"spur` (?), n. [So called from the length of the hind claw.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of fringilline birds of the genus Calcarius (or Plectrophanes), and allied genera. The Lapland longspur (C. Lapponicus), the chestnut-colored longspur (C. ornatus), and other species, inhabit the United States. Long-stop Long"-stop` (?), n. (Cricket) One who is set to stop balls which pass the wicket keeper. Long-sufferance Long"-suf`fer*ance (?), n. Forbearance to punish or resent. Long-suffering Long"-suf`fer*ing, n. Bearing injuries or provocation for a long time; patient; not easily provoked. The Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth. Ex. xxxiv. 6. Long-suffering Long"-suf`fer*ing, n. Long patience of offense. Despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and long-suffering? Rom. ii. 4. Longtail Long"tail` (?), n. An animal, particularly a log, having an uncut tail. Cf. Curtail. Dog. NOTE: &hand; A lo ngtail wa s a gentleman's dog, or the dog of one qualified to bunt, other dogs being required to have their tails cut. Cut and longtail, all, gentlefolks and others, as they might come. Shak. Long-tongue Long"-tongue` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wryneck. Long-tongued Long"-tongued` (?), a. 1. Having a long tongue. 2. Talkative; babbling; loquacious. Shak. Longulite Lon"gu*lite (?), n. [L. longus long + -lie.] (Min.) A kind of crystallite having a (slender) acicular form. Long-waisted Long"-waist`ed (?), a. 1. Having a long waist; long from the armpits to the armpits to the bottom of the waist; -- said of persons. 2. Long from the part about the neck or shoulder, or from the armpits, to the bottom of the weist, or to the skirt; -- said of garments; as, a long-waisted coat. Longways Long"ways` (?), adv. Lengthwise. Addison. Long-winded Long"-wind"ed (?), a. Long-breathed; hence, tediously long in speaking; consuming much time; as, a long-winded talker. -- Long"-wind"ed*ness, n. A tedious, long-winded harangue. South. Longwise Long"wise` (?), adv. Lengthwise. Loo Loo (?), n. [For older lanterloo, F. lanturelu, lanturlu, name of the game; orig., the refrain of a vaudeville.] (a) An old game played with five, or three, cards dealt to each player from a full pack. When five cards are used the highest card is the knave of clubs or (if so agreed upon) the knave of trumps; -- formerly called lanterloo. (b) A modification of the game of "all fours" in which the players replenish their hands after each round by drawing each a card from the pack. _________________________________________________________________ Page 868 Loo table, a round table adapted for a circle of persons playing loo. Loo Loo (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Looed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Looing.] To beat in the game of loo by winning every trick. [Written also lu.] Goldsmith. Loob Loob (?), n. [Corn., slime, sludge.] (Mining) The clay or slimes washed from tin ore in dressing. Loobily Loo"bi*ly (?), a. [From Looby.] Loobylike; awkward. Fuller. Loobily Loo"bi*ly, adv. Awkwardly. L'Estrange. Looby Loo"by (?), n.; pl. Loobies (#). [Cf. Lob.] An awkward, clumsy fellow; a lubber. Swift. Looch Looch (?), n. See 2d Loch. Loof Loof (?), n. (Bot.) The spongelike fibers of the fruit of a cucurbitaceous plant (Luffa \'92gyptiaca); called also vegetable sponge. Loof Loof (?), n. [See Luff.] [Also written luff.] (Naut.) (a) Formerly, some appurtenance of a vessel which was used in changing her course; -- probably a large paddle put over the lee bow to help bring her head nearer to the wind. (b) The part of a ship's side where the planking begins to curve toward bow and stern. Loof Loof, v. i. (Naut.) See Luff. Look Look (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Looked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Looking.] [OE. loken, AS. l&omac;cian; akin to G. lugen, OHG. luog&emac;n.] 1. To direct the eyes for the purpose of seeing something; to direct the eyes toward an object; to observe with the eyes while keeping them directed; -- with various prepositions, often in a special or figurative sense. See Phrases below. 2. To direct the attention (to something); to consider; to examine; as, to look at an action. 3. To seem; to appear; to have a particular appearance; as, the patient looks better; the clouds look rainy. It would look more like vanity than gratitude. Addison. Observe how such a practice looks in another person. I. Watts. 4. To have a particular direction or situation; to face; to front. The inner gate that looketh to north. Ezek. viii. 3. The east gate . . . which looketh eastward. Ezek. xi. 1. 5. In the imperative: see; behold; take notice; take care; observe; -- used to call attention. Look, how much we thus expel of sin, so much we expel of virtue. Milton. NOTE: &hand; Lo ok, in th e im perative, ma y be fo llowed by a dependent sentence, but see is oftener so used. <-- See spot run? in 1990, the reverse is true --> Look that ye bind them fast. Shak. Look if it be my daughter. Talfourd. 6. To show one's self in looking, as by leaning out of a window; as, look out of the window while I speak to you. Sometimes used figuratively. My toes look through the overleather. Shak. 7. To await the appearance of anything; to expect; to anticipate. Looking each hour into death's mouth to fall. Spenser. To look about, to look on all sides, or in different directions. -- To look about one, to be on the watch; to be vigilant; to be circumspect or guarded. -- To look after. (a) To attend to; to take care of; as, to look after children. (b) To expect; to be in a state of expectation. Men's hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth. Luke xxi. 26. (c) To seek; to search. My subject does not oblige me to look after the water, or point forth the place where to it is now retreated. Woodward. -- To look at, to direct the eyes toward so that one sees, or as if to see; as, to look at a star; hence, to observe, examine, consider; as, to look at a matter without prejudice. -- To look black, to frown; to scowl; to have a threatening appearance. The bishops thereat repined, and looked black. Holinshed. -- To look down on OR upon, to treat with indifference or contempt; to regard as an inferior; to despise. -- To look for. (a) To expect; as, to look for news by the arrival of a ship. "Look now for no enchanting voice." Milton. (b) To seek for; to search for; as, to look for lost money, or lost cattle. -- To look forth. (a) To look out of something, as from a window. (b) To threaten to come out. Jer. vi. 1. (Rev. Ver.). -- To look into, to inspect closely; to observe narrowly; to examine; as, to look into the works of nature; to look into one's conduct or affairs. -- To look on. (a) To regard; to esteem. Her friends would look on her the worse. Prior. (b) To consider; to view; to conceive of; to think of. I looked on Virgil as a succinct, majestic writer. Dryden. (c) To be a mere spectator. I'll be a candleholder, and look on. Shak. -- To look out, to be on the watch; to be careful; as, the seaman looks out for breakers. -- To look through. (a) To see through. (b) To search; to examine with the eyes. -- To look to OR unto. (a) To watch; to take care of. "Look well to thy herds." Prov. xxvii. 23. (b) To resort to with expectation of receiving something; to expect to receive from; as, the creditor may look to surety for payment. "Look unto me, and be ye saved." Is. xlv. 22. -- To look up, to search for or find out by looking; as, to look up the items of an account. -- To look up to, to respect; to regard with deference. Look Look, v. t. 1. To look at; to turn the eyes toward. 2. To seek; to search for. [Obs.] Looking my love, I go from place to place. Spenser. 3. To expect. [Obs.] Shak. 4. To influence, overawe, or subdue by looks or presence as, to look down opposition. A spirit fit to start into an empire, And look the world to law. Dryden. 5. To express or manifest by a look. Soft eyes looked love to eyes which spake again. Byron. To look daggers. See under Dagger. -- To look in the face, to face or meet with boldness or confidence; hence, sometimes, to meet for combat. -- To look out, to seek for; as, prudent persons look out associates good reputation. Look Look (?), n. 1. The act of looking; a glance; a sight; a view; -- often in certain phrases; as, to have, get, take, throw, or cast, a look. Threw many a northward look to see his father Bring up his powers; but he did long in vain. Shak. 2. Expression of the eyes and face; manner; as, a proud or defiant look. "Gentle looks." Shak. Up ! up! my friends, and clear your looks. Wordsworth. 3. Hence; Appearance; aspect; as, the house has a gloomy look; the affair has a bad look. Pain, disgrace, and poverty have frighted looks. Locke. There was something that reminded me of Dante's Hell in the look of this. Carlyle. Lookdown Look"down` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Moonfish (b). Looker Look"er (?), n. One who looks. Looker-on, a spectator; one that looks on, but has no agency or part in an affair. Did not this fatal war affront thy coast, Yet sattest thou an idle looker-on ? Fairfax. Looking Look"ing, a. Having a certain look or appearance; -- often compounded with adjectives; as, good-looking, grand-looking, etc. Looking Look"ing, n. 1. The act of one who looks; a glance. 2. The manner in which one looks; appearance; countenance; face. [Obs.] All dreary was his cheer and his looking. Chaucer. Looking for, anticipation; expectation. "A certain fearful looking for of judgment." Heb. x. 27. Looking-glass Look"ing-glass` (?), n. A mirror made of glass on which has been placed a backing of some reflecting substance, as quicksilver. There is none so homely but loves a looking-glass. South. Lookout Look"out` (?), n. 1. A careful looking or watching for any object or event. 2. The place from which such observation is made. 3. A person engaged in watching. 4. Object or duty of forethought and care; responsibility. [Colloq.] Lool Lool (?), n. (Metal.) A vessel used to receive the washings of ores of metals. Loom Loom (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Loon, the bird. Loom Loom, n. [OE. lome, AS. gel utensil, implement.] 1. A frame or machine of wood or other material, in which a weaver forms cloth out of thread; a machine for interweaving yarn or threads into a fabric, as in knitting or lace making. Hector, when he sees Andromache overwhelmed with terror, sends her for consolation to the loom and the distaff. Rambler. 2. (Naut.) That part of an oar which is near the grip or handle and inboard from the rowlock. Totten. Loom Loom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Looming.] [OE. lumen to shine, Icel. ljoma; akin to AS. le\'a2ma light, and E. light; or cf. OF. lumer to shine, L. luminare to illumine, lumen light; akin to E. light. Light not dark.] 1. To appear above the surface either of sea or land, or to appear enlarged, or distorted and indistinct, as a distant object, a ship at sea, or a mountain, esp. from atmospheric influences; as, the ship looms large; the land looms high. Awful she looms, the terror of the main. H. J. Pye. 2. To rise and to be eminent; to be elevated or ennobled, in a moral sense. On no occasion does he [Paul] loom so high, and shine so gloriously, as in the context. J. M. Mason. Loom Loom, n. The state of looming; esp., an unnatural and indistinct appearance of elevation or enlargement of anything, as of land or of a ship, seen by one at sea. Loom-gale Loom"-gale` (?), n. A gentle gale of wind. Looming Loom"ing, n. The indistinct and magnified appearance of objects seen in particular states of the atmosphere. See Mirage. Loon Loon (?), n. [Scot. loun, lown, loon; akin to OD. loen a stupid man; prob. for an older lown, and akin to E. lame.] A sorry fellow; a worthless person; a rogue. Loon Loon, n. [For older loom, Icel. l; akin to Dan. & Sw. lom.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several aquatic, wed-footed, northern birds of the genus Urinator (formerly Colymbus), noted for their expertness in diving and swimming under water. The common loon, or great northern diver (Urinator imber, or Colymbus torquatus), and the red-throated loon or diver (U. septentrionalis), are the best known species. See Diver. Loony Loon"y (?), a. See Luny. Loop Loop (?), n. [G. luppe an iron lump. Cf. Looping.] (Iron Works) A mass of iron in a pasty condition gathered into a ball for the tilt hammer or rolls. [Written also loup.] Loop Loop, n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. lub loop, noose, fold, thong, bend, lub to bend, incline.] 1. A fold or doubling of a thread, cord, rope, etc., through which another thread, cord, etc., can be passed, or which a hook can be hooked into; an eye, as of metal; a staple; a noose; a bight. That the probation bear no hinge, nor loop To hang a doubt on. Shak. 2. A small, narrow opening; a loophole. And stop all sight-holes, every loop from whence The eye of Reason may pry in upon us. Shak. 3. A curve of any kind in the form of a loop. 4. (Telegraphy) A wire forming part of a main circuit and returning to the point from which it starts. 5. (Acoustics) The portion of a vibrating string, air column, etc., between two nodes; -- called also ventral segment. Loop knot, a single knot tied in a doubled cord, etc. so as to leave a loop beyond the knot. See Illust. of Knot. Loop Loop (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Looped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Looping.] To make a loop of or in; to fasten with a loop or loops; -- often with up; as, to loop a string; to loop up a curtain. Looped Looped (?), a. 1. Bent, folded, or tied, so as to make a loop; as, a looped wire or string. 2. Full of holes. [Obs.] Shak. Looper Loop"er (?), n. 1. An instrument, as a bodkin, for forming a loop in yarn, a cord, etc. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of any species of geometrid moths. See Geometrid. Loophole Loop"hole` (?), n. 1. (Mil.) A small opening, as in the walls of fortification, or in the bulkhead of a ship, through which small arms or other weapons may be discharged at an enemy. 2. A hole or aperture that gives a passage, or the means of escape or evasion. <-- 3. (Fig.) (Law) An amibiguity or unintended omission in a law, rule, or contract which allows a party to circumvent the intent of the text and avoid its obligations under certain circumstances. -- used usually in a negative sense; -- distinguished from "escape clause" in that the latter usually is included to deliberately allow evasion of obligation under certain specified and foreseen circumstances. --> Loopholed Loop"holed` (?), a. Provided with loopholes. Loopie Loop"ie (?), a. Deceitful; cunning; sly. [Scot.] Looping Loop"ing, n. [Cf. D. loopen to run. Cf. Loop a mass of iron, Leap.] (Metal.) The running together of the matter of an ore into a mass, when the ore is only heated for calcination. Looping Loop"ing, p. pr. & vb. n. of Loop. Looping snail (Zo\'94l.), any species of land snail of the genus Truncatella; -- so called because it creeps like the measuring worms. Looplight Loop"light` (?), n. A small narrow opening or window in a tower or fortified wall; a loophole. Loord Loord (?), n. [F. lourd heavy, dull.] A dull, stupid fellow; a drone. [Obs.] Spenser. Loos Loos (?), n. [OE. los, fr. OF. los, laus.] Praise; fame; reputation. [Obs.] Spenser. Good conscience and good loos. Chaucer. Loose Loose (?), a. [Compar. Looser (?); superl. Loosest.] [OE. loos, lous, laus, Icel. lauss; akin to OD. loos, D. los, AS. le\'a0s false, deceitful, G. los, loose, Dan. & Sw. l\'94s, Goth. laus, and E. lose. Lose, and cf. Leasing falsehood.] 1. Unbound; untied; unsewed; not attached, fastened, fixed, or confined; as, the loose sheets of a book. Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. Shak. 2. Free from constraint or obligation; not bound by duty, habit, etc. ; -- with from or of. Now I stand Loose of my vow; but who knows Cato's thoughts ? Addison. 3. Not tight or close; as, a loose garment. 4. Not dense, close, compact, or crowded; as, a cloth of loose texture. With horse and chariots ranked in loose array. Milton. 5. Not precise or exact; vague; indeterminate; as, a loose style, or way of reasoning. The comparison employed . . . must be considered rather as a loose analogy than as an exact scientific explanation. Whewel. 6. Not strict in matters of morality; not rigid according to some standard of right. The loose morality which he had learned. Sir W. Scott. 7. Unconnected; rambling. Vario spends whole mornings in running over loose and unconnected pages. I. Watts. 8. Lax; not costive; having lax bowels. Locke. 9. Dissolute; unchaste; as, a loose man or woman. Loose ladies in delight. Spenser. 10. Containing or consisting of obscene or unchaste language; as, a loose epistle. Dryden. At loose ends, not in order; in confusion; carelessly managed. -- Fast and loose. See under Fast. -- To break loose. See under Break. -- Loose pulley. (Mach.) See Fast and loose pulleys, under Fast. -- To let loose, to free from restraint or confinement; to set at liberty. Loose Loose, n. 1. Freedom from restraint. [Obs.] Prior. 2. A letting go; discharge. B. Jonson. To give a loose, to give freedom. Vent all its griefs, and give a loose to sorrow. Addison. Loose Loose (?), v. n. [imp. & p. p. Loosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Loosing.] [From Loose, a.] 1. To untie or unbind; to free from any fastening; to remove the shackles or fastenings of; to set free; to relieve. Canst thou . . . loose the bands of Orion ? Job. xxxviii. 31. Ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her; loose them, and bring them unto me. Matt. xxi. 2. 2. To release from anything obligatory or burdensome; to disengage; hence, to absolve; to remit. Art thou loosed from a wife ? seek not a wife. 1 Cor. vii. 27. Whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. Matt. xvi. 19. 3. To relax; to loosen; to make less strict. The joints of his loins were loosed. Dan. v. 6. 4. To solve; to interpret. [Obs.] Spenser. Loose Loose, v. i. To set sail. [Obs.] Acts xiii. 13. Loosely Loose"ly, adv. In a loose manner. Loosen Loos"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loosened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Loosening.] [See Loose, v. t.] 1. To make loose; to free from tightness, tension, firmness, or fixedness; to make less dense or compact; as, to loosen a string, or a knot; to loosen a rock in the earth. After a year's rooting, then shaking doth the tree good by loosening of the earth. Bacon. 2. To free from restraint; to set at liberty.. It loosens his hands, and assists his understanding. Dryden. 3. To remove costiveness from; to facilitate or increase the alvine discharges of. Bacon. Loosen Loos"en, v. i. To become loose; to become less tight, firm, or compact. S. Sharp. Loosener Loos"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, loosens. Looseness Loose"ness, n. The state, condition, or quality, of being loose; as, the looseness of a cord; looseness of style; looseness of morals or of principles. Loosestrife Loose"strife` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The name of several species of plants of the genus Lysimachia, having small star-shaped flowers, usually of a yellow color. (b) Any species of the genus Lythrum, having purple, or, in some species, crimson flowers. Gray. _________________________________________________________________ Page 869 False loosestrife, a plant of the genus Ludwigia, which includes several species, most of which are found in the United States. -- Tufted loosestrife, the plant Lysimachia thyrsiflora, found in the northern parts of the United States and in Europe. Gray. Loosish Loos"ish (?), a. Somewhat loose. Loot Loot (?), n. [Hind. l, Skr. l, l, booty, lup to break, spoil; prob. akin to E. rob.] 1. The act of plundering. 2. Plunder; booty; especially, the boot taken in a conquered or sacked city. Loot Loot, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Looted; p. pr. & vb. n. Looting.] To plunder; to carry off as plunder or a prize lawfully obtained by war. Looting parties . . . ransacking the houses. L.O Looter Loot"er (?), n. A plunderer. Loover Loo"ver (?), n. See Louver. Lop Lop (?), n. [AS. loppe.] A flea.[Obs.] Cleveland. Lop Lop (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lopping (?).] [Prov. G. luppen, lubben,to cut, geld, or OD. luppen, D. lubben.] 1. To cut off as the top or extreme part of anything; to shoas, to lop a tree or its branches. "With branches lopped, in wood or mountain felled." Milton. Expunge the whole, or lop the excrescent parts. Pope. 2. To cut partly off and bend down; as, to lop bushes in a hedge. Lop Lop, n. That which is lopped from anything, as branches from a tree. Shak. Mortimer. Lop Lop, v. i. To hang downward; to be pendent; to lean to one side. Lop Lop, v. t. To let hang down; as, to lop the head. Lop Lop, a. Hanging down; as, lop ears; -- used also in compound adjectives; as, lopeared; lopsided. Lope Lope (?), imp. of Leap. [Obs.] And, laughing, lope into a tree. Spenser. Lope Lope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Loping.] [See Leap.] 1. To leap; to dance. [Prov. Eng.] "He that lopes on the ropes." Middleton. 2. To move with a lope, as a horse. [U.S.] Lope Lope, n. 1. A leap; a long step. [Prov. Eng.] 2. An easy gait, consisting of long running strides or leaps. [U.S.] The mustang goes rollicking ahead, with the eternal lope, . . . a mixture of two or three gaits, as easy as the motions of a crade. T. B. Thorpe. Lopeared Lop"eared` (?), a. Having ears which lop or hang down. Lopeman Lope"man (?), n. Leaper; ropedancer. [Obs.] Loper Lop"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, lopes; esp., a horse that lopes. [U.S.] 2. (Rope Making) A swivel at one end of a ropewalk, used in laying the strands. Lophine Loph"ine (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A nitrogenous organic base obtained by the oxidation of amarine, and regarded as a derivative of benzoic aldehyde. It is obtained in long white crystalline tufts, -- whence its name. Lophiomys Lo*phi"o*mys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. lofia` a mane, bristly ridge + my^s a mouse.] (Zo\'94l.) A very singular rodent (Lophiomys Imhausi) of Northeastern Africa. It is the only known representative of a special family (Lophiomyid\'91), remarkable for the structure of the skull. It has handlike feet, and the hair is peculiar in structure and arrangement. Lophobranch Loph"o*branch (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Lophobranchii. -- n. One of the Lophobranchii. Lophobranchiate Loph`o*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Lophobranchii. Lophobranchii Loph`o*bran"chi*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of teleostean fishes, having the gills arranged in tufts on the branchial arches, as the Hippocampus and pipefishes. Lophophore Loph"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A disk which surrounds the mouth and bears the tentacles of the Bryozoa. See Phylactolemata. Lophopoda Lo*phop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Phylactolemata. Lophosteon Lo*phos"te*on (?), n. ; pl. L. Lophostea (#), E. Lophosteons (#). [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) The central keel-bearing part of the sternum in birds. Loppard Lop"pard (?), n. [Lop + -ard.] A tree, the top of which has been lopped off. [Eng.] Lopper Lop"per (?), n. One who lops or cuts off. Lopper Lop"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Loppered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Loppering.] [Cf. Prov. G. l\'81bbern, levern, OHG. giliber, G. luppe, lab, rennet.] To turn sour and coagulate from too long standing, as milk. Lopping Lop"ping (?), n. A cutting off, as of branches; that which is cut off; leavings. The loppings made from that stock whilst it stood. Burke. Loppy Lop"py (?), a. Somewhat lop; inclined to lop. Lopseed Lop"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) A perennial herb (Phryma Leptostachya), having slender seedlike fruits. Lopsided Lop"sid`ed (?), a. [Lop + side. Cf. Lobsided.] 1. Leaning to one side because of some defect of structure; as, a lopsided ship. Marryat. 2. Unbalanced; poorly proportioned; full of idiosyncrasies. J. S. Mill. Loquacious Lo*qua"cious (?), a. [L. loquax, -acis, talkative, fr. loqui to speak; cf. Gr. 1. Given to continual talking; talkative; garrulous. Loquacious, brawling, ever in the wrong. Dryden. 2. Speaking; expressive. [R.] J. Philips. 3. Apt to blab and disclose secrets. Syn. -- Garrulous; talkative. See Garrulous. Loquaciously Lo*qua"cious*ly, adv. In a loquacious manner. Loquaciousness Lo*qua"cious*ness, n. Loquacity. Loquacity Lo*quac"i*ty (?), n. [L. loquacitas: cf. F. loquacit\'82.] The habit or practice of talking continually or excessively; inclination to talk too much; talkativeness; garrulity. Too great loquacity and too great taciturnity by fits. Arbuthnot. Loquat Lo"quat (?), n. [Chinese name.] (Bot.) The fruit of the Japanese medlar (Photinia Japonica). It is as large as a small plum, but grows in clusters, and contains four or five large seeds. Also, the tree itself. Loral Lo"ral (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the lores. Lorate Lo"rate (?), a. [L. loratus, fr. lorum thong.] (Bot.) Having the form of a thong or strap; ligulate. Lorcha Lor"cha (?), n. [Pg.] (Naut.) A kind of light vessel used on the coast of China, having the hull built on a European model, and the rigging like that of a Chinese junk. Admiral Foote. Lord Lord (?), n. [Cf. Gr. A hump-backed person; -- so called sportively. [Eng.] Richardson (Dict.). Lord Lord, n. [OE. lord, laverd, loverd, AS. hl\'beford, for hl\'befweard, i. e., bread keeper; hl\'bef bread, loaf + weardian to look after, to take care of, to ward. See Loaf, and Ward to guard, and cf. Laird, Lady.] 1. One who has power and authority; a master; a ruler; a governor; a prince; a proprietor, as of a manor. But now I was the lord Of this fair mansion. Shak. Man over men He made not lord. Milton. 2. A titled nobleman., whether a peer of the realm or not; a bishop, as a member of the House of Lords; by courtesy; the son of a duke or marquis, or the eldest son of an earl; in a restricted sense, a boron, as opposed to noblemen of higher rank. [Eng.] 3. A title bestowed on the persons above named; and also, for honor, on certain official persons; as, lord advocate, lord chamberlain, lord chancellor, lord chief justice, etc. [Eng.] 4. A husband. "My lord being old also." Gen. xviii. 12. Thou worthy lord Of that unworthy wife that greeteth thee. Shak. 5. (Feudal Law) One of whom a fee or estate is held; the male owner of feudal land; as, the lord of the soil; the lord of the manor. 6. The Supreme Being; Jehovah. NOTE: &hand; Wh en Lo rd, in the Old Testament, is printed in small capitals, it is usually equivalent to Jehovah, and might, with more propriety, be so rendered. 7. The Savior; Jesus Christ. House of Lords, one of the constituent parts of the British Parliament, consisting of the lords spiritual and temporal. -- Lord high chancellor, Lord high constable, etc. See Chancellor, Constable, etc. -- Lord justice clerk, the second in rank of the two highest judges of the Supreme Court of Scotland. -- Lord justice general, OR Lord president, the highest in rank of the judges of the Supreme Court of Scotland. -- Lord keeper, an ancient officer of the English crown, who had the custody of the king's great seal, with authority to affix it to public documents. The office is now merged in that of the chancellor. -- Lord lieutenant, a representative of British royalty: the lord lieutenant of Ireland being the representative of royalty there, and exercising supreme administrative authority; the lord lieutenant of a county being a deputy to manage its military concerns, and also to nominate to the chancellor the justices of the peace for that county. -- Lord of misrule, the master of the revels at Christmas in a nobleman's or other great house. Eng. Cyc. -- Lords spiritual, the archbishops and bishops who have seats in the House of Lords. -- Lords temporal, the peers of England; also, sixteen representative peers of Scotland, and twenty-eight representatives of the Irish peerage. -- Our lord, Jesus Christ; the Savior. -- The Lord's Day, Sunday; the Christian Sabbath, on which the Lord Jesus rose from the dead. -- The Lord's Prayer, the prayer which Jesus taught his disciples. Matt. vi. 9-13. -- The Lord's Supper. (a) The paschal supper partaken of by Jesus the night before his crucifixion. (b) The sacrament of the eucharist; the holy communion. -- The Lord's Table. (a) The altar or table from which the sacrament is dispensed. (b) The sacrament itself. Lord Lord, v. t. 1. To invest with the dignity, power, and privileges of a lord. [R.] Shak. 2. To rule or preside over as a lord. [R.] Lord Lord, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lorded; p. pr. & vb. n. Lording.] To play the lord; to domineer; to rule with arbitrary or despotic sway; -- sometimes with over; and sometimes with it in the manner of a transitive verb. The whiles she lordeth in licentious bliss. Spenser. I see them lording it in London streets. Shak. And lorded over them whom now they serve. Milton. Lording Lord"ing, n. [Lord + -ing, 3.] 1. The son of a lord; a person of noble lineage. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. A little lord; a lordling; a lord, in contempt or ridicule. [Obs.] Swift. NOTE: &hand; In th e pl ural, a co mmon an cient mo de of address equivalent to "Sirs" or "My masters." Therefore, lordings all, I you beseech. Chaucer. Lordkin Lord"kin (?), n. A little lord. Thackeray. Lordlike Lord"like`, a. [2d lord + like. Cf. Lordly.] 1. Befitting or like a lord; lordly. 2. Haughty; proud; insolent; arrogant. Lordliness Lord"li*ness (?), n. [From Lordly.] The state or quality of being lordly. Shak. Lordling Lord"ling (?), n. [Lord + -ling.] A little or insignificant lord. Goldsmith. Lordly Lord"ly, a. [Compar. Lordlier (?); superl. Lordliest.] [Lord + -ly. Cf. Lordlike.] 1. Suitable for a lord; of or pertaining to a lord; resembling a lord; hence, grand; noble; dignified; honorable. She brought forth butter in a lordly dish. Judges v. 25. Lordly sins require lordly estates to support them. South. The maidens gathered strength and grace And presence, lordlier than before. Tennyson. 2. Proud; haughty; imperious; insolent. Lords are lordliest in their wine. Milton. Syn. -- Imperious; haughty; overbearing; tyrannical; despotic; domineering; arrogant. See Imperious. Lordly Lord"ly, adv. In a lordly manner. Lordolatry Lord*ol"a*try (?), n. [Lord + -olatry, as in idolatry.] Worship of, or reverence for, a lord as such. [Jocose] But how should it be otherwise in a country where lordolatry is part of our creed ? Thackeray. Lordosis Lor*do"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) A curvature of the spine forwards, usually in the lumbar region. (b) Any abnormal curvature of the bones. Lords and Ladies Lords" and La"dies (?). (Bot.) The European wake-robin (Arum maculatum), -- those with purplish spadix the lords, and those with pale spadix the ladies. Dr. Prior. Lordship Lord"ship (?), n. 1. The state or condition of being a lord; hence (with his or your), a title applied to a lord (except an archbishop or duke, who is called Grace) or a judge (in Great Britain), etc. 2. Seigniory; domain; the territory over which a lord holds jurisdiction; a manor. What lands and lordships for their owner know My quondam barber. Dryden. 3. Dominion; power; authority. They which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them. Mark x. 42. Lore Lore (?), n. [F. lore, L. lorum thong.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The space between the eye and bill, in birds, and the corresponding region in reptiles and fishes. (b) The anterior portion of the cheeks of insects. Lore Lore, obs. imp. & p. p. of Lose. [See Lose.] Lost. <-- irregular pos-ety-def format --> Neither of them she found where she them lore. Spenser. Lore Lore, n. [OE. lore, lare, AS. l\'ber, fr. l to teach; akin to D. leer teaching, doctrine, G. lehre, Dan. l\'91re, Sw. l\'84ra. See Learn, and cf. Lere, v. t.] 1. That which is or may be learned or known; the knowledge gained from tradition, books, or experience; often, the whole body of knowledge possessed by a people or class of people, or pertaining to a particular subject; as, the lore of the Egyptians; priestly lore; legal lore; folklore. "The lore of war." Fairfax. His fair offspring, nursed in princely lore. Milton. 2. That which is taught; hence, instruction; wisdom; advice; counsel. Chaucer. If please ye, listen to my lore. Spenser. 3. Workmanship. [Obs.] Spenser. Loreal, Loral Lor"e*al (?), Lor"al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the lore; -- said of certain feathers of birds, scales of reptiles, etc. Lorel Lor"el (?), n. [Losel.] A good for nothing fellow; a vagabond. [Obs.] Chaucer. Loren Lor"en (?), obs. strong p. p. of Lose. Chaucer. Loresman Lores"man (?), n. [Lorelearning + man.] An instructor. [Obs.] Gower. Lorette Lo`rette" (?), n. [F.] In France, a name for a woman who is supported by her lovers, and devotes herself to idleness, show, and pleasure; -- so called from the church of Notre Dame de Lorette, in Paris, near which many of them resided. Lorettine Lo`ret*tine" (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) One of a order of nuns founded in 1812 at Loretto, in Kentucky. The members of the order (called also Sisters of Loretto, or Friends of Mary at the Foot of the Cross) devote themselves to the cause of education and the care of destitute orphans, their labors being chiefly confined to the Western United States. Lorgnette Lor`gnette" (?) n. [F.] An opera glass; pl. elaborate double eyeglasses. Lori Lo"ri (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Lory. Lorica Lo*ri"ca (?), n.; pl. Loric\'91 (#). [L., lit., a corselet of thongs, fr. lorum thong.] 1. (Anc. Armor) A cuirass, originally of leather, afterward of plates of metal or horn sewed on linen or the like. 2. (Chem.) Lute for protecting vessels from the fire. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The protective case or shell of an infusorian or rotifer. Loricata Lor`i*ca"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Loricata.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A suborder of edentates, covered with bony plates, including the armadillos. (b) The crocodilia. _________________________________________________________________ Page 870 Loricate Lor"i*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loricated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Loricating (?).] [L. loricatus, p. p. of loricare to clothe in mail, to cover with plastering, fr. lorica a leather cuirass, a plastering, fr. lorum thong.] To cover with some protecting substance, as with lute, a crust, coating, or plates. Loricate Lor"i*cate (?), a. [See Loricate, v.] Covered with a shell or exterior made of plates somewhat like a coat of mail, as in the armadillo. Loricate Lor"i*cate, n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal covered with bony scales, as crocodiles among reptiles, and the pangolins among mammals. Lorication Lor`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. loricatio.] The act of loricating; the protecting substance put on; a covering of scales or plates. Lorikeet Lor"i*keet (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one numerous species of small brush-tongued parrots or lories, found mostly in Australia, New Guinea and the adjacent islands, with some forms in the East Indies. They are arboreal in their habits and feed largely upon the honey of flowers. They belong to Trichoglossus, Loriculus, and several allied genera. Lorimer, Loriner Lor"i*mer (?), Lor"i*ner (?), n. [OF. lormier, loremier, fr. LL. loranum bridle, L. lorum thong, the rein of a bridle.] A maker of bits, spurs, and metal mounting for bridles and saddles; hence, a saddler. [Obs.] Holinshed. Loring Lor"ing (?), n. [See 3d Lore.] Instructive discourse. [Obs.] Spenser. Loriot Lo"ri*ot (?), n. [F., fr. OF. loriou, for l'oriol, , l' being the article. The same word as oriole. See Oriole.] (Zo\'94l.) The golden oriole of Europe. See Oriole. Loris Lo"ris (?), n. [Loris, or lori, the indigenous East Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small lemurs of the genus Stenops. They have long, slender limbs and large eyes, and are arboreal in their habits. The slender loris (S. gracilis), of Ceylon, in one of the best known species. [Written also lori.] Lorn Lorn (?), a. [Strong p. p. of Lose. See Lose, Forlorn.] 1. Lost; undone; ruined. [Archaic] If thou readest, thou art lorn. Sir W. Scott. 2. Forsaken; abandoned; solitary; bereft; as, a lone, lorn woman. Lorrie, Lorry Lor"rie, Lor"ry (?), n.; pl. Lorries (#). [Prob. from lurry to pull or lug.] A small cart or wagon, as those used on the tramways in mines to carry coal or rubbish; also, a barrow or truck for shifting baggage, as at railway stations.<-- (Brit.) now a motorized vehicle, esp. a large one, for transporting freight, called "truck" in the U.S. --> Lory Lo"ry (?), n.; pl. Lories (#). [Hind. & Malay. l\'d4r\'c6, n\'d4r\'c6.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of many species of small parrots of the family Trichoglossid\'91, generally having the tongue papillose at the tip, and the mandibles straighter and less toothed than in common parrots. They are found in the East Indies, Australia, New Guinea, and the adjacent islands. They feed mostly on soft fruits and on the honey of flowers. NOTE: &hand; Th e lo ry, or lo uri, of So uth Af rica is th e white-crested plantain eater or turacou. See Turacou. Los Los (?), n. Praise. See Loos. [Obs.] Chaucer. Losable Los"a*ble (?), a. Such as can be lost. Losange Los"ange (?), n. See Lozenge. Lose Lose (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Losing (?).] [OE. losien to loose, be lost, lose, AS. losian to become loose; akin to OE. leosen to lose, p. p. loren, lorn, AS. le\'a2san, p. p. loren (in comp.), D. verliezen, G. verlieren, Dan. forlise, Sw. f\'94rlisa, f\'94rlora, Goth. fraliusan, also to E. loose, a & v., L. luere to loose, Gr. l to cut. &root;127. Cf. Analysis, Palsy, Solve, Forlorn, Leasing, Loose, Loss.] 1. To part with unintentionally or unwillingly, as by accident, misfortune, negligence, penalty, forfeit, etc.; to be deprived of; as, to lose money from one's purse or pocket, or in business or gaming; to lose an arm or a leg by amputation; to lose men in battle. Fair Venus wept the sad disaster Of having lost her favorite dove. Prior. 2. To cease to have; to possess no longer; to suffer diminution of; as, to lose one's relish for anything; to lose one's health. If the salt hath lost his savor, wherewith shall it be salted ? Matt. v. 13. 3. Not to employ; to employ ineffectually; to throw away; to waste; to squander; as, to lose a day; to lose the benefits of instruction. The unhappy have but hours, and these they lose. Dryden. 4. To wander from; to miss, so as not to be able to and; to go astray from; as, to lose one's way. He hath lost his fellows. Shak 5. To ruin; to destroy; as destroy; as, the ship was lost on the ledge. The woman that deliberates is lost. Addison. 6. To be deprived of the view of; to cease to see or know the whereabouts of; as, he lost his companion in the crowd. Like following life thro' creatures you dissect, You lose it in the moment you detect. Pope . 7. To fail to obtain or enjoy; to fail to gain or win; hence, to fail to catch with the mind or senses; to miss; as, I lost a part of what he said. He shall in no wise lose his reward. Matt. x. 42. I fought the battle bravely which I lost, And lost it but to Macedonians. Dryden. 8. To cause to part with; to deprive of. [R.] How should you go about to lose him a wife he loves with so much passion ? Sir W. Temple. 9. To prevent from gaining or obtaining. O false heart ! thou hadst almost betrayed me to eternal flames, and lost me this glory. Baxter. To lose ground, to fall behind; to suffer gradual loss or disadvantage. -- To lose heart, to lose courage; to become timid. "The mutineers lost heart." Macaulay. -- To lose one's head, to be thrown off one's balance; to lose the use of one's good sense or judgment. In the excitement of such a discovery, many scholars lost their heads. Whitney. -- To lose one's self. (a) To forget or mistake the bearing of surrounding objects; as, to lose one's self in a great city. (b) To have the perceptive and rational power temporarily suspended; as, we lose ourselves in sleep. -- To lose sight of. (a) To cease to see; as, to lose sight of the land. (b) To overlook; to forget; to fail to perceive; as, he lost sight of the issue. Lose Lose (?), v. i. To suffer loss, disadvantage, or defeat; to be worse off, esp. as the result of any kind of contest. We 'll . . . hear poor rogues Talk of court news; and we'll talk with them too, Who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out. Shak. Losel Los"el (?), n. [From the root of lose, loss. Lorel.] One who loses by sloth or neglect; a worthless person; a lorel. [Archaic] Spenser. One sad losel soils a name for aye. Byron. Losel Los"el, a. Wasteful; slothful. Losenger Los"en*ger (?), n. [OF. losengier, losengeor, fr. losengier to deceive, flatter, losenge, flattery, Pr. lauzenga, fr. L. laus praise. Cf. Lozenge.] A flatterer; a deceiver; a cozener. [Obs.] Chaucer. To a fair pair of gallows, there to end their lives with shame, as a number of such other losengers had done. Holinshed. Losengerie Los"en*ger*ie (?), n. [OF.] Flattery; deceit; trickery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Loser Los"er (?), n. One who loses. South. Losing Lo"sing (?), a. [See Losenger.] Given to flattery or deceit; flattering; cozening. [Obs.] Amongst the many simoniacal that swarmed in the land, Herbert, Bishop of Thetford, must not be forgotten; nick-named Losing, that is, the Fratterer. Fuller. Losing Los"ing (?), a. [See Lose, v. t.] Causing or incurring loss; as, a losing game or business. Who strive sit out losing hands are lost. Herbert. Losingly Los"ing*ly (?), adv. In a manner to incur loss. Loss Loss (?), n. [AS. los loss, losing, fr. le\'a2san to lose. Lose, v. t.] 1. The act of losing; failure; destruction; privation; as, the loss of property; loss of money by gaming; loss of health or reputation. Assured loss before the match be played. Shak. 2. The state of losing or having lost; the privation, defect, misfortune, harm, etc., which ensues from losing. Though thou repent, yet I have still the loss. Shak 3. That which is lost or from which one has parted; waste; -- opposed to gain or increase; as, the loss of liquor by leakage was considerable. 4. The state of being lost or destroyed; especially, the wreck or foundering of a ship or other vessel. 5. Failure to gain or win; as, loss of a race or battle. 6. Failure to use advantageously; as, loss of time. 7. (Mil.) Killed, wounded, and captured persons, or captured property. 8. (Insurance) Destruction or diminution of value, if brought about in a manner provided for in the insurance contract (as destruction by fire or wreck, damage by water or smoke), or the death or injury of an insured person; also, the sum paid or payable therefor; as, the losses of the company this year amount to a million of dollars. To bear a loss, to make a loss good; also, to sustain a loss without sinking under it. -- To be at a loss, to be in a state of uncertainty. Syn. -- Privation; detriment; injury; damage. Lossful Loss"ful (?), a. Detrimental. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Lossless Loss"less, a. Free from loss. [Obs.] Milton. Lost Lost (?), a. [Prop. p. p. of OE. losien. See Lose, v. t.] 1. Parted with unwillingly or unintentionally; not to be found; missing; as, a lost book or sheep. 2. Parted with; no longer held or possessed; as, a lost limb; lost honor. 3. Not employed or enjoyed; thrown away; employed ineffectually; wasted; squandered; as, a lost day; a lost opportunity or benefit. 5. Having wandered from, or unable to find, the way; bewildered; perplexed; as, a child lost in the woods; a stranger lost in London. 6. Ruined or destroyed, either physically or morally; past help or hope; as, a ship lost at sea; a woman lost to virtue; a lost soul. 7. Hardened beyond sensibility or recovery; alienated; insensible; as, lost to shame; lost to all sense of honor. 8. Not perceptible to the senses; no longer visible; as, an island lost in a fog; a person lost in a crowd. 9. Occupied with, or under the influence of, something, so as to be insensible of external things; as, to be lost in thought. Lost motion (Mach.), the difference between the motion of a driver and that of a follower, due to the yielding of parts or looseness of joints. Lot Lot (?), n. [AS. hlot; akin to hle\'a2tan to cast lots, OS. hl lot, D. lot, G. loos, OHG. l, Icel. hlutr, Sw. lott, Dan. lod, Goth. hlauts. Cf. Allot, Lotto, Lottery.] 1. That which happens without human design or forethought; chance; accident; hazard; fortune; fate. But save my life, which lot before your foot doth lay. Spenser. 2. Anything (as a die, pebble, ball, or slip of paper) used in determining a question by chance, or without man's choice or will; as, to cast or draw lots. The lot is cast into the lap, but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Prov. xvi. 33. If we draw lots, he speeds. Shak. 3. The part, or fate, which falls to one, as it were, by chance, or without his planning. O visions ill foreseen! Each day's lot's Enough to bear. Milton. He was but born to try The lot of man -- to suffer and to die. Pope. 4. A separate portion; a number of things taken collectively; as, a lot of stationery; -- colloquially, sometimes of people; as, a sorry lot; a bad lot. I, this winter, met with a very large lot of English heads, chiefly of the reign of James I. Walpole. 5. A distinct portion or plot of land, usually smaller than a field; as, a building lot in a city. The defendants leased a house and lot in the city of New York. Kent. 6. A large quantity or number; a great deal; as, to spend a lot of money; lots of people think so. [Colloq.] He wrote to her . . . he might be detained in London by a lot of business. W. Black. 7. A prize in a lottery. [Obs.] Evelyn. To cast in one's lot with, to share the fortunes of. -- To cast lots, to use or throw a die, or some other instrument, by the unforeseen turn or position of which, an event is by previous agreement determined. -- To draw lots, to determine an event, or make a decision, by drawing one thing from a number whose marks are concealed from the drawer. -- To pay scot and lot, to pay taxes according to one's ability. See Scot. Lot Lot (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lotted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lotting (?).] To allot; to sort; to portion. [R.] To lot on OR upon, to count or reckon upon; to expect with pleasure. [Colloq. U. S.] Lote Lote (?), n. [L. lotus, Gr. Lotus.] (Bot.) A large tree (Celtis australis), found in the south of Europe. It has a hard wood, and bears a cherrylike fruit. Called also nettle tree. Eng. Cyc. Lote Lote, n. [F. lotte.] (Zo\'94l.) The European burbot. Lote Lote (?), v. i. [AS. lutian.] To lurk; to lie hid. [Obs.] Chaucer. Loth, a., Lothly, a. & adv., Lothsome Loth (?), a., Loth"ly, a. & adv., Loth"some (, a., See Loath, Loathly, etc. Lothario Lo*tha"ri*o (?), n. [Name of a character in Rowe's drama, "The Fair Penitent."] A gay seducer of women; a libertine. Lotion Lo"tion (?), n. [L. lotio, fr. lavare, lotum, to wash: cf. F. lotion. See Lave to wash.] 1. A washing, especially of the skin for the purpose of rendering it fair. 2. A liquid preparation for bathing the skin, or an injured or diseased part, either for a medicinal purpose, or for improving its appearance. Loto Lo"to (?), n. See Lotto. Lotong Lo*tong" (?), n. [Malay l.] (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian monkey (Semnopithecus femoralis). Lotophagi Lo*toph"a*gi (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) A people visited by Ulysses in his wanderings. They subsisted on the lotus. See Lotus (b), and Lotus-eater. Lotos Lo"tos (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) See Lotus. Lottery Lot"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Lotteries (#). [Lot + -ery, as in brewery, bindery.] 1. A scheme for the distribution of prizes by lot or chance; esp., a gaming scheme in which one or more tickets bearing particular numbers draw prizes, and the rest of tickets are blanks. Fig. : An affair of chance. NOTE: &hand; Th e la ws of th e Un ited St ates and of most of the States make lotteries illegal. <-- except those conducted by the states themselves --> 2. Allotment; thing allotted. [Obs.] Shak. Lotto Lot"to (?), n. [F. loto or It. lotto, prop., a lot; of German origin. See Lot.] A game of chance, played with cards, on which are inscribed numbers, and any contrivance (as a wheel containing numbered balls) for determining a set of numbers by chance. The player holding a card having on it the set of numbers drawn from the wheel takes the stakes after a certain percentage of them has been deducted for the dealer. A variety of lotto is called keno. [Often written loto.] Loture Lo"ture (?), n. [L. lotura. See Lotion.] See Lotion. [Obs.] Holland. Lotus Lo"tus (?), n. [L. lotus, Gr. Lote.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A name of several kinds of water lilies; as Nelumbium speciosum, used in religious ceremonies, anciently in Egypt, and to this day in Asia; Nelumbium luteum, the American lotus; and Nymph\'91a Lotus and N. c\'91rulea, the respectively white-flowered and blue-flowered lotus of modern Egypt, which, with Nelumbium speciosum, are figured on its ancient monuments. (b) The lotus of the lotuseaters, probably a tree found in Northern Africa, Sicily, Portugal, and Spain (Zizyphus Lotus), the fruit of which is mildly sweet. It was fabled by the ancients to make strangers who ate of it forget their native country, or lose all desire to return to it. (c) The lote, or nettle tree. See Lote. (d) A genus (Lotus) of leguminous plants much resembling clover. [Written also lotos.] European lotus, a small tree (Diospyros Lotus) of Southern Europe and Asia; also, its rather large bluish black berry, which is called also the date plum. _________________________________________________________________ Page 871 2. (Arch.) An ornament much used in Egyptian architecture, generally asserted to have been suggested by the Egyptian water lily. Lotus-eater, Lotos-eater Lo"tus-eat`er (?), Lo"tos-eat`er (?), n. (Class. Myth.) One who ate the fruit or leaf of the lotus, and, as a consequence, gave himself up to indolence and daydreams; one of the Lotophagi. The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters. Tennyson. Louchettes Lou*chettes" (?), n. pl. [F.] Goggles intended to rectify strabismus by permitting vision only directly in front. Knight. Loud Loud (?), a. [Compar. Louder (?); superl. Loudest.] [OE. loud, lud, AS. hl; akin to OS. hl, D. luid, OHG. l, G. laut, L. -clutus, in inclutus, inclitus, celebrated, renowned, cluere to be called, Gr. . Client, Listen, Slave a serf.] 1. Having, making, or being a strong or great sound; noisy; striking the ear with great force; as, a loud cry; loud thunder. They were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be crucified. Luke xxiii. 23. 2. Clamorous; boisterous. She is loud and stubborn. Prov. vii. 11. 3. Emphatic; impressive; urgent; as, a loud call for united effort. [Colloq.] 4. Ostentatious; likely to attract attention; gaudy; as, a loud style of dress; loud colors. [Slang] Syn. -- Noisy; boisterous; vociferous; clamorous; obstreperous; turbulent; blustering; vehement. Loud Loud, adv. [AS. hl&umac;de.] With loudness; loudly. To speak loud in public assemblies. Addison. Loudful Loud"ful (?), a. Noisy. [Obs.] Marsion. Loudly Loud"ly, adv. In a loud manner. Denham. Loud-mouthed Loud"-mouthed` (?), a. Having a loud voice; talking or sounding noisily; noisily impudent. Loudness Loud"ness, n. The quality or state of being loud. Loud-voiced Loud"-voiced` (?), a. Having a loud voice; noisy; clamorous. Byron. Lough Lough (?), n. [See 1st Loch.] A loch or lake; -- so spelt in Ireland. Lough Lough (?), obs. strong imp. of Laugh. Chaucer. Louis d'or Lou"is d'or` (?). [F., gold louis.] Formerly, a gold coin of France nominally worth twenty shillings sterling, but of varying value; -- first struck in 1640. Lonis quatorze Lon"is qua*torze" (?). [F., Louis fourteenth.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the art or style of the times of Louis XIV. of France; as, Louis quatorze architecture. Louk Louk (?), n. An accomplice; a "pal." [Obs.] There is no thief without a louk. Chaucer. Lounge Lounge (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lounged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lounging (?).] [OE. lungis a tall, slow, awkward fellow, OF. longis, longin, said to be fr. Longinus, the name of the centurion who pierced the body of Christ, but with reference also to L. longus long. Cf. Long, a.] To spend time lazily, whether lolling or idly sauntering; to pass time indolently; to stand, sit, or recline, in an indolent manner. We lounge over the sciences, dawdle through literature, yawn over politics. J. Hannay. Lounge Lounge, n. 1. An idle gait or stroll; the state of reclining indolently; a place of lounging. She went with Lady Stock to a bookseller's whose shop lounge. Miss Edgeworth. 2. A piece of furniture resembling a sofa, upon which one may lie or recline. Lounger Loun"ger (?), n. One who lounges; ar idler. Loup Loup (?), n. (Iron Works) See 1st Loop. Loup-cervier Loup"-cer`vier" (?), n. [F. Cf. Lusern.] (Zo\'94l.) The Canada lynx. See Lynx. Loup-loup Loup`-loup" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) The Pomeranian or Spitz dog. Loups Loups (?), n. pl.; sing. Loup. [F., prop., a wolf.] (Ethnol.) The Pawnees, a tribe of North American Indians whose principal totem was the wolf. Lour Lour (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An Asiatic sardine (Clupea Neohowii), valued for its oil. Louri Lou"ri (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Lory. Louse Louse (?), n.; pl. Lice (#). [OE. lous, AS. l, pl. l; akin to D. luis, G. laus, OHG. l, Icel. l, Sw. lus, Dan. luus; perh. so named because it is destructive, and akin to E. lose, loose.] (Zo\'94l.) 1. Any one of numerous species of small, wingless, suctorial, parasitic insects belonging to a tribe (Pediculina), now usually regarded as degraded Hemiptera. To this group belong of the lice of man and other mammals; as, the head louse of man (Pediculus capitis), the body louse (P. vestimenti), and the crab louse (Phthirius pubis), and many others. See Crab louse, Dog louse, Cattle louse, etc., under Crab, Dog, etc. 2. Any one of numerous small mandibulate insects, mostly parasitic on birds, and feeding on the feathers. They are known as Mallophaga, or bird lice, though some occur on the hair of mammals. They are usually regarded as degraded Pseudoneuroptera. See Mallophaga. 3. Any one of the numerous species of aphids, or plant lice. See Aphid. 4. Any small crustacean parasitic on fishes. See Branchiura, and Ichthvophthira. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is also applied to various other parasites; as, the whale louse, beelouse, horse louse. Louse fly (Zo\'94l.), a parasitic dipterous insect of the group Pupipara. Some of them are wingless, as the bee louse. -- Louse mite (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of mites which infest mammals and birds, clinging to the hair and feathers like lice. They belong to Myobia, Dermaleichus, Mycoptes, and several other genera. Louse Louse (?), v. t. To clean from lice. "You sat and loused him." Swift. Lousewort Louse"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any species of Pedicularis, a genus of perennial herbs. It was said to make sheep that fed on it lousy. Yellow lousewort , a plant of the genus Rhinanthus. Lousily Lous"i*ly (?), adv. [From Lousy.] In a lousy manner; in a mean, paltry manner; scurvily. [Vulgar] Lousiness Lous"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being lousy. Lousy Lous"y (?), a. 1. Infested with lice. 2. Mean; contemptible; as, lousy knave. [Vulgar]<-- informal but common(1950-96) --> Such lousy learning as this is. Bale. <-- 3. very bad [RH2: "wretchedly bad"]. To feel lousy; to do a lousy job. --> Lout Lout (?), v. i. [OE. louten, luten, AS. l; akin to Icel. l, Dan. lude, OHG. l to lie hid.] To bend; to box; to stoop. [Archaic] Chaucer. Longfellow. He fair the knight saluted, louting low. Spenser. Lout Lout, n. [Formerly also written lowt.] A clownish, awkward fellow; a bumpkin. Sir P. Sidney. Lout Lout, v. t. To treat as a lout or fool; to neglect; to disappoint. [Obs.] Shak. Loutish Lout"ish, a. Clownish; rude; awkward. "Loutish clown." Sir P. Sidney. -- Lout"ish*ly, adv. -- Lout"*ish*ness, n. Loutou Lou*tou" (?), n. [Native names.] (Zo\'94l.) A crested black monkey (Semnopithecus maurus) of Java. Louver, Louvre Lou"ver, Lou"vre (?), n. [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. Overt.] (Arch.) A small lantern. See Lantern, 2 (a) [Written also lover, loover, lovery, and luffer.] <-- 2. same as louver boards; (b) a set of slats resembling louver boards, arranged in a vertical row and attached at each slat end to a frame inserted in a door or window; the slats may be made of wood, plastic, or metal, and the angle of inclination of the slats may be adjustable simultaneously, to allow more or less light or air into the enclosure. --> Louver boards OR boarding, the sloping boards set to shed rainwater outward in openings which are to be left otherwise unfilled; as belfry windows, the openings of a louver, etc. -- Louver work, slatted work. <-- Louver, v. to supply with louvers; louvered doors, louvered windows --> Lovable Lov"a*ble (?), a. Having qualities that excite, or are fitted to excite, love; worthy of love. Elaine the fair, Elaine the lovable, Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat. Tennyson. Lovage Lov"age (?), n. [F. liv\'8ache, fr. L. levisticum, ligusticum, a plant indigenous to Liguria, lovage, from Ligusticus Ligustine, Ligurian, Liguria a country of Cisalpine Gaul.] (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Levisticum officinale), sometimes used in medicine as an aromatic stimulant. Love Love (?), n. [OE. love, luve, AS. lufe, lufu; akin to E.lief, believe, L. lubet, libet,it pleases, Skr. lubh to be lustful. See Lief.] 1. A feeling of strong attachment induced by that which delights or commands admiration; pre\'89minent kindness or devotion to another; affection; tenderness; as, the love of brothers and sisters. Of all the dearest bonds we prove Thou countest sons' and mothers' love Most sacred, most Thine own. Keble. 2. Especially, devoted attachment to, or tender or passionate affection for, one of the opposite sex. He on his side Leaning half-raised, with looks of cordial love Hung over her enamored. Milton. 3. Courtship; -- chiefly in the phrase to make love, i. e., to court, to woo, to solicit union in marriage. Demetrius . . . Made love to Nedar's daughter, Helena, And won her soul. Shak. 4. Affection; kind feeling; friendship; strong liking or desire; fondness; good will; -- opposed to hate; often with of and an object. Love, and health to all. Shak. Smit with the love of sacred song. Milton. The love of science faintly warmed his breast. Fenton. 5. Due gratitude and reverence to God. Keep yourselves in the love of God. Jude 21. 6. The object of affection; -- often employed in endearing address. "Trust me, love." Dryden. Open the temple gates unto my love. Spenser. 7. Cupid, the god of love; sometimes, Venus. Such was his form as painters, when they show Their utmost art, on naked Lores bestow. Dryden. Therefore do nimble-pinioned doves draw Love. Shak. 8. A thin silk stuff. [Obs.] Boyle. 9. (Bot.) A climbing species of Clematis (C. Vitalba). 10. Nothing; no points scored on one side; -- used in counting score at tennis, etc. He won the match by three sets to love. The Field. NOTE: &hand; Lo ve is often used in the formation of compounds, in most of which the meaning is very obvious; as, love-cracked, love-darting, love-killing, love-linked, love-taught, etc. A labor of love, a labor undertaken on account of regard for some person, or through pleasure in the work itself, without expectation of reward. -- Free love, the doctrine or practice of consorting with one of the opposite sex, at pleasure, without marriage. See Free love. -- Free lover, one who avows or practices free love. -- In love, in the act of loving; -- said esp. of the love of the sexes; as, to be in love; to fall in love. -- Love apple (Bot.), the tomato. -- Love bird (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small, short-tailed parrots, or parrakeets, of the genus Agapornis, and allied genera. They are mostly from Africa. Some species are often kept as cage birds, and are celebrated for the affection which they show for their mates. -- Love broker, a person who for pay acts as agent between lovers, or as a go-between in a sexual intrigue. Shak. -- Love charm, a charm for exciting love. Ld. Lytton. -- Love child. an illegitimate child. Jane Austen. -- Love day, a day formerly appointed for an amicable adjustment of differences. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer. -- Love drink, a love potion; a philter. Chaucer. -- Love favor, something given to be worn in token of love. -- Love feast, a religious festival, held quarterly by some religious denominations, as the Moravians and Methodists, in imitation of the agap\'91 of the early Christians. -- Love feat, the gallant act of a lover. Shak. -- Love game, a game, as in tennis, in which the vanquished person or party does not score a point. -- Love grass. [G. liebesgras.] (Bot.) Any grass of the genus Eragrostis. -- Love-in-a-mist. (Bot.) (a) An herb of the Buttercup family (Nigella Damascena) having the flowers hidden in a maze of finely cut bracts. (b) The West Indian Passiflora f\'d2tida, which has similar bracts. -- Love-in-idleness (Bot.), a kind of violet; the small pansy. A little western flower, Before milk-white, now purple with love's wound; And maidens call it love-in-idleness. Shak. -- Love juice, juice of a plant supposed to produce love. Shak. -- Love knot, a knot or bow, as of ribbon; -- so called from being used as a token of love, or as a pledge of mutual affection. Milman. -- Love lass, a sweetheart. -- Love letter, a letter of courtship. Shak. -- Love-lies-bleeding (Bot.), a species of amaranth (Amarantus melancholicus). -- Love match, a marriage brought about by love alone. -- Love potion, a compounded draught intended to excite love, or venereal desire. -- Love rites, sexual intercourse. Pope -- Love scene, an exhibition of love, as between lovers on the stage. -- Love suit, courtship. Shak. -- Of all loves, for the sake of all love; by all means. [Obs.] "Mrs. Arden desired him of all loves to come back again." Holinshed. -- The god of love, OR Love god, Cupid. -- To make love to, to express affection for; to woo. "If you will marry, make your loves to me." Shak. -- To play for love, to play a game, as at cards, without stakes. "A game at piquet for love." Lamb. Syn. -- Affection; friendship; kindness; tenderness; fondness; delight. Love Love (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Loved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Loving.] [AS. lufian. Love, n.] 1. To have a feeling of love for; to regard with affection or good will; as, to love one's children and friends; to love one's country; to love one's God. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. Matt. xxii. 37. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy self. Matt. xxii. 39. 2. To regard with passionate and devoted affection, as that of one sex for the other. 3. To take delight or pleasure in; to have a strong liking or desire for, or interest in; to be pleased with; to like; as, to love books; to love adventures. Wit, eloquence, and poetry. Arts which I loved. Cowley. Love Love, v. i. To have the feeling of love; to be in love. Loveable Love"a*ble (?), a. See Lovable. Lovedrury Love"*dru`ry, n. [Love + OF. druerie. Cf. Druery.] Affection. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lovee Lov*ee" (?), n. One who is loved. [Humorous] "The lover and lovee." Richardson. Loveful Love"ful (?), a. Full of love. [Obs.] Sylvester. Loveless Love"less, a. 1. Void of love; void of tenderness or kindness. Milton. Shelton. 2. Not attracting love; unattractive. These are ill-favored to see to; and yet, asloveless as they be, they are not without some medicinable virtues. Holland. Lovelily Love"li*ly (?), adv. [From Lovely.] In manner to excite love; amiably. [R.] Otway. Loveliness Love"li*ness, n. [From Lovely.] The state or quality of being lovely. If there is such a native loveliness in the sex as to make them victorious when in the wrong, how resistless their power when they are on the side of truth! Spectator. Lovelock Love"lock` (?), n. A long lock of hair hanging prominently by itself; an earlock; -- worn by men of fashion in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. Burton. A long lovelock and long hair he wore. Sir W. Scott. Lovelorn Love"lorn` (?), a. Forsaken by one's love. The lovelorn nightingale. Milton. Lovely Love"ly (?), a. [Compar. Lovelier (?); superl. Loveliest.] [AS. luflic.] 1. Having such an appearance as excites, or is fitted to excite, love; beautiful; charming; very pleasing in form, looks, tone, or manner. "Lovely to look on." Piers Plowman. Not one so fair of face, of speech so lovely. Robert of Brunne. If I had such a tire, this face of mine Were full as lovely as is this of hers. Shak. 2. Lovable; amiable; having qualities of any kind which excite, or are fitted to excite, love or friendship. A most lovely gentlemanlike man. Shak. 3. Loving; tender. [Obs.] "A lovely kiss." Shak. Many a lovely look on them he cast. Chaucer. 4. Very pleasing; -- applied loosely to almost anything which is not grand or merely pretty; as, a lovely view; a lovely valley; a lovely melody. Indeed these fields Are lovely, lovelier not the Elysian lawns. Tennyson. Syn. -- Beautiful; charming; delightful; delectable; enchanting; lovable; amiable. Lovely Love"ly, adv. In a manner to please, or to excite love. [Obs. or R.] Tyndale. Love-making Love"-mak`ing (?), n. Courtship. Bacon. Lovemonger Love"mon`ger (?), n. One who deals in affairs of love.[Obs.] Shak. Lover Lov"er (?), n. 1. One who loves; one who is in love; -- usually limited, in the singular, to a person of the male sex. Gower. Love is blind, and lovers can not see The pretty follies that themselves commit. Shak. 2. A friend; one strongly attached to another; one who greatly desires the welfare of any person or thing; as, a lover of his country. I slew my best lover for the good of Rome. Shak. 3. One who has a strong liking for anything, as books, science, or music. "A lover of knowledge." T. Burnet. ______________________________________________________________ Page 872 Lover, Lovery Lo"ver (?), Lo"ver*y (?), n. See Louver. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Loverwise Lo"ver*wise` (?), adv. As lovers do. As they sat down here loverwise. W. D. Howells. Love-sick Love"-sick` (?), a. 1. Languishing with love or amorous desire; as, a love-sick maid. To the dear mistress of my love-sick mind. Dryden. 2. Originating in, or expressive of, languishing love. Where nightingales their love-sick ditty sing. Dryden. Love-sickness Love"-sick`ness, n. The state of being love-sick. Lovesome Love"some (?), a. [AS. lufsum.] Lovely. [Obs.] Loving Lov"ing (?), a. 1. Affectionate. The fairest and most loving wife in Greece. Tennyson. 2. Expressing love or kindness; as, loving words. Loving-kindness Lov"ing-kind"ness (?), n. Tender regard; mercy; favor. Ps. lxxxix. 33. Lovingly Lov"ing*ly, adv. With love; affectionately. Lovingness Lov"ing*ness, n. Affection; kind regard. The only two bands of good will, loveliness and lovingness. Sir. P. Sidney. Lovyer Lov"yer (?), n. A lover. [Obs.] Chaucer. Low Low (?), obs, strong imp. of Laugh. Chaucer. Low Low (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lowing.] [OE. lowen, AS. hl; akin to D. loeijen, OHG. hl, hluojan.] To make the calling sound of cows and other bovine animals; to moo. The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray. Low Low, n. The calling sound ordinarily made by cows and other bovine animals. Talking voices and the law of herds. Wordsworth. Low Low, n. [AS. hl\'bew; akin to Goth. hlaiw a grave, hlains a hill, and to E. lean to incline.] A hill; a mound; a grave. [Obs. except in place names.] Skeat. Low Low (?), n. [Icel. log, logi; akin to E. light, n.] Fire; a flame; a light. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Low Low, v. i. To burn; to blaze. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns. Low Low (?), a. [Compar. Lower (?); superl. Lowest.] [OE. low, louh, lah, Icel. l\'begr; akin to Sw. l\'86g, Dan. lav, D. laag, and E. lie. See Lie to be prostrate.] 1. Occupying an inferior position or place; not high or elevated; depressed in comparison with something else; as, low ground; a low flight. 2. Not rising to the usual height; as, a man of low stature; a low fence. 3. Near the horizon; as, the sun is low at four o'clock in winter, and six in summer. 4. Sunk to the farthest ebb of the tide; as, low tide. 5. Beneath the usual or remunerative rate or amount, or the ordinary value; moderate; cheap; as, the low price of corn; low wages. 6. Not loud; as, a low voice; a low sound. 7. (Mus.) Depressed in the scale of sounds; grave; as, a low pitch; a low note. 8. (Phon.) Made, as a vowel, with a low position of part of the tongue in relation to the palate; as, . See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 5, 10, 11. 9. Near, or not very distant from, the equator; as, in the low northern latitudes. 10. Numerically small; as, a low number. 11. Wanting strength or animation; depressed; dejected; as, low spirits; low in spirits. 12. Depressed in condition; humble in rank; as, men of low condition; the lower classes. Why but to keep ye low and ignorant ? Milton. 13. Mean; vulgar; base; dishonorable; as, a person of low mind; a low trick or stratagem. 14. Not elevated or sublime; not exalted or diction; as, a low comparison. In comparison of these divine writers, the noblest wits of the heathen world are low and dull. Felton. 15. Submissive; humble. "Low reverence." Milton. 16. Deficient in vital energy; feeble; weak; as, a low pulse; made low by sickness. 17. Moderate; not intense; not inflammatory; as, low heat; a low temperature; a low fever. 18. Smaller than is reasonable or probable; as, a low estimate. 19. Not rich, high seasoned, or nourishing; plain; simple; as, a low diet. NOTE: &hand; Lo w is often used in the formation of compounds which require no special explanation; as, low-arched, low- browed, low-crowned, low-heeled, low-lying, low-priced, low-roofed, low-toned, low-voiced, and the like. Low Church. See High Church, under High. -- Low Countries, the Netherlands. -- Low German, Low Latin, etc. See under German, Latin, etc. -- Low life, humble life. -- Low milling, a process of making flour from grain by a single grinding and by siftings. -- Low relief. See Bas-relief. -- Low side window (Arch.), a peculiar form of window common in medi\'91val churches, and of uncertain use. Windows of this sort are narrow, near the ground, and out of the line of the windows, and in many different situations in the building. -- Low spirits, despondency. -- Low steam, steam having a low pressure. -- Low steel, steel which contains only a small proportion of carbon, and can not be hardened greatly by sudden cooling. -- Low Sunday, the Sunday next after Easter; -- popularly so called. -- Low tide, the farthest ebb of the tide; the tide at its lowest point; low water. -- Low water. (a) The lowest point of the ebb tide; a low stage of the in a river, lake, etc. (b) (Steam Boiler) The condition of an insufficient quantity of water in the boiler. -- Low water alarm OR indicator (Steam Boiler), a contrivance of various forms attached to a boiler for giving warning when the water is low. -- Low water mark, that part of the shore to which the waters recede when the tide is the lowest. Bouvier. -- Low wine, a liquor containing about 20 percent of alcohol, produced by the first distillation of wash; the first run of the still; -- often in the plural. Low Low, n. (Card Playing) The lowest trump, usually the deuce; the lowest trump dealt or drawn. Low Low, adv. 1. In a low position or manner; not aloft; not on high; near the ground. 2. Under the usual price; at a moderate price; cheaply; as, he sold his wheat low. 3. In a low mean condition; humbly; meanly. 4. In time approaching our own. In that part of the world which was first inhabited, even as low down as Abraham's time, they wandered with their flocks and herds. Locke. 5. With a low voice or sound; not loudly; gently; as, to speak low. Addison. The . . . odorous wind Breathes low between the sunset and the moon. Tennyson. 6. With a low musical pitch or tone. Can sing both high and low. Shak. 7. In subjection, poverty, or disgrace; as, to be brought low by oppression, by want, or by vice. Spenser. 8. (Astron.) In a path near the equator, so that the declination is small, or near the horizon, so that the altitude is small; -- said of the heavenly bodies with reference to the diurnal revolution; as, the moon runs low, that is, is comparatively near the horizon when on or near the meridian. Low Low (?), v. t. To depress; to lower. [Obs.] Swift. Lowbell Low"bell` (?), n. [Low a flame + bell.] 1. A bell used in fowling at night, to frighten birds, and, with a sudden light, to make them fly into a net. The fowler's lowbell robs the lark of sleep. King. 2. A bell to be hung on the neck of a sheep. A lowbell hung about a sheep's . . . neck. Howell. Lowbell Low"bell`, v. t. To frighten, as with a lowbell. Lowborn Low"born` (?), a. Born in a low condition or rank; -- opposed to highborn. Lowbred Low"bred` (?), a. Bred, or like one bred, in a low condition of life; characteristic or indicative of such breeding; rude; impolite; vulgar; as, a lowbred fellow; a lowbred remark. Low-church Low"-church` (?), a. Not placing a high estimate on ecclesiastical organizations or forms; -- applied especially to Episcopalians, and opposed to high-church. See High Church, under High. Low-churchism Low"-church`ism (?), n. The principles of the low-church party. Low-churchman Low"-church`man (?), n.; pl. -men (. One who holds low-church principles. Low-churchmanship Low"-church`man*ship, n. The state of being a low-churchman. Lower Low"er (?), a. Compar. of Low, a. <-- irregular format --> Lower Low"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lowering.] [From Low, a.] 1. To let descend by its own weight, as something suspended; to let down; as, to lower a bucket into a well; to lower a sail or a boat; sometimes, to pull down; as, to lower a flag. Lowered softly with a threefold cord of love Down to a silent grave. Tennyson. 2. To reduce the height of; as, to lower a fence or wall; to lower a chimney or turret. 3. To depress as to direction; as, to lower the aim of a gun; to make less elevated as to object; as, to lower one's ambition, aspirations, or hopes. 4. To reduce the degree, intensity, strength, etc., of; as, to lower the temperature of anything; to lower one's vitality; to lower distilled liquors. 5. To bring down; to humble; as, to lower one's pride. 6. To reduce in value, amount, etc. ; as, to lower the price of goods, the rate of interest, etc. Lower Low"er, v. i. To fall; to sink; to grow less; to diminish; to decrease; as, the river lowered as rapidly as it rose. Lower Low"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lowering.] [OE. lowren, luren; cf. D. loeren, LG. luren. G. lauern to lurk, to be on the watch, and E. leer, lurk.] 1. To be dark, gloomy, and threatening, as clouds; to be covered with dark and threatening clouds, as the sky; to show threatening signs of approach, as a tempest. All the clouds that lowered upon our house. Shak. 2. To frown; to look sullen. But sullen discontent sat lowering on her face. Dryden. Lower Low"er, n. [Obs.] 1. Cloudiness; gloominess. 2. A frowning; sullenness. Lower-case Low"er-case` (?), a. (Print.) Pertaining to, or kept in, the lower case; -- used to denote the small letters, in distinction from capitals and small capitals. See the Note under 1st Case, n., 3. Lowering Low"er*ing (?), a. Dark and threatening; gloomy; sullen; as, lowering clouds or sky. Loweringly Low"er*ing*ly, adv. In a lowering manner; with cloudiness or threatening gloom. Lowermost Low"er*most` (?), a. [Irreg. superl. of Low. Cf. Uppermost, Foremost, etc.] Lowest. Lowery Low"er*y (?), a. Cloudy; gloomy; lowering; as, a lowery sky; lowery weather. Lowgh, Lowh Lowgh (?), Lowh, obs. strong imp. of Laugh. [Cf. 1st Low and 2d Lough.] <-- irregular format --> Chaucer. Lowing Low"ing (?), n. The calling sound made by cows and other bovine animals. Lowish Low"ish, a. Somewhat low. [Colloq.] Richardson. Lowk Lowk (?), n. See Louk. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lowland Low"land (?), n. Land which is low with respect to the neighboring country; a low or level country; -- opposed to highland. The Lowlands, Belgium and Holland; the Netherlands; also, the southern part of Scotland. Lowlander Low"land*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of the Lowlands, especially of the Lowlands of Scotland, as distinguished from Highlander. Lowlihood, Lowlihead Low"li*hood (?), Low"li*head (?), n. A lowly state. [R.] Tennyson. Lowlily Low"li*ly, adv. In a lowly place or manner; humbly. [Obs. or R.] Thinking lowlily of himself and highly of those better than himself. J. C. Shairp. Lowliness Low"li*ness, n. [From Lowly.] 1. The state or quality of being lowly; humility; humbleness of mind. Walk . . . with all lowliness and meekness. Eph. iv. 1, 2. 2. Low condition, especially as to manner of life. The lowliness of my fortune has not brought me to flatter vice. Dryden. Low-lived Low"-lived` (?), a. Characteristic of, or like, one bred in a low and vulgar condition of life; mean dishonorable; contemptible; as, low-lived dishonesty. Lowly Low"ly (?), a. [Compar. Lowlier (?); superl. Lowliest.] [Low, a. + -ly.] 1. Not high; not elevated in place; low. "Lowly lands." Dryden. 2. Low in rank or social importance. One common right the great and lowly claims. Pope. 3. Not lofty or sublime; humble. These rural poems, and their lowly strain. Dryden. 4. Having a low esteem of one's own worth; humble; meek; free from pride. Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart. Matt. xi. 29. Lowly Low"ly, adv. 1. In a low manner; humbly; meekly; modestly. "Be lowly wise." Milton. 2. In a low condition; meanly. I will show myself highly fed, and lowly taught. Shak. Low-minded Low"-mind`ed (?), a. Inclined in mind to low or unworthy things; showing a base mind. Low-minded and immoral. Macaulay. All old religious jealousies were condemned as low-minded infirmities. Bancroft. Low-mindedness Low"-mind`ed*ness, n. The quality of being lowminded; meanness; baseness. Lown Lown (?), n. [See Loon.] A low fellow. [Obs.] Low-necked Low"-necked` (?), a. Cut low in the neck; decollete; -- said of a woman's dress. Lowness Low"ness, n. The state or quality of being low. Low-pressure Low"-pres`sure (?), a. Having, employing, or exerting, a low degree of pressure. Low-pressure steam engine, a steam engine in which low steam is used; often applied to a condensing engine even when steam at high pressure is used. See Steam engine. Lowry Low"ry (?), n. An open box car used on railroads. Compare Lorry. Low-spirited Low"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Deficient in animation and courage; dejected; depressed; not sprightly. -- Low"-spir`it*ed*ness, n. Low-studded Low"-stud`ded (?), a. Furnished or built with short studs; as, a low-studded house or room. Low-thoughted Low"-thought`ed (?), a. Having one's thoughts directed toward mean or insignificant subjects. Loxodromic Lox`o*drom"ic (?), a. [Gr. loxodromique.] Pertaining to sailing on rhumb lines; as, loxodromic tables. Loxodromic curve OR line (Geom.), a line on the surface of a sphere, which always makes an equal angle with every meridian; the rhumb line. It is the line on which a ship sails when her course is always in the direction of one and the same point of the compass. Loxodromics Lox`o*drom"ics (?), n. The art or method of sailing on the loxodromic or rhumb line. Loxodremism Lox*od"re*mism (?), n. The act or process of tracing a loxodromic curve; the act of moving as if in a loxodromic curve. Loxodromy Lox*od"ro*my (?), n. [Cf. F. loxodromic.] The science of loxodromics. [R.] Loy Loy (?), n. A long, narrow spade for stony lands. Loyal Loy"al (?), a. [F. loyal, OF. loial, leial, L. legalis, fr. lex, legis, law. See Legal, and cf. Leal.] 1. Faithful to law; upholding the lawful authority; faithful and true to the lawful government; faithful to the prince or sovereign to whom one is subject; unswerving in allegiance. Welcome, sir John ! But why come you in arms ? - To help King Edward in his time of storm, As every loyal subject ought to do. Shak. 2. True to any person or persons to whom one owes fidelity, especially as a wife to her husband, lovers to each other, and friend to friend; constant; faithful to a cause or a principle. Your true and loyal wife. Shak. Unhappy both, but loyaltheir loves. Dryden. Loyalist Loy"al*ist, n. A person who adheres to his sovereign or to the lawful authority; especially, one who maintains his allegiance to his prince or government, and defends his cause in times of revolt or revolution. Loyally Loy"al*ly, adv. In a loyal manner; faithfully. Loyalness Loy"al*ness, n. Loyalty. [R.] Stow. Loyally Loy"al*ly (?), n. [Cf. F. loyaute. See Loyal, and cf. Legality.] The state or quality of being loyal; fidelity to a superior, or to duty, love, etc. He had such loyalty to the king as the law required. Clarendon. Not withstanding all the subtle bait With which those Amazons his love still craved, To his one love his loyalty he saved. Spenser. NOTE: &hand; "L oyalty . . . ex presses, properly, that fidelity which one owes according to law, and does not necessarily include that attachment to the royal person, which, happily, we in England have been able further to throw into the word." Trench. Syn. -- Allegiance; fealty. See Allegiance. Lozenge Loz"enge (?), n. [F. lozange, losange; perh. the same as OF. losengef flattery, praise, the heraldic sense being the oldest (cf. E. hatchment, blazon). Cf. Losenger, Laudable.] 1. (Her.) (a) A diamond-shaped figure usually with the upper and lower angles slightly acute, borne upon a shield or escutcheon. Cf. Fusil. (b) A form of the escutcheon used by women instead of the shield which is used by men. 2. A figure with four equal sides, having two acute and two obtuse angles; a rhomb. 3. Anything in the form of lozenge. 4. A small cake of sugar and starch, flavored, and often medicated. -- originally in the form of a lozenge. Lozenge coach, the coach of a dowager, having her coat of arms painted on a lozenge. [Obs.] Walpole. -- Lozenge-molding (Arch.), a kind of molding, used in Norman architecture, characterized by lozenge-shaped ornaments. _________________________________________________________________ Page 873 Lozenged, Lozenge-shaped Loz"enged (?), Loz"enge-shaped` (?), a. Having the form of a lozenge or rhomb. The lozenged panes of a very small latticed window. C. Bront\'82. Lozengy Loz"en*gy (?), a. [F. losang\'82. See Lozenge.] (Her.) Divided into lozenge-shaped compartments, as the field or a bearing, by lines drawn in the direction of the bend sinister. Lu Lu (?), n. & v. t. See Loo. Lubbard Lub"bard (?), n. [See Lubber.] A lubber. [Obs.] Swift. Lubbard Lub"bard, a. Lubberly. Lubber Lub"ber (?), n. [Cf. dial. Sw. lubber. See Looby, Lob.] A heavy, clumsy, or awkward fellow; a sturdy drone; a clown. Lingering lubbers lose many a penny. Tusser. Land lubber, a name given in contempt by sailors to a person who lives on land. -- Lubber grasshopper (Zo\'94l.), a large, stout, clumsy grasshopper; esp., Brachystola magna, from the Rocky Mountain plains, and Romalea microptera, which is injurious to orange trees in Florida. -- Lubber's hole (Naut.), a hole in the floor of the "top," next the mast, through which sailors may go aloft without going over the rim by the futtock shrouds. It is considered by seamen as only fit to be used by lubbers. Totten. -- Lubber's line, point, OR mark, a line or point in the compass case indicating the head of the ship, and consequently the course which the ship is steering. Lubberly Lub"ber*ly, a. Like a lubber; clumsy. A great lubberly boy. Shak. Lubberly Lub"ber*ly, adv. Clumsily; awkwardly. Dryden. Lubric, Lubrical Lu"bric (?), Lu"bric*al (?), a. [L. lubricus: cf. F. lubrique.] 1. Having a smooth surface; slippery. [R.] 2. Lascivious; wanton; lewd. [R.] This lubric and adulterate age. Dryden. Lubricant Lu"bri*cant (?), a. [L. lubricans, p. pr. of lubricare, See Lubricate.] Lubricating. Lubricant Lu"bri*cant, n. That which lubricates; specifically, a substance, as oil, grease, plumbago, etc., used for reducing the friction of the working parts of machinery. Lubricate Lu"bri*cate (?), v. t. [L. lubricatus, p. p. of lubricare to lubricate. See Lubric.] 1. To make smooth or slippery; as, mucilaginous and saponaceous remedies lubricate the parts to which they are applied. S. Sharp. Supples, lubricates, and keeps in play, The various movements of this nice machine. Young. 2. To apply a lubricant to, as oil or tallow. Lubrication Lu`bri*ca"tion (?), n. The act of lubricating; the act of making slippery. Lubricator Lu"bri*ca`tor (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, lubricates. " Lubricator of the fibers." Burke. 2. A contrivance, as an oil cup, for supplying a lubricant to machinery. Lubricitate Lu*bric"i*tate (?), v. i. See Lubricate. Lubricity Lu*bric"i*ty (?), n. [L. lubricitas: cf. F. lubricit\'82.] 1. Smoothness; freedom from friction; also, property, which diminishes friction; as, the lubricity of oil. Ray. 2. Slipperiness; instability; as, the lubricity of fortune. L'Estrange. 3. Lasciviousness; propensity to lewdness; lewdness; lechery; incontinency. Sir T. Herbert. As if wantonness and lubricity were essential to that poem. Dryden. Lubricous Lu"bri*cous (?), a. [L. lubricus.] Lubric. Lubrification, Lubrifaction Lu`bri*fi*ca"tion (?), Lu`bri*fac"tion (?), n. [L. lubricus lubric + facere to make.] The act of lubricating, or making smooth. Ray. Bacon. Lucarne Lu`carne" (?), n. [F., fr. L. lucerna a lamp. See Luthern.] (Arch.) A dormer window. Lucchese Luc*chese" (?), n. sing. & pl. [It. Lucchese.] A native or inhabitant of Lucca, in Tuscany; in the plural, the people of Lucca. Luce Luce (?), n. [OF. lus, L. lucius a kind of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A pike when full grown. Halliwell. Lucency Lu"cen*cy (?), n. The quality of being lucent. Lucent Lu"cent (?), a. [L. lucens, p. pr. of lucere to shine, fr. lux, lucis, light.] Shining; bright; resplendent. " The sun's lucent orb." Milton. Lucern Lu"cern (?), n. [Etymology uncertain.] [Obs.] 1. A sort of hunting dog; -- perhaps from Lucerne, in Switzerland. My lucerns, too, or dogs inured to hunt Beasts of most rapine. Chapman. 2. An animal whose fur was formerly much in req [Written also lusern and luzern.] The polecat, mastern, and the richskinned lucern I know to chase. Beau. & Fl. Lucern Lu"cern, n. [F. luzerne.] (Bot.) A leguminous plant (Medicago sativa), having bluish purple cloverlike flowers, cultivated for fodder; -- called also alfalfa. [Written also lucerne.] Lucern Lu"cern, n. [L. lucerna.] A lamp. [Obs.] Lydgate. Lucernal Lu*cer"nal (?), a. [L. lucerna a lamp.] Of or pertaining to a lamp. Lucernal microscope, a form of the microscope in which the object is illuminated by means of a lamp, and its image is thrown upon a plate of ground glass connected with the instrument, or on a screen independent of it. Lucernaria Lu`cer*na"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. lucerna a lamp.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of acalephs, having a bell-shaped body with eight groups of short tentacles around the margin. It attaches itself by a sucker at the base of the pedicel. Lucernarian Lu`cer*na"ri*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Lucernarida. -- n. One of the Lucernarida. lucernarida lu`cer*nar"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Lucernaria.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A division of acalephs, including Lucernaria and allied genera; -- called also Calycozoa. (b) A more extensive group of acalephs, including both the true lucernarida and the Discophora. Lucerne Lu"cerne (?), n. (Bot.) See Lucern, the plant. Lucid Lu"cid (?), a. [L. lucidus, fr. lux, lucis, light. See Light, n.] 1. Shining; bright; resplendent; as, the lucid orbs of heaven. Lucid, like a glowworm. Sir I. Newton. A court compact of lucid marbles. Tennyson. 2. Clear; transparent. " Lucid streams." Milton. 3. Presenting a clear view; easily understood; clear. A lucid and interesting abstract of the debate. Macaulay. 4. Bright with the radiance of intellect; not darkened or confused by delirium or madness; marked by the regular operations of reason; as, a lucid interval. Syn. -- Luminous; bright; clear; transparent; sane; reasonable. See Luminous. Lucidity Lu*cid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. lucidit\'82. See Lucid.] The quality or state of being lucid. Lucidly Lu"cid*ly (?), adv. In a lucid manner. Lucidness Lu"cid*ness, n. The quality of being lucid; lucidity. Lucifer Lu"ci*fer (?), n. [L., bringing light, n., the morning star, fr. lux, lucis, light + ferre to bring.] 1. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; -- applied in Isaiah by a metaphor to a king of Babylon. How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning ! how art thou cut down to the ground which didst weaken the nations ! Is. xiv. 12. Tertullian and Gregory the Great understood this passage of Isaiah in reference to the fall of Satan; in consequence of which the name Lucifer has since been applied to, Satan. Kitto. 2. Hence, Satan. How wretched Is that poor man that hangs on princes' favors! . . . When he falls, he falls like Lucifer, Never to hope again. Shak. 3. A match made of a sliver of wood tipped with a combustible substance, and ignited by friction; -- called also lucifer match, and locofoco. See Locofoco. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of free-swimming macruran Crustacea, having a slender body and long appendages. Luciferian Lu`ci*fe"ri*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Lucifer; having the pride of Lucifer; satanic; devilish. 2. Of or pertaining to the Luciferians or their leader. Luciferian Lu`ci*fe"ri*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the followers of Lucifer, bishop of Cagliari, in the fourth century, who separated from the orthodox churches because they would not go as far as he did in opposing the Arians. Luciferous Lu*cif"er*ous (?), a. [See Lucifer.] Giving light; affording light or means of discovery. Boyle. Luciferously Lu*cif"er*ous*ly, adv. In a luciferous manner. Lucific Lu*cif"ic (?), a. [L. lucificus; lux, lucis, light + facere to make.] Producing light. Grew. Luciform Lu"ci*form (?), a. [L. lux, lucis, light = -form.] Having, in some respects, the nature of light; resembling light. Berkeley. Lucifrian Lu*cif"ri*an (?), a. Luciferian; satanic. [Obs.] Marston. Lucimeter Lu*cim"e*ter (?), n. [L. lux, lucis, light + -meter.] an instrument for measuring the intensity of light; a photometer. Luck Luck (?), n. [Akin to D. luk, geluk, G. gl\'81ck, Icel. lukka, Sw. lycka, Dan. lykke, and perh. to G. locken to entice. Cf. 3d Gleck.] That which happens to a person; an event, good or ill, affecting one's interests or happiness, and which is deemed casual; a course or series of such events regarded as occurring by chance; chance; hap; fate; fortune; often, one's habitual or characteristic fortune; as, good, bad, ill, or hard luck. Luck is often used for good luck; as, luck is better than skill. If thou dost play with him at any game, Thou art sure to lose; and of that natural luck, He beats thee 'gainst the odds. Shak. Luck penny, a small sum given back for luck to one who pays money. [Prov. Eng.] -- To be is luck, to receive some good, or to meet with some success, in an unexpected manner, or as the result of circumstances beyond one's control; to be fortunate. Luckily Luck"i*ly (?), adv. [From Lucky.] In a lucky manner; by good fortune; fortunately; -- used in a good sense; as, they luckily escaped injury. Luckiness Luck"i*ness, n. 1. The state or quality of being lucky; as, the luckiness of a man or of an event. 2. Good fortune; favorable issue or event. Locke. Luckless Luck"less, a. Being without luck; unpropitious; unfortunate; unlucky; meeting with ill success or bad fortune; as, a luckless gamester; a luckless maid. Prayers made and granted in a luckless hour. Dryden. -- Luck"less*ly, adv. -- Lock"less*ness, n. Lucky Luck"y (?), a. [Compar. Luckier (?); superl. Luckiest.] 1. Favored by luck; fortunate; meeting with good success or good fortune; -- said of persons; as, a lucky adventurer. " Lucky wight." Spenser. 2. Producing, or resulting in, good by chance, or unexpectedly; favorable; auspicious; fortunate; as, a lucky mistake; a lucky cast; a lucky hour. We doubt not of a fair and lucky war. Shak. Syn. -- Successful; fortunate; prosperous; auspicious. Lucky proach Luck`y proach" (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Fatherlasher. Lucrative Lu"cra*tive (?), a. [L. lucrativus, fr. lucrari to gain, fr. lucrum gain: cf. F. lucratif. See Lucre.] 1. Yielding lucre; gainful; profitable; making increase of money or goods; as, a lucrative business or office. The trade of merchandise being the most lucrative, may bear usury at a good rate. Bacon. 2. Greedy of gain [Obs.] Such diligence as the most part of our lucrative lawyers do use, in deferring and prolonging of matters and actions from term to term. Latimer. Lucratively Lu"cra*tive*ly, adv. In a lucrative manner. Lucre Lu"cre (?), n. [F. lucre, L. lucrum.] Gain in money or goods; profit; riches; -- often in an ill sense. The lust of lucre and the dread of death. Pope. Lucriferous Lu*crif"er*ous (?), a. [L. lucrum gain +-ferous.] Gainful; profitable. [Obs.] Boyle. Lucrific Lu*crif"ic (?), a. [L. lucrificus; lucrum gain + facere to make.] Producing profit; gainful. [Obs.] Luctation Luc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. luctatio, fr. luctari to wrestle, strive.] Effort to overcome in contest; struggle; endeavor. [R.] Farindon. Luctual Luc"tu*al (?), a. [L. luctus mourning, sorrow, fr. lugere, fr. luctum, to mourn.] Producing grief; saddening. [Obs.] Sir G. Buck. Lucubrate Lu"cu*brate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lucubrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lucubrated (?).] [L. lucubratus, p. p. of lucubrare to work by lamplight, fr. lux light. See Light, n.] To study by candlelight or a lamp; to study by night. Lucubrate Lu"cu*brate, v. t. To elaborate, perfect, or compose, by night study or by laborious endeavor. Lucubration Lu`cu*bra"tion (?), n. [l. lucubratio;cf. F. lucubration.] 1. The act of lucubrating, or studying by candlelight; nocturnal study; meditation. After long lucubration I have hit upon such an expedient. Goldsmith. 2. That which is composed by night; that which is produced by meditation in retirement; hence (loosely) any literary composition. Thy lucubrations have been perused by several of our friends. Tatler. Lucubrator Lu"cu*bra`tor (?), n. One who studies by night; also, one who produces lucubrations. Lucubratory Lu"cu*bra*to*ry (?), a. [L. lucubratorius.] Composed by candlelight, or by night; of or pertaining to night studies; laborious or painstaking. Pope. Lucule Lu"cule (?), n. [Dim. fr. L. lux, lucis, light.] (Astron.) A spot or fleck on the sun brighter than the surrounding surface. Luculent Lu"cu*lent (?), a. [L. luculentus, from lux, lucis, light.] 1. Lucid; clear; transparent. Thomson. 2. Clear; evident; luminous. " Most luculent testimonies." Hooker. 3. Bright; shining in beauty. [Obs.] Most debonair and luculent lady. B. Jonson. Luculently Lu"cu*lent*ly, adv. In a luculent manner; clearly. Lucullite Lu*cul"lite (?), n. [From Lucullus, a Roman consul, famous for his great wealth and luxury: cf. F. lucullite.] (Min.) A variety of black limestone, often polished for ornamental purposes. Lucuma Lu*cu"ma (?), n. (Bot.) An American genus of sapotaceous trees bearing sweet and edible fruits. NOTE: &hand; Lu cuma ma mmosum is ca lled natural marmalade in the West Indies; L. Caimito, of Peru, furnishes a delicious fruit called lucuma and caimito. Luddite Lud"dite (?), n. One of a number of riotous persons in England, who for six years (1811-17) tried to prevent the use of labor-saving machinery by breaking it, burning factories, etc.; -- so called from Ned Lud, a half-witted man who some years previously had broken stocking frames. J. & H. Smith. H. Martineau. Ludibrious Lu*dib"ri*ous (?), a. [L. ludibrium mockery, derision, from ludere to play, sport.] Sportive; ridiculous; wanton. [Obs.] Tooker. Ludibund Lu"di*bund (?), a. [L. ludibundus.] Sportive. [Obs.] -- Lu"di*bund*ness, n. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Ludicrous Lu"di*crous (?), a. [L. ludicrus, or ludicer, from ludus play, sport, fr. ludere to play.] Adapted to excite laughter, without scorn or contempt; sportive. Broome. A chapter upon German rhetoric would be in the same ludicrous predicament as Van Troil's chapter on the snakes of Iceland, which delivers its business in one summary sentence, announcing, that snakes in Iceland -- there are none. De Quincey. Syn. -- Laughable; sportive; burlesque; comic; droll; ridiculous. -- Ludicrous, Laughable, Ridiculous. We speak of a thing as ludicrous when it tends to produce laughter; as laughable when the impression is somewhat stronger; as ridiculous when more or less contempt is mingled with the merriment created. -- Lu"di*crous*ly, adv. -- Lu"di*crous*ness, n. Ludification Lu`di*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. ludificatio, fr. ludificare to make sport of; ludus sport + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act of deriding. Ludificatory Lu*dif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. ludificatorius.] Making sport; tending to excite derision. [Obs.] Ludlamite Lud"lam*ite (?), n. [Named after Mr. Ludlam, of London.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in small, green, transparent, monoclinic crystals. It is a hydrous phosphate of iron. Ludlow group Lud"low group` (?). (Geol.) A subdivision of the British Upper Silurian lying below the Old Red Sandstone; -- so named from the Ludlow, in Western England. See the Chart of Geology. Ludwigite Lud"wig*ite (?), n. [Named after the chemist Ludwig.] (Min.) A borate of iron and magnesia, occurring in fibrous masses of a blackish green color. Lues Lu"es (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Disease, especially of a contagious kind. Lues venerea, syphilis; -- called also simply lues. Luff Luff (?), n. [OE. lof, prob. a sort of timber by which the course of a ship was directed, perh. a sort of paddle; cf. D. loef luff, loeven to luff. The word is perh. akin to E. glove. Cf. Aloof.] (Naut.) (a) The side of a ship toward the wind. (b) The act of sailing a ship close to the wind. (c) The roundest part of a ship's bow. (d) The forward or weather leech of a sail, especially of the jib, spanker, and other fore-and-aft sails. Luff tackle, a purchase composed of a double and single block and fall, used for various purposes. Totten. -- Luff upon luff, a luff tackle attached to the fall of another luff tackle. R. H. Dana, Jr. _________________________________________________________________ Page 874 Luff Luff (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Luffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Luffing.] (Naut.) To turn the head of a vessel toward the wind; to sail nearer the wind; to turn the tiller so as to make the vessel sail nearer the wind. To luff round, OR To luff alee, to make the extreme of this movement, for the purpose of throwing the ship's head into the wind. Luffer Luf"fer (?), n. (Arch.) See Louver. Lug Lug (?), n. [Sw. lugg the forelock.] 1. The ear, or its lobe. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 2. That which projects like an ear, esp. that by which anything is supported, carried, or grasped, or to which a support is fastened; an ear; as, the lugs of a kettle; the lugs of a founder's flask; the lug (handle) of a jug. 3. (Mach.) A projecting piece to which anything, as a rod, is attached, or against which anything, as a wedge or key, bears, or through which a bolt passes, etc. 4. (Harness) The leather loop or ear by which a shaft is held up. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The lugworm. Lug bolt (Mach.), a bolt terminating in a long, flat extension which takes the place of a head; a strap bolt. Lug Lug, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lugging (?).] [OE. luggen, Sw. lugga to pull by the hair, fr. lugg the forelock.] To pull with force; to haul; to drag along; to carry with difficulty, as something heavy or cumbersome. Dryden. They must divide the image among them, and so lug off every one his share. Collier. Lug Lug, v. i. To move slowly and heavily. Lug Lug, n. 1. The act of lugging; as, a hard lug; that which is lugged; as, the pack is a heavy lug.[Colloq.] 2. Anything which moves slowly. [Obs.] Ascham. Lug Lug, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] 1. A rod or pole. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 2. A measure of length, being 16 feet; a rod, pole, or perch. [Obs.] " Eight lugs of ground." Spenser. Chimney lug, OR Lug pole, a pole on which a kettle is hung over the fire, either in a chimney or in the open air. [Local, U.S.] Whittier. Luggage Lug"gage (?), n. [From 4th Lug.] That which is lugged; anything cumbrous and heavy to be carried; especially, a traveler's trunks, baggage, etc., or their contents. I am gathering up my luggage, and preparing for my journey. Swift. What do you mean, To dote thus on such luggage! Shak. Syn. -- Plunder; baggage. Luggage van, a vehicle for carrying luggage; a railway car, or compartment of a car, for carrying luggage. [Eng.] Lugger Lug"ger (?), n. (Naut.) A small vessel having two or three masts, and a running bowsprit, and carrying lugsails. See Illustration in Appendix. Totten. Lugger Lug"ger, n. (Zo\'94l.) An Indian falcon (Falco jugger), similar to the European lanner and the American prairie falcon. Lugmark Lug"mark` (?), n. [From Lug an ear.] A mark cut into the ear of an animal to identify it; an earmark. Lugsail Lug"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) A square sail bent upon a yard that hangs obliquely to the mast and is raised or lowered with the sail. Totten. Lugubrious Lu*gu"bri*ous (?), a. [L. lugubris, fr. lugere to mourn; cf. Gr. ruj to break.] Mournful; indicating sorrow, often ridiculously or feignedly; doleful; woful; pitiable; as, a whining tone and a lugubrious look. Crossbones, scythes, hourglasses, and other lugubrious emblems of mortality. Hawthorne. -- Lu*gu"bri*ous*ly, adv. -- Lu*gu"bri*ous*ness, n. Lugworm Lug"worm` (?), n. [1st lug + worm.] (Zo\'94l.) A large marine annelid (Arenicola marina) having a row of tufted gills along each side of the back. It is found burrowing in sandy beaches, both in America and Europe, and is used for bait by European fishermen. Called also lobworm, and baitworm. Luke Luke (?), a. [Prob. fr. lew, perh. influenced by AS. wl\'91c warm, lukewarm, remiss. Cf. Lew.] Moderately warm; not hot; tepid. -- Luke"ness, n. [Obs.]<-- = lukewarm. Why not synonymous? --> Nine penn'orth o'brandy and water luke. Dickens. Lukewarm Luke"warm` (?), a. [See Luke.] Moderately warm; neither cold nor hot; tepid; not ardent; not zealous; cool; indifferent. " Lukewarm blood." Spenser. " Lukewarm patriots." Addison. An obedience so lukewarm and languishing that it merits not the name of passion. Dryden. -- Luce"warm`ly, adv. -- Luce"warm`ness, n. Lull Lull (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lulling.] [Akin to OD. lullen to sing to sleep, G. lullen, Dan. lulle, Sw. lulla; all of imitative origin. Cf. Loll, Lollard.] To cause to rest by soothing influences; to compose; to calm; to soothe; to quiet. " To lull him soft asleep." Spenser. Such sweet compulsion doth in music lie, To lull the daughters of necessity. Milton. Lull Lull, v. i. To become gradually calm; to subside; to cease or abate for a time; as, the storm lulls. Lull Lull, n. 1. The power or quality of soothing; that which soothes; a lullaby. [R.] Young. 2. A temporary cessation of storm or confusion. lullaby lull"a*by (?), n. [From Lull, v. t. ] 1. A song to quiet babes or lull them to sleep; that which quiets. Shak. 2. Hence: Good night; good-by. [Obs.] Shak. Luller Lull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, lulls. Lullingly Lull"ing*ly, adv. In a lulling manner; soothingly. Lum Lum (?), n. [W. llumon chimney, llum that shoots up or ends in a point.] 1. A chimney. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns. 2. A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine. 3. A woody valley; also, a deep pool. [Prov. Eng.] Lumachel, Lumachella Lu"ma*chel (?), Lu`ma*chel"la (?), n. [F. lumachelle, It. lumachella, fr. lamachella a little snail, dim. of lumaca a snail, fr. L. limax, -acis.] (Min.) A grayish brown limestone, containing fossil shells, which reflect a beautiful play of colors. It is also called fire marble, from its fiery reflections. Lumbaginous Lum*bag"i*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to lumbago. Lumbago Lum*ba"go (?), n. [L., fr. lumbus loin. See Lumbar.] (Med.) A rheumatic pain in the loins and the small of the back. Lumbar, Lumbal Lum"bar (?), Lum"bal (?), a. [L. lumbus loin. See Loin.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or near, the loins; as, the lumbar arteries. Lumbar region (Anat.), the region of the loin; specifically, a region between the hypochondriac and ilias regions, and outside of the umbilical region. Lumber Lum"ber (?), n. [Prob. fr. Lombard, the Lombards being the money lenders and pawnbrokers of the Middle Ages. A lumber room was, according to Trench, originally a Lombard room, or room where the Lombard pawnbroker stored his pledges. See Lombard.] 1. A pawnbroker's shop, or room for storing articles put in pawn; hence, a pledge, or pawn. [Obs.] They put all the little plate they had in the lumber, which is pawning it, till the ships came. Lady Murray. 2. Old or refuse household stuff; things cumbrous, or bulky and useless, or of small value. 3. Timber sawed or split into the form of beams, joists, boards, planks, staves, hoops, etc.; esp., that which is smaller than heavy timber. [U.S.] Lumber kiln, a room in which timber or lumber is dried by artificial heat. [U.S.] -- Lumber room, a room in which unused furniture or other lumber is kept. [U.S.] -- Lumber wagon, a heavy rough wagon, without springs, used for general farmwork, etc. Lumber Lum"ber, b. t. [imp. & p. p. Lumbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lumbering.] 1. To heap together in disorder. " Stuff lumbered together." Rymer. 2. To fill or encumber with lumber; as, to lumber up a room. Lumber Lum"ber, v. i. 1. To move heavily, as if burdened. 2. [Cf. dial. Sw. lomra to resound.] To make a sound as if moving heavily or clumsily; to rumble. Cowper. 3. To cut logs in the forest, or prepare timber for market. [U.S.] Lumberer Lum"ber*er (?), n. One employed in lumbering, cutting, and getting logs from the forest for lumber; a lumberman. [U.S.] Lumberers have a notion that he (the woodpecker) is harmful to timber. Lowell. Lumbering Lum"ber*ing, n. The business of cutting or getting timber or logs from the forest for lumber. [U.S.] Lumberman Lum"ber*man (?), n.; pl. Lumbermen (. One who is engaged in lumbering as a business or employment. [U.S.] Lumbosacral Lum`bo*sa"cral (?), n. [L. lumbus loin + E. sacral.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the loins and sacrum; as, the lumbosacral nerve, a branch of one of the lumber nerves which passes over the sacrum. Lumbric Lum"bric (?), n. [L. lumbricus.] (Zo\'94l.) An earthworm, or a worm resembling an earthworm. Lumbrical Lum"bric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. lombrical. See Lumbric.] (Anat.) Resembling a worm; as, the lumbrical muscles of the hands of the hands and feet. -- n. A lumbrical muscle. Lumbriciform Lum*bric"i*form (?), a. [L. lumbricus worm + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling an earthworm; vermiform. Lumbricoid Lum"bri*coid (?), a. [Lumbricus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like an earthworm; belonging to the genus Lumbricus, or family Lumbricid\'91. Lumbricus Lum"bri*cus (?), n. [L. See Lumbric.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of annelids, belonging to the Oligoch\'91ta, and including the common earthworms. See Earthworm. Luminant Lu"mi*nant (?), a. Luminous. [R.] Luminary Lu"mi*na*ry (?), n.; pl. Luminaries (#), [F. luminaire, L. luminare a light or lamp, which was lighted in the churches, a luminary, fr. lumen, luminis, light, fr. lucere to be light, to shine, lux, lucis, light. See Light.] 1. Any body that gives light, especially one of the heavenly bodies. " Radiant luminary." Skelton. Where the great luminary . . . Dispenses light from far. Milton. 2. One who illustrates any subject, or enlightens mankind; as, Newton was a distinguished luminary. Luminate Lu"mi*nate (?), v. t. [L. luminatus, p. p. of luminare to illumine, fr. lumen light. See Limn.] To illuminate. [Obs.] Lumination Lu`mi*na"tion (?), n. Illumination. [Obs.] Lumine Lu"mine (?), v. i. To illumine. [Obs.] Spenser. Luminiferous Lu`mi*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. lumen light + -ferous.] Producing light; yielding light; transmitting light; as, the luminiferous ether. Luminosity Lu`mi*nos"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being luminous; luminousness. Luminous Lu"mi*nous (?), a. [L. luminosus, fr. lumen light: cf. F. lumineux. See Luminary, Illuminate.] 1. Shining; emitting or reflecting light; brilliant; bright; as, the is a luminous body; a luminous color. Fire burneth wood, making it . . . luminous. Bacon. The mountains lift . . . their lofty and luminous heads. Longfellow. 2. Illuminated; full of light; bright; as, many candles made the room luminous. Up the staircase moved a luminous space in the darkness. Longfellow. 3. Enlightened; intelligent; also, clear; intelligible; as, a luminous mind. " Luminous eloquence." Macaulay. " A luminous statement." Brougham. Luminous paint, a paint made up with some phosphorescent substance, as sulphide of calcium, which after exposure to a strong light is luminous in the dark for a time. Syn. -- Lucid; clear; shining; perspicuous. -- Lu"mi*nous*ly, adv. -- Lu"mi*nous*ness, n. Lummox Lum"mox (?), n. A fat, ungainly, stupid person; an awkward bungler. [Law.] Lump Lump (?), n. [Cf. OD. lompe piece, mass. Cf. Lunch.] 1. A small mass of matter of irregular shape; an irregular or shapeless mass; as, a lump of coal; a lump of iron ore. " A lump of cheese." Piers Plowman. " This lump of clay." Shak. 2. A mass or aggregation of things. 3. (Firearms) A projection beneath the breech end of a gun barrel. In the lump, In a lump, the whole together; in gross. They may buy them in the lump. Addison. -- Lump coal, coal in large lumps; -- the largest size brought from the mine. -- Lump sum, a gross sum without a specification of items; as, to award a lump sum in satisfaction of all claims and damages. <-- (b) a single sum paid once in satisfaction of a claim, as contrasted with the alternate choice of several payments over a period of time.--> Lump Lump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lumping.] 1. To throw into a mass; to unite in a body or sum without distinction of particulars. The expenses ought to be lumped together. Ayliffe. 2. To take in the gross; to speak of collectively. Not forgetting all others, . . . whom for brevity, but out of no resentment you, I lump all together. Sterne. 3. To get along with as one can, although displeased; as, if he does n't like it, he can lump it. [Law] <-- lump together. v. combine (various items) and treat them as a unit. --> <-- lumpenproletariat --> Lumper Lump"er (?), n. [Cf. Lamper eel.] (Zo\'94l.) The European eelpout; -- called also lumpen. Lumper Lump"er, n. 1. One who lumps. 2. A laborer who is employed to load or unload vessels when in harbor. Lumpfish Lump"fish` (?), n. [From Lump, on account of its bulkiness: cf. G. & D. lump, F. lompe.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, thick, clumsy, marine fish (Cyclopterus lumpus) of Europe and America. The color is usually translucent sea green, sometimes purplish. It has a dorsal row of spiny tubercles, and three rows on each side, but has no scales. The ventral fins unite and form a ventral sucker for adhesion to stones and seaweeds. Called also lumpsucker, cock-paddle, sea owl. Lumping Lump"ing, a. Bulky; heavy. Arbuthnot. Lumpish Lump"ish, a. Like a lump; inert; gross; heavy; dull; spiritless. " Lumpish, heavy, melancholy." Shak. -- Lump"ish*ly, adv. -- Lump"ish*ness, n. Lumpsucker Lump"suck`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lumprish. Lumpy Lump"y (?), a. [Compar. Lumpier (?); superl. Lumpiest.] Full of lumps, or small compact masses. Luna Lu"na (?), n. [L.; akin to lucere to shine. See Light, n., and cf. Lune.] 1. The moon. 2. (Alchemy) Silver. Luna cornea (Old Chem.), horn silver, or fused silver chloride, a tough, brown, translucent mass; -- so called from its resemblance to horn. Luna moth (Zo\'94l.), a very large and beautiful American moth (Actias luna). Its wings are delicate light green, with a stripe of purple along the front edge of the anterior wings, the other margins being edged with pale yellow. Each wing has a lunate spot surrounded by rings of light yellow, blue, and black. The caterpillar commonly feeds on the hickory, sassafras, and maple. <-- Fig. of Luna moth --> Lunacy Lu"na*cy (?), n.; pl. Lunacies (#). [See Lunatic.] 1. Insanity or madness; properly, the kind of insanity which is broken by intervals of reason, -- formerly supposed to be influenced by the changes of the moon; any form of unsoundness of mind, except idiocy; mental derangement or alienation. Brande. Burrill. Your kindred shuns your house As beaten hence by your strange lunacy. Shak. 2. A morbid suspension of good sense or judgment, as through fanaticism. Dr. H. More. Syn. -- Derangement; craziness; mania. See Insanity. _________________________________________________________________ Page 875 Lunar Lu"nar (?), a. [L. lunaris, fr. luna the moon. See Luna, and cf. Lunary.] 1. Of or pertaining to the moon; as, lunar observations. 2. Resembling the moon; orbed. Dryden. 3. Measured by the revolutions of the moon; as, a lunar month. 4. Influenced by the moon, as in growth, character, or properties; as, lunar herbs. Bacon. Lunar caustic (Med. Chem.), silver nitrate prepared to be used as a cautery; -- so named because silver was called luna by the ancient alchemists. -- Lunar cycle. Same as Metonic cycle. See under Cycle. -- Lunar distance, the angular distance of the moon from the sun, a star, or a planet, employed for determining longitude by the lunar method. -- Lunar method, the method of finding a ship's longitude by comparing the local time of taking (by means of a sextant or circle) a given lunar distance, with the Greenwich time corresponding to the same distance as ascertained from a nautical almanac, the difference of these times being the longitude. -- Lunar month. See Month. -- Lunar observation, an observation of a lunar distance by means of a sextant or circle, with the altitudes of the bodies, and the time, for the purpose of computing the longitude. -- Lunar tables. (a) (Astron.) Tables of the moon's motions, arranged for computing the moon's true place at any time past or future. (b) (Navigation) Tables for correcting an observed lunar distance on account of refraction and parallax. -- Lunar year, the period of twelve lunar months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, and 34.38 seconds. Lunar Lu"nar, n. 1. (Astron.) A lunar distance. 2. (Anat.) The middle bone of the proximal series of the carpus; -- called also semilunar, and intermedium. Lunarian Lu*na"ri*an (?), n. [See Lunar, Luna.] An inhabitant of the moon. Lunary Lu"na*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. lunaire. See Lunar.] Lunar. [Obs.] Fuller. Lunary Lu"na*ry, n. [Cf. F. lunaire.] (Bot.) (a) The herb moonwort or "honesty". (b) A low fleshy fern (Botrychium Lunaria) with lunate segments of the leaf or frond. Lunate, Lunated Lu"nate (?), Lu"na*ted (?), a. [L. lunatus crescent-shaped, p. p. of lunare to bend like a crescent, fr. luna the moon.] Crescent-shaped; as, a lunate leaf; a lunate beak; a lunated cross. Gray. Lunatic Lu"na*tic (?), a. [F. lunatique, L. lunaticus, fr. luna the moon. See Lunar.] 1. Affected by lunacy; insane; mad. Lord, have mercy on my son; for he is lunatic. Wyclif (Matt. xvii. 15). 2. Of or pertaining to, or suitable for, an insane person; evincing lunacy; as, lunatic gibberish; a lunatic asylum. Lunatic Lu"na*tic, n. A person affected by lunacy; an insane person, esp. one who has lucid intervals; a madman; a person of unsound mind. The lunatic, the lover, and the poet, Are of imagination all compact. Shak. Lunation Lu*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. Lunated.] The period of a synodic revolution of the moon, or the time from one new moon to the next; varying in length, at different times, from about 29 to 29 days, the average length being 29 d., 12h., 44m., 2.9s. Lunch Lunch (?), n. [Of uncertain etymol. Cf. Prov. Eng. nunc a lump.] A luncheon; specifically, a light repast between breakfast and dinner. Lunch Lunch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lunched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lunching.] To take luncheon. Smart. Luncheon Lunch"eon (?), n. [Prov. E. luncheon, lunchion, lunshin, a large lump of food, fr. lunch. See Lunch.] 1. A lump of food. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A portion of food taken at any time except at a regular meal; an informal or light repast, as between breakfast and dinner. Luncheon Lunch"eon, v. i. To take luncheon. Beaconsfield. Lune Lune (?), n. [L. luna moon: cf. F. lune. See Luna.] 1. Anything in the shape of a half moon. [R.] 2. (Geom.) A figure in the form of a crescent, bounded by two intersecting arcs of circles. 3. A fit of lunacy or madness; a period of frenzy; a crazy or unreasonable freak. [Obs.] These dangerous, unsafe lunes i' the king. Shak. Lunet Lu"net (?), n. [See Lunette.] A little moon or satellite. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Lunette Lu*nette" (?), n. [F., dim. of lune moon, L.luna. See Lune a crescent.] 1. (Fort.) A fieldwork consisting of two faces, forming a salient angle, and two parallel flanks. See Bastion. 2. (Far.) A half horseshoe, which wants the sponge. 3. A kind of watch crystal which is more than ordinarily flattened in the center; also, a species of convexoconcave lens for spectacles. 4. A piece of felt to cover the eye of a vicious horse. 5. (Arch.) Any surface of semicircular or segmental form; especially, the piece of wall between the curves of a vault and its springing line. 6. An iron shoe at the end of the stock of a gun carriage. Lunette window (Arch.), a window which fills or partly fills a lunette. Lung Lung (?), n. [OE. lunge, AS. lunge, pl. lungen; akin to D. long, G. lunge, Icel. & Sw. lunga, Dan. lunge, all prob. from the root of E. light. See Light not heavy.] (Anat.) An organ for a\'89rial respiration; -- commonly in the plural. My lungs began to crow like chanticleer. Shak. <-- Insert: Illustration of lungs with description. --> NOTE: &hand; In al l ai r-breathing ve rtebrates th e lu ngs ar e developed from the ventral wall of the esophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive saclike character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. See Respiration. Lung fever (Med.), pneumonia. -- Lung flower (Bot.), a species of gentian (G. Pneumonanthe). -- Lung lichen (Bot.), tree lungwort. See under Lungwort. Lung sac (Zo\'94l.), one of the breathing organs of spiders and snails. Lunge Lunge (?), n. [Also spelt longe, fr. allonge. See Allonge, Long.] A sudden thrust or pass, as with a sword. Lunge Lunge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lunged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lunging (?).] To make a lunge. Lunge Lunge, v. t. To cause to go round in a ring, as a horse, while holding his halter. Thackeray. Lunge Lunge, n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Namaycush. Lunged Lunged (?), a. Having lungs, or breathing organs similar to lungs. Lungfish Lung"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish belonging to the Dipnoi; -- so called because they have both lungs and gills. Lung-grown Lung"-grown` (?), a. (Med.) Having lungs that adhere to the pleura. Lungie Lun"gie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A guillemot. [Written also longie.] [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Lungis Lun"gis (?), n. [OF. longis. See Lounge.] A lingerer; a dull, drowsy fellow. [Obs.] Lungless Lung"less (?), a. Being without lungs. Lungoor Lun"goor (?), n. [Hind. lang&umac;r.] (Zo\'94l.) A long-tailed monkey (Semnopithecus schislaceus), from the mountainous districts of India. Lungworm Lung"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of parasitic nematoid worms which infest the lungs and air passages of cattle, sheep, and other animals, often proving fatal. The lungworm of cattle (Strongylus micrurus) and that of sheep (S. filaria) are the best known. Lungwort Lung"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An herb of the genus Pulmonaria (P. officinalis), of Europe; -- so called because the spotted appearance of the leaves resembles that of a diseased lung. (b) Any plant of the genus Mertensia (esp. M. Virginica and M. Sibirica) plants nearly related to Pulmonaria. The American lungwort is Mertensia Virginica, Virginia cowslip. Gray. Cow's lungwort mullein. -- Sea lungwort, Mertensia maritima, found on the seacoast of Northern Europe and America. -- Tree lungwort, a lichen (Sticta pulmonacea) growing on trees and rocks. The thallus is lacunose, and in appearance somewhat resembles the lungs, for diseases of which it was once thought a remedy. Lunicurrent Lu"ni*cur"rent (?), a. [L. luna moon + E. current.] Having relation to changes in currents that depend on the moon's phases. Bache. Luniform Lu"ni*form (?), a. [L. luna moon + -form: cf. F. luniforme.] Resembling the moon in shape. Lunisolar Lu"ni*so"lar (?), a. [L. luna moon + E. solar: cf. F. lunisolaire.] Resulting from the united action, or pertaining to the mutual relations, of the sun and moon. Lunisolar precession (Astron.), that portion of the annual precession of the equinoxes which depends on the joint action of the sun and moon. -- Lunisolar year, a period of time, at the end of which, in the Julian calendar, the new and full moons and the eclipses recur on the same days of the week and month and year as in the previous period. It consists of 532 common years, being the least common multiple of the numbers of years in the cycle of the sun and the cycle of the moon. Lunistice Lu"ni*stice (?), n. [L. luna. moon + sistere to cause to stand. Cf. Solstice.] (Astron.) The farthest point of the moon's northing and southing, in its monthly revolution. [Obs.] Lunitidal Lu"ni*tid`al (?), a. Pertaining to tidal movements dependent on the moon. Bache. Lunitidal interval. See Retard, n. Lunt Lunt (?), n. [D. lont; akin to Dan. & G. lunte, Sw. lunta. Cf. Link a torch.] 1. The match cord formerly used in firing cannon. 2. A puff of smoke. [Scotch.] Burns. Lunula Lu"nu*la (?), n.; pl. Lunul\'91 (#). [L., prop., a little moon. See Lunule.] (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Same as Lunule. Lunular Lu"nu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. lunulaire. See Lunula.] (Bot.) Having a form like that of the new moon; shaped like a crescent. Lunulate, Lunulated Lu"nu*late (?), Lu"nu*la`ted (?), a. [See Lunula.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Resembling a small crescent. Gray. Lunule Lu"nule (?), n. [F., fr. L. lunula, dim. of luna moon.] 1. (Anat.) Anything crescent-shaped; a crescent-shaped part or mark; a lunula, a lune. 2. (Chem.) A lune. See Lune. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small or narrow crescent. (b) A special area in front of the beak of many bivalve shells. It sometimes has the shape of a double crescent, but is oftener heart-shaped. See Illust. of Bivalve. Lunulet Lu"nu*let (?), n. [Dim. of lunule.] (Zo\'94l.) A small spot, shaped like a half-moon or crescent; as, the lunulet on the wings of many insects. Lunulite Lu"nu*lite (?), n. [Lunule + -life: cf. F. lunulithe. See Lunula.] (Paleon.) Any bryozoan of the genus Lunulites, having a more or less circular form. Luny Lu"ny (?), a. [Shortened fr. lunatic.] Crazy; mentally unsound. [Written also loony.] [Law, U.S.] Lupercal Lu*per"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Lupercalia. Lupercal Lu*per"cal, n. A grotto on the Palatine Hill sacred to Lupercus, the Lycean Pan. Lupercalia Lu`per*ca"li*a (?), n. pl. [L. luperealis, fr. Lupercus the Lycean Pan, so called fr. lupus a wolf, because he kept off the wolves.] (Rom. Antiq.) A feast of the Romans in honor of Lupercus, or Pan. Lupine Lu"pine (?), n. [L. lupinus, lupinum, apparently fr. lupinus belonging to a wolf, fr. lupus a wolf; perh. so called because it was supposed to exhaust the soil: cf. F. lupin. Cf. Wolf.] (Bot.) A leguminous plant of the genus Lupinus, especially L. albus, the seeds of which have been used for food from ancient times. The common species of the Eastern United States is L. perennis. There are many species in California. Lupine Lu"pine (?), a. [See Lupine, n.] Wolfish; ravenous. Gauden. Lupinin Lu"pin*in (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the seeds of several species of lupine, and extracted as a yellowish white crystalline substance. Lupinine Lu"pin*ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in several species of lupine (Lupinus luteus, L. albus, etc.), and extracted as a bitter crystalline substance. <-- [MI11] [1-R-trans]-Octahydro-2H-quinolizine-1-methanol, l-lupinine, C10H19NO, a bicyclic saturated quinolizine CH2OH | /\ H /\ / \|/ \ | | | | N | \ / \ / \/ \/ --> Lupulin Lu"pu*lin (?), n. [Cf. F. lupulin. See Lupuline.] 1. (Chem.) A bitter principle extracted from hops. 2. The fine yellow resinous powder found upon the strobiles or fruit of hops, and containing this bitter principle. [Written also lupuline.] Lupuline Lu"pu*line (?), n. [NL. lupulus the hop, fr. L. lupus the hop: cf. F. lupuline.] (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from hops as a colorless volatile liquid. Lupulinic Lu`pu*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, hops; specifically, designating an acid obtained by the decomposition of lupulin. Lupus Lu"pus (?), n. [L., a wolf. See Wolf.] 1. (Med.) A cutaneous disease occurring under two distinct forms. NOTE: &hand; Lupus erythematosus is characterized by an eruption of red patches, which become incrusted, leaving superficial scars. L. vulgaris is marked by the development of nodules which often ulcerate deeply and produce great deformity. Formerly the latter was often confounded with cancer, and some varieties of cancer were included under Lupus. <-- systemic lupus erythematosus is an inflammatory disease --> 2. (Astron.) The Wolf, a constellation situated south of Scorpio. Lurcation Lur*ca"tion (?), n. [See its Lurch.] Gluttony; gormandizing. [Obs.] Lurch Lurch (?), v. i. [L. lurcare, lurcari.] To swallow or eat greedily; to devour; hence, to swallow up. [Obs.] Too far off from great cities, which may hinder business; too near them, which lurcheth all provisions, and maketh everything dear. Bacon. Lurch Lurch, n. [OF. lourche name of a game; as adj., deceived, embarrassed.] 1. An old game played with dice and counters; a variety of the game of tables. 2. A double score in cribbage for the winner when his adversary has been left in the lurch. Lady --- has cried her eyes out on losing a lurch. Walpole. To leave one in the lurch. (a) In the game of cribbage, to leave one's adversary so far behind that the game is won before he has scored thirty-one. (b) To leave one behind; hence, to abandon, or fail to stand by, a person in a difficulty. Denham. But though thou'rt of a different church, I will not leave thee in the lurch. Hudibras. Lurch Lurch, v. t. 1. To leave in the lurch; to cheat. [Obs.] Never deceive or lurch the sincere communicant. South. 2. To steal; to rob. [Obs.] And in the brunt of seventeen battles since He lurched all swords of the garland. Shak. Lurch Lurch, n. [Cf. W. llerch, llerc, a frisk, a frisking backward or forward, a loitering, a lurking, a lurking, llercian, llerciaw, to be idle, to frisk; or perh. fr. E. lurch to lurk.] A sudden roll of a ship to one side, as in heavy weather; hence, a swaying or staggering movement to one side, as that by a drunken man. Fig.: A sudden and capricious inclination of the mind. _________________________________________________________________ Page 876 Lurch Lurch (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lurched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lurching.] To roll or sway suddenly to one side, as a ship or a drunken man. Lurch Lurch, v. i. [A variant of lurk.] 1. To withdraw to one side, or to a private place; to lurk. L'Estrange. 2. To dodge; to shift; to play tricks. I . . . am fain to shuffle, to hedge, and to lurch. Shak. Lurcher Lurch"er (?), n. [See Lurch to lurk.] 1. One that lurches or lies in wait; one who watches to pilfer, or to betray or entrap; a poacher. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of a mongrel breed of dogs said to have been a cross between the sheep dog, greyhound, and spaniel. It hunts game silently, by scent, and is often used by poachers. Lurcher Lurch"er, n. [L. lurco, lurcho, a glutton. See 1st Lurch.] A glutton; a gormandizer. [Obs.] Lurchline Lurch"line` (?), n. The line by which a fowling net was pulled over so as to inclose the birds. Lurdan Lur"dan (?), a. Stupid; blockish. [Obs.] Lurdan Lur"dan, n. [OF. lourdin, fr. lourd heavy, dull, thick-headed. See Lord.] A blockhead. [Obs.] Lure Lure (?), n. [OF. loire, loirre, loerre, F. leurre lure, decoy; of German origin; cf. MHG. luoder, G. luder lure, carrion.] 1. A contrivance somewhat resembling a bird, and often baited with raw meat; -- used by falconers in recalling hawks. Shak. 2. Any enticement; that which invites by the prospect of advantage or pleasure; a decoy. Milton. 3. (Hat Making) A velvet smoothing brush. Knight. Lure Lure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Luring.] [OF. loirer, loirier, F. leurrer. See Lure, n.] To draw to the lure; hence, to allure or invite by means of anything that promises pleasure or advantage; to entice; to attract. I am not lured with love. Piers Plowman. And various science lures the learned eye. Gay. Lure Lure, v. i. To recall a hawk or other animal. Lurg Lurg (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large marine annelid (Nephthys c\'91ca), inhabiting the sandy shores of Europe and America. It is whitish, with a pearly luster, and grows to the length of eight or ten inches. Lurid Lu"rid (?), a. [L. luridus.] 1. Pale yellow; ghastly pale; wan; gloomy; dismal. Fierce o'er their beauty blazed the lurid flame. Thomson. Wrapped in drifts of lurid smoke On the misty river tide. Tennyson. 2. (Bot.) Having a brown color tonged with red, as of flame seen through smoke. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Of a color tinged with purple, yellow, and gray. Lurk Lurk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lurked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lurking.] [OE. lurken, lorken, prob. a dim. from the source of E. lower to frown. See Lower, and cf. Lurch, a sudden roll, Lurch to lurk.] 1. To lie hid; to lie in wait. Like wild beasts, lurking in loathsome den. Spenser. Let us . . . lurk privily for the innocent. Prov. i. 11. 2. To keep out of sight. The defendant lurks and wanders about in Berks. Blackstone. Lurker Lurk"er (?), n. 1. One who lurks. 2. A small fishing boat. [Prov. Eng.] Lurry Lur"ry (?), n. [W. llwry precipitant, a provision.] A confused heap; a throng, as of persons; a jumble, as of sounds. [Obs.] To turn prayer into a kind of lurry. Milton. Luscious Lus"cious (?), a. [Prob. for lustious, fr. lusty, or perh. a corruption of luxurious. Cf. Lush, Lusty.] 1. Sweet; delicious; very grateful to the taste; toothsome; excessively sweet or rich. And raisins keep their luscious, native taste. Dryden. 2. Cloying; fulsome. He had a tedious, luscious way of talking. Jeffrey. 3. Gratifying a depraved sense; obscene. [R.] Steele. -- Lus"cious*ly, adv. -- Lus"cious*ness, n. Lusern Lu"sern (?), n. [F. loup-cervier, L. lupus cervarius.] (Zo\'94l.) A lynx. See 1st Lucern and Loup-cervier. Lush Lush (?), a. [Prob. an abbrev. of lushious, fr. luscious.] Full of juice or succulence. Tennyson. How lush and lusty the grass looks! how green! Shak. Lushburg Lush"burg (?), n. See Lussheburgh. [Obs.] Lusitanian Lu`si*ta"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to Lusitania, the ancient name of the region almost coinciding with Portugal. -- n. One of the people of Lusitania. Lusk Lusk (?), a. Lazy; slothful. [Obs.] Lusk Lusk, n. A lazy fellow; a lubber. [Obs.] T. Kendall. Lusk Lusk, v. i. To be idle or unemployed. [Obs.] Luskish Lusk"ish, a. Inclined to be lazy. Marston. -- Lusk"*ish*ly, adv. -Lusk"ish*ness, n. [Obs.] Spenser. Lusorious, Lusory Lu*so"ri*ous (?), Lu"so*ry (?), a. [L. lusorius. See Illusory.] Used in play; sportive; playful. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson. Lussheburgh Lus"she*burgh (?), n. A spurious coin of light weight imported into England from Luxemburg, or Lussheburgh, as it was formerly called. [Obs.] God wot, no Lussheburghes payen ye. Chaucer. Lust Lust (?), n. [AS. lust, lust, pleasure, longing; akin to OS., D., G., & Sw. lust, Dan. & Icel. lyst, Goth lustus, and perh. tom Skr. lush to desire, or to E. loose. Cf. List to please, Listless.] 1. Pleasure [Obs.] " Lust and jollity." Chaucer. 2. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] For little lust had she to talk of aught. Spenser. My lust to devotion is little. Bp. Hall. 3. Longing desire; eagerness to possess or enjoy; -- in a had sense; as, the lust of gain. The lust of reigning. Milton. 4. Licentious craving; sexual appetite. Milton. 5. Hence: Virility; vigor; active power. [Obs.] Bacon. Lust Lust (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Lusting.] [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.] 1. To list; to like. [Obs.] Chaucer. " Do so if thou lust. " Latimer. NOTE: &hand; In earlier usage lust was impersonal. In the water vessel he it cast When that him luste. Chaucer. 2. To have an eager, passionate, and especially an inordinate or sinful desire, as for the gratification of the sexual appetite or of covetousness; -- often with after. Whatsoever thy soul lusteth after. Deut. xii. 15. Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her, hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. Matt. v. 28. The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy. James iv. 5. Luster Lust"er (?), n. One who lusts. Luster Lustre Lus"ter Lus"tre (?), n. [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.] A period of five years; a lustrum. Both of us have closed the tenth luster. Bolingbroke. Luster, Lustre Lus"ter, Lus"tre, n. [F. lustre; cf. It. lustro; both fr. L. lustrare to purify, go about (like the priests at the lustral sacrifice), traverse, survey, illuminate, fr. lustrum a purificatory sacrifice; perh. akin to E. loose. But lustrare to illuminate is perh. a different word, and akin to L. lucere to be light or clear, to shine. See Lucid, and cf. Illustrious, Lustrum.] 1. Brilliancy; splendor; brightness; glitter. The right mark and very true luster of the diamond. Sir T. More. The scorching sun was mounted high, In all its luster, to the noonday sky. Addison. NOTE: &hand; Th ere is a te ndency to limit the use of luster, in this sense, to the brightness of things which do not shine with their own light, or at least do not blaze or glow with heat. One speaks of the luster of a diamond, or of silk, or even of the stars, but not often now of the luster of the sun, a coal of fire, or the like. 2. Renown; splendor; distinction; glory. His ancestors continued about four hundred years, rather without obscurity than with any great luster. Sir H. Wotton. 3. A candlestick, chandelier, girandole, or the like, generally of an ornamental character. Pope. 4. (Min.) The appearance of the surface of a mineral as affected by, or dependent upon, peculiarities of its reflecting qualities. NOTE: &hand; Th e pr incipal ki nds of lu ster re cognized ar e: metallic, adamantine, vitreous, resinous, greasy, pearly, and silky. With respect to intensity, luster is characterized as splendent, shining, glistening, glimmering, and dull. 5. A substance which imparts luster to a surface, as plumbago and some of the glazes. 6. A fabric of wool and cotton with a lustrous surface, -- used for women's dresses. Luster ware, earthenware decorated by applying to the glazing metallic oxides, which acquire brilliancy in the process of baking. Luster, Lustre Lus"ter, Lus"tre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lustred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lustering, OR Lustring.] To make lustrous. [R. & Poetic] Flooded and lustered with her loosened gold. Lowell. Lustering Lus"ter*ing, n. 1. The act or process of imparting a luster, as to pottery. 2. The brightening of a metal in the crucible when it becomes pure, as in certain refining processes. Lusterless, Lustreless Lus"ter*less, Lus"tre*less, a. Destitute of luster; dim; dull. Lustful Lust"ful (?), a. 1. Full of lust; excited by lust Spenser. Tillotson. 2. Exciting lust; characterized by lust or sensuality. " Lustful orgies." Milton. 3. Strong; lusty. [Obs.] " Lustful health." Sackville. Syn. -- sensual; fleshly; carnal; inordinate; licentious; lewd; unchaste; impure; libidinous; lecherous. -- Lust"ful*ly, adv. -- Lust"ful*ness, n. Lustic Lus"tic (?), a. Lusty; vigorous. [Obs.] Lustihead Lus"ti*head (?), n. [Lusty + -head.] See Lustihood. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lustihood Lus"ti*hood (?), n. [Lusty + -hood.] State of being lusty; vigor of body. " Full of lustihood." Tennyson. Lustily Lus"ti*ly, adv. In a lusty or vigorous manner. Lustiness Lus"ti*ness, n. State of being lusty; vigor; strength. Lustless Lust"less (?), a. [CF. Listless.] 1. Lacking vigor; weak; spiritless. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. Free from sexual lust. Lustral Lus"tral (?), a. [L. lustralis, fr. lustrum: cf. F. lustral. See Lustrum.] 1. Of or pertaining to, or used for, purification; as, lustral days; lustral water. 2. Of or pertaining to a lustrum. Lustrate Lus"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lustrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lustrating (?).] [L. lustratus, p. p. of lustrare to lustrate, fr. lustrum. See Lustrum.] To make clear or pure by means of a propitiatory offering; to purify. We must purge, and cleanse, and lustrate the whole city. Hammond. Lustration Lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. lustratio: cf. F. lustration.] 1. The act of lustrating or purifying. And holy water for lustration bring. Dryden. 2. (Antiq.) A sacrifice, or ceremony, by which cities, fields, armies, or people, defiled by crimes, pestilence, or other cause of uncleanness, were purified. Lustre Lus"tre (?), n. Same as Luster. Lustrical Lus"tri*cal (?), a. [L. lustricus, fr. lustrum. See Lustrum.] Pertaining to, or used for, purification. Lustring Lus"tring (?), n. [F. lustrine, It. lustrino, fr. lustrare to polish, L. lustrare. See 3d Luster, and cf. Lutestring.] A kind of glossy silk fabric. See Lutestring. Lustrous Lus"trous (?), a. [Cf. F. lustreux. See 3d Luster.] Bright; shining; luminous. " Good sparks and lustrous." Shak. -- Lus"trous*ly, adv. Lustrum Lus"trum (?), n.; pl. E. Lustrums (#), L. Lustra (#). [L. Cf. 2d & 3d Luster.] A lustration or purification, especially the purification of the whole Roman people, which was made by the censors once in five years. Hence: A period of five years. Lustwort Lust"wort` n. (Bot.) See Sundew. Lusty Lust"y (?), a. [Compar. Lustier (?); superl. Lustiest.] [From Lust. See Lust, and cf. Luscious.] 1. Exhibiting lust or vigor; stout; strong; vigorous; robust; healthful; able of body. Neither would their old men, so many as were yet vigorous and lusty, be left at home. Milton. 2. Beautiful; handsome; pleasant. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. Of large size; big. [Obs.] " Three lusty vessels." Evelyn. Hence, sometimes, pregnant. [Obs. or Prov.] 4. Lustful; lascivious. [Obs.] Milton. Lusus natur\'91 Lu"sus na*tu"r\'91 (?). [L., fr. lusus sport + naturae, gen. of natura nature.] Sport or freak of nature; a deformed or unnatural production. Lutanist Lut"a*nist (?), n. [LL.lutanista, fr. lutana lute. See Lute the instrument.] A person that plays on the lute. Johnson. Lutarious Lu*ta"ri*ous (?), a. [L. lutarius fr. lutum mud.] Of, pertaining to, or like, mud; living in mud. [Obs.] Grew. Lutation Lu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. lutare, lutatum, to bedaub with mud, fr. lutum mud: cf. F. lutation.] The act or method of luting vessels. Lute Lute (?), n. [L. lutum mud, clay: cf. OF. lut.] 1. (Chem.) A cement of clay or other tenacious infusible substance for sealing joints in apparatus, or the mouths of vessels or tubes, or for coating the bodies of retorts, etc., when exposed to heat; -- called also luting. 2. A packing ring, as of rubber, for fruit jars, etc. 3. (Brick Making) A straight-edged piece of wood for striking off superfluous clay from mold. Lute Lute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Luted; p. pr. & vb. n. Luting.] To close or seal with lute; as, to lute on the cover of a crucible; to lute a joint. Lute Lute, n. [OF. leut, F. luth; skin to Pr. la\'a3t, It. li\'a3to, le\'a3to, Sp. la\'a3d, Pg. alaude; all fr. Ar. al'; al the + ' wood, timber, trunk or branch of a tree, staff, stick, wood of aloes, lute or harp.] (Mus.) A stringed instrument formerly much in use. It consists of four parts, namely, the table or front, the body, having nine or ten ribs or "sides," arranged like the divisions of a melon, the neck, which has nine or ten frets or divisions, and the head, or cross, in which the screws for tuning are inserted. The strings are struck with the right hand, and with the left the stops are pressed. Lute Lute, v. i. To sound, as a lute. Piers Plowman. Keats. Lute Lute, v. t. To play on a lute, or as on a lute. Knaves are men That lute and flute fantastic tenderness. Tennyson. Lute-backed Lute"-backed` (?), a. Having a curved spine. Luteic Lu*te"ic (?), a. (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, or derived from, weld (Reseda luteola). (b) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid resembling luteolin, but obtained from the flowers of Euphorbia cyparissias. Lutein Lu"te*in (?), n. [From corpus luteum.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance of a strongly marked yellow color, extracted from the yelk of eggs, and from the tissue of the corpus luteum. Lutenist Lut"e*nist (?), n. Same as Lutanist. Luteo- Lu"te*o- (?). [L. luteus.] (Chem.) A combining form signifying orange yellow or brownish yellow. Luteocobaltic Lu"te*o*co*balt"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of cobalt having a yellow color. Cf. Cobaltic. Luteocobaltic chloride (Chem.), a brilliant reddish yellow crystalline compound, Co2Cl6(NH3)12, obtained by the action of ammonium chloride on an ammoniacal solution of cobaltic chloride. Luteolin Lu"te*o*lin (?), n. [From NL. Reseda luteola, fr. L. luteolus yellowish, fr. luteus: cf. F. lut\'82oline. See Luteous.] (Chem.) A yellow dyestuff obtained from the foliage of the dyer's broom (Reseda luteola). Luteous Lu"te*ous (?), a. [L. luteus, fr. lutum dyer's broom, weld, which is used as a yellow dye.] Yellowish; more or less like buff. Luter Lut"er (?), n. [From 3d Lute.] One who plays on a lute. Luter Lut"er, n. [From Ist Lute.] One who applies lute. Lutescent Lu*tes"cent (?), a. [L. luteus yellow.] Of a yellowish color. Lutestring Lute"string` (?), n. [Corrupted fr. lustring.] A plain, stout, lustrous silk, used for ladies' dresses and for ribbon. Goldsmith. Luth Luth (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) The leatherback. Lutheran Lu"ther*an (?), a. (Eccl. Hist.) Of or pertaining to Luther; adhering to the doctrines of Luther or the Lutheran Church. Lutheran Lu"ther*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who accepts or adheres to the doctrines of Luther or the Lutheran Church. Lutheranism, Lutherism Lu"ther*an*ism, Lu"ther*ism (?), n. The doctrines taught by Luther or held by the Lutheran Church. Luthern Lu"thern (?), n. [F. lucarne a dormer, dormer window, garret window, L. lucerna lamp, fr. lucere to be light or clear, fr. lux light. See Light, n., and cf. Lucarne.] (Arch.) A dormer window. See Dormer. Lutidine Lu"ti*dine (?), n. [From toluidine, by transposition.] (Chem.) Any one of several metameric alkaloids, C5H3N.(CH3)2, of the pyridine series, obtained from bone oil as liquids, and having peculiar pungent odors. These alkaloids are also called respectively dimethyl pyridine, ethyl pyridine, etc. <-- most commonly 2,6-lutidine = 2,6-dimethyl pyridine --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 877 Luting Lut"ing (?), n. (Chem.) See Lute, a cement. Lutist Lut"ist, n. One who plays on a lute. Lutose Lu*tose" (?), a. [L. lutosus, fr. lutum mud.] Covered with clay; miry. Lutulence Lu"tu*lence (?), n. The state or quality of being lutulent. Lutulent Lu"tu*lent (?), a. [L. lutulentus, fr. lutum mud.] Muddy; turbid; thick. [Obs.] Luwack Lu*wack" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Paradoxure. Lux Lux (?), v. t. [Cf. F. luxer. See Luxate.] To put out of joint; to luxate. [Obs.] Luxate Lux"ate (?), a. [L. luxatus, p. p. of luxare to dislocate.] Luxated. [Obs.] Luxate Lux"ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Luxated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Luxating (?).] To displace, or remove from its proper place, as a joint; to put out of joint; to dislocate. Luxation Lux*a"tion (?), n. [L. luxatio: cf. F. luxation.] The act of luxating, or the state of being luxated; a dislocation. Luxe Luxe (?), n. [L. luxus: cf. F. luxe.] Luxury. [Obs.] Shenstone. \'90dition de luxe (. [F.] (Printing) A sumptuous edition as regards paper, illustrations, binding, etc. Luxive Lux"ive (?), a. Given to luxury; voluptuous. [Obs.] Luxullianite Lux*ul"li*an*ite (?), n. [So called from Luxullian, in Cornwall.] (Min.) A kind of granite from Luxullian, Cornwall, characterized by the presence of radiating groups of minute tourmaline crystals. Luxuriance Lux*u"ri*ance (?), n. [Cf. F. luxuriance.] The state or quality of being luxuriant; rank, vigorous growth; excessive abundance produced by rank growth. "Tropical luxuriance." B. Taylor. Luxuriancy Lux*u"ri*an*cy (?), n. The state or quality of being luxuriant; luxuriance. Flowers grow up in the garden in the greatest luxuriancy and profusion. Spectator. Luxuriant Lux*u"ri*ant (?), a. [L. luxurians, p. pr. of luxuriare: cf. F. luxuriant. See Luxuriate.] Exuberant in growth; rank; excessive; very abundant; as, a luxuriant growth of grass; luxuriant foliage. Prune the luxuriant, the uncouth refine. Pope. Luxuriant flower (Bot.), one in which the floral envelopes are overdeveloped at the expense of the essential organs. Luxuriantly Lux*u"ri*ant*ly, adv. In a luxuriant manner. Luxuriate Lux*u"ri*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Luxuriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Luxuriating.] [L. luxuriatus, p. p. of luxuriari, -are, to luxuriate. See Luxury.] 1. To grow exuberantly; to grow to superfluous abundance. " Corn luxuriates in a better mold." Burton. 2. To feed or live luxuriously; as, the herds luxuriate in the pastures. 3. To indulge with unrestrained delight and freedom; as, to luxuriate in description. Luxuriation Lux*u`ri*a"tion (?), n. The act or process luxuriating. Luxuriety Lux`u*ri"e*ty (?), n. Luxuriance. [Obs.] Luxurious Lux*u"ri*ous (?), a. [L. luxuriosus: cf. F. luxurieux. See Luxury.] Of or pertaining to luxury; ministering to luxury; supplied with the conditions of luxury; as, a luxurious life; a luxurious table; luxurious ease. " Luxurious cities. " Milton. -- Lux*u"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Lux*u"ri*ous*ness, n. Luxurist Lux"u*rist (?), n. One given to luxury. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple. Luxury Lux"u*ry (?), n.; pl. Luxuries (#). [L. luxuria, fr. luxus: cf. F. luxure.] 1. A free indulgence in costly food, dress, furniture, or anything expensive which gratifies the appetites or tastes. Riches expose a man to pride and luxury. Spectator. 2. Anything which pleases the senses, and is also costly, or difficult to obtain; an expensive rarity; as, silks, jewels, and rare fruits are luxuries; in some countries ice is a great luxury. He cut the side of a rock for a garden, and, by laying on it earth, furnished out a kind of luxury for a hermit. Addison. 3. Lechery; lust. [Obs.] Shak. Luxury is in wine and drunkenness. Chaucer. 4. Luxuriance; exuberance. [Obs.] Bacon. Syn. -- Voluptuousness; epicurism; effeminacy; sensuality; lasciviousness; dainty; delicacy; gratification. Luz Luz (?), n. A bone of the human body which was supposed by certain Rabbinical writers to be indestructible. Its location was a matter of dispute. Brande & C. -ly -ly (?). [OE. -lich, AS. -lic, orig. the same word as E. li, a. See Like, a.] A suffix forming adjectives and adverbs, and denoting likeness or resemblance. Lyam Ly"am (?), n. [See Leam.] A leash. [Obs.] Lycanthrope Ly"can*thrope (?), n. [Gr. 1. A human being fabled to have been changed into a wolf; a werewolf. 2. One affected with lycanthropy. Lycanthropia Ly`can*thro"pi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Lycanthropy, 2. Lycanthropic Ly`can*throp"ic (?), a. Pertaining to lycanthropy. Lycanthropist Ly*can"thro*pist (?), n. One affected by the disease lycanthropy. Lycanthropous Ly*can"thro*pous (?), a. Lycanthropic. Lycanthropy Ly*can"thro*py (?), n. [Gr. lycanthropie.] 1. The supposed act of turning one's self or another person into a wolf. Lowell. 2. (Med.) A kind of erratic melancholy, in which the patient imagines himself a wolf, and imitates the actions of that animal. Lyceum Ly*ce"um (?), n.; pl. E. Lyceums (#), L. Lycea (#). [L. lyceum, Gr. Wolf.] 1. A place of exercise with covered walks, in the suburbs of Athens, where Aristotle taught philosophy. 2. A house or apartment appropriated to instruction by lectures or disquisitions. 3. A higher school, in Europe, which prepares youths for the university. 4. An association for debate and literary improvement. Lyche Lyche (?), a. Like. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lychee Ly"chee` (?), n. (Bot.) See Litchi. Lych gate Lych" gate` (?). See under Lich. Lychnis Lych"nis (?), n. [L., a kind of red flower, Gr. lychni`s; cf. ly`chnos a lamp.] (Bot.) A genus of Old World plants belonging to the Pink family (Caryophyllace\'91). Most of the species have brilliantly colored flowers and cottony leaves, which may have anciently answered as wicks for lamps. The botanical name is in common use for the garden species. The corn cockle (Lychnis Githago) is a common weed in wheat fields. Lychnobite Lych"no*bite (?), n. [Gr. ly`chnos a lamp + bi`os life.] One who labors at night and sleeps in the day. Lychnoscope Lych"no*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Arch.) Same as Low side window, under Low, a. Lycine Lyc"ine (?), n. (Chem.) A weak base identical with betaine; -- so called because found in the boxthorn (Lycium barbarum). See Betaine.<-- (also called oxyneurine, glycine betaine, glycocoll betain; = carboxymethyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt. C5H11NO2 (zwitterion) --> Lycoperdon Ly`co*per"don (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) A genus of fungi, remarkable for the great quantity of spores, forming a fine dust, which is thrown out like smoke when the plant is compressed or burst; puffball. Lycopod Ly"co*pod (?), n. [Cf. F. lycopode.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Lycopodium. Lycopode Ly"co*pode (?), n. [F.] Same as Lycopodium powder. See under Lycopodium. Lycopodiaceous Ly`co*po`di*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging, or relating, to the Lycopodiace\'91, an order of cryptogamous plants (called also club mosses) with branching stems, and small, crowded, one-nerved, and usually pointed leaves. Lycopodite Ly*cop"o*dite (?), n. (Paleon.) An old name for a fossil club moss. Lycopodium Ly`co*po"di*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) A genus of mosslike plants, the type of the order Lycopodiace\'91; club moss. Lycopodium powder, a fine powder or dust composed of the spores of Lycopodium, and other plants of the order Lycopodiace\'91. It is highly inflammable, and is sometimes used in the manufacture of fireworks, and the artificial representation of lightning. Lycotropous Ly*cot"ro*pous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Campylotropous. Lyden Lyd"en (?), n. See Leden. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lydian Lyd"i*an (?), a. [L. Lydius, fr. Lydia, Gr. Of or pertaining to Lydia, a country of Asia Minor, or to its inhabitants; hence, soft; effeminate; -- said especially of one of the ancient Greek modes or keys, the music in which was of a soft, pathetic, or voluptuous character. Softly sweet in Lydian measures, Soon he soothed his soul to pleasures. Dryden. Lydian stone, a flint slate used by the ancients to try gold and silver; a touchstone. See Basanite. Lydine Lyd"ine (?), n. (Dyeing) A violet dye derived from aniline. Lye Lye (?), n. [Written also lie and ley.] [AS. le\'a0h; akin to D. loog, OHG. louga, G. lauge; cf. Icel. laug a bath, a hot spring.] A strong caustic alkaline solution of potassium salts, obtained by leaching wood ashes. It is much used in making soap, etc. Lye Lye, n. (Railroad) A short side line, connected with the main line; a turn-out; a siding. [Eng.] Lye Lye, n. A falsehood. [Obs.] See Lie. Lyencephala Ly`en*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of Mammalia, including the marsupials and monotremes; -- so called because the corpus callosum is rudimentary. Lyencephalous Ly`en*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Lyencephala. Lyerman Ly"er*man (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The cicada. Lygodium Ly*go"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of ferns with twining or climbing fronds, bearing stalked and variously-lobed divisions in pairs. NOTE: &hand; Ly godium pa lmatum, mu ch prized for indoor ornament, inhabits shaded and moist grassy places, from Massachusetts to Virginia and Kentucky, and sparingly southwards. Lying Ly"ing (?), p. pr. & vb. n. of Lie, to tell a falsehood. Lying Ly"ing, p. pr. & vb. n. of Lie, to be supported horizontally. Lying panel (Arch.), a panel in which the grain of the wood is horizontal. [R.] -- Lying to (Naut.), having the sails so disposed as to counteract each other. Lying-in Ly"ing-in" (?), n. 1. The state attending, and consequent to, childbirth; confinement. 2. The act of bearing a child. Lyingly Ly"ing*ly, adv. In a lying manner; falsely. Lyken Ly"ken (?), v. t. [See Like, v. t. ] To please; -- chiefly used impersonally. [Obs.] " Sith it lyketh you." Chaucer. Lym, OR Lymhound Lym (?), OR Lym"hound` (?), n. A dog held in a leam; a bloodhound; a limehound. [Obs.] Shak. Lymail Ly*mail" (?), n. See Limaille. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lyme grass Lyme" grass` (?). (Bot.) A coarse perennial grass of several species of Elymus, esp. E. Canadensis, and the European E. arenarius. Lymph Lymph (?), n. [L. lympha: cf. F. lymphe.] 1. A spring of water; hence, water, or a pure, transparent liquid like water. A fountain bubbled up, whose lymph serene Nothing of earthly mixture might distain. Trench. 2. (Anat.) An alkaline colorless fluid, contained in the lymphatic vessels, coagulable like blood, but free from red blood corpuscles. It is absorbed from the various tissues and organs of the body, and is finally discharged by the thoracic and right lymphatic ducts into the great veins near the heart. 3. (Med.) A fibrinous material exuded from the blood vessels in inflammation. In the process of healing it is either absorbed, or is converted into connective tissue binding the inflamed surfaces together. Lymph corpuscles (Anat.), finely granular nucleated cells, identical with the colorless blood corpuscles, present in the lymph and chyle. -- Lymph duct (Anat.), a lymphatic. -- Lymph heart. See Note under Heart, n., 1. Lymphadenitis Lym`pha*de*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Lymph, and Adenitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the lymphatic glands; -- called also lymphitis. Lymphadenoma Lym`pha*de*no"ma (?), n. [NL. See Lymph, Aden-, and -oma.] (Med.) See Lymphoma. Lymphangeitis Lym*phan`ge*i"tis (?), n. [NL., from L. lympha lymph + Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels. [Written also lymphangitis.] Lymphangial Lym*phan"gi*al (?), a. [See Lymphangeitis.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the lymphatics, or lymphoid tissue; lymphatic. Lymphate, Lymphated Lymph"ate (?), Lymph"a*ted (?), a. [L. lymphatus, p. p. of lymphare to water, dilute with water, to drive out of one's senses, to make mad.] Frightened into madness; raving. [Obs.] Lymphatic Lym*phat"ic (?), a. [L. lymphaticus distracted, frantic: cf. F. lymphatique] pertaining to, containing, or conveying lymph. 2. Madly enthusiastic; frantic. [Obs.] " Lymphatic rapture. " Sir T. Herbert. [See Lymphate.] Lymphatic gland (Anat.), one of the solid glandlike bodies connected with the lymphatics or the lacteals; -- called also lymphatic ganglion, and conglobate gland. -- Lymphatic temperament (Old Physiol.), a temperament in which the lymphatic system seems to predominate, that is, a system in which the complexion lacks color and the tissues seem to be of loose texture; hence, a temperament lacking energy, inactive, indisposed to exertion or excitement. See Temperament. Lymphatic Lym*phat"ic, n. 1. (Anat.) One of the lymphatic or absorbent vessels, which carry lymph and discharge it into the veins; lymph duct; lymphatic duct. 2. A mad enthusiast; a lunatic. [Obs.] Lymphitis Lym*phi"tis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) See Lymphadenitis. Lymphogenic Lym`pho*gen"ic (?), a. [Lymph + root of L. gignere to produce.] (Physiol.) Connected with, or formed in, the lymphatic glands. Lymphography Lym*phog"ra*phy (?), n. [Lymph + -graphy.] A description of the lymphatic vessels, their origin and uses. Lymphoid Lymph"oid (?), a. [Lymph + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling lymph; also, resembling a lymphatic gland; adenoid; as, lymphoid tissue. Lymphoma Lym*pho"ma (?), n. [NL. See Lymph, and -oma.] (Med.) A tumor having a structure resembling that of a lymphatic gland; -- called also lymphadenoma. Malignant lymphoma, a fatal disease characterized by the formation in various parts of the body of new growths resembling lymphatic glands in structure. Lymphy Lymph"y (?), a. Containing, or like, lymph. Lyn Lyn (?), n. A waterfall. See Lin. [Scot.] Lyncean Lyn*ce"an (?), a. [See Lynx.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the lynx. Lynch Lynch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lynched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lynching.] [See Note under Lynch law.] To inflict punishment upon, especially death, without the forms of law, as when a mob captures and hangs a suspected person. See Lynch law. Lyncher Lynch"er (?), n. One who assists in lynching. Lynch law Lynch" law` (?). The act or practice by private persons of inflicting punishment for crimes or offenses, without due process of law. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm Ly nch la w is sa id to be derived from a Virginian named Lynch, who took the law into his own hands. But the origin of the term is very doubtful. Lynde, Lynden Lynde (?), Lyn"den (?), n. See Linden. Lyne Lyne (?), n. Linen. [Obs.] Spenser. Lynx Lynx (?), n. [L. lynx, lyncis, Gr. lox, G. luchs, prob. named from its sharp sight, and akin to E. light. See Light, n., and cf. Ounce an animal.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of feline animals of the genus Felis, and subgenus Lynx. They have a short tail, and usually a pencil of hair on the tip of the ears. _________________________________________________________________ Page 878 NOTE: &hand; Am ong th e we ll-known sp ecies are the European lynx (Felis borealis); the Canada lynx or loup-cervier (F. Canadensis); the bay lynx of America (F. rufa), and its western spotted variety (var. maculata); and the pardine lynx (F. pardina) of Southern Europe. 2. (Astron.) One of the northern constellations. Lynx-eyed Lynx"-eyed` (?), a. Having acute sight. Lyonnaise Ly`on`naise" (?), a. [F. lyonnaise, fem. of lyonnais of Lyons.] (Cookery) Applied to boiled potatoes cut into small pieces and heated in oil or butter. They are usually flavored with onion and parsley. Lyopomata Ly`o*po"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of brachiopods, in which the valves of shell are not articulated by a hinge. It includes the Lingula, Discina, and allied forms. [Written also Lyopoma.] Lyra Ly"ra (?), n. [L. lyra, Gr. Lyre.] 1. (Astron.) A northern constellation, the Harp, containing a white star of the first magnitude, called Alpha Lyr\'91, or Vega.<-- has-member --> 2. (Anat.) The middle portion of the ventral surface of the fornix of the brain; -- so called from the arrangement of the lines with which it is marked in the human brain. Lyraid Ly"ra*id (?), n. (Astron.) Same as Lyrid. Lyrate, Lyrated Ly"rate (?), Ly"ra*ted (?), a. [NL. lyratus. See Lyre.] 1. (Bot.) Lyre-shaped, or spatulate and oblong, with small lobes toward the base; as, a lyrate leaf. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Shaped like a lyre, as the tail of the blackcock, or that of the lyre bird. Lyre Lyre (?), n. [OE. lire, OF. lyre, L. lyra, Gr. Lyra.] 1. (Mus.) A stringed instrument of music; a kind of harp much used by the ancients, as an accompaniment to poetry. NOTE: &hand; Th e ly re wa s the peculiar instrument of Apollo, the tutelary god of music and poetry. It gave name to the species of verse called lyric, to which it originally furnished an accompaniment 2. (Astron.) One of the constellations; Lyra. See Lyra. Lyre bat (Zo\'94l.), a small bat (Megaderma lyra), inhabiting India and Ceylon. It is remarkable for the enormous size and curious shape of the nose membrane and ears. -- Lyre turtle (Zo\'94l.), the leatherback. Lyre bird Lyre" bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of two or three species of Australian birds of the genus Menura. The male is remarkable for having the sixteen tail feathers very long and, when spread, arranged in the form of a lyre. The common lyre bird (Menura superba), inhabiting New South Wales, is about the size of a grouse. Its general color is brown, with rufous color on the throat, wings, tail coverts and tail. Called also lyre pheasant and lyre-tail. Lyric, Lyrical Lyr"ic (?), Lyr"ic*al (?), a. [L. lyricus, Gr. lyrique. See Lyre.] 1. Of or pertaining to a lyre or harp. 2. Fitted to be sung to the lyre; hence, also, appropriate for song; -- said especially of poetry which expresses the individual emotions of the poet. "Sweet lyric song." Milton. Lyric Lyr"ic, n. 1. A lyric poem; a lyrical composition. 2. A composer of lyric poems. [R.] Addison. 3. A verse of the kind usually employed in lyric poetry; -- used chiefly in the plural. <-- 4. pl. The words of a song. --> Lyrically Lyr"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a lyrical manner. Lyricism Lyr"i*cism (?), n. A lyric composition. Gray. Lyrid Ly"rid (?), n. (Astron.) One of the group of shooting stars which come into the air in certain years on or about the 19th of April; -- so called because the apparent path among the stars the stars if produced back wards crosses the constellation Lyra. Lyrie Ly"rie (?), n. [Icel. hl a sort of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A European fish (Peristethus cataphractum), having the body covered with bony plates, and having three spines projecting in front of the nose; -- called also noble, pluck, pogge, sea poacher, and armed bullhead. Lyriferous Ly*rif"er*ous (?), a. [Lyre + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a lyre-shaped shoulder girdle, as certain fishes. Lyrism Lyr"ism (?), n. [Cf. Gr. The act of playing on a lyre or harp. G. Eliot. Lyrist Lyr"ist, n. [L. lyristes, Gr. lyriste.] A musician who plays on the harp or lyre; a composer of lyrical poetry. Shelley. Lysimeter Ly*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument for measuring the water that percolates through a certain depth of soil. Knight. Lysis Ly"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) The resolution or favorable termination of a disease, coming on gradually and not marked by abrupt change. NOTE: &hand; It is us ually co ntrasted with crisis, in which the improvement is sudden and marked; as, pneumonia ends by crisis, typhoid fever by lysis. Lyssa Lys"sa (?), n. [NL. See Lytta.] (Med.) Hydrophobia. NOTE: &hand; Th e pl ural (L yss\'91) ha s been used to signify the pustules supposed to be developed under the tongue in hydrophobia. Lyterian Ly*te"ri*an (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Termination a disease; indicating the end of a disease. Lythe Lythe (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European pollack; -- called also laith, and leet. [Scot.] Lythe Lythe (?), a. [See Lithe, a.] Soft; flexible. [Obs.] Spenser. Lythonthriptic, Lythontriptic Lyth`on*thrip"tic (?), Lyth`on*trip"*tic (?), a. (Med.) See Lithontriptic. Lytta Lyt"ta (?), n.; pl. Lytt\'91 (#). [L., a worm said to grow under the tongue of dogs, and to cause canine madness, fr. Gr. (Anat.) A fibrous and muscular band lying within the longitudinal axis of the tongue in many mammals, as the dog. _________________________________________________________________