H H (?), the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as sh, th, th, as in shall, thing, thine (for zh see §274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also tch as in catch), with the latter, the sound of f, as in phase, phantom. In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, h following c and g indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before e, i, and y, as in chemistry, chiromancy, chyle, Ghent, Ghibelline, etc.; in some others, ch has the sound of sh, as in chicane. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8. NOTE: The na me (a itch) is from the French ache; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. y. The Greek H is from Ph\'d2nician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to c; as in E. horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E. hele, v. t., conceal; E. hide, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; E. hundred, L. centum, Gr. 'e-kat-on, Skr. &csdot;ata. H piece (Mining), the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve. H H (h&add;). (Mus.) The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See B. Ha Ha (h&add;), interj. [AS.] An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to "Well, it is so." Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke. Carlyle. Haaf Haaf (?), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan. hav, perh. akin to E. haven.] The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk, off the Shetland Isles. Haak Haak (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sea fish. See Hake. Ash. Haar Haar (?), n. [See Hoar.] A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill wind. [Scot.] T. Chalmers. Habeas corpus Ha"be*as corpus (?). [L. you may have the body.] (Law) A writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or judge; especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention by another, with the view to protect the right to personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify in a pending trial. Bouvier. Habendum Ha*ben"dum (?), n. [L., that must be had.] (Law) That part of a deed which follows the part called the premises, and determines the extent of the interest or estate granted; -- so called because it begins with the word Habendum. Kent. Haberdash Hab"er*dash (?), v. i. [See Haberdasher.] To deal in small wares. [R.] To haberdash in earth's base ware. Quarles. Haberdasher Hab"er*dash"er (?), n. [Prob. fr. Icel. hapurtask trumpery, trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. haversack, and to Icel. taska trunk, chest, pocket, G. tasche pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.] 1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.] The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats. Gascoigne. 2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc. Haberdashery Hab"er*dash"er*y (?), n. The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.), trifles. Burke. Haberdine Hab"er*dine" (?), n. [D. abberdaan, labberdaan; or a French form, cf. OF. habordeau, from the name of a Basque district, cf. F. Labourd, adj. Labourdin. The l was misunderstood as the French article.] A cod salted and dried. Ainsworth. Habergeon Ha*ber"ge*on (?), n. [F. haubergeon a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F. haubert. See Hauberk.] Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk. Chaucer. Habilatory Hab"i*la*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes. Ld. Lytton. Habile Hab"ile (?), a. [F. habile, L. habilis. See Able, Habit.] Fit; qualified; also, apt. [Obs.] Spenser. Habiliment Ha*bil"i*ment (?), n. [F. habillement, fr. habiller to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L. habilis. See Habile.] 1. A garment; an article of clothing. Camden. 2. pl. Dress, in general. Shak. Habilimented Ha*bil"i*ment*ed, a. Clothed. Taylor (1630). Habilitate Ha*bil"i*tate (?), a. [LL. habilitatus, p. p. of habilitare to enable.] Qualified or entitled. [Obs.] Bacon. Habilitate Ha*bil"i*tate (?), v. t. To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle. Johnson. Habilitation Ha*bil"i*ta"tion (?), n. [LL. habilitatio: cf. F. habilitation.] Equipment; qualification. [Obs.] Bacon. Hability Ha*bil"i*ty (?), n. [See Ability.] Ability; aptitude. [Obs.] Robynson. (More's Utopia). Habit Hab"it (#) n. [OE. habit, abit fr. habit fr. L. habitus state, appearance, dress, fr. habere to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E. have. See Have, and cf. Able, Binnacle, Debt, Due, Exhibit, Malady.] 1. The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; as, a religious habit; his habit is morose; elms have a spreading habit; esp., physical temperament or constitution; as, a full habit of body. 2. (Biol.) The general appearance and manner of life of a living organism. 3. Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent repetition; as, habit is second nature; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms of behavior. A man of very shy, retired habits. W. Irving. 4. Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; as, a riding habit. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy. Shak. There are, among the states, several of Venus, in different habits. Addison. Syn. -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion. -- Habit, Custom. Habit is a disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and with growing certainty, what we do often; custom is external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The custom of giving produces a habit of liberality; habits of devotion promote the custom of going to church. Custom also supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes of procedure; habit is a law of our being, a kind of "second nature" which grows up within us. How use doth breed a habit in a man ! Shak. He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute, Consent, or custom. Milton. Habit Hab"it (?), v. t. [ Habited; p. pr. & vb. n. Habiting.] [OE. habiten to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L. habitare to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr. habere to have. See Habit, n.] 1. To inhabit. [Obs.] In thilke places as they [birds] habiten. Rom. of R. 2. To dress; to clothe; to array. They habited themselves lite those rural deities. Dryden. 3. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Chapman. Habitability Hab"it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Habitableness. Habitable Hab"it*a*ble (?), a. [F. habitable, L. habitbilis.] Capable of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; as, the habitable world. -- Hab"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Hab"it*a*bly, adv. ______________________________________________________________ Page 662 Habitakle Hab"ita*kle (?), n [F. habitacle dwelling place, binnacle, L. habitaculum dwelling place. See Binnacle, Habit, v.] A dwelling place. Chaucer. Southey. Habitan Ha`bi`tan" (?), n. Same as Habitant, 2. General met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the feelings of the habitans or French yeomanry. W. Irwing. Habitance Hab"it*ance (?), n. [OF. habitance, LL. habitania.] Dwelling; abode; residence. [Obs.] Spenser. Habiitancy Habi"it*an*cy (?), n. Same as Inhabitancy. Habitant Hab`it*ant (?), n. [F. habitant. See Habit, v.t] 1. An inhabitant; a dweller. Milton. Pope. 2. [F. pron. (] An inhabitant or resident; -- a name applied to and denoting farmers of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the Province of Quebec; -- usually in plural. The habitants or cultivators of the soil. Parkman. Habitat Hab`i*tat (?), n. [L., it dwells, fr. habitare. See Habit, v. t.] 1. (Biol.) The natural abode, locality or region of an animal or plant. 2. Place where anything is commonly found. This word has its habitat in Oxfordshire. Earle. Habitation Hab`i*ta"tion (?), n. [F. habitation, L. habi(atio.] 1. The act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being inhabited; occupancy. Denham. 2. Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house. The Lord . . . blesseth the habitation of the just. Prov. iii. 33. Habitator Hab"ita`tor (?), n. [L.] A dweller; an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Habited Hab`it*ed (?), p. p. & a. 1. Clothed; arrayed; dressed; as, he was habited like a shepherd. 2. Fixed by habit; accustomed. [Obs.] So habited he was in sobriety. Fuller. 3. Inhabited. [Archaic] Another world, which is habited by the ghosts of men and women. Addison. Habitual Ha*bit"ual (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. habituel, LL. habituals. See Habit, n.] 1. Formed or acquired by habit or use. An habitual knowledge of certain rules and maxims. South. 2. According to habit; established by habit; customary; constant; as, the habiual practice of sin. It is the distinguishing mark of habitual piety to be grateful for the most common and ordinary blessings. Buckminster. Syn. -- Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted; ordinary; regular; familiar. -- Ha*bit"u*al*ly, adv. -- Ha*bit"u*al*ness, n. Habituate Ha*bit"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Habituated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Habituating (?).] [L. habituatus, p. p. of habituare to bring into a condition or habit of body: cf. F. habituer. See Habit.] 1. To make accustomed; to accustom; to familiarize. Our English dogs, who were habituated to a colder clime. Sir K. Digby. Men are first corrupted . . . and next they habituate themselves to their vicious practices. Tillotson. 2. To settle as an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple. Habituate Ha*bit"u*ate (?), a. Firmly established by custom; formed by habit; habitual. [R.] Hammond. Habituation Ha*bit`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. habituation.] The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated. Habitude Hab"i*tude (?), n. [F., fr. L. habitudo condition. See Habit.] 1. Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state with reference to something else; established or usual relations. South. The same ideas having immutably the same habitudes one to another. Locke. The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than habitudes of thinking. Landor. 2. Habitual association, intercourse, or familiarity. To write well, one must have frequent habitudes with the best company. Dryden. 3. Habit of body or of action. Shak. It is impossible to gain an exact habitude without an infinite Dryden. Habitue Ha`bi`tu`e" (?), n. [F., p. p. of habituer. See Habituate.] One who habitually frequents a place; as, an habitu\'82 of a theater. Habiture Hab"i*ture (?; 135), n. Habitude. [Obs.] Habitus Hab"i*tus (?), n. [L.] (Zo\'94l.) Habitude; mode of life; general appearance. Hable Ha"ble (?), a. See Habile. [Obs.] Spenser. Habnab Hab"nab (?), adv. [Hobnob.] By chance. [Obs.] Hachure Hach"ure (?), n. [F., fr. hacher to hack. See Hatching.] (Fine Arts) A short line used in drawing and engraving, especially in shading and denoting different surfaces, as in map drawing. See Hatching. Hacienda Ha`ci*en"da (? or ?), n. [Sp., fr. OSp. facienda employment, estate, fr. L. facienda, pl. of faciendum what is to be done, fr. facere to do. See Fact.] A large estate where work of any kind is done, as agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of animals; a cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a farming establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; -- a word used in Spanish-American regions. <-- 2. The main residence of a hacienda 1. --> Hack Hack (?), n. [See Hatch a half door.] 1. A frame or grating of various kinds; as, a frame for drying bricks, fish, or cheese; a rack for feeding cattle; a grating in a mill race, etc. 2. Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for drying. Hack Hack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hacking.] [OE. hakken; akin to D. hakken, G. hacken, Dan. hakke, Sw. hacka, and perh. to E. hew. Cf. Hew to cut, Haggle.] 1. To cut irregulary, without skill or definite purpose; to notch; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting instrument; as, to hack a post. My sword hacked like a handsaw. Shak. 2. Fig.: To mangle in speaking. Shak. Hack Hack, v. i. To cough faintly and frequently, or in a short, broken manner; as, a hacking cough. Hack Hack, n. 1. A notch; a cut. Shak. 2. An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick used in breaking stone. 3. A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken cough. Dr. H. More. 4. (Football) A kick on the shins. T. Hughes. Hack saw , a handsaw having a narrow blade stretched in an iron frame, for cutting metal. Hack Hack (?), n. [Shortened fr. hackney. See Hackney.] 1. A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire; also, a horse used in all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as distinguished from hunting and carriage horses. 2. A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly, a a coach with two seats inside facing each other; a hackney coach. On horse, on foot, in hacks and gilded chariots. Pope. 3. A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort of literary work; an overworked man; a drudge. Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed, Who long was a bookseller's hack. Goldsmith. 4. A procuress. Hack Hack, a. Hackneyed; hired; mercenary. Wakefield. Hack writer, a hack; one who writes for hire. "A vulgar hack writer." Macaulay. Hack Hack, v. t. 1. To use as a hack; to let out for hire. 2. To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to render trite and commonplace.<-- = hackney? --> The word "remarkable" has been so hacked of late. J. H. Newman. Hack Hack, v. i. 1. To be exposed or offered or to common use for hire; to turn prostitute. Hanmer. 2. To live the life of a drudge or hack. Goldsmith. Hackamore Hack"a*more (?), n. [Cf. Sp. jaquima headstall of a halter.] A halter consisting of a long leather or rope strap and headstall, -- used for leading or tieing a pack animal. [Western U.S.] Hackberry Hack"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of trees (Celtis) related to the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often edible, pulp. C. occidentalis is common in the Eastern United States. Gray. Hackbolt Hack"bolt` (?), n, (Zo\'94l.) The greater shearwater or hagdon. See Hagdon. Hackbuss Hack"buss (?), n. Same as Hagbut. Hackee Hack"ee (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or red squirrel. [U.S.] Hacker Hack"er (?), n. One who, or that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting instrument for making notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees in collecting turpentine; a hack. Hackery Hack"er*y (?), n. [Hind. chakr\'be.] A cart with wooden wheels, drawn by bullocks. [Bengal] Malcom. Hackle Hac"kle (?), n. [See Heckle, and cf. Hatchel.] 1. A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a hatchel. 2. Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk. 3. One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on the neck of fowls, most noticeable on the cock, -- often used in making artificial flies; hence, any feather so used. 4. An artificial fly for angling, made of feathers. Hackle Hac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hackling (?).] 1. To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel. 2. To tear asunder; to break in pieces. The other divisions of the kingdom being hackled and torn to pieces. Burke. Hackly Hac"kly (?), a. [From Hackle] 1. Rough or broken, as if hacked. 2. (Min.) Having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface; as, the hackly fracture of metallic iron. Hackman Hack"man (?), n.; pl. Hackmen (. The driver of a hack or carriage for public hire. Hackmatack Hack"ma*tack` (?), n. [Of American Indian origin.] (Bot.) The American larch (Larix Americana), a coniferous tree with slender deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained timber. Called also tamarack. Hackney Hack"ney (?), n.; pl. Hackneys (#). [OE. haceney, hacenay; cf. F. haquen\'82e a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also haquen\'82e, Sp. hacanea, OSp. facanea, D. hakkenei, also OF. haque horse, Sp. haca, OSp. faca; perh akin to E. hack to cut, and orig. meaning, a jolting horse. Cf. Hack a horse, Nag.] 1. A horse for riding or driving; a nag; a pony. Chaucer. 2. A horse or pony kept for hire. 3. A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney coach. 4. A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute. Hackney Hack"ney, a. Let out for hire; devoted to common use; hence, much used; trite; mean; as, hackney coaches; hackney authors. "Hackney tongue." Roscommon. <-- also hackneyed --> Hackney Hack"ney, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackneyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hackneying.] 1. To devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or carriage; to wear out in common service; to make trite or commonplace; as, a hackneyed metaphor or quotation. Had I lavish of my presence been, So common-hackneyed in the eyes of men. Shak. 2. To carry in a hackney coach. Cowper. Hackneyman Hack"ney*man (?), n.; pl. Hackneymen (. A man who lets horses and carriages for hire. Hackster Hack"ster (?), n. [From Hack to cut.] A bully; a bravo; a ruffian; an assassin. [Obs.] Milton. Hacqueton Hac"que*ton (?), n. Same as Acton. [Obs.] Had Had (?), imp. & p. p. of Have. [OE.had, hafde, hefde, AS. h\'91fde.] See Have. Had as lief, Had rather, Had better, Had as soon, etc., with a nominative and followed by the infinitive without to, are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction was that of the dative with forms of be, followed by the infinitive. See Had better, under Better. And lever me is be pore and trewe. [And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true.] C. Mundi (Trans. ). Him had been lever to be syke. [To him it had been preferable to be sick.] Fabian. For him was lever have at his bed's head Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. Chaucer. NOTE: Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and had for the forms of be. During the process of transition, the nominative with was or were, and the dative with had, are found. Poor lady, she were better love a dream. Shak. You were best hang yourself. Beau. & Fl. Me rather had my heart might feel your love Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy. Shak. I hadde levere than my scherte, That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I. Chaucer. I had as lief not be as live to be In awe of such a thing as I myself. Shak. I had rather be a dog and bay the moon, Than such a Roman. Shak. I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. Ps. lxxxiv.10. Hadder Had"der (?), n. Heather; heath. [Obs.] Burton. Haddie Had"die (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The haddock. [Scot.] Haddock Had"dock (?), n. [OE. hadoc, haddok, of unknown origin; cf. Ir. codog, Gael. adag, F. hadot.] (Zo\'94l.) A marine food fish (Melanogrammus \'91glefinus), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and dickie. Norway haddock, a marine edible fish (Sebastes marinus) of Northern Europe and America. See Rose fish. Hade Hade (?), n. [Cf. heald inclined, bowed down, G. halde declivity.] 1. The descent of a hill. [Obs.] 2. (Mining) The inclination or deviation from the vertical of any mineral vein. Hade Hade, v. i. (Mining) To deviate from the vertical; -- said of a vein, fault, or lode. Hades Ha"des (?), n. [Gr.Un-, Wit.] The nether world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the grave. And death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them. Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver. ). Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.). And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torments. Luke xvi.23 (Rev. Ver.). Hadj Hadj (?), n. [Ar.hajj, fr. hajja to set out, walk, go on a pilgrimage.] The pilgrimage to Mecca, performed by Mohammedans. Hadji Hadj"i (?), n. [Ar. h\'bej&imac;. See Hadj.] 1. A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca; -- used among Orientals as a respectful salutation or a title of honor. G. W. Curtis. 2. A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy sepulcher at Jerusalem. Heyse. Hadrosaurus Had`ro*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "adro`s thick + say^ros lizard.] (Paleon.) An American herbivorous dinosaur of great size, allied to the iguanodon. It is found in the Cretaceous formation. H\'91cceity H\'91c*ce`i*ty (?), [L. h\'91cce this.] (Logic) Literally, this-ness. A scholastic term to express individuality or singleness; as, this book. H\'91ma- H\'91m"a- (, H\'91m"a*to- (, H\'91m"o- (. [Gr. ai^"ma, blood.] Combining forms indicating relation or resemblance to blood, association with blood; as, h\'91mapod, h\'91matogenesis, h\'91moscope. NOTE: &hand; Wo rds fr om Gr . (h ema-, he mato-, hemo-, as well as h\'91ma-, h\'91mato-, h\'91mo-. H\'91machrome H\'91m"a*chrome (? OR ?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) Hematin. H\'91macyanin H\'91m`a*cy"a*nin (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance found in the blood of the octopus, which gives to it its blue color. NOTE: &hand; Wh en de prived of oxygen it is colorless, but becomes quickly blue in contact with oxygen, and is then generally called oxyh\'91macyanin. A similar blue coloring matter has been detected in small quantity in the blood of other animals and in the bile. H\'91macytometer H\'91m`a*cy*tom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91ma + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An apparatus for determining the number of corpuscles in a given quantity of blood. H\'91mad H\'91"mad (?), adv. [H\'91ma- + L. ad toward.] (Anat.) Toward the h\'91mal side; on the h\'91mal side of; -- opposed to neurad. H\'91madrometer or, H\'91madremometer H\'91m`a*drom"e*ter (? or ?), H\'91m`a*dre*mom"e*ter (?), n. Same as Hemadrometer. H\'91madrometry,H\'91madromometry H\'91m`a*drom"e*try (?),H\'91m`a*dro*mom"e*try (?), n. Same as Hemadrometry. H\'91madromograph H\'91m`a*drom"o*graph (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for registering the velocity of the blood. H\'91madynameter or H\'91madynamometer H\'91`ma*dy*nam"e*ter (? or ?) H\'91`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter (? or ?), Same as Hemadynamometer. H\'91madynamics H\'91ma*dy*nam"ics (, n. Same as Hemadynamics. H\'91mal H\'91"mal (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to the blood or blood vessels; also, ventral. See Hemal. H\'91maph\'91in H\'91m`a*ph\'91"in (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol.) A brownish substance sometimes found in the blood, in cases of jaundice. H\'91mapod H\'91m"a*pod (? or ?), n. [H\'91ma + -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) An h\'91mapodous animal. G. Rolleston. _________________________________________________________________ Page 663 H\'91mapodous H\'91*map"o*dous (?), a. (Anat.) Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the ventral or hemal side, as in vertebrates; -- opposed to neuropodous. H\'91mapoietic H\'91m`a*poi*et"ic (? or ?), a. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol.) Bloodforming; as, the h\'91mapoietic function of the spleen. H\'91mapophysis H\'91m`a*poph"y*sis (?), n. [NL.] Same as Hemapophysis. -- H\'91m`a*po*phys"i*al (#), a. H\'91mastatics H\'91m`a*stat"ics, n. Same as Hemastatics. H\'91matachometer H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) A form of apparatus (somewhat different from the hemadrometer) for measuring the velocity of the blood. H\'91matachometry H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*try (?), n. (Physiol.) The measurement of the velocity of the blood. H\'91matemesis H\'91m`a*tem"e*sis, n. Same as Hematemesis. H\'91matic H\'91*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the blood; sanguine; brownish red. H\'91matic acid (Physiol.), a hypothetical acid, supposed to be formed from hemoglobin during its oxidation in the lungs, and to have the power of freeing carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the serum. Thudichum. H\'91matin H\'91m"a*tin, n. Same as Hematin. H\'91matinometer H\'91m`a*ti*nom"e*ter, n. Same as Hematinometer. H\'91matinometric H\'91m`a*tin`o*met"ric, a. Same as Hematinometric. H\'91matite H\'91m"a*tite, n. Same as Hematite. H\'91matitic H\'91m`a*tit"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of a blood-red color; crimson; (Bot.) brownish red. H\'91mato- H\'91m"a*to- (? or ?), prefix. See H\'91ma-. H\'91matoblast H\'91m"a*to*blast (?), n. [H\'91mato- + -blast.] (Anat.) One of the very minute, disk-shaped bodies found in blood with the ordinary red corpuscles and white corpuscles; a third kind of blood corpuscle, supposed by some to be an early stage in the development of the red corpuscles; -- called also blood plaque, and blood plate.<-- = hemocytoblast, hematocytoblast. Precursor of erythroblasts, lymphoblasts, and myeloblasts, found mostly in bone marrow. Hayem's hematoblast = a platelet --> H\'91matocrya H\'91m`a*toc"ry*a (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The cold-blooded vertebrates. Same as Hematocrya. H\'91matocryal H\'91m`*a*toc"ry*al (?), a. Cold-blooded. H\'91matocrystallin H\'91m`a*to*crys"tal*lin, n. Same as Hematocrystallin. H\'91matodynamometer H\'91`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter (? or ?), n. Same as Hemadynamometer. H\'91matogenesis H\'91m`a*to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [H\'91mato- + genesis.] (Physiol.) (a) The origin and development of blood. (b) The transformation of venous arterial blood by respiration; hematosis. H\'91matogenic H\'91m`a*to*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to h\'91matogenesis. H\'91matogenous H\'91m`a*tog"e*nous (?), a. (Physiol.) Originating in the blood. H\'91matoglobulin H\'91m`a*to*glob"u*lin, n. Same as Hematoglobin. H\'91matoid H\'91m"a*toid, a. Same as Hematoid. H\'91matoidin H\'91m`a*toid"in, n. Same as Hematoidin. H\'91matoin H\'91*mat"o*in (?), n. [H\'91mato- + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance formed from the hematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the action of concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like bodies, called respectively h\'91matoporphyrin and h\'91matolin, are formed in a similar manner. H\'91matolin H\'91*mat"o*lin (?), n. See H\'91matoin. H\'91matology H\'91m`a*tol"o*gy (? or ?), n. The science which treats of the blood. Same as Hematology. H\'91matometer H\'91m`a*tom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mato- + -meter.] (Physiol.) (a) Same as Hemadynamometer. (b) An instrument for determining the number of blood corpuscles in a given quantity of blood. H\'91matophlina H\'91m`a*to*ph*li"na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. -gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Cheiroptera, including the bloodsucking bats. See Vampire. H\'91matoplast H\'91m"a*to*plast` (?), n. [H\'91mato- + Gr. (Anat.) Same as H\'91matoblast. H\'91matoplastic H\'91m`a*to*plas"tic (?), a. [H\'91mato- + -plastic.] (Physiol.) Blood formative; -- applied to a substance in early fetal life, which breaks up gradually into blood vessels. H\'91matoporphyrin H\'91m`a*to*por"phy*rin (?), n. [H\'91mato- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) See H\'91matoin. H\'91matosac H\'91m"a*to*sac` (?), n. [H\'91mato- + sac.] (Anat.) A vascular sac connected, beneath the brain, in many fishes, with the infundibulum. H\'91matoscope H\'91m"a*to*scope` (?), n. A h\'91moscope. H\'91matosin H\'91m`a*to"sin (? or ?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Hematin. [R.] H\'91matosis H\'91m`a*to"sis, n. Same as Hematosis. H\'91matotherma H\'91m`a*to*ther"ma (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hematotherma. H\'91matothermal H\'91m`a*to*ther"mal (?), a. Warm-blooded; homoiothermal. H\'91matothorax H\'91m`a*to*tho"rax, n. Same as Hemothorax. H\'91matexylin H\'91m`a*tex"y*lin (?), n. [See H\'91matoxylon.] (Chem.) The coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow crystalline substance, C16H14O6, with a sweetish taste. Formerly called also hematin. H\'91matoxylon H\'91m`a*tox"y*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single species, the H. Campechianum or logwood tree, native in Yucatan. H\'91matozo\'94n H\'91m`a*to*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. H\'91matozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A parasite inhabiting the blood; esp.: (a) Certain species of nematodes of the genus Filaria, sometimes found in the blood of man, the horse, the dog, etc. (b) The trematode, Bilharzia h\'91matobia, which infests the inhabitants of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death. H\'91mic H\'91"mic (? or ?), H\'91min H\'91"min (?), n. Same as Hemin. H\'91mo- H\'91m"o- (? or ?), prefix. See H\'91ma-. H\'91mochrome H\'91m"ochrome (?), n. Same as H\'91machrome. H\'91mochromogen H\'91m`o*chro"mogen (?), n. [H\'91mochrome + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body obtained from hemoglobin, by the action of reducing agents in the absence of oxygen. H\'91mochromometer H\'91m`o*chro*mom`e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mochrome + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of hemoglobin in a fluid, by comparing it with a solution of known strength and of normal color. H\'91mocyanin H\'91m`o*cy"a*nin (?), n. Same as H\'91macyanin. H\'91mocytolysis H\'91m`o*cy*tol"y*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) See H\'91mocytotrypsis. H\'91mocytometer H\'91m`o*cy*tom"e*ter, n. See H\'91macytometer. H\'91mocytotrypsis H\'91m`o*cy`to*tryp"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) A breaking up of the blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in distinction from solution of the corpuscles, or h\'91mcytolysis. H\'91modromograph H\'91m`o*drom"o*graph (?), n. Same as H\'91madromograph. H\'91modynameter H\'91`mo*dy*nam"e*ter (? or ?), n. Same as Hemadynamics. H\'91moglobin H\'91m`o*glo"bin, n. Same as Hemoglobin. H\'91moglobinometer H\'91m`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91moglobin + -meter.] Same as Hemochromometer. H\'91molutein H\'91m`o*lu"te*in (?), n. [H\'91mo- + corpus luteum.] (Physiol.) See Hematoidin. H\'91momanometer H\'91m`o*ma*nom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mo- + manometer.] Same as Hemadynamometer. H\'91mometer H\'91*mom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mo- + -meter.] (Physiol.) Same as Hemadynamometer. H\'91mony H\'91"mo*ny (?), n. [L. H\'91monia a name of Thessaly, the land of magic.] A plant described by Milton as "of sovereign use against all enchantments." H\'91moplastic H\'91mo*plas"tic, a. Same as H\'91matoplastic. H\'91morrhoidal H\'91m"or*rhoid"al, a. Same as Hemorrhoidal. H\'91moscope H\'91m"o*scope (? or ?), n. [H\'91mo- + -scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument devised by Hermann, for regulating and measuring the thickness of a layer of blood for spectroscopic examination. H\'91mostatic H\'91m`o*stat"ic (?), a. Same Hemostatic. H\'91motachometer H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. Same as H\'91matachometer. H\'91motachometry H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*try (?), n. Same as H\'91matachometry. Haf Haf (?), imp. of Heave. Hove. [Obs.] Chaucer. Haffle Haf"fle (?), v. i. [Cf. G. haften to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to stop, stammer.] To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to prevaricate. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. Haft Haft (?), n. [AS. h\'91ft; akin to D. & G. heft, Icel. hepti, and to E. Heave, or have. Cf. Heft.] 1. A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used; -- said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the hilt. This brandish'dagger I'll bury to the haft in her fair breast. Dryden. 2. A dwelling. [Scot.] Jamieson. Haft Haft, v. t. To set in, or furnish with, a haft; as, to haft a dagger. Hafter Haft"er (?), n. [haften to cling or stick to, and E. haffle.] A caviler; a wrangler. [Obs.] Baret. Hag Hag (?), n. [OE. hagge, hegge, with, hag, AS. h\'91gtesse; akin to OHG. hagazussa, G. hexe, D. heks, Dan. hex, Sw. h\'84xa. The first part of the word is prob. the same as E. haw, hedge, and the orig. meaning was perh., wood woman, wild woman. 1. A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard. [Obs.] "[Silenus] that old hag." Golding. 2. An ugly old woman. 3. A fury; a she-monster. Grashaw. 4. (Zo\'94l.) An eel-like marine marsipobranch (Myxine glutinosa), allied to the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order Hyperotpeta. Called also hagfish, borer, slime eel, sucker, and sleepmarken. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The hagdon or shearwater. 6. An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair. Blount. Hag moth (Zo\'94l.), a moth (Phobetron pithecium), the larva of which has curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees. -- Hag's tooth (Naut.), an ugly irregularity in the pattern of matting or pointing. Hag Hag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hagging.] To harass; to weary with vexation. How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits with the fancy of omens. L'Estrange. Hag Hag, n. [Scot. hag to cut; cf. E. hack.] 1. A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for felling, or which has been felled. This said, he led me over hoults and hags; Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew. Fairfax. 2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut. Dugdale. Hagberry Hag"ber"ry (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Prunus (P. Padus); the bird cherry. [Scot.] Hagborn Hag"born`, a. Born of a hag or witch. Shak. Hagbut Hag"but (?), n. [OF. haquebute, prob. a corruption of D. haakbus; haak hook + bus gun barrel. See Hook, and 2d Box, and cf. Arquebus.] A harquebus, of which the but was bent down or hooked for convenience in taking aim. [Written also haguebut and hackbuss.] Hagbutter Hag"but*ter (?), n. A soldier armed with a hagbut or arquebus. [Written also hackbutter.] Froude. Hagdon Hag"don (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of sea birds of the genus Puffinus; esp., P. major, the greater shearwarter, and P. Stricklandi, the black hagdon or sooty shearwater; -- called also hagdown, haglin, and hag. See Shearwater. Haggada Hag*ga"da (?), n.; pl. Haggadoth (#). [Rabbinic hagg\'bedh\'be, fr. Heb. higg\'c6dh to relate.] A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud, to explain or illustrate the text of the Old Testament. [Written also hadaga.] Haggard Hag"gard (?), a. [F. hagard; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See Hedge, 1st Haw, and -ard.] 1. Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as, a haggard or refractory hawk. [Obs.] Shak 2. [For hagged, fr. hag a witch, influenced by haggard wild.] Having the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed; having the features distorted or wasted, or anxious in appearance; as, haggard features, eyes. Staring his eyes, and haggard was his look. Dryden. Haggard Hag"gard, n. [See Haggard, a.] 1. (Falconry) A young or untrained hawk or falcon. 2. A fierce, intractable creature. I have loved this proud disdainful haggard. Shak. 3. [See Haggard, a., 2.] A hag. [Obs.] Garth. Haggard Hag"gard, n. [See 1st Haw, Hedge, and Yard an inclosed space.] A stackyard. [Prov. Eng.] Swift. Haggardly Hag"gard*ly, adv. In a haggard manner. Dryden. Hagged Hag"ged (?), a. Like a hag; lean; ugly. [R.] Haggis Hag"gis (?), n. [Scot. hag to hack, chop, E. hack. Formed, perhaps, in imitation of the F. hachis (E. hash), fr. hacher.] A Scotch pudding made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a sheep or lamb, minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly seasoned, and boiled in the stomach of the same animal; minced head and pluck. [Written also haggiss, haggess, and haggies.] Haggish Hag"gish (?), a. Like a hag; ugly; wrinkled. But on both did haggish age steal on. Shak. Haggishly Hag"gish*ly, adv. In the manner of a hag. Haggle Hag"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haggling (?).] [Freq. of Scot. hag, E. hack. See Hack to cut.] To cut roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; as, a boy haggles a stick of wood. Suffolk first died, and York, all haggled o'er, Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteeped. Shak. Haggle Hag"gle, v. i. To be difficult in bargaining; to stick at small matters; to chaffer; to higgle. Royalty and science never haggled about the value of blood. Walpole. Haggle Hag"gle, n. The act or process of haggling. Carlyle. Haggler Hag"gler (?), n. 1. One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining. 2. One who forestalls a market; a middleman between producer and dealer in London vegetable markets. Hagiarchy Ha"gi*ar`chy (?), n. [Gr. -archy.] A sacred government; by holy orders of men. Southey. Hagiocracy Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. Government by a priesthood; hierarchy. Hagiographa Ha`gi*og"ra*pha (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. 1. The last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, or that portion not contained in the Law and the Prophets. It comprises Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles. 2. (R. C. Ch.) The lives of the saints. Brande & C. Hagiographal Ha`gi*og"ra*phal (?), Pertaining to the hagiographa, or to sacred writings. Hagiographer Ha`gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. One of the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the saints. Shipley. Hagiography Ha`gi*og"ra*phy (?, 277), n. Same Hagiographa. Hagiolatry Ha`gi*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The invocation or worship of saints. Hagiologist Ha`gi*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who treats of the sacred writings; a writer of the lives of the saints; a hagiographer. Tylor. Hagiologists have related it without scruple. Southey. Hagiology Ha`gi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The history or description of the sacred writings or of sacred persons; a narrative of the lives of the saints; a catalogue of saints. J. H. Newman. Hagioscope Ha"gi*o*scope` (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An opening made in the interior walls of a cruciform church to afford a view of the altar to those in the transepts; -- called, in architecture, a squint. Hook. Hag-ridden Hag"-rid`den (?), a. Ridden by a hag or witch; hence, afflicted with nightmare. Beattie. Cheyne. _________________________________________________________________ Page 664 Hagseed Hag"seed` (?), n. The offspring of a hag. Shak. Hagship Hag"ship, n. The state or title of a hag. Middleton. Hag-taper Hag"-ta`per (?), n. [Cf. 1st Hag, and Hig-taper.] (Bot.) The great woolly mullein (Verbascum Thapsus). Haguebut Hague"but (?), n. See Hagbut. Hah Hah , interj. Same as Ha. Ha-ha Ha-ha" (?), n. [See Haw-haw.] A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or ditch, not visible till one is close upon it. [Written also haw-haw.] Haidingerite Hai"ding*er*ite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral consisting of the arseniate of lime; -- so named in honor of W. Haidinger, of Vienna. Haiduck Hai"duck (?), n. [G. haiduck, heiduck, fr. Hung. hajdu.] Formerly, a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary, now, a halberdier of a Hungarian noble, or an attendant in German or Hungarian courts. [Written also hayduck, heiduc, heiduck, and heyduk.] Haik Haik (?), n. [Ar. h\'beik, fr. h\'beka to weave.] A large piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an outer garment. [Written also hyke.] Heyse. Haikal Hai"kal (?), n. The central chapel of the three forming the sanctuary of a Coptic church. It contains the high altar, and is usually closed by an embroidered curtain. Hail Hail (?), n. [OE. hail, ha, AS. h\'91gel; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. hagel; Icel. hagl; cf. Gr. Small roundish masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed by the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are called hailstones. Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky. Milton. Hail Hail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.] [OE. hailen, AS. haqalian.] To pour down particles of ice, or frozen vapors. Hail Hail, v. t. To pour forcibly down, as hail. Shak. Hail Hail, a. Healthy. See Hale (the preferable spelling). Hail Hail, v. t. [OE. hailen, heilen, Icel. heil hale, sound, used in greeting. See Hale sound.] 1. To call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address. 2. To name; to designate; to call. And such a son as all men hailed me happy. Milton. Hail Hail, v. i. 1. To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with from; as, the steamer hails from New York. 2. To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to come; -- with from. [Colloq.] G. G. Halpine. Hail Hail, interj. [See Hail, v. t.] An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting. "Hail, brave friend." Shak. All hail. See in the Vocabulary. -- Hail Mary, a form of prayer made use of in the Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See Ave Maria. Hail Hail, n. A wish of health; a salutation; a loud call. "Their puissant hail." M. Arnold. The angel hail bestowed. Milton. Hail-fellow Hail"-fel`low (?), n. An intimate companion. Hail-fellow well met. Lyly. Hailse Hailse (?), v. t. [OE. hailsen, Icel. heilsa. Cf. Hall to call to.] To greet; to salute. [Obs.] P. Plowman. Hailshot Hail"shot` (?), n. pl. Small shot which scatter like hailstones. [Obs.] Hayward. Hailstone Hail"stone` (?), n. A single particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen raindrop; a pellet of hail. Hailstorm Hail"storm` (?), n. A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of hail. Haily Hai"ly (?), a. Of hail. "Haily showers." Pope. Han Han (?), v. t. [Cf. Sw. h\'84gn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge, fence. See Hedge.] To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass. "A ground . . . hained in." Holland. Hain't Hain't (?). A contraction of have not or has not; as, I hain't, he hain't, we hain't. [Colloq. or illiterate speech.] [Written also han't.]<-- now ain't --> Hair Hair (?), n. [OE. her, heer, h\'91r, AS. h&aemac;r; akin to OFries, h&emac;r, D. & G. haar, OHG. & Icel. h&amac;r, Dan. haar, Sw. h\'86r; cf. Lith. kasa.] 1. The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body. 2. One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting, in invertebrate animals, of a long, tubular part which is free and flexible, and a bulbous root imbedded in the skin. Then read he me how Sampson lost his hairs. Chaucer. And draweth new delights with hoary hairs. Spenser. 3. Hair (human or animal) used for various purposes; as, hair for stuffing cushions. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of growth. 5. An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated. Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (Nuphar). 6. A spring device used in a hair-trigger firearm. 7. A haircloth. [Obc.] Chaucer. 8. Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth. NOTE: &hand; Hairs is often used adjectively or in combination; as, hairbrush or hair brush, hair dye, hair oil, hairpin, hair powder, a brush, a dye, etc., for the hair. Against the hair, in a rough and disagreeable manner; against the grain. [Obs.] "You go against the hair of your professions." Shak. -- Hair bracket (Ship Carp.), a molding which comes in at the back of, or runs aft from, the figurehead. -- Hair cells (Anat.), cells with hairlike processes in the sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear. -- Hair compass, Hair divider, a compass or divider capable of delicate adjustment by means of a screw. -- Hair glove, a glove of horsehair for rubbing the skin. -- Hair lace, a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head. Swift. -- Hair line, a line made of hair; a very slender line. -- Hair moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth which destroys goods made of hair, esp. Tinea biselliella. -- Hair pencil, a brush or fine hair, for painting; -- generally called by the name of the hair used; as, a camel's hair pencil, a sable's hair pencil, etc. -- Hair plate, an iron plate forming the back of the hearth of a bloomery fire. -- Hair powder, a white perfumed powder, as of flour or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the head, or on wigs. -- Hair seal (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of eared seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion. -- Hair seating, haircloth for seats of chairs, etc. -- Hair shirt, a shirt, or a band for the loins, made of horsehair, and worn as a penance. -- Hair sieve, a strainer with a haircloth bottom. -- Hair snake. See Gordius. -- Hair space (Printing), the thinnest metal space used in lines of type. -- Hair stroke, a delicate stroke in writing. -- Hair trigger, a trigger so constructed as to discharge a firearm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair. Farrow. -- Not worth a hair, of no value. -- To a hair, with the nicest distinction. -- To split hairs, to make distinctions of useless nicety. Hairbell Hair"bell` (?), n. (Bot.) See Harebell. Hairbird Hair"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chipping sparrow. Hairbrained Hair"brained` (?), a. See Harebrained. Hairbreadth, Hair'sbreadth Hair"breadth` (?), Hair's"breadth` (. The diameter or breadth of a hair; a very small distance; sometimes, definitely, the forty-eighth part of an inch. Every one could sling stones at an hairbreadth and not miss. Judg. xx. 16 Hairbreadth Hair"breadth`, a. Having the breadth of a hair; very narrow; as, a hairbreadth escape. Hair-brown Hair"-brown` (?), a. Of a clear tint of brown, resembling brown human hair. It is composed of equal proportions of red and green. Hairbrush Hair"brush` (?), n. A brush for cleansing and smoothing the hair. Haircloth Hair"cloth`, n. Stuff or cloth made wholly or in part of hair. Hairdresser Hair"dress`er (?), n. One who dresses or cuts hair; a barber. Haired Haired (?), a. 1. Having hair. "A beast haired like a bear." Purchas. 2. In composition: Having (such) hair; as, red-haired. Hairen Hai"ren (?), a. [AS. h.] Hairy. [Obc.] His hairen shirt and his ascetic diet. J. Taylor. Hair grass Hair" grass` (?). (Bot.) A grass with very slender leaves or branches; as the Agrostis scabra, and several species of Aira or Deschampsia. Hairiness Hair"i*ness (?), n. The state of abounding, or being covered, with hair. Johnson. Hairless Hair"less, a. Destitute of hair. Shak. Hairpin Hair"pin` (, n. A pin, usually forked, or of bent wire, for fastening the hair in place, -- used by women. Hair-salt Hair"-salt` (?), n. [A translation of G. haarsalz.] (Min.) A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky fibers. Hairsplitter Hair"split`ter (?), n. One who makes excessively nice or needless distinctions in reasoning; one who quibbles. "The caviling hairsplitter." De Quincey. Hairsplitting Hair"split`ting (?), a. Making excessively nice or trivial distinctions in reasoning; subtle. -- n. The act or practice of making trivial distinctions. The ancient hairsplitting technicalities of special pleading. Charles Sumner. Hairspring Hair"spring` (?), n. (Horology) The slender recoil spring which regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece. Hairstreak Hair"streak` (?), n. A butterfly of the genus Thecla; as, the green hairstreak (T. rubi). Hairtail Hair"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of marine fishes of the genus Trichiurus; esp., T. lepterus of Europe and America. They are long and like a band, with a slender, pointed tail. Called also bladefish. Hairworm Hair"worm` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A nematoid worm of the genus Gordius, resembling a hair. See Gordius. Hairy Hair"y (?), a. Bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; hirsute. His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge. Milton. Haitian Hai"ti*an (?), a. & n. See Haytian.<-- Now the preferred spelling. --> Haye Ha"ye (?), n. [Ar. hayya snake.] (Zo\'94l.) The Egyptian asp or cobra (Naja haje.) It is related to the cobra of India, and like the latter has the power of inflating its neck into a hood. Its bite is very venomous. It is supposed to be the snake by means of whose bite Cleopatra committed suicide, and hence is sometimes called Cleopatra's snake or asp. See Asp. Hake Hake (?), n. [See Hatch a half door.] A drying shed, as for unburned tile. Hake Hake, n. [Also haak.] [Akin to Norweg. hakefisk, lit., hook fish, Prov. E. hake hook, G. hecht pike. See Hook.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merlucius, and allies. The common European hake is M. vulgaris; the American silver hake or whiting is M. bilinearis. Two American species (Phycis chuss and P. tenius) are important food fishes, and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also squirrel hake, and codling. Hake Hake (?), v. t. To loiter; to sneak. [Prov. Eng.] Hake's-dame Hake's"-dame` (?), n. See Forkbeard. Haketon Hak"e*ton (?), n. Same as Acton. [Obs.] Hakim Ha*kim" (?), n. [Ar. hak\'c6m.] A wise man; a physician, esp. a Mohammedan. [India] Hakim Ha"kim (?), n. [Ar. h\'bekim.] A Mohammedan title for a ruler; a judge. [India] Halacha Ha*la"cha (?), n.; pl. Halachoth([Heb. hal\'bech\'beh.] The general term for the Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of two branches of exposition in the Midrash. See Midrash. Ha-lation Ha-la"tion (?), n. (Photog.) An appearance as of a halo of light, surround the edges of dark object Halberd Hal"berd (?; 277), n. [F. hallebarde; of German origin; cf. MHG. helmbarte, G. hellebarte; prob. orig., an ax to split a helmet, fr. G. barte a broad ax (orig. from the same source as E. beard; cf. Icel. bar, a kind of ax, skegg beard, skeggia a kind of halberd) + helm helmet; but cf. also MNG. helm, halm, handle, and E. helve. See Beard, Helmet.] (Mil.) An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form. [Written also halbert.] Halberdier Hal`berd*ier" (?), n. [F. hallebardier.] One who is armed with a halberd. Strype. Halberd-shaped Hal"berd-shaped` (?), a. Hastate. Halcyon Hal"cy*on (?), n. [L. halcyon, alcyon, Gr.halcyon.] (Zo\'94l.) A kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits, as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia. Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be As halcyons brooding on a winter sea. Dryden. Halcyon Hal"cy*on, a. 1. Pertaining to, or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently said to lay her eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm weather about the winter solstice. 2. Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy. "Deep, halcyon repose." De Quincy. Halcyonian Hal`cy*o"ni*an (?), a. Halcyon; calm. Halcyonold Hal"cy*o*nold (?), a. & n. [Halcyon + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) See Alcyonoid. Hale Hale (?), a. [Written also heil, Icel. heill; akin to E. whole. See Whole.] Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a hale body. Last year we thought him strong and hale. Swift. Hale Hale, n. Welfare. [Obs.] All heedless of his dearest hale. Spenser. Hale Hale (h&amac;l OR h&add;l; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haled (h\'beld OR h&add;ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Haling.] [OE. halen, halien; cf. AS. holian, to acquire, get. See Haul.] To pull; to drag; to haul. See Haul. Chaucer. Easier both to freight, and to hale ashore. Milton. As some dark priest hales the reluctant victim. Shelley. Halesia Ha*le"si*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of American shrubs containing several species, called snowdrop trees, or silver-bell trees. They have showy, white flowers, drooping on slender pedicels. Half Half (?), a. [AS. healf, half, half; as a noun, half, side, part; akin to OS., OFries., & D. half, G. halb, Sw. half, Dan. halv, Icel. h\'belfr, Goth. halbs. Cf. Halve, Behalf.] 1. Consisting of a moiety, or half; as, a half bushel; a half hour; a half dollar; a half view. NOTE: &hand; Th e ad jective an d no un ar e often united to form a compound. 2. Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect; as, a half dream; half knowledge. Assumed from thence a half consent. Tennyson. Half ape (Zo\'94l.), a lemur. -- Half back. (Football) See under 2d Back. -- Half bent, the first notch, for the sear point to enter, in the tumbler of a gunlock; the halfcock notch. -- Half binding, a style of bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in leather. -- Half boarder, one who boards in part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding school who takes dinner only. -- Half-breadth plan (Shipbuilding), a horizontal plan of the half a vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines. -- Half cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the dominant. -- Half cap, a slight salute with the cap. [Obs.] Shak. -- A half cock, the position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch.<-- half cocked: see below, halfcocked: = unprepared, lacking forethought; -- as in go off half cocked --> -- Half hitch, a sailor's knot in a rope; half of a clove hitch. -- Half hose, short stockings; socks. -- Half measure, an imperfect or weak line of action. -- Half note (Mus.), a minim, one half of a semibreve. -- Half pay, half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an officer on half pay. -- Half price, half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced. -- Half round. (a) (Arch.) A molding of semicircular section. (b) (Mech.) Having one side flat and the other rounded; -- said of a file. -- Half shift (Mus.), a position of the hand, between the open position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and kindred instruments. See Shift. -- Half step (Mus.), a semitone; the smallest difference of pitch or interval, used in music. -- Half tide, the time or state of the tide equally distant from ebb and flood. -- Half time, half the ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the half-time system. -- Half tint (Fine Arts), a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or painting. See Demitint. -- Half truth, a statement only partially true, or which gives only a part of the truth. Mrs. Browning. -- Half year, the space of six moths; one term of a school when there are two terms in a year. _________________________________________________________________ Page 665 Half Half, adv. In an equal part or degree; in some paas, half-colored, half done, half-hearted, half persuaded, half conscious. "Half loth and half consenting." Dryden. Their children spoke halfin the speech of Ashdod. Neh. xiii. 24 Half Half (?), n.; pl. Halves (#). [AS. healf. See Half, a.] 1. Part; side; behalf. [Obs.] Wyclif. The four halves of the house. Chaucer. 2. One of two equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided; -- sometimes followed by of; as, a half of an apple. Not half his riches known, and yet despised. Milton. A friendship so complete Portioned in halves between us. Tennyson. Better half. See under Better. -- In half, in two; an expression sometimes used improperly instead of in OR into halves; as, to cut in half. [Colloq.] Dickens. -- In, OR On, one's half, in one's behalf; on one's part. [Obs.] -- To cry halves, to claim an equal share with another. -- To go halves, to share equally between two. Half Half, v. t. To halve. [Obs.] See Halve. Sir H. Wotton. Half-and-half Half`-and-half", n. A mixture of two malt liquors, esp. porter and ale, in about equal parts. Dickens. Halfbeak Half"beak` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any slender, marine fish of the genus Hemirhamphus, having the upper jaw much shorter than the lower; -- called also balahoo. Half blood Half" blood` (?). 1. The relation between persons born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of both; as, a brother or sister of the half blood. See Blood, n., 2 and 4. 2. A person so related to another. 3. A person whose father and mother are of different races; a half-breed. NOTE: &hand; In the 2d and 3d senses usually with a hyphen. Half-blooded Half"-blood`ed, a. 1. Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or races; having only one parent of good stock; as, a half-blooded sheep. 2. Degenerate; mean. Half-boot Half"-boot` (?), n. A boot with a short top covering only the ankle. See Cocker, and Congress boot, under Congress. Half-bound Half"-bound` (?), n. Having only the back and corners in leather, as a book. Half-bred Half"-bred` (?), a. 1. Half-blooded. [Obs.] 2. Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of good-breeding; not well trained. Atterbury. Half-breed Half"-breed` (?), a. Half-blooded. Half-breed Half"-breed`, n. A person who is blooded; the offspring of parents of different races, especially of the American Indian and the white race. Half-brother Half"-broth`er (?), n. A brother by one parent, but not by both. Half-caste Half"-caste` (?), n. One born of a European parent on the one side, and of a Hindoo or Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; as, half-caste parents. Half-clammed Half"-clammed` (?), a. Half-filled. [Obs.] Lions' half-clammed entrails roar food. Marston. Halfcock Half"cock` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halfcocked(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halfcocking.] To set the cock of (a firearm) at the first notch. To go off halfcocked. (a) To be discharged prematurely, or with the trigger at half cock; -- said of a firearm. (b) To do or say something without due thought or care. [Colloq. or Low] <-- now written half-cocked --> Half-cracked Half"-cracked` (?), a. Half-demented; half-witted. [Colloq.] Half-deck Half"-deck` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A shell of the genus Crepidula; a boat shell. See Boat shell. 2. See Half deck, under Deck. Half-decked Half"-decked` (?), a. Partially decked. The half-decked craft . . . used by the latter Vikings. Elton. Halfen Half"en (?), a. [From Half.] Wanting half its due qualities. [Obs.] Spencer. Halfendeal Half"en*deal` (?), adv. [OE. halfendele. See Half, and Deal.] Half; by the part. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- n. A half part. [Obs.] R. of Brunne. Halfer Half"er (?), n. 1. One who possesses or gives half only; one who shares. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu. 2. A male fallow deer gelded. Pegge (1814). Half-faced Half"-faced` (?), a. Showing only part of the face; wretched looking; meager. Shak. Half-fish Half"-fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon in its fifth year of growth. [Prov. Eng.] Half-hatched Half"-hatched` (?), a. Imperfectly hatched; as, half-hatched eggs. Gay. Half-heard Half"-heard` (?), a. Imperfectly or partly heard to the end. And leave half-heard the melancholy tale. Pope. Half-hearted Half"-heart`ed (?), a. 1. Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous; unkind. B. Jonson. 2. Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm. <-- (of actions) not performed with full effort --> H. James. Half-hourly Half"-hour`ly (?), a. Done or happening at intervals of half an hour. Half-learned Half"-learned` (?), a. Imperfectly learned. Half-length Half"-length` (?), a. Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a picture. Half-mast Half"-mast` (?), n. A point some distance below the top of a mast or staff; as, a flag a half-mast (a token of mourning, etc.). Half-moon Half"-moon`, n. 1. The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated. 2. The shape of a half-moon; a crescent. See how in warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings. Milton. 3. (Fort.) An outwork composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon; -- now called a ravelin. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A marine, sparoid, food fish of California (C\'91siosoma Californiense). The body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray below. Called also medialuna. Halfness Half"ness (?), n. The quality of being half; incompleteness. [R.] As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbor feels the wrong. Emerson. Halfpace Half"pace` (?), n. (Arch.) A platform of a staircase where the stair turns back in exactly the reverse direction of the lower flight. See Quarterpace. NOTE: &hand; Th is te rm an d quartepace are rare or unknown in the United States, platform or landing being used instead. Half-pike Half"-pike` (?), n. (Mil.) A short pike, sometimes carried by officers of infantry, sometimes used in boarding ships; a spontoon. Tatler. Half-port Half"-port` (?), n. (Naut.) One half of a shutter made in two parts for closing a porthole. Half-ray Half"-ray` (?), n. (Geom.) A straight line considered as drawn from a center to an indefinite distance in one direction, the complete ray being the whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both directions. Half-read Half"-read` (?), a. Informed by insufficient reading; superficial; shallow. Dryden. Half seas over Half" seas` o`ver (?). Half drunk. [Slang: used only predicatively.] Spectator. Half-sighted Half"-sight`ed (?), a. Seeing imperfectly; having weak discernment. Bacon. Half-sister Half"-sis`ter (?), n. A sister by one parent only. Half-strained Half"-strained` (?), a. Half-bred; imperfect. [R.] "A half-strained villain." Dryden. Half-sword Half"-sword` (?), n. Half the length of a sword; close fight. "At half-sword." Shak. Half-timbered Half"-tim`bered (?), a. (Arch.) Constructed of a timber frame, having the spaces filled in with masonry; -- said of buildings. Half-tounue Half"-tounue` (?), n. (O. Law) A jury, for the trial of a fore foreigner, composed equally of citizens and aliens. Halfway Half"way` (?), adv. In the middle; at half the distance; imperfectly; partially; as, he halfway yielded. Temples proud to meet their gods halfway. Young. Halfway Half"way`, a. Equally distant from the extremes; situated at an intermediate point; midway. Halfway covenant, a practice among the Congregational churches of New England, between 1657 and 1662, of permitting baptized persons of moral life and orthodox faith to enjoy all the privileges of church membership, save the partaking of the Lord's Supper. They were also allowed to present their children for baptism. -- Halfway house, an inn or place of call midway on a journey. Half-wit Half"-wit` (?), n. A foolish; a dolt; a blockhead; a dunce. Dryden. Half-witted Half"-wit`ted (?), a. Weak in intellect; silly. Half-yearly Half"-year`ly (?), a. Two in a year; semiannual. -- adv. Twice in a year; semiannually. Halibut Hal"i*but (?;277), n. [OE. hali holy + but, butte, flounder; akin to D. bot, G. butte; cf. D. heilbot, G. heilbutt. So named as being eaten on holidays. See Holy, Holiday.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, northern, marine flatfish (Hippoglossus vulgaris), of the family Pleuronectid\'91. It often grows very large, weighing more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food fish. [Written also holibut.] Halichondri\'91 Hal`i*chon"dri*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of sponges, having simple siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; -- called also Keratosilicoidea. Halicore Hal"i*core (?; L.?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Same as Dugong. Halidom Hal"i*dom (?), n. [AS. h\'beligd holiness, sacrament, sanctuary, relics; h\'belig holy + -d, E. -dom. See Holy.] 1. Holiness; sanctity; sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; -- used chiefly in oaths. [Archaic] So God me help and halidom. Piers Plowman. By my halidom, I was fast asleep. Shak. 2. Holy doom; the Last Day. [R.] Shipley. Halieutics Hal`i*eu"tics (?), n. [L. halieuticus pertaining to fishing, Gr. A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing; ichthyology. Halmas Hal"mas (?), a. [See Hallowmas.] The feast of All Saints; Hallowmas. [Obs.] Haliographer Ha`li*og"ra*pher (? or ?), n. One who writes about or describes the sea. Haliography Ha`li*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] Description of the sea; the science that treats of the sea. Haliotis Ha`li*o"tis (? or ?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine shells; the ear-shells. See Abalone. Haliotoid Ha"li*o*toid` (? or ?), a. [Haliots + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the genus Haliotis; ear-shaped. Halisauria Hal`i*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) The Enaliosauria. Halite Ha"lite (? or ?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Native salt; sodium chloride. Halituous Ha*lit"u*ous (?; 135), a. [L. halitus breath, vapor, fr. halare to breathe: cf. F. halitueux.] Produced by, or like, breath; vaporous. Boyle. Halk Halk (?), n. A nook; a corner. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hall Hall (?), n. [OE. halle, hal, AS. heal, heall; akin to D. hal, OS. & OHG. halla, G. halle, Icel. h\'94lt, and prob. from a root meaning, to hide, conceal, cover. See Hell, Helmet.] 1. A building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for public purposes; as, Westminster Hall, in London. 2. (a) The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted with the bower, which was the private or sleeping apartment. Full sooty was her bower and eke her hall. Chaucer. Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall: (b) A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated buildings of later times. Hence: (c) Any corridor or passage in a building. 3. A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house. Cowell. 4. A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed college). 5. The apartment in which English university students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; as, hall is at six o'clock. 6. Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an exclamation. [Obs.] "A hall! a hall!" B. Jonson. Syn. -- Entry; court; passage. See Vestibule. Hallage Hall"age (?; 48), n. (O. Eng. Law) A fee or toll paid for goods sold in a hall. Halleluiah, Hallelujah Hal`le*lu"iah, Hal`le*lu"jah (?), n. & interj. [Heb. See Alleluia.] Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; -- an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or adoration. Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver. ) So sung they, and the empyrean rung With Hallelujahs. Milton. In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,"any one as he walked in the fields, might hear the plowman at his hallelujahs." Sharp. Hallelujatic Hal`le*lu*jat"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs. [R.] Halliard Hal"liard (?), n. See Halyard. Hallidome Hal"li*dome (?), n. Same as Halidom. Hallier Hal"li*er (? or ?), n. [From Hale to pull.] A kind of net for catching birds. Hall-mark Hall"-mark` (?), n. The official stamp of the Goldsmiths' Company and other assay offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and silver articles, attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; -- as, a word or phrase lacks the hall-mark of the best writers. Halloa Hal*loa" (?). See Halloo. Halloo Hal*loo" (?), n. [Perh. fr. ah + lo; cf. AS. eal\'be, G. halloh, F. haler to set (a dog) on. Cf. Hollo, interj.] A loud exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a person or an animal; a shout. List! List! I hear Some far off halloo break the silent air. Milton. Halloo Hal*loo", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hallooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halloing.] To cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person, as by the word halloo. Country folks hallooed and hooted after me. Sir P. Sidney. Halloo Hal*loo", v. t. 1. To encourage with shouts. Old John hallooes his hounds again. Prior. 2. To chase with shouts or outcries. If I fly . . . Halloo me like a hare. Shak. 3. To call or shout to; to hail. Shak. Halloo Hal*loo", interj. [OE. halow. See Halloo, n.] An exclamation to call attention or to encourage one. Hallow Hal"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hallowed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hallowing.] [OE. halowen, halwien, halgien, AS. h\'belgian, fr. h\'belig holy. See Holy.] To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence. "Hallowed be thy name." Matt. vi. 9. Hallow the Sabbath day, to do no work therein. Jer. xvii. 24. His secret altar touched with hallowed fire. Milton. In a larger sense . . . we can not hallow this ground [Gettysburg]. A. Lincoln. Halloween Hal`low*een" (?), n. The evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day. [Scot.]<-- October 31 --> Burns. Hallowmas Hal"low*mas (?), n. [See Mass the eucharist.] The feast of All Saints, or Allhallows. To speak puling, like a beggar at Hallowmas. Shak. Halloysite Hal*loy"site (?), n. [Named after Omalius d'Halloy.] (Min.) A claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous masses, of a whitish color. Hallucal Hal"lu*cal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hallux. Hallucinate Hal*lu"ci*nate (?), v. i. [L. hallucinatus, alucinatus, p. p. of hallucinari, alucinari, to wander in mind, talk idly, dream.] To wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; -- used of mental processes. [R.] Byron. Hallucination Hal*lu`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L. hallucinatio cf. F. hallucination.] 1. The act of hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake; a blunder. This must have been the hallucination of the transcriber. Addison. _________________________________________________________________ Page 666 2. (Med.) The perception of objects which have no reality, or of sensations which have no corresponding external cause, arising from disorder or the nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion. Hallucinations are always evidence of cerebral derangement and are common phenomena of insanity. W. A. Hammond. Hallucinator Hal*lu"ci*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One whose judgment and acts are affected by hallucinations; one who errs on account of his hallucinations. N. Brit. Rev. Hallucinatory Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry (?), a. Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination. Hallux Hal"lux (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hallex, allex.] (Anat.) The first, or preaxial, digit of the hind limb, corresponding to the pollux in the fore limb; the great toe; the hind toe of birds. Halm Halm (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Haulm. Halma Hal"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek Antiq.) The long jump, with weights in the hands, -- the most important of the exercises of the Pentathlon. Halo Ha"lo (?), n.; pl. Halos(. [L. halos, acc. halo, Gr. volvere, and E. voluble.] 1. A luminous circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through crystals of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same atmospheric conditions. 2. A circle of light; especially, the bright ring represented in painting as surrounding the heads of saints and other holy persons; a glory; a nimbus. 3. An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's perception of, an object. 4. A colored circle around a nipple; an areola. Halo Ha"lo, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Haloed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haloing.] To form, or surround with, a halo; to encircle with, or as with, a halo. The fire That haloed round his saintly brow. Sothey. Haloed Ha"loed (?), a. Surrounded with a halo; invested with an ideal glory; glorified. Some haloed face bending over me. C. Bront\'82. Halogen Hal"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -gen: cf. F. halog\'8ane.] (Chem.) An electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See Chlorine family, under Chlorine. Halogenous Ha*log"e*nous (?), a. Of the nature of a halogen. Haloid Ha"loid (? or ?), a. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s salt + -oid: cf. F. cal.] (Chem.) Resembling salt; -- said of certain binary compounds consisting of a metal united to a negative element or radical, and now chiefly applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sometimes also to the fluorides and cyanides. -- n. A haloid substance. Halomancy Hal"o*man`cy (?), n. See Alomancy. Halometer Ha*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -meter.] An instrument for measuring the forms and angles of salts and crystals; a goniometer. Halones Ha*lo"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are seen outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg of the hen and other birds. Halophyte Hal"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + (Bot.) A plant found growing in salt marshes, or in the sea. Haloscope Ha"lo*scope (?), n. [Halo + -scope.] An instrument for exhibition or illustration of the phenomena of halos, parhelia, and the like. Halotrichite Hal*o*tri"chite (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls sea + fri`x, tricho`s, hair.] (Min.) An iron alum occurring in silky fibrous aggregates of a yellowish white color. Haloxyline Ha*lox"y*line, n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + xy`lon wood.] An explosive mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter, and ferrocyanide of potassium, used as a substitute for gunpowder. Halp Halp (?), imp. of Help. Helped. [Obs.] Halpace Hal"pace (?), n. (Arch.) See Haut pas. Hals Hals (?), n. [AS. heals; akin to D., G., & Goth. hals. See Collar.] The neck or throat. [Obs.] Do me hangen by the hals. Chaucer. Halse Halse (?), v. t. [AS. healsian.] 1. To embrace about the neck; to salute; to greet. [Obs.] Each other kissed glad And lovely halst. Spenser. 2. To adjure; to beseech; to entreat. [Obs.] O dere child, I halse thee, In virtue of the Holy Trinity. Chaucer. Halse Halse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halsed (h?lst); p. pr. & vb. n. Halsing.] [Cf. Hawser.] To haul; to hoist. [Obs.] Halsening Hal"sen*ing (?), a. Sounding harshly in the throat; inharmonious; rough. [Obs.] Carew. Halser Hals"er (?), n. See Hawser. Pope. Halt Halt (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contraction for holdeth. [Obs.] Chaucer. Halt Halt (?), n. [Formerly alt, It. alto, G. halt, fr. halten to hold. See Hold.] A stop in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of progress. Without any halt they marched. Clarendon. [Lovers] soon in passion's war contest, Yet in their march soon make a halt. Davenant. Halt Halt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halted; p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.] 1. To hold one's self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand still. 2. To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do; to h How long halt ye between two opinions? 1 Kings xviii. 21 Halt Halt (?), v. t. (Mil.) To cause to cease marching; to stop; as, the general halted his troops for refreshment. Halt Halt, a. [AS. healt; akin to OS., Dan., & Sw. halt, Icel. haltr, halltr, Goth. halts, OHG. halz.] Halting or stopping in walking; lame. Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind. Luke xiv. 21. Halt Halt, n. The act of limping; lameness. Halt Halt, v. i. [OE. halten, AS. healtian. See Halt, a.] 1. To walk lamely; to limp. 2. To have an irregular rhythm; to be defective. The blank verse shall halt for it. Shak. Halter Halt"er (?), n. One who halts or limps Halter Hal"ter (?), n. [OE. halter, helter, helfter, AS. h\'91lftre; akin to G. halfter, D. halfter, halster, and also to E. helve. See Helve.] A strong strap or cord. Especially: (a) A rope or strap, with or without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. (b) A rope for hanging malefactors; a noose. Shak. No man e'er felt the halter draw With good opinion of the law. Trumbull. Halter Hal"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haltering.] To tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter. "A haltered neck." Shak. Halteres Hal*te"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Balancers; the rudimentary hind wings of Diptera. Halter-sack Hal"ter-sack` (?), n. A term of reproach, implying that one is fit to be hanged. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Haltingly Halt"ing*ly (?), adv. In a halting or limping manner. Halvans Hal"vans (?), n. pl. (Mining) Impure ore; dirty ore. Halve Hal"ve (?), n. A half. [Obs.] Chaucer. Halve Halve (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halving.] [From Half.] 1. To divide into two equal parts; as, to halve an apple; to be or form half of. So far apart their lives are thrown From the twin soul that halves their own. M. Arnold. 2. (Arch.) To join, as two pieces of timber, by cutting away each for half its thickness at the joining place, and fitting together. Halved Halved (?), a. Appearing as if one side, or one half, were cut away; dimidiate. Halves Halves (?), n., pl. of Half. By halves, by one half at once; halfway; fragmentarily; partially; incompletely. I can not believe by halves; either I have faith, or I have it not. J. H. Newman. To go halves. See under Go. Halwe Hal"we (?), n. [OE., fr. AS. h\'belga. See Holy.] A saint. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hal'yard Hal'yard (?), n. [Hale, v. t. + yard.] (Naut.) A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc. [Written also halliard, haulyard.] Halysites Hal`y*si"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See Chain coral, under Chain. Ham Ham (?), n. Home. [North of Eng.] Chaucer. Ham Ham (?), n. [AS. ham; akin to D. ham, dial. G. hamme, OHG. hamma. Perh. named from the bend at the ham, and akin to E. chamber. Cf. Gammon ham.] 1. (Anat.) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock. 2. The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by salting and smoking. A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak ham. Shak. Hamadryad Ham"a*dry`ad (?), n.; pl. E. Hamadryads (#), L. Hamadryades (#). [L. Hamadryas, -adis, Gr. hamadryade. See Same, and Tree.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A tree nymph whose life ended with that of the particular tree, usually an oak, which had been her abode. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A large venomous East Indian snake (Orhiophagus bungarus), allied to the cobras. Hamadryas Ha*ma"dry*as (?), n. [L., a hamadryad. See Hamadryad.] (Zo\'94l.) The sacred baboon of Egypt (Cynocephalus Hamadryas). Hamamelis Ham`a*me"lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel (Hamamelis Virginica), a preparation of which is used medicinally. Hamate Ha"mate (?), a. [L. hamatus, fr. hamus hook.] Hooked; bent at the end into a hook; hamous. Hamated Ha"ma*ted (?), a. Hooked, or set with hooks; hamate. Swift. Hamatum Ha*ma"tum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hamatus hooked.] (Anat.) See Unciform. Hamble Ham"ble (?), v. t. [OE. hamelen to mutilate, AS. hamelian; akin to OHG. hamal to mutilate, hamal mutilated, ham mutilated, Icel. hamla to mutilate. Cf.Ham to fetter.] To hamstring. [Obs.] Hamburg Ham"burg (?), n. A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe. Black Hamburg grape. See under Black. -- Hamburg , a kind of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; -- used for trimming. -- Hamburg lake, a purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal. Hame Hame (?), n. Home. [Scot. & O. Eng.] Hame Hame, n. [Scot. haims, hammys, hems, OE. ham; cf. D. haam.] One of the two curved pieces of wood or metal, in the harness of a draught horse, to which the traces are fastened. They are fitted upon the collar, or have pads fitting the horse's neck attached to them. Hamel Ham"el (?), v. t. [Obs.] Same as Hamele. Hamesecken, Hamesucken Hame"seck`en (?), Hame"suck`en (?), n. [AS. h\'bems. See Home, and Seek.] (Scots Law) The felonious seeking and invasion of a person in his dwelling house. Bouvier. Hamiform Ha"mi*form (?), n. [L. hamus hook + -form.] Hook-shaped. Hamilton period Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.) A subdivision of the Devonian system of America; -- so named from Hamilton, Madison Co., New York. It includes the Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups. See the Chart of Geology. Haminura Ham`i*nu"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large edible river fish (Erythrinus macrodon) of Guiana. Hamite Ha"mite (?), n.[L. hamus hook.] (Paleon.) A fossil cephalopod of the genus Hamites, related to the ammonites, but having the last whorl bent into a hooklike form. Hamite Ham"ite (?), n. A descendant of Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x. 6-20. Haitic Ha*it"ic (?), a. Pertaining to Ham or his descendants. Hamitic languages, the group of languages spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and Som&acir;li Land, and supposed to be allied to the Semitic. Keith Johnson. Hamlet Ham"let (?), n. [OWE. hamelet, OF. hamelet, dim. of hamel, F. hameau, LL. hamellum, a dim. of German origin; cf. G. heim home. &root;220. See Home.] A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country. The country wasted, and the hamlets burned. Dryden. Syn. -- Village; neighborhood. See Village. Hamleted Ham"let*ed, p. a. Confined to a hamlet. Feltham. Hammer Ham"mer (?), n. [OE. hamer, AS. hamer, hamor; akin to D. hamer, G. & Dan. hammer, Sw. hammare, Icel. hamarr, hammer, crag, and perh. to Gr. a stone.] 1. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron, fixed crosswise to a handle. With busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak. 2. Something which in firm or action resembles the common hammer; as: (a) That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour. (b) The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to produce the tones. (c) (Anat.) The malleus. See under Ear. (Gun.) That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming. (e) Also, a person of thing that smites or shatters; as, St. Augustine was the hammer of heresies. He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the "massive iron hammers" of the whole earth. J. H. Newman. Atmospheric hammer, a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is formed by confined air. -- Drop hammer, Face hammer, etc. See under Drop, Face, etc. -- Hammer fish. See Hammerhead. -- Hammer hardening, the process of hardening metal by hammering it when cold. -- Hammer shell (Zo\'94l.), any species of Malleus, a genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; -- called also hammer oyster. -- To bring to the hammer, to put up at auction. Hammer Ham"mer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hammered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hammering.] 1. To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to hammer iron. 2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. "Hammered money." Dryden. 3. To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; -- usually with out. Who was hammering out a penny dialogue. Jeffry. Hammer Ham"mer, v. i. 1. To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer. Whereon this month I have hammering. Shak. 2. To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively. Blood and revenge are hammering in my head. Shak. Hammerable Ham"mer*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being formed or shaped by a hammer. Sherwood. Hammer-b Ham"mer-b (?), n. (Cothic Arch.) A member of one description of roof truss, called hammer-beam truss, which is so framed as not to have a tiebeam at the top of the wall. Each principal has two hammer-beams, which occupy the situation, and to some extent serve the purpose, of a tiebeam. Hammercloth Ham"mer*cloth` (?; 115), n. [Prob. fr. D. hemel heaven, canopy, tester (akin to G. himmel, and perh. also to E. heaven) + E. cloth; or perh. a corruption of hamper cloth.] The cloth which covers a coach box. Hammer-dressed Ham"mer-dressed` (?), a. Having the surface roughly shaped or faced with the stonecutter's hammer; -- said of building stone. Hammerer Ham"mer*er (?), n. One who works with a hammer. Hammer-harden Ham"mer-hard`en (?), v. t. To harden, as a metal, by hammering it in the cold state. Hammerhead Ham"mer*head` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A shark of the genus Sphyrna or Zyg\'91na, having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape. The Sphyrna zyg\'91na is found in the North Atlantic. Called also hammer fish, and balance fish. _________________________________________________________________ Page 667 2. (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water fish; the stone-roller. 3. (Zo\'94l.) An African fruit bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus); -- so called from its large blunt nozzle. Hammerkop Ham"mer*kop (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the Heron family; the umber. Hammer-less Ham"mer-less, a. (Firearms) Without a visible hammer; -- said of a gun having a cock or striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental touch. Hammerman Ham"mer*man (?), n.; pl. Hammermen (. A hammerer; a forgeman. Hammochrysos Ham`mo*chry"sos (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. chryso`s gold.] A stone with spangles of gold color in it. Hammock Ham"mock (?), n. [A word of Indian origin: cf. Sp. hamaca. Columbus, in the Narrative of his first voyage, says: "A great many Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering their cotton, and hamacas, or nets, in which they sleep."] 1. A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends. 2. A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; as, hammock land. [Southern U. S.] Bartlett. Hammock nettings (Naut.), formerly, nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used for that purpose. Hamose, Hamous Ha*mose" (?), Ha"mous (?),[L. hamus hook.] (Bot.) Having the end hooked or curved. Hamper Ham"per (?), n. [Contr. fr. hanaper.] A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; as, a hamper of wine; a clothes hamper; an oyster hamper, which contains two bushels. Hamper Ham"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hampering.] To put in a hamper. Hamper Ham"per, v. t. [OE. hamperen, hampren, prob. of the same origin as E. hamble.] To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to embarrass; to encumber. "Hampered nerves." Blackmore. A lion hampered in a net. L'Estrange. They hamper and entangle our souls. Tillotson. Hamper Ham"per, n. [See Hamper to shackle.] 1. A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes. W. Browne. 2. (Naut.) Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Top hamper (Naut.), unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft. Hamshackle Ham"shac`kle (?), v. t. [Ham + shackle.] To fasten (an animal) by a rope binding the head to one of the fore legs; as, to hamshackle a horse or cow; hence, to bind or restrain; to curb. Hamster Ham"ster (?), n. [G. hamster.] (Zo\'94l.) A small European rodent (Cricetus frumentarius). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.<-- often kept as a pet --> Hamstring Ham"string` (?), n. (Anat.) One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh. Hamstring Ham"string`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hamstrung; p. pr. & vb. n. Hamstringing. See String.] To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable. So have they hamstrung the valor of the subject by seeking to effeminate us all at home. Milton. Hamular Ham"u*lar (?), a. Hooked; hooklike; hamate; as, the hamular process of the sphenoid bone. Hamulate Ham"u*late (?), a. Furnished with a small hook; hook-shaped. Gray. Hamule Ham"ule (?), n. [L. hamulus.] A little hook. Hamulose Ham"u*lose" (?), a. [L. hamulus, dim. of hamus a hook.] Bearing a small hook at the end. Gray. Hamulus Ham"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Hamuli (. [L., a little hook.] 1. (Anat.) A hook, or hooklike process. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A hooked barbicel of a feather. Han Han (?), contr. inf. & plural pres. of Haven. To have; have. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Him thanken all, and thus they han an end. Chaucer. Hanap Han"ap (?), n. [F. hanap. See Hanaper.] A rich goblet, esp. one used on state occasions. [Obs.] Hanaper Han"a*per (?), n. [LL. hanaperium a large vase, fr. hanaus vase, bowl, cup (whence F. hanap); of German origin; cf. ONG. hnapf, G. napf, akin to AS. hn\'91p cup, bowl. Cf. Hamper, Nappy, n.] A kind of basket, usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the packing and carrying of articles; a hamper. Hanaper office, an office of the English court of chancery in which writs relating to the business of the public, and the returns to them, were anciently kept in a hanaper or hamper. Blackstone. Hance Hance (?), v. t. [See Enhance.] To raise; to elevate. [Obs.] Lydgate. Hance, Hanch Hance (?), Hanch (?),[See Hanse.] 1. (Arch.) See Hanse. 2. (Naut.) A sudden fall or break, as the fall of the fife rail down to the gangway. Hand Hand (?), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h\'94nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.). Cf. Hunt.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See Manus. 2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand; as: (a) A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four extremities of a monkey. (b) An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute hand of a clock. 3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four inches; a palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses. 4. Side; part; direction, either right or left. On this hand and that hand, were hangings. Ex. xxxviii. 15. The Protestants were then on the winning hand. Milton. 5. Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity. He had a great mind to try his hand at a Spectator. Addison. 6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner of performance. To change the hand in carrying on the war. Clarendon. Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my hand. Judges vi. 36. 7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; as, a deck hand; a farm hand; an old hand at speaking. A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many hands, as well as too much time, ever to be hoped for. Locke. I was always reckoned a lively hand at a simile. Hazlitt. 8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad or running hand. Hence, a signature. I say she never did invent this letter; This is a man's invention and his hand. Shak. Some writs require a judge's hand. Burril. 9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction; management; -- usually in the plural. "Receiving in hand one year's tribute." Knolles. Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the goverment of Britain. Milton. 10. Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to buy at first hand, that is, from the producer, or when new; at second hand, that is, when no longer in the producer's hand, or when not new. 11. Rate; price. [Obs.] "Business is bought at a dear hand, where there is small dispatch." Bacon. 12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once; as: (a) (Card Playing) The quota of cards received from the dealer. (b) (Tobacco Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together. 13. (Firearms) The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking aim. NOTE: &hand; Ha nd is used figuratively for a large variety of acts or things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as: (a) Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from the head, which implies thought, and the heart, which implies affection. "His hand will be against every man." Gen. xvi. 12.(b) Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the Scriptures. "With a mighty hand . . . will I rule over you." Ezek. xx. 33.(c) Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the hand; to give the right hand. (d) Contract; -- commonly of marriage; as, to ask the hand; to pledge the hand. NOTE: &hand; Ha nd is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or without the hyphen), signifying performed by the hand; as, hand blow or hand-blow, hand gripe or hand-gripe: used by, or designed for, the hand; as, hand ball or handball, hand bow, hand fetter, hand grenade or hand-grenade, handgun or hand gun, handloom or hand loom, handmill or hand organ or handorgan, handsaw or hand saw, hand-weapon: measured or regulated by the hand; as, handbreadth or hand's breadth, hand gallop or hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following paragraph are written either as two words or in combination. Hand bag, a satchel; a small bag for carrying books, papers, parcels, etc. -- Hand basket, a small or portable basket. -- Hand bell, a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell. Bacon. -- Hand bill, a small pruning hook. See 4th Bill. -- Hand car. See under Car. -- Hand director (Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a good position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand guide. -- Hand drop. See Wrist drop. -- Hand gallop. See under Gallop. -- Hand gear (Mach.), apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine, usually operated by other power, may be operated by hand. -- Hand glass. (a) A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of plants. (b) A small mirror with a handle. -- Hand guide. Same as Hand director (above). -- Hand language, the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology. -- Hand lathe. See under Lathe. -- Hand money, money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest money. -- Hand organ (Mus.), a barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand. -- Hand plant. (Bot.) Same as Hand tree (below). -- Hand rail, a rail, as in staircases, to hold by. Gwilt. -- Hand sail, a sail managed by the hand. Sir W. Temple. -- Hand screen, a small screen to be held in the hand. -- Hand screw, a small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights; (Carp.) a screw clamp. -- Hand staff (pl. Hand staves), a javelin. Ezek. xxxix. 9. -- Hand stamp, a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling papers, envelopes, etc. -- Hand tree (Bot.), a lofty tree found in Mexico (Cheirostemon platanoides), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the form of a hand. -- Hand vise, a small vise held in the hand in doing small work. Moxon. -- Hand work, OR Handwork, work done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by a machine; handiwork. -- All hands, everybody; all parties. -- At all hands, On all hands, on all sides; from every direction; generally. -- At any hand, At no hand, in any (or no) way or direction; on any account; on no account. "And therefore at no hand consisting with the safety and interests of humility." Jer. Taylor. -- At first hand, At second hand. See def. 10 (above). -- At hand. (a) Near in time or place; either present and within reach, or not far distant. "Your husband is at hand; I hear his trumpet." Shak. (b) Under the hand or bridle. [Obs.] "Horses hot at hand." Shak. -- At the hand of, by the act of; as a gift from. "Shall we receive good at the hand of God and shall we not receive evil?" Job ii. 10. -- Bridle hand. See under Bridle. -- By hand, with the hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift, draw, or carry by hand. -- Clean hands, freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty in money matters, or of bribe taking. "He that hath clean hands shall be stronger and stronger." Job xvii. 9. -- From hand to hand, from one person to another. -- Hand in hand. (a) In union; conjointly; unitedly. Swift. (b) Just; fair; equitable. As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand comparison. Shak. -- Hand over hand, Hand over fist, by passing the hands alternately one before or above another; as, to climb hand over hand; also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase hand over hand. -- Hand over head, negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. [Obs.] Bacon. -- Hand running, consecutively; as, he won ten times hand running. -- Hand off! keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling! -- Hand to hand, in close union; in close fight; as, a hand to hand contest. Dryden. -- Heavy hand, severity or oppression. -- In hand. (a) Paid down. "A considerable reward in hand, and . . . a far greater reward hereafter." Tillotson. (b) In preparation; taking place. Chaucer. "Revels . . . in hand." Shak. (c) Under consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the business in hand. -- In one's hand OR hands. (a) In one's possession or keeping. (b) At one's risk, or peril; as, I took my life in my hand. -- Laying on of hands, a form used in consecrating to office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing persons. -- Light hand, gentleness; moderation. -- Note of hand, a promissory note. -- Off hand, Out of hand, forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or difficulty; promptly. "She causeth them to be hanged up out of hand." Spenser. -- Off one's hands, out of one's possession or care. -- On hand, in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods on hand. -- On one's hands, in one's possession care, or management. -- Putting the hand under the thigh, an ancient Jewish ceremony used in swearing. -- Right hand, the place of honor, power, and strength. -- Slack hand, idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth. -- Strict hand, severe discipline; rigorous government. -- To bear a hand (Naut), to give help quickly; to hasten. -- To bear in hand, to keep in expectation with false pretenses. [Obs.] Shak. -- To be hand and glove, OR in glove with. See under Glove. -- To be on the mending hand, to be convalescent or improving. -- To bring up by hand, to feed (an infant) without suckling it. -- To change hand. See Change. -- To change hands, to change sides, or change owners. Hudibras. -- To clap the hands, to express joy or applause, as by striking the palms of the hands together. -- To come to hand, to be received; to be taken into possession; as, the letter came to hand yesterday. -- To get hand, to gain influence. [Obs.] Appetites have . . . got such a hand over them. Baxter. -- To got one's hand in, to make a beginning in a certain work; to become accustomed to a particular business. -- To have a hand in, to be concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed in. -- To have in hand. (a) To have in one's power or control. Chaucer. (b) To be engaged upon or occupied with. -- To have one's hands full, to have in hand al that one can do, or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor or engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties. -- To have, OR get, the (higher) upper hand, to have, or get, the better of another person or thing. -- To his hand, To my hand, etc., in readiness; already prepared. "The work is made to his hands." Locke. -- To hold hand, to compete successfully or on even conditions. [Obs.] Shak. -- To lay hands on, to seize; to assault. -- To lend a hand, to give assistance. -- To lift, OR put forth, the hand against, to attack; to oppose; to kill. -- To live from hand to mouth, to obtain food and other necessaries as want compels, without previous provision. -- To make one's hand, to gain advantage or profit. -- To put the hand unto, to steal. Ex. xxii. 8.-- To put the last, OR finishing, hand to, to make the last corrections in; to complete; to perfect. -- To set the hand to, to engage in; to undertake. That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine hand to. Deut. xxiii. 20. -- To stand one in hand, to concern or affect one. -- To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. -- To take in hand. (a) To attempt or undertake. (b) To seize and deal with; as, he took him in hand. -- To wash the hands of, to disclaim or renounce interest in, or responsibility for, a person or action; as, to wash one's hands of a business. Matt. xxvii. 24. -- Under the hand of, authenticated by the handwriting or signature of; as, the deed is executed under the hand and seal of the owner. Hand Hand (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handed; p. pr. & vb. n. Handing.] 1. To give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he handed them the letter. 2. To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; as, to hand a lady into a carriage. 3. To manage; as, I hand my oar. [Obs.] Prior. 4. To seize; to lay hands on. [Obs.] Shak. 5. To pledge by the hand; to handfast. [R.] 6. (Naut.) To furl; -- said of a sail. Totten. To hand down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor; as, fables are handed down from age to age; to forward to the proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of the Court of Appeals handed down its decision. -- To hand over, to yield control of; to surrender; to deliver up. Hand Hand, v. i. To co\'94perate. [Obs.] Massinger. Handbarrow Hand"bar"row (?), n. A frame or barrow, without a wheel, carried by hand. Handbill Hand"bill` (?), n. 1. A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by hand. 2. A pruning hook. [Usually written hand bill.] Handbook Hand"book` (?), n. [Hand + book; cf. AS. handb, or G. handbuch.] A book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a guidebook. Handbreadth Hand"breadth` (?), n. A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm. Ex. xxxvii. 12. Handcart Hand"cart`, n. A cart drawn or pushed by hand. Handcloth Hand"cloth` (?; 115), n. A handkerchief. Handcraft Hand"craft` (?), n. Same as Handicraft. Handcraftsman Hand"crafts`man (?), n.; pl. -men (. A handicraftsman. Handcuff Hand"cuff` (?), n. [AS. handcops; hand hand + cosp, cops, fetter. The second part was confused with E. cuffs,] A fastening, consisting of an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a manacle; -- usually in the plural. _________________________________________________________________ Page 668 Handcuff Hand"cuff` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handcuffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Handcuffing.] To apply handcuffs to; to manacle. Hay (1754). Handed Hand"ed, a. 1. With hands joined; hand in hand. Into their inmost bower, Handed they went. Milton. 2. Having a peculiar or characteristic hand. As poisonous tongued as handed. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ha nded is used in composition in the sense of having (such or so many) hands; as, bloody-handed; free-handed; heavy-handed; left-handed; single-handed. Hander Hand"er (?), n. One who hands over or transmits; a conveyer in succession. Dryden. Handfast Hand"fast` (?), n. 1. Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or keeping. [Obs.] Shak. 2. Contract; specifically, espousal. [Obs.] Handfast Hand"fast`, a. Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands. [Obs.] Bale. Handfast Hand"fast`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handfasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Handfasting.] To pledge; to bind; to betroth by joining hands, in order to cohabitation, before the celebration of marriage. [Obs.]<-- ##?? to allow cohabitation? --> Handfast Hand"fast`, n. [G. handfest; hand hand + fest strong. See Fast.] Strong; steadfast.[R.] Carlyle. Handfastly Hand"fast`ly, adv. In a handfast or publicly pledged manner. [Obs.] Holinshed. Handfish Hand"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The frogfish. Handful Hand"ful (?), n.; pl. Hand flus (#). [AS. handfull.] 1. As much as the hand will grasp or contain. Addison. 2. A hand's breadth; four inches. [Obs.] Knap the tongs together about a handful from the bottom. Bacon. 3. A small quantity. This handful of men were tied to very hard duty. Fuller. To have one's handful, to have one's hands full; to have all one can do. [Obs.] They had their handful to defend themselves from firing. Sir. W. Raleigh. Hand-hole Hand"-hole (?), n. (Steam Boilers) A small hole in a boiler for the insertion of the hand in cleaning, etc. Hand-hole plate, the cover of a hand-hole. Handicap Hand"i*cap (?), n. [From hand in cap; -- perh. in reference to an old mode of setting a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.] 1. An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race to the competitor possessing inferior advantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing superior advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success; as, the handicap was five seconds, or ten pounds, and the like. 2. A race, for horses or men, or any contest of agility, strength, or skill, in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors. 3. An old game at cards. [Obs.] Pepys. Handicap Hand"i*cap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handicapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Handicapping.] To encumber with a handicap in any contest; hence, in general, to place at disadvantage; as, the candidate was heavily handicapped. Handicapper Hand"i*cap`per (?), n. One who determines the conditions of a handicap. Handicraft Hand"i*craft (?), n. [For handcraft, influenced by handiwork; AS. handcr\'91ft.] 1. A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft. Addison. 2. A man who earns his living by handicraft; a handicraftsman. [R.] Dryden. Handi-craftsman Hand"i-crafts`man (?), n.; pl. -men (. A man skilled or employed in handcraft. Bacon. Handily Hand"i*ly (?), adv. [See Handy.] In a handy manner; skillfully; conveniently. Handiness Hand"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being handy. Handiron Hand"i`ron (?), n. See Andrion. [Obs.] Handiwork Hand"i*work` (?), n. [OE. handiwerc, AS. handgeweorc; hand hand + geweorc work; prefix ge- + weorc. See Work.] Work done by the hands; hence, any work done personally. The firmament showeth his handiwork. Ps. xix. 1. Handkercher Hand"ker*cher (?), n. A handkerchief. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chapman (1654). Shak. Handkerchief Hand"ker*chief (h&acr;n"k&etil;r*ch&icr;f; 277), n. [Hand + kerchief.] 1. A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face or hands. 2. A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to be worn about the neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth. Handle Han"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Handling .] [OE. handlen, AS. handian; akin to D. handelen to trade, G. handeln. See Hand.] 1. To touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand. Handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh. Luke xxiv. 39. About his altar, handling holy things. Milton. 2. To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to wield; often, to manage skillfully. That fellow handles his bow like a crowkeeper. Shak. 3. To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take care of, with the hands. The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and handle their colts six months every year. Sir W. Temple. 4. To receive and transfer; to have pass through one's hands; hence, to buy and sell; as, a merchant handles a variety of goods, or a large stock. 5. To deal with; to make a business of. They that handle the law knew me not. Jer. ii. 8. 6. To treat; to use, well or ill. How wert thou handled being prisoner. Shak. 7. To manage; to control; to practice skill upon. You shall see how I will handle her. Shak. 8. To use or manage in writing or speaking; to treat, as a theme, an argument, or an objection. We will handle what persons are apt to envy others. Bacon. To handle without gloves. See under Glove. [Colloq.] Handle Han"dle (?), v. i. To use the hands. They have hands, but they handle not. Ps. cxv. 7. Handle Han"dle, n. [AS. handle. See Hand.] 1. That part of vessels, instruments, etc., which is held in the hand when used or moved, as the haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the bail of a kettle, etc. 2. That of which use is made; the instrument for effecting a purpose; a tool. South. To give a handle, to furnish an occasion or means. Handleable Han"dle*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being handled. Handless Hand"less (?), a. Without a hand. Shak. Handling Han"dling (?), n. [AS. handlung.] 1. A touching, controlling, managing, using, etc., with the hand or hands, or as with the hands. See Handle, v. t. The heavens and your fair handling Have made you master of the field this day. Spenser. 2. (Drawing, Painting, etc.) The mode of using the pencil or brush, etc.; style of touch. Fairholt. Handmade Hand"made" (?), a. Manufactured by hand; as, handmade shoes. Handmaid, Handmaiden Hand"maid" (?), Hand"maiden (?), n. A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant. Handsaw Hand"saw` (#) n. A saw used with one hand. Handsel Hand"sel (?), n. [Written also hansel.] [OE. handsal, hansal, hansel, AS. handsa giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel. handsal; hand hand + sal sale, bargain; akin to AS. sellan to give, deliver. See Sell, Sale. ] 1. A sale, gift, or delivery into the hand of another; especially, a sale, gift, delivery, or using which is the first of a series, and regarded as on omen for the rest; a first installment; an earnest; as the first money received for the sale of goods in the morning, the first money taken at a shop newly opened, the first present sent to a young woman on her wedding day, etc. Their first good handsel of breath in this world. Fuller. Our present tears here, not our present laughter, Are but the handsels of our joys hereafter. Herrick. 2. Price; payment. [Obs.] Spenser. Handsel Monday, the first Monday of the new year, when handsels or presents are given to servants, children, etc. Handsel Hand"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handseled OR Handseled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Handseling OR Handselling.] [Written also hansel.] [OE handsellen, hansellen;cf. Isel. hadsala, handselja. See Handsel, n.] 1. To give a handsel to. 2. To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to make fortunate or unfortunate; to try experimentally. No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture hath handseled it with prayer. Fuller. Handsome Hand"some (?; 277), a. [Compar. Handsomer (?); superl. Handsomest.] [Hand + -some. It at first meant, dexterous; cf. D. handzaam dexterous, ready, limber, manageable, and E. handy.] 1. Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; -- applied to things as persons. [Obs.] That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and handsome to be moved and turned about. Robynson (Utopia). For a thief it is so handsome as it may seem it was first invented for him. Spenser. 2. Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry and dignity; comely; -- expressing more than pretty, and less than beautiful; as, a handsome man or woman; a handsome garment, house, tree, horse.<-- MW10 treats it as synonymous with beautiful in this sense. --> 3. Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety and ease; graceful; becoming; appropriate; as, a handsome style, etc. Easiness and handsome address in writing. Felton. 4. Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of character; liberal; generous. Handsome is as handsome does. Old Proverb. 5. Ample; moderately large. He . . . accumulated a handsome sum of money. V. Knox. To do the handsome thing, to act liberally. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Handsome, Pretty. Pretty applies to things comparatively small, which please by their delicacy and grace; as, a pretty girl, a pretty flower, a pretty cottage. Handsome rises higher, and is applied to objects on a larger scale. We admire what is handsome, we are pleased with what is pretty. The word is connected with hand, and has thus acquired the idea of training, cultivation, symmetry, and proportion, which enters so largely into our conception of handsome. Thus Drayton makes mention of handsome players, meaning those, who are well trained; and hence we speak of a man's having a handsome address, which is the result of culture; of a handsome horse or dog, which implies well proportioned limbs; of a handsome face, to which, among other qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are essential; of a handsome tree, and a handsome house or villa. So, from this idea of proportion or suitableness, we have, with a different application, the expressions, a handsome fortune, a handsome offer. Hadsome Had"some, v. t. To render handsome. [Obs.] Donne Handsomely Hand"some*ly, adv. 1. In a handsome manner. 2. (Naut.) Carefully; in shipshape style. Handsomeness Hand"some*ness, n. The quality of being handsome. Handsomeness is the mere animal excellence, beauty the mere imaginative. Hare. Handspike Hand"spike` (?), n. A bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various purposes. Handspring Hand"spring` (?), n. A somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon the ground. Hand-tight Hand"-tight` (?), a. (Naut.) As tight as can be made by the hand. Totten. Handwheel Hand"wheel` (?), n. (Mach.) Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the rim of which serves as the handle by which a valve, car brake, or other part is adjusted. Hand-winged Hand"-winged` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having wings that are like hands in the structure and arrangement of their bones; -- said of bats. See Cheiroptera. Handwriting Hand"writ`ing (?), n. 1. The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person; chirography. 2. That which is written by hand; manuscript. The handwriting on the wall, a doom pronounced; an omen of disaster. Dan. v. 5. Handy Hand"y (?), a. [Compar. Handier (?); superl. Handiest.] [OE. hendi, AS. hendig (in comp.), fr. hand hand; akin to D. handig, Goth. handugs clever, wise.] 1. Performed by the hand. [Obs.] To draw up and come to handy strokes. Milton. 2. Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready; adroit. "Each is handy in his way." Dryden. 3. Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use of the hand; convenient; valuable for reference or use; as, my tools are handy; a handy volume. 4. (Naut.) Easily managed; obedient to the helm; -- said of a vessel. Handyy-dandy Handy"y-dan`dy (?), n. A child's play, one child guessing in which closed hand the other holds some small object, winning the object if right and forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit. Piers Plowman. Handyfight Hand"y*fight` (?), n. A fight with the hands; boxing. "Pollux loves handyfights." B. Jonson. Handygripe Hand"y*gripe` (?), n. Seizure by, or grasp of, the hand; also, close quarters in fighting. Hudibras. Handystroke Hand"y*stroke` (?), n. A blow with the hand. Hand-work Hand"-work` (?), n. See Handiwork. Hang Hang (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hanged (h?ngd) OR Hung (; p. pr. & vb. n. Hanging. The use of hanged is preferable to that of hung, when reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is also more common.] [OE. hangen, hangien, v. t. & i., AS. hangian, v. i., fr. h, v. t. (imp. heng, p. p. hongen); akin to OS. hang, v. i. D. hangen, v. t. & i., G. hangen, v. i, h\'84ngen, v. t, Isel hanga, v. i., Goth. h\'behan, v. t. (imp. ha\'a1hah), h\'behan, v. i. (imp. hahaida), and perh. to L. cunctari to delay. &root;37. ] 1. To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point without support from below; -- often used with up or out; as, to hang a coat on a hook; to hang up a sign; to hang out a banner. 2. To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the point or points of suspension; -- said of a pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc. 3. To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve. [U. S.] 4. To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a form of capital punishment; as, to hang a murderer. 5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; -- said of a wall, a room, etc. Hung be the heavens with black. Shak. And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils. Dryden. 6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room. 7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect; to droop; as, he hung his head in shame. Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head. Milton. To hang down, to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to decline; as, to hang down the head, or, elliptically, to hang the head. -- To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in suspense. Hand Hand, v. i. 1. To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay. 2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the point or points of suspension. 3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck. [R.] "Sir Balaam hangs." Pope. 4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; -- usually with on or upon; as, this question hangs on a single point. "Two infants hanging on her neck." Peacham. 5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight. Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden. Addison. 6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; -- usually with over; as, evils hang over the country. 7. To lean or incline; to incline downward. To decide which way hung the victory. Milton. His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung. Pope. 8. To slope down; as, hanging grounds. 9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be delayed. A noble stroke he lifted high, Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell On the proud crest of Satan. Milton. To hang around, to loiter idly about. -- To hang back, to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant. "If any one among you hangs back." Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To hang by the eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold or tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete. -- To hang in doubt, to be in suspense. -- To hang on (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease. -- To hang on the lips, words, etc., to be charmed by eloquence. -- To hang out. (a) To be hung out so as to be displayed; to project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman hangs out against an agreement. [Colloq.]<-- =hold out?--> (c) to lounge around a particular place; as, teenageers tend to hang out at the mall these days--> -- To hang over. (a) To project at the top. (b) To impend over. -- To hang to, to cling. -- To hang together. (a) To remain united; to stand by one another. "We are all of a piece; we hang together." Dryden. (b) To be self-consistent; as, the story does not hang together. [Colloq.] -- To hang upon. (a) To regard with passionate affection. (b) (Mil.) To hover around; as, to hang upon the flanks of a retreating enemy. Hang Hang, n. 1. The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another; as, the hang of a scythe. 2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the hang of a discourse. [Colloq.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 669 3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope. [Colloq.] To get the hang of, to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to. [Colloq.] Hangbird Hang"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l) The Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula); -- so called because its nest is suspended from the limb of a tree. See Baltimore oriole. Hang-by Hang"-by` (?), n.; pl. Hang-bies (. A dependent; a hanger-on; -- so called in contempt. B. Jonson. Hagdog Hag"dog` (?), n. A base, degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird. Hangdog Hang"dog`, Low; sneaking; ashamed. The poor colonel went out of the room with a hangdog look. Thackeray. Hanger Hang"er (?), n. 1. One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman. 2. That by which a thing is suspended. Especially: (a) A strap hung to the girdle, by which a dagger or sword is suspended. (b) (Mach.) A part that suspends a journal box in which shafting runs. See Illust. of Countershaft. (c) A bridle iron.<-- (d) clothes hanger --> 3. That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword worn at the side; especially, in the 18th century, a short, curved sword. 4. A steep, wooded declivity. [Eng.] Gilbert White. Hanger-on Hang"er-on` (?), n.; pl. Hangers-on (. One who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one who adheres to others' society longer than he is wanted. Goldsmith. Hanging Hang"ing, a. 1. Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter. "What a hanging face!" Dryden. 2. Suspended from above; pendent; as, hanging shelves. 3. Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the hanging post of a gate, the post which holds the hinges. Hanging compass, a compass suspended so that the card may be read from beneath. -- Hanging garden, a garden sustained at an artificial elevation by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon. -- Hanging indentation. See under Indentation. -- Hanging rail (Arch.), that rail of a door or casement to which hinges are attached. -- Hanging side (Mining), the overhanging side of an inclined or hading vein. -- Hanging sleeves. (a) Strips of the same stuff as the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. (b) Loose, flowing sleeves. -- Hanging stile. (Arch.) (a) That stile of a door to which hinges are secured. (b) That upright of a window frame to which casements are hinged, or in which the pulleys for sash windows are fastened. -- Hanging wall (Mining), the upper wall of inclined vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in the vein. Hanging Hang"ing, n. 1. The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended. 2. Death by suspension; execution by a halter. 3. That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; -- used chiefly in the plural. Nor purple hangings clothe the palace walls. Dryden. Hangman Hang"man (?), n.; pl. Hangmen( One who hangs another; esp., one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; -- sometimes used as a term of reproach, without reference to office. Shak. Hangmanship Hang"man*ship, n.. The office or character of a hangman. Hangnail Hang"nail` (?), n. [A corruption of agnail.] A small piece or silver of skin which hangs loose, near the root of finger nail. Holloway. Hangnest Hang"nest` (?), n. 1. A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket. 2. A bird which builds such a nest; a hangbird. Hank Hank (?), n. [Cf. Dan. hank handle, Sw. hank a band or tie, Icel. hanki hasp, clasp, h\'94nk, hangr, hank, coil, skein, G. henkel, henk, handle; ar prob. akin to E. hang. See Hang.] 1. A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together. 2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate. [Prov. Eng.] 3. Hold; influence. When the devil hath got such a hank over him. Bp. Sanderson. 4. (Naut.) A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a stay. Hank Hank, v. t. 1. [OE. hanken.] To fasten with a rope, as a gate. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 2. To form into hanks. Hanker Han"ker (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hankered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hankering.] [Prob. fr. hang; cf. D. hunkeren, hengelen.] 1. To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; -- usually with for or after; as, to hanker after fruit; to hanker after the diversions of the town. Addison. He was hankering to join his friend. J. A. Symonds. 2. To linger in expectation or with desire. Thackeray. Hankeringly Han"ker*ing*ly, adv. In a hankering manner. Hankey-pankey Han"key-pan"key (?), n. [Cf. Hocus-pocus.] Professional cant; the chatter of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence, jugglery. [Colloq.] Hanoverian Han`o*ve"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover in England. Hanoverian Han`o*ve"ri*an, n. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of Hanover. Han sa Han" sa (?), n. See 2d Hanse. Hansard Han"sard (?), n. An official report of proceedings in the British Parliament; -- so called from the name of the publishers. Hansard Han"sard, n. A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d Hanse. Hanse Hanse (?), n. [Cf. F. anse handle, anse de panier surbased arch, flat arch, vault, and E. haunch hip.] (Arch.) That part of an elliptical or many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately adjoins the impost. Hanse Hanse, n. [G. hanse, or F. hanse (from German), OHG. & Goth. hansa; akin to AS. h band, troop.] An association; a league or confederacy. Hanse towns (Hist.), certain commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for the protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy, called also Hansa and Hanseatic league, held its first diet in 1260, and was maintained for nearly four hundred years. At one time the league comprised eighty-five cities. Its remnants, L\'81beck, Hamburg, and Bremen, are free cities, and are still frequently called Hanse towns. Hanseatic Han`se*at"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy. Hanseatic league. See under 2d Hanse. Hansel Han"sel (?), n. & v. See Handsel. Hanselines Han"sel*ines (?), n. A sort of breeches. [Obs..] Chaucer. Hansom, n., Hansom cab Han"som (?), n., Han"som cab` (. [From the name of the inventor.] A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top. He hailed a cruising hansom . . . " 'Tis the gondola of London," said Lothair. Beaconsfield. Han't Han't (?). A contraction of have not, or has not, used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is hain't. Hanuman Han"u*man (?), n. See Hoonoomaun. Hap Hap (?), v. t. [OE.happen.] To clothe; to wrap. The surgeon happed her up carefully. Dr. J. Brown. Hap Hap, n. [Cf. Hap to clothe.] A cloak or plaid. [O. Eng. & Scot.] Hap Hap, n. [Icel. happ unexpected good luck. That which happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate; luck; lot. Chaucer. Whether art it was or heedless hap. Spenser. Cursed be good haps, and cursed be they that build Their hopes on haps. Sir P. Sidney. Loving goes by haps: Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps. Shak. Hap Hap, v. i. [OE. happen. See Hap chance, and cf. Happen.] To happen; to befall; to chance. Chaucer. Sends word of all that haps in Tyre. Shak. Hap'penny Hap'"pen*ny (?), n. A half-penny. Haphazard Hap"haz`ard (?), n. [Hap + hazard.] Extra hazard; chance; accident; random. We take our principles at haphazard, upon trust. Locke. Hapless Hap"less (?), a. Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid. Dryden. Haplessly Hap"less*ly, adv. In a hapless, unlucky manner. Haplomi Ha*plo"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of freshwater fishes, including the true pikes, cyprinodonts, and blindfishes. Hallostemonous Hal`lo*stem"o*nous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper number of petals; isostemonous. Haply Hap"ly (?), adv. By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be. Lest haply ye be found even to fight against God. Acts v. 39. Happed Happed (?), p. a. [From 1st Hap.] Wrapped; covered; cloaked. [Scot.] All happed with flowers in the green wood were. Hogg. Happen Hap"pen (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Happened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Happening.] [OE. happenen, hapnen. See Hap to happen.] 1. To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall out. There shall no evil happen to the just. Prov. xii. 21. 2. To take place; to occur. All these things which had happened. Luke xxiv. 14. To happen on, to meet with; to fall or light upon. "I have happened on some other accounts." Graunt. -- To happen in, to make a casual call. [Colloq.] Happily Hap"pi*ly (?), adv. [From Happy.] 1. By chance; peradventure; haply. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily. Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown. Waller. 3. In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived happily with his wife. 4. With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to success; with success. Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope. Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly; dexterously; felicitously. Happiness Hap"pi*ness, n. [From Happy.] 1. Good luck; good fortune; prosperity. All happiness bechance to thee in Milan! Shak. 2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness. 3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of language. Some beauties yet no precepts can declare, For there's a happiness, as well as care. Pope. Syn. -- Happiness, Felicity, Blessedness, Bliss. Happiness is generic, and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites; felicity is a more formal word, and is used more sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations; blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; bliss denotes still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven. O happiness! our being's end and aim! Pope. Others in virtue place felicity, But virtue joined with riches and long life; In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease. Milton. His overthrow heaped happiness upon him; For then, and not till then, he felt himself, And found the blessedness of being little. Shak. Happy Hap"py (?), a. [Compar. Happier (?); superl. Happiest.] [From Hap chance.] 1. Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a happy effort; a happy venture; a happy omen. Chymists have been more happy in finding experiments than the causes of them. Boyle. 2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; as, happy hours, happy thoughts. Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord. Ps. cxliv. 15. The learned is happy Nature to explore, The fool is happy that he knows no more. Pope. 3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous. One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a in a rejoinder. Swift. Happy family, a collection of animals of different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant. -- Happy-go-lucky, trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going. "Happy-go-lucky carelessness." W. Black. Hapuku Ha*pu"ku (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large and valuable food fish (Polyprion prognathus) of New Zealand. It sometimes weighs one hundred pounds or more. Haquebut Haque"but (?), n. See Hagbut. Hara-kiri Ha"ra-ki`ri (?), n. [Jap., stomach cutting.] Suicide, by slashing the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; -- also written, but incorrectly, hari-kari. W. E. Griffis. Harangue Ha*rangue" (?), n. [F. harangue: cf. Sp. arenda, It. aringa; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. aringo arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. hring ring, anything round, ring of people, G. ring. See Ring.] A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting. Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and harangues are heard. Milton. Syn. -- Harangue, Speech, Oration. Speech is generic; an oration is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues the populace on the subject of their wrongs. Harangue Ha*rangue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harangued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haranguing.] [Cf. F. haranguer, It. aringare.] To make an harangue; to declaim. Harangue Ha*rangue", v. t. To address by an harangue. Harangueful Ha*rangue"ful (?), a. Full of harangue. Haranguer Ha*rang"uer (?), n. One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer. With them join'd all th' harangues of the throng, That thought to get preferment by the tongue. Dryden. Harass Har"ass (h&acr;r"as), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harassing.] [F. harasser; cf. OF. harace a basket made of cords, harace, harasse,a very heavy and large shield; or harer to set (a dog) on.] To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by out. [Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome march. Bacon. Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care. Addison. Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt. Tennyson. Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb; torment. Harass Har"ass, n. 1. Devastation; waste. [Obs.] Milton. 2. Worry; harassment. [R.] Byron. Harasser Har"ass*er (?), n. One who harasses. Harassment Har"ass*ment (?), n. The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety. Little harassments which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest the most fortunate. Ld. Lytton. Harberous Har"ber*ous (?), a. Harborous. [Obs.] A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly appareled, harberous. Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2) Harbinger Har"bin*ger (?), n. [OE. herbergeour, OF. herbergeor one who provides lodging, fr. herbergier to provide lodging, F. h\'82berger, OF. herberge lodging, inn, F. auberge; of German origin. See Harbor.] 1. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings. Fuller. 2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger. I knew by these harbingers who were coming. Landor. Harbinger Har"bin*ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harbingered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harbingering.] To usher in; to be a harbinger of. "Thus did the star of religious freedom harbinger the day." Bancroft. Harbor Har"bor (?), n. [Written also harbour.] [OE herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here army, G. heer, OHG. heri, Goth. harjis, and AS. beorgan to save, shelter, defend, G. bergen. See Harry, 2d Bury, and cf. Harbinger.] 1. A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter. [A grove] fair harbour that them seems. Spenser. For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked. Dryden. 2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. (Astrol.) The mansion of a heavenly body. [Obs.] 4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven. _________________________________________________________________ Page 670 5. (Glass Works) A mixing box materials. Harbor dues (Naut.), fees paid for the use of a harbor. -- Harbor seal (Zo\'94l.), the common seal. -- Harbor watch, a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor watch. Harbor Har"bor (?), v. t. [Written also harbour.] [imp. & p. p. Harbored (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Harboring.] [OE. herberen, herberwen, herbergen; cf. Icel. herbergja. See Harbor, n.] To afford lodging to; to enter as guest; to receive; to give a refuge to; indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought). Any place that harbors men. Shak. The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the person suspected. Bp. Burnet. Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of outrage. Rowe. Harbor Har"bor, v. i. To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor. For this night let's harbor here in York. Shak. Harborage Har"bor*age (?), n. Shelter; entertainment.[R.] Where can I get me harborage for the night? Tennyson. Harborer Har"bor*er (?), n. One who, or that which, harbors. Geneva was . . . a harborer of exiles for religion. Strype. Harborless Har"bor*less, a. Without a harbor; shelterless. Harbor master Har"bor mas`ter (?). An officer charged with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of a harbor. Harborough, Harbrough Har"bor*ough (?), Har"brough (?),[See Harbor.] A shelter. [Obs]. Spenser. Harborous Har"bor*ous (?), a. Hospitable. [Obs.] Hard Hard (?), a. [Compar. Harder (?); superl. Hardest.] [OE. heard, AS. heard; akin to OS. & D. heard, G. hart, OHG. harti, Icel. har, Dan. haard, Sw. h\'86rd, Goth. hardus, Gr.,, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf. Skr. kratu strength, to do, make. Gf.Hardy.] 1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple. 2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem. The hard causes they brought unto Moses. Ex. xviii. 26. In which are some things hard to be understood. 2 Peter iii. 16. 3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure. 4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful. The stag was too hard for the horse. L'Estrange. A power which will be always too hard for them. Addison. 5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms. I never could drive a hard bargain. Burke. 6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character. 7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style. Figures harder than even the marble itself. Dryden. 8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider. 9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another;- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc. 10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone. 11. (Painting) (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. (b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade. Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc. -- Hard clam, OR Hard-shelled clam (Zo\'94l.), the guahog. -- Hard coal, anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or soft coal. -- Hard and fast. (Naut.) See under Fast. -- Hard finish (Arch.), a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering. -- Hard lines, hardship; difficult conditions. -- Hard money, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money. -- Hard oyster (Zo\'94l.), the northern native oyster. [Local, U. S.] -- Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan. -- Hard rubber. See under Rubber. -- Hard solder. See under Solder. -- Hard water, water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness, 3.- Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.- In hard condition, in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles;-said of race horses. Syn. -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See Solid, and Arduous. Hard Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.] 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden. My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak. 2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard. 3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly. Shak. 4. So as to raise difficulties. " The guestion is hard set". Sir T. Browne. 5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain hard; hence, rapidly; as, to run hard. 6. Close or near. Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii.7. Hard by, near by; close at hand; not far off. "Hard by a cottage chimney smokes." Milton. -- Hard pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed; as, he was hard pushed or hard run for time, money, etc. [Colloq.] -- Hard up, closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, hard up for amusements. [Slang] NOTE: &hand; Ha rd in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard! Hard alee! Hard aweather up! Hard is also often used in composition with a participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-working; hard-won. Hard Hard (?), v. t. To harden; to make hard. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hard Hard, n. A ford or passage across a river or swamp. Hardbake Hard"bake` (?), n. A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc. Thackeray. Hardbeam Hard"beam` (?), n. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Carpinus, of compact, horny texture; hornbeam. Harden Hard"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hardened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hardening (?).] [OE. hardnen, hardenen.] 1. To make hard or harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden clay or iron. 2. To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable. "Harden not your heart." Ps. xcv. 8. I would harden myself in sorrow. Job vi. 10. Harden Hard"en, v. i. 1. To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; as, mortar hardens by drying. The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has hardened into tradition. The Century. 2. To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad sense. They, hardened more by what might most reclaim. Milton. Hardened Hard"ened (?), a. Made hard, or compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice. Syn. -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling; unsusceptible; insensible. See Obdurate. Hardener Hard"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers tools. Hardening Hard"en*ing, n. 1. Making hard or harder. 2. That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface of iron into steel. Harder Har"der (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South African mullet, salted for food. Harderian Har*de"ri*an (?), a. (Anat.) A term applied to a lachrymal gland on the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate. Hard-favored Hard"-fa`vored (?), a. Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan was hard-favored. Dryden. Hardfavoredness Hard"fa`vored*ness, n. Coarseness of features. Hard-featured Hard"-fea`tured (?), a Having coarse, unattractive or stern features. Smollett. Hardfern Hard"fern` (?), n. (Bot.) A species of fern (Lomaria borealis), growing in Europe and Northwestern America. Hard-fisted Hard"-fist`ed (?), a. 1. Having hard or strong hands; as, a hard-fisted laborer. 2. Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly. Bp. Hall. Hard-fought Hard"-fought` (?), a. Vigorously contested; as, a hard-fought battle. Hard grass Hard" grass` (. (Bot.) A name given to several different grasses, especially to the Roltb\'94llia incurvata, and to the species of \'92gilops, from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived. Hardhack Hard"hack` (, n. (Bot.) A very astringent shrub (Spir\'91a tomentosa), common in pastures. The Potentilla fruticosa in also called by this name. Hard-handed Hard"-hand`ed (?), a. Having hard hands, as a manual laborer. Hard-handed men that work in Athens here. Shak. Hardhead Hard"head` (?), n. 1. Clash or collision of heads in contest. Dryden. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The menhaden. See Menhaden. [Local, U.S.] (b) Block's gurnard (Trigla gurnardus) of Europe. (c) A California salmon; the steelhead. (d) The gray whale. See Gray whale, under Gray. (e) A coarse American commercial sponge (Spongia dura). Hard-headed Hard"-head`ed, a. Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd. -- Hard"-head`ed*ness, n. Hard-hearted Hard"-heart`ed (?), a. Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless. -- Hard"-heart`ed*ness, n. Harddihead Hard"di*head (?), n. Hardihood. [Obs.] Harddihood Hard"di*hood (?), n. [Hardy + -hood.] Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence. A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth. It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity. Buckminster. Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity; effrontery; impudence. Hardily Har"di*ly, adv. 1. Same as Hardly. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely. Wyclif. Hardiment Har"di*ment (?), n. [OF. hardement. See Hardy.] Hardihood; boldness; courage; energetic action. [Obs.] Changing hardiment with great Glendower. Shak. Hardiness Har"di*ness (?), n. 1. Capability of endurance. 2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance. Spenser. Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever Of hardiness is mother. Shak. They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of avowing the contempt of the king. Clarendon. 3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs.] Spenser. Hardish Hard"ish (?), a. Somewhat hard. Hard-labored Hard"-la`bored (?), a. Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied. Swift. Hardly Hard"ly (?), adv. [AS.heardlice. See Hand.] 1. In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty. Recovering hardly what he lost before. Dryden. 2. Unwillingly; grudgingly. The House of Peers gave so hardly theiMilton. 3. Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly. Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good. South. 4. Severely; harshly; roughly. He has in many things been hardly used. Swift. 5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs.] Holland. 6. Certainly; surely; indeed. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hard-mouthed Hard"-mouthed` (?), a. Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as, a hard-mouthed horse. Hardness Hard"ness, n. [AS. heardness.] 1. The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively. The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory hardness. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Min.) The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched;-measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes. 3. (Chem.) The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes. NOTE: &hand; Th is qu ality is ca used by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing temporary hardness which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate. Hardock Har"dock (?), n. [Obs.] See Hordock. Hardpan Hard"pan` (?), n. The hard substratum. Same as Hard pan, under Hard, a. Hards Hards (?), n. pl. [OE. herdes, AS. heordan; akin to G. hede.] The refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow. Hard-shell Hard"-shell` (?), a. Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising; strict. [Collog., U.S.] Hardship Hard"ship (?), n. That which is hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc. Swift. Hardspun Hard"spun`, a. Firmly twisted in spinning. Hard-tack Hard"-tack` (?), n. A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea bread. Hardtail Hard"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Jurel. Hard-visaged Hard"-vis`aged (?), a. Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard-featured. Burke. Hardware Hard"ware` (?), n. Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like; ironmongery. Hardwareman Hard"ware`man (?), n.; pl. Hardwaremen (. One who makes, or deals in, hardware. Hardy Har"dy (?), a. [Compar. Hardier (?); superl. Hardiest.] [F.hardi, p. p. fr. OF. hardir to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. hertan to harden, G. h\'84rten. See Hard, a.] 1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolu?e; intrepid. Hap helpeth hardy man alway. Chaucer. 2. Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened; shameless. 3. Strong; firm; compact. [A] blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric. South. 4. Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; as, a hardy veteran; a hardy mariner. 5. Able to withstand the cold of winter. NOTE: &hand; Pl ants wh ich are hardy in Virginia may perish in New England. Half-hardy plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate frosts. Hardy Har"dy, n. A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole. Hare Hare (?), v. t. [Cf. Harry, Harass.] To excite; to tease, or worry; to harry. [Obs.] Locke. Hare Hare, n. [AS. hara; akin to D. haas, G. hase, OHG. haso, Dan. \'91 Sw. hare, Icel. h, Skr. . 1. (Zo\'94l.) A rodent of the genus Lepus, having long hind legs, a short tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity. NOTE: &hand; The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is Lepustimidus. The northern or varying hare of America (L. Americanus), and the prairie hare (L. campestris), turn white in winter. In America, the various species of hares are commonly called rabbits. 2. (Astron.) A small constellation situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus. Hare and hounds, a game played by men and boys, two, called hares, having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being chased by the others, called the hounds, through a wide circuit. -- Hare kangaroo (Zo\'94l.)., a small Australian kangaroo (Lagorchestes Leporoides), resembling the hare in size and color, -- Hare's lettuce (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sonchus, or sow thistle; -- so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat. Dr. Prior. -- Jumping hare. (Zo\'94l.) See under Jumping. -- Little chief hare, OR Crying hare. (Zo\'94l.) See Chief hare. -- Sea hare. (Zo\'94l.) See Aplysia. Harebell Hare"bell` (?), n. (Bot.) A small, slender, branching plant (Campanula rotundifolia), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also, Scilla nutans, which has similar flowers; -- called also bluebell. [Written also hairbell.] E'en the light harebell raised its head. Sir W. Scott . _________________________________________________________________ Page 671 Hare'brained' Hare"'brained`' (?), a. Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless. "A mad hare-brained fellow." North (Plutarch). [Written also hairbrained.] Harefoot Hare"foot` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A long, narrow foot, carried (that is, produced or extending) forward; -- said of dogs. 2. (Bot) A tree (Ochroma Laqopus) of the West Indies, having the stamens united somewhat in the form of a hare's foot. Harefoot clover (Bot.), a species of clover (Trifolium arvense) with soft and silky heads. Hare-hearted Hare"-heart`ed (?), a. Timorous; timid; easily frightened. Ainsworth. Harehound Hare"hound` (?), n. See Harrier. A. Chalmers. Hareld Har"eld (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed duck. See Old Squaw. Harelip Hare"lip` (?), n. A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure of perpendicular division like that of a hare. -- Hare"lipped` (#), a. Harem Ha"rem (?), n.[Ar.haram, orig., anything forbidden of sacred, fr. harama to forbid, prohibit.] [Written also haram and hareem.] 1. The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in Mohammedan families. 2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio. Harengiform Ha*ren"gi*form (?), a. [F. hareng herring (LL.harengus) + -form.] Herring-shaped. Hare's-ear Hare's"-ear` (?), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium ); -- so named from the shape of its leaves. Dr. Prior. Hare's-foot fern Hare's"-foot` fern` (?). (Bot.) A species of fern (Davallia Canariensis) with a soft, gray, hairy rootstock; -- whence the name. Hare's-tail Hare's"-tail` (-t&amac;l`), n. (Bot.) A kind of grass (Eriophorum vaginatum). See Cotton grass, under Cotton. Hare's-tail grass (Bot.), a species of grass (Lagurus ovatus) whose head resembles a hare's tail. Harfang Har"fang (?), n. [See Hare, n., and Fang.] (Zo\'94l.) The snowy owl. Hariali grass Ha`ri*a"li grass` (?). (Bot.) The East Indian name of the Cynodon Dactylon; dog's-grass. Haricot Har"i*cot (?), n. [F.] 1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables. 2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots. Harier Har"i*er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Harrier. Harikari Ha"ri*ka`ri (?), n. See Hara-kiri. Harioiation Har`i*o*ia"tion (?), n. [See Ariolation.] Prognostication; soothsaying. [Obs.] Cockeram. Harish Har"ish (?), a. Like a hare. [R.] Huloet. Hark Hark (?), v. i. [OE. herken. See Hearken.] To listen; to hearken. [Now rare, except in the imperative form used as an interjection, Hark! listen.] Hudibras. Hark away! Hark back! Hark forward! (Sporting), cries used to incite and guide hounds in hunting. -- To hark back, to go back for a fresh start, as when one has wandered from his direct course, or made a digression. He must have overshot the mark, and must hark back. Haggard. He harked back to the subject. W. E. Norris. Harken Hark"en (?), v. t. & i. To hearken. Tennyson. Harl Harl (?), n. [Cf. OHG. harluf noose, rope; E. hards refuse of flax.] 1. A filamentous substance; especially, the filaments of flax or hemp. 2. A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of a peacock or ostrich, -- used in dressing artificial flies. [Written also herl.] Harle Harle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The red-breasted merganser. Harlech group Har"lech group` (?). [ So called from Harlech in Wales.] (Geol.) A minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in Wales. Harlequin Har"le*quin (?), n. [F. arlequin,formerly written also harlequin (cf. It, arlecchino), prob. fr. OF. hierlekin, hellequin, goblin, elf, which is prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. hel hell. Cf. Hell, Kin.] A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy. Percy Smith. As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters. Johnson. Harlequin bat (Zo\'94l.), an Indian bat (Scotophilus ornatus), curiously variegated with white spots. -- Harlequin beetle (Zo\'94l.), a very large South American beetle (Acrocinus longimanus) having very long legs and antenn\'91. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray. -- Harlequin cabbage bug. (Zo\'94l.) See Calicoback. -- Harlequin caterpillar. (Zo\'94l.), the larva of an American bombycid moth (Euch\'91tes egle) which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of hair. -- Harlequin duck (Zo\'94l.), a North American duck (Histrionicus histrionicus). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white. -- Harlequin moth. (Zo\'94l.) See Magpie Moth. -- Harlequin opal. See Opal. -- Harlequin snake (Zo\'94l.), a small, poisonous snake (Elaps fulvius), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States. Harlequin Har"le*quin (?), n. i. To play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks. Harlequin Har"le*quin, v. t. Toremove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick. And kitten,if the humor hit Has harlequined away the fit. M. Green. Harlequinade Har"le*quin*ade` (?), n. [F. arleguinade.] A play or part of play in which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a harlequin. Macaulay. Harlock Har"lock (?), n. Probably a corruption either of charlock or hardock. Drayton. Harlot Har"lot (?), n. [OE.harlot, herlot, a vagabond, OF. harlot, herlot, arlot; cf. Pr. arlot, Sp. arlote, It. arlotto; of uncertain origin.] 1. A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth. [Obs.] He was a gentle harlot and a kind. Chaucer. 2. A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet. Harlot Har"lot, a. Wanton; lewd; low; base. Shak. Harlot Har"lot, v. i. To play the harlot; to practice lewdness. Milton. Harlotize Har"lot*ize (?), v. i. To harlot. [Obs.] Warner. Harlotry Har"lot*ry (?), n. 1. Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer. 2. The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary lewdness. Dryden. 3. Anything meretricious; as, harlotry in art. 4. A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage. [Obs.] He sups to-night with a harlotry. Shak. Harm Harm (?), n. [OE.harm, hearm, AS.hearm; akin to OS. harm, G. harm grief, Icel. harmr, Dan. harme, Sw. harm; cf. OSlav. & Russ. sram' shame, Skr. crama toil, fatigue.] 1. Injury; hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune. 2. That which causes injury, damage, or loss. We, ignorant of ourselves, Beg often our own harms. Shak. Syn. -- Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See Mischief. Harm Harm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harming.] [OE. harmen, AS. hearmian. See Harm, n.] To hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong. Though yet he never harmed me. Shak. No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm. Milton. Harmaline Har"ma*line (?), n. [Cf. F. harmaline See Harmel.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the plant Peganum harmala. It forms bitter, yellow salts. Harmattan Har*mat"tan (?), n. [F. harmattan, prob. of Arabic origin.] A dry, hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in December, January, and February, blowing from the interior or Sahara. It is usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the sun. Harmel Har"mel (?), n. [Ar. harmal.] (Bot.) A kind of rue (Ruta sylvestris) growing in India. At Lahore the seeds are used medicinally and for fumigation. Harmful Harm"ful (?), a. Full of harm; injurious; hurtful; mischievous. " Most harmful hazards." Strype. --Harm"ful*ly, adv. -- Harm"ful*ness, n. Harmine Har"mine (?), n.[See Harmaline.] (Chem.) An alkaloid accompanying harmaline (in the Peganum harmala), and obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline substance. Harmless Harm"less (?), a. 1. Free from harm; unhurt; as, to give bond to save another harmless. 2. Free from power or disposition to harm; innocent; inoffensive. " The harmless deer." Drayton Syn. -- Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive; unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed. --Harm"less*ly, adv.- Harm"less*ness, n. Harmonic, Harmonical Har*mon"ic (?), Har*mon"ic*al (, a. [L. harmonicus, Gr. harmonique. See Harmony.] 1. Concordant; musical; consonant; as, harmonic sounds. Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass. Pope. 2. (Mus.) Relating to harmony, -- as melodic relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous body. 3. (Math.) Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions, points, lines. motions, and the like. Harmonic interval (Mus.), the distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant notes. -- Harmonical mean (Arith. & Alg.), certain relations of numbers and quantities, which bear an analogy to musical consonances. -- Harmonic motion, <-- reference to diagram of a circle with radius having point P on the circle, and a diameter with point A in the diameter. THe motion of point A, plotted over time, will describe a sine wave! -->the motion of the point A, of the foot of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in the circumference of a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly upon a fixed diameter of the circle. This is simple harmonic motion. The combinations, in any way, of two more simple harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic motion. The motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately simple harmonic motion. -- Harmonic proportion. See under Proportion. -- Harmonic series OR progression. See under Progression. -- Spherical harmonic analysis, a mathematical method, sometimes referred to as that of Laplace's Coefficients, which has for its object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space. The functions employed in this method are called spherical harmonic functions. Thomson & Tait. -- Harmonic suture (Anat.), an articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in man; -- called also harmonic, and harmony. -- Harmonic triad (Mus.), the chord of a note with its third and fifth; the common chord. Harmonic Har*mon"ic (?), n. (Mus.) A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See Harmonics. Harmonica Har*mon"i*ca (?), n. [Fem. fr. L. harmonicus harmonic. See Harmonic, n. ] 1. A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the tones.<-- NOTE: This is now called the "Glass harmonica". The modern hand instrument has reeds --> 2. A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers. Har monically Har* mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. 1. In an harmonical manner; harmoniously. 2. In respect to harmony, as distinguished from melody; as, a passage harmonically correct. 3. (Math.) In harmonical progression. Harmonicon Har*mon"i*con (?), n. A small, flat, wind instrument of music, in which the notes are produced by the vibration of free metallic reeds.<-- now called the harmonica. --> Harmonics Har*mon"ics (?), n. 1. The doctrine or science of musical sounds. 2. pl. (Mus.) Secondary and less distinct tones which accompany any principal, and apparently simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth, the fifteenth, and the seventeenth. The name is also applied to the artificial tones produced by a string or column of air, when the impulse given to it suffices only to make a part of the string or column vibrate; overtones. Harmonious Har*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. harmonieux. See Harmony.] 1. Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical. God hath made the intellectual world harmonious and beautiful without us. Locke. 2. Acting together to a common end; agreeing in action or feeling; living in peace and friendship; as, an harmonious family. 3. Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably consonant; symphonious. -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. Harmoniphon Har*mon"i*phon (?), n. [Gr. (Mus.) An obsolete wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the sound, which resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of thin metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube. Harmonist Har"mo*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. harmoniste.] 1. One who shows the agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different authors, as of the four evangelists. 2. (Mus.) One who understands the principles of harmony or is skillful in applying them in composition; a musical composer. Harmonist, Harmonite Har"mo*nist, Har"mo*nite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a religious sect, founded in W\'81rtemburg in the last century, composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled in Pennsylvania and called the village thus established, Harmony. Harmonium Har*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Harmony. ] A musical instrument, resembling a small organ and especially designed for church music, in which the tones are produced by forcing air by means of a bellows so as to cause the vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made with one or two keyboards, and has pedals and stops. Harmonization Har`mo*ni*za"tion (?), n. The act of harmonizing. Harmonize Har"mo*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harmonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harmonizing (?).] [Cf. F. harmoniser. ] 1. To agree in action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to agree in sense or purport; as, the parts of a mechanism harmonize. 2. To be in peace and friendship, as individuals, families, or public organizations. 3. To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a concord; as, the tones harmonize perfectly. Harmonize Har"mo*nize, v. t. 1. To adjust in fit proportions; to cause to agree; to show the agreement of; to reconcile the apparent contradiction of. 2. (Mus.) To accompany with harmony; to provide with parts, as an air, or melody. Harmonizer Har"mo*ni`zer (?), n. One who harmonizes. Harmonometer Har`mo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. meter: cf. F. harmonometre.] An instrument for measuring the harmonic relations of sounds. It is often a monochord furnished with movable bridges. Harmony Har"mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Harmonies (#). [ F.harmonic, L. harmonia, Gr. Article. ] 1. The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or combination of things, or in things, or things intended to form a connected whole; such an agreement between the different parts of a design or composition as to produce unity of effect; as, the harmony of the universe. 2. Concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc.; good correspondence; peace and friendship; as, good citizens live in harmony. 3. A literary work which brings together or arranges systematically parallel passages of historians respecting the same events, and shows their agreement or consistency; as, a harmony of the Gospels. 4. (Mus.) (a) A succession of chords according to the rules of progression and modulation. (b) The science which treats of their construction and progression. Ten thousand harps, that tuned Angelic harmonies. Milton. 5. (Anat.) See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic. Close harmony, Dispersed harmony, etc. See under Close, Dispersed, etc. -- Harmony of the spheres. See Music of the spheres, under Music. Syn. -- Harmony, Melody. Harmony results from the concord of two or more strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality. Melody denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of musical and measured sounds, as they succeed each other in a single verse or strain. _________________________________________________________________ Page 672 Harmost Har"most (?), n. [Gr. , fr. harmoste. See Harmony.] (Gr. Antiq.) A governor or prefect appointed by the Spartans in the cities subjugated by them. Harmotome Har"mo*tome (?), n. [Gr. harmotome.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta, occurring usually in white cruciform crystals; cross-stone. NOTE: &hand; A re lated mi neral, ca lled li me ha rmotome, an d Phillipsite, contains lime in place of baryta. Dana. Harness Har"ness (?), n. [OE. harneis, harnes, OF.harneis, F. harnais, harnois; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. harnez old iron, armor, W. haiarn iron, Armor. houarn, Ir. iarann, Gael. iarunn. Gf. Iron.] 1. Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military sense, of a man or a horse; hence, in general, armor. At least we 'll die witch harness on our back. Shak. 2. The equipment of a draught or carriage horse, for drawing a wagon, coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling. 3. The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with their means of support and motion, by which the threads of the warp are alternately raised and depressed for the passage of the shuttle. To die in harness, to die with armor on; hence, colloquially, to die while actively engaged in work or duty. Harness Har"ness, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harnessed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Harnessing.] [OE. harneisen; cf. F. harnacher, OF. harneschier.] 1. To dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to array. Harnessed in rugged steel. Rowe. A gay dagger, Harnessed well and sharp as point of spear. Chaucer. 2. Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense. Dr. H. More. 3. To make ready for draught; to equip with harness, as a horse. Also used figuratively. Harnessed to some regular profession. J. C. Shairp. Harnessed antelope. (Zo\'94l.) See Guib. -- Harnessed moth (Zo\'94l.), an American bombycid moth (Arctia phalerata of Harris), having, on the fore wings, stripes and bands of buff on a black ground. Harness cask Har"ness cask` (?). (Naut.) A tub lashed to a vessel's deck and containing salted provisions for daily use; -- called also harness tub. W. C. Russell. Harnesser Har"ness*er (?), n. One who harnesses. Harns Harns (?), n. pl. [Akin to Icel.hjarni, Dan. hierne.] The brains. [Scot.] Harp Harp (?), n. [OE. harpe, AS. hearpe; akin to D. harp, G.harfe, OHG. harpha, Dan. harpe, Icel. & Sw. harpa.] 1. A musical instrument consisting of a triangular frame furnished with strings and sometimes with pedals, held upright, and played with the fingers. 2. (Astron.) A constellation; Lyra, or the Lyre. 3. A grain sieve. [Scot.] \'92olian harp. See under \'92olian. Harp seal (Zo\'94l.), an arctic seal (Phoca Gr\'d2nlandica). The adult males have a light-colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each side, and the face and throat black. Called also saddler, and saddleback. The immature ones are called bluesides. -- Harp shell (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful marine gastropod shell of the genus Harpa, of several species, found in tropical seas. See Harpa. Harp Harp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harped (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Harping.] [AS. hearpian. See Harp, n.] 1. To play on the harp. I heard the voice of harpers, harping with their harps. Rev. xiv. 2. 2. To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or monotonously in speaking or in writing; to refer to something repeatedly or continually; -- usually with on or upon. "Harpings upon old themes." W. Irving. Harping on what I am, Not what he knew I was. Shak. To harp on one string, to dwell upon one subject with disagreeable or wearisome persistence. [Collog.] Harp Harp, v. t. To play on, as a harp; to play (a tune) on the harp; to develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon. Thou 'harped my fear aright. Shak. Harpa Har"pa (?), n. [L., harp.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine univalve shells; the harp shells; -- so called from the form of the shells, and their ornamental ribs. Harpagon Har"pa*gon (?), n [L. harpago, Gr. A grappling iron. [Obs.] Harper Harp"er (?), n. [AS. hearpere.] 1. A player on the harp; a minstrel. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . . Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms. Longfellow. 2. A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, -- formerly current in Ireland. B. Jonson. Harping Harp"ing (?), a. Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies. Milton. Harping iron Harp"ing i`ron (?). [F.harper to grasp strongly. See Harpoon.] A harpoon. Evelyn. Harpings Harp"ings (?), n. pl. (Naut.) The fore parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of a vessel, and are fastened to the stem. [Written also harpins.] Totten. Harpist Harp"ist, n. [Gf. F. harpiste.] A player on the harp; a harper. W. Browne. Harpoon Har*poon" (?), n. [F. harpon, LL. harpo, perh. of Ger. origin, fr. the harp; cf. F. harper to take and grasp strongly, harpe a dog's claw, harpin boathook (the sense of hook coming from the shape of the harp); but cf. also Gr. harpy. Cf. Harp.] A spear or javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as whales; a harping iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad, fiat, triangular head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by hand, or discharged from a gun. Harpoon fork, a kind of hayfork, consisting of bar with hinged barbs at one end a loop for a rope at the other end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power. -- Harpoon gun, a gun used in the whale fishery for shooting the harpoon into a whale. Harpoon Har*poon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harpooned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harpooning.] To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon. Harpooneer Har`poon*eer` (?), n. An harpooner. Grabb. Harpooner Har*poon`er (?), n. [Gf. F. harponneur.] One who throws the harpoon. Harpress Harp`ress (?), n. A female harper. [R.] Sir W. Scott. Harpsichon Harp"si*chon (?), n. A harpsichord. [Obs.] Harpsichord Harp"si*chord (?), n. [OF. harpechorde, in which the harpe is of German origin. See Harp, and Chord.] (Mus.) A harp-shaped instrument of music set horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills, instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now superseded by the piano. Harpy Har"py (?), n.; pl. Harpies (#). [F. harpie, L. harpyia, Gr. Rapacious.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A fabulous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face pale with hunger. Some writers mention two, others three. Both table and provisions vanished guite. With sound of harpies' wings and talons heard. Milton. 2. One who is rapacious or ravenous; an extortioner. The harpies about all pocket the pool. Goldsmith. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European moor buzzard or marsh harrier (Circus \'91ruginosus). (b) A large and powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle (Thrasa\'89tus harpyia). It ranges from Texas to Brazil. Harpy bat (Zo\'94l.) (a) An East Indian fruit bat of the genus Harpyia (esp. H. cerphalotes), having prominent, tubular nostrils. (b) A small, insectivorous Indian bat (Harpiocephalus harpia). Harpy fly (Zo\'94l.), the house fly. Harquebus, Harquebuse Har"que*bus, Har"que*buse (?), n. [See Arquebus.] A firearm with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in the second half of the 15th century. the barrel was about forty inches long. A form of the harquebus was subsequently called arquebus with matchlock. Harrage Har"rage (?) v. t.. [See Harry.] To harass; to plunder from. [Obs.] Fuller. Harre Har"re (?), n. [OE., fr. AS. heorr, hior.] A hinge. [Obs.] Chaucer. Harridan Har"ri*dan (?), n. [F. haridelle a worn-out horse, jade.] A worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag. Such a weak, watery, wicked old harridan, substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see. De Quincey. Harrier Har"ri*er (?), n. [From Hare, n.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting hares. [Written also harier.] Harrier Har"ri*er, n. [From Harry.] 1. One who harries. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus Circus which fly low and harry small animals or birds, -- as the European marsh harrier (Circus \'91runginosus), and the hen harrier (C. cyaneus). Harrier hawk(Micrastur. Harrow Har"row (?), n. [OE. harowe, harwe, AS. hearge; cf. D. hark rake, G. harke, Icel. herfi harrow, Dan. harve, Sw. harf. 1. An implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to stir the soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown. 2. (Mil.) An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried. Bush harrow, a kind of light harrow made of bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to finish the work of a toothed harrow. -- Drill harrow. See under 6th Drill. -- Under the harrow, subjected to actual torture with a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or oppression. Harrow Har"row, v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrowing.] [OE. harowen, harwen; cf. Dan. harve. See Harrow, n.] 1. To draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed; as, to harrow land. Will he harrow the valleys after thee? Job xxxix. 10. 2. To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex. My aged muscles harrowed up with whips. Rowe. I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul. Shak. Harrow Har"row, interj. [OF. harau, haro; fr. OHG. hara, hera, herot, or fr. OS. herod hither, akin to E. here.] Help! Halloo! An exclamation of distress; a call for succor;-the ancient Norman hue and cry. "Harrow and well away!" Spenser. Harrow! alas! here lies my fellow slain. Chaucer. Harrow Har"row, v. t.. [See Harry.] To pillage; to harry; to oppress. [Obs.] Spenser. Meaning thereby to harrow his people. Bacon Harrower Har"row*er (?), n. One who harrows. Harrower Har"row*er, n. One who harries. [Obs.] Harry Har"ry (?), v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harried( ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrying.] [OF. harwen, herien, her, AS. hergisn to act as an army, to ravage, plunder, fr. here army; akin to G. here army; akin to G. heer, Icel. herr, Goth. harjis, and Lith. karas war. Gf. Harbor, Herald, Heriot.] 1. To strip; to lay waste; as, the Northmen came several times and harried the land. To harry this beautiful region. W. Irving. A red squirrel had harried the nest of a wood thrush. J. Burroughs. 2. To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to harass. Shak. Syn. -- To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease; worry; annoy; harass. Harry Har"ry, v. i.. To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Harsh Harsh (?), a. [Compar. Harsher (?); superl. Harshest.] [OE. harsk; akin to G. harsch, Dan. harsk rancid, Sw. h\'84rsk; from the same source as E. hard. See Hard, a.] 1. Rough; disagreeable; grating; esp.:(a) To the touch."Harsh sand." Boyle. (b) To the taste. "Berries harsh and crude." Milton. (c) To the ear. "Harsh din." Milton. 2. Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough. Clarence is so harsh, so blunt. Shak. Though harsh the precept, yet the charmed. Dryden. 3. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) Having violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade; lacking in harmony. Harshly Harsh"ly, adv. In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely. 'T will sound harshly in her ears. Shak. Harshness Harsh"ness, n. The quality or state of being harsh. O, she is Ten times more gentle than her father 's crabbed, And he's composed of harshness. Shak. 'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense, The sound must seem an echo to the sense. Pope. Syn. -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See Acrimony. Harslet Hars"let (?), n. See Haslet. Hart Hart (?), n. [OE.hart, hert, heort, AS. heort, heorot; akin to D. hert, OHG. hiruz, hirz, G. hirsch, Icel. hj\'94rtr, Dan. & Sw. hjort, L. cervus, and prob. to Gr.Horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under Buck. Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind. Milton. Hartbeest Hart"beest` (?), n. [D. hertebeest. See Hart, and Beast.] (Zo\'94l.) A large South African antelope (Alcelaphus caama), formerly much more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with black, the rump with white. [Written also hartebeest, and hartebest.] Harten Hart"en (?), v. t. To hearten; to encourage; to incite. [Obs.] Spenser. Hartford Hart"ford (?), n. The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first raised at Hartford, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark-colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds. Harts clover Hart"s` clo`ver (?). (Bot.) Melilot or sweet clover. See Melilot. Hart's-ear Hart's`-ear` (?), n. (Bot.) An Asiatic species of Cacalia (C. Kleinia), used medicinally in India. Hartshorn Harts"horn` (?), n. 1. The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer. 2. Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile salts. Hartshorn plantain (Bot.), an annual species of plantain (Plantago Coronopus); -- called also duck's-horn. Booth. -- Hartshorn shavings, originally taken from the horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly. Hebert. -- Salt of hartshorn (Chem.), an impure solid carbonate of ammonia, obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any kind of bone; volatile salts. Brande & C.-- Spirits of hartshorn (Chem.), a solution of ammonia in water; -- so called because formerly obtained from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation. Similar ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the same name. _________________________________________________________________ Page 673 Hart-tongue Hart"-tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A common British fern (Scolopendrium vulgare), rare in America. (b) A West Indian fern, the Polypodium Phyllitidis of Linn\'91us. It is also found in Florida. Hartwort Hart"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum). NOTE: &hand; The name is often vaguely given to other plants of the same order, as species of Seseli and Bupleurum. Harum-scarum Har"um-scar"um (?), a. [Cf. hare,v. t., and scare, v. t.] Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless. [Colloq.] They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a harum-scarum lad. Thackeray. Haruspication Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion (?), n. See Haruspicy. Tylor. Haruspice Ha*rus"pice (?), n. [F., fr. L. haruspex.] A diviner of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspice. Haruspicy Ha*rus"pi*cy (?), n. The art or practices of haruspices. See Aruspicy. Harvest Har"vest (?), n. [OE. harvest, hervest, AS. h\'91rfest autumn; akin to LG. harfst, D. herfst, OHG. herbist, G. herbst, and prob. to L. carpere to pluck, Gr. Carpet.] 1. The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn. Seedtime and harvest . . . shall not cease. Gen viii. 22. At harvest, when corn is ripe. Tyndale. 2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gath Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Joel iii. 13. To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps. Shak. 3. The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward. The pope's principal harvest was in the jubilee. Fuller. The harvest of a quiet eye. Wordsworth. Harvest fish (Zo\'94l.), a marine fish of the Southern United States (Stromateus alepidotus); -- called whiting in Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish. -- Harvest fly (Zo\'94l.), an hemipterous insect of the genus Cicada, often called locust. See Cicada. -- Harvest lord, the head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.] Tusser. -- Harvest mite (Zo\'94l.), a minute European mite (Leptus autumnalis), of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals; -- called also harvest louse, and harvest bug. -- Harvest moon, the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same hour for several days. -- Harvest mouse (Zo\'94l.), a very small European field mouse (Mus minutus). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other plants. -- Harvest queen, an image pepresenting Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. Milton. -- Harvest spider. (Zo\'94l.) See Daddy longlegs. Harvest Har"vest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harvested; p. pr. & vb. n. Harvesting.] To reap or gather, as any crop. Harvester Har"vest*er (?), n. 1. One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a reaper. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A harvesting ant. Harvest-home Har"vest-home" (?), n. 1. The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of harvest. Showed like a stubble land at harvest-home. Shak. 2. The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the close of the harvest; the feast itself. Dryden. 3. A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in the Church of England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. 4. The opportunity of gathering treasure. Shak. Harvest-ing Har"vest-ing, a. & n., from Harvest, v. t. Harvesting ant (Zo\'94l.), any species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many species are known. NOTE: &hand; The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are Aphenogaster structor and A. barbara; that of Texas, called agricultural ant, is Pogonomyrmex barbatus or Myrmica molifaciens; that of Florida is P. crudelis. See Agricultural ant, under Agricultural. Harvestless Har"vest*less, a. Without harvest; lacking in crops; barren. "Harvestless autumns." Tennyson. Harvestman Har"vest*man (?), n.; pl. Harvestmen (. /def> 1. A man engaged in harvesting. Shak. 2. (Zo\'94l.) See Daddy longlegs, 1. Harvestry Har"vest*ry (?), n. The act of harvesting; also, that which is harvested. Swinburne. Hary Har"y (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. harier to harass, or E. harry, v. t.] To draw; to drag; to carry off by vio [Obs.] Chaucer. Has Has (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have. Hasard Has"ard (?), n. Hazard. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hase Hase (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Haze, v. t. Hash Hash (?), n. [Formerly hachey, hachee, F. hachis, hacher to hash; of German origin; cf. G. hippe sickle, OHG. hippa, for happia. Cf. Hatchet.] 1. That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables, especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small pieces and mixed. 2. A new mixture of old matter; a second preparation or exhibition. I can not bear elections, and still less the hash of them over again in a first session. Walpole. Hash Hash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hashing.] [From Hash, n.: cf. F. hacher to hash.] To as, to hash meat. Hudibras. Hasheesh, Hashish Hash"eesh, Hash"ish (?), n. [Ar. hash\'c6sh.] A slightly acrid gum resin produced by the common hemp (Cannabis saltiva), of the variety Indica, when cultivated in a warm climate; also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product is obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for its intoxicating effect. See Bhang, and Ganja. Hask Hask (?), n. [See Hassock.] A basket made of rushes or flags, as for carrying fish. [Obs.] Spenser. Haslet Has"let (?), n. [F. h\'83telettes broil, for hastelettes, fr. F. haste spit; cf. L. hasta spear, and also OHG. harst gridiron.] The edible viscera, as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp. of a hog. [Written also harslet.] Hasp Hasp (?), n. [OE. hasp, hesp, AS. h\'91pse; akin to G. haspe, h\'84spe, Sw. & Dan. haspe, Icel. hespa.] 1. A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door. 2. A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on. 3. An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier. Hasp Hasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hasping.] [AS. h\'91psian.] To shut or fasten with a hasp. Hassock Has"sock (?), n. [Scot. hassock, hassik, a besom, anything bushy, a large, round turf used as a seat, OE. hassok sedgy ground, W. hesgog sedgy, hesg sedge, rushes; cf. Ir. seisg, and E. sedge.] 1. A rank tuft of bog grass; a tussock. Forby. 2. A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for kneeling on in church, or for home use. And knees and hassocks are well nigh divorced. Cowper. Hast Hast (?), 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest. [Archaic] Hastate, Hastated Has"tate (?), Has"ta*ted, a. [L. hastatus, fr. hasta spear. Cf. Gad, n.] Shaped like the head of a halberd; triangular, with the basal angles or lobes spreading; as, a hastate leaf. Haste Haste (?), n. [OE. hast; akin to D. haast, G., Dan., Sw., & OFries. hast, cf. OF. haste, F. h\'83te (of German origin); all perh. fr. the root of E. hate in a earlier sense of, to pursue. See Hate.] 1. Celerity of motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; -- applied only to voluntary beings, as men and other animals. The king's business required haste. 1 Sam. xxi. 8. 2. The state of being urged or pressed by business; hurry; urgency; sudden excitement of feeling or passion; precipitance; vehemence. I said in my haste, All men are liars. Ps. cxvi. 11. To make haste, to hasten. Syn. -- Speed; quickness; nimbleness; swiftness; expedition; dispatch; hurry; precipitance; vehemence; precipitation. -- Haste, Hurry, Speed, Dispatch. Haste denotes quickness of action and a strong desire for getting on; hurry includes a confusion and want of collected thought not implied in haste; speed denotes the actual progress which is made; dispatch, the promptitude and rapidity with which things are done. A man may properly be in haste, but never in a hurry. Speed usually secures dispatch. Haste Haste, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hasting.] [OE. hasten; akin to G. hasten, D. haasten, Dan. haste, Sw. hasta, OF. haster, F. h\'83ter. See Haste, n.] To hasten; to hurry. [Archaic] I 'll haste the writer. Shak. They were troubled and hasted away. Ps. xlviii. 5. Hasten Has"ten (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hastened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hastening (?).] To press; to drive or urge forward; to push on; to precipitate; to accelerate the movement of; to expedite; to hurry. I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps. lv. 8. Hasten Has"ten, v. i. To move celerity; to be rapid in motion; to act speedily or quickly; to go quickly. I hastened to the spot whence the noise came. D Hastener Has"ten*er (?), n. 1. One who hastens. 2. That which hastens; especially, a stand or reflector used for confining the heat of the fire to meat while roasting before it. Hastif Has"tif (?), a. [OF. See Hastive.] Hasty. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Has"tif*ly, adv. [Obs.] Hastile Has"tile (?), a. [L. hasta a spear.] (Bot.) Same as Hastate. Gray. Hastily Has"ti*ly (?), adv. [From Hasty.] 1. In haste; with speed or quickness; speedily; nimbly. 2. Without due reflection; precipitately; rashly. We hastily engaged in the war. Swift. 3. Passionately; impatiently. Shak. Hastiness Has"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being hasty; haste; precipitation; rashness; quickness of temper. Hastings Has"tings (?), n. pl. [From Haste, v.] Early fruit or vegetables; especially, early pease. Mortimer. Hastings sands Has"tings sands" (?). (Geol.) The lower group of the Wealden formation; -- so called from its development around Hastings, in Sussex, England. Hastive Has"tive (?), a. [OF. hastif. See Haste, n., and cf. Hastif.] Forward; early; -- said of fruits. [Obs.] Hasty Has"ty (?), a. [Compar. Hastier (?); superl. Hastiest.] [Akin to D. haastig, G., Sw., & Dan. hastig. See Haste, n.] 1. Involving haste; done, made, etc., in haste; as, a hasty sketch. 2. Demanding haste or immediate action. [R.] Chaucer. "Hasty employment." Shak. 3. Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry; hurrying; hence, acting without deliberation; precipitate; rash; easily excited; eager. 4. Made or reached without deliberation or due caution; as, a hasty conjecture, inference, conclusion, etc., a hasty resolution. 5. Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick temper. Take no unkindness of his hasty words. Shak 6. Forward; early; first ripe. [Obs.] "As the hasty fruit before the summer." Is. xxviii. 4. Hasty pudding Has"ty pud"ding (?). 1. A thick batter pudding made of Indian meal stirred into boiling water; mush. [U. S.] 2. A batter or pudding made of flour or oatmeal, stirred into boiling water or milk. [Eng.] Hat Hat (?), a. Hot. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hat Hat, sing. pres. of Hote to be called. Cf. Hatte. [Obs.] "That one hat abstinence." Piers Plowman. Hat Hat (?), n. [AS. h\'91t, h\'91tt; akin to Dan. hat, Sw. hatt, Icel. hattr a hat, h\'94ttr hood, D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG. huot, and prob. to L. cassis helmet. Hood.] A covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim, made of various materials, and worn by men or women for protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for ornament. Hat block, a block on which hats are formed or dressed. -- To pass around the hat, to take up a collection of voluntary contributions, which are often received in a hat. [Collog.] Lowell. Hatable Hat"a*ble (?), a. [From Hate.] Capable of being, or deserving to be, hated; odious; detestable. Hatband Hat"band` (?), n. A band round the crown of a hat; sometimes, a band of black cloth, crape, etc., worn as a badge of mourning. Hatbox Hat"box` (?), n. A box for a hat. Hatch Hatch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hatching.] [F. hacher to chop, hack. See Hash.] 1. To cross with lines in a peculiar manneHatching. Shall win this sword, silvered and hatched. Chapman. Those hatching strokes of the pencil. Dryden. 2. To cross; to spot; to stain; to steep. [Obs.] His weapon hatched in blood. Beau. & Fl. Hatch Hatch, v. t. [OE. hacchen, hetchen; akin to G. hecken, Dan. hekke; cf. MHG. hagen bull; perh. akin to E. hatch a half door, and orig. meaning, to produce under a hatch. 1. To produce, as young, from an egg or eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat; to produce young from (eggs); as, the young when hatched. Paley. As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not. Jer. xvii. 11. For the hens do not sit upon the eggs; but by keeping them in a certain equal heat they [the husbandmen] bring life into them and hatch them. Robynson (More's Utopia). 2. To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being; to originate and produce; to concoct; as, to hatch mischief; to hatch heresy. Hooker. Fancies hatched In silken-folded idleness. Tennyson. Hatch Hatch, v. i. To produce young; -- said of eggs; to come forth from the egg; -- said of the young of birds, fishes, insects, etc. Hatch Hatch, n. 1. The act of hatching. 2. Development; disclosure; discovery. Shak. 3. The chickens produced at once or by one incubation; a brood. Hatch Hatch, n. [OE. hacche, AS. h\'91c, cf. haca the bar of a door, D. hek gate, Sw. h\'84ck coop, rack, Dan. hekke manger, rack. Prob. akin to E. hook, and first used of something made of pieces fastened together. Cf. Heck, Hack a frame.] 1. A door with an opening over it; a half door, sometimes set with spikes on the upper edge. In at the window, or else o'er the hatch. Shak. 2. A frame or weir in a river, for catching fish. 3. A flood gate; a a sluice gate. Ainsworth. 4. A bedstead. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. 5. An opening in the deck of a vessel or floor of a warehouse which serves as a passageway or hoistway; a hatchway; also; a cover or door, or one of the covers used in closing such an opening. 6. (Mining) An opening into, or in search of, a mine. Booby hatch, Buttery hatch, Companion hatch, etc. See under Booby, Buttery, etc. -- To batten down the hatches (Naut.), to lay tarpaulins over them, and secure them with battens. -- To be under hatches, to be confined below in a vessel; to be under arrest, or in slavery, distress, etc. Hatch Hatch, v. t. To close with a hatch or hatches. 'T were not amiss to keep our door hatched. Shak Hatch-boat Hatch"-boat` (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel whose deck consists almost wholly of movable hatches; -- used mostly in the fisheries. Hatchel Hatch"el (?; 277), n. [OE. hechele, hekele; akin to D. hekel, G. hechel, Dan. hegle, Sw. h\'84kla, and prob. to E. hook. See Hook, and cf. Hackle, Heckle.] An instrument with long iron teeth set in a board, for cleansing flax or hemp from the tow, hards, or coarse part; a kind of large comb; -- called also hackle and heckle. Hatchel Hatch"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatcheled or Hatchelled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Hatcheling or Hatchelling.] [OE. hechelen, hekelen; akin to D. hekelen, G. hecheln, Dan. hegle, Sw. h\'84kla. See Hatchel, n.] 1. To draw through the teeth of a hatchel, as flax or hemp, so as to separate the coarse and refuse parts from the fine, fibrous parts. 2. To tease; to worry; to torment. [Colloq.] Hatcheler Hatch"el*er (?), n. One who uses a hatchel. Hatcher Hatch"er (?), n. 1. One who hatches, or that which hatches; a hatching apparatus; an incubator. 2. One who contrives or originates; a plotter. A great hatcher and breeder of business. Swift. Hatchery Hatch"er*y (?), n. A house for hatching fish, etc. Hatchet Hatch"et (?), n. [F. hachette, dim. of hache Hatch, Hash.] 1. A small ax with a short handle, to be used with one hand. 2. Specifically, a tomahawk. Buried was the bloody hatchet. Longfellow. _________________________________________________________________ Page 674 Hatchet face, a thin, sharp face, like the edge of a hatchet; hence: Hatchet-faced, sharp-visaged. Dryden. -- To bury the hatchet, to make peace or become reconciled. -- To take up the hatchet, to make or declare war. The last two phrases are derived from the practice of the American Indians. <-- Hatchet man Hatchet man 1. A person hired to murder or physically attack another; a hit man. 2. A person who deliberately tries to ruin the reputation of another, often unscrupulously, by slander or other malicious communication, often with political motive, and sometimes for pay. --> Hatchettine, Hatchettite Hatch"et*tine (?), Hatch"et*tite (?), n. [Named after the discoverer, Charles Hatchett.] (Min.) Mineral t Hatching Hatch"ing, n. [See 1st Hatch.] A mode of execution in engraving, drawing, and miniature painting, in which shading is produced by lines crossing each other at angles more or less acute; -- called also crosshatching. Hatchment Hatch"ment (?), n. [Corrupt. fr. achievement.] 1. (Her.) A sort of panel, upon which the arms of a deceased person are temporarily displayed, -- usually on the walls of his dwelling. It is lozenge-shaped or square, but is hung cornerwise. It is used in England as a means of giving public notification of the death of the deceased, his or her rank, whether married, widower, widow, etc. Called also achievement. His obscure funeral; No trophy, sword, or hatchment o'er his bones. Shak. 2. A sword or other mark of the profession of arms; in general, a mark of dignity. Let there be deducted, out of our main potation, Five marks in hatchments to adorn this thigh. Beau. & Fl. Hatchure Hatch"ure (?; 135), n. Same as Hachure. Hatchway Hatch"way` (?), n. A square or oblong opening in a deck or floor, affording passage from one deck or story to another; the entrance to a cellar. Hate Hate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hated; p. pr. & pr. & vb. n. Hating.] [OE. haten, hatien, AS. hatian; akin to OS. hatan, hat to be hostile to, D. haten to hate, OHG. hazz, hazz, G. hassen, Icel. & Sw. hata, Dan. hade, Goth. hatan, hatian. . Cf. Hate, n., Heinous.] 1. To have a great aversion to, with a strong desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; to dislike intensely; to detest; as, to hate one's enemies; to hate hypocrisy. Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer. 1 John iii. 15. 2. To be very unwilling; followed by an infinitive, or a substantive clause with that; as, to hate to get into debt; to hate that anything should be wasted. I hate that he should linger here. Tennyson. 3. (Script.) To love less, relatively. Luke xiv. 26. Syn. -- To Hate, Abhor, Detest, Abominate, Loathe. Hate is the generic word, and implies that one is inflamed with extreme dislike. We abhor what is deeply repugnant to our sensibilities or feelings. We detest what contradicts so utterly our principles and moral sentiments that we feel bound to lift up our voice against it. What we abominate does equal violence to our moral and religious sentiments. What we loathe is offensive to our own nature, and excites unmingled disgust. Our Savior is said to have hated the deeds of the Nicolaitanes; his language shows that he loathed the lukewarmness of the Laodiceans; he detested the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees; he abhorred the suggestions of the tempter in the wilderness. Hate Hate, n. [OE. hate, hete, AS. hete; akin to D. haat, G. hass, Icel. hatr, SW. hat, Dan. had, Goth. hatis. Cf. Hate, v.] Strong aversion coupled with desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; as exercised toward things, intense dislike; hatred; detestation; -- opposed to love. For in a wink the false love turns to hate. Tennyson. Hateful Hate"ful (?), a. 1. Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent. [Archaic or R.] And worse than death, to view with hateful eyes His rival's conquest. Dryden. 2. Exciting or deserving great dislike, aversion, or disgust; odious. Unhappy, wretched, hateful day! Shak. Syn. -- Odious; detestable; abominable; execrable; loathsome; abhorrent; repugnant; malevolent. -- Hate"ful*ly, adv. -- Hate"ful*ness, n. Hatel Hat"el (?), a. Hateful; detestable. [Obs.] Hater Hat"er (?), n. One who hates. An enemy to God, and a hater of all good. Sir T. Browne. Hath Hath (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have, contracted from haveth. Has. [Archaic.] Hatless Hat"less (?), a. Having no hat. Hatrack Hat"rack` (?), n. A hatstand; hattree. Hatred Ha"tred (?), n. [OE. hatred, hatreden. See Hate, and cf. Kindred.] Strong aversion; intense dislike; hate; an affection of the mind awakened by something regarded as evil. Syn. -- Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity; malevolence; rancor; malignity; detestation; loathing; abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy. See Odium. Hatstand Hat"stand` (?), n. A stand of wood or iron, with hooks or pegs upon which to hang hats, etc. Hatte Hat`te (?), pres. & imp. sing. & pl. of Hote, to be called. See Hote. [Obs.] Chaucer. A full perilous place, purgatory it hatte. Piers Plowman. Hatted Hat"ted (?), a. Covered with a hat. Hatter Hat"ter (?), v. t. [Prov. E., to entangle; cf. LG. verhaddern, verheddern, verhiddern.] To tire or worry; -- out. [Obs.] Dryden. Hatter Hat"ter, n. One who makes or sells hats. Hatteria Hat*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A New Zealand lizard, which, in anatomical character, differs widely from all other existing lizards. It is the only living representative of the order Rhynchocephala, of which many Mesozoic fossil species are known; -- called also Sphenodon, and Tuatera. Hatting Hat"ting (?), n. The business of making hats; also, stuff for hats. Hatti-sherif Hat"ti-sher`if (?), n. [Turk., fr. Ar. knatt a writing + sher\'c6f noble.] A irrevocable Turkish decree countersigned by the sultan. Hattree Hat"tree` (?), n. A hatstand. Haubergeon Hau*ber"ge*on (?), n. See Habergeon. Hauberk Hau"berk (?), n. [OF. hauberc, halberc, F.haubert, OHG. halsberc; hals neck + bergan to protect, G. bergen; akin to AS. healsbeorg, Icel. h\'belsbj\'94rg. See Collar, and Bury, v. t.] A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it is often used synonymously with habergeon. See Habergeon. [Written variously hauberg, hauberque, hawberk, etc.] Chaucer. Helm, nor hawberk's twisted mail. Gray. Hauerite Hau"er*ite (?), n. [Named after Von Hauer, of Vienna.] (Min.) Native sulphide of manganese a reddish brown or brownish black mineral. Haugh Haugh (?), n. [See Haw a hedge.] A low-lying meadow by the side of a river. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] On a haugh or level plain, near to a royal borough. Sir W. Scott. Haught Haught (?), a. [See Haughty.] High; elevated; hence, haughty; proud. [Obs.] Shak. Haughtily Haugh"ti*ly (?), adv. [From Haughty.] In a haughty manner; arrogantly. Haughtiness Haugh"ti*ness, n. [For hauteinness. See Haughty.] The quality of being haughty; disdain; arrogance. Syn. -- Arrogance; disdain; contemptuousness; superciliousness; loftiness. -- Haughtiness, Arrogance, Disdain. Haughtiness denotes the expression of conscious and proud superiority; arrogance is a disposition to claim for one's self more than is justly due, and enforce it to the utmost; disdain in the exact reverse of condescension toward inferiors, since it expresses and desires others to feel how far below ourselves we consider them. A person is haughty in disposition and demeanor; arrogant in his claims of homage and deference; disdainful even in accepting the deference which his haughtiness leads him arrogantly to exact. Haughty Haugh"ty, a. [Compar. Haughtier (?); superl. Haughtiest.] [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.] 1. High; lofty; bold. [Obs. or Archaic] To measure the most haughty mountain's height. Spenser. Equal unto this haughty enterprise. Spenser 2. Disdainfully or contemptuously proud; arrogant; overbearing. A woman of a haughty and imperious nature. Clarendon. 3. Indicating haughtiness; as, a haughty carriage. Satan, with vast and haughty strides advanced, Came towering. Milton. Haul Haul (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hauled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hauling.] [OE. halen, halien, F. geholian to acquire, get, D. halen to fetch, pull, draw, OHG. hol, hal, G. holen, Dan. hale to haul, Sw. hala, and to L. calare to call, summon, Gr. Hale, v. t., Claim. Class, Council, Ecclesiastic.] 1. To pull or draw with force; to drag. Some dance, some haul the rope. Denham. Thither they bent, and hauled their ships to land. Pope. Romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. Thomson. 2. To transport by drawing, as with horses or oxen; as, to haul logs to a sawmill. When I was seven or eight years of age, I began hauling all the wood used in the house and shops. U. S. Grant. To haul over the coals. See under Coal. -- To haul the wind (Naut.), to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from which the wind blows. Haul Haul, v. i. 1. (Naut.) To change the direction of a ship by hauling the wind. See under Haul, v. t. I . . . hauled up for it, and found it to be an island. Cook. 2. To pull apart, as oxen sometimes do when yoked. To haul around (Naut.), to shift to any point of the compass; -- said of the wind. -- To haul off (Naut.), to sail closer to the wind, in order to get farther away from anything; hence, to withdraw; to draw back.<-- haul off (b), to get ready (usu. for violent action) -- used with "and" -- "hauled off and punched him on the nose" --> Haul Haul, n. 1. A pulling with force; a violent pull. 2. A single draught of a net; as, to catch a hundred fish at a haul. 3. That which is caught, taken, or gained at once, as by hauling a net. 4. Transportation by hauling; the distance through which anything is hauled, as freight in a railroad car; as, a long haul or short haul. 5. (Rope Making) A bundle of about four hundred threads, to be tarred. Haulage Haul"age (?), n. Act of hauling; as, the haulage of cars by an engine; charge for hauling. Hauler Haul"er (?), n. One who hauls. Haulm Haulm (, n. [OE. halm, AS. healm; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. halm, Icel. h\'belmr, L. calamus reed, cane, stalk, Gr. Excel, Culminate, Culm, Shawm, Calamus.] The denuded stems or stalks of such crops as buckwheat and the cereal grains, beans, etc.; straw. Haulm Haulm, n. A part of a harness; a hame. Hauls Hauls (?), n. [Obs.] See Hals. Haulse Haulse (?), v. [Obs.] See Halse. Hault Hault (?), a. [OF. hault, F. haut. See Haughty.] Lofty; haughty. [Obs.] Through support of countenance proud and hault. Spenser. Haum Haum (?), n. See Haulm, stalk. Smart. Haunce Haunce (?), v. t. To enhance. [Obs.] Lydgate. Haunch Haunch (?; 277), n. [F. hanche, of German origin; cf. OD. hancke, hencke, and also OHG. ancha; prob. not akin to E. ankle.] 1. The hip; the projecting region of the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip joint; the hind part. 2. Of meats: The leg and loin taken together; as, a haunch of venison. Haunch bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. -- Haunches of an arch (Arch.), the parts on each side of the crown of an arch. (See Crown, n., 11.) Each haunch may be considered as from one half to two thirds of the half arch. Haunched Haunched (?), a. Having haunches. Haunt Haunt (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Haunting.] [F. hanter; of uncertain origin, perh. from an assumed LL. ambitare to go about, fr. L. ambire (see Ambition); or cf. Icel. heimta to demand, regain, akin to heim home (see Home). &root;36.] 1. To frequent; to resort to frequently; to visit pertinaciously or intrusively; to intrude upon. You wrong me, sir, thus still to haunt my house. Shak. Those cares that haunt the court and town. Swift. 2. To inhabit or frequent as a specter; to visit as a ghost or apparition. Foul spirits haunt my resting place. Fairfax. 3. To practice; to devote one's self to. [Obs.] That other merchandise that men haunt with fraud . . . is cursed. Chaucer. Leave honest pleasure, and haunt no good pastime. Ascham. 4. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Haunt thyself to pity. Wyclif. Haunt Haunt, v. i. To persist in staying or visiting. I've charged thee not to haunt about my doors. Shak. Haunt Haunt, n. 1. A place to which one frequently resorts; as, drinking saloons are the haunts of tipplers; a den is the haunt of wild beasts. NOTE: &hand; In Ol d En glish th e pl ace occupied by any one as a dwelling or in his business was called a haunt. NOTE: Often used figuratively. The household nook, The haunt of all affections pure. Keble. The feeble soul, a haunt of fears. Tennyson. 2. The habit of resorting to a place. [Obs.] The haunt you have got about the courts. Arbuthnot. 3. Practice; skill. [Obs.] Of clothmaking she hadde such an haunt. Chaucer. Haunted Haunt"ed, a. Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost. All houses wherein men have lived and died Are haunted houses. Longfellow. Haunter Haunt"er (?), n. One who, or that which, haunts. Haurient Hau"ri*ent (?), a. [L. hauriens, p. pr. of haurire to breathe.] (Her.) In pale, with the head in chief; -- said of the figure of a fish, as if rising for air. Hausen Hau"sen (?), n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) A large sturgeon (Acipenser huso) from the region of the Black Sea. It is sometimes twelve feet long.<-- syn = Huso huso, and also called Beluga. Provides the highest quality caviar --> Hausse Hausse (?), n. [F.] (Gun.) A kind of graduated breech sight for a small arm, or a cannon. Haustellata Haus`tel*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. haustellum, fr. L. haurire, haustum, to draw water, to swallow. See Exhaust.] (Zo\'94l.) An artificial division of insects, including all those with a sucking proboscis. Haustellate Haus"tel*late (?), a. [See Haustellata.] (Zo\'94l.) Provided with a haustellum, or sucking proboscis. -- n. One of the Haustellata. Haustellum Haus*tel"lum (?), n.; pl. Haustella (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The sucking proboscis of various insects. See Lepidoptera, and Diptera. Haustorium Haus*to"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Haustoria (#). [LL., a well, fr. L. haurire, haustum, to drink.] (Bot.) One of the suckerlike rootlets of such plants as the dodder and ivy. R. Brown. Haut Haut (?), a. [F. See Haughty.] Haughty. [Obs.] "Nations proud and haut." Milton. Hautboy Haut"boy (?), n. [F. hautbois, lit., high wood; haut high + bois wood. So called on account of its high tone. See Haughty, Bush; and cf. Oboe.] 1. (Mus.) A wind instrument, sounded through a reed, and similar in shape to the clarinet, but with a thinner tone. Now more commonly called oboe. See Illust. of Oboe. 2. (Bot.) A sort of strawberry (Fragaria elatior). Hautboyist Haut"boy*ist (-&icr;st), n. [Cf. F. hautbo\'8bste.] A player on the hautboy. Hautein Hau"tein (?), a. [See Haughty.] 1. Haughty; proud. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. High; -- said of the voice or flight of birds. [Obs.] Hauteur Hau`teur" (?), n. [F., fr. haut high. See Haughty.] Haughty manner or spirit; haughtiness; pride; arrogance. Hautgo\'96t Haut`go\'96t" (?), n. [F.] High relish or flavor; high seasoning. Hautpas Haut`pas" (?), n. [F. haut high + pas step.] A raised part of the floor of a large room; a platform for a raised table or throne. See Dais. _________________________________________________________________ Page 675 Ha\'81ynite Ha"\'81y*nite (?), n. [From the French mineralogist Ha\'81y.] (Min.) A blue isometric mineral, characteristic of some volcani Havana Ha*van"a (?), a. Of or pertaining to Havana, the capital of the island of Cuba; as, an Havana cigar; -- formerly sometimes written Havannah. -- n. An Havana cigar. Young Frank Clavering stole his father's Havannahs, and . . . smoked them in the stable. Thackeray. Havanese Hav`an*ese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Havana, in Cuba. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant, or the people, of Havana. Have Have (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Had (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Having. Indic. present, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they have.] [OE. haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. h\'91fde, p. p. geh\'91fd); akin to OS. hebbian, D. hebben, OFries, hebba, OHG. hab, G. haben, Icel. hafa, Sw. hafva, Dan. have, Goth. haban, and prob. to L. habere, whence F. avoir. Cf. Able, Avoirdupois, Binnacle, Habit.] 1. To hold in possession or control; to own; as, he has a farm. 2. To possess, as something which appertains to, is connected with, or affects, one. The earth hath bubbles, as the water has. Shak. He had a fever late. Keats. 3. To accept possession of; to take or accept. Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou have me? Shak. 4. To get possession of; to obtain; to get. Shak. 5. To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact; to desire; to require. It had the church accurately described to me. Sir W. Scott. Wouldst thou have me turn traitor also? Ld. Lytton. 6. To bear, as young; as, she has just had a child. 7. To hold, regard, or esteem. Of them shall I be had in honor. 2 Sam. vi. 22. 8. To cause or force to go; to take. "The stars have us to bed." Herbert. "Have out all men from me." 2 Sam. xiii. 9. 9. To take or hold (one's self); to proceed promptly; -- used reflexively, often with ellipsis of the pronoun; as, to have after one; to have at one or at a thing, i. e., to aim at one or at a thing; to attack; to have with a companion. Shak. 10. To be under necessity or obligation; to be compelled; followed by an infinitive. Science has, and will long have, to be a divider and a separatist. M. Arnold. The laws of philology have to be established by external comparison and induction. Earle. 11. To understand. You have me, have you not? Shak. 12. To put in an awkward position; to have the advantage of; as, that is where he had him. [Slang] NOTE: &hand; Ha ve, as an au xiliary ve rb, is used with the past participle to form preterit tenses; as, I have loved; I shall have eaten. Originally it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by the participle; as, I have conquered him, I have or hold him in a conquered state; but it has long since lost this independent significance, and is used with the participles both of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for expressing past time. Had is used, especially in poetry, for would have or should have. Myself for such a face had boldly died. Tennyson. To have a care, to take care; to be on one's guard. -- To have (a man) out, to engage (one) in a duel. -- To have done (with). See under Do, v. i. -- To have it out, to speak freely; to bring an affair to a conclusion. -- To have on, to wear. -- To have to do with. See under Do, v. t. Syn. -- To possess; to own. See Possess. Haveless Have"less, a. Having little or nothing. [Obs.] Gower. Havelock Hav"e*lock (?), n. [From Havelock, an English general distinguished in India in the rebellion of 1857.] A light cloth covering for the head and neck, used by soldiers as a protection from sunstroke. Haven Ha"ven (?), n. [AS. h\'91fene; akin to D. & LG. haven, G. hafen, MNG. habe, Dan. havn, Icel. h\'94fn, Sw. hamn; akin to E. have, and hence orig., a holder; or to heave (see Heave); or akin to AS. h\'91f sea, Icel. & Sw. haf, Dan. hav, which is perh. akin to E. heave.] 1. A bay, recess, or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords anchorage and shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port. What shipping and what lading's in our haven. Shak. Their haven under the hill. Tennyson. 2. A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum. Shak. The haven, or the rock of love. Waller. Haven Ha"ven, v. t. To shelter, as in a haven. Keats. Havenage Ha"ven*age (?), n. Harbor dues; port dues. Havened Ha"vened (?), p. a. Sheltered in a haven. Blissful havened both from joy and pain. Keats. Havener Ha"ven*er (?), n. A harbor master. [Obs.] Haver Ha"ver (?), n. A possessor; a holder. Shak. Haver Hav"er, n. [D. haver; akin to G. haber.] The oat; oats. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Haver bread, oaten bread. -- Haver cake, oaten cake. Piers Plowman. -- Haver grass, the wild oat. -- Haver meal, oatmeal. Haver Ha"ver (?), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To maunder; to talk foolishly; to chatter. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Haversack Hav"er*sack (?), n. [F. havresac, G. habersack, sack for oats. See 2d Haver, and Sack a bag.] 1. A bag for oats or oatmeal. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which a soldier carries his rations when on a march; -- distinguished from knapsack. 3. A gunner's case or bag used carry cartridges from the ammunition chest to the piece in loading. Haversian Ha*ver"sian (?), a. Pertaining to, or discovered by, Clopton Havers, an English physician of the seventeenth century. Haversian canals (Anat.), the small canals through which the blood vessels ramify in bone. Havildar Hav`il*dar" (?), n. In the British Indian armies, a noncommissioned officer of native soldiers, corresponding to a sergeant. Havildar major, a native sergeant major in the East Indian army. Having Hav"ing (?), n. Possession; goods; estate. I 'll lend you something; my having is not much. Shak. Havior Hav"ior (?), n. [OE. havour, a corruption of OF. aveir, avoir, a having, of same origin as E. aver a work horse. The h is due to confusion with E. have.] Behavior; demeanor. [Obs.] Shak. Havoc Hav"oc (?), n. [W. hafog devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself fr. E. havoc, cf. OE. havot, or AS. hafoc hawk, which is a cruel or rapacious bird, or F. hai, voux! a cry to hounds.] Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste. As for Saul, he made havoc of the church. Acts viii. 3. Ye gods, what havoc does ambition make Among your works! Addison. Havoc Hav"oc, v. t. To devastate; to destroy; to lay waste. To waste and havoc yonder world. Milton. Havoc Hav"oc, interj. [See Havoc, n.] A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter. Toone. Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt With modest warrant. Shak. Cry 'havoc,' and let slip the dogs of war! Shak. Haw Haw (?), n. [OE. hawe, AS. haga; akin to D. haag headge, G. hag, hecke, Icel. hagi pasture, Sw. hage, Dan. have garden. Haggard, Ha-ha, Haugh, Hedge.] 1. A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard. And eke there was a polecat in his haw. Chaucer. 2. The fruit of the hawthorn. Bacon. Haw Haw, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Anat.) The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate. Haw Haw, n. [Cf. ha an interjection of wonder, surprise, or hesitation.] An intermission or hesitation of speech, with a sound somewhat like haw! also, the sound so made. "Hums or haws." Congreve. Haw Haw, v. i. To stop, in speaking, with a sound like haw; to speak with interruption and hesitation. Cut it short; don't prose -- don't hum and haw. Chesterfield. Haw Haw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hawing.] [Written also hoi.] [Perhaps connected with here, hither; cf., however, F. huhau, hue, interj. used in turning a horse to the right, G. hott, h\'81, interj. used in calling to a horse.] To turn to the near side, or toward the driver; -- said of cattle or a team: a word used by teamsters in guiding their teams, and most frequently in the imperative. See Gee. To haw and gee, OR To haw and gee about, to go from one thing to another without good reason; to have no settled purpose; to be irresolute or unstable. [Colloq.] Haw Haw, v. t. To cause to turn, as a team, to the near side, or toward the driver; as, to haw a team of oxen. To haw and gee, OR To haw and gee about, to lead this way and that at will; to lead by the nose; to master or control. [Colloq.] Hawaiian Ha*wai"ian (?), a. Belonging to Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands, or to the people of Hawaii. -- n. A native of Hawaii. Hawebake Hawe"bake` (?), n. Probably, the baked berry of the hawthorn tree, that is, coarse fare. See 1st Haw, 2. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hawfinch Haw"finch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common European grosbeak (Coccothraustes vulgaris); -- called also cherry finch, and coble. Haw-haw Haw-haw" (?), n. [Duplication of haw a hedge.] See Ha-ha. Hawhaw Haw*haw", v. i. [Of imitative origin.] To laugh boisterously. [Colloq. U. S.] We haw-haw'd, I tell you, for more than half an hour. Major Jack Downing. Hawk Hawk (?), n. [OE. hauk (prob. fr. Icel.), havek, AS. hafoc, heafoc; akin to D. havik, OHG. habuh, G. habicht, Icel. haukr, Sw. h\'94k, Dan. h\'94g, prob. from the root of E. heave.] (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species and genera of rapacious birds of the family Falconid\'91. They differ from the true falcons in lacking the prominent tooth and notch of the bill, and in having shorter and less pointed wings. Many are of large size and grade into the eagles. Some, as the goshawk, were formerly trained like falcons. In a more general sense the word is not infrequently applied, also, to true falcons, as the sparrow hawk, pigeon hawk, duck hawk, and prairie hawk. NOTE: &hand; Am ong th e common American species are the red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis); the red-shouldered (B. lineatus); the broad-winged (B. Pennsylvanicus); the rough-legged (Archibuteo lagopus); the sharp-shinned Accipiter fuscus). See Fishhawk, Goshawk, Marsh hawk, under Marsh, Night hawk, under Night. Bee hawk (Zo\'94l.), the honey buzzard. -- Eagle hawk. See under Eagle. -- Hawk eagle (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic bird of the genus Spiz\'91tus, or Limn\'91tus, intermediate between the hawks and eagles. There are several species. -- Hawk fly (Zo\'94l.), a voracious fly of the family Asilid\'91. See Hornet fly, under Hornet. -- Hawk moth. (Zo\'94l.) See Hawk moth, in the Vocabulary. -- Hawk owl. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A northern owl (Surnia ulula) of Europe and America. It flies by day, and in some respects resembles the hawks. (b) An owl of India (Ninox scutellatus). -- Hawk's bill (Horology), the pawl for the rack, in the striking mechanism of a clock. Hawk Hawk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hawking.] 1. To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry. A falconer Henry is, when Emma hawks. Prior. 2. To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk; -- generally with at; as, to hawk at flies. Dryden. A falcon, towering in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed. Shak. Hawk Hawk, v. i. [W. hochi.] To clear the throat with an audible sound by forcing an expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between the depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in the removal of foreign substances. Hawk Hawk, v. t. To raise by hawking, as phlegm. Hawk Hawk, n. [W. hoch.] An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise. Hawk Hawk, v. t. [Akin to D. hauker a hawker, G. h\'94ken, h\'94cken, to higgle, to retail, h\'94ke, h\'94ker, a higgler, huckster. See Huckster.] To offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle; as, to hawk goods or pamphlets. His works were hawked in every street. Swift. Hawk Hawk, n. (Masonry) A small board, with a handle on the under side, to hold mortar. Hawk boy, an attendant on a plasterer to supply him with mortar. Hawkbill Hawk"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), which yields the best quality of tortoise shell; -- called also caret. Hawkbit Hawk"bit` (?), n. (Bot.) The fall dandelion (Leontodon autumnale). Hawked Hawked (?), a. Curved like a hawk's bill; crooked. Hawker Hawk"er (?), n. One who sells wares by crying them in the street; hence, a peddler or a packman. Hawker Hawk"er, v. i. To sell goods by outcry in the street. [Obs.] Hudibras. Hawker Hawk"er, n. [Cf. AS. hafecere. See 1st Hawk.] A falconer. Hawkey Hawk"ey (?), n. See Hockey. Holloway. Hawk-eyed Hawk"-eyed` (?), a. Having a keen eye; sharpsighted; discerning. Hawk moth Hawk" moth` (?; 115). (Zo\'94l.) Any moth of the family Sphingid\'91, of which there are numerous genera and species. They are large, handsome moths, which fly mostly at twilight and hover about flowers like a humming bird, sucking the honey by means of a long, slender proboscis. The larv\'91 are large, hairless caterpillars ornamented with green and other bright colors, and often with a caudal spine. See Sphinx, also Tobacco worm, and Tomato worm. CAPTION: Tobacco Ha wk Mo th (M acrosila Carolina), and its Larva, the Tobacco Worm. NOTE: &hand; Th e larv\'91 of several species of hawk moths feed on grapevines. The elm-tree hawk moth is Ceratomia Amyntor. Hawkweed Hawk"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Hieracium; -- so called from the ancient belief that birds of prey used its juice to strengthen their vision. (b) A plant of the genus Senecio (S. hieracifolius). Loudon. Hawm Hawm (?), n. See Haulm, straw. Hawm Hawm, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To lounge; to loiter. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson. Hawse Hawse (?; 277), n. [Orig. a hawse hole, or hole in the ship; cf. Icel. hals, h\'bels, neck, part of the bows of a ship, AS. heals neck. See Collar, and cf. Halse to embrace.] 1. A hawse hole. Harris. 2. (Naut.) (a) The situation of the cables when a vessel is moored with two anchors, one on the starboard, the other on the port bow. (b) The distance ahead to which the cables usually extend; as, the ship has a clear or open hawse, or a foul hawse; to anchor in our hawse, or athwart hawse. (c) That part of a vessel's bow in which are the hawse holes for the cables. Athwart hawse. See under Athwart. -- Foul hawse, a hawse in which the cables cross each other, or are twisted together. -- Hawse block, a block used to stop up a hawse hole at sea; -- called also hawse plug. -- Hawse hole, a hole in the bow of a ship, through which a cable passes. -- Hawse piece, one of the foremost timbers of a ship, through which the hawse hole is cut. -- Hawse plug. Same as Hawse block (above). -- To come in at the hawse holes, to enter the naval service at the lowest grade. [Cant] -- To freshen the hawse, to veer out a little more cable and bring the chafe and strain on another part. _________________________________________________________________ Page 676 Hawser Haws"er (?), n. [From F. hausser to hausser\'82e towpath, towing, F. haussi\'8are hawser), LL. altiare, fr. L. altus high. See Haughty.] A large rope made of three strands each containing many yarns. NOTE: &hand; Th ree ha wsers tw isted together make a cable; but it nautical usage the distinction between cable and hawser is often one of size rather than of manufacture. Hawser iron, a calking iron. Hawser-laid Haws"er-laid` (?), a. Made in the manner of a hawser. Cf. Cable-laid, and see Illust. of Cordage. Hawthorn Haw"thorn` (?), n. [AS. hagaborn, h\'91g. See Haw a hedge, and Thorn.] (Bot.) A thorny shrub or tree (the Crat\'91gus oxyacantha), having deeply lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers, and a fruit called haw. It is much used in Europe for hedges, and for standards in gardens. The American hawthorn is Crat\'91gus cordata, which has the leaves but little lobed. Gives not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade To shepherds? Shak. Hay Hay (?), n. [AS. hege: cf. F. haie, of German origin. See Haw a hedge, Hedge.] 1. A hedge. [Obs.] 2. A net set around the haunt of an animal, especially of a rabbit. Rowe. To dance the hay, to dance in a ring. Shak. Hay Hay, v. i. To lay snares for rabbits. Huloet. Hay Hay, n. [OE. hei, AS. h; akin to D. kooi, OHG. hewi, houwi, G. heu, Dan. & Sw. h\'94, Icel. hey, ha, Goth. hawi grass, fr. the root of E. hew. See Hew to cut. ] Grass cut and cured for fodder. Make hay while the sun shines. Camden. Hay may be dried too much as well as too little. C. L. Flint. Hay cap, a canvas covering for a haycock. -- Hay fever (Med.), nasal catarrh accompanied with fever, and sometimes with paroxysms of dyspn\'d2a, to which some persons are subject in the spring and summer seasons. It has been attributed to the effluvium from hay, and to the pollen of certain plants. It is also called hay asthma, hay cold, and rose fever. -- Hay knife, a sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or mow. -- Hay press, a press for baling loose hay. -- Hay tea, the juice of hay extracted by boiling, used as food for cattle, etc. -- Hay tedder, a machine for spreading and turning newmown hay. See Tedder. Hay Hay, v. i. To cut and cure grass for hay. Haybird Hay"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European spotted flycatcher. (b) The European blackcap. Haybote Hay"bote` (?), n. [See Hay hedge, and Bote, and cf. Hedgebote.] (Eng. Law.) An allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing his hedges or fences; hedgebote. See Bote. Blackstone. Haycock Hay"cock` (?), n. A conical pile or hear of hay in the field. The tanned haycock in the mead. Milton. Hay-cutter Hay"-cut`ter (?), n. A machine in which hay is chopped short, as fodder for cattle. Hayfield Hay"field` (?), n. A field where grass for hay has been cut; a meadow. Cowper. Hayfork Hay"fork` (?), n. A fork for pitching and tedding hay. Horse hayfork, a contrivance for unloading hay from the cart and depositing it in the loft, or on a mow, by horse power. Hayloft Hay"loft` (?; 115), n. A loft or scaffold for hay. Haymaker Hay"mak`er (?), n. 1. One who cuts and cures hay. 2. A machine for curing hay in rainy weather. Haymaking Hay"mak`ing, n. The operation or work of cutting grass and curing it for hay. Haymow Hay"mow` (?), n. 1. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation. 2. The place in a barn where hay is deposited. Hayrack Hay"rack` (?), n. A frame mounted on the running gear of a wagon, and used in hauling hay, straw, sheaves, etc.; -- called also hay rigging. Hayrake Hay"rake` (?), n. A rake for collecting hay; especially, a large rake drawn by a horse or horses. Hayrick Hay"rick (?), n. A heap or pile of hay, usually covered with thatch for preservation in the open air. Haystack Hay"stack` (?), n. A stack or conical pile of hay in the open air. Haystalk Hay"stalk` (?), n. A stalk of hay. Haythorn Hay"thorn` (?), n. Hawthorn. R. Scot. Haytian Hay"ti*an (?), a. Of pertaining to Hayti. -- n. A native of Hayti. [Written also Haitian.] Hayward Hay"ward (?), n. [Hay a hedge + ward.] An officer who is appointed to guard hedges, and to keep cattle from breaking or cropping them, and whose further duty it is to impound animals found running at large. Hazard Haz"ard (?), n. [F. hazard, Sp. azar an unforeseen disaster or accident, an unfortunate card or throw at dice, prob. fr. Ar. zahr, z\'ber, a die, which, with the article al the, would give azzahr, azz\'ber.] 1. A game of chance played with dice. Chaucer. 2. The uncertain result of throwing a die; hence, a fortuitous event; chance; accident; casualty. I will stand the hazard of the die. Shak. 3. Risk; danger; peril; as, he encountered the enemy at the hazard of his reputation and life. Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a condition of the utmost hazard. Rogers 4. (Billiards Holing a ball, whether the object ball (winning hazard) or the player's ball (losing hazard). 5. Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the stakes in gaming. "Your latter hazard." Shak. Hazard table, a a table on which hazard is played, or any game of chance for stakes. -- To ru, to take the chance or risk. Syn. -- Danger; risk; chance. See Danger. Hazard Haz"ard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazarded; p. pr. & vb. Hazarding.] [Cf. F. hazarder. See Hazard, n.] 1. To expose to the operation of chance; to put in danger of loss or injury; to venture; to risk. Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical obedience. John Clarke. He hazards his neck to the halter. Fuller. 2. To venture to incur, or bring on. I hazarded the loss of whom I loved. Shak. They hazard to cut their feet. Landor. Syn. -- To venture; risk; jeopard; peril; endanger. Hazard Haz"ard (?), v. i. To try the chance; to encounter risk or danger. Shak. Hazardable Haz"ard*a*ble (?), a. 1. Liable to hazard or chance; uncertain; risky. Sir T. Browne. 2. Such as can be hazarded or risked. Hazarder Haz"ard*er (?), n. 1. A player at the game of hazard; a gamester. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. One who hazards or ventures. Hazardize Haz"ard*ize (?), n. A hazardous attempt or situation; hazard. [Obs.] Herself had run into that hazardize. Spenser. Hazardous Haz"ard*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. hasardeux.] Exposed to hazard; dangerous; risky. To enterprise so hazardous and high! Milton. Syn. -- Perilous; dangerous; bold; daring; adventurous; venturesome; precarious; uncertain. -- Haz"ard*ous*ly, adv. -- Haz"ard*ous*ness, n. Hazardry Haz"ard*ry (?), n. 1. Playing at hazard; gaming; gambling. [R.] Chaucer. 2. Rashness; temerity. [R.] Spenser. Haze Haze (?), n. [Cf. Icel. h\'94ss gray; akin to AS. hasu, heasu, gray; or Armor. a\'82zen, \'82zen, warm vapor, exhalation, zephyr.] Light vapor or smoke in the air which more or less impedes vision, with little or no dampness; a lack of transparency in the air; hence, figuratively, obscurity; dimness. O'er the sky The silvery haze of summer drawn. Tennyson. Above the world's uncertain haze. Keble. Haze Haze, v. i. To be hazy, or tick with haze. Ray. Haze Haze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hazing.] [Also haze.] [Cf. Sw. haza to hamstring, fr. has hough, OD. h\'91ssen ham.] 1. To harass by exacting unnecessary, disagreeable, or difficult work. 2. To harass or annoy by playing abusive or shameful tricks upon; to humiliate by practical jokes; -- used esp. of college students; as, the sophomores hazed a freshman. Hazel Ha"zel (?), n. [OE. hasel, AS. h\'91sel; akin to D. hazelaar, G. hazel, OHG. hasal, hasala, Icel. hasl, Dan & Sw. hassel, L. corylus, for cosylus.] 1. (Bot.) A shrub or small tree of the genus Corylus, as the C. avellana, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, farinaceous taste; the filbert. The American species are C. Americana, which produces the common hazelnut, and C. rostrata. See Filbert. Gray. 2. A miner's name for freestone. Raymond. Hazel earth, soil suitable for the hazel; a fertile loam. -- Hazel grouse (Zo\'94l.), a European grouse (Bonasa betulina), allied to the American ruffed grouse. -- Hazel hoe, a kind of grub hoe. -- Witch hazel. See Witch-hazel, and Hamamelis. Hazel Ha"zel, a. 1. Consisting of hazels, or of the wood of the hazel; pertaining to, or derived from, the hazel; as, a hazel wand. I sit me down beside the hazel grove. Keble. 2. Of a light brown color, like the hazelnut. "Thou hast hazel eyes." Shak. Hazeless Haze"less (?), a. Destitute of haze. Tyndall. Hazelly Ha"zel*ly (?), a. Of the color of the hazelnut; of a light brown. Mortimer. Hazelnut Ha"zel*nut` (?), n. [AS. h\'91selhnutu.] The nut of the hazel. Shak. Hazelwort Ha"zel*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The asarabacca. Hazily Ha"zi*ly (?), adv. In a hazy manner; mistily; obscurely; confusedly. Haziness Ha"zi*ness, n. The quality or state of being hazy. Hazle Ha"zle (?), v. t. To make dry; to dry. [Obs.] Hazy Ha"zy (?), a. [From Haze, n.] 1. Thick with haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or transparent. "A tender, hazy brightness." Wordsworth. 2. Obscure; confused; not clear; as, a hazy argument; a hazy intellect. Mrs. Gore. He He (?), pron. [nom. He; poss. His (?); obj. Him (?); pl. nom. They (?); poss. Their or Theirs (; obj. Them (?).] [AS. h, masc., he\'a2, fem., hit, neut.; pl. h\'c6, or hie, hig; akin to Ofries. hi, D. hij, OS. he, hi, G. heute to-day, Goth. himma, dat. masc., this, hina, accus. masc., and hita, accus. neut., and prob. to L. his this. &root;183. Cf. It.] 1. The man or male being (or object personified to which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified subject already indicated. Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. Gen. iii. 16. Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve. Deut. x. 20. 2. Any one; the man or person; -- used indefinitely, and usually followed by a relative pronoun. He that walketh with wise men shall be wise. Prov. xiii. 20. 3. Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense used substantively. Chaucer. I stand to answer thee, Or any he, the proudest of thy sort. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Wh en a collective noun or a class is referred to, he is of common gender. In early English, he referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or to one in the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In composition, he denotes a male animal; as, a he-goat. -head -head (?), suffix. A variant of -hood. Head Head (?), n. [OE. hed, heved, heaved, AS. he\'a0fod; akin to D. hoofd, OHG. houbit, G. haupt, Icel. h\'94fu, Sw. hufvud, Dan. hoved, Goth. haubip. The word does not corresponds regularly to L. caput head (cf. E. Chief, Cadet, Capital), and its origin is unknown.] 1. The anterior or superior part of an animal, containing the brain, or chief ganglia of the nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher animals, the chief sensory organs; poll; cephalon. 2. The uppermost, foremost, or most important part of an inanimate object; such a part as may be considered to resemble the head of an animal; often, also, the larger, thicker, or heavier part or extremity, in distinction from the smaller or thinner part, or from the point or edge; as, the head of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a mast, a sail, a ship; that which covers and closes the top or the end of a hollow vessel; as, the head of a cask or a steam boiler. 3. The place where the head should go; as, the head of a bed, of a grave, etc.; the head of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers the head. 4. The most prominent or important member of any organized body; the chief; the leader; as, the head of a college, a school, a church, a state, and the like. "Their princes and heads." Robynson (More's Utopia). The heads of the chief sects of philosophy. Tillotson. Your head I him appoint. Milton. 5. The place or honor, or of command; the most important or foremost position; the front; as, the head of the table; the head of a column of soldiers. An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke Marlborough at the head of them. Addison. 6. Each one among many; an individual; -- often used in a plural sense; as, a thousand head of cattle. It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres for every head. Graunt. 7. The seat of the intellect; the brain; the understanding; the mental faculties; as, a good head, that is, a good mind; it never entered his head, it did not occur to him; of his own head, of his own thought or will. Men who had lost both head and heart. Macaulay. 8. The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream or river; as, the head of the Nile; hence, the altitude of the source, or the height of the surface, as of water, above a given place, as above an orifice at which it issues, and the pressure resulting from the height or from motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve; as, a mill or reservoir has a good head of water, or ten feet head; also, that part of a gulf or bay most remote from the outlet or the sea. 9. A headland; a promontory; as, Gay Head. Shak. 10. A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a theme to be expanded; a subdivision; as, the heads of a sermon. 11. Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength; force; height. Ere foul sin, gathering head, shall break into corruption. Shak. The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last grown to such a head, that it must quickly make an end of me or of itself. Addison. 12. Power; armed force. My lord, my lord, the French have gathered head. Shak. 13. A headdress; a covering of the head; as, a laced head; a head of hair. Swift. 14. An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other small cereals. 15. (Bot.) (a) A dense cluster of flowers, as in clover, daisies, thistles; a capitulum. (b) A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a cabbage or a lettuce plant. 16. The antlers of a deer. 17. A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of beer or other effervescing liquor. Mortimer. 18. pl. Tiles laid at the eaves of a house. Knight. NOTE: &hand; He ad is often used adjectively or in self-explaining combinations; as, head gear or headgear, head rest. Cf. Head, a. A buck of the first head, a male fallow deer in its fifth year, when it attains its complete set of antlers. Shak. -- By the head. (Naut.) See under By. -- Elevator head, Feed head, etc. See under Elevator, Feed, etc. -- From head to foot, through the whole length of a man; completely; throughout. "Arm me, audacity, from head to foot." Shak. -- Head and ears, with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he was head and ears in debt or in trouble. [Colloq.] -- Head fast. (Naut.) See 5th Fast. -- Head kidney (Anat.), the most anterior of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates -- Head money, a capitation tax; a poll tax. Milton. -- Head pence, a poll tax. [Obs.] -- Head sea, a sea that meets the head of a vessel or rolls against her course. -- Head and shoulders. (a) By force; violently; as, to drag one, head and shoulders. "They bring in every figure of speech, head and shoulders." Felton. (b) By the height of the head and shoulders; hence, by a great degree or space; by far; much; as, he is head and shoulders above them. -- Head or tail, this side or that side; this thing or that; -- a phrase used in throwing a coin to decide a choice, guestion, or stake, head being the side of the coin bearing the effigy or principal figure (or, in case there is no head or face on either side, that side which has the date on it), and tail the other side. -- Neither head nor tail, neither beginning nor end; neither this thing nor that; nothing distinct or definite; -- a phrase used in speaking of what is indefinite or confused; as, they made neither head nor tail of the matter. [Colloq.] -- Head wind, a wind that blows in a direction opposite the vessel's course. -- Out one's own head, according to one's own idea; without advice or co\'94peration of another. Over the head of, beyond the comprehension of. M. Arnold.<-- go over one's head = appeal to one's superior in line of command --> -- To be out of one's head, to be temporarily insane. -- To come or draw to a head. See under Come, Draw. -- To give (one) the head, OR To give head, to let go, or to give up, control; to free from restraint; to give license. "He gave his able horse the head." Shak. "He has so long given his unruly passions their head." South. -- To his head, before his face. "An uncivil answer from a son to a father, from an obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater indecency than if an enemy should storm his house or revile him to his head." Jer. Taylor. -- To lay heads together, to consult; to conspire. -- To lose one's head, to lose presence of mind. -- To make head, OR To make head against, to resist with success; to advance. -- To show one's head, to appear. Shak. -- To turn head, to turn the face or front. "The ravishers turn head, the fight renews." Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 677 Head Head (?), a. Principal; chief; leading; first; as, the head master of a school; the head man of a tribe; a head chorister; a head cook. Head Head (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Headed; p. pr. & vb. n. Heading.] 1. To be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead; to direct; to act as leader to; as, to head an army, an expedition, or a riot. Dryden. 2. To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; as, to head a nail. Spenser. 3. To behead; to decapitate. [Obs.] Shak. 4. To cut off the top of; to lop off; as, to head trees. 5. To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as to hinder or stop; to oppose; hence, to check or restrain; as, to head a drove of cattle; to head a person; the wind heads a ship. 6. To set on the head; as, to head a cask. To head off, to intercept; to get before; as, an officer heads off a thief who is escaping. -- To head up, to close, as a cask or barrel, by fitting a head to. Head Head, v. i. 1. To originate; to spring; to have its A broad river, that heads in the great Blue Ridge. Adair. 2. To go or point in a certain direction; to tend; as, how does the ship head? 3. To form a head; as, this kind of cabbage heads early. Headache Head"ache` (?), n. Pain in the head; ceph "Headaches and shivering fits." Macaulay. Headachy Head"ach`y, a. Afflicted with headache. [Colloq.] Headband Head"band` (?), n. 1. A fillet; a band for the head. "The headbands and the tablets." Is. iii. 20. 2. The band at each end of the back of a book. Headbeard Head"beard` (?), n. A board or boarding which marks or forms the head of anything; as, the headboard of a bed; the headboard of a grave. Headborough, Headborrow Head"bor*ough (?), Head"bor*row n. 1. The chief of a frankpledge, tithing, or decennary, consisting of ten families; -- called also borsholder, boroughhead, boroughholder, and sometimes tithingman. See Borsholder. [Eng.] Blackstone. 2. (Modern Law) A petty constable. [Eng.] Head-cheese Head"-cheese (?), n. A dish made of portions of the head, or head and feet, of swine, cut up fine, seasoned, and pressed into a cheeselike mass. Headdress Head"dress` (?), n. 1. A covering or ornament for the head; a headtire. Among birds the males very often appear in a most beautiful headdress, whether it be a crest, a comb, a tuft of feathers, or a natural little plume. Addison. 2. A manner of dressing the hair or of adorning it, whether with or without a veil, ribbons, combs, etc. Headed Head"ed, a. 1. Furnished with a head (commonly as denoting intellectual faculties); -- used in composition; as, clear-headed, long-headed, thick-headed; a many-headed monster. 2. Formed into a head; as, a headed cabbage. Header Head"er, n. 1. One who, or that which, heads nails, rivets, etc., esp. a machine for heading. 2. One who heads a movement, a party, or a mob; head; chief; leader. [R.] 3. (Arch.) (a) A brick or stone laid with its shorter face or head in the surface of the wall. (b) In framing, the piece of timber fitted between two trimmers, and supported by them, and carrying the ends of the tailpieces. 4. A reaper for wheat, that cuts off the heads only. 5. A fall or plunge headforemost, as while riding a bicycle, or in bathing; as, to take a header. [Colloq.] Headfirst, Headforemost Head`first" (?), Head`fore"most` (?), adv. With the head foremost. Headfish Head`fish" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sunfish (Mola). Head gear, OR Headgear Head" gear`, OR Head"gear` (, n. 1. Headdress. 2. Apparatus above ground at the mouth of a mine or deep well. Head-hunter Head"-hunt`er (?), n. A member of any tribe or race of savages who have the custom of decapitating human beings and preserving their heads as trophies. The Dyaks of Borneo are the most noted head-hunters. <-- 2. (fig.) an executive personnel recruiter --> -- Head"-hunt`ing, n. Headily Head"i*ly (?), adv. In a heady or rash manner; hastily; rashly; obstinately. Headiness Head"i*ness, n. The quality of being heady. Heading Head"ing, n. 1. The act or state of one who, or that which, heads; formation of a head. 2. That which stands at the head; title; as, the heading of a paper. 3. Material for the heads of casks, barrels, etc. 4. (Mining.) A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine; also, the end of a drift or gallery; the vein above a drift. 5. (sewing) The extension of a line ruffling above the line of stitch. 6. (Masonry) That end of a stone or brick which is presented outward. Knight. Heading course (Arch.), a course consisting only of headers. See Header, n. 3 (a). -- Heading joint. (a) (Carp.) A joint, as of two or more boards, etc., at right angles to the grain of the wood. (b) (Masonry) A joint between two roussoirs in the same course. Headland Head"land (?), n. 1. A cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting into the sea or other expanse of water. "Sow the headland with wheat." Shak. 2. A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of furrows, or near a fence. Tusser. Headless Head"less, a. [AS. he\'a0fodle\'a0s.] 1. Having no head; beheaded; as, a headless body, neck, or carcass. 2. Destitute of a chief or leader. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. Destitute of understanding or prudence; foolish; rash; obstinate. [Obs.]<-- = mindless --> Witless headiness in judging or headless hardiness in condemning. Spenser. Headlight Head"light` (?), n. (Engin.) A light, with a powerful reflector, placed at the head of a locomotive, or in front of it, to throw light on the track at night, or in going through a dark tunnel. Headline Head"line` (?), n. 1. (Print.) The line at the head or top of a page. 2. (Naut.) See Headrope. Headlong Head"long` (?; 115), adv. [OE. hedling, hevedlynge; prob. confused with E. long, a. & adv.] 1. With the head foremost; as, to fall headlong. Acts i. 18. 2. Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation. 3. Hastily; without delay or respite. Headlong Head"long, a. 1. Rash; precipitate; as, headlong folly. 2. Steep; precipitous. [Poetic] Like a tower upon a headlong rock. Byron. Head-lugged Head"-lugged` (?), a. Lugged or dragged by the head. [R.] "The head-lugged bear." Shak. Headman Head"man` (?), n.; pl. Headmen (#). [AS. he\'a0fodman.] A head or leading man, especially of a village community. Headmold shot, Headmould shot Head"mold" shot", Head"mould` shot" (?). (Med.) An old name for the condition of the skull, in which the bones ride, or are shot, over each other at the sutures. Dunglison. Headmost Head"most` (?), a. Most advanced; most forward; as, the headmost ship in a fleet. Headnote Head"note` (?), n. A note at the head of a page or chapter; in law reports, an abstract of a case, showing the principles involved and the opinion of the court. Headpan Head"pan` (?), n. [AS. he\'a0fodpanne.] The brainpan. [Obs.] Headpiece Head"piece` (?), n. 1. Head. In his headpiece he felt a sore pain. Spenser. 2. A cap of defense; especially, an open one, as distinguished from the closed helmet of the Middle Ages. 3. Understanding; mental faculty. Eumenes had the best headpiece of all Alexander's captains. Prideaux. 4. An engraved ornament at the head of a chapter, or of a page. Headquarters Head"quar`ters (?), n. pl. [but sometimes used as a n. sing.] The quarters or place of residence of any chief officer, as the general in command of an army, or the head of a police force; the place from which orders or instructions are issued; hence, the center of authority or order. The brain, which is the headquarters, or office, of intelligence. Collier. Headrace Head"race` (?), n. See Race, a water course. HeadRome Head"Rome` (?), n. (Arch.) See Headway, 2. Headrope Head"rope` (?), n. (Naut.) That part of a boltrope which is sewed to the upper edge or head of a sail. Headsail Head"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) Any sail set forward of the foremast. Totten. Headshake Head`shake` (?), n. A significant shake of the head, commonly as a signal of denial. Shak. Headship Head"ship, n. Authority or dignity; chief place. Headsman Heads"man (?), n; pl. Headsmen (. An executioner who cuts off heads. Dryden. Headspring Head"spring` (?), n. Fountain; source. The headspring of our belief. Stapleton. Headstall Head"stall` (?), n. That part of a bridle or halter which encompasses the head. Shak. Headstock Head"stock` (?), n. (Mach.) A part (usually separate from the bed or frame) for supporting some of the principal working parts of a machine; as: (a) The part of a lathe that holds the revolving spindle and its attachments; -- also called poppet head, the opposite corresponding part being called a tailstock. (b) The part of a planing machine that supports the cutter, etc. Headstone Head"stone` (?), n. 1. The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner stone. Ps. cxviii. 22. 2. The stone at the head of a grave. Headstrong Head"strong` (?; 115), a. 1. Not easily restrained; ungovernable; obstinate; stubborn. Not let headstrong boy my will control. Dryden. 2. Directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from obstinacy. Dryden. Syn. -- Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; unratable; stubborn; unruly; venturesome; heady. Headstrongness Head"strong`ness, n. Obstinacy. [R.] Gayton. Headtire Head"tire` (?), n. 1. A headdress. "A headtire of fine linen." 1 Edras iii. 6. 2. The manner of dressing the head, as at a particular time and place. Headway Head"way` (?), n. 1. The progress made by a ship in motion; hence, progress or success of any kind. 2. (Arch.) Clear space under an arch, girder, and the like, sufficient to allow of easy passing underneath.<-- = clearance, or headroom[Brit.] --> Headwork Head"work` (?), n. Mental labor. Heady Head"y, a. [From Head.] 1. Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will or passion; ungovernable. All the talent required is to be hot, to be heady, -- to be violent on one side or the other. Sir W. Temple. 2. Apt to affect the head; intoxicating; strong. The liquor is too heady. Dryden. 3. Violent; impetuous. "A heady currance." Shak. Heal Heal, v. t. [See Hele.] To cover, as a roof, with tiles, slate, lead, or the like. [Obs.] Heal Heal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Healed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Healing.] [OE. helen, h\'91len, AS. h\'d6lan, fr. h\'bel hale, sound, whole; akin to OS. h&emac;lian, D. heelen, G. heilen, Goth. hailjan. See Whole.] 1. To make hale, sound, or whole; to cure of a disease, wound, or other derangement; to restore to soundness or health. Speak the word only, and my servant shall be healed. Matt. viii. 8. 2. To remove or subdue; to cause to pass away; to cure; -- said of a disease or a wound. I will heal their backsliding. Hos. xiv. 4. 3. To restore to original purity or integrity. Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these waters. 2 Kings ii. 21. 4. To reconcile, as a breach or difference; to make whole; to free from guilt; as, to heal dissensions. Heal Heal (?), v. i. To grow sound; to return to a sound state; as, the limb heals, or the wound heals; -- sometimes with up or over; as, it will heal up, or over. Those wounds heal ill that men do give themselves. Shak. Heal Heal, n. [AS. h, h. See Heal, v. t.] Health. [Obs.] Chaucer. Healable Heal"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being healed. Healall Heal"all` (?), n. (Bot.) A common herb of the Mint family (Brunela vulgaris), destitute of active properties, but anciently thought a panacea. Heald Heald (?), n. [CF. Heddle.] A heddle. Ure. Healful Heal"ful (?), a. Tending or serving to heal; healing. [Obs.] Ecclus. xv. 3. Healing Heal"ing, a. Tending to cure; soothing; mollifying; as, the healing art; a healing salve; healing words. Here healing dews and balms abound. Keble. Healingly Heal"ing*ly, adv. So as to heal or cure. Health Health (?), n. [OE. helthe, AS. hh\'bel hale, sound, whole. See Whole.] 1. The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease or pain. There is no health in us. Book of Common Prayer. Though health may be enjoyed without gratitude, it can not be sported with without loss, or regained by courage. Buckminster. 2. A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a person in a toast. "Come, love and health to all." Shak. Bill of health. See under Bill. -- Health lift, a machine for exercise, so arranged that a person lifts an increasing weight, or moves a spring of increasing tension, in such a manner that most of the muscles of the body are brought into gradual action; -- also called lifting machine. -- Health officer, one charged with the enforcement of the sanitary laws of a port or other place. -- To drink a health. See under Drink. Healthful Health"ful (?), a. 1. Full of health; free from illness or disease; well; whole; sound; healthy; as, a healthful body or mind; a healthful plant. 2. Serving to promote health of body or mind; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthful air, diet. The healthful Spirit of thy grace. Book of Common Prayer. 3. Indicating, characterized by, or resulting from, health or soundness; as, a healthful condition. A mind . . . healthful and so well-proportioned. Macaulay. 4. Well-disposed; favorable. [R.] Gave healthful welcome to their shipwrecked guests. Shak. Healthfully Health"ful*ly, adv. In health; wholesomely. Healthfulness Health"ful*ness, n. The state of being healthful. Healthily Health"i*ly (?), adv. In a healthy manner. Healthiness Health"i*ness, n. The state of being healthy or healthful; freedom from disease. Healthless Health"less, n. 1. Without health, whether of body or mind; in firm. "A healthless or old age." Jer. Taylor. 2. Not conducive to health; unwholesome. [R.] Healthlessness Health"less*ness, n. The state of being health Healthsome Health"some, a. Wholesome; salubrious. [R.] "Healthsome air." Shak. Healthward Health"ward (?), a. & adv. In the direction of health; as, a healthward tendency. Healthy Health"y (?), a. [Compar. Healthier (?); superl. Healthiest.] 1. Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound; free from disease; as, a healthy chid; a healthy plant. His mind was now in a firm and healthy state. Macaulay. 2. Evincing health; as, a healthy pulse; a healthy complexion. 3. Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthy exercise; a healthy climate. Syn. -- Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful; wholesome; salutary. Heam Heam (?), n. [Cf. AS. cidhamma womb, OD. hamme afterbirth, LG. hamen.] The afterbirth or secundines of a beast. Heap Heap (?), n. [OE. heep, heap, heap, multitude, AS. he\'a0p; akin to OS. h, D. hoop, OHG. houf, h, G. haufe, haufen, Sw. hop, Dan. hob., Icel. h troop, flock, Russ. kupa heap, crowd, Lith. kaupas. Cf. Hope, in Forlorn hope.] 1. A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of persons. [Now Low or Humorous] The wisdom of a heap of learned men. Chaucer. A heap of vassals and slaves. Bacon. He had heaps of friends. W.Black. 2. A great number or large quantity of things not placed in a pile. [Now Low or Humorous] A vast heap, both of places of scripture and quotations. Bp. Burnet. I have noticed a heap of things in my life. R. L. Stevenson. 3. A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation; as, a heap of earth or stones. Huge heaps of slain around the body rise. Dryden. <-- (Computer programming) The main segment of memory available for dynamic assignment --> Heap Heap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heaping.] [AS. he\'a0pian.] 1. To collect in great quantity; to amass; to lay up; to accumulate; -- usually with up; as, to heap up treasures. Though he heap up silver as the dust. Job. xxvii. 16. 2. To throw or lay in a heap; to make a heap of; to pile; as, to heap stones; -- often with up; as, to heap up earth; or with on; as, to heap on wood or coal. _________________________________________________________________ Page 678 3. To form or round into a heap, as in measuring; to fill (a measure) more than even full. Heaper Heap"er (?), n. One who heaps, piles, or amasses. Heapy Heap"y (?), a. Lying in heaps. Gay. Hear Hear (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heard (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Hearing.] [OE. heren, AS,. hi\'82ran, hran, hran; akin to OS. h, OFries. hera, hora, D. hooren, OHG. h, G. h\'94ren, Icel. heyra, Sw: h\'94ra, Dan. hore, Goth. hausjan, and perh. to Gr. acoustic. Cf. Hark, Hearken.] 1. To perceive by the ear; to apprehend or take cognizance of by the ear; as, to hear sounds; to hear a voice; to hear one call. Lay thine ear close to the ground, and list if thou canst hear the tread of travelers. Shak. He had been heard to utter an ominous growl. Macaulay. 2. To give audience or attention to; to listen to; to heed; to accept the doctrines or advice of; to obey; to examine; to try in a judicial court; as, to hear a recitation; to hear a class; the case will be heard to-morrow. 3. To attend, or be present at, as hearer or worshiper; as, to hear a concert; to hear Mass. 4. To give attention to as a teacher or judge. Thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee. 2 Sam. xv. 3. I beseech your honor to hear me one single word. Shak. 5. To accede to the demand or wishes of; to listen to and answer favorably; to favor. I love the Lord, because he hath heard my voice. Ps. cxvi. 1. They think that they shall be heard for their much speaking. Matt. vi. 7. Hear him. See Remark, under Hear, v. i. -- To hear a bird sing, to receive private communication. [Colloq.] Shak. -- To hear say, to hear one say; to learn by common report; to receive by rumor. [Colloq.] Hear Hear, v. i. 1. To have the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. "The Hearing ear." Prov. xx. 12. 2. To use the power of perceiving sound; to perceive or apprehend by the ear; to attend; to listen. So spake our mother Eve, and Adam heard, Well pleased, but answered not. Milton. 3. To be informed by oral communication; to be told; to receive information by report or by letter. I have heard, sir, of such a man. Shak. I must hear from thee every day in the hour. Shak. To hear ill, to be blamed. [Obs.] Not only within his own camp, but also now at Rome, he heard ill for his temporizing and slow proceedings. Holland. -- To hear well, to be praised. [Obs.] NOTE: &hand; He ar, or He ar him, is often used in the imperative, especially in the course of a speech in English assemblies, to call attention to the words of the speaker. Hear him, . . . a cry indicative, according to the tone, of admiration, acquiescence, indignation, or derision. Macaulay. Heard Heard (?), imp. & p. p. of Hear. Hearer Hear"er (?), n. One who hears; an auditor. Hearing Hear"ing, n. 1. The act or power of perceiving sound; perception of sound; the faculty or sense by which sound is perceived; as, my hearing is good. I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear. Job xlii. 5. NOTE: &hand; Hearing in a special sensation, produced by stimEar. 2. Attention to what is delivered; opportunity to be heard; audience; as, I could not obtain a hearing. 3. A listening to facts and evidence, for the sake of adjudication; a session of a court for considering proofs and determining issues. His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing. Shak. Another hearing before some other court. Dryden. NOTE: &hand; He aring, as ap plied to equity cases, means the same thing that the word trial does at law. Abbot. 4. Extent within which sound may be heard; sound; earshot. "She's not within hearing." Shak. They laid him by the pleasant shore, And in the hearing of the wave. Tennyson. Hearken Heark"en (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hearkened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hearkening.] [OE. hercnen, hercnien, AS. hercnian, heorcnian, fr. hi\'82ran, h, to hear; akin to OD. harcken, horcken, LG. harken, horken, G. horchen. See Hear, and cf. Hark..] 1. To listen; to lend the ear; to attend to what is uttered; to give heed; to hear, in order to obey or comply. The Furies hearken, and their snakes uncurl. Dryden. Hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you. Deut. iv. 1. 2. To inquire; to seek information. [Obs.] "Hearken after their offense." Shak. Syn. -- To attend; listen; hear; heed. See Attend, v. i. Hearken Heark"en, v. t. 1. To hear by listening. [Archaic] [She] hearkened now and then Some little whispering and soft groaning sound. Spenser. 2. To give heed to; to hear attentively. [Archaic] The King of Naples . . . hearkens my brother's suit. Shak. To hearken out, to search out. [Obs.] If you find none, you must hearken out a vein and buy. B. Johnson. Hearkener Heark"en*er (?), n. One who hearkens; a listener. Hearsal Hear"sal (?), n. Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser. Hearsay Hear"say` (?), n. Report; rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another. Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of our great national poet originated in frivolous hearsays of his life and conversation. Prof. Wilson. Hearsay evidence (Law), that species of testimony which consists in a a narration by one person of matters told him by another. It is, with a few exceptions, inadmissible as testimony. Abbott. Hearse Hearse (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hind in the year of its age. [Eng.] Wright. Hearse Hearse (?), n. [See Herse.] 1. A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss. 2. A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument. [Archaic] "Underneath this marble hearse." B. Johnson. Beside the hearse a fruitful palm tree grows. Fairfax Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse. Longfellow. 3. A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave. [Obs.] Set down, set down your honorable load, It honor may be shrouded in a hearse. Shak. 4. A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the grave. Hearse Hearse, v. t. To inclose in a hearse; to entomb. [Obs.] "Would she were hearsed at my foot." Shak. Hearsecloth Hearse"cloth` (?; 115), n. A cloth for covering a coffin when on a bier; a pall. Bp. Sanderson. Hearselike Hearse"like" (?), a. Suitable to a funeral. If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many hearselike airs as carols. Bacon. Heart Heart (?), n. [OE. harte, herte, heorte, AS. heorte; akin to OS. herta, OFies. hirte, D. hart, OHG. herza, G. herz, Icel. hjarta, Sw. hjerta, Goth. ha\'a1rt, Lith. szirdis, Russ. serdtse, Ir. cridhe, L. cor, Gr. Accord, Discord, Cordial, 4th Core, Courage.] 1. (Anat.) A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. Why does my blood thus muster to my heart! Shak. NOTE: &hand; In ad ult ma mmals an d bi rds, th e he art is four-chambered, the right auricle and ventricle being completely separated from the left auricle and ventricle; and the blood flows from the systematic veins to the right auricle, thence to the right ventricle, from which it is forced to the lungs, then returned to the left auricle, thence passes to the left ventricle, from which it is driven into the systematic arteries. See Illust. under Aorta. In fishes there are but one auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from the ventricle through the gills to the system, and thence returned to the auricle. In most amphibians and reptiles, the separation of the auricles is partial or complete, and in reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less completely. The so-called lymph hearts, found in many amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump the lymph into the veins. 2. The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, and the like; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; -- usually in a good sense, when no epithet is expressed; the better or lovelier part of our nature; the spring of all our actions and purposes; the seat of moral life and character; the moral affections and character itself; the individual disposition and character; as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or selfish heart. Hearts are dust, hearts' loves remain. Emerson. 3. The nearest the middle or center; the part most hidden and within; the inmost or most essential part of any body or system; the source of life and motion in any organization; the chief or vital portion; the center of activity, or of energetic or efficient action; as, the heart of a country, of a tree, etc. Exploits done in the heart of France. Shak. Peace subsisting at the heart Of endless agitation. Wordsworth. 4. Courage; courageous purpose; spirit. Eve, recovering heart, replied. Milton. The expelled nations take heart, and when they fly from one country invade another. Sir W. Temple. 5. Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or bad. That the spent earth may gather heart again. Dryden. 6. That which resembles a heart in shape; especially, a roundish or oval figure or object having an obtuse point at one end, and at the other a corresponding indentation, -- used as a symbol or representative of the heart. 7. One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or figures of a heart; as, hearts are trumps. 8. Vital part; secret meaning; real intention. And then show you the heart of my message. Shak. 9. A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address. "I speak to thee, my heart." Shak. NOTE: &hand; He art is us ed in many compounds, the most of which need no special explanation; as, heart-appalling, heart-breaking, heart-cheering, heart-chilled, heart-expanding, heart-free, heart-hardened, heart-heavy, heart-purifying, heart-searching, heart-sickening, heart-sinking, heart-stirring, heart-touching, heart-wearing, heart-whole, heart-wounding, heart-wringing, etc. After one's own heart, conforming with one's inmost approval and desire; as, a friend after my own heart. The Lord hath sought him a man after his own heart. 1 Sam. xiii. 14. -- At heart, in the inmost character or disposition; at bottom; really; as, he is at heart a good man. -- By heart, in the closest or most thorough manner; as, to know or learn by heart. "Composing songs, for fools to get by heart" (that is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly). Pope. -- For my heart, for my life; if my life were at stake. [Obs.] "I could not get him for my heart to do it." Shak. -- Heart bond (Masonry), a bond in which no header stone stretches across the wall, but two headers meet in the middle, and their joint is covered by another stone laid header fashion. Knight. -- Heart and hand, with enthusiastic co\'94peration. -- Heart hardness, hardness of heart; callousness of feeling; moral insensibility. Shak. -- Heart heaviness, depression of spirits. Shak. -- Heart point (Her.), the fess point. See Escutcheon. -- Heart rising, a rising of the heart, as in opposition. -- Heart shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine, bivalve shell of the genus Cardium and allied genera, having a heart-shaped shell; esp., the European Isocardia cor; -- called also heart cockle. -- Heart sickness, extreme depression of spirits. -- Heart and soul, with the utmost earnestness. -- Heart urchin (Zo\'94l.), any heartshaped, spatangoid sea urchin. See Spatangoid. -- Heart wheel, a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See Cam. -- In good heart, in good courage; in good hope. -- Out of heart, discouraged. -- Poor heart, an exclamation of pity. -- To break the heart of. (a) To bring to despair or hopeless grief; to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow. (b) To bring almost to completion; to finish very nearly; -- said of anything undertaken; as, he has broken the heart of the task. -- To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. "I could find in my heart to ask your pardon." Sir P. Sidney. -- To have at heart, to desire (anything) earnestly. -- To have in the heart, to purpose; to design or intend to do. -- To have the heart in the mouth, to be much frightened. -- To lose heart, to become discouraged. -- To lose one's heart, to fall in love. -- To set the heart at rest, to put one's self at ease. -- To set the heart upon, to fix the desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of. -- To take heart of grace, to take courage. -- To take to heart, to grieve over. -- To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve, to expose one's feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive. -- With all one's whole heart, very earnestly; fully; completely; devotedly. Heart Heart (?), v. t. To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit. [Obs.] My cause is hearted; thine hath no less reason. Shak. Heart Heart, v. i. To form a compact center or heart; as, a hearting cabbage. Heartache Heart"ache` (?), n. [Cf. AS. heortece.] Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental pang. Shak. Heartbreak Heart"break` (?), n. Crushing sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief. Shak. Heartbreaking Heart"break`ing, a. Causing overpowering sorrow. Heartbroken Heart"bro`ken (?), a. Overcome by crushing sorrow; deeply grieved. Heartburn Heart"burn` (?), n. (Med.) An uneasy, burning sensation in the stomach, often attended with an inclination to vomit. It is sometimes idiopathic, but is often a symptom of often complaints. Heartburned Heart"burned` (?), a. Having heartburn. Shak. Heartburning Heart"burn`ing (?), a. Causing discontent. Heartburning Heart"burn`ing, n. 1. (Med.) Same as Heartburn. 2. Discontent; secret enmity. Swift. The transaction did not fail to leave heartburnings. Palfrey. Heartdear Heart"dear` (?), a. Sincerely beloved. [R.] Shak. Heartdeep Heart"deep` (?), a. Rooted in the heart. Herbert. Heart-eating Heart"-eat`ing (?), a. Preying on the heart. Hearted Heart"ed, a. 1. Having a heart; having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the affections, disposition, or character). 2. Shaped like a heart; cordate. [R.] Landor. 3. Seated or laid up in the heart. I hate the Moor: my cause is hearted. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is ch iefly us ed in co mposition; as , hard-hearted, faint-hearted, kind-hearted, lion-hearted, stout-hearted, etc. Hence the nouns hard-heartedness, faint-heartedness, etc. Heartedness Heart"ed*ness, n. Earnestness; sincerity; heartiness. [R.] Clarendon. NOTE: &hand; Se e al so the Note under Hearted. The analysis of the compounds gives hard-hearted + -ness, rather than hard + heartedness, etc. Hearten Heart"en (?), v. t. [From Heart.] 1. To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden. Hearten those that fight in your defense. Shak. 2. To restore fertility or strength to, as to land. Heartener Heart"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, heartens, animates, or stirs up. W. Browne. Heartfelt Heart"felt` (?), a. Hearty; sincere. Heartgrief Heart"grief` (?), n. Heartache; sorrow. Milton. Hearth Hearth (?), n. [OE. harthe, herth, herthe, AS. heor; akin to D. haard, heerd, Sw. h\'84rd, G. herd; cf. Goth. ha\'a3ri a coal, Icel. hyrr embers, and L. cremare to burn.] 1. The pavement or floor of brick, stone, or metal in a chimney, on which a fire is made; the floor of a fireplace; also, a corresponding part of a stove. There was a fire on the hearth burning before him. Jer. xxxvi. 22. Where fires thou find'st unraked and hearths unswept. There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry. Shak. 2. The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its inmates and of hospitality to strangers; fireside. 3. (Metal. & Manuf.) The floor of a furnace, on which the material to be heated lies, or the lowest part of a melting furnace, into which the melted material settles. Hearth ends (Metal.), fragments of lead ore ejected from the furnace by the blast. -- Hearth money, Hearth penny [AS. heor&edh;pening], a tax formerly laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses paying the church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; -- called also chimney money, etc. He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them from the . . . burden of the hearth money. Macaulay. Hearthstone Hearth"stone` (?), n. Stone forming the hearth; hence, the fireside; home. Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone. A. Lincoln. Heartily Heart"i*ly (?), adv. [From Hearty.] 1. From the heart; with all the heart; with sincerity. I heartily forgive them. Shak. 2. With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly; cordially; as, he heartily assisted the prince. To eat heartily, to eat freely and with relish. Addison. Syn. -- Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously; actively; warmly; eagerly; ardently; earnestly. _________________________________________________________________ Page 679 Heariness Hear"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being hearty; as, the heartiness of a greeting. Heartless Heart"less, a. 1. Without a heart. You have left me heartess; mine is in your bosom. J. Webster. 2. Destitute of courage; spiritless; despodent. Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their ground. Dryden. Heartless and melancholy. W. Irwing. 3. Destitute of feeling or affection; unsympathetic; cruel. "The heartless parasites." Byron. -- Heart"less*ly, adv. -- Heart"less*ness, n. Heartlet Heart"let (?), n.. A little heart. Heartlings Heart"lings (?), interj. An exclamation used in addressing a familiar acquaintance. [Obs.] Shak. Heartpea Heart"pea` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Heartseed. Heartquake Heart"quake` (?), n. Trembling of the heart; trepidation; fear. In many an hour of danger and heartquake. Hawthorne. Heartrending Heart"rend`ing (?), a. Causing intense grief; overpowering with anguish; very distressing. Heart-robbing Heart"-rob`bing (?), a. 1. Depriving of thought; ecstatic. "Heart-robbing gladness." Spenser. 2. Stealing the heart or affections; winning. Heart's-ease Heart's"-ease` (?), n. 1. Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity of mind or feeling. Shak. 2. (Bot.) A species of violet (Viola tricolor); -- called also pansy. Heartseed Heart"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) A climbing plant of the genus Cardiospermum, having round seeds which are marked with a spot like a heart. Loudon. Heartshaped Heart"shaped` (, a. Having the shape of a heart; cordate. Heartsick Heart"sick` (?), a. [AS. heorise\'a2c.] Sick at heart; extremely depressed in spirits; very despondent. Heartsome Heart"some (?), a. Merry; cheerful; lively. [Scot.] Heart-spoon Heart"-spoon` (?), n. A part of the breastbone. [Obs.] He feeleth through the herte-spon the pricke. Chaucer. Heartstricken Heart"strick`en (?), a. Shocked; dismayed. Heartstrike Heart"strike` (?), v. t. To affect at heart; to shock. [R.] "The seek to heartstrike us." B. Jonson. Heartstring Heart"string` (?), n. A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart. Shak. Sobbing, as if a hearstring broke. Moore. Heartstruck Heart"struck` (?), a. 1. Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind. "His heartstruck injuries." Shak. 2. Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed; heartstricken. Milton. Heartswelling Heart"swell`ing (?), a. Rankling in, or swelling, the heart. "Heartswelling hate." Spenser. Heart-whole Heart"-whole` (?), a. [See Whole.] 1. Having the heart or affections free; not in love. Shak. 2. With unbroken courage; undismayed. 3. Of a single and sincere heart. If he keeps heart-whole towards his Master. Bunyan. Heartwood Heart"wood` (?), n. The hard, central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of the old and matured wood, and usually differing in color from the outer layers. It is technically known as duramen, and distinguished from the softer sapwood or alburnum. Heart-wounded Heart"-wound`ed (?), a. Wounded to the heart with love or grief. Pope. Hearty Heart"y (?), a. [Compar. Heartier (?); superl. Heartiest.] 1. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; as, a hearty welcome; hearty in supporting the government. Full of hearty tears For our good father's loss. Marston. 2. Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; as, a hearty timber. 3. Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; as, hearty food; a hearty meal. Syn. -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial; earnest; warm; zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous. -- Hearty, Cordial, Sincere. Hearty implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and manners; cordial refers to the warmth and liveliness with which the feelings are expressed; sincere implies that this expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the heart. A man should be hearty in his attachment to his friends, cordial in his reception of them to his house, and sincere in his offers to assist them. Hearty Heart"y, n.; pl. Hearties (. Comrade; boon companion; good fellow; -- a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors. Dickens. Heartyhale Heart"y*hale` (?), a. Good for the heart. [Obs.] Heat Heat (?), n. [OE. hete, h\'91te, AS. h, h, fr. h\'bet hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See Hot.] 1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name caloric. NOTE: &hand; As af fecting the human body, heat produces different sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body. 2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold. 3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever, etc. Else how had the world . . . Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat! Milton. 4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise. It has raised . . . heats in their faces. Addison. The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red heat, a white-flame heat, and a sparking or welding heat. Moxon. 5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats. 6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out of three. Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats. Dryden. [He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of "Tam o'Shanter." J. C. Shairp. 7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party. "The heat of their division." Shak. 8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation. "The head and hurry of his rage." South. 9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency. With all the strength and heat of eloquence. Addison. 10. Sexual excitement in animals. 11. Fermentation. Animal heat, Blood heat, Capacity for heat, etc. See under Animal, Blood, etc. -- Atomic heat (Chem.), the product obtained by multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant, the mean value being 6.4. -- Dynamical theory of heat, that theory of heat which assumes it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the ultimate particles of matter. Heat engine, any apparatus by which a heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine. -- Heat producers. (Physiol.) See under Food. -- Heat rays, a term formerly applied to the rays near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible spectrum. -- Heat weight (Mech.), the product of any quantity of heat by the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute temperature; -- called also thermodynamic function, and entropy. -- Mechanical equivalent of heat. See under Equivalent. -- Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature), the number of units of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one degree. -- Unit of heat, the quantity of heat required to raise, by one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is that of 0° Centigrade, or 32° Fahrenheit. Heat Heat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heated; p. pr. & vb. n. Heating.] [OE. heten, AS. h, fr. h\'bet hot. See Hot.] 1. To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to heat an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like. Heat me these irons hot. Shak. 2. To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish. Pray, walk softly; do not heat your blood. Shak. 3. To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions. A noble emulation heats your breast. Dryden. Heat Heat, v. i. 1. To grow warm or not by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water heats slow. 2. To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by chemical action; as, green hay heats in a mow, and manure in the dunghill. Heat Heat (?), imp. & p. p. of Heat. Heated; as, the iron though heat red-hot. [Obs. or Archaic.] Shak. Heater Heat"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, heats. 2. Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace, stove, or other heated body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat to something, or to contain something to be heated. Feed heater. See under Feed. Heath Heath (?), n. [OE. heth waste land, the plant heath, AS. h; akin to D. & G. heide, Icel. hei waste land, Dan. hede, Sw. hed, Goth. haipi field, L. bucetum a cow pasture; cf. W. coed a wood, Skr. ksh field. &root;20.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A low shrub (Erica, OR Calluna, vulgaris), with minute evergreen leaves, and handsome clusters of pink flowers. It is used in Great Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. It is also called heather, and ling. (b) Also, any species of the genus Erica, of which several are European, and many more are South African, some of great beauty. See Illust. of Heather. 2. A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless tract of country overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage. Their stately growth, though bare, Stands on the blasted heath. Milton Heath cock (Zo\'94l.), the blackcock. See Heath grouse (below). -- Heath grass (Bot.), a kind of perennial grass, of the genus Triodia (T. decumbens), growing on dry heaths. -- Heath grouse, OR Heath game (Zo\'94l.), a European grouse (Tetrao tetrix), which inhabits heats; -- called also black game, black grouse, heath poult, heath fowl, moor fowl. The male is called, heath cock, and blackcock; the female, heath hen, and gray hen. -- Heath hen. (Zo\'94l.) See Heath grouse (above). -- Heath pea (bot.), a species of bitter vetch (Lathyris macrorhizus), the tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used to flavor whisky. -- Heath throstle (Zo\'94l.), a European thrush which frequents heaths; the ring ouzel. Heathclad Heath"clad` (?), a. Clad or crowned with heath. Heathen Hea"then (?; 277), n.; pl. Heathens (#) or collectively Heathen. [OE. hethen, AS. h, prop. an adj. fr. h heath, and orig., therefore, one who lives in the country or on the heaths and in the woods (cf. pagan, fr. pagus village); akin to OS. h, adj., D. heiden a heathen, G. heide, OHG. heidan, Icel. hei, adj., Sw. heden, Goth. haipn, n. fem. See Heath, and cf. Hoiden.] 1. An individual of the pagan or unbelieving nations, or those which worship idols and do not acknowledge the true God; a pagan; an idolater. 2. An irreligious person. If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and they may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted heathens. V. Knox. The heathen, as the term is used in the Scriptures, all people except the Jews; now used of all people except Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans. Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance. Ps. ii. 8. Syn. -- Pagan; gentile. See Pagan. Heathen Hea"then (?), a. 1. Gentile; pagan; as, a heathen author. "The heathen philosopher." "All in gold, like heathen gods." Shak. 2. Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish. 3. Irreligious; scoffing. Heathendom Hea"then*dom (?), n. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;end&omac;m.] 1. That part of the world where heathenism prevails; the heathen nations, considered collectively. 2. Heathenism. C. Kingsley. Heathenesse Hea"then*esse (?), n. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;ennes, i. e., heathenness.] Heathendom. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir W. Scott. Heathenish Hea"then*ish, a. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;enisc.] 1. Of or pertaining to the heathen; resembling or characteristic of heathens. "Worse than heathenish crimes." Milton. 2. Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel. South. 3. Irreligious; as, a heathenish way of living. Heathenishly Hea"then*ish"ly, adv. In a heathenish manner. Heathenishness Hea"then*ish*ness, n. The state or quality of being heathenish. "The . . . heathenishness and profaneness of most playbooks." Prynne. Heathenism Hea"then*ism (?), n. 1. The religious system or rites of a heathen nation; idolatry; paganism. 2. The manners or morals usually prevalent in a heathen country; ignorance; rudeness; barbarism. Heathenize Hea"then*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heathenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heathenizing (?).] To render heathen or heathenish. Firmin. Heathenness Hea"then*ness, n. [Cf. Heathenesse.] State of being heathen or like the heathen. Heathenry Hea"then*ry (?), n. 1. The state, quality, or character of the heathen. Your heathenry and your laziness. C. Kingsley. 2. Heathendom; heathen nations. Heather Heath"er (?; 277. This is the only pronunciation in Scotland), n. [See Heath.] Heath. [Scot.] Gorse and grass And heather, where his footsteps pass, The brighter seem. Longfellow. Heather bell (Bot.), one of the pretty subglobose flowers of two European kinds of heather (Erica Tetralix, and E. cinerea). Heathery Heath"er*y (?), a. Heathy; abounding in heather; of the nature of heath. Heathy Heath"y (?), a. Full of heath; abounding with heath; as, heathy land; heathy hills. Sir W. Scott. Heating Heat"ing (?), a. That heats or imparts heat; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action; stimulating; as, heating medicines or applications. Heating surface (Steam Boilers), the aggregate surface exposed to fire or to the heated products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or sheets that are exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; -- called also fire surface. Heatingly Heat"ing*ly, adv. In a heating manner; so as to make or become hot or heated. Heatless Heat"less, a. Destitute of heat; cold. Beau. & Fl. Heave Heave (?), v. t. [imp. Heaved (?), or Hove (; p. p. Heaved, Hove, formerly Hoven (; p. pr. & vb. n. Heaving.] [OE. heven, hebben, As. hebban; akin to OS. hebbian, D. heffen, OHG. heffan, hevan, G. heven, Icel. h\'84fva, Dan. h\'91ve, Goth. hafjan, L. capere to take, seize; cf. Gr. Accept, Behoof, Capacious, Forceps, haft, Receipt.] 1. To cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; to lift; to raise; to hoist; -- often with up; as, the wave heaved the boat on land. One heaved ahigh, to be hurled down below. Shak. NOTE: &hand; He ave, as now used, implies that the thing raised is heavy or hard to move; but formerly it was used in a less restricted sense. Here a little child I stand, Heaving up my either hand. Herrick. 2. To throw; to cast; -- obsolete, provincial, or colloquial, except in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the lead; to heave the log. 3. To force from, or into, any position; to cause to move; also, to throw off; -- mostly used in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the ship ahead. 4. To raise or force from the breast; to utter with effort; as, to heave a sigh. The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak. 5. To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or bosom. The glittering, finny swarms That heave our friths, and crowd upon our shores. Thomson. To heave a cable short (Naut.), to haul in cable till the ship is almost perpendicularly above the anchor. -- To heave a ship ahead (Naut.), to warp her ahead when not under sail, as by means of cables. -- To heave a ship down (Naut.), to throw or lay her down on one side; to careen her. -- To heave a ship to (Naut.), to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion. -- To heave about (Naut.), to put about suddenly. -- To heave in (Naut.), to shorten (cable). -- To heave in stays (Naut.), to put a vessel on the other tack. -- To heave out a sail (Naut.), to unfurl it. -- To heave taut (Naut.), to turn a capstan, etc., till the rope becomes strained. See Taut, and Tight. -- To heave the lead (Naut.), to take soundings with lead and line. -- To heave the log. (Naut.) See Log. -- To heave up anchor (Naut.), to raise it from the bottom of the sea or elsewhere. _________________________________________________________________ Page 680 Heave Heave (?), v. i. 1. To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound. And the huge columns heave into the sky. Pope. Where heaves the turf in many a moldering heap. Gray. The heaving sods of Bunker Hill. E. Everett. 2. To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the lungs in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, as the earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to swell; to dilate; to expand; to distend; hence, to labor; to struggle. Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves. Prior. The heaving plain of ocean. Byron. 3. To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to do something difficult. The Church of England had struggled and heaved at a reformation ever since Wyclif's days. Atterbury. 4. To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to vomit. To heave at. (a) To make an effort at. (b) To attack, to oppose. [Obs.] Fuller. -- To heave in sight (as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to appear. -- To heave up, to vomit. [Low] Heave Heave, n. 1. An effort to raise something, as a weight, or one's self, or to move something heavy. After many strains and heaves He got up to his saddle eaves. Hudibras. 2. An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an earthquake, and the like. There's matter in these sighs, these profound heaves, You must translate. Shak. None could guess whether the next heave of the earthquake would settle . . . or swallow them. Dryden. 3. (Geol.) A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another lode. Heaven Heav"en (?), n. [OE. heven, hefen, heofen, AS. heofon; akin to OS. hevan, LG. heben, heven, Icel. hifinn; of uncertain origin, cf. D. hemel, G. himmel, Icel. himmin, Goth. himins; perh. akin to, or influenced by, the root of E. heave, or from a root signifying to cover, cf. Goth. gaham to put on, clothe one's self, G. hemd shirt, and perh. E. chemise.] 1. The expanse of space surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems to be over the earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the sky; the place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; -- often used in the plural in this sense. I never saw the heavens so dim by day. Shak. When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in heaven. D. Webster. 2. The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of bliss; the place or state of the blessed after death. Unto the God of love, high heaven's King. Spenser. It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell. Shak. New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven. Keble. NOTE: &hand; In th is ge neral se nse heaven and its corresponding words in other languages have as various definite interpretations as there are phases of religious belief. 3. The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly of the blessed, collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as in No. 2. Her prayers, whom Heaven delights to hear. Shak. The will And high permission of all-ruling Heaven. Milton. 4. Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort; perfect felicity; bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; as, a heaven of delight. "A heaven of beauty." Shak. "The brightest heaven of invention." Shak. O bed! bed! delicious bed! That heaven upon earth to the weary head! Hood. NOTE: &hand; He aven is very often used, esp. with participles, in forming compound words, most of which need no special explanation; as, heaven-appeasing, heaven-aspiring, heaven-begot, heaven-born, heaven-bred, heaven-conducted, heaven-descended, heaven-directed, heaven-exalted, heaven-given, heaven-guided, heaven-inflicted, heaven-inspired, heaven-instructed, heaven-kissing, heaven-loved, heaven-moving, heaven-protected, heaven-taught, heaven-warring, and the like. Heaven Heav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heavened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heavening.] To place in happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify. [R.] We are happy as the bird whose nest Is heavened in the hush of purple hills. G. Massey. Heavenize Heav"en*ize (?), v. t. To render like heaven or fit for heaven. [R.] Bp. Hall. Heavenliness Heav"en*li*ness (?), n. [From Heavenly.] The state or quality of being heavenly. Sir J. Davies. Heavenly Heav"en*ly, a. [AS. heofonic.] 1. Pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven; celestial; not earthly; as, heavenly regions; heavenly music. As is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly. 1 Cor. xv. 48. 2. Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed; as, a heavenly race; the heavenly, throng. The love of heaven makes one heavenly. Sir P. Sidney. Heavenly Heav"en*ly, adv. 1. In a manner resembling that of heaven. "She was heavenly true." Shak. 2. By the influence or agency of heaven. Out heavenly guided soul shall climb. Milton. Heavenlyminded Heav"en*ly*mind`ed (?), a. Having the thoughts and affections placed on, or suitable for, heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious. Milner. -- Heav"en*ly*mind`ed*ness, n. Heavenward Heav"en*ward (?), a & adv. Toward heaven. Heave offering Heave" of`fer*ing (?). (Jewish Antiq.) An offering or oblation heaved up or elevated before the altar, as the shoulder of the peace offering. See Wave offering. <-- sic!? --> Ex. xxix. 27. Heaver Heav"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer employed on docks in handling freight; as, a coal heaver. 2. (Naut.) A bar used as a lever. Totten. Heaves Heaves (?), n. A disease of horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken wind. Heavily Heav"i*ly (?), adv. [From 2d Heavy.] 1. In a heavy manner; with great weight; as, to bear heavily on a thing; to be heavily loaded. Heavily interested in those schemes of emigration. The Century. 2. As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and laboriously; with difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or suffering manner; sorrowfully. And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily. Ex. xiv. 25. Why looks your grace so heavily to-day? Shak. Heaviness Heav"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being heavy in its various senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness; oppression; thickness. Heaving Heav"ing (?), n. A lifting or rising; a swell; a panting or deep sighing. Addison. Shak. Heavisome Heav"i*some (?), a. Heavy; dull. [Prov.] Heavy Heav"y (?), a. Having the heaves. Heavy Heav"y (?), a. [Compar. Heavier (?); superl. Heaviest.] [OE. hevi, AS. hefig, fr. hebban to lift, heave; akin to OHG. hebig, hevig, Icel. h\'94figr, h\'94fugr. See Heave.] 1. Heaved or lifted with labor; not light; weighty; ponderous; as, a heavy stone; hence, sometimes, large in extent, quantity, or effects; as, a heavy fall of rain or snow; a heavy failure; heavy business transactions, etc.; often implying strength; as, a heavy barrier; also, difficult to move; as, a heavy draught. 2. Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard to endure or accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; as, heavy yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news, etc. The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of Ashdod. 1 Sam. v. 6. The king himself hath a heavy reckoning to make. Shak. Sent hither to impart the heavy news. Wordsworth. Trust him not in matter of heavy consequence. Shak. 3. Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered; burdened; bowed down, either with an actual burden, or with care, grief, pain, disappointment. The heavy [sorrowing] nobles all in council were. Chapman. A light wife doth make a heavy husband. Shak. 4. Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull, inanimate, stupid; as, a heavy gait, looks, manners, style, and the like; a heavy writer or book. Whilst the heavy plowman snores. Shak. Of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind. Dryden. Neither [is] his ear heavy, that it can not hear. Is. lix. 1. 5. Strong; violent; forcible; as, a heavy sea, storm, cannonade, and the like. 6. Loud; deep; -- said of sound; as, heavy thunder. But, hark! that heavy sound breaks in once more. Byron. 7. Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; -- said of the sky. 8. Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of earth; as, a heavy road, soil, and the like. 9. Not raised or made light; as, heavy bread. 10. Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach; not easily digested; -- said of food. 11. Having much body or strength; -- said of wines, or other liquors. 12. With child; pregnant. [R.] Heavy artillery. (Mil.) (a) Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp. siege, garrison, and seacoast guns. (b) Troops which serve heavy guns. -- Heavy cavalry. See under Cavalry. -- Heavy fire (Mil.), a continuous or destructive cannonading, or discharge of small arms. -- Heavy metal (Mil.), large guns carrying balls of a large size; also, large balls for such guns.<-- a type of rock music (1970's), with a hard beat, amplified electronically --> -- Heavy metals. (Chem.) See under Metal. -- Heavy weight, in wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the heaviest of the classes into which contestants are divided. Cf. Feather weight (c), under Feather. NOTE: &hand; He avy is used in composition to form many words which need no special explanation; as, heavy-built, heavy-browed, heavy-gaited, etc. Heavy Heav"y, adv. Heavily; -- sometimes used in composition; as, heavy-laden. Heavy Heav"y, v. t. To make heavy. [Obs.] Wyclif. Heavy-armed Heav"y-armed` (?), a. (Mil.) Wearing heavy or complete armor; carrying heavy arms. Heavy-haded Heav"y-had"ed (?), a. Clumsy; awkward. Heavy-headed Heav"y-head"ed (?), a. Dull; stupid. "Gross heavy-headed fellows." Beau. & Fl. Heavy spar Heav"y spar` (?). (Min.) Native barium sulphate or barite, -- so called because of its high specific gravity as compared with other non-metallic minerals. Hebdomad Heb"do*mad (?), n. [L. hebdomas, -adis, Gr. "ebdoma`s the number seven days, fr. Seven.] A week; a period of seven days. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Hebdomadal, Hebdomadary Heb*dom"a*dal (?), Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), a. [L. hebdomadalis, LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadaire.] Consisting of seven days, or occurring at intervals of seven days; weekly. Hebdomadally Heb*dom"a*dal*ly (?), adv. In periods of seven days; weekly. Lowell. Hebdomadary Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), n. [LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadier.] (R. C. Ch.) A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir, and perform other services, which, on extraordinary occasions, are performed by the superiors. Hebdomatical Heb`do*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. hebdomaticus, Gr. Weekly; hebdomadal. [Obs.] Hebe He"be (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "h`bh youth, "H`bh Hebe.] 1. (Class. Myth.) The goddess of youth, daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was believed to have the power of restoring youth and beauty to those who had lost them. 2. (Zo\'94l.) An African ape; the hamadryas. Heben Heb"en (?), n. Ebony. [Obs.] Spenser. Hebenon Heb"e*non (?), n. See Henbane. [Obs.] Shak. Hebetate Heb"e*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hebetated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hebetating.] [L. hebetatus, p. p. of hebetare to dull. See Hebete.] To render obtuse; to dull; to blunt; to stupefy; as, to hebetate the intellectual faculties. Southey Hebetate Heb"e*tate (?), a. 1. Obtuse; dull. 2. (Bot.) Having a dull or blunt and soft point. Gray. Hebetation Heb`e*ta"tion (?), n. [L. hebetatio: cf. F. h\'82b\'82tation.] 1. The act of making blunt, dull, or stupid. 2. The state of being blunted or dulled. Hebete He*bete" (?), a. [L. hebes, hebetis, dull, stupid, fr. hebere to be dull.] Dull; stupid. [Obs.] Hebetude Heb"e*tude (?), n. [L. hebetudo.] Dullness; stupidity. Harvey. Hebraic He"bra"ic (?), a. [L. Hebraicus, Gr. hebra\'8bque. See Hebrew.] Of or pertaining to the Hebrews, or to the language of the Hebrews. Hebraically He*bra"ic*al*ly (?), adv. After the manner of the Hebrews or of the Hebrew language. Hebraism He"bra*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. h\'82bra\'8bsme.] 1. A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression or manner of speaking in the Hebrew language. Addison. 2. The type of character of the Hebrews. The governing idea of Hebraism is strictness of conscience. M. Arnold. Hebraist He"bra*ist, n. [Cf. F. h\'82bra\'8bste.] One versed in the Hebrew language and learning. Hebraistic He`bra*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the Hebrew language or idiom. Hebraistically He`bra*is"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In a Hebraistic sense or form. Which is Hebraistically used in the New Testament. Kitto. Hebraize He"bra*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. h\'82bra\'8bser.] To convert into the Hebrew idiom; to make Hebrew or Hebraistic. J. R. Smith. Hebraize He"bra*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hebraized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hebraizing.] To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrew idiom, or to Hebrew customs. Hebrew He"brew (?), n. [F. H\'82breu, L. Hebraeus, Gr. 'ibhr\'c6.] 1. An appellative of Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the line of Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew. There came one that had escaped and told Abram the Hebrew. Gen. xiv. 13. 2. The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the Semitic family of languages. Hebrew He"brew, a. Of or pertaining to the Hebrews; as, the Hebrew language or rites. Hebrewess He"brew*ess, n. An Israelitish woman. Hebrician He*bri"cian (?), n. A Hebraist. [R.] Hebridean, Hebridian He*brid"e*an (?), He*brid"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the islands called Hebrides, west of Scotland. -- n. A native or inhabitant of the Hebrides. Hecatomb Hec"a*tomb (?), n. [L. hecatombe, Gr. h\'82catombe.] (Antiq.) A sacrifice of a hundred oxen or cattle at the same time; hence, the sacrifice or slaughter of any large number of victims. Slaughtered hecatombs around them bleed. Addison. More than a human hecatomb. Byron. Hecatompedon Hec`a*tom"pe*don (?), n. [Gr. (Arch.) A name given to the old Parthenon at Athens, because measuring 100 Greek feet, probably in the width across the stylobate. Hecdecane Hec"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A white, semisolid, spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, C16H34, of the paraffin series, found dissolved as an important ingredient of kerosene, and so called because each molecule has sixteen atoms of carbon; -- called also hexadecane. Heck Heck (?), n. [See Hatch a half door.] [Written also hack.] 1. The bolt or latch of a door. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A rack for cattle to feed at. [Prov. Eng.] 3. A door, especially one partly of latticework; -- called also heck door. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 4. A latticework contrivance for catching fish. 5. (Weaving) An apparatus for separating the threads of warps into sets, as they are wound upon the reel from the bobbins, in a warping machine. 6. A bend or winding of a stream. [Prov. Eng.] Half heck, the lower half of a door. -- Heck board, the loose board at the bottom or back of a cart. -- Heck box OR frame, that which carries the heck in warping. Heckimal Heck"i*mal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European blue titmouse (Parus c\'d2ruleus). [Written also heckimel, hackeymal, hackmall, hagmall, and hickmall.] Heckle Hec"kle (?), n. & v. t. Same as Hackle. Hectare Hec"tare` (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. are an are.] A measure of area, or superficies, containing a hundred ares, or 10,000 square meters, and equivalent to 2.471 acres. Hectic Hec"tic (?), a. [F. hectique, Gr. sah to overpower, endure; cf. AS. sige, sigor, victory, G. sieg, Goth. sigis. Cf. Scheme.] 1. Habitual; constitutional; pertaining especially to slow waste of animal tissue, as in consumption; as, a hectic type in disease; a hectic flush. 2. In a hectic condition; having hectic fever; consumptive; as, a hectic patient. Hectic fever (Med.), a fever of irritation and debility, occurring usually at a advanced stage of exhausting disease, as a in pulmonary consumption. Hectic Hec"tic, n. 1. (Med.) Hectic fever. 2. A hectic flush. It is no living hue, but a strange hectic. Byron. _________________________________________________________________ Page 681 Hectocotylized Hec`to*cot"y*lized (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Changed into a hectocotylus; having a hectocotylis. Hectocotylus Hec`to*cot"y*lus (?), n.; pl. Hectocotyli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the arms of the male of most kinds of cephalopods, which is specially modified in various ways to effect the fertilization of the eggs. In a special sense, the greatly modified arm of Argonauta and allied genera, which, after receiving the spermatophores, becomes detached from the male, and attaches itself to the female for reproductive purposes. Hectogram Hec"to*gram (?), n. [F. hectogramme, fr. Gr. gramme a gram.] A measure of weight, containing a hundred grams, or about 3.527 ounces avoirdupois. Hectogramme Hec"to*gramme (?), n. [F.] The same as Hectogram. Hectograph Hec"to*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] A contrivance for multiple copying, by means of a surface of gelatin softened with glycerin. [Written also hectograph.] Hectoliter, Hectolitre Hec"to*li`ter, Hec"to*li`tre (?), n. [F. hectolitre, fr. Gr. litre a liter.] A measure of liquids, containing a hundred liters; equal to a tenth of a cubic meter, nearly 26 gallons of wine measure, or 22.0097 imperial gallons. As a dry measure, it contains ten decaliters, or about 2 Winchester bushels. Hectometer, Hectometre Hec"to*me`ter, Hec"to*me`tre (?), n. [F. hectom\'8atre, fr. Gr. m\'8atre a meter.] A measure of length, equal to a hundred meters. It is equivalent to 328.09 feet. Hector Hec"tor (?), n. [From the Trojan warrior Hector, the son of Priam.] A bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who vexes or provokes. Hector Hec"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hectored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hectoring.] To treat with insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to torment by words; to tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by bullying. Dryden. Hector Hec"tor, v. i. To play the bully; to bluster; to be turbulent or insolent. Swift. Hectorism Hec"to*rism (?), n. The disposition or the practice of a hector; a bullying. [R.] Hectorly Hec"tor*ly, a. Resembling a hector; blustering; insolent; taunting. "Hectorly, ruffianlike swaggering or huffing." Barrow. Hectostere Hec"to*stere (?), n. [F. hectost\'8are; Gr. st\'8are.] A measure of solidity, containing one hundred cubic meters, and equivalent to 3531.66 English or 3531.05 United States cubic feet. Heddle Hed"dle (?), n.; pl. Heddles (#). [Cf. Heald.] (Weaving) One of the sets of parallel doubled threads which, with mounting, compose the harness employed to guide the warp threads to the lathe or batten in a loom. Heddle Hed"dle, v. t. To draw (the warp thread) through the heddle-eyes, in weaving. Heddle-eye Hed"dle-eye` (?), n. (Weaving) The eye or loop formed in each heddle to receive a warp thread. Heddling Hed"dling (?), vb. n. The act of drawing the warp threads through the heddle-eyes of a weaver's harness; the harness itself. Knight. Hederaceous Hed`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. hederaceus, fr. hedera ivy.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, ivy. Hederal Hed"er*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ivy. Hederic He*der"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, the ivy (Hedera); as, hederic acid, an acid of the acetylene series. Hederiferous Hed`er*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. hedera ivy + -ferous.] Producing ivy; ivy-bearing. Hederose Hed"er*ose` (?), a. [L. hederosus, fr. hedera ivy.] Pertaining to, or of, ivy; full of ivy. Hedge Hedge (?), n. [OE. hegge, AS. hecg; akin to haga an inclosure, E. haw, AS. hege hedge, E. haybote, D. hegge, OHG. hegga, G. hecke. &root;12. See Haw a hedge.] A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes; especially, such a thicket planted as a fence between any two portions of land; and also any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a line or as a fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden. The roughest berry on the rudest hedge. Shak. Through the verdant maze Of sweetbrier hedges I pursue my walk. Thomson. NOTE: &hand; He dge, when used adjectively or in composition, often means rustic, outlandish, illiterate, poor, or mean; as, hedge priest; hedgeborn, etc. Hedge bells, Hedge bindweed (Bot.), a climbing plant related to the morning-glory (Convolvulus sepium). -- Hedge bill, a long-handled billhook. -- Hedge garlic (Bot.), a plant of the genus Alliaria. See Garlic mustard, under Garlic. -- Hedge hyssop (Bot.), a bitter herb of the genus Gratiola, the leaves of which are emetic and purgative. -- Hedge marriage, a secret or clandestine marriage, especially one performed by a hedge priest. [Eng.] -- Hedge mustard (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sisymbrium, belonging to the Mustard family. -- Hedge nettle (Bot.), an herb, or under shrub, of the genus Stachys, belonging to the Mint family. It has a nettlelike appearance, though quite harmless. -- Hedge note. (a) The note of a hedge bird. (b) Low, contemptible writing. [Obs.] Dryden. -- Hedge priest, a poor, illiterate priest. Shak. -- Hedge school, an open-air school in the shelter of a hedge, in Ireland; a school for rustics. -- Hedge sparrow (Zo\'94l.), a European warbler (Accentor modularis) which frequents hedges. Its color is reddish brown, and ash; the wing coverts are tipped with white. Called also chanter, hedge warbler, dunnock, and doney. -- Hedge writer, an insignificant writer, or a writer of low, scurrilous stuff. [Obs.] Swift. -- To breast up a hedge. See under Breast. -- To hang in the hedge, to be at a standstill. "While the business of money hangs in the hedge." Pepys. Hedge Hedge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hedged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hedging.] 1. To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence with a thickly set line or thicket of shrubs or small trees; as, to hedge a field or garden. 2. To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to hinder from progress or success; -- sometimes with up and out. I will hedge up thy way with thorns. Hos. ii. 6. Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to hedge out incursions from the north. Milton. 3. To surround for defense; to guard; to protect; to hem (in). "England, hedged in with the main." Shak. 4. To surround so as to prevent escape. That is a law to hedge in the cuckoo. Locke. To hedge a bet, to bet upon both sides; that is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other, thus guarding against loss. Hedge Hedge, v. i. 1. To shelter one's self from danger, risk, duty, responsibility, etc., as if by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk; to slink; to shirk obligations. I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand and hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to hedge and to lurch. Shak. 2. (Betting) To reduce the risk of a wager by making a bet against the side or chance one has bet on. 3. To use reservations and qualifications in one's speech so as to avoid committing one's self to anything definite. The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to hedge between the parties than . . . to gain favor from the Roundheads. Saintsbury. Hedgeborn Hedge"born` (?), a. Born under a hedge; of low birth. Shak. Hedgebote Hedge"bote` (?), n. (Eng. Law) Same as Haybote. Hedgehog Hedge"hog` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A small European insectivore (Erinaceus Europ\'91us), and other allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon insects. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The Canadian porcupine.[U.S] 3. (Bot.) A species of Medicago (M. intertexta), the pods of which are armed with short spines; -- popularly so called. Loudon. 4. A form of dredging machine. Knight. Hedgehog caterpillar (Zo\'94l.), the hairy larv\'91 of several species of bombycid moths, as of the Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed. See Woolly bear, and Isabella moth. -- Hedgehog fish (Zo\'94l.), any spinose plectognath fish, esp. of the genus Diodon; the porcupine fish. -- Hedgehog grass (Bot.), a grass with spiny involucres, growing on sandy shores; burgrass (Cenchrus tribuloides). -- Hedgehog rat (Zo\'94l.), one of several West Indian rodents, allied to the porcupines, but with ratlike tails, and few quills, or only stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats belong to Capromys, Plagiodon, and allied genera. -- Hedgehog shell (Zo\'94l.), any spinose, marine, univalve shell of the genus Murex. -- Hedgehog thistle (Bot.), a plant of the Cactus family, globular in form, and covered with spines (Echinocactus). -- Sea hedgehog. See Diodon. Hedgeless Hedge"less, a. Having no hedge. Hedgepig Hedge"pig` (?), n. A young hedgehog. Shak. Hedger Hedg"er (?), n. One who makes or mends hedges; also, one who hedges, as, in betting. Hedgerow Hedge"row` (?), n. A row of shrubs, or trees, planted for inclosure or separation of fields. By hedgerow elms and hillocks green. Milton. Hedging bill Hedg"ing bill` (?). A hedge bill. See under Hedge. Hedonic He*don"ic (?), a. [Gr. 1. Pertaining to pleasure. 2. Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic sect. Hedonistic Hed`o*nis"tic (?), a. Same as Hedonic, 2. Heed Heed (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heeding.] [OE. heden, AS. h; akin to OS. hdian, D. hoeden, Fries. hoda, OHG. huoten, G. h\'81ten, Dan. hytte.Hood.] To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe. With pleasure Argus the musician heeds. Dryden. Syn. -- To notice; regard; mind. See Attend, v. t. Heed Heed, v. i. To mind; to consider. Heed Heed, n. 1. Attention; notice; observation; regard; -- often with give or take. With wanton heed and giddy cunning. Milton. Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand. 2 Sam. xx. 10. Birds give more heed and mark words more than beasts. Bacon. 2. Careful consideration; obedient regard. Therefore we ought to give the more earnest heed to the things which we have heard. Heb. ii. 1. 3. A look or expression of heading. [R.] He did it with a serious mind; a heed Was in his countenance. Shak. Heedful Heed"ful (?), a. Full of heed; regarding with care; cautious; circumspect; attentive; vigilant. Shak. -- Heed"ful*ly, adv. -- Heed"ful*ness, n. Heedless Heed"less, a. Without heed or care; inattentive; careless; thoughtless; unobservant. O, negligent and heedless discipline! Shak. The heedless lover does not know Whose eyes they are that wound him so. Waller. -- Heed"less*ly, adv. -- Heed"less*ness, n. Heedy Heed"y (?), a. Heedful. [Obs.] "Heedy shepherds." Spenser. -- Heed"i*ly (#), adv. [Obs.] -- Heed"i*ness, n. [Obs.] Spenser. Heel Heel (?), v. i. [OE. helden to lean, incline, AS. heldan, hyldan; akin to Icel. halla, Dan. helde, Sw. h\'84lla to tilt, pour, and perh. to E. hill.] (Naut.) To lean or tip to one side, as a ship; as, the ship heels aport; the boat heeled over when the squall struck it. Heeling error (Naut.), a deviation of the compass caused by the heeling of an iron vessel to one side or the other. Heel Heel, n. [OE. hele, heele, AS. h&emac;la, perh. for h&omac;hila, fr. AS. h&emac;h heel (cf. Hough); but cf. D. hiel, OFries. heila, h, Icel. h\'91ll, Dan. h\'91l, Sw. h\'84l, and L. calx. &root;12. Cf. Inculcate.] 1. The hinder part of the foot; sometimes, the whole foot; -- in man or quadrupeds. He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed, His winged heels and then his armed head. Denham. 2. The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as of a shoe, sock, etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward from the hinder part of the sole of a boot or shoe. 3. The latter or remaining part of anything; the closing or concluding part. "The heel of a hunt." A. Trollope. "The heel of the white loaf." Sir W. Scott. 4. Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape; a protuberance; a knob. 5. The part of a thing corresponding in position to the human heel; the lower part, or part on which a thing rests; especially: (a) (Naut.) The after end of a ship's keel. (b) (Naut.) The lower end of a mast, a boom, the bowsprit, the sternpost, etc. (c) (Mil.) In a small arm, the corner of the but which is upwards in the firing position. (d) (Mil.) The uppermost part of the blade of a sword, next to the hilt. (e) The part of any tool next the tang or handle; as, the heel of a scythe. 6. (Man.) Management by the heel, especially the spurred heel; as, the horse understands the heel well. 7. (Arch.) (a) The lower end of a timber in a frame, as a post or rafter. In the United States, specif., the obtuse angle of the lower end of a rafter set sloping. (b) A cyma reversa; -- so called by workmen. Gwilt. Heel chain (Naut.), a chain passing from the bowsprit cap around the heel of the jib boom. -- Heel plate, the butt plate of a gun. -- Heel of a rafter. (Arch.) See Heel, n., 7. -- Heel ring, a ring for fastening a scythe blade to the snath. -- Neck and heels, the whole body. (Colloq.) -- To be at the heels of, to pursue closely; to follow hard: as, hungry want is at my heels. Otway. -- To be down at the heel, to be slovenly or in a poor plight. -- To be out at the heels, to have on stockings that are worn out; hence, to be shabby, or in a poor plight. Shak. -- To cool the heels. See under Cool. -- To go heels over head, to turn over so as to bring the heels uppermost; hence, to move in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner. -- To have the heels of, to outrun. -- To lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to imprison. Shak. Addison. -- To show the heels, to flee; to run from. -- To take to the heels, to flee; to betake to flight. -- To throw up another's heels, to trip him. Bunyan. -- To tread upon one's heels, to follow closely. Shak. Heel Heel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heeling.] 1. To perform by the use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and the like. [R.] I cannot sing, Nor heel the high lavolt. Shak. 2. To add a heel to; as, to heel a shoe. 3. To arm with a gaff, as a cock for fighting. Heelball Heel"ball` (?), n. A composition of wax and lampblack, used by shoemakers for polishing, and by antiquaries in copying inscriptions. Heeler Heel"er (?), n. 1. A cock that strikes well with his heels or spurs. 2. A dependent and subservient hanger-on of a political patron. [Political Cant, U. S.] The army of hungry heelers who do their bidding. The Century. Heelless Heel"less, a. Without a heel. Heelpiece Heel"piece` (?), n. 1. A piece of armor to protect the heels. Chesterfield. 2. A piece of leather fixed on the heel of a shoe. 3. The end. "The heelpiece of his book." Lloyd. Heelpost Heel"post` (?), n. 1. (Naut.) The post supporting the outer end of a propeller shaft. 2. (Carp.) The post to which a gate or door is hinged. 3. (Engineering) The quoin post of a lock gate. Heelspur Heel"spur` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A slender bony or cartilaginous process developed from the heel bone of bats. It helps to support the wing membranes. See Illust. of Cheiropter. Heeltap Heel"tap` (?), n. 1. One of the segments of leather in the heel of a shoe. 2. A small portion of liquor left in a glass after drinking. "Bumpers around and no heeltaps." Sheridan. Heeltap Heel"tap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeltapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heeltapping.] To add a piece of leather to the heel of (a shoe, boot, etc.) Heeltool Heel"tool` (?), n. A tool used by turners in metal, having a bend forming a heel near the cutting end. Heep Heep (?), n. The hip of the dog-rose. [Obs.] Heer Heer (?), n.[Etymol. uncertain.] A yarn measure of six hundred yards or Spindle. Heer Heer, n. [See Hair.] Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 682 Heft Heft (?), n. Same as Haft, n. [Obs.] Waller. Heft Heft, n. [From Heave: cf. hefe weight. Cf. Haft.] 1. The act or effort of heaving [Obs.] He craks his gorge, his sides, With violent hefts. Shak. 2. Weight; ponderousness. [Colloq.] A man of his age and heft. T. Hughes. 3. The greater part or bulk of anything; as, the heft of the crop was spoiled. [Colloq. U. S.] J. Pickering. Heft Heft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hefted (Heft, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Hefting.] 1. To heave up; to raise aloft. Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he heft. Spenser. 2. To prove or try the weight of by raising. [Colloq.] Hefty Heft"y, a. Moderately heavy. [Colloq. U. S.] Hegelian He*ge"li*an (?; 106), a. Pertaining to Hegelianism. -- n. A follower of Hegel. Hegelianism, Hegelism He*ge"li*an*ism (?), He"gel*ism (?), n. The system of logic and philosophy set forth by Hegel, a German writer (1770-1831). Hegemonic, Hegemonical Heg`e*mon"ic (?), Heg`e*mon"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Hegemony.] Leading; controlling; ruling; predominant. "Princelike and hegemonical." Fotherby. Hegemony He*gem`o*ny (?), n. [Gr. Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors or confederates. Lieber. Hegge Heg"ge (?), n. A hedge. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hegira He*gi"ra (?; 277), n. [Written also hejira.] [Ar. hijrah flight.] The flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, A. D. 622 (subsequently established as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed. NOTE: &hand; Th e st arting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which corresponds to July 16, A. D. 622. Heifer Heif"er (?), n. [OE. hayfare, AS. he\'a0hfore, he\'a0fore; the second part of this word seems akin to AS. fearr bull, ox; akin to OHG. farro, G. farre, D. vaars, heifer, G. f\'84rse, and perh. to Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A young cow. Heigh-ho Heigh"-ho (h&imac;"-h&omac;), interj. An exclamation of surprise, joy, dejection, uneasiness, weariness, etc. Shak. Height Height (?), n. [Written also hight.] [OE. heighte, heght, heighthe, AS. he\'a0h, fr. heah high; akin to D. hoogte, Sw. h\'94jd, Dan. h\'94ide, Icel. h\'91, Goth. hauhipa. See High.] 1. The condition of being high; elevated position. Behold the height of the stars, how high they are! Job xxii. 12. 2. The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the ground, of animal, especially of a man; stature. Bacon. [Goliath's] height was six cubits and a span. 1 Sam. xvii. 4. 3. Degree of latitude either north or south. [Obs.] Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height as Peru to the south. Abp. Abbot. 4. That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; as, Alpine heights. Dryden. 5. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank; pre\'89minence or distinction in society; prominence. Measure your mind's height by the shade it casts. R. Browning. All would in his power hold, all make his subjects. Chapman. 6. Progress toward eminence; grade; degree. Social duties are carried to greater heights, and enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our religion. Addison. 7. Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; as, the height of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the height of a tempest. My grief was at the height before thou camest. Shak. On height, aloud. [Obs.] [He] spake these same words, all on hight. Chaucer. Heighten Height"en (h&imac;t"'n), v. t. [Written also highten.] [imp. & p. p. Heightened (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Heightening.] 1. To make high; to raise higher; to elevate. 2. To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous; -- used of things, good or bad; as, to heighten beauty; to heighten a flavor or a tint. "To heighten our confusion." Addison. An aspect of mystery which was easily heightened to the miraculous. Hawthorne. Heightener Height"en*er (?), n. [Written also hightener.] One who, or that which, heightens. Heinous Hei"nous (?), a. [OF. ha\'8bnos hateful, F. haineux, fr. OF. ha\'8bne hate, F. haine, fr. ha\'8br to hate; of German origin. See Hate.] Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant; odious; atrocious; giving great great offense; -- applied to deeds or to character. It were most heinous and accursed sacrilege. Hooker. How heinous had the fact been, how deserving Contempt! Milton. Syn. -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious. -- Hei"nous*ly, adv. -- Hei"nous*ness, n. Heir Heir (?), n. [OE. heir, eir, hair, OF. heir, eir, F. hoir, L. heres; of uncertain origin. Cf. Hereditary, Heritage.] 1. One who inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or property of another at the death of the latter. I am my father's heir and only son. Shak. 2. One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; as, the heir of one's reputation or virtues. And I his heir in misery alone. Pope. Heir apparent. (Law.) See under Apparent. -- Heir at law, one who, after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his intestate estate. Wharton (Law Dict.). -- Heir presumptive, one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or by some other contingency. Heir Heir (?), v. t. To inherit; to succeed to. [R.] One only daughter heired the royal state. Dryden. Heirdom Heir"dom (?), n. The state of an heir; succession by inheritance. Burke. Heiress Heir"ess, n, A female heir. Heirless Heir"less a. Destitute of an heir. Shak. Heirloom Heir"loom` (?), n. [Heir + loom, in its earlier sense of implement, tool. See Loom the frame.] Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in a family for several generations. Woe to him whose daring hand profanes The honored heirlooms of his ancestors. Moir. Heirship Heir"ship (?), n. The state, character, or privileges of an heir; right of inheriting. Heirship movables, certain kinds of movables which the heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate. [Scot.] Hejira He*ji"ra (?), n. See Hegira. Hektare, Hektogram, Hektoliter, AND Hektometer Hek"tare`, Hek"to*gram, Hek"to*li`ter, AND Hek"to*me`ter, n. Same as Hectare, Hectogram, Hectoliter, and Hectometer. Hektograph Hek"to*graph (?), n. See Hectograph. Helamys Hel*a*mys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Jumping hare, under Hare. Helcoplasty Hel"co*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr. -plasty.] (Med.) The act or process of repairing lesions made by ulcers, especially by a plastic operation. Held Held (?), imp. & p. p. of Hold. Hele Hele (?), n. [See Heal, n.] Health; welfare. [Obs.] "In joy and perfyt hele." Chaucer. Hele Hele, v. t. [AS. helan, akin to D. helen, OHG. helan, G. hehlen, L. celare. &root;17. See Hell, and cf. Conceal.] To hide; to cover; to roof. [Obs.] Hide and hele things. Chaucer. Helena Hel"e*na (?), n. [L.: cf. Sp. helena.] See St. Elmo's fire, under Saint. Helenin Hel"e*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A neutral organic substance found in the root of the elecampane (Inula helenium), and extracted as a white crystalline or oily material, with a slightly bitter taste. <-- used to induce interferon -- contains RNA --> Heliac He"li*ac (?), a. Heliacal. Heliacal He*li"a*cal (?), a. [Gr. h\'82liaque.] (Astron.) Emerging from the light of the sun, or passing into it; rising or setting at the same, or nearly the same, time as the sun. Sir T. Browne. NOTE: &hand; Th e heliacal rising of a star is when, after being in conjunction with the sun, and invisible, it emerges from the light so as to be visible in the morning before sunrising. On the contrary, the heliacal setting of a star is when the sun approaches conjunction so near as to render the star invisible. Heliacally He*li"a*cal*ly, adv. In a heliacal manner. De Quincey. Helianthin He`li*an"thin (?), n. [Prob. fr. L. helianthes, or NL. helianthus, sunflower, in allusion to its color.] (Chem.) An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; -- called also methyl orange. Helianthoid He`li*an"thoid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Helianthoidea. Helianthoidea He`li*an"thoi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. helianthes sunflower + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Anthozoa; the Actinaria. Helical Hel"i*cal (?), a. [From Helix.] Of or pertaining to, or in the form of, a helix; spiral; as, a helical staircase; a helical spring. -- Hel"i*cal*ly, adv. Helichrysum Hel`i*chry"sum (, n. [L., the marigold, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of composite plants, with shining, commonly white or yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated involucres, which are often called "everlasting flowers." Heliciform He*lic"i*form (?), a. [Helix + -form.] Having the form of a helix; spiral. Helicin Hel"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (Salix Helix of Linn\'91us.) Helicine Hel"i*cine (?), a. (Anat.) Curled; spiral; helicoid; -- applied esp. to certain arteries of the penis. Hellicograph Hel"li*co*graph` (?), n. [Helix + -graph.] An instrument for drawing spiral lines on a plane. Helicoid Hel"i*coid (?), a. [Gr. h\'82lico\'8bde. See Helix.] 1. Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve shell. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Shaped like a snail shell; pertaining to the Helicid\'91, or Snail family. Helicoid parabola (Math.), the parabolic spiral. Helicoid Hel"i*coid, n. (Geom.) A warped surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in such a manner that every point of the line shall have a uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight line, and at the same time a uniform angular motion about it. Helicoidal Hel`i*coid"al (?), a. Same as Helicoid. -- Hel`i*coid"al*ly, adv. Helicon Hel"i*con (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A mountain in B\'d2otia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses. From Helicon's harmonious springs A thousand rills their mazy progress take. Gray. Heliconia Hel`i*co"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Helicon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of Heliconius, a genus of tropical American butterflies. The wings are usually black, marked with green, crimson, and white. Heliconian Hel`i*co"ni*an (?), a. [L. Heliconius.] 1. Of or pertaining to Helicon. "Heliconian honey." Tennyson. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the butterflies of the genus Heliconius. Helicotrema Hel`i*co"tre"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The opening by which the two scal\'91 communicate at the top of the cochlea of the ear. Helio- He"li*o- (?). A combining form from Gr. "h`lios the sun. Heliocentric, Heliocentrical He`li*o*cen"tric (?), He`li*o*cen"tric"al (?), a. [Helio- + centric, centrical: cf. F. h\'82liocentrique.] (Astron.) pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed to geocentrical. Heliocentric parallax. See under Parallax. -- Heliocentric place, latitude, longitude, etc. (of a heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the body as viewed from the sun. Heliochrome He"li*o*chrome (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. A photograph in colors.<-- now, just color photograph --> R. Hunt. Heliochromic He`li*o*chro"mic (?), a. Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy. Heliochromy He"li*o*chro`my (?), n. The art of producing photographs in color.<-- color photography? --> Heliograph He"li*o*graph (?), n. [Helio- + -graph.]ets> 1. A picture taken by heliography; a photograph. 2. An instrument for taking photographs of the sun. 3. An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays. See Heliotrope, 3. Heliographic He`li*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to heliography or a heliograph; made by heliography. Heliographic chart. See under Chart. Heliography He`li*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Helio- + -graphy.] Photography. R. Hunt. Heliogravure He`li*o*grav"ure (?), n. [F. h\'82liogravure.] The process of photographic engraving. Heliolater He`li*ol"a*ter (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. A worshiper of the sun. Heliolatry He`li*ol"a*try (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. Sun worship. See Sabianism. Heliolite He"li*o*lite (?), n. [Helio- + -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil coral of the genus Heliolites, having twelve-rayed cells. It is found in the Silurian rocks. Heliometer He`li*om"e*ter (?), n. [Helio- + -meter: cf. F. h\'82liom\'8atre.] (Astron.) An instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of the sun; now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and relative direction of two stars too far apart to be easily measured in the field of view of an ordinary telescope. Heliometric, Heliometrical He`li*o*met"ric (?), He`li*o*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the heliometer, or to heliometry. Heliometry He`li*om"e*try (?), n. The apart or practice of measuring the diameters of heavenly bodies, their relative distances, etc. See Heliometer. Heliopora He`li*op"o*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian stony coral now known to belong to the Alcyonaria; -- called also blue coral. Helioscope He"li*o*scope (?), n. [Helio- + -scope: cf. F. h\'82lioscope.] (Astron.) A telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to the eyes, as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect but a small portion of light. -- He`li*o*scop`ic (#), a. Heliostat He"li*o*stat (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. h\'82liostate.] An instrument consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork, by which a sunbeam is made apparently stationary, by being steadily directed to one spot during the whole of its diurnal period; also, a geodetic heliotrope. Heliotrope He"li*o*trope (?), n. [F. h\'82liotrope, L. heliotropium, Gr. Heliacal, Trope.] 1. (Anc. Astron.) An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and equinoctial line. 2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; -- called also turnsole and girasole. H. Peruvianum is the commonly cultivated species with fragrant flowers. 3. (Geodesy & Signal Service) An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror. 4. (Min.) See Bloodstone (a). Heliotrope purple, a grayish purple color. Heliotroper He"li*o*tro`per (?), n. The person at a geodetic station who has charge of the heliotrope. Heliotropic He`li*o*trop"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward the sun. Heliotropism He`li*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. (Bot.) The phenomenon of turning toward the light, seen in many leaves and flowers. Heliotype He"li*o*type (?), n. [Helio- + -type.] A picture obtained by the process of heliotypy. Heliotypic He`li*o*typ"ic (?), a. Relating to, or obtained by, heliotypy. Heliotypy He"li*o*ty`py (?), n. A method of transferring pictures from photographic negatives to hardened gelatin plates from which impressions are produced on paper as by lithography. Heliozoa He`li*o*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fresh-water rhizopods having a more or less globular form, with slender radiating pseudopodia; the sun animalcule. Helispheric, Helispherical Hel`i*spher"ic (?), Hel`i*spher"ic*al (, a. [Helix + spheric, spherical.] Spiral. Helispherical line (Math.). the rhomb line in navigation. [R.] Helium He"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.) A gaseous element found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth and in some rare minerals.<-- Symbol He, atomic number 2. A noble (or rare) gas. --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 683 Helix He"lix (?), n.; pl. L. Helices (#), E. Helixes (#). [L. helix, Gr. volvere, and E. volute, voluble.] 1. (Geom.) A nonplane curve whose tangents are all equally inclined to a given plane. The common helix is the curve formed by the thread of the ordinary screw. It is distinguished from the spiral, all the convolutions of which are in the plane. 2. (Arch.) A caulicule or little volute under the abacus of the Corinthian capital. 3. (Anat.) The incurved margin or rim of the external ear. See Illust. of Ear. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of land snails, including a large number of species. NOTE: &hand; Th e ge nus originally included nearly all shells, but is now greatly restricted. See Snail, Pulmonifera. Hell Hell (?), n. [AS. hell; akin to D. hel, OHG. hella, G. h\'94lle, Icel. hal, Sw. helfvete, Dan. helvede, Goth. halja, and to AS. helan to conceal. Hele, v. t., Conceal, Cell, Helmet, Hole, Occult.] 1. The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the grave; -- called in Hebrew sheol, and by the Greeks hades. He descended into hell. Book of Common Prayer. Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell. Ps. xvi. 10. 2. The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death; the abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental torment; anguish. "Within him hell." Milton. It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell. Shak. 3. A place where outcast persons or things are gathered; as: (a) A dungeon or prison; also, in certain running games, a place to which those who are caught are carried for detention. (b) A gambling house. "A convenient little gambling hell for those who had grown reckless." W. Black. (c) A place into which a tailor throws his shreds, or a printer his broken type. Hudibras. Gates of hell. (Script.) See Gate, n., 4. Hell Hell, v. t. To overwhelm. [Obs.] Spenser. Hellanodic Hel`la*nod"ic (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A judge or umpire in games or combats. Hellbender Hell"bend`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large North American aquatic salamander (Protonopsis horrida or Menopoma Alleghaniensis). It is very voracious and very tenacious of life. Also called alligator, and water dog. Hellborn Hell"born` (?), a. Born in or of hell. Shak. Hellbred Hell`bred` (?), a. Produced in hell. Spenser. Hellbrewed Hell"brewed` (?), a. Prepared in hell. Milton. Hellbroth Hell"broth` (?), n. A composition for infernal purposes; a magical preparation. Shak. Hell-cat Hell"-cat ` (?), n. A witch; a hag. Middleton. Hell-diver Hell`-div`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dabchick. Helldoomed Hell`doomed` (?), a. Doomed to hell. Milton. Hellebore Hel"le*bore (?), n. [L. helleborus, elleborus, Gr. hell\'82bore, ell\'82bore.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Helleborus) of the Crowfoot family, mostly having powerfully cathartic and even poisonous qualities. H. niger is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose, blossoming in winter or earliest spring. H. officinalis was the officinal hellebore of the ancients. 2. (Bot.) Any plant of several species of the poisonous liliaceous genus Veratrum, especially V. album and V. viride, both called white hellebore. Helleborein Hel`le*bo"re*in (?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside accompanying helleborin in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a bittersweet taste. It has a strong action on the heart, resembling digitalin. Helleborin Hel*leb"o*rin (? OR ?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside found in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a sharp tingling taste. It possesses the essential virtues of the plant; -- called also elleborin. Helleborism Hel"le*bo*rism (?), n. The practice or theory of using hellebore as a medicine. Hellene Hel"lene (?), n. [Gr. A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a Greek. Brewer. Hellenian Hel*le"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks. Hellenic Hel*len"ic (?; 277), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece; Greek; Grecian. "The Hellenic forces." Jowett (Thucyd. ). Hellenic Hel*len"ic, n. The dialect, formed with slight variations from the Attic, which prevailed among Greek writers after the time of Alexander. Hellenism Hel"len*ism (?), n. [Gr. Hell\'82nisme.] 1. A phrase or form of speech in accordance with genius and construction or idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism. Addison. 2. The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and perfection. Hellenist Hel"len*ist (?), n. [Gr. Hell\'82niste.] 1. One who affiliates with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a person of Jewish extraction who used the Greek language as his mother tongue, as did the Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt; distinguished from the Hebraists, or native Jews (Acts vi. 1). 2. One skilled in the Greek language and literature; as, the critical Hellenist. Hellenistic, Hellenistical Hel`le*nis"tic (?), Hel`le*nis"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. Hell\'82nistique.] Pertaining to the Hellenists. Hellenistic language, dialect, OR idiom, the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who lived in countries where the Greek language prevailed; the Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom of the Septuagint. Hellenistically Hel`le*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. According to the Hellenistic manner or dialect. J. Gregory. Hellenize Hel"len*ize (?), v. i. [Gr. To use the Greek language; to play the Greek; to Grecize. Hellenize Hel"len*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. To give a Greek form or character to; to Grecize; as, to Hellenize a word. Hellenotype Hel*len"o*type (?), n. See Ivorytype. Hellespont Hel"les*pont (?), n. [L. Hellespontus, Gr. A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the Daradanelles. It connects the \'92gean Sea and the sea of Marmora. Hellespontine Hel`les*pon"tine (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Hellespont. Mitford. Hellgamite, Hellgramite Hell"ga*mite (?), Hell"gra*mite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The aquatic larva of a large American winged insect (Corydalus cornutus), much used a fish bait by anglers; the dobson. It belongs to the Neuroptera. Hellhag Hell"hag` (?), n. A hag of or fit for hell. Bp. Richardson. Hell-haunted Hell"-haunt`ed (, a. Haunted by devils; hellish. Dryden. Hellhound Hell"hound` (?), n. [AS. hellehund.] A dog of hell; an agent of hell. A hellhound, that doth hunt us all to death. Shak. Hellier Hel"li*er (?), n. [See Hele, v. t.] One who heles or covers; hence, a tiler, slater, or thatcher. [Obs.] [Written also heler.] Usher. Hellish Hell"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal; malignant; wicked; detestable; diabolical. "Hellish hate." Milton. -- Hell"ish*ly, adv. -- Hell"ish*ness, n. Hellkite Hell"kite` (?), n. A kite of infernal breed. Shak. Hello Hel*lo" (?), interj. & n. See Halloo. Hellward Hell"ward (?), adv. Toward hell. Pope. Helly Hell"y, a. [AS. hell\'c6c.] Hellish. Anderson (1573). Helm Helm (?), n. See Haulm, straw. Helm Helm (?), n. [OE. helme, AS. helma rudder; akin to D. & G. helm, Icel. hj\'belm, and perh. to E. helve.] 1. (Naut.) The apparatus by which a ship is steered, comprising rudder, tiller, wheel, etc.; -- commonly used of the tiller or wheel alone. 2. The place or office of direction or administration. "The helm of the Commonwealth." Melmoth. 3. One at the place of direction or control; a steersman; hence, a guide; a director. The helms o' the State, who care for you like fathers. Shak. 4. [Cf. Helve.] A helve. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Helm amidships, when the tiller, rudder, and keel are in the same plane. -- Helm aport, when the tiller is borne over to the port side of the ship. -- Helm astarboard, when the tiller is borne to the starboard side. -- Helm alee, Helm aweather, when the tiller is borne over to the lee or to the weather side. -- Helm hard alee OR hard aport, hard astarboard, etc., when the tiller is borne over to the extreme limit. -- Helm port, the round hole in a vessel's counter through which the rudderstock passes. -- Helm down, helm alee. -- Helm up, helm aweather. -- To ease the helm, to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to lessen the strain on the rudder. -- To feel the helm, to obey it. -- To right the helm, to put it amidships. -- To shift the helm, to bear the tiller over to the corresponding position on the opposite side of the vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Helm Helm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Helming.] To steer; to guide; to direct. [R.] The business he hath helmed. Shak. A wild wave . . . overbears the bark, And him that helms it. Tennyson. Helm Helm, n. [AS. See Helmet.] 1. A helmet. [Poetic] 2. A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Helm Helm, v. t. To cover or furnish with a helm or helmet. [Perh. used only as a past part. or part. adj.] She that helmed was in starke stours. Chaucer. Helmage Helm"age (?), n. Guidance; direction. [R.] Helmed Helm"ed (?), a. Covered with a helmet. The helmed cherubim Are seen in glittering ranks. Milton. Helmet Hel"met (?), n. [OF. helmet, a dim of helme, F. heaume; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. helm, akin to AS. & OS. helm, D. helm, helmet, Icel. hj\'belmr, Sw. hjelm, Dan. hielm, Goth. hilms; and prob. from the root of AS. helan to hide, to hele; cf. also Lith. szalmas, Russ. shleme, Skr. \'87arman protection. &root;17. Cf. Hele, Hell, Helm a helmet.] 1. (Armor) A defensive covering for the head. See Casque, Headpiece, Morion, Sallet, and Illust. of Beaver. 2. (Her.) The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form. 3. A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firemen, etc., also worn in hot countries as a protection from the heat of the sun. 4. That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.; as: (a) (Chem.) The upper part of a retort. Boyle. (b) (Bot.) The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of some flowers, as of the monkshood or the snapdragon. (c) (Zo\'94l.) A naked shield or protuberance on the top or fore part of the head of a bird. Helmet beetle (Zo\'94l.), a leaf-eating beetle of the family Chrysomelid\'91, having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species are known. -- Helmet shell (Zo\'94l.), one of many species of tropical marine univalve shells belonging to Cassis and allied genera. Many of them are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos, and hence are called cameo shells. See King conch. -- Helmet shrike (Zo\'94l.), an African wood shrike of the genus Prionodon, having a large crest. Helmeted Hel`met*ed (?), a. Wearing a helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet-shaped part; galeate. Helmet-shaped Hel"met-shaped` (, a. Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See Illust. of Galeate. Helminth Hel"minth (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An intestinal worm, or wormlike intestinal parasite; one of the Helminthes. Helminthagogue Hel*min"tha*gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A vermifuge. Helminthes Hel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the grand divisions or branches of the animal kingdom. It is a large group including a vast number of species, most of which are parasitic. Called also Enthelminthes, Enthelmintha. NOTE: &hand; Th e fo llowing cl asses ar e included, with others of less importance: Cestoidea (tapeworms), Trematodea (flukes, etc.), Turbellaria (planarians), Acanthocephala (thornheads), Nematoidea (roundworms, trichina, gordius), Nemertina (nemerteans). See Plathelminthes, and Nemathelminthes. Helminthiasis Hel`min*thi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease in which worms are present in some part of the body. Helminthic Hel*min"thic (?), a. [Cf. F. helminthique.] Of or relating to worms, or Helminthes; expelling worms. -- n. A vermifuge; an anthelmintic. Helminthite Hel*min"thite (?), n. [Gr. (Geol.) One of the sinuous tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and popularly considered as worm trails. Helminthoid Hel*min"thoid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Wormlike; vermiform. Helminthologic, Helminthological Hel*min`tho*log"ic (?), Hel*min`tho*log"ic*al, a. [Cf. F. helminthologique.] Of or pertaining to helminthology. Helminthologist Hel`min*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. helminthologiste.] One versed in helminthology. Helminthology Hel`min*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. helminthologie.] The natural history, or study, of worms, esp. parasitic worms. Helmless Helm"less (?), a. 1. Destitute of a helmet. 2. Without a helm or rudder. Carlyle. Helmsman Helms"man (?), n.; pl. Helmsmen (. The man at the helm; a steersman. Helmwind Helm"wind` (?), n. A wind attending or presaged by the cloud called helm. [Prov. Eng.] Helot He"lot (?; 277), n. [L. Helotes, Hilotae, pl., fr. Gr. E'e`lws and E'elw`ths a bondman or serf of the Spartans; so named from 'Elos, a town of Laconia, whose inhabitants were enslaved; or perh. akin to e`lei^n to take, conquer, used as 2d aor. of A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf; hence, a slave or serf. Those unfortunates, the Helots of mankind, more or less numerous in every community. I. Taylor. Helotism He"lot*ism (?), n. The condition of the Helots or slaves in Sparta; slavery. Helotry He"lot*ry (?), n. The Helots, collectively; slaves; bondsmen. "The Helotry of Mammon." Macaulay. Help Help (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helped (?) (Obs. imp. Holp (, p. p. Holpen (; p. pr. & vb. n. Helping.] [AS. helpan; akin to OS. helpan, D. helpen, G. helfen, OHG. helfan, Icel. hj\'belpa, Sw. hjelpa, Dan. hielpe, Goth. hilpan; cf. Lith. szelpti, and Skr. klp to be fitting.] 1. To furnish with strength or means for the successful performance of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to assist; as, to help a man in his work; to help one to remember; -- the following infinitive is commonly used without to; as, "Help me scale yon balcony." Longfellow. 2. To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; as, to help one in distress; to help one out of prison. "God help, poor souls, how idly do they talk!" Shak. 3. To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease; to be of avail against; -- sometimes with of before a word designating the pain or disease, and sometimes having such a word for the direct object. "To help him of his blindness." <-- now, in is used for that function; -- "to help him in his misery" --> Shak. The true calamus helps coughs. Gerarde. _________________________________________________________________ Page 684 4. To change for the better; to remedy. Cease to lament for what thou canst not help. Shak. 5. To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches, and who can help it? Swift. 6. To forbear; to avoid. I can not help remarking the resemblance betwixt him and our author. Pope. <-- often used with "but" --> 7. To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving and passing food. To help forward, to assist in advancing. -- To help off, to help to go or pass away, as time; to assist in removing. Locke. -- To help on, to forward; to promote by aid. -- To help out, to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to aid in completing a design or task. The god of learning and of light Would want a god himself to help him out. Swift. -- To help over, to enable to surmount; as, to help one over an obstacle. -- To help to, to supply with; to furnish with; as, to help one to soup. -- To help up, to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as after a fall, and the like. "A man is well holp up that trusts to you." Shak. Syn. -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support; sustain; befriend. -- To Help, Aid, Assist. These words all agree in the idea of affording relief or support to a person under difficulties. Help turns attention especially to the source of relief. If I fall into a pit, I call for help; and he who helps me out does it by an act of his own. Aid turns attention to the other side, and supposes co\'94peration on the part of him who is relieved; as, he aided me in getting out of the pit; I got out by the aid of a ladder which he brought. Assist has a primary reference to relief afforded by a person who "stands by" in order to relieve. It denotes both help and aid. Thus, we say of a person who is weak, I assisted him upstairs, or, he mounted the stairs by my assistance. When help is used as a noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the source of relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with aid. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the help of my friend. Help Help (?), v. i. To lend aid or assistance; to contribute strength or means; to avail or be of use; to assist. A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an agreeable person. Garth. To help out, to lend aid; to bring a supply. Help Help, n. [AS. help; akin to D. hulp, G. h\'81lfe, hilfe, Icel. hj\'belp, Sw. hjelp, Dan. hielp. See Help, v. t.] 1. Strength or means furnished toward promoting an object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also, the person or thing furnishing the aid; as, he gave me a help of fifty dollars. Give us help from trouble, for vain is the help of man. Ps. lx. 11. God is . . . a very present help in trouble. Ps. xlvi. 1. Virtue is a friend and a help to nature. South. 2. Remedy; relief; as, there is no help for it. 3. A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew hole force of hired helpers in any business. 4. Specifically, a domestic servant, man or woman. [Local, U. S.] Helper Help"er (?), n. One who, or that which, helps, aids, assists, or relieves; as, a lay helper in a parish. Thou art the helper of the fatherless. Ps. x. 14. Compassion . . . oftentimes a helper of evils. Dr. H. More. Helpful Help"ful (?), a. Furnishing help; giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary. Heavens make our presence and our practices Pleasant and helpful to him! Shak. -- Help"ful*ly, adv. -- Help"ful*ness, n. Milton. Helpless Help"less, a. 1. Destitute of help or strength; unable to help or defend one's self; needing help; feeble; weak; as, a helpless infant. How shall I then your helpless fame defend? Pope. 2. Beyond help; irremediable. Some helpless disagreement or dislike, either of mind or body. Milton. 3. Bringing no help; unaiding. [Obs.] Yet since the gods have been Helpless foreseers of my plagues. Chapman. 4. Unsupplied; destitute; -- with of. [R.] Helpless of all that human wants require. Dryden. -- Help"less*ly, adv. -- Help"less*ness, n. Helpmate Help"mate` (?), n. [A corruption of the "help meet for him" of Genesis ii. 18.Fitzedward Hall.] A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife. In Minorca the ass and the hog are common helpmates, and are yoked together in order to turn up the land. Pennant. A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable helpmate for a parson. Macaulay. Helpmeet Help"meet` (?), n. [See Helpmate.] A wife; a helpmate. The Lord God created Adam, . . . and afterwards, on his finding the want of a helpmeet, caused him to sleep, and took one of his ribs and thence made woman. J. H. Newman. Helter-skelter Hel"ter-skel"ter (?), adv. [An onomatholter-polter, D. holder de bolder.] In hurry and confusion; without definite purpose; irregularly. [Colloq.] Helter-skelter have I rode to thee. Shak. A wistaria vine running helter-skelter across the roof. J. C. Harris. Helve Helve (?), n. [OE. helve, helfe, AS. hielf, helf, hylf, cf. OHG. halb; and also E. halter, helm of a rudder.] 1. The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze. 2. (Iron Working) (a) The lever at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge hammer. (b) A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting on the helve between the fulcrum and the head. Helve Helve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Helving.] To furnish with a helve, as an ax. Helvetian Hel*ve"tian (?), a. Same as Helvetic. -- n. A Swiss; a Switzer. Helvetic Hel*ve"tic (?), a. [L. Helveticus, fr. Helvetii the Helvetii.] Of or pertaining to the Helvetii, the ancient inhabitant of the Alps, now Switzerland, or to the modern states and inhabitant of the Alpine regions; as, the Helvetic confederacy; Helvetic states. Helvine, Helvite Hel"vine (?), Hel"vite (?), n. [L. helvus of a light bay color.] (Min.) A mineral of a yellowish color, consisting chiefly of silica, glucina, manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur. Hem Hem (?), pron. [OE., fr. AS. him, heom, dative pl. of. h he. See He, They.] Them [Obs.] Chaucer. Hem Hem, interj. An onomatopoetic word used as an expression of hesitation, doubt, etc. It is often a sort of voluntary half cough, loud or subdued, and would perhaps be better expressed by hm. Cough or cry hem, if anybody come. Shak. Hem Hem, n. An utterance or sound of the voice, hem or hm, often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention. "His morning hems." Spectator. Hem Hem, v. i. [Hem, interj.] To make the sound expressed by the word hem; hence, to hesitate in speaking. "Hem, and stroke thy beard." Shak. Hem Hem, n. [AS. hem, border, margin; cf. Fries. h\'84mel, Prov. G. hammel hem of mire or dirt.] 1. The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled over and sewed, to strengthen raveling. 2. Border; edge; margin. "Hem of the sea." Shak. 3. A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling over the edge of the sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp edge. Hem Hem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hemming.] 1. To form a hem or border to; to fold and sew down the edge of. Wordsworth. 2. To border; to edge All the skirt about Was hemmed with golden fringe. Spenser. To hem about, around, OR in, to inclose and confine; to surround; to environ. "With valiant squadrons round about to hem." Fairfax. "Hemmed in to be a spoil to tyranny." Daniel. -- To hem out, to shut out. "You can not hem me out of London." J. Webster. Hema- Hem"a- (?). Same as H\'91ma-. Hemachate Hem"a*chate (?), n. [L. haemachates; Gr. (Min.) A species of agate, sprinkled with spots of red jasper. Hemachrome Hem"a*chrome (?), n. Same as H\'91machrome. Hemacite Hem"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] A composition made from blood, mixed with mineral or vegetable substances, used for making buttons, door knobs, etc. Hemadrometer, Hemadromometer Hem`a*drom"e*ter (?), Hem`a*dro*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hema- + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity with which the blood moves in the arteries.<-- now hemodromometer --> Hemadrometry, Hemadromometry Hem`a*drom`e*try (?), Hem`a*dro*mom"e*try (?), n. (Physiol.) The act of measuring the velocity with which the blood circulates in the arteries; h\'91motachometry. Hemadynamics He`ma*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Hema- + dynamics.] (Physiol.) The principles of dynamics in their application to the blood; that part of science which treats of the motion of the blood. Hemadynamometer He`ma*dy"na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hema- + dynamometr.] (Physiol.) An instrument by which the pressure of the blood in the arteries, or veins, is measured by the height to which it will raise a column of mercury; -- called also a h\'91momanometer. Hemal He"mal (?), a. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] Relating to the blood or blood vessels; pertaining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the heart and great blood vessels; -- opposed to neural. NOTE: &hand; As ap plied to ve rtebrates, he mal is th e same as ventral, the heart and great blood vessels being on the ventral, and the central nervous system on the dorsal, side of the vertebral column. Hemal arch (Anat.), the ventral arch in a segment of the spinal skeleton, formed by vertebral processes or ribs. Hemaph\'91in Hem`a*ph\'91"in (?), n. Same as H\'91maph\'91in. Hemapophysis Hem`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hemapophyses . [NL. See H\'91ma-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) The second element in each half of a hemal arch, corresponding to the sternal part of a rib. Owen. -- Hem`a*po*phys"i*al (#), a. Hemastatic, Hemastatical Hem`a*stat"ic (?), Hem`a*stat"ic*al (?), a. & n. Same as Hemostatic. Hemastatics Hem`a*stat"ics (?), n. (Physiol.) Laws relating to the equilibrium of the blood in the blood vessels. Hematachometer Hem`a*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. Same as H\'91matachometer. Hematein Hem`a*te"in (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A reddish brown or violet crystalline substance, C16H12O6, got from hematoxylin by partial oxidation, and regarded as analogous to the phthaleins. Hematemesis Hem`a*tem"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + (Med.) A vomiting of blood. Hematherm Hem"a*therm (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood + (Zo\'94l.) A warm-blooded animal. [R.] Hemathermal Hem`a*ther"mal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Warm-blooded; hematothermal. [R] Hematic He*mat"ic (?), a. Same as H\'91matic. Hematic He*mat"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine designed to improve the condition of the blood. Hematin Hem"a*tin (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] 1. Hematoxylin. 2. (Physiol. Chem.) A bluish black, amorphous substance containing iron and obtained from blood. It exists the red blood corpuscles united with globulin, and the form of hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin gives to the blood its red color. Hematinometer Hem`a*ti*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Hematin + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.) A form of hemoglobinometer. Hematinometric Hem`a*tin`o*met"ric (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to the measurement of the amount of hematin or hemoglobin contained in blood, or other fluids. Hematinon He*mat"i*non (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] A red consisting of silica, borax, and soda, fused with oxide of copper and iron, and used in enamels, mosaics, etc. Hematite Hem"a*tite (?), n. [L. haematites, Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] (Min.) An important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of the red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; -- the last called red ocher. Called also specular iron, oligist iron, rhombohedral iron ore, and bloodstone. See Brown hematite, under Brown. Hematitic Hem`a*tit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hematite, or resembling it. Hemato Hem"a*to (?). See H\'91ma-. Hematocele He*mat"o*cele (?), n. [Hemato- + Gr. h\'82matoc\'8ale.] (Med.) A tumor filled with blood. Hematocrya Hem`a*toc"ry*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + kry`os cold.] (Zo\'94l.) The cold-blooded vertebrates, that is, all but the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to Hematotherma. Hematocrystallin Hem`a*to*crys"tal*lin (?), n. [Hemato + crystalline.] (Physiol.) See Hemoglobin. Hematoid Hem"a*toid (?), a. [Hemato- + -oid.] (Physiol.) Resembling blood. Hematoidin Hem`a*toid"in (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline or amorphous pigment, free from iron, formed from hematin in old blood stains, and in old hemorrhages in the body. It resembles bilirubin. When present in the corpora lutea it is called h\'91molutein. Hematology Hem`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Hemato- + -logy.] The science which treats of the blood. Hematoma Hem`a*to"ma (?), n. [NL. See Hema-, and -oma.] (Med.) A circumscribed swelling produced by an effusion of blood beneath the skin. Hematophilia Hem`a*to*phil"i*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + (Med.) A condition characterized by a tendency to profuse and uncontrollable hemorrhage from the slightest wounds.<-- = hemophilia --> Hematosin Hem`a*to"sin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) The hematin of blood. [R.] Hematosis Hem`a*to"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"ima`twsis.] (Physiol.) (a) Sanguification; the conversion of chyle into blood. (b) The arterialization of the blood in the lungs; the formation of blood in general; h\'91matogenesis. Hematotherma Hem`a*to*ther"ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + thermo`s warm.] (Zo\'94l.) The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to hematocrya. Hematothermal Hem"a*to*ther"mal (?), a. Warm-blooded. Hematoxylin Hem`a*tox"y*lin (?), n. H\'91matoxylin. Hematuria Hem`a*tu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Hema-, and Urine.] (Med.) Passage of urine mingled with blood. Hemautography Hem`au*tog"ra*phy (?), n. (Physiol.) The obtaining of a curve similar to a pulse curve or sphygmogram by allowing the blood from a divided artery to strike against a piece of paper. Hemelytron OR, Hemelytrum Hem*el"y*tron (? OR ?), Hem*el"y*trum (-tr&ucr;m cf. Elytron, 277),, n.; pl. Hemelytra (. [NL. See Hemi, and Elytron.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the partially thickened anterior wings of certain insects, as of many Hemiptera, the earwigs, etc. Hemeralopia Hem`e*ra*lo"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Nyctalopia.] (Med.) A disease of the eyes, in consequence of which a person can see clearly or without pain only by daylight or a strong artificial light; day sight. NOTE: &hand; So me wr iters (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, i. e., day blindness. See Nyctalopia. Hemerobian Hem`er*o"bi*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A neuropterous insect of the genus Hemerobius, and allied genera. Hemerobid He*mer"o*bid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of relating to the hemerobians. Hemerocallis Hem`e*ro*cal"lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of which are cultivated for their beautiful flowers; day lily. Hemi- Hem"i- (?). [Gr. "hmi-. See Semi-.] A prefix signifying half. Hemialbumin Hem`i*al*bu"min (?), n. [Hemi- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Hemialbumose. Hemialbumose Hem`i*al"bu"mose` (?), n. [Hemi- + albumose.] (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous substance formed in gastric digestion, and by the action of boiling dilute acids on albumin. It is readily convertible into hemipeptone. Called also hemialbumin. Hemian\'91sthesia Hem`i*an`\'91s*the"si*a (?), n. [Hemi- + an\'91sthesia.] (Med.) An\'91sthesia upon one side of the body. Hemibranchi Hem`i*bran"chi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hemi-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes having an incomplete or reduced branchial apparatus. It includes the sticklebacks, the flutemouths, and Fistularia. Hemicardia Hem`i*car"di*a (?), n. [NL. See Hemi-, and Cardia.] (Anat.) A lateral half of the heart, either the right or left. B. G. Wilder. Hemicarp Hem`i*carp (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. (Bot.) One portion of a fruit that spontaneously divides into halves. Hemicerebrum Hem`i*cer"e*brum (?), n. [Hemi- + cerebrum.] (Anat.) A lateral half of the cerebrum. Wilder. Hemicollin Hem`i*col"lin (?), n. [Hemi- + collin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Semiglutin. Hemicrania Hem`i*cra"ni*a (?), n. [L.: cf. F. h\'82micr\'83nie. See Cranium, and Megrim.] (Med.) A pain that affects only one side of the head. Hemicrany Hem"i*cra`ny (?), n. (Med.) Hemicranis. Hemicycle Hem"i*cy`cle (?), n. [L. hemicyclus, Gr. 1. A half circle; a semicircle. _________________________________________________________________ Page 685 2. A semicircular place, as a semicircular arena, or room, or part of a room. The collections will be displayed in the hemicycle of the central pavilion. London Academy. Hemidactyl Hem`i*dac"tyl (?), n. [See Hemi-, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Old World geckoes of the genus Hemidactylus. The hemidactyls have dilated toes, with two rows of plates beneath. Hemi-demi-semiquaver Hem`i-dem`i-sem"i*quaver (?), n. [Hemi- + demi-semiquaver.] (Mus.) A short note, equal to one fourth of a semiquaver, or the sixty-fourth part of a whole note. Hemiditone Hem`i*di"tone (?), n. [Hemi- + ditone.] (Gr. Mus.) The lesser third. Busby. Hemigamous He*mig"a*mous (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. (Bot.) Having one of the two florets in the same spikelet neuter, and the other unisexual, whether male or female; -- said of grasses. Hemiglyph Hem"i*glyph (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. (Arch.) The half channel or groove in the edge of the triglyph in the Doric order. Hemihedral Hem`i*he"dral (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. (Crystallog.) Having half of the similar parts of a crystals, instead of all; consisting of half the planes which full symmetry would require, as when a cube has planes only on half of its eight solid angles, or one plane out of a pair on each of its edges; or as in the case of a tetrahedron, which is hemihedral to an octahedron, it being contained under four of the planes of an octahedron. -- Hem`i*he"dral*ly, adv. Hemihedrism Hem`i*he"drism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The property of crystallizing hemihedrally. Hemihedron Hem`i*he"dron (?), n. (Crystallog.) A solid hemihedrally derived. The tetrahedron is a hemihedron. Hemiholohedral Hem`i*hol`o*he"dral (?), a. [Hemi- + holohedral.] (Crystallog.) Presenting hemihedral forms, in which half the sectants have the full number of planes. Hemimellitic Hem`i*mel*lit"ic (?), a. [Hemi- + mellitic.] (Chem.) Having half as many (three) carboxyl radicals as mellitic acid; -- said of an organic acid. Hemimetabola Hem`i*me*tab"o*la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hemi-, and Metabola.] (Zo\'94l.) Those insects which have an incomplete metamorphosis. Hemimetabolic Hem`i*met`a*bol"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having an incomplete metamorphosis, the larv\'91 differing from the adults chiefly in laking wings, as in the grasshoppers and cockroaches. Hemimorphic Hem`i*mor"phic (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. (Crystallog.) Having the two ends modified with unlike planes; -- said of a crystal. Hemin He"min (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance, in the form of reddish brown, microscopic, prismatic crystals, formed from dried blood by the action of strong acetic acid and common salt; -- called also Teichmann's crystals. Chemically, it is a hydrochloride of hematin. NOTE: &hand; Th e obtaining of these small crystals, from old blood clots or suspected blood stains, constitutes one of the best evidences of the presence of blood. Hemina He*mi"na (?), n.; pl. Hemin\'91 (#). [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A measure of half a sextary. Arbuthnot. 2. (Med.) A measure equal to about ten fluid ounces. Hemionus He*mi"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A wild ass found in Thibet; the kiang. Darwin. Hemiopia, Hemiopsia Hem`i*o"pi*a (?), Hem`i*op"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A defect of vision in consequence of which a person sees but half of an object looked at. Hemiorthotype Hem`i*or"tho*type (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. -type.] Same as Monoclinic. Hemipeptone Hem`i*pep"tone (?), n. [Hemi- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.) A product of the gastric and pancreatic digestion of albuminous matter. NOTE: &hand; Un like an tipeptone it is convertible into leucin and tyrosin, by the continued action of pancreatic juice. See Peptone. It is also formed from hemialbumose and albumin by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid. Hemiplegia Hem`i*ple"gi*a (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. h\'82miplagie.] (Med.) A palsy that affects one side only of the body. -- Hem`i"pleg"ic (#), a. Hemiplegy Hem"i*ple`gy (?), n. (Med.) Hemiplegia. Hemipode Hem"i*pode (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Turnix. Various species inhabit Asia, Africa, and Australia. Hemiprotein Hem`i*pro"te*in (?), n. [Hemi- + protein.] (Physiol. Chem.) An insoluble, proteid substance, described by Sch\'81tzenberger, formed when albumin is heated for some time with dilute sulphuric acid. It is apparently identical with antialbumid and dyspeptone. Hemipter He*mip"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. h\'82mipt\'8ares, pl.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hemiptera. Hemiptera He*mip"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of hexapod insects having a jointed proboscis, including four sharp stylets (mandibles and maxill\'91), for piercing. In many of the species (Heteroptera) the front wings are partially coriaceous, and different from the others. NOTE: &hand; Th ey ar e divided into the Heteroptera, including the squash bug, soldier bug, bedbug, etc.; the Homoptera, including the cicadas, cuckoo spits, plant lice, scale insects, etc.; the Thysanoptera, including the thrips, and, according to most recent writers, the Pediculina or true lice. Hemipteral, Hemipterous He*mip"ter*al (?), He*mip"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Hemiptera. Hemipteran He*mip"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hemiptera; an hemipter. Hemisect Hem`i*sect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemisected; p. pr. & vb. n. Hemisecting.] [Hemi- + L. secare to cut.] (Anat.) To divide along the mesial plane. Hemisection Hem`i*sec"tion (?), n. (Anat.) A division along the mesial plane; also, one of the parts so divided. Hemisphere Hem"i*sphere (?), n. [L. hemisphaerium, Gr. h\'82misph\'8are. See Hemi-, and Sphere.] 1. A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its center. 2. Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a map or picture. 3. The people who inhabit a hemisphere. He died . . . mourned by a hemisphere. J. P. Peters. ten Cerebral hemispheres. (Anat.) See Brain. -- Magdeburg hemispheres (Physics), two hemispherical cups forming, when placed together, a cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by an air pump; -- used to illustrate the pressure of the air. So called because invented by Otto von Guericke at Magdeburg. Hemispheric, Hemispherical Hem`i*spher"ic (?), Hem`i*spher"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. h\'82misph\'82rique.] Containing, or pertaining to, a hemisphere; as, a hemispheric figure or form; a hemispherical body. Hemispheroid Hem`i*sphe"roid (?), n. [Hemi- + spheroid.] A half of a spheroid. Hemispheroidal Hem`i*sphe*roid"al (?), a. Resembling, or approximating to, a hemisphere in form. Hemispherule Hem`i*spher"ule (?), n. A half spherule. Hemistich Hem"i*stich (?; 277), n. [L. hemistichium, Gr. "hmisti`chion; "hmi- half + sti`chos row, line, verse: cf. F. h\'82mistiche.] Half a poetic verse or line, or a verse or line not completed. Hemistichal He*mis"ti*chal (?), a. Pertaining to, or written in, hemistichs; also, by, or according to, hemistichs; as, a hemistichal division of a verse. Hemisystole Hem`i*sys"to*le (?), n. (Physiol.) Contraction of only one ventricle of the heart. NOTE: &hand; He misystole is noticed in rare cases of insufficiency of the mitral valve, in which both ventricles at times contract simultaneously, as in a normal heart, this condition alternating with contraction of the right ventricle alone; hence, intermittent hemisystole. Hemitone Hem"i*tone (?), n. [L. hemitonium, Gr. See Semitone. Hemitropal, Hemitropous He*mit"ro*pal (?), He*mit"ro*pous (?), a. [See Hemitrope.] 1. Turned half round; half inverted. 2. (Bot.) Having the raphe terminating about half way between the chalaza and the orifice; amphitropous; -- said of an ovule. Gray. Hemitrope Hem"i*trope (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. h\'82mitrope.] Half turned round; half inverted; (Crystallog.) having a twinned structure. Hemitrope Hem"i*trope, n. That which is hemitropal in construction; (Crystallog.) a twin crystal having a hemitropal structure. Hemitropy He*mit"ro*py (?), n. (Crystallog.) Twin composition in crystals. Hemlock Hem"lock (?), n. [OE. hemeluc, humloc, AS. hemlic, hymlic.] 1. (Bot.) The name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs having finely cut leaves and small white flowers, as the Cicuta maculata, bulbifera, and virosa, and the Conium maculatum. See Conium. NOTE: &hand; Th e po tion of hemlock administered to Socrates is by some thought to have been a decoction of Cicuta virosa, or water hemlock, by others, of Conium maculatum. 2. (Bot.) An evergreen tree common in North America (Abies, OR Tsuga, Canadensis); hemlock spruce. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks. Longfellow. 3. The wood or timber of the hemlock tree. Ground hemlock, OR Dwarf hemlock. See under Ground. Hemmel Hem"mel (?), n. [Scot. hemmel, hammel, Prov. E. hemble hovel, stable, shed, perh. allied to D. hemel heaven, canopy, G. himmel; cf. E. heaven. A shed or hovel for cattle. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Hemmer Hem"mer (?), n. One who, or that which, hems with a needle. Specifically: (a) An attachment to a sewing machine, for turning under the edge of a piece of fabric, preparatory to stitching it down. (b) A tool for turning over the edge of sheet metal to make a hem. Hemo- Hem"o- (?). Same as H\'91ma-, H\'91mo-. Hemoglobin Hem"o*glo"bin (?), n. [Hemo- + globe.] (Physiol.) The normal coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles of vertebrate animals. It is composed of hematin and globulin, and is also called h\'91matoglobulin. In arterial blood, it is always combined with oxygen, and is then called oxyhemoglobin. It crystallizes under different forms from different animals, and when crystallized, is called h\'91matocrystallin. See Blood crystal, under Blood. Hemoglobinometer Hem`o*glo"bin*om"e*ter (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as H\'91mochromometer. Hemophilia Hem`o*phil"i*a (?), n. See Hematophilia. Hemoptysis He*mop"ty*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. h\'82moptysie.] (Med.) The expectoration of blood, due usually to hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the lungs. Hemorrhage Hem"or*rhage (?), n. [L. haemorrhagia, Gr. h\'82morriage, h\'82morrhagie.] (Med.) Any discharge of blood from the blood vessels. NOTE: &hand; Th e blood circulates in a system of closed tubes, the rupture of which gives rise to hemorrhage. Hemorrhagic Hem`or*rhag"ic (?), a. [Gr. h\'82morrhagique.] Pertaining or tending to a flux o Hemorrhoidal Hem`or*rhoid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. h\'82morro\'8bdal, h\'82morrho\'8bdal.] 1. Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, hemorrhoids. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rectum; rectal; as, the hemorrhoidal arteries, veins, and nerves. Hemorrhoids Hem"or*rhoids (?), n. pl. [L. haemorrhoidae, pl., Gr. h\'82morro\'8bdes, h\'82morrho\'8bdes. See Rheum.] (Med.) Livid and painful swellings formed by the dilation of the blood vessels around the margin of, or within, the anus, from which blood or mucus is occasionally discharged; piles; emerods. [The sing. hemorrhoid is rarely used.] Hemostatic Hem`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Hemo- + Gr. ets> 1. (Med.) Of or relating to stagnation of the blood. 2. Serving to arrest hemorrhage; styptic. Hemostatic Hem`o*stat"ic, n. A medicine or application to arrest hemorrhage. Hemoothorax Hemo"o*tho"rax (?), n. [NL. See Hemo-, and Thorax.] (Med.) An effusion of blood into the cavity of the pleura. Hemp Hemp (?), n. [OE. hemp, AS. henep, h\'91nep; akin to D. hennep, OHG. hanaf, G. hanf, Icel. hampr, Dan. hamp, Sw. hampa, L. cannabis, cannabum, Gr. conoplia, Skr. a; all prob. borrowed from some other language at an early time. Cf. Cannabine, Canvas.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Cannabis (C. sativa), the fibrous skin or bark of which is used for making cloth and cordage. The name is also applied to various other plants yielding fiber. 2. The fiber of the skin or rind of the plant, prepared for spinning. The name has also been extended to various fibers resembling the true hemp. African hemp, Bowstring hemp. See under African, and Bowstring. -- Bastard hemp, the Asiatic herb Datisca cannabina. -- Canada hemp, a species of dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum), the fiber of which was used by the Indians. -- Hemp agrimony, a coarse, composite herb of Europe (Eupatorium cannabinum), much like the American boneset. -- Hemp nettle, a plant of the genus Galeopsis (G. Tetrahit), belonging to the Mint family. -- Indian hemp. See under Indian, a. -- Manila hemp, the fiber of Musa textilis. -- Sisal hemp, the fiber of Agave sisalana, of Mexico and Yucatan. -- Sunn hemp, a fiber obtained from a leguminous plant (Crotalaria juncea). -- Water hemp, an annual American weed (Acnida cannabina), related to the amaranth. Hempen Hemp"en (?), a. 1. Made of hemp; as, a hempen cord. 2. Like hemp. "Beat into a hempen state." Cook. Hempy Hemp"y (?), a. Like hemp. [R.] Howell. Hemself, Hemselve , Hemselven Hem*self" (?), Hem*selve" (, Hem*selv"en (, pron. pl. [See Hem, pron.] Themselves; -- used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hemstitch Hem"stitch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemstitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hemstitching.] [Hem + stitch.] To ornament at the head of a broad hem by drawing out a few parallel threads, and fastening the cross threads in successive small clusters; as, to hemstitch a handkerchief. Hemstitched Hem"stitched (?), a. Having a broad hem separated from the body of the article by a line of open work; as, a hemistitched handkerchief. Hemuse He"muse (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The roebuck in its third year. [Prov. Eng.] Hen Hen (?), n. [AS. henn, hen, h\'91n; akin to D. hen, OHG. henna, G. henne, Icel. hna, Dan. h\'94na; the fem. corresponding to AS. hana cock, D. haan, OHG. hano, G. hahn, Icel. hani, Dan. & Sw. hane. Prob. akin to L. canere to sing, and orig. meaning, a singer. Cf. Chanticleer.] (Zo\'94l.) The female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse, pheasants, or any kind of birds; as, the heath hen; the gray hen. NOTE: &hand; Us ed ad jectively or in combination to indicate the female; as, hen canary, hen eagle, hen turkey, peahen. Hen clam. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A clam of the Mactra, and allied genera; the sea clam or surf clam. See Surf clam. (b) A California clam of the genus Pachydesma. -- Hen driver. See Hen harrier (below). -- Hen harrier (Zo\'94l.), a hawk (Circus cyaneus), found in Europe and America; -- called also dove hawk, henharm, henharrow, hen driver, and usually, in America, marsh hawk. See Marsh hawk. -- Hen hawk (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of large hawks which capture hens; esp., the American red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis), the red-shouldered hawk (B. lineatus), and the goshawk. Henbane Hen"bane` (?), n. [Hen + bane.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Hyoscyamus (H. niger). All parts of the plant are poisonous, and the leaves are used for the same purposes as belladonna. It is poisonous to domestic fowls; whence the name. Called also, stinking nightshade, from the fetid odor of the plant. See Hyoscyamus. Henbit Hen"bit` (?), n. (Bot.) A weed of the genus Lamium (L. amplexicaule) with deeply crenate leaves. Hence Hence (?), adv. [OE. hennes, hens (the s is prop. a genitive ending; cf. -wards), also hen, henne, hennen, heonnen, heonene, AS. heonan, heonon, heona, hine; akin to OHG. hinn\'ben, G. hinnen, OHG. hina, G. hin; all from the root of E. he. See He.] 1. From this place; away. "Or that we hence wend." Chaucer. Arise, let us go hence. John xiv. 31. I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles. Acts xxii. 21. 2. From this time; in the future; as, a week hence. "Half an hour hence." Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 686 3. From this reason; as an inference or deduction. Hence, perhaps, it is, that Solomon calls the fear of the Lord the beginning of wisdom. Tillotson. 4. From this source or origin. All other faces borrowed hence Their light and grace. Suckling. Whence come wars and fightings among you? Come they not hence, even of your lusts? James. iv. 1. NOTE: &hand; He nce is used, elliptically and imperatively, for go hence; depart hence; away; be gone. "Hence with your little ones." Shak. -- From hence, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the usage of good writers. <-- raus! --> An ancient author prophesied from hence. Dryden. Expelled from hence into a world Of woe and sorrow. Milton. Hence Hence (?), v. t. To send away. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Henceforth Hence`forth" (?), adv. From this time forward; henceforward. I never from thy side henceforth to stray. Milton. Henceforward Hence`for"ward (?), adv. From this time forward; henceforth. Henchboy Hench"boy` (?), n. A page; a servant. [Obs.] Henchman Hench"man (?), n.; pl. -men (#). [OE. hencheman, henxman; prob. fr. OE. & AS. hengest horse + E. man, and meaning, a groom. AS. hengest is akin to D. & G. hengst stallion, OHG. hengist horse, gelding.] An attendant; a servant; a follower. Now chiefly used as a political cant term. Hencoop Hen"coop` (?), n. A coop or cage for hens. Hende Hende (?), a. [OE., near, handy, kind, fr. AS. gehende near, fr. hand hand. See Handy.] 1. Skillful; dexterous; clever. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Friendly; civil; gentle; kind. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hendecagon Hen*dec"a*gon (?), n. [Gr. hend\'82cagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure of eleven sides and eleven angles. [Written also endecagon.] Hendecane Hen"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. "e`ndeka eleven.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the paraffin series; -- so called because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule. Called also endecane, undecane. Hendecasyllabic Hen*dec`a*syl*lab"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a line of eleven syllables. Hendecasyllable Hen*dec"a*syl`la*ble (?), n. [L. hendecasyllabus, Gr. hend\'82casyllabe.] A metrical line of eleven syllables. J. Warton. Hendecatoic Hen*dec`a*to"ic (?), a. [See Hendecane.] (Chem.) Undecylic; pertaining to, or derived from, hendecane; as, hendecatoic acid. Hendiadys Hen*di"a*dys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gram.) A figure in which the idea is expressed by two nouns connected by and, instead of by a noun and limiting adjective; as, we drink from cups and gold, for golden cups. Hendy Hen"dy (?), a. [Obs.] See Hende. Henen Hen"en (?), adv. Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer. Henfish Hen"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine fish; the sea bream. (b) A young bib. See Bib, n., 2. Heng Heng (?), obs. imp. of Hang. Hung. Chaucer. Hen-hearted Hen"-heart`ed (?), a. Cowardly; timid; chicken-hearted. Udall. Henhouse Hen"house` (?), n.; pl. Henhouses. A house or shelter for fowls. Henhussy Hen"hus`sy (?), n. A cotquean; a man who intermeddles with women's concerns. Heniquen He*ni"quen (?), n. See Jeniquen. Henna Hen"na (?), n. [Ar. hinn\'be alcanna (Lawsonia inermis or alba). Cf. Alcanna, Alkanet, Orchanet.] 1. (Bot.) A thorny tree or shrub of the genus Lawsonia (L. alba). The fragrant white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious ceremonies. The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in the East to stain the hails and fingers, the manes of horses, etc. 2. (Com.) The leaves of the henna plant, or a preparation or dyestuff made from them. Hennery Hen"ner*y (?), n. An inclosed place for keeping hens. [U. S.] Hennes Hen"nes (?), adv. Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hennotannic Hen`no*tan"nic (?), a. [Henna + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a brown resinous substance resembling tannin, and extracted from the henna plant; as, hennotannic acid. Henoge ny, Henogenesis He*nog"e* ny (?), Hen`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) Same as Ontogeny. Henotheism Hen"o*the*ism (?), n. [Gr. theism.] Primitive religion in which each of several divinities is regarded as independent, and is worshiped reference to the rest. [R.] Henotic He*not"ic (?), a. [Gr. Harmonizing; irenic. Gladstone. Henpeck Hen"peck` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Henpecked (?); p. pr. & vb. Henpecking.] To subject to petty authority; -- said of a wife who thus treats her husband. Commonly used in the past participle (often adjectively). Henroost Hen"roost` (?), n. A place where hens roost. Henry Hen"ry (?), n.; pl. Henrys. [From Joseph Henry, an American physicist.] The unit of electric induction; the induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced in this circuit is one volt, while the inducing current varies at the rate of one amp\'8are a second. Hen's-foot Hen's-foot` (, n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Caucalis daucoides). Hent Hent (?), v. t. [imp. Hente; p. p. Hent.] [OE. hente, henten, fr. AS. hentan, gehentan, to pursue, take, seize; cf. Icel. henda, Goth. hinpan (in compos.), and E. hunt.] To seize; to lay hold on; to catch; to get. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Spenser. This cursed Jew him hente and held him fast. Chaucer. But all that he might of his friendes hente On bookes and on learning he it spente. Chaucer. Henware Hen"ware` (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse, blackish seaweed. See Badderlocks. Henxman Henx"man (?), n. Henchman. [Obs.] Hep Hep (?), n. See Hip, the fruit of the dog-rose. Hepar He"par (?), n. [L. hepar, hepatis, the liver, Gr. 1. (Old Chem.) Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown color, sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium), and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides. Called also hepar sulphuris (. 2. Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance; specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also hepar sulphuris calcareum ( Hepar antimonii ( (Old Chem.), a substance, of a liver-brown color, obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide with alkaline sulphides, and consisting of sulphantimonites of the alkalies; -- called also liver of antimony. Hepatic He*pat"ic (?), a. [L. hepaticus, Gr. jecur, Skr. yak: cf. F. h\'82patique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the liver; as, hepatic artery; hepatic diseases. 2. Resembling the liver in color or in form; as, hepatic cinnabar. 3. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the plants called Hepatic\'91, or scale mosses and liverworts. Hepatic duct (Anat.), any biliary duct; esp., the duct, or one of the ducts, which carries the bile from the liver to the cystic and common bile ducts. See Illust., under Digestive. -- Hepatic gas (Old Chem.), sulphureted hydrogen gas. -- Hepatic mercurial ore, OR Hepatic cinnabar. See under Cinnabar. Hepatica He*pat"i*ca (?), n.; pl. Hepatic\'91 (#). [NL. See Hepatic. So called in allusion to the shape of the lobed leaves or fronds.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of pretty spring flowers closely related to Anemone; squirrel cup. 2. (bot.) Any plant, usually procumbent and mosslike, of the cryptogamous class Hepatic\'91; -- called also scale moss and liverwort. See Hepatic\'91, in the Supplement. Hepatical He*pat"ic*al, a. Hepatic. [R.] Hepatite Hep"a*tite (?; 277), n. [L. hepatitis an unknown precious stone, Gr. h\'82patite.] (Min.) A variety of barite emitting a fetid odor when rubbed or heated. Hepatitis Hep`a*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the liver. Hepatization Hep`a*ti*za"tion (?), n. 1. (Chem.) Impregnating with sulphureted hydrogen gas. [Obs.] 2. [Cf. F. h\'82patisation.] (Med.) Conversion into a substance resembling the liver; a state of the lungs when gorged with effused matter, so that they are no longer pervious to the air. Hepatize Hep"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hepatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hepatizing (?).] [Gr. hepatite, and (for sense 2) F. h\'82patiser.] 1. To impregnate with sulphureted hydrogen gas, formerly called hepatic gas. On the right . . . were two wells of hepatized water. Barrow. 2. To gorge with effused matter, as the lungs. Hepatocele He*pat"o*cele (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Hernia of the liver. Hepatocystic Hep`a*to*cys"tic (?), a. [Hepatic + cystic.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the liver and gall bladder; as, the hepatocystic ducts. Hepatogastric Hep`a*to*gas"tric (?), a. [Hepatic + gastric.] (Anat.) See Gastrohepatic. Hepatogenic, Hepatogenous Hep`a*to*gen"ic (?), Hep`a*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + root of gi`gnesthai to be born] (Med.) Arising from the liver; due to a condition of the liver; as, hepatogenic jaundice. Hepatology Hep`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + -logy.] The science which treats of the liver; a treatise on the liver. Hepato-pancreas Hep"a*to-pan"cre*as (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + E. pancreas.] (Zo\'94l.) A digestive gland in Crustacea, Mollusca, etc., usually called the liver, but different from the liver of vertebrates. Hepatorenal Hep`a*to*re"nal (?), a. [Hepatic + renal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the liver and kidneys; as, the hepatorenal ligament. Hepatoscopy Hep`a*tos"co*py (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + h\'82patoscopie.] Divination by inspecting the liver of animals. Heppen Hep"pen (?), a. [Cf. AS. geh\'91p fit, Icel. heppinn lucky, E. happy.] Neat; fit; comfortable. [Obs.] Hepper Hep"per (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A young salmon; a parr. Hepta Hep"ta (?). [See Seven.] A combining form from Gr. "epta`, seven. Heptachord Hep"ta*chord (?), n. [Gr. "epta`xordos seven-stringed; "epta` seven + xordh` chord: cf. F. heptacorde. See Seven, and Chord.] 1. (Anc. Mus.) (a) A system of seven sounds. (b) A lyre with seven chords. 2. (Anc. Poet.) A composition sung to the sound of seven chords or tones. Moore (Encyc. of Music). Heptad Hep"tad (?), n. [L. heptas the number seven. Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) An atom which has a valence of seven, and which can be theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, seven monad atoms or radicals; as, iodine is a heptad in iodic acid. Also used as an adjective. Heptade Hep"tade (?), n. [Cf. F. heptade. See Heptad.] The sum or number of seven. Heptaglot Hep"ta*glot (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven + 3, A book in seven languages. Heptagon Hep"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven + heptagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure consisting of seven sides and having seven angles. Heptagonal Hep*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. heptagonal.] Having seven angles or sides. Heptagonal numbers (Arith.), the numbers of the series 1, 7, 18, 34, 55, etc., being figurate numbers formed by adding successively the terms of the arithmetical series 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc. Heptagynia Hep`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + heptagunie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants having seven pistils. Heptagynian, Heptagynous Hep`ta*gyn"i*an (?), Hep*tag"y*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. heptagyne.] (Bot.) Having seven pistils. Heptahedron Hep`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Hepta- + Gr. hepta\'8adre.] (Geom.) A solid figure with seven sides. Heptamerous Hep*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. (Bot.) Consisting of seven parts, or having the parts in sets of sevens. Gray. Heptandria Hep*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + heptandrie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having seven stamens. Heptandrian, Heptandrous Hep*tan"dri*an (?), Hep*tan"drous (?), a. [Cf. F. heptandre.] (Bot.) Having seven stamens. Heptane Hep"tane (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) Any one of several isometric hydrocarbons, C7H16, of the paraffin series (nine are possible, four are known); -- so called because the molecule has seven carbon atoms. Specifically, a colorless liquid, found as a constituent of petroleum, in the tar oil of cannel coal, etc. Heptangular Hep*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Hepta- + angular: cf. F. heptangulaire. Cf. Septangular.] Having seven angles. Heptaphyllous Hep*taph"yl*lous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. heptaphylle.] (Bot.) Having seven leaves. Heptarch Hep"tarch (?), n. Same as Heptarchist. Heptarchic Hep*tar"chic (?), a. [Cf. F. heptarchique.] Of or pertaining to a heptarchy; constituting or consisting of a heptarchy. T. Warton. Heptarchist Hep"tarch*ist (?), n. A ruler of one division of a heptarchy. [Written also heptarch.] Heptarchy Hep"tarch*y (?), n. [Hepta- + -archy: cf. F. heptarchie.] A government by seven persons; also, a country under seven rulers. NOTE: &hand; Th e word is most commonly applied to England, when it was divided into seven kingdoms; as, the Saxon heptachy, which consisted of Kent, the South Saxons (Sussex), West Saxons (Wessex), East Saxons (Essex), the East Angles, Mercia, and Northumberland. Heptaspermous Hep`ta*sper"mous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. (Bot.) Having seven seeds. Heptastich Hep"ta*stich (?), n. [Hepta- + Gr. sti`chos line, verse.] (Pros.) A composition consisting of seven lines or verses. Heptateuch Hep"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. heptateuchos, Gr. "epta` seven + heptateuque.] The first seven books of the Testament. Heptavalent Hep*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Hepta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having seven units of attractive force or affinity; -- said of heptad elements or radicals. Heptene Hep"tene (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) Same as Heptylene. Heptine Hep"tine (?), n. [Heptane + -ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of unsaturated metameric hydrocarbons, C7H12, of the acetylene series. Heptoic Hep*to"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, heptane; as, heptoic acid. Heptone Hep"tone (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C7H10, of the valylene series. Hep tree Hep" tree` (?). [See Hep.] The wild dog-rose. Heptyl Hep"tyl (?), n. [Hepta- + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, C7H15, regarded as the essential radical of heptane and a related series of compounds. Heptylene Hep"tyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, C7H14, of the ethylene series; also, any one of its isomers. Called also heptene. Heptylic Hep*tyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, heptyl or heptane; as, heptylic alcohol. Cf. nanthylic. Her Her (?), pron. & a. [OE. hire, here, hir, hure, gen. and dat. sing., AS. hire, gen. and dat. sing. of h\'82o she. from the same root as E. he. See He.] The form of the objective and the possessive case of the personal pronoun she; as, I saw her with her purse out. NOTE: &hand; Th e po ssessive her takes the form hers when the noun with which in agrees is not given, but implied. "And what his fortune wanted, hers could mend." Dryden. Her, Here Her, Here (, pron. pl. [OE. here, hire, AS. heora, hyra, gen. pl. of h&emac;. See He.] Of them; their. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. On here bare knees adown they fall. Chaucer. Heracleonite He*rac"le*on*ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Heracleon of Alexandria, a Judaizing Gnostic, in the early history of the Christian church. Herakline He*rak"line (?), n. [Gr. A picrate compound, used as an explosive in blasting. Herald Her"ald (?), n. [OE. herald, heraud, OF. heralt, heraut, herault, F. h\'82raut, LL. heraldus, haraldus, fr. (assumed) OHG. heriwalto, hariwaldo, a (civil) officer who serves the army; hari, heri, army + waltan to manage, govern, G. walten; akin to E. wield. See Harry, Wield.] 1. (Antiq.) An officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the commander of an army. He was invested with a sacred and inviolable character. _________________________________________________________________ Page 687 2. In the Middle Ages, the officer charged with the above duties, and also with the care of genealogies, of the rights and privileges of noble families, and especially of armorial bearings. In modern times, some vestiges of this office remain, especially in England. See Heralds' College (below), and King-at-Arms. 3. A proclaimer; one who, or that which, publishes or announces; as, the herald of another's fame. Shak. 4. A forerunner; a a precursor; a harbinger. It was the lark, the herald of the morn. Shak. 5. Any messenger. "My herald is returned." Shak. Heralds' College, in England, an ancient corporation, dependent upon the crown, instituted or perhaps recognized by Richard III. in 1483, consisting of the three Kings-at-Arms and the Chester, Lancaster, Richmond, Somerset, Windsor, and York Heralds, together with the Earl Marshal. This retains from the Middle Ages the charge of the armorial bearings of persons privileged to bear them, as well as of genealogies and kindred subjects; -- called also College of Arms. Herald Her"ald (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heralded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heralding.] [Cf. OF. herauder, heraulder.] To introduce, or give tidings of, as by a herald; to proclaim; to announce; to foretell; to usher in. Shak. Heraldic He*ral"dic (?), a. [Cf. F. h\'82raldique.] Of or pertaining to heralds or heraldry; as, heraldic blazoning; heraldic language. T. Warton. Heraldically He*ral"dic*al*ly (?), adv. In an heraldic manner; according to the rules of heraldry. Heraldry Her"ald*ry (?), n. The art or office of a herald; the art, practice, or science of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns armorial; also, of marshaling cavalcades, processions, and public ceremonies. Heraldship Her"ald*ship, n. The office of a herald. Selden. Herapathite Her"a*path*ite (?), n. [Named after Dr. Herapath, the discoverer.] (Chem.) The sulphate of iodoquinine, a substance crystallizing in thin plates remarkable for their effects in polarizing light. Heraud Her"aud (?), n. A herald. [Obs.] Chaucer. Herb Herb (?; 277), n. [OE. herbe, erbe, OF. herbe, erbe, F. herbe, L. herba; perh. akin to Gr. forbh` food, pasture, fe`rbein to feed.] 1. A plant whose stem does not become woody and permanent, but dies, at least down to the ground, after flowering. NOTE: &hand; An nual he rbs li ve bu t on e se ason; biennial herbs flower the second season, and then die; perennial herbs produce new stems year after year. 2. Grass; herbage. And flocks Grazing the tender herb. Milton. Herb bennet. (Bot.) See Bennet. -- Herb Christopher (Bot.), an herb (Act\'91a spicata), whose root is used in nervous diseases; the baneberry. The name is occasionally given to other plants, as the royal fern, the wood betony, etc. -- Herb Gerard (Bot.), the goutweed; -- so called in honor of St. Gerard, who used to be invoked against the gout. Dr. Prior. -- Herb grace, OR Herb of grace. (Bot.) See Rue. -- Herb Margaret (Bot.), the daisy. See Marguerite. -- Herb Paris (Bot.), an Old World plant related to the trillium (Paris quadrifolia), commonly reputed poisonous. -- Herb Robert (Bot.), a species of Geranium (G. Robertianum.) Herbaceous Her*ba"ceous (?), a. [L. herbaceus grassy. See Herb.] Of or pertaining to herbs; having the nature, texture, or characteristics, of an herb; as, herbaceous plants; an herbaceous stem. Herbage Herb"age (?; 48), n. [F. See Herb.] 1. Herbs collectively; green food beasts; grass; pasture. "Thin herbage in the plaims." Dryden. 2. (Law.) The liberty or right of pasture in the forest or in the grounds of another man. Blount. Herbaged Herb"aged (?), a. Covered with grass. Thomson. Herbal Herb"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to herbs. Quarles. Herbal Herb"al (?), n. 1. A book containing the names and descriptions of plants. Bacon. 2. A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved; a hortus siccus; an herbarium. Steele. Herbalism Herb"al*ism (?), n. The knowledge of herbs. Herbalist Herb"al*ist, n. One skilled in the knowledge of plants; a collector of, or dealer in, herbs, especially medicinal herbs. Herbar Herb"ar (?), n. An herb. [Obs.] Spenser. Herbarian Her*ba"ri*an (?), n. A herbalist. Herbarist Herb"a*rist (?), n. A herbalist. [Obs.] Herbarium Her*ba"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E. Herbariums (#), L. Herbaria (#). [LL., fr. L. herba. See Herb, and cf. Arbor, Herbary.] 1. A collection of dried specimens of plants, systematically arranged. Gray. 2. A book or case for preserving dried plants. Herbarize Herb"a*rize (?), v. t. See Herborize. Herbary Herb"a*ry (?), n. [See Herbarium.] A garden of herbs; a cottage garden. T. Warton. Herber Herb"er (?), n. [OF. herbier, LL. herbarium. See Herbarium.] A garden; a pleasure garden. [Obs.] "Into an herber green." Chaucer. Herbergage Her"berg*age (?), n. [See Harborage.] Harborage; lodging; shelter; harbor. [Obs.] Chaucer. Herbergeour Her"ber*geour (?), n. [See Harbinger.] A harbinger. [Obs.] Chaucer. Herbergh, Herberwe Her"bergh (?), Her"ber*we (, n. [See Harbor.] A harbor. [Obs.] Chaucer. Herbescent Her*bes"cent (?), a. [L. herbescens, p. pr. of herbescere.] Growing into herbs. Herbid Herb"id (?), a. [L. herbidus.] Covered with herbs. [Obs.] Bailey. Herbiferous Her*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Herb + -ferous: cf. F. herbif\'82re.] Bearing herbs or vegetation. Herbist Herb"ist (?), n. A herbalist. Herbivora Her*biv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. herba herb + vorare to devour.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of Mammalia. It formerly included the Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla, but by later writers it is generally restricted to the two latter groups (Ungulata). They feed almost exclusively upon vegetation. Herbivore Her"bi*vore (?), n. [Cf. F. herbivore.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Herbivora. P. H. Gosse. Herbivorous Her*biv"o*rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Eating plants; of or pertaining to the Herbivora. Herbless Herb"less (?), a. Destitute of herbs or of vegetation. J. Warton. Herblet Herb"let (?), n. A small herb. Shak. Herborist Her"bo*rist (?), n. [F. herboriste.] A herbalist. Ray. Herborization Her`bo*ri*za"tion (?), n. [F. herborisation.] 1. The act of herborizing. 2. The figure of plants in minerals or fossils. Herborize Her"bo*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herborized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Herborizing (?).] [F. herboriser, for herbariser, fr. L. herbarium. See Hebrarium.] To search for plants, or new species of plants, with a view to classifying them. He herborized as he traveled. W. Tooke. Herborize Her"bo*rize, v. t. To form the figures of plants in; -- said in reference to minerals. See Arborized. Herborized stones contain fine mosses. Fourcroy (Trans.) Herborough Her"bor*ough (?), n. [See Harborough, and Harbor.] A harbor. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Herbose, Herbous Her*bose" (?), Herb"ous (?), a. [L. herbosus: cf. F. herbeux.] Abounding with herbs. "Fields poetically called herbose." Byrom. Herb-woman Herb"-wom`an (?), n.; pl. Herb-women (. A woman that sells herbs. Herby Herb"y (?), a. Having the nature of, pertaining to, or covered with, herbs or herbage. "Herby valleys." Chapman. Hercogamous Her*cog"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Not capable of self-fertilization; -- said of hermaphrodite flowers in which some structural obstacle forbids autogamy. Herculean Her*cu"le*an (?), a. [L. herculeus, fr. Hercules: cf. F. hercul\'82en. See Hercules.] 1. Requiring the strength of Hercules; hence, very great, difficult, or dangerous; as, an Herculean task. 2. Having extraordinary strength or size; as, Herculean limbs. "Herculean Samson." Milton. Hercules Her"cu*les (?), n. 1. (Gr. Myth.) A hero, fabled to have been the son of Jupiter and Alcmena, and celebrated for great strength, esp. for the accomplishment of his twelve great tasks or "labors." 2. (Astron.) A constellation in the northern hemisphere, near Lyra. Hercules' beetle (Zo\'94l.), any species of Dynastes, an American genus of very large lamellicorn beetles, esp. D. hercules of South America, which grows to a length of six inches. -- Hercules' club. (Bot.) (a) An ornamental tree of the West Indies (Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis), of the same genus with the prickly ash. (b) A variety of the common gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris). Its fruit sometimes exceeds five feet in length. (c) The Angelica tree. See under Angelica. -- Hercules powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin; -- used for blasting. Hercynian Her*cyn"i*an (?), a. [L. Hercynia silva, Hercynius saltus, the Hercynian forest; cf. Gr. Of or pertaining to an extensive forest in Germany, of which there are still portions in Swabia and the Hartz mountains. Herd Herd (?), a. Haired. [Obs.] Chaucer. Herd Herd (?), n. [OE. herd, heord, AS. heord; akin to OHG. herta,G. herde, Icel. hj\'94r, Sw. hjord, Dan. hiord, Goth. ha\'a1rda; cf. Skr. \'87ardha troop, host.] 1. A number of beasts assembled together; as, a herd of horses, oxen, cattle, camels, elephants, deer, or swine; a particular stock or family of cattle. The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray. NOTE: &hand; He rd is di stinguished fr om flock, as being chiefly applied to the larger animals. A number of cattle, when driven to market, is called a drove. 2. A crowd of low people; a rabble. But far more numerous was the herd of such Who think too little and who talk too much. Dryden. You can never interest the common herd in the abstract question. Coleridge. Herd's grass (Bot.), one of several species of grass, highly esteemed for hay. See under Grass. Herd Herd, n. [OE. hirde, herde, heorde, AS. hirde, hyrde, heorde; akin to G. hirt, hirte, OHG. hirti, Icel. hirir, Sw. herde, Dan. hyrde, Goth. ha\'a1rdeis. See 2d Herd.] One who herds or assembles domestic animals; a herdsman; -- much used in composition; as, a shepherd; a goatherd, and the like. Chaucer. Herd Herd, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herded; p. pr. & vb. n. Herding.] [See 2d Herd.] 1. To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or in company; as, sheep herd on many hills. 2. To associate; to ally one's self with, or place one's self among, a group or company. I'll herd among his friends, and seem One of the number. Addison. 3. To act as a herdsman or a shepherd. [Scot.] Herd Herd, v. t. To form or put into a herd. Herdbook Herd"book` (?), n. A book containing the list and pedigrees of one or more herds of choice breeds of cattle; -- also called herd record, or herd register. Herder Herd"er (?), n. A herdsman. [R.] Herderite Her"der*ite (?), n. [Named after Baron von Herder, who discovered it.] (Min.) A rare fluophosphate of glucina, in small white crystals. Herdess Herd"ess (?), n. A shepherdess; a female herder. Sir P. Sidney. Chaucer. Herdgroom Herd"groom` (?), n. A herdsman. [Obs.] Herdic Her"dic (?), n. [Named from Peter Herdic, the inventor.] A kind of low-hung cab. Herdman, Herdsman Herd"man (?), Herds"man (?), n.; pl. -men (. The owner or keeper of a herd or of herds; one employed in tending a herd of cattle. Herdswoman Herds"wom`an (?), n.; pl. -women (. A woman who tends a herd. Sir W. Scott. Here Here (?), n. Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer. Here Here (?), pron. 1. See Her, their. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Her; hers. See Her. [Obs.] Chaucer. Here Here (?), adv. [OE. her, AS. h; akin to OS. h, D. hier, OHG. hiar, G. hier, Icel. & Goth. h, Dan. her, Sw. h\'84r; fr. root of E. he. See He.] 1. In this place; in the place where the speaker is; -- opposed to there. He is not here, for he is risen. Matt. xxviii. 6. 2. In the present life or state. Happy here, and more happy hereafter. Bacon. 3. To or into this place; hither. [Colloq.] See Thither. Here comes Virgil. B. Jonson. Thou led'st me here. Byron. 4. At this point of time, or of an argument; now. The prisoner here made violent efforts to rise. Warren. NOTE: &hand; He re, in th e last sense, is sometimes used before a verb without subject; as, Here goes, for Now (something or somebody) goes; -- especially occurring thus in drinking healths. "Here's [a health] to thee, Dick." Cowley. Here and there, in one place and another; in a dispersed manner; irregularly. "Footsteps here and there." Longfellow. -- It is neither, here nor there, it is neither in this place nor in that, neither in one place nor in another; hence, it is to no purpose, irrelevant, nonsense.<-- mostly used to mean "irrelevant" --> Shak. Herea-bout, Hereabouts Here"a-bout` (?), Here"a*bouts` (?), adv. 1. About this place; in this vicinity. 2. Concerning this. [Obs.] Hereafter Here*aft"er (?), adv. [AS. hr\'91fter.] In time to come; in some future time or state. Hereafter he from war shall come. Dryden. Hereafter Here*aft"er, n. A future existence or state. <-- Syn. afterlife, the life to come, future life, eternal bliss, eternal reward, --> 'Tis Heaven itself that points out an hereafter. Addison. Hereafterward Here*aft"er*ward (?), adv. Hereafter. [Obs.] Thou shalt hereafterward . . . come. Chaucer. Here-at Here-at" (?), adv. At, or by reason of, this; as, he was offended hereat. Hooker. Hereby Here*by" (?), adv. 1. By means of this. And hereby we do know that we know him. 1 John ii. 3. 2. Close by; very near. [Obs.] Shak. Hereditability He*red`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. State of being hereditable. Brydges. Hereditable He*red"i*ta*ble (?), a. [LL. hereditabilis, fr. hereditare to inherit, fr. L. hereditas heirship inheritance, heres heir: cf. OF. hereditable. See Heir, and cf. Heritable.] 1. Capable of being inherited. See Inheritable. Locke. 2. Qualified to inherit; capable of inheriting. Hereditably He*red"i*ta*bly, adv. By inheritance. W. Tooke. Hereditament Her`e*dit"a*ment (?), n. [LL. hereditamentum. See Hereditable.] (Law) Any species of property that may be inherited; lands, tenements, anything corporeal or incorporeal, real, personal, or mixed, that may descend to an heir. Blackstone. NOTE: &hand; A co rporeal hereditament is visible and tangible; an incorporeal hereditament is not in itself visible or tangible, being an hereditary right, interest, or obligation, as duty to pay rent, or a right of way. Hereditarily He*red"i*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. By inheritance; in an hereditary manner. Pope. Hereditary He*red"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. hereditarius, fr. hereditas heirship, inheritance, fr. heres heir: cf. F. h\'82r\'82ditaire. See Heir.] 1. Descended, or capable of descending, from an ancestor to an heir at law; received or passing by inheritance, or that must pass by inheritance; as, an hereditary estate or crown. 2. Transmitted, or capable of being transmitted, as a constitutional quality or condition from a parent to a child; as, hereditary pride, bravery, disease. Syn. -- Ancestral; patrimonial; inheritable. Heredity He*red"i*ty (?), n. [L. hereditas heirship.] (Biol.) Hereditary transmission of the physical and psychical qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants. See Pangenesis. Hereford Her"e*ford (?), n. One of a breed of cattle originating in Herefordshire, England. The Herefords are good working animals, and their beef-producing quality is excellent. Herehence Here"hence` (?), adv. From hence. [Obs.] Herein Here*in" (?), adv. [AS. hrinne.] In this. Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit. John xv. 8. Hereinafter Here`in*aft"er (?), adv. In the following part of this (writing, document, speech, and the like). Hereinbefore Here`in*be*fore", adv. In the preceding part of this (writing, document, book, etc.). Hereinto Here`in*to" (?; 277), adv. Into this. Hooker. Heremit, Heremite Her"e*mit (?), Her"e*mite (?), n. [See Hermit.] A hermit. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Heremitical Her`e*mit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a hermit; solitary; secluded from society. Pope. Heren Her"en (?), a. Made of hair. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hereof Here*of" (?), adv. Of this; concerning this; from this; hence. Hereof comes it that Prince Harry is valiant. Shak. Hereon Here*on" (?), adv. On or upon this; hereupon. Hereout Here*out" (?), adv. Out of this. [Obs.] Spenser. Heresiarch Her"e*si*arch (?; 277), n. [L. haeresiarcha, Gr. h\'82r\'82siarque.] A leader in heresy; the chief of a sect of heretics. Bp. Stillingfleet. Heresiarchy Her"e*si*arch`y (?), n. A chief or great heresy. [R.] The book itself [the Alcoran] consists of heresiarchies against our blessed Savior. Sir T. Herbert. Heresiographer Her`e*si*og"ra*pher (?), n. [See Heresiography.] One who writes on heresies. Heresiography Her`e*si*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. h\'82r\'82siographie.] A treatise on heresy. Heresy Her"e*sy (?), n.; pl. Heresies (#). [OE. heresie, eresie, OF. heresie, iresie, F. h\'82r\'82sie, L. haeresis, Gr. _________________________________________________________________ Page 688 1. An opinion held in opposition to the established or commonly received doctrine, and tending to promote a division or party, as in politics, literature, philosophy, etc.; -- usually, but not necessarily, said in reproach. New opinions Divers and dangerous, which are heresies, And, not reformed, may prove pernicious. Shak. After the study of philosophy began in Greece, and the philosophers, disagreeing amongst themselves, had started many questions . . . because every man took what opinion he pleased, each several opinion was called a heresy; which signified no more than a private opinion, without reference to truth or falsehood. Hobbes. 2. (Theol.) Religious opinion opposed to the authorized doctrinal standards of any particular church, especially when tending to promote schism or separation; lack of orthodox or sound belief; rejection of, or erroneous belief in regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine or truth; heterodoxy. Doubts 'mongst divines, and difference of texts, From whence arise diversity of sects, And hateful heresies by God abhor'd. Spenser. Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest heresy in the world is a wicked life. Tillotson. 3. (Law) An offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some essential doctrine, which denial is publicly avowed, and obstinately maintained. A second offense is that of heresy, which consists not in a total denial of Christianity, but of some its essential doctrines, publicly and obstinately avowed. Blackstone. NOTE: &hand; "W hen I ca ll du eling, an d si milar aberrations of honor, a moral heresy, I refer to the force of the Greek Coleridge. Heretic Her"e*tic (?), n. [L. haereticus, Gr. h\'82r\'82tique. See Heresy.] 1. One who holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the established faith or prevailing religion. A man that is an heretic, after the first and second admonition, reject. Titus iii. 10. 2. (R. C. Ch.) One who having made a profession of Christian belief, deliberately and pertinaciously refuses to believe one or more of the articles of faith "determined by the authority of the universal church." Addis & Arnold. Syn. -- Heretic, Schismatic, Sectarian. A heretic is one whose errors are doctrinal, and usually of a malignant character, tending to subvert the true faith. A schismatic is one who creates a schism, or division in the church, on points of faith, discipline, practice, etc., usually for the sake of personal aggrandizement. A sectarian is one who originates or is an ardent adherent and advocate of a sect, or distinct organization, which separates from the main body of believers. Heretical He*ret"i*cal (?), a. Containing heresy; of the nature of, or characterized by, heresy. Heretically He*ret"i*cal*ly, adv. In an heretical manner. Hereticate He*ret"i*cate (?), v. t. [LL. haereticatus, p. p. of haereticare.] To decide to be heresy or a heretic; to denounce as a heretic or heretical. Bp. Hall. And let no one be minded, on the score of my neoterism, to hereticate me. Fitzed. Hall. Heretification He*ret`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of hereticating or pronouncing heretical. London Times. Hereto Here*to" (?), adv. To this; hereunto. Hooker. Heretoch, Heretog Her"e*toch (?), Her"e*tog (?), n. [AS. heretoga, heretoha; here army + te\'a2n to draw, lead; akin to OS. heritogo, OHG. herizogo, G. herzog duke.] (AS. Antiq.) The leader or commander of an army; also, a marshal. Blackstone. Heretofore Here`to*fore" (?), adv. Up to this time; hitherto; before; in time past. Shak. Hereunto Here`un*to" (?), adv. Unto this; up to this time; hereto. Hereupon Here`up*on" (?), adv. On this; hereon. Herewith Here*with" (?), adv. With this. Herie Her"ie (?), v. t. [See Hery.] To praise; to worship. [Obs.] Chaucer. Heriot Her"i*ot (?), n. [AS. heregeatu military equipment, heriot; here army + geatwe, pl., arms, equipments.] (Eng. Law) Formerly, a payment or tribute of arms or military accouterments, or the best beast, or chattel, due to the lord on the death of a tenant; in modern use, a customary tribute of goods or chattels to the lord of the fee, paid on the decease of a tenant. Blackstone. Bouvier. Heriot custom, a heriot depending on usage. -- Heriot service (Law), a heriot due by reservation in a grant or lease of lands. Spelman. Blackstone. Heriotable Her"i*ot*a*ble (?), a. Subject to the payment of a heriot. Burn. Herisson Her"is*son (?), n. [F. h\'82risson, prop., hedgehog.] (fort.) A beam or bar armed with iron spikes, and turning on a pivot; -- used to block up a passage. Heritability Her`it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being heritable. Heritable Her"it*a*ble (?), a. [OF. h\'82ritable. See Heritage, Hereditable.] 1. Capable of being inherited or of passing by inheritance; inheritable. 2. Capable of inheriting or receiving by inheritance. This son shall be legitimate and heritable. Sir M. Hale. Heritable rights (Scots Law), rights of the heir; rights to land or whatever may be intimately connected with land; realty. Jacob (Law Dict.). Heritage Her"it*age (?), a. [OE. heritage, eritage, OF. heritage, eritage, F. h\'82ritage, fr. h\'82riter to inherit, LL. heriditare. See Hereditable.] 1. That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance. Part of my heritage, Which my dead father did bequeath to me. Shak. 2. (Script.) A possession; the Israelites, as God's chosen people; also, a flock under pastoral charge. Joel iii. 2. 1 Peter v. 3. Heritance Her"it*ance (?), n. [OF. heritance.] Heritage; inheritance. [R.] Robbing their children of the heritance Their fathers handed down Southey. Heritor Her"it*or (?), n. [Cf. LL. her, fr. L. heres an heir.] A proprietor or landholder in a parish. [Scot.] Herl Herl (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Harl, 2. Herling, Hirling Her"ling, Hir"ling (, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The young of the sea trout. [Prov. Eng.] Herma Her"ma (?), n.; pl. Herm\'91 (#). [L.] See Hermes, 2. Hermaphrodeity Her*maph`ro*de"i*ty (?), n. Hermaphrodism. B. Jonson. Hermaphrodism Her*maph"ro*dism (?), n. [Cf. F. hermaphrodisme.] (Biol.) See Hermaphroditism. Hermaphrodite Her*maph"ro*dite (?), n. [L. hermaphroditus, Gr. Hermaphroditus, son of Hermes and Aphrodite, when bathing, became joined in one body with Salmacis, the nymph of a fountain in Caria: cf. F. hermaphrodite.] (Biol.) An individual which has the attributes of both male and female, or which unites in itself the two sexes; an animal or plant having the parts of generation of both sexes, as when a flower contains both the stamens and pistil within the same calyx, or on the same receptacle. In some cases reproduction may take place without the union of the distinct individuals. In the animal kingdom true hermaphrodites are found only among the invertebrates. See Illust. in Appendix, under Helminths. Hermaphrodite Her*maph"ro*dite, a. Including, or being of, both sexes; as, an hermaphrodite animal or flower. Hermaphrodite brig. (Naut.) See under Brig. Totten. Hermaphroditic, Hermaphroditical Her*maph`ro*dit"ic (?), Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Partaking of the characteristics of both sexes; characterized by hermaphroditism. -- Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al*ly, adv. Hermaphroditism Her*maph"ro*dit*ism (?), n. (Biol.) The union of the two sexes in the same individual, or the combination of some of their characteristics or organs in one individual. Hermeneutic, Hermeneutical Her`me*neu"tic (?), Her`me*neu"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. herm\'82neutique.] Unfolding the signification; of or pertaining to interpretation; exegetical; explanatory; as, hermeneutic theology, or the art of expounding the Scriptures; a hermeneutic phrase. Hermeneutically Her`me*neu"tic*al*ly, adv. According to the principles of interpretation; as, a verse of Scripture was examined hermeneutically. Hermeneutics Her`me*neu"tics (?), n. [Gr. The science of interpretation and explanation; exegesis; esp., that branch of theology which defines the laws whereby the meaning of the Scriptures is to be ascertained. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. Hermes Her"mes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Myth.) See Mercury. NOTE: &hand; He rmes Trismegistus [Gr. 'Ermh^s trisme`gistos, lit., Hermes thrice greatest] was a late name of Hermes, especially as identified with the Egyptian god Thoth. He was the fabled inventor of astrology and alchemy. 2. (Arch\'91ology) Originally, a boundary stone dedicated to Hermes as the god of boundaries, and therefore bearing in some cases a head, or head and shoulders, placed upon a quadrangular pillar whose height is that of the body belonging to the head, sometimes having feet or other parts of the body sculptured upon it. These figures, though often representing Hermes, were used for other divinities, and even, in later times, for portraits of human beings. Called also herma. See Terminal statue, under Terminal. Hermetic, Hermetical Her*met"ic (?), Her*met"ic*al (?), a. [F. herm\'82tique. See Note under Hermes, 1.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or taught by, Hermes Trismegistus; as, hermetic philosophy. Hence: Alchemical; chemic. "Delusions of the hermetic art." Burke. The alchemists, as the people were called who tried to make gold, considered themselves followers of Hermes, and often called themselves Hermetic philosophers. A. B. Buckley. 2. Of or pertaining to the system which explains the causes of diseases and the operations of medicine on the principles of the hermetic philosophy, and which made much use, as a remedy, of an alkali and an acid; as, hermetic medicine. 3. Made perfectly close or air-tight by fusion, so that no gas or spirit can enter or escape; as, an hermetic seal. See Note under Hermetically. Hermetic art, alchemy. -- Hermetic books. (a) Books of the Egyptians, which treat of astrology. (b) Books which treat of universal principles, of the nature and orders of celestial beings, of medicine, and other topics. Hermetically Her*met"ic*al*ly, adv. 1. In an hermetical manner; chemically. Boyle. 2. By fusion, so as to form an air-tight closure. NOTE: &hand; A ve ssel or tu be is hermetically sealed when it is closed completely against the passage of air or other fluid by fusing the extremity; -- sometimes less properly applied to any air-tight closure. Hermit Her"mit (?), n. [OE. ermite, eremite, heremit, heremite, F. hermite, ermite, L. eremita, Gr. Eremite.] 1. A person who retires from society and lives in solitude; a recluse; an anchoret; especially, one who so lives from religious motives. He had been Duke of Savoy, and after a very glorious reign, took on him the habit of a hermit, and retired into this solitary spot. Addison. 2. A beadsman; one bound to pray for another. [Obs.] "We rest your hermits." Shak. Hermit crab (Zo\'94l.), a marine decapod crustacean of the family Pagurid\'91. The species are numerous, and belong to many genera. Called also soldier crab. The hermit crabs usually occupy the dead shells of various univalve mollusks. See Illust. of Commensal. -- Hermit thrush (Zo\'94l.), an American thrush (Turdus Pallasii), with retiring habits, but having a sweet song. -- Hermit warbler (Zo\'94l.), a California wood warbler (Dendroica occidentalis), having the head yellow, the throat black, and the back gray, with black streaks. Hermitage Her"mit*age (?; 48), n. [OE. hermitage, ermitage, F. hermitage, ermitage. See Hermit.] 1. The habitation of a hermit; a secluded residence. <-- (Capitalized) The name given by Catherine II to a part of the Czars' Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, now an art museum with a very large collection of old master paintings --> Some forlorn and naked hermitage, Remote from all the pleasures of the world. Shak. 2. [F. Vin de l'Hermitage.] A celebrated French wine, both white and red, of the Department of Dr\'93me. Hermitary Her"mit*a*ry (?), n. [Cf. LL. hermitorium, eremitorium.] A cell annexed to an abbey, for the use of a hermit. Howell. Hermitess Her"mit*ess, n. A female hermit. Coleridge. Hermitical Her*mit"i*cal (?), a. Pertaining to, or suited for, a hermit. Coventry. Hermodactyl Her`mo*dac"tyl (?), n. [NL. hermodactylus, lit., Hermes' finger; fr. Gr. (med.) A heart-shaped bulbous root, about the size of a finger, brought from Turkey, formerly used as a cathartic. Hermogenian Her`mo*ge"ni*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A disciple of Hermogenes, and heretical teacher who lived in Africa near the close of the second century. He ha Hern Hern (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A heron; esp., the common European heron. "A stately hern." Trench. Hernani Her*na"ni (?), n. A thin silk or woolen goods, for women's dresses, woven in various styles and colors. Herne Herne (?), n. [AS. hyrne.] A corner. [Obs.] Lurking in hernes and in lanes blind. Chaucer. Hernia Her"ni*a (?), n.; pl. E. Hernias (#), L. Herni\'91 (#). [L.] (Med.) A protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or accidental opening in the walls of the latter; as, hernia of the brain, of the lung, or of the bowels. Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also rupture. Strangulated hernia, a hernia so tightly compressed in some part of the channel through which it has been protruded as to arrest its circulation, and produce swelling of the protruded part. It may occur in recent or chronic hernia, but is more common in the latter. Hernial Her"ni*al (?), a. Of, or connected with, hernia. Herniotomy Her`ni*ot"o*my (?), n. [Hernia + Gr. (Med.) A cutting for the cure or relief of hernia; celotomy. Hernshaw Hern"shaw (?), n. Heronshaw. [Obs.] Spenser. Hero He"ro (?), n.; pl. Heroes (#). [F. h\'82ros, L. heros, Gr. 1. (Myth.) An illustrious man, supposed to be exalted, after death, to a place among the gods; a demigod, as Hercules. 2. A man of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering; a prominent or central personage in any remarkable action or event; hence, a great or illustrious person. Each man is a hero and oracle to somebody. Emerson. 3. The principal personage in a poem, story, and the like, or the person who has the principal share in the transactions related; as Achilles in the Iliad, Ulysses in the Odyssey, and \'92neas in the \'92neid. The shining quality of an epic hero. Dryden. Hero worship, extravagant admiration for great men, likened to the ancient worship of heroes. Hero worship exists, has existed, and will forever exist, universally among mankind. Carlyle. Herodian He*ro"di*an (?), n. (Jewish Hist.) One of a party among the Jews, composed of partisans of Herod of Galilee. They joined with the Pharisees against Christ. Herodiones He*ro`di*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of wading birds, including the herons, storks, and allied forms. Called also Herodii. -- He*ro`di*o"nine (#), a. Heroess He"ro*ess (?), n. A heroine. [Obs.] Dryden. Heroic He*ro"ic (?), a. [F. h\'82ro\'8bque, L. hero\'8bcus, Gr. 1. Of or pertaining to, or like, a hero; of the nature of heroes; distinguished by the existence of heroes; as, the heroic age; an heroic people; heroic valor. 2. Worthy of a hero; bold; daring; brave; illustrious; as, heroic action; heroic enterprises. 3. (Sculpture & Painting) Larger than life size, but smaller than colossal; -- said of the representation of a human figure. Heroic Age, the age when the heroes, or those called the children of the gods, are supposed to have lived. -- Heroic poetry, that which celebrates the deeds of a hero; epic poetry. -- Heroic treatment OR remedies (Med.), treatment or remedies of a severe character, suited to a desperate case. -- Heroic verse (Pros.), the verse of heroic or epic poetry, being in English, German, and Italian the iambic of ten syllables; in French the iambic of twelve syllables; and in classic poetry the hexameter. Syn. -- Brave; intrepid; courageous; daring; valiant; bold; gallant; fearless; enterprising; noble; magnanimous; illustrious. Heroical He*ro"ic*al (?), a. Heroic. [R.] Spectator. -- He*ro"ic*al*ly, adv. -- He*ro"ic*al*ness, n. _________________________________________________________________ Page 689 Heroicness He*ro"ic*ness (?), n. Heroism. [R.] W. Montagu. Heroicomic, Heroicomical He`ro*i*com"ic (?), He`ro*i*com"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. h\'82ro\'8bcomigue. See Heroic, and Comic.] Combining the heroic and the ludicrous; denoting high burlesque; as, a heroicomic poem. Heroine Her"o*ine (?), n. [F. h\'82ro\'8bne, L. heroina, Gr. Hero.] 1. A woman of an heroic spirit. The heroine assumed the woman's place. Dryden. 2. The principal female person who figures in a remarkable action, or as the subject of a poem or story. Heroism Her"o*ism (?; 277), n. [F. h\'82ro\'8bsme.] The qualities characteristic of a hero, as courage, bravery, fortitude, unselfishness, etc.; the display of such qualities. Heroism is the self-devotion of genius manifesting itself in action. Hare. Syn. -- Heroism, Courage, Fortitude, Bravery, Valor, Intrepidity, Gallantry. Courage is generic, denoting fearlessness or defiance of danger; fortitude is passive courage, the habit of bearing up nobly under trials, danger, and sufferings; bravery is courage displayed in daring acts; valor is courage in battle or other conflicts with living opponents; intrepidity is firm courage, which shrinks not amid the most appalling dangers; gallantry is adventurous courage, dashing into the thickest of the fight. Heroism may call into exercise all these modifications of courage. It is a contempt of danger, not from ignorance or inconsiderate levity, but from a noble devotion to some great cause, and a just confidence of being able to meet danger in the spirit of such a cause. Cf. Courage. Heron Her"on (?), n. [OE. heiroun, heroun, heron, hern, OF. hairon, F. h\'82ron, OHG. heigir; cf. Icel. hegri, Dan. heire, Sw. h\'84ger, and also G. h\'84her jay, jackdaw, OHG. hehara, higere, woodpecker, magpie, D. reiger heron, G. reiher, AS. hr&amac;gra. Cf. Aigret, Egret.] (Zo\'94l.) Any wading bird of the genus Ardea and allied genera, of the family Ardeid\'91. The herons have a long, sharp bill, and long legs and toes, with the claw of the middle toe toothed. The common European heron (Ardea cinerea) is remarkable for its directly ascending flight, and was formerly hunted with the larger falcons. NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e se veral co mmon American species; as, the great blue heron (Ardea herodias); the little blue (A. c\'d2rulea); the green (A. virescens); the snowy (A. candidissima); the night heron or qua-bird (Nycticorax nycticorax). The plumed herons are called egrets. Heron's bill (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erodium; -- so called from the fancied resemblance of the fruit to the head and beak of the heron. Heroner Her"on*er (?), n. A hawk used in hunting the heron. "Heroner and falcon." Chaucer. Heronry Her"on*ry (?), n. A place where herons breed. Heronsew Her"on*sew (?), n. A heronshaw. [Obs.] Chaucer. Heronshaw Her"on*shaw (?), n. [OF. heroncel, dim. of h\'82ron. See Heron.] (Zo\'94l.) A heron. [Written variously hernshaw, harnsey, etc.] Hero\'94logist He`ro*\'94l"o*gist (?), n. [Gr. One who treats of heroes. [R.] T. Warton. Heroship He"ro*ship (?), n. The character or personality of a hero. "Three years of heroship." Cowper. Herpes Her"pes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) An eruption of the skin, taking various names, according to its form, or the part affected; especially, an eruption of vesicles in small distinct clusters, accompanied with itching or tingling, including shingles, ringworm, and the like; -- so called from its tendency to creep or spread from one part of the skin to another. Herpetic Her*pet"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. herp\'82tique.] Pertaining to, or resembling, the herpes; partaking of the nature of herpes; as, herpetic eruptions. Herpetism Her"pe*tism (?), n. [See Herpes.] (Med.) See Dartrous diathesis, under Dartrous. Herpetologic, Herpetological Her*pet`o*log"ic (?), Her*pet`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to herpetology. Herpetologist Her`pe*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in herpetology, or the natural history of reptiles. Herpetology Her`pe*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Written also, but less properly, erpetology.] [Gr. -logy: cf. F. herp\'82tologie.] The natural history of reptiles; that branch of zo\'94logy which relates to reptiles, including their structure, classification, and habits. Herpetotomist Her`pe*tot"o*mist (?), n. One who dissects, or studies the anatomy of, reptiles. Herpetotomy Her`pe*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The anatomy or dissection of reptiles. Herr Herr (?), n. A title of respect given to gentlemen in Germany, equivalent to the English Mister. Herring Her"ring (?), n. [OE. hering, AS. h\'91ring; akin to D. haring, G. h\'84ring, hering, OHG. haring, hering, and prob. to AS. here army, and so called because they commonly move in large numbers. Cf. Harry.] (Zo\'94l.) One of various species of fishes of the genus Clupea, and allied genera, esp. the common round or English herring (C. harengus) of the North Atlantic. Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are salted and smoked in great quantities. Herring gull (Zo\'94l.), a large gull which feeds in part upon herrings; esp., Larus argentatus in America, and L. cachinnans in England. See Gull. -- Herring hog (Zo\'94l.), the common porpoise. -- King of the herrings. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The chim\'91ra (C. monstrosa) which follows the schools of herring. See Chim\'91ra. (b) The opah. Heringbone He"ring*bone" (?), a. Pertaining to, or like, the spine of a herring; especially, characterized by an arrangement of work in rows of parallel lines, which in the alternate rows slope in different directions. Herringbone stitch, a kind of cross-stitch in needlework, chiefly used in flannel. Simmonds. Herrnhuter Herrn"hut*er (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the Moravians; -- so called from the settlement of Herrnhut (the Lord's watch) made, about 1722, by the Moravians at the invitation of Nicholas Lewis, count of Zinzendorf, upon his estate in the circle of Bautzen. Hers Hers (?), pron. See the Note under Her, pr. Hersal Her"sal (?), n. Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser. Herschel Her"schel (?), n. (Astron.) See Uranus. Herschelian Her*sche"li*an (?), a. Of or relating to Sir William Herschel; as, the Herschelian telescope. Herse Herse (?), n. [F. herse harrow, portcullis, OF. herce, LL. hercia, L. hirpex, gen. hirpicis, and irpex, gen. irpicis, harrow. The LL. hercia signifies also a kind of candlestick in the form of a harrow, having branches filled with lights, and placed at the head of graves or cenotaphs; whence herse came to be used for the grave, coffin, or chest containing the dead. Cf. Hearse.] 1. (Fort.) A kind of gate or portcullis, having iron bars, like a harrow, studded with iron spikes. It is hung above gateways so that it may be quickly lowered, to impede the advance of an enemy. Farrow. 2. See Hearse, a carriage for the dead. 3. A funeral ceremonial. [Obs.] Spenser. Herse Herse, v. t. Same as Hearse, v. t. Chapman. Herself Her*self" (?), pron. 1. An emphasized form of the third person feminine pronoun; -- used as a subject with she; as, she herself will bear the blame; also used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it is herself; she blames herself. 2. Her own proper, true, or real character; hence, her right, or sane, mind; as, the woman was deranged, but she is now herself again; she has come to herself. By herself, alone; apart; unaccompanied. Hersillon Her"sil*lon (?), n. [F., fr. herse a harrow. See Herse, n.] (Fort.) A beam with projecting spikes, used to make a breach impassable. Hert Hert (?), n. A hart. [Obs.] Chaucer. Herte Her"te (?), n. A heart. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hertely Her"te*ly, a. & adv. Hearty; heartily. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hery Her"y (?), v. t. [AS. herian.] To worship; to glorify; to praise. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Hesitancy Hes"i*tan*cy (?), n. [L. haesitantia a stammering.] 1. The act of hesitating, or pausing to consider; slowness in deciding; vacillation; also, the manner of one who hesitates. 2. A stammering; a faltering in speech. Hesitant Hes"i*tant (?), a. [L. haesitans, p. pr. of haesitare: cf. F. h\'82sitant. See Hesitate.] 1. Not prompt in deciding or acting; hesitating. 2. Unready in speech. Baxter. Hesitantly Hes"i*tant*ly, adv. With hesitancy or doubt. Hesitate Hes"i*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hesitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hesitating.] [L. haesitatus, p. p. of haesitare, intens. fr. haerere to hesitate, stick fast; to hang or hold fast. Cf. Aghast, Gaze, Adhere.] 1. To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty as to a determination; as, he hesitated whether to accept the offer or not; men often hesitate in forming a judgment. Pope. 2. To stammer; to falter in speaking. Syn. -- To doubt; waver; scruple; deliberate; demur; falter; stammer. Hesitate Hes"i*tate, v. t. To utter with hesitation or to intimate by a reluctant manner. [Poetic & R.] Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike. Pope. Hesitatingly Hes"i*ta`ting*ly, adv. With hesitation or doubt. Hesitation Hes`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. haesitatio: cf. F. h\'82sitation.] 1. The act of hesitating; suspension of opinion or action; doubt; vacillation. 2. A faltering in speech; stammering. Swift. Hesitative Hes"i*ta*tive (?), a. Showing, or characterized by, hesitation. [He said] in his mild, hesitative way. R. D. Blackmore. Hesitatory Hes"i*ta*to*ry (?), a. Hesitating. R. North. Hesp Hesp (?), n. [Cf. Icel. hespa a hasp, a wisp or skein. See Hasp.] A measure of two hanks of linen thread. [Scot.] [Written also hasp.] Knight. Hesper Hes"per (?), n. [See Hesperian.] The evening; Hesperus. Hesperetin Hes*per"e*tin (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline substance having a sweetish taste, obtained by the decomposition of hesperidin, and regarded as a complex derivative of caffeic acid. Hesperian Hes*pe"ri*an (?), a. [L. hesperius, fr. hesperus the evening star, Gr. Vesper.] Western; being in the west; occidental. [Poetic] Milton. Hesperian Hes*pe"ri*an, n. A native or an inhabitant of a western country. [Poetic] J. Barlow. Hesperian Hes*pe"ri*an, a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a family of butterflies called Hesperid\'91, or skippers. -- n. Any one of the numerous species of Hesperid\'91; a skipper. Hesperid Hes"per*id (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as 3d Hesperian. Hesperidene Hes*per"i*dene (?), n. [See Hesperidium.] (Chem.) An isomeric variety of terpene from orange oil. Hesperides Hes*per"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Class. Myth.) The daughters of Hesperus, or Night (brother of Atlas), and fabled possessors of a garden producing golden apples, in Africa, at the western extremity of the known world. To slay the guarding dragon and get some of these apples was one of the labors of Hercules. Called also Atlantides. 2. The garden producing the golden apples. It not love a Hercules, Still climbing trees in the Hesperides? Shak. Hesperidin Hes*per"i*din (?), n. [See Hesperidium.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in ripe and unripe fruit (as the orange), and extracted as a white crystalline substance. Hesperidium Hes`pe*rid"i*um (?), n. [NL. So called in allusion to the golden apples of the Hesperides. See Hesperides.] (Bot.) A large berry with a thick rind, as a lemon or an orange. Hesperornis Hes`pe*ror"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of large, extinct, wingless birds from the Cretaceous deposits of Kansas, belonging to the Odontornithes. They had teeth, and were essentially carnivorous swimming ostriches. Several species are known. See Illust. in Append. Hesperus Hes"pe*rus (?), n. [L. See Hesper.] 1. Venus when she is the evening star; Hesper. 2. Evening. [Poetic] The Sun was sunk, and after him the Star Of Hesperus. Milton. Hessian Hes"sian (?), a. Of or relating to Hesse, in Germany, or to the Hessians. Hessian boots, OR Hessians, boot of a kind worn in England, in the early part of the nineteenth century, tasseled in front. Thackeray. -- Hessian cloth, OR Hessians, a coarse hempen cloth for sacking. -- Hessian crucible. See under Crucible. -- Hessian fly (Zo\'94l.), a small dipterous fly or midge (Cecidomyia destructor). Its larv\'91 live between the base of the lower leaves and the stalk of wheat, and are very destructive to young wheat; -- so called from the erroneous idea that it was brought into America by the Hessian troops, during the Revolution. Hessian Hes"sian, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Hesse. 2. A mercenary or venal person. [U. S.] NOTE: &hand; Th is us e is a re lic of the patriot hatred of the Hessian mercenaries who served with the British troops in the Revolutionary War. 3. pl. See Hessian boots and cloth, under Hessian, a. Hessite Hess"ite (?), n. [After H. Hess.] (Min.) A lead-gray sectile mineral. It is a telluride of silver. Hest Hest (?), n. [AS. hs, fr. h to call, bid. See Hight, and cf. Behest.] Command; precept; injunction. [Archaic] See Behest. "At thy hest." Shak. Let him that yields obey the victor's hest. Fairfax. Yet I thy hest will all perform, at full. Tennyson. Hestern, Hesternal Hes"tern (?), Hes*ter"nal (?), a. [L. hesternus; akin to heri yesterday.] Pertaining to yesterday. [Obs.] See Yester, a. Ld. Lytton. Hesychast Hes"y*chast (?), n. [Gr. One of a mystical sect of the Greek Church in the fourteenth century; a quietist. Brande & C. Hetairism, Hetarism He*tair"ism (?), Het"a*rism (?), n. [Gr. A supposed primitive state of society, in which all the women of a tribe were held in common. H. Spencer. -- Het`a*ris"tic (#), a. Hetchel Hetch"el (?), v. t. Same as Hatchel. Hete Hete (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hete, later Het.] Variant of Hote. [Obs.] But one avow to greate God I hete. Chaucer. Heteracanth Het"er*a*canth (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the spines of the dorsal fin unsymmetrical, or thickened alternately on the right and left sides. Heterarchy Het"er*arch`y (?), n. [Hetero- + -archy.] The government of an alien. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Heterauxesis Het`e*raux*e"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) Unequal growth of a cell, or of a part of a plant. Hetero- Het"er*o- (?). [Gr. "e`teros other.] A combining form signifying other, other than usual, different; as, heteroclite, heterodox, heterogamous. Heterocarpism Het`er*o*car"pism (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. (Bot.) The power of producing two kinds of reproductive bodies, as in Amphicarp\'91a, in which besides the usual pods, there are others underground. Heterocarpous Het`er*o*car"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by heterocarpism. Hetercephalous Het`er*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Bot.) Bearing two kinds of heads or capitula; -- said of certain composite plants. Heterocera Het`e*roc"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Lepidoptera, including the moths, and hawk moths, which have the antenn\'91 variable in form. Heterocercal Het`er*o*cer"cal (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Anat.) Having the vertebral column evidently continued into the upper lobe of the tail, which is usually longer than the lower one, as in sharks. _________________________________________________________________ Page 690 Heterocercy Het"er*o*cer`cy (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. (anat.) Unequal development of the tail lobes of fishes; the possession of a heterocercal tail. Heterochromous Het`er*o*chro"mous (?; 277), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (bot.) Having the central florets of a flower head of a different color from those of the circumference. Heterochronism, Heterochrony Het`er*och"ro*nism (?), Het`er*och"ro*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) In evolution, a deviation from the typical sequence in the formation of organs or parts. Heteroclite Het"er*o*clite, a. [L. heteroclitus, Gr. h\'82t\'82roclite.] Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal. Heteroclite Het"er*o*clite, n. 1. (Gram.) A word which is irregular or anomalous either in declension or conjugation, or which deviates from ordinary forms of inflection in words of a like kind; especially, a noun which is irregular in declension. 2. Any thing or person deviating from the common rule, or from common forms. Howell. Heteroclitic, Heteroclitical Het`er*o*clit"ic (?), Het`er*o*clit"ic*al (?), a. [See Heteroclite.] Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal. Heteroclitous Het`er*oc"li*tous (?), a. Heteroclitic. [Obs.] Heterocyst Het"er*o*cyst (?), n. [Hetero- + cyst.] (Bot.) A cell larger than the others, and of different appearance, occurring in certain alg\'91 related to nostoc. Heterodactyl Het`er*o*dac"tyl (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Heterodactylous. -- n. One of the Heterodactyl\'91. Heterodactyl\'91 Het`e*ro*dac"ty*l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of birds including the trogons. Heterodactylous Het`er*o*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the first and second toes turned backward, as in the trogons. Heterodont Het"er*o*dont (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Anat.) Having the teeth differentiated into incisors, canines, and molars, as in man; -- opposed to homodont. Heterodont Het"er*o*dont, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any animal with heterodont dentition. Heterodox Het"er*o*dox (?), a. [Gr. h\'82t\'82rodoxe.] 1. Contrary to, or differing from, some acknowledged standard, as the Bible, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, and the like; not orthodox; heretical; -- said of opinions, doctrines, books, etc., esp. upon theological subjects. Raw and indigested, heterodox, preaching. Strype. 2. Holding heterodox opinions, or doctrines not orthodox; heretical; -- said of persons. Macaulay. -- Het"er*o*dox`ly, adv. -- Het"er*o*dox`ness, n. Heterodox Het"er*o*dox, n. An opinion opposed to some accepted standard. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Heterodoxal Het"er*o*dox`al (?), a. Not orthodox. Howell. Heterodoxy Het"er*o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr. h\'82t\'82rodoxie.] An opinion or doctrine, or a system of doctrines, contrary to some established standard of faith, as the Scriptures, the creed or standards of a church, etc.; heresy. Bp. Bull. Heterodromous Het`er*od"ro*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. 1. (Bot.) Having spirals of changing direction. Gray. 2. (Mech.) Moving in opposite directions; -- said of a lever, pulley, etc., in which the resistance and the actuating force are on opposite sides of the fulcrum or axis. Heterogamous Het`er*og"a*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. ga`mos marriage: cf. F. h\'82t\'82rogame.] (Bot. & Biol.) (a) The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers which differ in regard to stamens and pistils, as in the aster. (b) Characterized by heterogamy. Heterogamy Het`er*og"a*my (?), n. [See Heterogamous.] 1. (Bot.) The process of fertilization in plants by an indirect or circuitous method; -- opposed to orthogamy. 2. (Biol.) That form of alternate generation in which two kinds of sexual generation, or a sexual and a parthenogenetic generation, alternate; -- in distinction from metagenesis, where sexual and asexual generations alternate. Claus & Sedgwick. Heterogangliate Het`er*o*gan"gli*ate (?), a. [Hetero- + gangliate.] (Physiol.) Having the ganglia of the nervous system unsymmetrically arranged; -- said of certain invertebrate animals. Heterogene Het"er*o*gene (?), a. Heterogenous. [Obs.] Heterogeneal Het`er*o*ge"ne*al (?), a. Heterogeneous. Heterogeneity Het`er*o*ge*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. h\'82t\'82rog\'82n\'82it\'82.] The state of being heterogeneous; contrariety. The difference, indeed the heterogeneity, of the two may be felt. Coleridge. Heterogeneous Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Gr. kin: cf. F. h\'82t\'82rog\'8ane.] Differing in kind; having unlike qualities; possessed of different characteristics; dissimilar; -- opposed to homogeneous, and said of two or more connected objects, or of a conglomerate mass, considered in respect to the parts of which it is made up. -- Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ness, n. Heterogeneous nouns (Gram.), nouns having different genders in the singular and plural numbers; as, hic locus, of the masculine gender in the singular, and hi loci and h\'91c loca, both masculine and neuter in the plural; hoc c\'91lum, neuter in the singular; hi c\'91li, masculine in the plural. -- Heterogeneous quantities (Math.), such quantities as are incapable of being compared together in respect to magnitude, and surfaces and solids. -- Heterogeneous surds (Math.), surds having different radical signs. Heterogenesis Het`er*o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Hetero- + genesis.] 1. (Biol.) Spontaneous generation, so called. 2. (Biol.) That method of reproduction in which the successive generations differ from each other, the parent organism producing offspring different in habit and structure from itself, the original form, however, reappearing after one or more generations; -- opposed to homogenesis, or gamogenesis. Heterogenetic Het`er*o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to heterogenesis; as, heterogenetic transformations. Heterogenist Het`er*og"e*nist (?), n. (Biol.) One who believes in the theory of spontaneous generation, or heterogenesis. Bastian. Heterogenous Het`er*og"e*nous (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to heterogenesis; heterogenetic. Heterogeny Het`er*og"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Heterogenesis. Heterogonous Het`er*og"o*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by heterogony. -- Het`er*og"o*nous*ly, adv. Heterogony Het`er*og"o*ny (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. (Bot.) The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers, different as to the length of their stamens and pistils. Heterographic Het`er*o*graph"ic (?), a. [See Heterography.] Employing the same letters to represent different sounds in different words or syllables; -- said of methods of spelling; as, the ordinary English orthography is heterographic. Heterography Het`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Hetero- + -graphy.] That method of spelling in which the same letters represent different sounds in different words, as in the ordinary English orthography; e. g., g in get and in ginger. Heterogynous Het`er*og"y*nous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having females very unlike the males in form and structure; -- as certain insects, the males of which are winged, and the females wingless. Heterologous Het`er*ol"o*gous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. Characterized by heterology; consisting of different elements, or of like elements in different proportions; different; -- opposed to homologous; as, heterologous organs. Heterologous stimulus. (Physiol.) See under Stimulus. -- Heterologous tumor (Med.), a tumor differing in structure from the normal tissues of the body. Heterology Het`er*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Hetero- + -logy.] 1. (Biol.) The absence of correspondence, or relation, in type of structure; lack of analogy between parts, owing to their being composed of different elements, or of like elements in different proportions; variation in structure from the normal form; -- opposed to homology. 2. (Chem.) The connection or relation of bodies which have partial identity of composition, but different characteristics and properties; the relation existing between derivatives of the same substance, or of the analogous members of different series; as, ethane, ethyl alcohol, acetic aldehyde, and acetic acid are in heterology with each other, though each in at the same time a member of a distinct homologous series. Cf. Homology. Heteromera Het`e*rom"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Coleoptera, having heteromerous tarsi. Heteromerous Het`er*om"er*ous (?), a. [See Heteromera.] 1. (Chem & Crystallog.) Unrelated in chemical composition, though similar or indentical in certain other respects; as, borax and augite are hom\'d2morphous, but heteromerous. 2. (Bot.) With the parts not corresponding in number. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the femoral artery developed as the principal artery of the leg; -- said of certain birds, as the cotingas and pipras. (b) Having five tarsal joints in the anterior and middle legs, but only four in the posterior pair, as the blister beetles and oil beetles. Heteromorphic Het`er*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Biol.) Deviating from the normal, perfect, or mature form; having different forms at different stages of existence, or in different individuals of the same species; -- applied especially to insects in which there is a wide difference of form between the larva and the adult, and to plants having more than one form of flower. Heteromorphism, Heteromorphy Het`er*o*mor"phism (?), Het`er*o*mor"phy (?), n. (Biol.) The state or quality of being heteromorphic. Heteromorphous Het`er*o*mor"phous (?), a. (Biol.) Heteromorphic. Heteromyaria Het`e*ro*my*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of bivalve shells, including the marine mussels, in which the two adductor muscles are very unequal. See Dreissena, and Illust. under Byssus. Heteronereis Het`e*ro*ne*re"is (?), n. [NL. See Hetero-, and Nereis.] (Zo\'94l.) A free-swimming, dimorphic, sexual form of certain species of Nereis. NOTE: &hand; In this state the head and its appendages are changed in form, the eyes become very large; more or less of the parapodia are highly modified by the development of finlike lobes, and branchial lamell\'91, and their set\'91 become longer and bladelike. Heteronomous Het`er*on"o*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. no`mos law.] Subject to the law of another. Krauth-Fleming. Heteronomy Het`er*on"o*my (?), n. 1. Subordination or subjection to the law of another; political subjection of a community or state; -- opposed to autonomy. 2. (Metaph.) A term applied by Kant to those laws which are imposed on us from without, or the violence done to us by our passions, wants, or desires. Krauth-Fleming. Heteronym Het"er*o*nym (?), n. That which is heteronymous; a thing having a different name or designation from some other thing; -- opposed to homonym. Heteronymous Het`er*on"y*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. "o`nyma, for "o`noma a name.] Having different names or designations; standing in opposite relations. J. Le Conte. -- Het"er*on"y*mous*ly, adv. Heteroousian Het`er*o*ou`si*an (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. Having different essential qualities; of a different nature. Heteroousian Het`er*o*ou"si*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of those Arians who held that the Son was of a different substance from the Father. Heteroousious Het`er*o*ou"si*ous (?), a. See Heteroousian. Heteropathic Het`er*o*path"ic (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. Of or pertaining to the method of heteropathy; allopathic. Heteropathy Het`er*op"a*thy (?), n. [See Heteropathic.] (Med.) That mode of treating diseases, by which a morbid condition is removed by inducing an opposite morbid condition to supplant it; allopathy. Heteropelmous Het`er*o*pel"mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Anat.) Having each of the two flexor tendons of the toes bifid, the branches of one going to the first and second toes; those of the other, to the third and fourth toes. See Illust. in Append. Heterophagi Het`e*roph"a*gi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Altrices. Heterophemist Het`er*oph"e*mist (?), n. One liable to the fault of heterophemy. Heterophemy Het`er*oph"e*my (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. The unconscious saying, in speech or in writing, of that which one does not intend to say; -- frequently the very reverse of the thought which is present to consciousness.<-- Freudian slip --> R. G. White. Heterophony Het`er*oph"o*ny (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. (Med.) An abnormal state of the voice. Mayne. Heterophyllous Het`er*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. h\'82t\'82rophylle.] (Bot.) Having leaves of more than one shape on the same plant. Heteroplasm Het"er*o*plasm (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. An abnormal formation foreign to the economy, and composed of elements different from those are found in it in its normal condition. Dunglison. Heteroplastic Het`er*o*plas"tic (?), a. [Hetero- + -plastic.] (Biol.) Producing a different type of organism; developing into a different form of tissue, as cartilage which develops into bone. Haeckel. Heteropod Het`er*o*pod (?), n. [Cf. F. h\'82t\'82ropode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Heteropoda. -- a. Heteropodous. Heteropoda Het`e*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of pelagic Gastropoda, having the foot developed into a median fin. Some of the species are naked; others, as Carinaria and Atlanta, have thin glassy shells. Heteropodous Het`er*op"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Heteropoda. Heteropter Het`er*op"ter (?), n. One of the Heteroptera. Heteroptera Het`e*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Hemiptera, in which the base of the anterior wings is thickened. See Hemiptera. Heteroptics Het`er*op"tics (?), n. [Hetero- + optics.] False optics. Spectator. Heteroscian Het`er*os"cian (?), n. [Gr. h\'82t\'82roscien.] One who lives either north or south of the tropics, as contrasted with one who lives on the other side of them; -- so called because at noon the shadows always fall in opposite directions (the one northward, the other southward). Heterosis Het`e*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which one form of a noun, verb, or pronoun, and the like, is used for another, as in the sentence: "What is life to such as me?" Aytoun. Heterosomati Het`e*ro*so"ma*ti (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes, comprising the flounders, halibut, sole, etc., having the body and head asymmetrical, with both eyes on one side. Called also Heterosomata, Heterosomi. Heterosporic, Heterosporous Het`er*o*spor"ic (?), Het`er*o*spor"ous (?), a. [Hetero- + spore.] (Bot.) Producing two kinds of spores unlike each other. Heterostyled Het"er*o*styled (?), a. (Bot.) Having styles of two or more distinct forms or lengths. Darwin. Heterostylism Het`er*o*sty"lism (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being heterostyled. Heterotactous Het`er*o*tac"tous (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to, or characterized by, heterotaxy. Heterotaxy Het"er*o*tax`y (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. (Biol.) Variation in arrangement from that existing in a normal form; heterogenous arrangement or structure, as, in botany, the deviation in position of the organs of a plant, from the ordinary or typical arrangement. Heterotopism, Heterotopy Het`er*ot"o*pism (?), Het`er*ot"o*py (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. h\'82t\'82rotopie.] 1. (Med.) A deviation from the natural position; -- a term applied in the case of organs or growths which are abnormal in situation. 2. (Biol.) A deviation from the natural position of parts, supposed to be effected in thousands of years, by the gradual displacement of germ cells. _________________________________________________________________ Page 691 Heterotricha Het`e*rot"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of ciliated Infusoria, having fine cilia all over the body, and a circle of larger ones around the anterior end. Heterotropal, Heterotropous Het`er*ot"ro*pal (?), Het`er*ot"ro*pous (, a. [Gr. "etero`tropos turning another way; h\'82t\'82rotrope.] (Bot.) Having the embryo or ovule oblique or transverse to the funiculus; amphitropous. Gray. Hething He"thing (?), n. Contempt; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hetman Het"man (?), n.; pl. Hetmans (#). [Pol. hetman. Cf. Ataman.] A Cossack headman or general. The title of chief hetman is now held by the heir to the throne of Russia. Heugh Heugh (?), n. [Cf. Hogh.] 1. A crag; a cliff; a glen with overhanging sides. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 2. A shaft in a coal pit; a hollow in a quarry. [Scot.] Heuk Heuk (?), n. Variant of Huke. [Obs.] Heulandite Heu"land*ite (?), n. [After Heuland, an English mineralogist.] (Min.) A mineral of the Zeolite family, often occurring in amygdaloid, in foliated masses, and also in monoclinic crystals with pearly luster on the cleavage face. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Heuristic Heu*ris"tic (?), a. [Gr. Serving to discover or find out. Heved Hev"ed (?), n. The head. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hew Hew (?), v. t. [imp. Hewed (?); p. p. Hewed or Hewn (; p. pr. & vb. n. Hewing.] [AS. he\'a0wan; akin to D. houwen, OHG. houwan, G. hauen, Icel. h\'94ggva, Sw. hugga, Dan. hugge, Lith. kova battle, Russ. kovate to hammer, forge. Cf. Hay cut grass, Hoe.] 1. To cut with an ax; to fell with a sharp instrument; -- often with down, or off. Shak. 2. To form or shape with a sharp instrument; to cut; hence, to form laboriously; -- often with out; as, to hew out a sepulcher. Look unto the rock whence ye are hewn. Is. li. 1. Rather polishing old works than hewing out new. Pope. 3. To cut in pieces; to chop; to hack. Hew them to pieces; hack their bones asunder. Shak. Hew Hew, n. Destruction by cutting down. [Obs.] Of whom he makes such havoc and such hew. Spenser. Hew Hew, n. 1. Hue; color. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Shape; form. [Obs.] Spenser. Hewe Hewe (?), n. [Cf. Hind a peasant.] A domestic servant; a retainer. [Obs.] "False homely hewe." Chaucer. Hewer Hew"er (?), n. One who hews. Hewhole Hew"hole` (?), n. [Cf. Hickwall.] (Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker. See Yaffle. Hewn Hewn (?), a. 1. Felled, cut, or shaped as with an ax; roughly squared; as, a house built of hewn logs. 2. Roughly dressed as with a hammer; as, hewn stone. Hex-, Hexa Hex- (?), Hex"a (#). [Gr. Six.] A prefix or combining form, used to denote six, sixth, etc.; as, hexatomic, hexabasic. Hexabasic Hex`a*ba"sic (?), a. [Hexa- + basic.] (Chem.) Having six hydrogen atoms or six radicals capable of being replaced or saturated by bases; -- said of acids; as, mellitic acid is hexabasic. Hexacapsular Hex`a*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Hexa- + capsular.] (Bot.) Having six capsules or seed vessels. Hexachord Hex"a*chord (?), n. [Hexa- + Gr. hexacorde.] (Mus.) A series of six notes, with a semitone between the third and fourth, the other intervals being whole tones. Hexacid Hex`ac"id (?), a. [Hex- + acid.] (Chem.) Having six atoms or radicals capable of being replaced by acids; hexatomic; hexavalent; -- said of bases; as, mannite is a hexacid base. Hexactinellid Hex*ac`ti*nel"lid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having six-rayed spicules; belonging to the Hexactinellin\'91. Hexactinelline Hex*ac`ti*nel"line (?), a. [From NL. Hexactinellin\'91, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Hexactinellin\'91, a group of sponges, having six-rayed siliceous spicules. Hexactinia Hex`ac*tin"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hex-, and Actinia.] (Zo\'94l.) The Anthozoa. Hexad Hex"ad (?), n. [L. hexas, hexadis, the number six, Gr. (chem.) An atom whose valence is six, and which can be theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, six monad atoms or radicals; as, sulphur is a hexad in sulphuric acid. Also used as an adjective. Hexadactylous Hex`a*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Gr. hexadactyle.] (Zo\'94l.) Having six fingers or toes. Hexade Hex"ade (?), n. [See Hexad.] A series of six numbers. Hexadecane Hex"a*dec`ane (?), n. (Chem.) See Hecdecane. Hexagon Hex"a*gon (?), n. [L. hexagonum, Gr. six) + (Geom.) A plane figure of six angles. Regular hexagon, a hexagon in which the angles are all equal, and the sides are also all equal. Hexagonal Hex*ag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. hexagonal.] Having six sides and six angles; six-sided. Hexagonal system. (Crystal.) See under Crystallization. Hexagonally Hex*ag"o*nal*ly, adv. In an hexagonal manner. Hexagony Hex*ag"o*ny (?), n. A hexagon. [Obs.] Bramhall. Hexagynia Hex`a*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. hexagynie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants having six pistils. Hexagynian, Hexagynous Hex`a*gyn"i*an (?), Hex*ag"y*nous (, a. [Cf. F. hexagyne.] (Bot.) Having six pistils. Hexahedral Hex`a*he"dral (?), a. In the form of a hexahedron; having six sides or faces. Hexahedron Hex`a*he"dron (?), n.; pl. E. Hexahedrons (#), L. Hexahedra (#). [Hexa- + Gr. hexa\'8adre.] (Geom.) A solid body of six sides or faces. Regular hexahedron, a hexagon having six equal squares for its sides; a cube. Hexahemeron Hex`a*hem"er*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. hexa\'89meron, Gr. 1. A term of six days. Good. 2. The history of the six day's work of creation, as contained in the first chapter of Genesis. Hexamerous Hex*am"er*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr. (Bot.) In six parts; in sixes. Hexameter Hex*am"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. hexam\'8atre. See Six, and Meter.] (Gr. & Lat. Pros.) A verse of six feet, the first four of which may be either dactyls or spondees, the fifth must regularly be a dactyl, and the sixth always a spondee. In this species of verse are composed the Iliad of Homer and the \'92neid of Virgil. In English hexameters accent takes the place of quantity. Leaped like the | roe when he | hears in the | woodland the | voice of the | huntsman. Longfellow. Strongly it | bears us a- | long on | swelling and | limitless | billows, Nothing be- | fore and | nothing be- | hind but the | sky and the | ocean. Coleridge. Hexameter Hex*am"e*ter, a. Having six metrical feet, especially dactyls and spondees. Holland. Hexametric, Hexametrical Hex`a*met"ric (?), Hex`a*met"ric*al (?), a. Consisting of six metrical feet. Hexametrist Hex*am"e*trist (?), n. One who writes in hexameters. "The Christian hexametrists." Milman. Hexandria Hex*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. hexandrie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having six stamens. Hexandrian, Hex-androus Hex*an"dri*an (?), Hex-an"drous (?), a. [Cf. F. hexandre.] (Bot.) Having six stamens. Hexane Hex"ane (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.)Any one of five hydrocarbons, C6H14, of the paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, and are so called because the molecule has six carbon atoms. Hexangular Hex*an"gu*lar (?), a. [Hex- + angular. Cf. Sexangular.] Having six angles or corners. Hexapetalous Hex`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + petal: cf. F. hexap\'82tale.] (Bot.) Having six petals. Hexaphyllous Hex*aph"yl*lous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr. hexaphylle.] (Bot.) Having six leaves or leaflets. Hexapla Hex"a*pla (?), n. Etym. pl., but syntactically sing. [NL., fr. Gr. A collection of the Holy Scriptures in six languages or six versions in parallel columns; particularly, the edition of the Old Testament published by Origen, in the 3d century. Hexapod Hex"a*pod (?), a. [Gr. hexapode.] Having six feet. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal having six feet; one of the Hexapoda. Hexapoda Hex*ap"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) The true, or six-legged, insects; insects other than myriapods and arachnids. NOTE: &hand; Th e He xapoda ha ve th e he ad, th orax, an d abdomen differentiated, and are mostly winged. They have three pairs of mouth organs, viz., mandibles, maxill\'91, and the second maxill\'91 or labial palpi; three pairs of thoracic legs; and abdominal legs, which are present only in some of the lowest forms, and in the larval state of some of the higher ones. Many (the Metabola) undergo a complete metamorphosis, having larv\'91 (known as maggots, grubs, caterpillars) very unlike the adult, and pass through a quiescent pupa state in which no food is taken; others (the Hemimetabola) have larv\'91 much like the adult, expert in lacking wings, and an active pupa, in which rudimentary wings appear. See Insecta. The Hexapoda are divided into several orders. Hexapodous Hex*ap"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having six feet; belonging to the Hexapoda. Hexapterous Hex*ap"ter*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr. (Bot.) Having six processes. Gray. Hexastich, Hexastichon Hex"a*stich (?), Hex*as"ti*chon (?), n. [L. hexastichus of six rows, lines, or verses, Gr. "e`x six + sti`chos row, line, verse.] A poem consisting of six verses or lines. Hexastyle Hex"a*style (?), a. [Gr. hexastyle.] (Arch.) Having six columns in front; -- said of a portico or temple. -- n. A hexastyle portico or temple. Hexateuch Hex"a*teuch` (?), n. [Hexa- + The first six books of the Old Testament. Hexatomic Hex`a*tom"ic (?), a. [Hex- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having six atoms in the molecule. [R.] (b) Having six replaceable radicals. Hexavalent Hex*av"a*lent (?), a. [Hexa- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of six; -- said of hexads. Hexdecyl Hex"de*cyl (?), n. [Hex- + decyl.] (Chem.) The essential radical, C16H33, of hecdecane. Hexdecylic Hex`de*cyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexdecyl or hecdecane; as, hexdecylic alcohol. Hexeikosane Hex*ei"ko*sane (?), n. [Hex- + eikosane.] (chem.) A hydrocarbon, C26H54, resembling paraffine; -- so called because each molecule has twenty-six atoms of carbon. [Written also hexacosane.] Hexene Hex"ene (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) Same as Hexylene. Hexicology Hex`i*col"ogy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science which treats of the complex relations of living creatures to other organisms, and to their surrounding conditions generally. <-- = ecology --> St. George Mivart. Hexine Hex"ine (?), n. [Gr. "e`x six.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C6H10, of the acetylene series, obtained artificially as a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid; -- called also hexoylene. Hexoctahedron Hex*oc`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Hex- + octahedron.] (Geom.) A solid having forty-eight equal triangular faces. Hexoic Hex*o"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexane; as, hexoic acid. Hexone Hex"one (?), n. [Hex- + -one.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C6H8, of the valylene series, obtained from distillation products of certain fats and gums. Hexyl Hex"yl (?), n. [Hex- + -yl.] (chem.) A compound radical, C6H13, regarded as the essential residue of hexane, and a related series of compounds. Hexylene Hex"yl*ene (?), n. [Hex- + -yl + ethlene.] (Chem.) A colorless, liquid hydrocarbon, C6H12, of the ethylene series, produced artificially, and found as a natural product of distillation of certain coals; also, any one several isomers of hexylene proper. Called also hexene. Hexylic Hex*yl"ic (?), a. (chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexyl or hexane; as, hexylic alcohol. Hey Hey (?), a. [See High.] High. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hey Hey (?), interj. [OE. hei; cf. D. & G. hei.] 1. An exclamation of joy, surprise, or encouragement. Shak. 2. A cry to set dogs on. Shak. Heyday Hey"day` (?), interj. [Cf. G. heida, or hei da, D. hei daar. Cf. Hey, and There.] An expression of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of wonder. B. Jonson. Heyday Hey"day` (?), n. [Prob. for. high day. See High, and Day.] The time of triumph and exultation; hence, joy, high spirits, frolicsomeness; wildness. The heyday in the blood is tame. Shak. In the heyday of their victories. J. H. Newman. Heydeguy Hey"de*guy (?), n. [Perh. fr. heyday + guise.] A kind of country-dance or round. [Obs.] Spenser. Heyh, Heygh Heyh, Heygh (, a. High. [Obs.] Chaucer. Heyne Heyne (?), n. [AS. he\'a0n low, mean.] A wretch; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer. Heyten Hey"ten (?), adv. [Icel. h.] Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hiation Hi*a"tion (?), n. [See Hiatus.] Act of gaping. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Hiatus Hi*a"tus (?), n.; pl. L. Hiatus, E. Hiatuses (#). [L., fr. hiare, hiatum, to gape; akin to E. yawn. See Yawn.] 1. An opening; an aperture; a gap; a chasm; esp., a defect in a manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced; a space where something is wanting; a break. 2. (Gram.) The concurrence of two vowels in two successive words or syllables. Pope. Hibernacle Hi*ber"na*cle (?), n. [L. hibernaculum a winter residence, pl. hibernacula winter quarters: cf. F. hibernacle. See Hibernate.] That which serves for protection or shelter in winter; winter quarters; as, the hibernacle of an animal or a plant. Martyn. Hibernaculum Hi`ber*nac"u*lum (?), n. [See Hibernacle.] 1. (Bot.) A winter bud, in which the rudimentary foliage or flower, as of most trees and shrubs in the temperate zone, is protected by closely overlapping scales. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A little case in which certain insects pass the winter. 3. Winter home or abiding place. J. Burroughs. Hibernal Hi*ber"nal (?), a. [L. hibernalis, from the root of hiems winter; akin to Gr. hima cold, winter, snow: cf. F. hibernal.] Belonging or relating to winter; wintry; winterish. Sir T. Browne. Hibernate Hi"ber*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hibernated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hibernating (?).] [L. hibernare, hibernatum, fr. hibernu wintry. See Hibernal.] To winter; to pass the season of winter in close quarters, in a torpid or lethargic state, as certain mammals, reptiles, and insects. Inclination would lead me to hibernate, during half the year, in this uncomfortable climate of Great Britain. Southey. Hibernation Hi`ber*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. hibernation.] The act or state of hibernating. Evelyn. Hibernian Hi*ber"ni*an (?), a. [L. Hibernia, Ireland.] Of or pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland; Irish. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Ireland. Hibernicism, Hibernianism Hi*ber"ni*cism (?), Hi*ber"ni*an*ism (?), n. An idiom or mode of speech peculiar to the Irish. Todd. Hiberno-Celtic Hi*ber"no-Celt"ic (?), n. The native language of the Irish; that branch of the Celtic languages spoken by the natives of Ireland. Also adj. Hibiscus Hi*bis"cus (?), n. [L., marsh mallow; cf. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees), some species of which have large, showy flowers. Some species are cultivated in India for their fiber, which is used as a substitute for hemp. See Althea, Hollyhock, and Manoe. Hiccius doctius Hic"ci*us doc"ti*us (?). [Corrupted fr. L. hic est doctus this is a learned man.] A juggler. [Cant]<-- ==> hocus pocus --> Hudibras. _________________________________________________________________ Page 692 Hiccough Hic"cough (?; 277), n. [OE. hickup, hicket, hickock; prob. of imitative origin; cf. D. & Dan. hik, Sw. hicka, Armor. hak, hik, W. ig, F. hoquet.] (Physiol.) A modified respiratory movement; a spasmodic inspiration, consisting of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm, accompanied with closure of the glottis, so that further entrance of air is prevented, while the impulse of the column of air entering and striking upon the closed glottis produces a sound, or hiccough. [Written also hickup or hiccup.] Hiccough Hic"cough (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hiccoughed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiccoughing.] To have a hiccough or hiccoughs. Hickory Hick"o*ry (?), n. [North American Indian pawcohiccora (Capt. J. Smith) a kind of milk or oily liquor pressed from pounded hickory nuts. "Pohickory" is named in a list of Virginia trees, in 1653, and this was finally shortened to "hickory." J. H. Trumbull.] (Bot.) An American tree of the genus Carya, of which there are several species. The shagbark is the C. alba, and has a very rough bark; it affords the hickory nut of the markets. The pignut, or brown hickory, is the C. glabra. The swamp hickory is C. amara, having a nut whose shell is very thin and the kernel bitter. Hickory shad. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mattowacca, or fall herring. (b) The gizzard shad. Hicksite Hicks"ite (?), n. A member or follower of the "liberal" party, headed by Elias Hicks, which, because of a change of views respecting the divinity of Christ and the Atonement, seceded from the conservative portion of the Society of Friends in the United States, in 1827. Hickup Hick"up (?), n. & v. i. See Hiccough. Hickwall, Hickway Hick"wall` (?), Hick"way` (?), n. [OE., also hyghwhele, highawe.] The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor) of Europe. [Prov. Eng.] Hid Hid (?), imp. & p. p. of Hide. See Hidden. Hidage Hid"age (?), n. [From hide a quantity of land.] (O. Eng. Law.) A tax formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of land. [Written also hydage.] Hidalgo Hi*dal"go (?), n. [Sp., contr. fr. hijo de algo, i. e., son of something; hijo son (fr. LL. filius) + algo something, fr. L. aliquod. Cf. Fidalgo.] A title, denoting a Spanish nobleman of the lower class. Hidden Hid"den (?), p. p. & a. from Hide. Concealed; put out of view; secret; not known; mysterious. Hidden fifths OR octaves (Mus.), consecutive fifths or octaves, not sounded, but suggested or implied in the parallel motion of two parts towards a fifth or an octave. Syn. -- Hidden, Secret, Covert. Hidden may denote either known to on one; as, a hidden disease; or intentionally concealed; as, a hidden purpose of revenge. Secret denotes that the thing is known only to the party or parties concerned; as, a secret conspiracy. Covert literally denotes what is not open or avowed; as, a covert plan; but is often applied to what we mean shall be understood, without openly expressing it; as, a covert allusion. Secret is opposed to known, and hidden to revealed. Bring to light the hidden things of darkness. 1 Cor. iv. 5. My heart, which by a secret harmony Still moves with thine, joined in connection sweet. Milton. By what best way, Whether of open war, or covert guile, We now debate. Milton. Hiddenite Hid"den*ite (?), n. [After W. E. Hidden.] (Min.) An emerald-green variety of spodumene found in North Carolina; lithia emerald, -- used as a gem. Hiddenly Hid"den*ly (?), adv. In a hidden manner. Hide Hide (?), v. t. [imp. Hid (?); p. p. Hidden (?), Hid; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiding (?).] [OE. hiden, huden, AS. h; akin to Gr. house, hut, and perh. to E. hide of an animal, and to hoard. Cf. Hoard.] 1. To conceal, or withdraw from sight; to put out of view; to secrete. A city that is set on an hill can not be hid. Matt. v. 15. If circumstances lead me, I will find Where truth is hid. Shak. 2. To withhold from knowledge; to keep secret; to refrain from avowing or confessing. Heaven from all creatures hides the book of fate. Pope. 3. To remove from danger; to shelter. In the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion. Ps. xxvi. 5. To hide one's self, to put one's self in a condition to be safe; to secure protection. "A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself." Prov. xxii. 3. -- To hide the face, to withdraw favor. "Thou didst hide thy face, and I was troubled." Ps. xxx. 7. -- To hide the face from. (a) To overlook; to pardon. "Hide thy face from my sins." Ps. li. 9. (b) To withdraw favor from; to be displeased with. Syn. -- To conceal; secrete; disguise; dissemble; screen; cloak; mask; veil. See Conceal. Hide Hide, v. i. To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of view; to be withdrawn from sight or observation. Bred to disguise, in public 'tis you hide. Pope. Hide and seek, a play of children, in which some hide themselves, and others seek them. Swift. Hide Hide, n. [AS. h\'c6d, earlier h\'c6ged; prob. orig., land enough to support a family; cf. AS. h\'c6wan, h\'c6gan, members of a household, and E. hind a peasant.] (O. Eng. Law.) (a) An abode or dwelling. (b) A measure of land, common in Domesday Book and old English charters, the quantity of which is not well ascertained, but has been differently estimated at 80, 100, and 120 acres. [Written also hyde.] Hide Hide, n. [OE.hide, hude, AS. h; akin to D. huid, OHG, h, G. haut, Icel. h, Dan. & Sw. hud, L. cutis, Gr. scutum shield, and E. sky. .] 1. The skin of an animal, either raw or dressed; -- generally applied to the undressed skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen, horses, etc. 2. The human skin; -- so called in contempt. O tiger's heart, wrapped in a woman's hide! Shak. Hide Hide (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hided; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiding.] To flog; to whip. [Prov. Eng. & Low, U. S.] Hidebound Hide"bound` (?), a. 1. Having the skin adhering so closely to the ribs and back as not to be easily loosened or raised; -- said of an animal. 2. (Hort.) Having the bark so close and constricting that it impedes the growth; -- said of trees. Bacon. 3. Untractable; bigoted; obstinately and blindly or stupidly conservative. Milton. Carlyle. 4. Niggardly; penurious. [Obs.] Quarles. Hideous Hid"e*ous (?; 277), a. [OE. hidous, OF. hidous, hidos, hidus, hisdos, hisdous, F. hideux: cf. OF. hide, hisde, fright; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. egid\'c6 horror, or L. hispidosus, for hispidus rough, bristly, E. hispid.] 1. Frightful, shocking, or offensive to the eyes; dreadful to behold; as, a hideous monster; hideous looks. "A piteous and hideous spectacle." Macaulay. 2. Distressing or offensive to the ear; exciting terror or dismay; as, a hideous noise. "Hideous cries." Shak. 3. Hateful; shocking. "Sure, you have some hideous matter to deliver." Shak. Syn. -- Frightful; ghastly; grim; grisly; horrid; dreadful; terrible. -- Hid"e*ous*ly, adv. -- Hid"e*ous*ness, n. Hider Hid"er (?), n. One who hides or conceals. Hiding Hid"ing, n. The act of hiding or concealing, or of withholding from view or knowledge; concealment. There was the hiding of his power. Hab. iii. 4. Hiding Hid"ing, n. A flogging. [Colloq.] Charles Reade. Hie Hie (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hying.] [OE. hien, hihen, highen, AS. higian to hasten, strive; cf. L. ciere to put in motion, call upon, rouse, Gr. cite.] To hasten; to go in haste; -- also often with the reciprocal pronoun. [Rare, except in poetry] "My husband hies him home." Shak. The youth, returning to his mistress, hies. Dryden. Hie Hie, n. Haste; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hiems Hi"ems (?), n. [L.] Winter. Shak. Hierapicra Hi"e*ra*pi"cra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (med.) A warming cathartic medicine, made of aloes and canella bark. Dunglison. Hierarch Hi"er*arch (?), n. [LL. hierarcha, Gr. ishiras vigorous, fresh, blooming) + hi\'82rarque.] One who has high and controlling authority in sacred things; the chief of a sacred order; as, princely hierarchs. Milton. Hierarchal, Hierarchic Hi"er*arch`al (?), Hi`er*arch"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a hierarch. "The great hierarchal standard." Milton. Hierarchical Hi`er*arch"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hi\'82rarchique.] Pertaining to a hierarchy. -- Hi`er*arch`ic*al*ly, adv. <-- MW10 = "of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy" --> <-- 2. Pertaining to a transitive relation between objects by which they may be ordered into a hierarchy. --> Hierarchism Hi"er*arch`ism (?), n. The principles or authority of a hierarchy. The more dominant hierarchism of the West. Milman. Hierarchy Hi"er*arch`y (?), n.; pl. Hierarchies (#). [Gr. hi\'82rarchie.] 1. Dominion or authority in sacred things. 2. A body of officials disposed organically in ranks and orders each subordinate to the one above it; a body of ecclesiastical rulers. 3. A form of government administered in the church by patriarchs, metropolitans, archbishops, bishops, and, in an inferior degree, by priests. Shipley. 4. A rank or order of holy beings. Standards and gonfalons . . . for distinction serve Of hierarchies, of orders, and degrees. Milton. <-- 5. Any group of objects ranked so that every one but the topmost is subordinate to a specified one above it. The ordering relation between each object and the one above is called a "hierarchical relation" --> Hieratic Hi`er*at"ic (?), a. [L. hieraticus, Gr. hi\'82ratique.] Consecrated to sacred uses; sacerdotal; pertaining to priests. Hieratic character, a mode of ancient Egyptian writing; a modified form of hieroglyphics, tending toward a cursive hand and formerly supposed to be the sacerdotal character, as the demotic was supposed to be that of the people. It was a false notion of the Greeks that of the three kinds of writing used by the Egyptians, two -- for that reason called hieroglyphic and hieratic -- were employed only for sacred, while the third, the demotic, was employed for secular, purposes. No such distinction is discoverable on the more ancient Egyptian monuments; bur we retain the old names founded on misapprehension. W. H. Ward (Johnson's Cyc.). Hierocracy Hi`er*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. Government by ecclesiastics; a hierarchy. Jefferson. Hieroglyph, Hieroglyphic Hi"er*o*glyph (?), Hi`er*o*glyph"ic (?), n. [Cf. F. hi\'82roglyphe. See Hieroglyphic, a.] 1. A sacred character; a character in picture writing, as of the ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc. Specifically, in the plural, the picture writing of the ancient Egyptian priests. It is made up of three, or, as some say, four classes of characters: first, the hieroglyphic proper, or figurative, in which the representation of the object conveys the idea of the object itself; second, the ideographic, consisting of symbols representing ideas, not sounds, as an ostrich feather is a symbol of truth; third, the phonetic, consisting of symbols employed as syllables of a word, or as letters of the alphabet, having a certain sound, as a hawk represented the vowel a. 2. Any character or figure which has, or is supposed to have, a hidden or mysterious significance; hence, any unintelligible or illegible character or mark. [Colloq.] Hieroglyphic, Hieroglyphical Hi`er*o*glyph"ic (?), Hi`er*o*glyph"ic*al (?), a. [L. hieroglyphicus, Gr. hi\'82roglyphique.] 1. Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pictures, or figures; as, hieroglyphic writing; a hieroglyphic obelisk. Pages no better than blanks to common minds, to his, hieroglyphical of wisest secrets. Prof. Wilson. 2. Resembling hieroglyphics; not decipherable. "An hieroglyphical scrawl." Sir W. Scott. Hieroglyphically Hi`er*o*glyph`ic*ally (?), adv. In hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphist Hi`er*og"ly*phist (?; 277), n. One versed in hieroglyphics. Gliddon. Hierogram Hi"er*o*gram (?), n. [Gr. -gram.] A form of sacred or hieratic writing. Hierogrammatic Hi`er*o*gram"mat"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hi\'82rogrammatique.] Written in, or pertaining to, hierograms; expressive of sacred writing. Bp. Warburton. Hierogrammatist Hi`er*o*gram"ma*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. hi\'82rogrammatiste.] A writer of hierograms; also, one skilled in hieroglyphics. Greenhill. Hierographic, Hierographical Hi`er*o*graph"ic (?), Hi`er*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [L. hierographicus, Gr. hi\'82rographique.] Of or pertaining to sacred writing. Hierography Hi`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. hi\'82rographie.] Sacred writing. [R.] Bailey. Hierolatry Hi`er*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of saints or sacred things. [R.] Coleridge. Hierologic, Hierological Hi`er*o*log"ic (?), Hi`er*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hi\'82rologique.] Pertaining to hierology. Hierologist Hi`er*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in, or whostudies, hierology. Hierology Hi`er*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. hi\'82rologie.] A treatise on sacred things; especially, the science which treats of the ancient writings and inscriptions of the Egyptians, or a treatise on that science. Hieromancy Hi"er*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. hi\'82romantie.] Divination by observing the objects offered in sacrifice. Hiermartyr Hi"er*mar`tyr (?), n. [Gr. martyr.] A priest who becomes a martyr. Hieromnemon Hi`e*rom*ne"mon (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (gr. Antiq.) 1. The sacred secretary or recorder sent by each state belonging to the Amphictyonic Council, along with the deputy or minister. Liddel & Scott. 2. A magistrate who had charge of religious matters, as at Byzantium. Liddel & Scott. Hieron Hi"er*on (?), n. [Gr. A consecrateo place; esp., a temple. Hieronymite Hi`er*on"y*mite (?), n. [From St. Hieronymus, or Jerome.] (Eccl.) See Jeronymite. Hierophant Hi*er"o*phant (?; 277), n. [L. hierophanta, hierophantes, Gr. hi\'82rophante.] The presiding priest who initiated candidates at the Eleusinian mysteries; hence, one who teaches the mysteries and duties of religion. Abp Potter. Hierophantic Hi`er*o*phan"tic (?), a. [Gr. Of or relating to hierophants or their teachings. Hieroscopy Hi`er*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. Divination by inspection of entrails of victims offered in sacrifice. Hierotheca Hi`er*o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. -c\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. A receptacle for sacred objects. Hierourgy Hi"er*our`gy (?), n. [Gr. A sacred or holy work or worship. [Obs.] Waterland. Hifalutin Hi`fa*lu"tin (?), n. See Highfaluting. Higgle Hig"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Higgled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Higgling (?).] [Cf. Haggle, or Huckster.] 1. To hawk or peddle provisions. 2. To chaffer; to stickle for small advantages in buying and selling; to haggle. A person accustomed to higgle about taps. Jeffry. To truck and higgle for a private good. Emerson. Higgledy-piggledy Hig`gle*dy-pig"gle*dy (?), adv. In confusion; topsy-turvy. [Colloq.] Johnson. Higgler Hig"gler (?), n. One who higgles. High High (?), v. i. [See Hie.] To hie. [Obs.] Men must high them apace, and make haste. Holland. High High (?), a. [Compar. Higher (?); superl. Highest.] [OE. high, hegh, hey, heh, AS. he\'a0h, h; akin to OS. hh, OFries. hag, hach, D. hoog, OHG. hh, G. hoch, Icel. hr, Sw. h\'94g, Dan. h\'94i, Goth. hauhs, and to Icel. haugr mound, G. h\'81gel hill, Lith. kaukaras.] 1. Elevated above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the zenith; lofty; tall; as, a high mountain, tower, tree; the sun is high. 2. Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; -- used indefinitely or relatively, and often in figurative senses, which are understood from the connection; as - (a) Elevated in character or quality, whether moral or intellectual; pre\'89minent; honorable; as, high aims, or motives. "The highest faculty of the soul." Baxter. (b) Exalted in social standing or general estimation, or in rank, reputation, office, and the like; dignified; as, she was welcomed in the highest circles. He was a wight of high renown. Shak. (c) Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of high family. (d) Of great strength, force, importance, and the like; strong; mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant; victorious; majestic, etc.; as, a high wind; high passions. "With rather a high manner." Thackeray. Strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand. Ps. lxxxix. 13. Can heavenly minds such high resentment show? Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 693 (e) Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or surmount; grand; noble. Both meet to hear and answer such high things. Shak. Plain living and high thinking are no more. Wordsworth. (f) Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold goods at a high price. If they must be good at so high a rate, they know they may be safe at a cheaper. South. (g) Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious; -- used in a bad sense. An high look and a proud heart . . . is sin. Prov. xxi. 4. His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot. Clarendon. 3. Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme or superior degree; as, high (i. e ., intense) heat; high (i. e., full or quite) noon; high (i. e., rich or spicy) seasoning; high (i. e., complete) pleasure; high (i. e., deep or vivid) color; high (i. e., extensive, thorough) scholarship, etc. High time it is this war now ended were. Spenser. High sauces and spices are fetched from the Indies. Baker. 4. (Cookery) Strong-scented; slightly tainted; as, epicures do not cook game before it is high. 5. (Mus.) Acute or sharp; -- opposed to grave or low; as, a high note. 6. (Phon.) Made with a high position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate, as &emac; (&emac;ve), &oomac; (f&oomac;d). See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 10, 11. High admiral, the chief admiral. -- High altar, the principal altar in a church. -- High and dry, out of water; out of reach of the current or tide; -- said of a vessel, aground or beached. -- High and mighty arrogant; overbearing. [Colloq.] -- High art, art which deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterized by an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display. -- High bailiff, the chief bailiff. -- High Church, AND Low Church, two ecclesiastical parties in the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. The high-churchmen emphasize the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and hold, in general, to a sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to baptismal regeneration, and to the sole validity of Episcopal ordination. They attach much importance to ceremonies and symbols in worship. Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the high-church school. See Broad Church. -- High constable (Law), a chief of constabulary. See Constable, n., 2. -- High commission court,a court of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in England erected and united to the regal power by Queen Elizabeth in 1559. On account of the abuse of its powers it was abolished in 1641. -- High day (Script.), a holy or feast day. John xix. 31. -- High festival (Eccl.), a festival to be observed with full ceremonial. -- High German, OR High Dutch. See under German. -- High jinks, an old Scottish pastime; hence, noisy revelry; wild sport. [Colloq.] "All the high jinks of the county, when the lad comes of age." F. Harrison. -- High latitude (Geog.), one designated by the higher figures; consequently, a latitude remote from the equator. -- High life, life among the aristocracy or the rich. -- High liver, one who indulges in a rich diet. -- High living, a feeding upon rich, pampering food. -- High Mass. (R. C. Ch.) See under Mass. -- High milling, a process of making flour from grain by several successive grindings and intermediate sorting, instead of by a single grinding. -- High noon, the time when the sun is in the meridian. -- High place (Script.), an eminence or mound on which sacrifices were offered. -- High priest. See in the Vocabulary. -- High relief. (Fine Arts) See Alto-rilievo. -- High school. See under School. High seas (Law), the open sea; the part of the ocean not in the territorial waters of any particular sovereignty, usually distant three miles or more from the coast line. Wharton. -- High steam, steam having a high pressure. -- High steward, the chief steward. -- High tea, tea with meats and extra relishes. -- High tide, the greatest flow of the tide; high water. -- High time. (a) Quite time; full time for the occasion. (b) A time of great excitement or enjoyment; a carousal. [Slang] -- High treason, treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil offense. See Treason. NOTE: &hand; It is no w su fficient to sp eak of high treason as treason simply, seeing that petty treason, as a distinct offense, has been abolished. Mozley & W. -- High water, the utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide; also, the time of such elevation. -- High-water mark. (a) That line of the seashore to which the waters ordinarily reach at high water. (b) A mark showing the highest level reached by water in a river or other body of fresh water, as in time of freshet. -- High-water shrub (Bot.), a composite shrub (Iva frutescens), growing in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States. -- High wine, distilled spirits containing a high percentage of alcohol; -- usually in the plural. -- To be on a high horse, to be on one's dignity; to bear one's self loftily. [Colloq.] -- With a high hand. (a) With power; in force; triumphantly. "The children of Israel went out with a high hand." Ex. xiv. 8.(b) In an overbearing manner, arbitrarily. "They governed the city with a high hand." Jowett (Thucyd. ). Syn. -- Tall; lofty; elevated; noble; exalted; supercilious; proud; violent; full; dear. See Tall. High High (?), adv. In a high manner; in a high place; to a great altitude; to a great degree; largely; in a superior manner; eminently; powerfully. "And reasoned high." Milton. "I can not reach so high." Shak. NOTE: &hand; Hi gh is extensively used in the formation of compound words, most of which are of very obvious signification; as, high-aimed, high-arched, high-aspiring, high-bearing, high-boasting, high-browed, high-crested, high-crowned, high-designing, high-engendered, high-feeding, high-flaming, high-flavored, high-gazing, high-heaped, high-heeled, high-priced, high-reared, high-resolved, high-rigged, high-seated, high-shouldered, high-soaring, high-towering, high-voiced, and the like. High and low, everywhere; in all supposable places; as, I hunted high and low. [Colloq.] High High, n. 1. An elevated place; a superior region; a height; the sky; heaven. 2. People of rank or high station; as, high and low. 3. (Card Playing) The highest card dealt or drawn. High, low, jack, and the game, a game at cards; -- also called all fours, old sledge, and seven up. -- In high and low, utterly; completely; in every respect. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- On high, aloft; above. The dayspring from on high hath visited us. Luke i. 78. -- The Most High, the Supreme Being; God. High High (?), v. i. To rise; as, the sun higheth. [Obs.] Highbinder High"bind`er (?), n. A ruffian; one who hounds, or spies upon, another; app. esp. to the members of certain alleged societies among the Chinese. [U. S.] High-blown High"-blown` (?), a. Inflated, as with conceit. Highborn High"born` (?), a. Of noble birth. Shak. High-bred High"-bred` (?), a. Bred in high life; of pure blood. Byron. High-built High"-built` (?), a. Of lofty structure; tall. "High-built organs." Tennyson. The high-built elephant his castle rears. Creech. High-church High"-church` (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or favoring, the party called the High Church, or their doctrines or policy. See High Church, under High, a. High-churchism High"-church`ism (?), n. The principles of the high-church party. High-churchman High"-church`man (?), n.; pl. -men (. One who holds high-church principles. High-churchman-ship High"-church`man-ship, n. The state of being a high-churchman. J. H. Newman. High-colored High"-col`ored (?), a. 1. Having a strong, deep, or glaring color; flushed. Shak. 2. Vivid; strong or forcible in representation; hence, exaggerated; as, high-colored description. High-embowed High"-em*bowed ` (?), a. Having lofty arches. "The high-embowed roof." Milton. Highering High"er*ing (?), a. Rising higher; ascending. In ever highering eagle circles. Tennyson. Highfaluting High`fa*lu"ting (?), n. [Perh. a corruption of highflighting.] High-flown, bombastic language. [Written also hifalutin.] [Jocular, U. S.] Lowell. <-- also adjective, meaning pretentious --> High-fed High"-fed` (?), a. Pampered; fed luxuriously. High-finished High"-fin`ished (?), a. Finished with great care; polished. Highflier High"fli`er (?), n. One who is extravagant in pretensions, opinions, or manners. Swift. High-flown High"-flown` (?), a. 1. Elevated; proud. "High-flown hopes." Denham. 2. Turgid; extravagant; bombastic; inflated; as, high-flown language. M. Arnold. High-flushed High"-flushed` (?), a. Elated. Young. Highflying High"fly`ing (?), a. Extravagant in opinions or ambition. "Highflying, arbitrary kings." Dryden. High-go High"-go` (?), n. A spree; a revel. [Low] High-handed High"-hand`ed (?), a. Overbearing; oppressive; arbitrary; violent; as, a high-handed act. High-hearted High"-heart`ed (?), a. Full of courage or nobleness; high-souled. -- High"-heart`ed*ness, n. High-hoe High"-hoe` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker or yaffle. [Written also high-hoo.] High-holder High"-hold`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The flicker; -- called also high-hole. [Local, U. S.] Highland High"land (?), n. Elevated or mountainous land; (often in the pl.) an elevated region or country; as, the Highlands of Scotland. Highland fling, a dance peculiar to the Scottish Highlanders; a sort of hornpipe. Highlander High"land*er (?), n. An inhabitant of highlands, especially of the Highlands of Scotland. Highlandry High"land*ry (?), n. Highlanders, collectively. High-low High"-low` (?), n. A laced boot, ankle high. Highly High"ly, adv. In a high manner, or to a high degree; very much; as, highly esteemed. Highmen High"men (?), n. pl. Loaded dice so contrived as to turn up high numbers. [Obs] Sir J. Harrington. High-mettled High"-met`tled (?), a. Having abundance of mettle; ardent; full of fire; as, a high-mettled steed. High-minded High"-mind"ed (?), a. 1. Proud; arrogant. [Obs.] Be not high-minded, but fear. Rom. xi. 20. 2. Having, or characterized by, honorable pride; of or pertaining to elevated principles and feelings; magnanimous; -- opposed to mean. High-minded, manly recognition of those truths. A. Norton. High-mindedness High"-mind`ed*ness, n. The quality of being highminded; nobleness; magnanimity. Highmost High"most` (?), a. Highest. [Obs.] Shak. Highness High"ness, n. [AS. he\'a0hnes.] 1. The state of being high; elevation; loftiness. 2. A title of honor given to kings, princes, or other persons of rank; as, His Royal Highness. Shak. High-palmed High"-palmed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having high antlers; bearing full-grown antlers aloft. High-pressure High"-pres`sure (?; 135), a. 1. Having or involving a pressure greatly exceeding that of the atmosphere; -- said of steam, air, water, etc., and of steam, air, or hydraulic engines, water wheels, etc. 2. Fig.: Urgent; intense; as, a high-pressure business or social life. High-pressure engine, an engine in which steam at high pressure is used. It may be either a condensing or a noncondensing engine. Formerly the term was used only of the latter. See Steam engine. High priest High" priest` (?). (Eccl.) A chief priest; esp., the head of the Jewish priesthood. High-priesthood High"-priest`hood (?), n. The office, dignity, or position of a high priest. High-priestship High"-priest`ship, n. High-priesthood. High-principled High"-prin`ci*pled (?), a. Possessed of noble or honorable principles. High-proof High"-proof` (?), a. 1. Highly rectified; very strongly alcoholic; as, high-proof spirits. 2. So as to stand any test. "We are high-proof melancholy." Shak. High-raised High"-raised` (?), a. 1. Elevated; raised aloft; upreared. 2. Elated with great ideas or hopes. Milton. High-reaching High"-reach`ing (?), a. Reaching high or upward; hence, ambitious; aspiring. Shak. High-red High"-red` (?), a. Of a strong red color. Highroad High"road` (?), n. A highway; a much travele High-seasoned High"-sea`soned (?), a. Enriched with spice and condiments; hence, exciting; piquant. High-sighted High"-sight`ed (?), a. Looking upward; supercilious. Shak. High-souled High"-souled` (?), a. Having a high or noble spirit; honorable. E. Everett. High-sounding High"-sound`ing (?), a. Pompous; noisy; ostentatious; as, high-sounding words or titles. High-spirited High"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Full of spirit or natural fire; haughty; courageous; impetuous; not brooking restraint or opposition. High-stepper High"-step`per (?), n. A horse that moves with a high step or proud gait; hence, a person having a proud bearing. [Colloq.] High-stomached High"-stom`ached (?), a. Having a lofty spirit; haughty. [Obs.] Shak. High-strung High"-strung` (?), a. Strung to a high pitch; spirited; sensitive; as, a high-strung horse. High-swelling High"-swell`ing (?), a. Inflated; boastful. Hight Hight (?), n. A variant of Height. Hight Hight (?), v. t. & i. [imp. Hight, Hot (, p. p. Hight, Hote (Hoten (Hote.] [OE. heiten, highten, haten, hoten; also hight, hatte, hette, is called, was called, AS. h&amac;tan to call, name, be called, to command, promise; also h&amac;tte is called, was called; akin to G. heissen to call, be called, bid, Goth. haitan to call, in the passive, to be called.] 1. To be called or named. [Archaic & Poetic.] NOTE: &hand; In the form hight, it is used in a passive sense as a present, meaning is called or named, also as a preterite, was called or named. This form has also been used as a past participle. See Hote. The great poet of Italy, That highte Dante. Chaucer. Bright was her hue, and Geraldine she hight. Surrey. Entered then into the church the Reverend Teacher. Father he hight, and he was, in the parish. Longfellow. Childe Harold was he hight. Byron. 2. To command; to direct; to impel. [Obs.] But the sad steel seized not where it was hight Upon the child, but somewhat short did fall. Spenser. 3. To commit; to intrust. [Obs.] Yet charge of them was to a porter hight. Spenser. 4. To promise. [Obs.] He had hold his day, as he had hight. Chaucer. Hightener Hight"en*er (?), n. That which heightens. Highth Highth (h&imac;th or h&imac;tth), n. Variant of Height. [Obs.] High-toned High"-toned` (?), a. 1. High in tone or sound. 2. Elevated; high-principled; honorable. In whose high-toned impartial mind Degrees of mortal rank and state Seem objects of indifferent weight. Sir W. Scott. <-- 3. pretentious, pompous. --> High-top High"-top` (?), n. A ship's masthead. Shak. Highty-tighty High"ty-tigh"ty (?), a. Hoity-toity. Highway High"way` (?), n. A road or way open to the use of the public; a main road or thoroughfare. Syn. -- Way; road; path; course. Highwayman High"way`man (?), n.; pl. Highwaymen (. One who robs on the public road; a highway robber. High-wrought High"-wrought` (?), a. 1. Wrought with fine art or skill; elaborate. [Obs.] Pope. 2. Worked up, or swollen, to a high degree; as, a highwrought passion. "A high-wrought flood." Shak. Higre Hi"gre (?), n. See Eagre. [Obs.] Drayton. Hig-taper Hig"-ta`per (?), n. [Cf. Hag-taper.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Verbascum (V. Thapsus); the common mullein. [Also high-taper and hag-taper.] Hijera, Hijra Hij"e*ra (?), Hij"ra (, n. See Hegira. Hilal Hi"lal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a hilum. Hilar Hi"lar (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the hilum. Hilarious Hi*la"ri*ous (?), a. [L. hilaris, hilarus, Gr. Mirthful; noisy; merry. Hilarity Hi*lar"i*ty (?; 277), n. [L. hilaritas: cf. F. hilarit\'82. See Hilarious.] Boisterous mirth; merriment; jollity. Goldsmith. NOTE: &hand; Hilarity differs from joy: the latter, excited by good news or prosperity, is an affection of the mind; the former, produced by social pleasure, drinking, etc., which rouse the animal spirits, is more demonstrative. Syn. -- Glee; cheerfulness; mirth; merriment; gayety; joyousness; exhilaration; joviality; jollity. Hilary term Hil"a*ry term` (?). Formerly, one of the four terms of the courts of common law in England, beginning on the eleventh of January and ending on the thirty-first of the same month, in each year; -- so called from the festival of St. Hilary, January 13th. NOTE: &hand; Th e Hilary term is superseded by the Hilary sittings, which commence on the eleventh of January and end on the Wednesday before Easter. Mozley & W. Hilding Hil"ding (?), n. [Prob. a corruption of hindling, dim. of hind, adj. Cf. Prov. E. hilderling, hinderling. See Hinderling.] A base, menial wretch. -- a. Base; spiritless. [Obs.] Shak. Hile Hile (?), v. t. To hide. See Hele. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hile Hile (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Hilum. Hill Hill (?), n. [OE. hil, hul, AS. hyll; akin to OD. hille, hil, L. collis, and prob. to E. haulm, holm, and column. Cf. 2d Holm.] 1. A natural elevation of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the surrounding land; an eminence less than a mountain. Every mountain and hill shall be made low. Is. xl. 4. 2. The earth raised about the roots of a plant or cluster of plants. [U. S.] See Hill, v. t. 3. A single cluster or group of plants growing close together, and having the earth heaped up about them; as, a hill of corn or potatoes. [U. S.] Hill ant (Zo\'94l.), a common ant (Formica rufa), of Europe and America, which makes mounds or ant-hills over its nests. -- Hill myna (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of birds of India, of the genus Gracula, and allied to the starlings. They are easily taught to speak many words. [Written also hill mynah.] See Myna. -- Hill partridge (Zo\'94l.), a partridge of the genus Aborophila, of which numerous species in habit Southern Asia and the East Indies. -- Hill tit (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of small Asiatic singing birds of the family Leiotrichid\'91. Many are beautifully colored. _________________________________________________________________ Page 694 Hill Hill (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hilling.] To surround with earth; to heap or draw earth around or upon; as, to hill corn. Showing them how to plant and hill it. Palfrey. Hilliness Hill"i*ness (?), n. The state of being hilly. Hilling Hill"ing, n. The act or process of heaping or drawing earth around plants. Hillock Hill"ock (?), n. A small hill. Shak. Hillside Hill"side` (?), n. The side or declivity of a hill. Hilltop Hill"top` (?), n. The top of a hill. Hilly Hill"y (?), a. 1. Abounding with hills; uneven in surface; as, a hilly country. "Hilly steep." Dryden. 2. Lofty; as, hilly empire. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Hilt Hilt (?), n. [AS. hilt, hilte; akin to OHG. helza, Prov. G. hilze, Icel. hjalt.] 1. A handle; especially, the handle of a sword, dagger, or the like. Hilted Hilt"ed, a. Having a hilt; -- used in composition; as, basket-hilted, cross-hilted. Hilum Hi"lum (?), n. [L., a little thing, trifle.] 1. (Bot.) The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support; -- called also hile. 2. (Anat.) The part of a gland, or similar organ, where the blood vessels and nerves enter; the hilus; as, the hilum of the kidney. Hilus Hi"lus (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Hilum, 2. Him Him (?), pron. Them. See Hem. [Obs.] Chaucer. Him Him, pron. [AS. him, dat. of h&emac;. &root;183. See He.] The objective case of he. See He. Him that is weak in the faith receive. Rom. xiv. 1. Friends who have given him the most sympathy. Thackeray. NOTE: &hand; In ol d En glish hi s an d hi m were respectively the genitive and dative forms of it as well as of he. This use is now obsolete. Poetically, him is sometimes used with the reflexive sense of himself. I never saw but Humphrey, duke of Gloster, Did bear him like a noble gentleman. Shak. Himalayan Hi*ma"la*yan (?), a. [Skr. him\'belaya, prop., the abode of snow.] Of or pertaining to the Himalayas, the great mountain chain in Hindostan. Himpne Himp"ne (?), n. A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer. Himself Him*self" (?), pron. 1. An emphasized form of the third person masculine pronoun; -- used as a subject usually with he; as, he himself will bear the blame; used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it is himself who saved himself. But he himself returned from the quarries. Judges iii. 19. David hid himself in the field. 1 Sam. xx. 24. The Lord himself shall give you a sign. Is. vii. 14. Who gave himself for us, that he might . . . purify unto himself a peculiar people. Titus ii. 14. With shame remembers, while himself was one Of the same herd, himself the same had done. Denham. NOTE: &hand; Hi mself was formerly used instead of itself. See Note under Him. It comprehendeth in himself all good. Chaucer. 2. One's true or real character; one's natural temper and disposition; the state of being in one's right or sane mind (after unconsciousness, passion, delirium, or abasement); as, the man has come to himself. By himself, alone; unaccompanied; apart; sequestered; as, he sits or studies by himself. -- To leave one to himself, to withdraw from him; to let him take his own course. Himself, Himselve , Himselven Him*self" (?), Him*selve" (, Him*selv"en (pron. pl. Themselves. See Hemself. [Obs.] Chaucer. Himselve Him*selve" (?), pron. See 1st Himself. [Obs.] Himyaric, Himyaritic Him*yar"ic (?), Him`ya*rit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to Himyar, an ancient king of Yemen, in Arabia, or to his successors or people; as, the Himjaritic characters, language, etc.; applied esp. to certain ancient inscriptions showing the primitive type of the oldest form of the Arabic, still spoken in Southern Arabia. Brande & C. Hin Hin (?), n. [Heb. h\'c6n.] A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing three quarts, one pint, one gill, English measure. W. H. Ward. Hind Hind (?), n. [AS. hind; akin to D. hinde, OHG. hinta, G. hinde, hindin, Icel., Sw., & Dan. hind, and perh. to Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.), E. hunt, or cf. Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) The female of the red deer, of which the male is the stag. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A spotted food fish of the genus Epinephelus, as E. apua of Bermuda, and E. Drummond-hayi of Florida; -- called also coney, John Paw, spotted hind. Hind Hind, n. [OE. hine, AS. h\'c6ne, h\'c6na, orig. gen. pl. of h\'c6wan domestics; akin to Icel. hj&umac; man and wife, domestics, family, Goth. heiwafrauja master of the house, G. heirath marriage; cf. L. civis citizen, E. city or E. home. Cf. Hide a measure of land.] 1. A domestic; a servant. [Obs.] Shak. 2. A peasant; a rustic; a farm servant. [Eng.] The hind, that homeward driving the slow steer Tells how man's daily work goes forward here. Trench. Hind Hind, a. [Compar. Hinder (?); superl. Hindmost (?), or Hindermost (.] [OE. hind, adv., back, AS. hindan behind. See Hinder, a.] In the rear; -- opposed to front; of or pertaining to the part or end which follows or is behind, in opposition to the part which leads or is before; as, the hind legs or hind feet of a quadruped; the hind man in a procession. Hindberry Hind"ber*ry (?), n. [AS. hindberie; akin to OHG. hintberi, G. himbeere. So called because hinds or stags are fond of them. See 1st Hind, and Berry.] The raspberry. [Prov. Eng.] Hindbrain Hind"brain` (?), n. [Hind, adj. + brain.] (Anat.) The posterior of the three principal divisions of the brain, including the epencephalon and metencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the epencephalon only. Hinder Hind"er (?), a. [OE. hindere, AS. hinder, adv., behind; akin to OHG. hintar, prep., behind, G. hinter, Goth. hindar; orig. a comparative, and akin to AS. hine hence. See Hence, He, and cf. Hind, a., Hindmost.] Of or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear, or which follows; as, the hinder part of a wagon; the hinder parts of a horse. He was in the hinder part of the ship. Mark iv. 38. Hinder Hin"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hindered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hindering.] [OE. hindren, hinderen, AS. hindrian, fr. hinder behind; akin to D. hinderen, G. hindern, OHG. hintar, Icel. & Sw. hindra, Dan. hindre. See Hinder, a.] 1. To keep back or behind; to prevent from starting or moving forward; to check; to retard; to obstruct; to bring to a full stop; -- often followed by from; as, an accident hindered the coach; drought hinders the growth of plants; to hinder me from going. Them that were entering in ye hindered. Luke xi. 52. I hinder you too long. Shak. 2. To prevent or embarrass; to debar; to shut out. What hinders younger brothers, being fathers of families, from having the same right? Locke. Syn. -- To check; retard; impede; delay; block; clog; prevent; stop; interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct; debar; embarrass. Hinder Hin"der, v. i. To interpose obstacles or impediments; to be a hindrance. This objection hinders not but that the heroic action of some commander . . . may be written. Dryden. Hinderance Hin"der*ance (?). n. Same as Hindrance. Hinderer Hin"der*er (?), n. One who, or that which, hinders. Hinderest Hind"er*est (?), a. Hindermost; -- superl. of Hind, a. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hinderling Hind"er*ling (?), n. [AS. hinderling one who comes behind his ancestors, fr. AS. hinder behind. See Hinder, a., and cf. Hilding.] A worthless, base, degenerate person or animal. [Obs.] Callander. Hindermost, Hindmost Hind"er*most`, Hind"most` (?), a. [The superlative of hind. See Hind, a.] [Cf. AS. hindema (akin to Goth. hindumists), a superlative from the same source as the comparative hinder. See Hinder, a., and cf. Aftermost.] Furthest in or toward the rear; last. "Rachel and Joseph hindermost." Gen. xxxiii. 2. Hindgut Hind"gut` (?), n. [Hind, a. + gut.] (Anat.) The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and sometimes the large intestine also. Hindi Hin"di (?), n. [Prop. a Per. adj. meaning, Indian, Hindoo.] The name given by Europeans to that form of the Hindustani language which is chiefly spoken by native Hindoos. In employs the Devanagari character, in which Sanskrit is written. Whitworth. Hindleys screw Hind"ley"s screw` (?). (Mech.) A screw cut on a solid whose sides are arcs of the periphery of a wheel into the teeth of which the screw is intended to work. It is named from the person who first used the form. Hindoo, Hindu Hin"doo, Hin"du (?; 277), n.; pl. Hindoos (#) OR Hindus. [Per. Hind\'d4, fr. Hind, Hind\'d4st\'ben, India. Cf. Indian.] A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it is restricted to followers of the Veda. Hindooism, Hinduism Hin"doo*ism, Hin"du*ism (?), n. The religious doctrines and rites of the Hindoos; Brahmanism. Hindoostanee, Hindustani Hin"doo*sta"nee, Hin"du*sta"ni (?), a. [Hind. Hind\'d4st\'ben\'c6 an Indian, fr. Hind. and Per. Hind\'d4st\'ben India.] Of or pertaining to the Hindoos or their language. -- n. The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India. It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic words. Hindrance Hin"drance (?), n. [See Hinder, v. t.] 1. The act of hindering, or the state of being hindered. 2. That which hinders; an impediment. What various hindrances we meet. Cowper. Something between a hindrance and a help. Wordsworth. Syn. -- Impediment; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; interruption; check; delay; restraint. Hindu Hin"du (?), n. Same as Hindoo. Hine Hine (?), n. [See Hind a servant.] A servant; a farm laborer; a peasant; a hind. [Obs.] Bailiff, herd, nor other hine. Chaucer. Hinge Hinge (?), n. [OE. henge, heeng; akin to D. heng, LG. henge, Prov. E. hingle a small hinge; connected with hang, v., and Icel. hengja to hang. See Hang.] 1. The hook with its eye, or the joint, on which a door, gate, lid, etc., turns or swings; a flexible piece, as a strip of leather, which serves as a joint to turn on. The gate self-opened wide, On golden hinges turning. Milton. 2. That on which anything turns or depends; a governing principle; a cardinal point or rule; as, this argument was the hinge on which the question turned. 3. One of the four cardinal points, east, west, north, or south. [R.] When the moon is in the hinge at East. Creech. Nor slept the winds . . . but rushed abroad. Milton. Hinge joint. (a) (Anat.) See Ginglymus. (b) (Mech.) Any joint resembling a hinge, by which two pieces are connected so as to permit relative turning in one plane. -- To be off the hinges, to be in a state of disorder or irregularity; to have lost proper adjustment. Tillotson. Hinge Hinge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hinging (?).] 1. To attach by, or furnish with, hinges. 2. To bend. [Obs.] Shak. Hinge Hinge (?), v. i. To stand, depend, hang, or turn, as on a hinge; to depend chiefly for a result or decision or for force and validity; -- usually with on or upon; as, the argument hinges on this point. I. Taylor Hinged Hinged (?), a. Furnished with hinges. Hingeless Hinge"less (?), a. Without a hinge or joint. Hink Hink (?), n. A reaping hook. Knight. Hinniate, Hinny Hin"ni*ate (?), Hin"ny (?) v. i. [L. hinnire.] To neigh; to whinny. [Obs.] Hinny Hin"ny, n.; pl. Hinnies (#). [L. hinnus, cf. Gr. A hybrid between a stallion and an ass. Hinny Hin"ny, n. A term of endearment; darling; -- corrupted from honey. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Hint Hint (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hinting.] [OE. henten, hinten, to seize, to catch, AS. hentan to pursue, take, seize; or Icel. ymta to mutter, ymtr a muttering, Dan. ymte to whisper. &root;36. Cf. Hent.] To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to suggest in an indirect manner; as, to hint a suspicion. Just hint a fault and hesitate dislike. Pope. Syn. -- To suggest; intimate; insinuate; imply. Hint Hint, v. i. To make an indirect reference, suggestion, or allusion; to allude vaguely to something. We whisper, and hint, and chuckle. Tennyson. To hint at, to allude to lightly, indirectly, or cautiously. Syn. -- To allude; refer; glance; touch. Hint Hint, n. A remote allusion; slight mention; intimation; insinuation; a suggestion or reminder, without a full declaration or explanation; also, an occasion or motive. Our hint of woe Is common. Shak. The hint malevolent, the look oblique. Hannah M Syn. -- Suggestion; allusion. See Suggestion. Hintingly Hint"ing*ly (?), adv. In a hinting manner. Hip Hip (?), n. [OE. hipe, huppe, AS. hype; akin to D. heup, OHG. huf, G. h\'81fte, Dan. hofte, Sw. h\'94ft, Goth. hups; cf. Icel. huppr, and also Gr. kumpis ham.] 1. The projecting region of the lateral parts of one side of the pelvis and the hip joint; the haunch; the huckle. 2. (Arch.) The external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping sides or skirts of a roof, which have their wall plates running in different directions. 3. (Engin) In a bridge truss, the place where an inclined end post meets the top chord. Waddell. Hip bone (Anat.), the innominate bone; -- called also haunch bone and huckle bone. -- Hip girdle (Anat.), the pelvic girdle. -- Hip joint (Anat.), the articulation between the thigh bone and hip bone. -- Hip knob (Arch.), a finial, ball, or other ornament at the intersection of the hip rafters and the ridge. -- Hip molding (Arch.), a molding on the hip of a roof, covering the hip joint of the slating or other roofing. -- Hip rafter (Arch.), the rafter extending from the wall plate to the ridge in the angle of a hip roof. -- Hip roof, Hipped roof (Arch.), a roof having sloping ends and sloping sides. See Hip, n., 2., and Hip, v. t., 3. -- Hip tile, a tile made to cover the hip of a roof. -- To catch upon the hip, OR To have on the hip, to have or get the advantage of; -- a figure probably derived from wresting. Shak. -- To smite hip and thigh, to overthrow completely; to defeat utterly. Judg. xv. 8. Hip Hip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hipping.] 1. To dislocate or sprain the hip of, to fracture or injure the hip bone of (a quadruped) in such a manner as to produce a permanent depression of that side. 2. To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip in wrestling (technically called cross buttock). 3. To make with a hip or hips, as a roof. Hipped roof. See Hip roof, under Hip. Hip Hip (?), n. [OE. hepe, AS. he\'a2pe; cf. OHG. hiufo a bramble bush.] (Bot.) The fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose (Rosa canina). [Written also hop, hep.] Hip tree (Bot.), the dog-rose. Hip Hip, interj. Used to excite attention or as a signal; as, hip, hip, hurra! Hip, or Hipps Hip, or Hipps (, n. See Hyp, n. [Colloq.] Hiphalt Hip"halt` (?), a. Lame in the hip. [R.] Gower. Hippa, Hippe Hip"pa (?), Hip"pe (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine decapod crustaceans, which burrow rapidly in the sand by pushing themselves backward; -- called also bait bug. See Illust. under Anomura. Hipparion Hip*pa"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of Tertiary mammals allied to the horse, but three-toed, having on each foot a small lateral hoof on each side of the main central one. It is believed to be one of the ancestral genera of the Horse family. Hipped, Hippish Hipped (?), Hip"pish (?), a. [From 5th Hip.] Somewhat hypochondriac; melancholy. See Hyppish. [Colloq.] When we are hipped or in high spirits. R. L. Stevenson. Hippobosca Hip`po*bos"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of dipterous insects including the horsefly or horse tick. -- Hip`po*bos"can (#), a. Hippocamp Hip"po*camp (?), n. See Hippocampus. Hippocampal Hip`po*cam"pal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hippocampus. Hippocampus Hip`po*cam"pus (?), n. [L., the sea horse, Gr. "i`ppos horse + 1. (Class. Myth.) A fabulous monster, with the head and fore quarters of a horse joined to the tail of a dolphin or other fish (Hippocampus brevirostris), -- seen in Pompeian paintings, attached to the chariot of Neptune. Fairholt. _________________________________________________________________ Page 695 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of lophobranch fishes of several species in which the head and neck have some resemblance to those of a horse; -- called also sea horse. NOTE: &hand; Th ey sw im sl owly, in an erect position, and often cling to seaweeds by means of the incurved prehensile tail. The male has a ventral pouch, in which it carries the eggs till hatched. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A name applied to either of two ridges of white matter in each lateral ventricle of the brain. The larger is called hippocampus major or simply hippocampus. The smaller, hippocampus minor, is called also ergot and calcar. Hippocentaur Hip`po*cen"taur (?), n. [L. hippocentaurus, Gr. (Myth.) Same as Centaur. Hippocras Hip"po*cras (?), n. [F. hippocras, hypocras, NL. vinum hippocraticum, lit., wine of Hippocrates.] A cordial made of spiced wine, etc. Hippocrates Hip*poc"ra*tes (?), n. A famous Greek physician and medical writer, born in Cos, about 460 B. C. Hippocrates' sleeve, a conical strainer, made by stitching together two adjacent sides of a square piece of cloth, esp. flannel of linen. Hippocratic Hip"po*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hippocrates, or to his teachings. Hippocratic face [L. facies Hippocratica], the change produced in the countenance by death, or long sickness, excessive evacuations, excessive hunger, and the like. The nose is pinched, the eyes are sunk, the temples hollow, the ears cold and retracted, the skin of the forehead tense and dry, the complexion livid, the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold; -- so called, as having been described by Hippocrates. Dunglison. -- Hippocratic oath, an oath said to have been dictated by Hippocrates to his disciples. Such an oath is still administered to candidates for graduation in medicine. Hippocratism Hip*poc"ra*tism (?), n. The medical philosophy or system of Hippocrates. Hippocrene Hip"po*crene (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A fountain on Mount Helicon in B\'d2otia, fabled to have burst forth when the ground was struck by the hoof of Pegasus. Also, its waters, which were supposed to impart poetic inspiration. Keats. Nor maddening draughts of Hippocrene. Longfellow. Hippocrepian Hip"po*crep"i*an (?), n. [See Hippocrepiform.] (Zo\'94l.) One of an order of fresh-water Bryozoa, in which the tentacles are on a lophophore, shaped like a horseshoe. See Phylactol\'91ma. Hippocrepiform Hip`po*crep`i*form (?), a. [Gr. -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a horseshoe. Hippodame Hip"po*dame (?), n. [Cf. F. hippopotame.] A fabulous sea monster. [Obs.] Spenser. Hippodrome Hip"po*drome (?), n. [L. hippodromos, Gr. hippodrome.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A place set apart for equestrian and chariot races. 2. An arena for equestrian performances; a circus. Hippogriff Hip"po*griff (?), n. [F. hippogriffe; cf. It. ippogrifo. See Hippopotamus, Griffon.] (Myth.) A fabulous winged animal, half horse and half griffin. Milton. Hippolith Hip"po*lith (?), n. [Gr. -lith.] A concretion, or kind of bezoar, from the intestines of the horse. Hippopathology Hip`po*pa*thol`o*gy (?), n. [Gr. pathology: cf. F. hippopathologie.] The science of veterinary medicine; the pathology of the horse. Hippophagi Hip*poph"a*gi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hippophagous.] Eaters of horseflesh. Hippophagism Hip*poph"a*gism (?), n.Hippophagy. Lowell. Hippophagist Hip*poph"a*gist (?), n. One who eats horseflesh. Hippophagous Hip*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. hippophage.] Feeding on horseflesh; -- said of certain nomadic tribes, as the Tartars. Hippophagy Hip*poph"a*gy (?), n. [Cf. F. hippophagie.] The act or practice of feeding on horseflesh. Hippophile Hip"po*phile (?), n. [Gr. One who loves horses. Holmes. Hippopotamus Hip`po*pot"a*mus (?), n.; pl. E. Hippopotamuses (#), L. Hippopotami (#). [L., from Gr.Equine.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, amphibious, herbivorous mammal (Hippopotamus amphibius), common in the rivers of Africa. It is allied to the hogs, and has a very thick, naked skin, a thick and square head, a very large muzzle, small eyes and ears, thick and heavy body, and short legs. It is supposed to be the behemoth of the Bible. Called also zeekoe, and river horse. A smaller species (H. Liberiencis) inhabits Western Africa.<-- pigmy hippopotamus? --> Hippotomy Hip*pot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. hippotomie.] Anatomy of the horse. Hippuric Hip*pu"ric (?), a. [Gr. hippurique.] (Physiol. Chem.) Obtained from the urine of horses; as, hippuric acid. Hippuric acid, a white crystalline substance, containing nitrogen, present in the urine of herbivorous animals, and in small quantity in human urine. By the action of acids, it is decomposed into benzoic acid and glycocoll. Hippurite Hip"pu*rite (?), n. [Gr. hippurite.] (Paleon.) A fossil bivalve mollusk of the genus Hippurites, of many species, having a conical, cup-shaped under valve, with a flattish upper valve or lid. Hippurites are found only in the Cretaceous rocks. Hip-roofed Hip"-roofed` (?), a. Having a hip roof. Hipshot Hip"shot` (?), a. [Hip + shot.] Having the hip dislocated; hence, having one hip lower than the other. L'Estrange. Hip tree Hip" tree` (?). (Bot.) The dog-rose. Hir Hir (?), pron. [Obs.] See Here, pron. Chaucer. Hircic Hir"cic (?), a. [Cf. F. hircique. See Hircin.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mutton suet; -- applied by Chevreul to an oily acid which was obtained from mutton suet, and to which he attributed the peculiar taste and smell of that substance. The substance has also been called hircin. Watts. Hircin Hir"cin (?), n. [L. hircus, he-goat, buck: cf. F. hircine.] (Chem.) Hircic acid. See Hircic. [R.] Hircine, Hircinous Hir"cine (?), Hir"ci*nous (?), a. [L. hircinus, fr. hircus hegoat: cf. F. hircin.] 1. Goatlike; of or pertaining to a goat or the goats. 2. Of a strong goatish smell. Hire Hire (?), pron. [Obs.] See Here, pron. Chaucer. Hire Hire (?), n. [OE. hire, hure, AS. h; akin to D.huur, G. heuer, Dan. hyre, Sw. hyra.] 1. The price; reward, or compensation paid, or contracted to be paid, for the temporary use of a thing or a place, for personal service, or for labor; wages; rent; pay. The laborer is worthy of his hire. Luke x. 7. 2. (Law.) A bailment by which the use of a thing, or the services and labor of a person, are contracted for at a certain price or reward. Story. Syn. -- Wages; salary; stipend; allowance; pay. Hire Hire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiring.] [OE. hiren, huren, AS. h; akin to D. huren, G. heuern, Dan. hyre, Sw. hyra. See Hire, n.] 1. To procure (any chattel or estate) from another person, for temporary use, for a compensation or equivalent; to purchase the use or enjoyment of for a limited time; as, to hire a farm for a year; to hire money. 2. To engage or purchase the service, labor, or interest of (any one) for a specific purpose, by payment of wages; as, to hire a servant, an agent, or an advocate. 3. To grant the temporary use of, for compensation; to engage to give the service of, for a price; to let; to lease; -- now usually with out, and often reflexively; as, he has hired out his horse, or his time. They . . . have hired out themselves for bread. 1 Sam. ii. 5. Hireless Hire"less, a. Without hire. Davenant. Hireling Hire"ling (?), n. [AS. h. See Hire, n., and -ling.] One who is hired, or who serves for wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in serving another are wholly gainful; a mercenary. "Lewd hirelings." Milton. Hireling Hire"ling, a. Serving for hire or wages; venal; mercenary. "Hireling mourners." Dryden. Hirer Hir"er (?), n. One who hires. Hires, Hirs Hires (?), Hirs, pron. Hers; theirs. See Here, pron. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hirsute Hir*sute" (?), a. [L. hirsutus; prob. akin to horridus horrid. Cf. Horrid.] 1. Rough with hair; set with bristles; shaggy. 2. Rough and coarse; boorish. [R.] Cynical and hirsute in his behavior. Life of A. Wood. 3. (Bot.) Pubescent with coarse or stiff hairs. Gray. 4. (Zo\'94l.) Covered with hairlike feathers, as the feet of certain birds. Hirsuteness Hir*sute"ness, n. Hairiness. Burton. Hirtellous Hir*tel"lous (?), a. [Dim., fr. L. hirtus hairy.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Pubescent with minute and somewhat rigid hairs. Hirudine Hi*ru"dine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the leeches. Hirudinea Hir`u*din"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. hirudo, hirudinis, a leech.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Annelida, including the leeches; -- called also Hirudinei. Hirudo Hi*ru"do (?), n. [L., a leech.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of leeches, including the common medicinal leech. See Leech. Hirundine Hi*run"dine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the swallows. Hirundo Hi*run"do (?), n. [L., swallow.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds including the swallows and martins. His His (?), pron. [AS. his of him, his, gen. masc. & neut. of h, neut. hit. See He.] 1. Belonging or pertaining to him; -- used as a pronominal adjective or adjective pronoun; as, tell John his papers are ready; formerly used also for its, but this use is now obsolete. No comfortable star did lend his light. Shak. Who can impress the forest, bid the tree Unfix his earth-bound root? Shak. NOTE: &hand; Also formerly used in connection with a noun simply as a sign of the possessive. "The king his son." Shak. "By young Telemachus his blooming years." Pope. This his is probably a corruption of the old possessive ending -is or -es, which, being written as a separate word, was at length confounded with the pronoun his. 2. The possessive of he; as, the book is his. "The sea is his, and he made it." Ps. xcv. 5. Hisingerite His"ing*er*ite (?), n. [Named after W. Hisinger, a Swedish mineralogist.] (Min.) A soft black, iron ore, nearly earthy, a hydrous silicate of iron. Hispanic His*pan"ic (?), a. [L. Hispanicus.] Of or pertaining to Spain or its language; as, Hispanic words. Hispanicism His*pan"i*cism, n. A Spanish idiom or mode of speech. Keightley. Hispanicize His*pan"i*cize (?), v. t. To give a Spanish form or character to; as, to Hispanicize Latin words. Hispid His"pid (?), a. [L. hispidus: cf. F. hispide.] 1. Rough with bristles or minute spines. 2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Beset with stiff hairs or bristles. Hispidulous His*pid"u*lous (?), a. [Dim. of hispid.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Minutely hispid. Hiss Hiss (?). v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hissed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Hissing.] [AS. hysian; prob. of imitative originhissen, OD. hisschen.] 1. To make with the mouth a prolonged sound like that of the letter s, by driving the breath between the tongue and the teeth; to make with the mouth a sound like that made by a goose or a snake when angered; esp., to make such a sound as an expression of hatred, passion, or disapproval. The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee. Ezek. xxvii. 36. 2. To make a similar noise by any means; to pass with a sibilant sound; as, the arrow hissed as it flew. Shod with steel, We hissed along the polished ice. Wordsworth. Hiss Hiss, v. t. 1. To condemn or express contempt for by hissing. If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, according as he pleased and displeased them. Shak. Malcolm. What is the newest grief? Ros. That of an hour's age doth hiss the speaker. Shak. 2. To utter with a hissing sound. The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise. Tennyson. Hiss Hiss, n. 1. A prolonged sound like that letter s, made by forcing out the breath between the tongue and teeth, esp. as a token of disapprobation or contempt. "Hiss" implies audible friction of breath consonants. H. Sweet. A dismal, universal hiss, the sound Of public scorn. Milton. 2. Any sound resembling that above described; as: (a) The noise made by a serpent. But hiss for hiss returned with forked tongue. Milton. (b) The note of a goose when irritated. (c) The noise made by steam escaping through a narrow orifice, or by water falling on a hot stove. <-- or the high-frequency noise from an electronic audio instrument --> Hissing Hiss"ing, n. 1. The act of emitting a hiss or hisses. 2. The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision. [Archaic] I will make this city desolate, and a hissing. Jer. xix. 8. Hissingly Hiss"ing*ly, adv. With a hissing sound. Hist Hist (?), interj. [Cf. Dan. hys. Hush, Whist.] Hush; be silent; -- a signal for silence. Milton. Histiology His`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.] Same as Histology. Histogenesis His`to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. genesis.] (Biol.) (a) The formation and development of organic tissues; histogeny; -- the opposite of histolysis. (b) Germ history of cells, and of the tissues composed of cells. Haeckel. Histogenetic His`to*ge*net"ic (?), a. [See Histogeny.] (Biol.) Tissue-producing; connected with the formation and development of the organic tissues. Histogeny His*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + root of (Biol.) Same as Histogenesis. Dunglison. Histographer His*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who describes organic tissues; an histologist. Histographical His"to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to histography. Histography His*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -graphy.] A description of, or treatise on, organic tissues. Histoh\'91matin His`to*h\'91m"a*tin (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. h\'91matin.] (Physiol.) One of a class of respiratory pigments, widely distributed in the animal kingdom, capable of ready oxidation and reduction. Histoid His"toid (?), a. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -oid.] Resembling the normal tissues; as, histoid tumors. Histologic, Histological His`to*log"ic (?), His`to*log"ic*al a. (Biol.) Pertaining to histology, or to the microscopic structure of the tissues of living organisms. -- His`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Histologist His*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in histology. Histology His*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.] That branch of biological science, which treats of the minute (microscopic) structure of animal and vegetable tissues; -- called also histiology. Histolysis His*tol"y*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "isto`s tissue + (Biol.) The decay and dissolution of the organic tissues and of the blood. Histolytic His`to*lyt"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to histolysis, or the degeneration of tissues. Histonomy His*ton"o*my (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + The science which treats of the laws relating to organic tissues, their formation, development, functions, etc. Histophyly His*toph"y*ly (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + Gr. (Biol.) The tribal history of cells, a division of morphophyly. Haeckel. Historial His*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. historialis: cf. F. historial.] Historical. [Obs.] Chaucer. Historian His*to"ri*an (?), n. [F. historien.] 1. A writer of history; a chronicler; an annalist. Even the historian takes great liberties with facts. Sir J. Reynolds. 2. One versed or well informed in history. Great captains should be good historians. South. _________________________________________________________________ Page 696 Historic, Historical His*tor"ic (?), His*tor"ic*al (?), a. [L. historicus, Gr. historique. See History.] Of or pertaining to history, or the record of past events; as, an historical poem; the historic page. -- His*tor"ic*al*ness, n. -- His*to*ric"i*ty (#), n. There warriors frowning in historic brass. Pope. Historical painting, that branch of painting which represents the events of history. -- Historical sense, that meaning of a passage which is deduced from the circumstances of time, place, etc., under which it was written. -- The historic sense, the capacity to conceive and represent the unity and significance of a past era or age. Historically His*tor"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In the manner of, or in accordance with, history. Historicize His*tor"i*cize (?), v. t. To record or narrate in the manner of a history; to chronicle. [R.] Historied His"to*ried (?), a. Related in history. Historier His*to"ri*er (?), n. An historian. [Obs.] Historiette His`to*ri*ette" (?), n. [F., dim. of histoire a history.] Historical narration on a small scale; a brief recital; a story. Emerson. Histority His*tor"i*ty (?), v. t. [History + -fy.] To record in or as history. [R.] Lamb. Thy conquest meet to be historified. Sir P. Sidney. Historiographer His*to`ri*og"ra*pher (?), n. [L. historiographus, Gr. historiographe.] An historian; a writer of history; especially, one appointed or designated to write a history; also, a title bestowed by some governments upon historians of distinction. Historiographership His*to`ri*og"ra*pher*ship, n. The office of an historiographer. Saintsbury. Historiography His*to`ri*og"ra*phy (?), n. The art of employment of an historiographer. Historiology His*to`ri*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A discourse on history. Cockeram. Historionomer His*to`ri*on"o*mer (?), n. [Gr. One versed in the phenomena of history and the laws controlling them. And historionomers will have measured accurately the sidereal years of races. Lowell. Historize His"to*rize (?), v. t. To relate as history; to chronicle; to historicize. [R.] Evelyn. History His"to*ry (?), n.; pl. Histories (#). [L.historia, Gr. 'istori`a history, information, inquiry, fr. 'istwr, "istwr, knowing, learned, from the root of wit. See Wit, and cf. Story.] 1. A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge of facts and events, so obtained; hence, a formal statement of such information; a narrative; a description; a written record; as, the history of a patient's case; the history of a legislative bill. 2. A systematic, written account of events, particularly of those affecting a nation, institution, science, or art, and usually connected with a philosophical explanation of their causes; a true story, as distinguished from a romance; -- distinguished also from annals, which relate simply the facts and events of each year, in strict chronological order; from biography, which is the record of an individual's life; and from memoir, which is history composed from personal experience, observation, and memory. Histories are as perfect as the historian is wise, and is gifted with an eye and a soul. Carlyle. For aught that I could ever read, Could ever hear by tale or history. Shak. What histories of toil could I declare! Pope. History piece, a representation in painting, drawing, etc., of any real event, including the actors and the action. -- Natural history, a description and classification of objects in nature, as minerals, plants, animals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit to the senses. Syn. -- Chronicle; annals; relation; narration. -- History, Chronicle, Annals. History is a methodical record of important events which concern a community of men, usually so arranged as to show the connection of causes and effects, to give an analysis of motive and action etc. A chronicle is a record of such events, conforming to the order of time as its distinctive feature. Annals are a chronicle divided up into separate years. By poetic license annals is sometimes used for history. Justly C\'91sar scorns the poet's lays; It is to history he trusts for praise. Pope. No more yet of this; For 't is a chronicle of day by day, Not a relation for a breakfast. Shak. Many glorious examples in the annals of our religion. Rogers. History His"to*ry, v. t. To narrate or record. [Obs.] Shak. Histotomy His*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The dissection of organic tissues. Histozyme His"to*zyme (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A soluble ferment occurring in the animal body, to the presence of which many normal decompositions and synthetical processes are supposed to be due. Histrion His"tri*on (?), n. [L. histrio: cf. F. histrion.] A player. [R.] Pope. Histrionic, Histrionical His`tri*on"ic (?), His`tri*on"ic*al (?), a. [L. histrionicus: cf. F. histronique. See Histrion.] Of or relating to the stage or a stageplayer; befitting a theatre; theatrical; -- sometimes in a bad sense. -- His`tri*on"ic*al*ly, adv. Tainted with false and histrionic feeling. De Quincey. Histrionicism His`tri*on"i*cism (?), n. The histronic art; stageplaying. W. Black. Histrionism His"tri*o*nism (?), n. Theatrical representation; acting; affectation. Sir T. Browne. Histrionize His"tri*o*nize (?), v. t. To act; to represent on the stage, or theatrically. Urquhart. Hit Hit (?), pron. It. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hit Hit, 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hide, contracted from hideth. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hit Hit (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hit; p. pr. & vb. n. Hitting.] [OE. hitten, hutten, of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hitte to hit, find, Sw. & Icel. hitta.] 1. To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch, usually with force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed at). I think you have hit the mark. Shak. 2. To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to the occasion; to perform successfully; to attain to; to accord with; to be conformable to; to suit. Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to hit the notes right. Locke. There you hit him; . . . that argument never fails with him. Dryden. Whose saintly visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight. Milton. He scarcely hit my humor. Tennyson. 3. To guess; to light upon or discover. "Thou hast hit it." Shak. 4. (Backgammon) To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing player; -- said of a single unprotected piece on a point. To hit off, to describe with quick characteristic strokes; as, to hit off a speaker. Sir W. Temple. -- To hit out, to perform by good luck. [Obs.] Spenser. Hit Hit (?), v. i. 1. To meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; -- followed by against or on. If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and hit one against another? Locke. Corpuscles, meeting with or hitting on those bodies, become conjoined with them. Woodward. 2. To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, -- often with implied chance, or luck. And oft it hits Where hope is coldest and despair most fits. Shak. And millions miss for one that hits. Swift. To hit on OR upon, to light upon; to come to by chance. "None of them hit upon the art." Addison. Hit Hit, n. 1. A striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything. So he the famed Cilician fencer praised, And, at each hit, with wonder seems amazed. Dryden. 2. A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a fortunate chance; as, he made a hit. What late he called a blessing, now was wit, And God's good providence, a lucky hit. Pope. <-- esp. A performance, as a musical recording, movie, or play, which achieved great popularity or acclaim. also used of books or objects of commerce which become big sellers --> 3. A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought; a phrase which hits the mark; as, a happy hit. 4. A game won at backgammon after the adversary has removed some of his men. It counts less than a gammon. 5. (Baseball) A striking of the ball; as, a safe hit; a foul hit; -- sometimes used specifically for a base hit. <-- 6. A murder performed for hire, esp. by a professional assassin. --> <-- hit man. (a) a professional murderer, esp. one working for a criminal organization; also, "torpedo" [jargon] (b) (fig.) A slanderer working for political purposes -- See "hatchet man". --> Base hit, Safe hit, Sacrifice hit. (Baseball) See under Base, Safe, etc. <-- Hit. Hit. adj. having become very popular or acclaimed; -- said of entertainment performances; as, a hit record, a hit movie. --> Hitch Hitch (?), v. t. [Cf. Scot. hitch a motion by a jerk, and hatch, hotch, to move by jerks, also Prov. G. hiksen, G. hinken, to limp, hobble; or E. hiccough; or possibly akin to E. hook.] 1. To become entangled or caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling. Atoms . . . which at length hitched together. South. 2. To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or steps; -- said of something obstructed or impeded. Slides into verse, and hitches in a rhyme. Pope. To ease themselves . . . by hitching into another place. Fuller. 3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to interfere. [Eng.] Halliwell. Hitch Hitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hitching.] 1. To hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast, unite, or yoke; as, to hitch a horse, or a halter. 2. To move with hitches; as, he hitched his chair nearer. To hitch up. (a) To fasten up. (b) To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a sailor hitches up his trousers. (c) To attach, as a horse, to a vehicle; as, hitch up the gray mare. [Colloq.] Hitch Hitch, n. 1. A catch; anything that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an obstacle; an entanglement. 2. The act of catching, as on a hook, etc. 3. A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an impediment; a temporary obstruction; an obstacle; as, a hitch in one's progress or utterance; a hitch in the performance. 4. A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; as, the sailor gave his trousers a hitch. 5. (Naut.) A knot or noose in a rope which can be readily undone; -- intended for a temporary fastening; as, a half hitch; a clove hitch; a timber hitch, etc. 6. (Geol.) A small dislocation of a bed or vein. Hitchel Hitch"el (?), n. & v. t. See Hatchel. Hithe Hithe (?), n. [AS. hHide to conceal.] A port or small haven; -- used in composition; as, Lambhithe, now Lambeth. Pennant. Hither Hith"er (?), adv. [OE. hider, AS. hider; akin to Icel. hra, Dan. hid, Sw. hit, Goth. hidrcitra on this side, or E. here, he. He.] 1. To this place; -- used with verbs signifying motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of hence and thither; as, to come or bring hither. 2. To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.; -- in a sense not physical. Hither we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the highest perfection of man. Hooker. Hither and thither, to and fro; backward and forward; in various directions. "Victory is like a traveller, and goeth hither and thither." Knolles. Hither Hith"er, a. 1. Being on the side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; -- correlate of thither and farther; as, on the hither side of a hill. Milton. 2. Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer years than. And on the hither side, or so she looked, Of twenty summers. Tennyson. To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few years on the hither and thither side of thirty, the name of Charles Darwin stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday. Huxley. Hithermost Hith"er*most` (?), a. Nearest on this side. Sir M. Hale. Hitherto Hith"er*to` (?), adv. 1. To this place; to a prescribed limit. Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further. Job xxxviii. 11. 2. Up to this time; as yet; until now. The Lord hath blessed me hitherto. Josh. xvii. 14. Hitherward Hith"er*ward (?), adv. [AS. hiderweard.] Toward this place; hither. Marching hitherward in proud array. Shak. Hitter Hit"ter (?), n. One who hits or strikes; as, a hard hitter. Hive Hive (?), n. [OE. hive, huve, AS. h.] 1. A box, basket, or other structure, for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees. Dryden. 2. The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees. Shak. 3. A place swarming with busy occupants; a crowd. The hive of Roman liars. Tennyson. Hive bee (Zo\'94l.), the honeybee. Hive Hive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiving.] 1. To collect into a hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; as, to hive a swarm of bees. 2. To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to gather and accumulate for future need; to lay up in store. Hiving wisdom with each studious year. Byron. Hive Hive, v. i. To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in a collective body. Pope. Hiveless Hive"less, a. Destitute of a hive. Gascoigne. Hiver Hiv"er (?), n. One who collects bees into a hive. Hives Hives (?), n. [Scot.; perh. akin to E. heave.] (Med.) (a) The croup. (b) An eruptive disease (Varicella globularis), allied to the chicken pox. Hizz Hizz (?), v. i. To hiss. [Obs.] Shak. Ho Ho (?), pron. Who. [Obs.] In some Chaucer MSS. Ho, Hoa Ho, Hoa (?), n. [See Ho, interj., 2.] A stop; a halt; a moderation of pace. There is no ho with them. Decker. Ho, Hoa Ho, Hoa (?), interj. [Cf. F. & G. ho.] 1. Halloo! attend! -- a call to excite attention, or to give notice of approach. "What noise there, ho?" Shak. "Ho! who's within?" Shak. 2. [Perhaps corrupted fr. hold; but cf. F. hau stop! and E. whoa.] Stop! stand still! hold! -- a word now used by teamsters, but formerly to order the cessation of anything. [Written also whoa, and, formerly, hoo.] The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried "Hoo!" Chaucer. An herald on a scaffold made an hoo. Chaucer. Hoar Hoar (?), a. [OE. hor, har, AS. h\'ber; akin to Icel. h\'berr, and to OHG. h&emac;r illustrious, magnificent; cf. Icel. Hei&edh; brightness of the sky, Goth. hais torch, Skr. k&emac;tus light, torch. Cf. Hoary.] 1. White, or grayish white: as, hoar frost; hoar cliffs. "Hoar waters." Spenser. 2. Gray or white with age; hoary. Whose beard with age is hoar. Coleridge. Old trees with trunks all hoar. Byron. 3. Musty; moldy; stale. [Obs.] Shak. Hoar Hoar, n. Hoariness; antiquity. [R.] Covered with the awful hoar of innumerable ages. Burke. Hoar Hoar, v. t. [AS. h\'berian to grow gray.] To become moldy or musty. [Obs.] Shak. Hoard Hoard (?), n. See Hoarding, 2. Smart. Hoard Hoard, n. [OE. hord, AS. hord; akin to OS. hord, G. hort, Icel. hodd, Goth. huzd; prob. from the root of E. hide to conceal, and of L. custos guard, E. custody. See Hide to conceal.] A store, stock, or quantity of anything accumulated or laid up; a hidden supply; a treasure; as, a hoard of provisions; a hoard of money. Hoard Hoard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoarding.] [AS. hordian.] To collect and lay up; to amass and deposit in secret; to store secretly, or for the sake of keeping and accumulating; as, to hoard grain. Hoard Hoard, v. i. To lay up a store or hoard, as of money. To hoard for those whom he did breed. Spenser. Hoarder Hoard"er (?), n. One who hoards. Hoarding Hoard"ing (?), n. [From OF. hourd, hourt, barrier, palisade, of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. horde hurdle, fence, G. horde, h\'81rde; akin to E. hurdle. &root;16. See Hurdle.] 1. (Arch.) A screen of boards inclosing a house and materials while builders are at work. [Eng.] Posted on every dead wall and hoarding. London Graphic. 2. A fence, barrier, or cover, inclosing, surrounding, or concealing something. The whole arrangement was surrounded by a hoarding, the space within which was divided into compartments by sheets of tin. Tyndall. Hoared Hoared (?), a. Moldy; musty. [Obs.] Granmer. Hoarfrost Hoar"frost` (?), n. The white particles formed by the congelation of dew; white frost. [Written also horefrost. See Hoar, a.] He scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes. Ps. cxlvii. 16. Hoarhound Hoar"hound` (?), n. Same as Horehound. Hoariness Hoar"i*ness (?), n. [From Hoary.] The state of being hoary. Dryden. Hoarse Hoarse (?), a. [Compar. Hoarser (?), superl. Hoarsest.] [OE. hors, also hos, has, AS. h\'bes; akin to D. heesch, G. heiser, Icel. h\'bess, Dan. h\'91s, Sw. hes. Cf. Prov. E. heazy.] 1. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a rough, harsh cry or sound; as, the hoarse raven. The hoarse resounding shore. Dryden. 2. Harsh; grating; discordant; -- said of any sound. Hoarsely Hoarse"ly, adv. With a harsh, grating sound or voice. Hoarsen Hoars"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarsened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoarsening.] To make hoarse. I shall be obliged to hoarsen my voice. Richardson. Hoarseness Hoarse"ness (?), n. Harshness or roughness of voice or sound, due to mucus collected on the vocal cords, or to swelling or looseness of the cords. ______________________________________________________________ Page 697 Hoarstone Hoar"stone` (?), n. A stone designating the Halliwell. Hoary Hoar"y (?), a. 1. White or whitish."The hoary willows." Addison. 2. White or gray with age; hoar; as, hoary hairs. Reverence the hoary head. Dr. T. Dwight. 3. Hence, remote in time past; as, hoary antiquity. 4. Moldy; mossy; musty. [Obs.] Knolles. 5. (Zo\'94l.) Of a pale silvery gray. 6. (Bot.) Covered with short, dense, grayish white hairs; canescent. Hoary bat (Zo\'94l.), an American bat (Atalapha cinerea), having the hair yellowish, or brown, tipped with white. Hoatzin Ho"at*zin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hoazin. Hoax Hoax (?), n. [Prob. contr. fr. hocus, in hocus-pocus.] A deception for mockery or mischief; a deceptive trick or story; a practical joke. Macaulay. Hoax Hoax, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoaxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoaxing.] To deceive by a story or a trick, for sport or mischief; to impose upon sportively. Lamb. Hoaxer Hoax"er (?), n. One who hoaxes. Hoazin Hoa"zin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A remarkable South American bird (Opisthocomus cristatus); the crested touraco. By some zo\'94logists it is made the type of a distinct order (Opisthocomi). Hob Hob (?), n. [Prob. akin to hump. Cf. Hub. ] 1. The hub of a wheel. See Hub. Washington. 2. The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of a fire grate, where things are put to be kept warm. Smart. 3. (Mech.) A threaded and fluted hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap, used in a lathe for forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels, etc. Hob Hob, n [Orig. an abbrev. of Robin, Robert; Robin Goodfellow a celebrated fairy, or domestic spirit. Cf. Hobgoblin, and see Robin. ] 1. A fairy; a sprite; an elf. [Obs.] From elves, hobs, and fairies, . . . Defend us, good Heaven ! Beau. & FL. 2. A countryman; a rustic; a clown. [Obs.] Nares. Hobanob, Hobandnob Hob"a*nob` (?), Hob"and*nob`, v. i. Same as Hobnob. Tennyson. Hobbism Hob"bism (?), n. The philosophical system of Thomas Hobbes, an English materialist ( Hobbist Hob"bist (?), n. One who accepts the doctrines of Thomas Hobbes. Hobble Hob"ble (?), n. i. [imp. & p. p. Hobbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hobbling (?).] [OE. hobelen, hoblen, freq. of hoppen to hop; akin to D. hobbelen, hoblen, hoppeln. See Hop to jump, and cf. Hopple ] 1. To walk lame, bearing chiefly on one leg; to walk with a hitch or hop, or with crutches. The friar was hobbling the same way too. Dryden. 2. To move roughly or irregularly; -- said of style in writing. Prior. The hobbling versification, the mean diction. Jeffreys. Hobble Hob"ble, v. t. 1. To fetter by tying the legs; to hopple; to clog. " They hobbled their horses." Dickens 2. To perplex; to embarrass. Hobble Hob"ble, n. 1. An unequal gait; a limp; a halt; as, he has a hobble in his gait. Swift. 2. Same as Hopple. 3. Difficulty; perplexity; embarrassment. Waterton. Hobblebush Hob"ble*bush` (?), n. (Bot.) A low bush (Viburnum lantanoides) having long, straggling branches and handsome flowers. It is found in the Northern United States. Called also shinhopple. Hobbledehoy, Hobbletehoy Hob"ble*de*hoy` (?), Hob"ble*te*hoy` (?), n. [Written also hobbetyhoy, hobbarddehoy, hobbedehoy, hobdehoy.] [ Cf. Prob. E. hobbledygee with a limping movement; also F. hobereau, a country squire, E. hobby, and OF. hoi to-day; perh. the orig. sense was, an upstart of to-day.] A youth between boy and man; an awkward, gawky young fellow . [Colloq.] All the men, boys, and hobbledehoys attached to the farm. Dickens. . Hobbler Hob"bler (?), n. One who hobbles. Hobbler Hob"bler, n. [OE. also hobeler, OF. hobelier, LL. hobellarius. See Hobby a horse.] (Eng. Hist.) One who by his tenure was to maintain a horse for military service; a kind of light horseman in the Middle Ages who was mounted on a hobby. Hallam. Sir J. Davies. Hobblingly Hob"bling*ly (?), adv. With a limping step. Hobbly Hob"bly (?), a. Rough; uneven; causing one to hobble; as a hobbly road. Hobby Hob"by (?), n.; pl. Hobbies (#). [OE. hobi; cf. OF. hobe, hob\'82, F. hobereau a hobby, a species of falcon. OF. hober to move, stir. Cf. Hobby a horse.] (Zo\'94l.) A small, strong-winged European falcon (Falco subbuteo), formerly trained for hawking. Hobby, Hobbyhorse Hob"by (?), Hob"by*horse` (?), n. [OE. hobin a nag, OF. hobin hobby; cf. hober to stir, move; prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hoppe a mare, dial. Sw. hoppa; perh. akin to E. hop to jump.] 1. A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; an ambling nag. Johnson. 2. A stick, often with the head or figure of a horse, on which boys make believe to ride. [ Usually under the form hobbyhorse.] 3. A subject or plan upon which one is constantly setting off; a favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse, thought, or effort; that which occupies one's attention unduly, or to the weariness of others; a ruling passion. [Usually under the form hobby.] Not one of them has any hobbyhorse, to use the phrase of Sterne. Macaulay. Hobbyhorsical Hob`by*hors"ic*al (?), n. Pertaining to, or having, a hobby or whim; eccentric; whimsical.[Colloq.] Sterne. Hobgoblin Hob"gob`lin (?), n. [See 2d Hob, and Goblin.] A frightful goblin; an imp; a bugaboo; also, a name formerly given to the household spirit, Robin Goodfellow. Macaulay. Hobiler Hob"i*ler (?), n.[See 2d Hobbler.] A light horseman. See 2d Hobbler. [Obs.] Brande & C. Hobit Ho"bit (?), n. [See Howitzer.] (Mil.) A small mortar on a gun carriage, in use before the howitzer. Hobnail Hob"nail` (?), n. [1st hob + nail.] 1. A short, sharp-pointed, large-headed nail, -- used in shoeing houses and for studding the soles of heavy shoes. 2. A clownish person; a rustic. Milton. Hobnail liver (Med.), a disease in which the liver is shrunken, hard, and covered with projections like hobnails; one of the forms of cirrhosis of the liver. Hobnail Hob"nail`, v. t. To tread down roughly, as with hobnailed shoes. Your rights and charters hobnailed into slush. Tennyson. Hobnailed Hob"nailed` (?), a. See with hobnails, as a shoe. Hobnob Hob"nob` (?), adv. [AS. habban to have + habban to have not; ne not + habban to have. See Have, and cf. Habnab.] 1. Have or have not; -- a familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking. Shak. 2. At random; hit or miss. (Obs.) Holinshed. Hobnob Hob"nob`, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hornobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hornobbing.] 1. To drink familiarly (with another). [ Written also hob-a-nob.] 2. To associate familiarly; to be on intimate terms. Hobnob Hob"nob`, n. Familiar, social intercourse. W. Black. Hobornob Hob"or*nob` (?), adv. See Hobnob. Hoboy Ho"boy (?), n. A hautboy or oboe. [Obs.] Hobson's choice Hob"son's choice" (?). A choice without an alternative; the thing offered or nothing. NOTE: &hand; It is said to have had its origin in the name of one Hobson, at Cambridge, England, who let horses, and required every customer to take in his turn the horse which stood next the stable door. Hocco Hoc"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The crested curassow; -- called also royal pheasant. See Curassow. Hochepot Hoche"pot (?), n. Hotchpot. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hock Hock (?), n. [So called from Hochheim, in Germany.] A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still. The name is also given indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines. Hock, Hough Hock, Hough (, n. [ AS. h the heel; prob. akin to Icel. h\'besinn hock sinew, Dan. hasc, G. hechse, h\'84chse, LG. hacke, D.hak; also to L. coxa hip (cf. Cuisses), Skr. kaksha armpit. &root;12. Cf. Heel.] 1. (a) The joint in the hind limb of quadrupeds between the leg and shank, or tibia and tarsus, and corresponding to the ankle in man. (b) A piece cut by butchers, esp. in pork, from either the front or hind leg, just above the foot. 2. The popliteal space; the ham. Hock Hock, v. t. To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough. Hockamore Hock"a*more (?), n. [See 1st Hock.] A Rhenish wine. [Obs.] See Hock. Hudibras. Hockday Hock"day` (?), n. [Cf. AS. h&omac;cor mockery, scorn.] A holiday commemorating the expulsion of the Danes, formerly observed on the second Tuesday after Easter; -- called also hocktide. [Eng.] [Written also hokeday.] Hockey Hock"ey (?), n. [From Hook, n.] 1. A game in which two parties of players, armed with sticks curved or hooked at the end, attempt to drive any small object (as a ball or a bit of wood) toward opposite goals. 2. The stick used by the players. [Written also hookey and hawkey.] Hockherb Hock"herb` (?), n. (Bot.) The mallow. Hockle Hoc"kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hockled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hockling (?).] [From 2d Hock.] 1. To hamstring; to hock; to hough. Hanmer. 2. To mow, as stubble. Mason. Hocus Ho"cus (?), v. t. [See Hocus-pocus.] 1. To deceive or cheat. Halliwell. 2. To adulterate; to drug; as, liquor is said to be hocused for the purpose of stupefying the drinker. Dickens. 3. To stupefy with drugged liquor. Thackeray. Hocus Ho"cus, n. 1. One who cheats or deceives. South. 2. Drugged liquor. Hocuspocus Ho"cus*po"cus (?), n. [Prob. invented by jugglers in imitation of Latin. Cf. Hoax, Hocus .] 1. A term used by jugglers in pretended incantations. 2. A juggler or trickster. Sir T. Herbert. 3. A juggler's trick; a cheat; nonsense. Hudibras. Hocuspocus Ho"cus*po"cus, v. t. To cheat. [Colloq.] L'Estrange. Hod Hod (?), n. [Prov. E. for hold, i. e., that which holds. See Hold.] 1. A kind of wooden tray with a handle, borne on the shoulder, for carrying mortar, brick, etc. 2. A utensil for holding coal; a coal scuttle. Hoddengray Hod"den*gray` (?), a. [Perh. akin to E. hoiden rustic, clownish.] Applied to coarse cloth made of undyed wool, formerly worn by Scotch peasants. [Scot.] Hoddy Hod"dy (?), n. [Prob. for hooded.] (Zo\'94l.) See Dun crow, under Dun, a. Hoddydoddy Hod"dy*dod`dy (?), n. [Prob. E. also hoddypeke, hoddypoule, hoddymandoddy.] An awkward or foolish person. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Hodgepodge Hodge"podge` (?), n. A mixed mass; a medley. See Hotchpot. Johnson. Hodgkin's disease Hodg`kin's dis*ease" (?). (Med.) A morbid condition characterized by progressive an\'91mia and enlargement of the lymphatic glands; -- first described by Dr. Hodgkin, an English physician. Hodiern, Hodiernal Ho"di*ern (?), Ho`di*er"nal (?), a. [L. hodiernus, fr. hodie today.] Of this day; belonging to the present day. [R.] Boyle. Quart. Rev. Hodman Hod"man (?), n.; pl. Hodmen( A man who carries a hod; a mason's tender. Hodmandod Hod"man*dod (?), n. [Obs.] See Dodman. Bacon. Hodograph Hod"o*graph (?), n. [Gr.graph.] (Math.) A curve described by the moving extremity of a line the other end of which is fixed, this line being constantly parallel to the direction of motion of, and having its length constantly proportional to the velocity of, a point moving in any path; -used in investigations respecting central forces. Hodometer Ho*dom"e*ter (?), n. See Odometer. Hoe Hoe (?), n. [OF. hoe, F. houe; of German origin, cf. OHG. houwa, howa, G. haue, fr. OHG. houwan to hew. See Hew to cut.] 1. A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and arranging the earth about plants in fields and gardens. It is made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or tang by which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The horned or piked dogfish. See Dogfish. Dutch hoe, one having the blade set for use in the manner of a spade. -- Horse hoe, a kind of cultivator. Hoe Hoe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoeing.] [Cf. F. houer.] To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with a hoe; as, to hoe the earth in a garden; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe; as, to hoe corn. To hoe one's row, to do one's share of a job. [Colloq.] Hoe Hoe, v. i. To use a hoe; to labor with a hoe. Hoecake Hoe"cake` (?), n. A cake of Indian meal, water, and salt, baked before the fire or in the ashes; -- so called because often cooked on a hoe. [Southern U.S.] Hoemother Hoe"moth`er (?), n. [A local Orkney name; cf. Icel.h\'ber.] (Zo\'94l.) The basking or liver shark; -- called also homer. See Liver shark, under Liver. Hoful Ho"ful (?), a. [AS.hogful, hohful, fr. hogu care, anxiety.] Careful; wary. [Obs.] Stapleton. Hog Hog (?), n. [Prob. akin to E. hack to cut, and meaning orig., a castrated boar; cf. also W. hwch swine, sow, Armor. houc'h, hoc'h. Cf. Haggis, Hogget, and Hoggerel.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A quadruped of the genus Sus, and allied genera of Suid\'91; esp., the domesticated varieties of S. scrofa, kept for their fat and meat, called, respectively, lard and pork; swine; porker; specifically, a castrated boar; a barrow. NOTE: &hand; Th e do mestic ho gs of Si am, Ch ina, an d pa rts of Southern Europe, are thought to have been derived from Sus Indicus. 2. A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow. [Low.] 3. A young sheep that has not been shorn. [Eng.] 4. (Naut.) A rough, flat scrubbing broom for scrubbing a ship's bottom under water. Totten. 5. (Paper Manuf.) A device for mixing and stirring the pulp of which paper is made. Bush hog, Ground hog, etc. See under Bush, Ground, etc. -- Hog caterpillar (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the green grapevine sphinx; -- so called because the head and first three segments are much smaller than those behind them, so as to make a resemblance to a hog's snout. See Hawk moth. -- Hog cholera, an epidemic contagious fever of swine, attended by liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance on the skin and mucous membrane of spots and patches of a scarlet, purple, or black color. It is fatal in from one to six days, or ends in a slow, uncertain recovery. Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser. )-- Hog deer (Zo\'94l.), the axis deer. -- Hog gum (Bot.), West Indian tree (Symphonia globulifera), yielding an aromatic gum. -- Hog of wool, the trade name for the fleece or wool of sheep of the second year. -- Hog peanut (Bot.), a kind of earth pea. -- Hog plum (Bot.), a tropical tree, of the genus Spondias (S. lutea), with fruit somewhat resembling plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. It is found in the West Indies. -- Hog's bean (Bot.), the plant henbane. -- Hog's bread.(Bot.) See Sow bread. -- Hog's fennel. (Bot.) See under Fennel. -- Mexican hog (Zo\'94l.), the peccary. -- Water hog. (Zo\'94l.) See Capybara. Hog Hog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hogging.] 1. To cut short like bristles; as, to hog the mane of a horse. Smart. 2. (Naut.) To scrub with a hog, or scrubbing broom. Hog Hog, v. i. (Naut.) To become bent upward in the middle, like a hog's back; -- said of a ship broken or strained so as to have this form. Hogback Hog"back` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) An upward curve or very obtuse angle in the upper surface of any member, as of a timber laid horizontally; -- the opposite of camber. 2. (Naut.) See Hogframe. 3. (Geol.) A ridge formed by tilted strata; hence, any ridge with a sharp summit, and steeply sloping sides. Hogchain Hog"chain` (?), n. A chain or tie rod, in a boat or barge, to prevent the vessel from hogging. Hogchoker Hog"chok`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An American sole (Achirus lineatus, or A. achirus), related to the European sole, but of no market value. Hogcote Hog"cote` (?), n. A shed for swine; a sty. Hogfish Hog"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large West Indian and Florida food fish (Lachnol\'91mus). (b) The pigfish or sailor's choice. (c) An American fresh-water fish; the log perch. (d) A large, red, spiny-headed, European marine fish (Scorp\'91na scrofa). Hogframe Hog"frame` (?), n. (Steam Vessels) A trussed frame extending fore and aft, usually above deck, and intended to increase the longitudinal strength and stiffness. Used chiefly in American river and lake steamers. Called also hogging frame, and hogback. Hogged Hogged (?), a. (Naut.) Broken or strained so as to have an upward curve between the ends. See Hog, v. i. Hogger Hog"ger (?), n. A stocking without a foot, worn by coal miners at work. Hoggerel Hog"ger*el (?), n. [From the same source as hog; prob. orig., a sheep clipped the first year. See Hog.] A sheep of the second year. [Written also hogrel.] Ash. Hoggerpipe Hog"ger*pipe` (?), n. (Mining) The upper terminal pipe of a mining pump. Raymond. _________________________________________________________________ Page 698 Hogger-pump Hog"ger-pump" (?), n. (Mining) The for pump in the pit. Raymond. Hoggery Hog"ger*y (?), n. Hoggish character or manners; selfishness; greed; beastliness. Crime and shame And all their hoggery. Mrs. Browning. Hogget Hog"get (?), n. [See Hog, and Hoggerel.] 1. A young boar of the second year. 2. A sheep or colt alter it has passed its first year. Hogging Hog"ging (?), n. (Naut.) Drooping at the ends; arching;-in distinction from sagging. Hogging frame. See Hogframe. Hoggish Hog"gish (?), a. Swinish; gluttonous; filthy; selfish. -- Hog"gish*ly, adv. -- Hog"gish*ness, n. Is not a hoggish life the height of some men's wishes? Shaftesbury. Hogh Hogh (h&omac;), n. [Icel. haugr hill, mound; akin to E. high. See High.] A hill; a cliff. [Obs.] Spenser. Hogherd Hog"herd (?), n. A swineherd. W. Browne. Hogmanay Hog`ma*nay" (, n. The old name, in Scotland, for the last day of the year, on which children go about singing, and receive a dole of bread or cakes; also, the entertainment given on that day to a visitor, or the gift given to an applicant. [Scot.] Hognosesnake Hog"nose`snake" (?). (Zo\'94l.) A harmless North American snake of the genus Heterodon, esp. H. platyrhynos; -- called also puffing adder, blowing adder, and sand viper. Hognut Hog"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The pignut. See Hickory. (b) In England, the Bunium flexuosum, a tuberous plant. Hogo Ho"go (?), n. [Corrupted from F. haut go\'96t.] High flavor; strong scent. [Obs.] Halliwell. Hogpen Hog"pen` (?), n. A pen or sty for hogs. Hogreeve Hog"reeve` (?), n. [See Reeve.] A civil officer charged with the duty of impounding hogs running at large. [New Eng.] Bartlett. Hogringer Hog"ring`er (?), n. One who puts rings into the snouts of hogs. Hog's-back Hog's"-back` (?), n. (Geol.) A hogback. Hogscore Hog"score` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Curling) A distance lime brawn across the rink or course between the middle line and the tee. [Scot.] Hogshead Hogs"head (?), n. [D. okshoofd; akin to Sw. oxhufvud, Dan. oxehoved, G. oxhoft; apparently meaning orig., ox head, but it is not known why this name was given. Cf. Ox, Head.] 1. An English measure of capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52 NOTE: &hand; Th e Lo ndon hogshead of beer was 54 beer gallons, the London hogshead of ale was 48 ale gallons. Elsewhere in England the ale and beer hogsheads held 51 gallons. These measures are no longer in use, except for cider. 2. A large cask or barrel, of indefinite contents; esp. one containing from 100 to 140 gallons. [U. S.] Hogskin Hog"skin` (?), n. Leather tanned from a hog's skin. Also used adjectively. Hogsty Hog"sty` (?), n.; pl. Hogsties (. A pen, house, or inclosure, for hogs. Hogwash Hog"wash` (?), n. Swill. Arbuthnot. Hogweed Hog"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A common weed (Ambrosia artemisi\'91ge). See Ambrosia, 3. (b) In England, the Heracleum Sphondylium. Hoiden Hoi"den (?), n. [OE. hoydon a lout, rustic, OD. heyden a heathen, gypsy, vagabond, D. heiden, fr. OD. heyde heath, D. heide. See Heathen, Heath.] [Written also hoyden.] 1. A rude, clownish youth. [Obs.] Milton. 2. A rude, bold girl; a romp. H. Kingsley. Hoiden Hoi"den, a. Rustic; rude; bold. Younq. Hoiden Hoi"den, v. i. To romp rudely or indecently. Swift. Hoidenhood Hoi"den*hood (?), n. State of being a hoiden. Hoidenish Hoi"den*ish, a. Like, or appropriate to, a hoiden. Hoise Hoise (?), v. t. [See Hoist.] To hoist. [Obs.] They . . . hoised up the mainsail to the wind. Acts xxvii. 40. Hoist Hoist (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoisting.] [OE. hoise, hyse, OD. hyssen, D. hijshen; akin to LG. hissen, Dan. hisse, Sw. hissa.] To raise; to lift; to elevate; esp., to raise or lift to a desired elevation, by means of tackle, as a sail, a flag, a heavy package or weight. They land my goods, and hoist my flying sails. Pope. Hoisting him into his father's throne. South. Hoisting engine, a steam engine for operating a hoist. Hoist Hoist, n. 1. That by which anything is hoisted; the apparatus for lifting goods. 2. The act of hoisting; a lift. [Collog.] 3. (fly , or horizontal length when flying from a staff. (b) The height of a fore-and-aft sail next the mast or stay. Totten. Hoist bridge, a drawbridge that is lifted instead of being swung or drawn aside. Hoist Hoist, p. p. Hoisted. [Obs.] 'Tis the sport to have the enginer Hoist with his own petar. Shak. Hoistaway Hoist"a*way` (?), n. A mechanical lift. See Elevator. Hoistway Hoist"way` (?), n. An opening for the hoist, or Hoit Hoit (?), v. i. [Gf. W. hoetian to dally, dandle.] To leap; to caper; to romp noisily. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Hoity-toity Hoi"ty-toi`ty (?), a. [From Hoit.] Thoughtless; giddy; flighty; also, haughty; patronizing; as, to be in hoity-toity spirits, or to assume hoity-toity airs; used also as an exclamation, denoting surprise or disapprobation, with some degree of contempt. Hoity-toity! What have I to do with dreams? Congreve. Hokeday Hoke"day` (?), n. Same as Hockday. Hoker Ho"ker (?), n. [AS. h.] Scorn; derision; abusive talk. [Obs.] -- Ho"ker*ly, adv. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hol Hol (?), a. [See Whole.] Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hoiaspidean Hoi`as*pid"e*an (?), a. [Holo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having a single series of large scutes on the posterior side of the tarsus; -- said of certain birds. Holcad Hol"cad (?), n. [Gr. 'olka`s, -a`dos, a ship which is towed, a ship of burden, fr. 'e`lkein to draw. Gf. Hulk.] A large ship of burden, in ancient Greece. Mitford. Hold Hold (?), n. [D. hol hole, hollow. See Hole.] (Naut.) The whole interior portion of a vessel below the lower deck, in which the cargo is stowed. Hold Hold, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Held (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Holding. Holden (, p. p., is obs. in elegant writing, though still used in legal language.] [OE. haldan, D. houden, OHG. hoten, Icel. halda, Dan. holde, Sw. h\'86lla, Goth. haldan to feed, tend (the cattle); of unknown origin. Gf. Avast, Halt, Hod.] 1. To cause to remain in a given situation, position, or relation, within certain limits, or the like; to prevent from falling or escaping; to sustain; to restrain; to keep in the grasp; to retain. The loops held one curtain to another. Ex. xxxvi. 12. Thy right hand shall hold me. Ps. cxxxix. 10. They all hold swords, being expert in war. Cant. iii. In vain he seeks, that having can not hold. Spenser. France, thou mayst hold a serpent by the tongue, . . . A fasting tiger safer by the tooth, Than keep in peace that hand which thou dost hold. Shak. 2. To retain in one's keeping; to maintain possession of, or authority over; not to give up or relinquish; to keep; to defend. We mean to hold what anciently we claim Of deity or empire. Milton. 3. To have; to possess; to be in possession of; to occupy; to derive title to; as, to hold office. This noble merchant held a noble house. Chaucer. Of him to hold his seigniory for a yearly tribute. Knolles. And now the strand, and now the plain, they held. Dryden. 4. To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to restrain. We can not hold mortality's strong hand. Shak. Death! what do'st? O,hold thy blow. Grashaw. He hat not sufficient judgment and self-command to hold his tongue. Macaulay. 5. To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain. Hold not thy peace, and be not still. Ps. lxxxiii. 1. Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost, Shall hold their course. Milton. 6. To prosecute, have, take, or join in, as something which is the result of united action; as to, hold a meeting, a festival, a session, etc.; hence, to direct and bring about officially; to conduct or preside at; as, the general held a council of war; a judge holds a court; a clergyman holds a service. I would hold more talk with thee. Shak. 7. To receive and retain; to contain as a vessel; as, this pail holds milk; hence, to be able to receive and retain; to have capacity or containing power for. Broken cisterns that can hold no water. Jer. ii. 13. One sees more devils than vast hell can hold. Shak. 8. To accept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of, openly or privately; to persist in, as a purpose; to maintain; to sustain. Stand fast and hold the traditions which ye have been taught. 2 Thes. ii.15. But still he held his purpose to depart. Dryden. 9. To consider; to regard; to esteem; to account; to think; to judge. I hold him but a fool. Shak. I shall never hold that man my friend. Shak. The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. Ex. xx. 7. 10. To bear, carry, or manage; as he holds himself erect; he holds his head high. Let him hold his fingers thus. Shak. To hold a wager, to lay or hazard a wager. Swift. -- To hold forth, to offer; to exhibit; to propose; to put forward. "The propositions which books hold forth and pretend to teach." Locke. -- To held in, to restrain; to curd. -- To hold in hand, to toy with; to keep in expectation; to have in one's power. [Obs.] O, fie! to receive favors, return falsehoods, And hold a lady in hand. Beaw. & Fl. --To hold in play, to keep under control; to dally with. Macaulay. -- To hold off, to keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to hold in being, continuance or position; as, to hold a rider on. -- To hold one's day, to keep one's appointment. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To hold one's own. <-- Note! There is no (b) in the original -->(a) To keep good one's present condition absolutely or relatively; not to fall off, or to lose ground; as, a ship holds her own when she does not lose ground in a race or chase; a man holds his own when he does not lose strength or weight. -- To hold one's peace, to keep silence.- To hold out. (a) To extend; to offer. "Fortune holds out these to you as rewards." B. Jonson. (b) To continue to do or to suffer; to endure. "He can not long hold out these pangs." Shak. -- To hold up. (a) To raise; to lift; as, hold up your head. (b) To support; to sustain. "He holds himself up in virtue."Sir P. Sidney. (c) To exhibit; to display; as, he was held up as an example. (d) To rein in; to check; to halt; as, hold up your horses. -- To hold water. (a) Literally, to retain water without leaking; hence (Fig.), to be whole, sound, consistent, without gaps or holes; -- commonly used in a negative sense; as, his statements will not hold water. [Collog.] (b) (Naut.) To hold the oars steady in the water, thus checking the headway of a boat. Hold Hold, n. i. In general, to keep one's self in a given position or condition; to remain fixed. Hence: 1. Not to more; to halt; to stop;-mostly in the imperative. And damned be him that first cries, "Hold, enough!" Shak. 2. Not to give way; not to part or become separated; to remain unbroken or unsubdued. Our force by land hath nobly held. Shak. 3. Not to fail or be found wanting; to continue; to last; to endure a test or trial; to abide; to persist. While our obedience holds. Milton. The rule holds in land as all other commodities. Locke. 4. Not to fall away, desert, or prove recreant; to remain attached; to cleave;-often with with, to, or for. He will hold to the one and despise the other. Matt. vi. 24 5. To restrain one's self; to refrain. His dauntless heart would fain have held From weeping, but his eyes rebelled. Dryden. 6. To derive right or title; -- generally with of. My crown is absolute, and holds of none. Dryden. His imagination holds immediately from nature. Hazlitt. Hold on! Hold up! wait; stop; forbear. [Collog] -- To hold forth, to speak in public; to harangue; to preach. L'Estrange. -- To hold in, to restrain one's self; as, he wanted to laugh and could hardly hold in. -- To hold off, to keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to keep fast hold; to continue; to go on. "The trade held on for many years," Swift. -- To hold out, to last; to endure; to continue; to maintain one's self; not to yield or give way. -- To hold over, to remain in office, possession, etc., beyond a certain date. -- To hold to OR with, to take sides with, as a person or opinion. -- To hold together, to be joined; not to separate; to remain in union. Dryden. Locke. -- To hold up. (a) To support one's self; to remain unbent or unbroken; as, to hold up under misfortunes. (b) To cease raining; to cease to stop; as, it holds up. Hudibras. (c) To keep up; not to fall behind; not to lose ground. Collier. Hold Hold (?), n. 1. The act of holding, as in or with the hands or arms; the manner of holding, whether firm or loose; seizure; grasp; clasp; gripe; possession; -- often used with the verbs take and lay. Ne have I not twelve pence within mine hold. Chaucer. Thou should'st lay hold upon him. B. Jonson. My soul took hold on thee. Addison. Take fast hold of instruction. Pror. iv. 13. 2. The authority or ground to take or keep; claim. The law hath yet another hold on you. Shak. 3. Binding power and influence. Fear . . . by which God and his laws take the surest hold of. Tillotson. 4. Something that may be grasped; means of support. If a man be upon an high place without rails or good hold, he is ready to fall. Bacon. 5. A place of confinement; a prison; confinement; custody; guard. They . . . put them in hold unto the next day. Acts. iv. 3. King Richard, he is in the mighty hold Of Bolingbroke. Shak. 6. A place of security; a fortified place; a fort; a castle; -- often called a stronghold. Chaucer. New comers in an ancient hold Tennyson. 7. (Mus.) A character [thus pause, and corona. Holdback Hold"back` (?), n. 1. Check; hindrance; restraint; obstacle. The only holdback is the affection . . . that we bear to our wealth. Hammond. 2. The projection or loop on the thill of a vehicle. to which a strap of the harness is attached, to hold back a carriage when going down hill, or in backing; also, the strap or part of the harness so used. Holder Hold"er, ( n. One who is employed in the hold of a vessel. Holder Hold"er, n. 1. One who, or that which, holds. 2. One who holds land, etc., under another; a tenant. 3. (Com.) The payee of a bill of exchange or a promissory note, or the one who owns or holds it. NOTE: &hand; Ho lder is much used as the second part of a compound; as, shareholder, officeholder, stockholder,etc. Holder-forth Hold"er-forth` (?), n. One who speaks in public; an haranguer; a preacher. Addison. Holdfast Hold"fast` (?), n. 1. Something used to secure and hold in place something else, as a long fiat-headed nail, a catch a hook, a clinch, a clamp, etc.; hence, a support. "His holdfast was gone." Bp. Montagu. 2. (Bot.) A conical or branching body, by which a seaweed is attached to its support, and differing from a root in that it is not specially absorbent of moisture. Holding Hold"ing, n. 1. The act or state of sustaining, grasping, or retaining. 2. A tenure; a farm or other estate held of another. 3. That which holds, binds, or influences. Burke. 4. The burden or chorus of a song. [Obs.] Shak. Holding note (Mus.), a note sustained in one part, while the other parts move. Hole Hole (?), a. Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hole Hole, n. [OE. hol, hole, AS. hol, hole, cavern, from hol, a., hollow; akin to D. hol, OHG. hol, G. hohl, Dan.huul hollow, hul hole, Sw. h\'86l, Icel. hola; prob. from the root of AS. helan to conceal. See Hele, Hell, and cf. Hold of a ship.] 1. A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit; an opening in or through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a perforation; a rent; a fissure. The holes where eyes should be. Shak. The blind walls Were full of chinks and holes. Tennyson. The priest took a chest, and bored a hole in the lid. 2 Kings xii. 9. 2. An excavation in the ground, made by an animal to live in, or a natural cavity inhabited by an animal; hence, a low, narrow, or dark lodging or place; a mean habitation. Dryden. The foxes have holes, . . . but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head. Luke ix. 58. Syn. -- Hollow; concavity; aperture; rent; fissure; crevice; orifice; interstice; perforation; excavation; pit; cave; den; cell. Hole and corner, clandestine, underhand. [Colloq.] "The wretched trickery of hole and corner buffery. " Dickens. -- Hole board (Fancy Weaving), a board having holes through which cords pass which lift certain warp threads; -- called also compass board. _________________________________________________________________ Page 699 Hole Hole (?), v. t. [AS. holian. See Hole, n.] 1. To cut, dig, or bore a hole or holes in; as, to hole a post for the insertion of rails or bars. Chapman. 2. To drive into a hole, as an animal, or a billiard ball. Hole Hole, v. i. To go or get into a hole. B. Jonson. Holethnic Hol*eth"nic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a holethnos or parent race. The holethnic history of the Arians. London Academy. Holethnos Hol*eth"nos (?), n. [Holo + Gr. A parent stock or race of people, not yet divided into separate branches or tribes. Holibut Hol"i*but (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Halibut. Holidam Hol"i*dam (?), n. [Obs.] See Halidom. Holiday Hol"i*day (?), n. [Holy + day.] 1. A consecrated day; religious anniversary; a day set apart in honor of some person, or in commemoration of some event. See Holyday. 2. A day of exemption from labor; a day of amusement and gayety; a festival day. And young and old come forth to play On a sunshine holiday. Milton. 3. (Law) A day fixed by law for suspension of business; a legal holiday. NOTE: &hand; In th e Un ited States legal holidays, so called, are determined by law, commonly by the statutes of the several States. The holidays most generally observed are: the 22d day of February (Washington's birthday), the 30th day of May (Memorial day), the 4th day of July (Independence day), the 25th day of December (Christmas day). In most of the States the 1st day of January is a holiday. When any of these days falls on Sunday, usually the Monday following is observed as the holiday. In many of the States a day in the spring (as Good Friday, or the first Thursday in April), and a day in the fall (as the last Thursday in November) are now regularly appointed by Executive proclamation to be observed, the former as a day of fasting and prayer, the latter as a day of thanksgiving and are kept as holidays. In England, the days of the greater church feasts (designated in the calendar by a red letter, and commonly called red-letter days) are observed as general holidays. Bank holidays are those on which, by act of Parliament, banks may suspend business. Although Sunday is a holiday in the sense of a day when business is legally suspended, it is not usually included in the general term, the phrase "Sundays and holidays" being more common. The holidays, any fixed or usual period for relaxation or festivity; especially, Christmas and New Year's day with the intervening time. Holiday Hol`i*day, a. 1. Of or pertaining to a festival; cheerful; joyous; gay. Shak. 2. Occurring rarely; adapted for a special occasion. Courage is but a holiday kind of virtue, to be seldom exercised. Dryden. Holily Ho"li*ly (?), adv. [From Holy.] 1. Piously; with sanctity; in a holy manner. 2. Sacredly; inviolably. [R.] Shak. Holiness Ho"li*ness, n. [AS. h&amac;lignes.] 1. The state or quality of being holy; perfect moral integrity or purity; freedom from sin; sanctity; innocence. Who is like thee, glorious in holiness! Ex. xv. 11. 2. The state of being hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his worship; sacredness. Israel was holiness unto the Lord. Jer.ii.3. His holiness, a title of the pope; -- formerly given also to Greek bishops and Greek emperors. Syn. -- Piety; devotion; godliness; sanctity; sacredness; righteousness. Holing Hol"ing (?), n. [See Hole a hollow.] (Mining) Undercutting in a bed of coal, in order to bring down the upper mass. Raymond. Holla Hol"la (?), interj. [F. hola; ho ho + l\'85 there, fr. L. illac that way, there. Cf. Hollo.] Hollo. Holla Hol"la, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hollaed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hollaing.] See Hollo, v. i. Holland Hol"land (?), n. A kind of linen first manufactured in Holland; a linen fabric used for window shades, children's garments, etc.; as, brown or unbleached hollands. Hollander Hol"land*er (?), n. 1. A native or one of the people of Holland; a Dutchman. 2. A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown brick, which will not absorb water; -- called also, Dutch clinker. Wagner. Hollandish Hol"land*ish, a. Relating to Holland; Dutch. Hollands Hol"lands (?), n. 1. Gin made in Holland. 2. pl. See Holland. Hollo Hol*lo" (?), interj. & n. [See Halloo, and cf. Holla.] Ho there; stop; attend; hence, a loud cry or a call to attract attention; a halloo. And every day, for food or play, Came to the mariner's hollo. Coleridge. Hollo Hol"lo (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Holloed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Holloing.] [See Hollo, intery., and cf. Halloo.] To call out or exclaim; to halloo. Holloa Hol*loa" (?), interj., n. & v. i. Same as Hollo. Hollow Hol"low (?), a. [OE. holow, holgh, holf, AS. holh a hollow, hole. Cf. Hole.] 1. Having an empty space or cavity, natural or artificial, within a solid substance; not solid; excavated in the interior; as, a hollow tree; a hollow sphere. Hollow with boards shalt thou make it. Ex. xxvii. 8.. 2. Depressed; concave; gaunt; sunken. With hollow eye and wrinkled brow. Shak. 3. Reverberated from a cavity, or resembling such a sound; deep; muffled; as, a hollow roar. Dryden. 4. Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not sound; as, a hollow heart; a hollow friend. Milton. Hollow newel (Arch.), an opening in the center of a winding staircase in place of a newel post, the stairs being supported by the wall; an open newel; also, the stringpiece or rail winding around the well of such a staircase. -- Hollow quoin (Engin.), a pier of stone or brick made behind the lock gates of a canal, and containing a hollow or recess to receive the ends of the gates. -- Hollow root. (Bot.) See Moschatel. -- Hollow square. See Square. -- Hollow ware, hollow vessels; -- a trade name for cast-iron kitchen utensils, earthenware, etc. Syn.- Concave; sunken; low; vacant; empty; void; false; faithless; deceitful; treacherous. Hollow Hol"low (?), n. 1. A cavity, natural or artificial; an unfilled space within anything; a hole, a cavern; an excavation; as the hollow of the hand or of a tree. 2. A low spot surrounded by elevations; a depressed part of a surface; a concavity; a channel. Forests grew Upon the barren hollows. Prior. I hate the dreadful hollow behind the little wood. Tennyson. Hollow Hol"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hollowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hollowing.] To make hollow, as by digging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate. "Trees rudely hollowed." Dryden. Hollow Hol"low, adv. Wholly; completely; utterly; -- chiefly after the verb to beat, and often with all; as, this story beats the other all hollow. See All, adv. [Collog.] The more civilized so-called Caucasian races have beaten the Turks hollow in the struggle for existence. Darwin. Hollow Hol*low" (?), interj. [See Hollo.] Hollo. Hollow Hol"low (?), v. i. To shout; to hollo. Whisperings and hollowings are alike to a deaf ear. Fuller. Hollow Hol"low, v. t. To urge or call by shouting. He has hollowed the hounds. Sir W. Scott. Hollow-hearted Hol"low-heart`ed (?), a. Insincere; deceitful; not sound and true; having a cavity or decayed spot within. Syn. -- Faithless; dishonest; false; treacherous. Hollow-horned Hol"low-horned` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having permanent horns with a bony core, as cattle. Hollowly Hol"low*ly, adv. Insincerely; deceitfully. Shak. Hollowness Hol"low*ness, n. 1. State of being hollow. Bacon. 2. Insincerity; unsoundness; treachery. South. Holly Hol"ly (?), adv. Wholly. [Obs.] Chaucer. Holly Hol"ly (?), n. [OE holi, holin, AS. holen, holegn; akin to D. & G. hulst, OHG. huls hulis, W. celyn, Armor. kelen, Gael. cuilionn, Ir. cuileann. Cf. 1st Holm, Hulver.] 1. (Bot.) A tree or shrub of the genus Ilex. The European species (Ilex Aguifolium) is best known, having glossy green leaves, with a spiny, waved edge, and bearing berries that turn red or yellow about Michaelmas. NOTE: &hand; Th e ho lly is much used to adorn churches and houses, at Christmas time, and hence is associated with scenes of good will and rejoicing. It is an evergreen tree, and has a finegrained, heavy, white wood. Its bark is used as a febrifuge, and the berries are violently purgative and emetic. The American holly is the Ilex opaca, and is found along the coast of the United States, from Maine southward. Gray. 2. (Bot.) The holm oak. See 1st Holm. Holly-leaved oak (Bot.), the black scrub oak. See Scrub oak. -- Holly rose (Bot.), a West Indian shrub, with showy, yellow flowers (Turnera ulmifolia). -- Sea holly (Bot.), a species of Eryngium. See Eryngium. Hollyhock Hol"ly*hock (?), n. [OE. holihoc; holi holy + hoc mallow, AS. hoc; cf. W. hocys mallows, hocys bendigaid hollyhock, lit., blessed mallow. Prob. so named because brought from the Holy Land. See Holy.] (Bot.) A species of Alth\'91a (A. rosea), bearing flowers of various colors; -- called also rose mallow. Holm Holm (?), n. [OE., prob. from AS. holen holly; as the holly is also called holm. See Holly.] (Bot.) A common evergreen oak, of Europe (Quercus Ilex); -- called also ilex, and holly. Holm Holm (?), n. [AS. holm, usually meaning, sea, water; akin to Icel. h&omac;lmr, holmr, an island, Dan. holm, Sw. holme, G. holm, and prob. to E. hill. Cf. Hill.] 1. An islet in a river. J. Brand. 2. Low, flat land. Wordsworth. The soft wind blowing over meadowy holms. Tennyson. Holm thrush (Zo\'94l.), the missel thrush. Holmia Hol"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) An oxide of holmium. Holmium Hol"mi*um (?), n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Chem.) A rare element said to be contained in gadolinite. -- Hol"mic (#), a. Holmos Hol"mos (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek & Etrus. Antiq.) A name given to a vase having a rounded body; esp.: (a) A closed vessel of nearly spherical form on a high stem or pedestal. Fairholt. (b) A drinking cup having a foot and stem. Holo- Hol"o- (?). A combining form fr. Gr. "o`los whole. Holoblast Hol"o*blast (?), n. [Holo + -blast.] (Biol.) an ovum composed entirely of germinal matter. See Meroblast. Holoblastic Hol`o*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Undergoing complete segmentation; composed entirely of germinal matter, the whole of the yolk undergoing fission; -- opposed to meroblastic. Holocaust Hol"o*caust (?), n. [L. holocaustum, Gr. "o'los whole + kaysto`s burnt, fr. kai`ein to burn (cf. Caustic): cf. F. holocauste.] 1. A burnt sacrifice; an offering, the whole of which was consumed by fire, among the Jews and some pagan nations. Milton. 2. Sacrifice or loss of many lives, as by the burning of a theater or a ship. NOTE: [An extended use not authorized by careful writers.] Holocephali Hol`o*ceph"a*li (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. "o`los whole + (Zo\'94l.) An order of elasmobranch fishes, including, among living species, only the chim\'91ras; -- called also Holocephala. See Chim\'91ra; also Illustration in Appendix. Holocryptic Hol`o*cryp"tic (?), a. [Holo-+ Gr. to conceal.] Wholly or completely concealing; incapable of being deciphered. Holocryptic cipher, a cipher so constructed as to afford no clew to its meaning to one ignorant of the key. Holocrystalline Hol`o*crys"tal*line (?), a. [Holo + crystalline.] (Min.) Completely crystalline; -- said of a rock like granite, all the constituents of which are crystalline. <-- hologram. n. a photographic image giving the observer a seemingly three-dimensional view of the represented object. The three-dimensional effect is produced by exposing a photographic recording medium to an interference pattern generated by a coherent beam of light (as from a laser) reflected from the subject, interacting with a beam directly from the source. The full three-dimensional effect requires illumination of the image with coherent light, but less perfect three-dimensional effects may also be observed when the hologram is illuminated with white light. --> Holograph Hol"o*graph (?), n. [L.holographus entirely autograph, Gr. "olo`grafos; "o`los whole + gra`fein to write: cf. F. holographe, olographe.] A document, as a letter, deed, or will, wholly in the handwriting of the person from whom it proceeds and whose act it purports to be. Holographic Hol`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of the nature of a holograph; pertaining to holographs. Holohedral Hol`o*he"dral (?), a. [Holo + Gr. (Crystallog.) Having all the planes required by complete symmetry, -- in opposition to hemihedral. Holohemihedral Hol`o*hem`i*he"dral (?), a. [Holo- + hemihedral.] (Crystallog.) Presenting hemihedral forms, in which all the sectants have halt the whole number of planes. Dana. Holometabola Hol`o*me*tab"o*la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Holo-, and Metabola.] (Zo\'94l.) Those insects which have a complete metamorphosis; metabola. Holometabolic Hol`o*met`a*bol"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a complete metamorphosis;-said of certain insects, as the butterflies and bees. Holometer Ho*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Holo + -meter: cf. F. holometre.] An instrument for making of angular measurements. Holophanerous Hol`o*phan"er*ous (?), a. [Holo + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Holometabolic. Holophotal Hol`o*pho"tal (?), a. [Holo + Gr. (Opt.) Causing no loss of light; -- applied to reflectors which throw back the rays of light without perceptible loss. Holophote Hol"o*phote (?), n. A lamp with lenses or reflectors to collect the rays of light and throw them in a given direction; -- used in lighthouses. Holophrastic Hol`o*phras"tic (?), a. [Holo + Gr. holophrastique.] Expressing a phrase or sentence in a single word, -- as is the case in the aboriginal languages of America. Holophytic Hol`o*phyt"ic (?), a. [Holo + Gr. Wholly or distinctively vegetable. Holophytic nutrition (, that form of nutrition, characteristic of vegetable organisms, in which carbonic acid, ammonia, and nitrates are absorbed as food, in distinction from the animal mode of nutrition, by the ingestion of albuminous matter. Holorhinal Hol`o*rhi"nal (?), a. [Holo + Gr. (Anat.) Having the nasal bones contiguous. Holosiderite Hol`o*sid"er*ite (?), n. [Holo + siderite.] (Min.) Meteoric iron; a meteorite consisting of metallic iron without stony matter. Holostean Ho*los"te*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Holostei. Holostei Ho*los"te*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of ganoids, including the gar pike, bowfin, etc.; the bony ganoids. See Illustration in Appendix. Holosteric Hol`o*ster"ic (?), a. [Holo + Gr.stereo`s solid.] Wholly solid; -- said of a barometer constructed of solid materials to show the variations of atmospheric pressure without the use of liquids, as the aneroid. Holostomata Hol`o*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + sto`ma, -atos, mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) An artificial division of gastropods, including those that have an entire aperture. Holostomate Ho*los"to*mate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Holostomatous. Holostomatous Hol`o*stom"a*tous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having an entire aperture; -- said of many univalve shells. Holostome Hol"o*stome (?), n. [Holo + Gr. sto`ma mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Holostomata. Holostraca Ho*los"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of phyllopod Crustacea, including those that are entirely covered by a bivalve shell. Holothure Hol"o*thure (?), n. [L. holothuria, pl., a sort of water polyp, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A holothurian. Holothurian Hol`o*thu"ri*an (?), a. ( -- n. One of the Holothurioidea. NOTE: &hand; So me of th e sp ecies of Holothurians are called sea cucumbers, sea slugs, trepang, and b\'88che de m\'8ar. Many are used as food, esp. by the Chinese. See Trepang. Holothurioidea Hol`o*thu`ri*oi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Holothure, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the classes of echinoderms. NOTE: They ha ve a mo re or le ss elongated body, often flattened beneath, and a circle of tentacles, which are usually much branched, surrounding the mouth; the skin is more or less flexible, and usually contains calcareous plates of various characteristic forms, sometimes becoming large and scalelike. Most of the species have five bands (ambulacra) of sucker-bearing feet along the sides; in others these are lacking. In one group (Pneumonophora) two branching internal gills are developed; in another (Apneumona) these are wanting. Called also Holothurida, Holothuridea, and Holothuroidea. _________________________________________________________________ Page 700 <-- p. 700 first paragraph, a portion of one starting on p. 699, is moved to the previous file, W600-699. --> Holotricha Ho*lot"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of ciliated Infusoria, having cilia all over the body. Holour Hol"our (?), n. [OF.holier.] A whoremonger. [Obs.] Chaucer. Holp, Holpen Holp (?), Hol"pen (?), imp. & p. p. of Help. [Obs.] Shak. Holsom Hol"som (?), a. Wholesome. [Obs.] Chaucer. Holster Hol"ster (?), n. [D. holster; skin to AS. heolstor den, cave, fr.helan to conceal, and to Icel. hulstr case, Goth.hulistr covering, veil, huljan to cover. &root;17. See Hele to cover, Hell, and cf. Housing, Houss.] A leather case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the bow of his saddle<--, or worn on the person suspended from a belt-->. Holstered Hol"stered (?), a. Bearing holsters. Byron. Holt Holt (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contr. from holdeth. [Obs.] Chaucer. Holt Holt, n. [AS. holt; akin to LG.holt, D.hout, G. holz. Icel. holt; cf Gael. & Ir.coill wood, Gr. 1. A piece of woodland; especially, a woody hill. "Every holt and heath." Chaucer. She sent her voice though all the holt Before her, and the park. Tennyson. 2. A deep hole in a river where there is protection for fish; also, a cover, a hole, or hiding place. " The fox has gone to holt." C. Kingsley. Holwe Hol"we (?), a. Hollow. [Obs.] Chaucer. Holy Ho"ly (?), a. [Compar. Holier (?); superl. Holiest.] [OE. holi, hali, AS.h\'belig, fr. h\'91l health, salvation, happiness, fr. h\'bel whole, well; akin to OS. h, D. & G.heilig, OHG. heilac, Dan. hellig, Sw. helig, Icel. heilagr. See Whole, and cf. Halibut, Halidom, Hallow, Hollyhock.] 1. Set apart to the service or worship of God; hallowed; sacred; reserved from profane or common use; holy vessels; a holy priesthood. "Holy rites and solemn feasts." Milton. 2. Spiritually whole or sound; of unimpaired innocence and virtue; free from sinful affections; pure in heart; godly; pious; irreproachable; guiltless; acceptable to God. Now through her round of holy thought The Church our annual steps has brought. Keble. Holy Alliance (Hist.), a league ostensibly for conserving religion, justice, and peace in Europe, but really for repressing popular tendencies toward constitutional government, entered into by Alexander I. of Russia, Francis I. of Austria, and Frederic William III. of Prussia, at Paris, on the 26th of September, 1815, and subsequently joined by all the sovereigns of Europe, except the pope and the king of England. -- Holy bark. See Cascara sagrada. -- Holy Communion. See Eucharist. -- Holy family (Art), a picture in which the infant Christ, his parents, and others of his family are represented. -- Holy Father, a title of the pope. -- Holy Ghost (Theol.),the third person of the Trinity; the Comforter; the Paraclete. -- Holy Grail. See Grail. -- Holy grass (Bot.), a sweet-scented grass (Hierochloa borealis and H. alpina). In the north of Europe it was formerly strewed before church doors on saints' days; whence the name. It is common in the northern and western parts of the United States. Called also vanilla, OR Seneca, grass. -- Holy Innocents' day, Childermas day. -- Holy Land, Palestine, the birthplace of Christianity. -- Holy office, the Inquisition. -- Holy of holies (Script.), the innermost apartment of the Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept, and where no person entered, except the high priest once a year. -- Holy One. (a) The Supreme Being; -- so called by way of emphasis. " The Holy One of Israel." Is. xliii. 14. (b) One separated to the service of God. -- Holy orders. See Order. -- Holy rood, the cross or crucifix, particularly one placed, in churches. over the entrance to the chancel. -- Holy rope, a plant, the hemp agrimony. -- Holy Saturday (Eccl.), the Saturday immediately preceding the festival of Easter; the vigil of Easter. -- Holy Spirit, same as Holy Ghost (above). -- Holy Spirit plant. See Dove plant. -- Holy thistle (Bot.), the blessed thistle. See under Thistle. -- Holy Thursday. (Eccl.) (a) (Episcopal Ch.) Ascension day. (b) (R. C. Ch.) The Thursday in Holy Week; Maundy Thursday. -- Holy war, a crusade; an expedition carried on by Christians against the Saracens in the Holy Land, in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, for the possession of the holy places. -- Holy water (Gr. & R. C. Churches), water which has been blessed by the priest for sacred purposes. -- Holy-water stoup, the stone stoup or font placed near the entrance of a church, as a receptacle for holy water. -- Holy Week (Eccl.), the week before Easter, in which the passion of our Savior is commemorated. -- Holy writ, the sacred Scriptures. " Word of holy writ." Wordsworth. Holy cross Ho"ly cross" (?; 115). The cross as the symbol of Christ's crucifixion. Congregation of the Holy Cross (R. C. Ch.), a community of lay brothers and priests, in France and the United States, engaged chiefly in teaching and manual Labor. Originally called Brethren of St. Joseph. The Sisters of the Holy Cross engage in similar work. Addis & Arnold. -- Holy-cross day, the fourteenth of September, observed as a church festival, in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's cross. Holyday Ho"ly*day` (?), n. 1. A religious festival. 2. A secular festival; a holiday. NOTE: &hand; Ho liday is the preferable and prevailing spelling in the second sense. The spelling holy day or holyday in often used in the first sense. Holystone Ho"ly*stone` (?), n. (Naut.) A stone used by seamen for scrubbing the decks of ships. Totten. Holystone Ho"ly*stone`, v. t. (Naut.) To scrub with a holystone, as the deck of a vessel. Homacanth Hom"a*canth (?), a. [Homo + Gr. a spine.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the dorsal fin spines symmetrical, and in the same line; -- said of certain fishes. Homage Hom"age (?), n. [OF.homage, homenage, F. hommage, LL. hominaticum, homenaticum, from L. homo a man, LL. also, a client, servant, vassal; akin to L. humus earth, Gr.groom in bridegroom. Cf. Bridegroom, Human.] 1. (Feud. Law) A symbolical acknowledgment made by a feudal tenant to, and in the presence of, his lord, on receiving investiture of fee, or coming to it by succession, that he was his man, or vassal; profession of fealty to a sovereign. 2. Respect or reverential regard; deference; especially, respect paid by external action; obeisance. All things in heaven and earth do her [Law] homage. Hooker. I sought no homage from the race that write. Pope. 3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship; devout affection. Chaucer. Syn. -- Fealty; submission; reverence; honor; respect. -- Homage, Fealty. Homage was originally the act of a feudal tenant by which he declared himself, on his knees, to be the hommage or bondman of the lord; hence the term is used to denote reverential submission or respect. Fealty was originally the fidelity of such a tenant to his lord, and hence the term denotes a faithful and solemn adherence to the obligations we owe to superior power or authority. We pay our homage to men of pre\'89minent usefulness and virtue, and profess our fealty to the principles by which they have been guided. Go, go with homage yon proud victors meet ! Go, lie like dogs beneath your masters' feet ! Dryden. Man, disobeying, Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sins Against the high supremacy of heaven. Milton. Homage Hom"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Homaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Homaging.] [Cf. OF. hommager.] 1. To pay reverence to by external action. [R.] 2. To cause to pay homage. [Obs.] Cowley. Homageable Hom"age*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. hommageable.] Subject to homage. Howell. Homager Hom"a*ger (?), n. [From Homage: cf. F. hommager.] One who does homage, or holds land of another by homage; a vassal. Bacon. Homalographic Hom`a*lo*graph"ic (?), a. Same as Homolographic. Homaloid, Homaloidal Hom"a*loid (?), Hom`a*loid"al (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Geom.) Flat; even; -- a term applied to surfaces and to spaces, whether real or imagined, in which the definitions, axioms, and postulates of Euclid respecting parallel straight lines are assumed to hold true. Homarus Hom"a*rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of decapod Crustacea, including the common lobsters. -- Hom"a*roid (#), a. Homatropine Ho*mat"ro*pine (?), n. [Homo- + atropine.] (Med.) An alkaloid, prepared from atropine, and from other sources. It is chemically related to atropine, and is used for the same purpose. Homaxonial Hom`ax*o"ni*al (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. an axle, axis.] (Biol.) Relating to that kind of homology or symmetry, the mathematical conception of organic form, in which all axes are equal. See under Promorphology. Home Home (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Homelyn. Home Home (110), n. [OE. hom, ham, AS. h\'bem; akin to OS. hem, D. & G. heim, Sw. hem, Dan. hiem, Icel. heimr abode, world, heima home, Goth. haims village, Lith. k\'89mas, and perh. to Gr.hind a peasant; cf. Skr.ksh abode, place of rest, security, kshi to dwell. 1. One's own dwelling place; the house in which one lives; esp., the house in which one lives with his family; the habitual abode of one's family; also, one's birthplace. The disciples went away again to their own home. John xx. 10. Home is the sacred refuge of our life. Dryden. Home! home! sweet, sweet home! There's no place like home. Payne. 2. One's native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the place where one's ancestors dwell or dwelt. "Our old home [England]." Hawthorne. 3. The abiding place of the affections, especially of the domestic affections. He entered in his house -- his home no more, For without hearts there is no home. Byron. 4. The locality where a thing is usually found, or was first found, or where it is naturally abundant; habitat; seat; as, the home of the pine. Her eyes are homes of silent prayer. Tennyson. Flandria, by plenty made the home of war. Prior. 5. A place of refuge and rest; an asylum; as, a home for outcasts; a home for the blind; hence, esp., the grave; the final rest; also, the native and eternal dwelling place of the soul. Man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets. Eccl. xii. 5. 6. (Baseball) The home base; he started for home. At home.(a) At one's own house, or lodgings. (b) In one's own town or country; as, peace abroad and at home. (c) Prepared to receive callers. -- Home department, the department of executive administration, by which the internal affairs of a country are managed. [Eng.] To be at home on any subject, to be conversant or familiar with it. -- To feel at home, to be at one's ease. -- To make one's self at home, to conduct one's self with as much freedom as if at home. Syn. -- Tenement; house; dwelling; abode; domicile. Home Home (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to one's dwelling or country; domestic; not foreign; as home manufactures; home comforts. 2. Close; personal; pointed; as, a home thrust. Home base (Baseball), the base at which the batsman stands and which is the last goal in making a run. -- Home farm, grounds, etc., the farm, grounds, etc., adjacent to the residence of the owner. -- Home lot, an inclosed plot on which the owner's home stands. [U. S.] -- Home rule, rule or government of an appendent or dependent country, as to all local and internal legislation, by means of a governing power vested in the people within the country itself, in contradistinction to a government established by the dominant country; as, home rule in Ireland. Also used adjectively; as, home-rule members of Parliament. -- Home ruler, one who favors or advocates home rule. -- Home run (Baseball), a complete circuit of the bases made before the batted ball is returned to the home base. -- Home stretch (Sport.), that part of a race course between the last curve and the winning post. -- Home thrust, a well directed or effective thrust; one that wounds in a vital part; hence, in controversy, a personal attack. Home Home, adv. 1. To one's home or country; as in the phrases, go home, come home, carry home. 2. Close; closely. How home the charge reaches us, has been made out. South. They come home to men's business and bosoms. Bacon. 3. To the place where it belongs; to the end of a course; to the full length; as, to drive a nail home; to ram a cartridge home. Wear thy good rapier bare and put it home. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Home is often used in the formation of compound words, many of which need no special definition; as, home-brewed, home-built, home-grown, etc. To bring home. See under Bring. -- To come home.(a) To touch or affect personally. See under Come. (b) (Naut.) To drag toward the vessel, instead of holding firm, as the cable is shortened; -- said of an anchor. -- To haul home the sheets of a sail (Naut.), to haul the clews close to the sheave hole. Totten. Homeborn Home"born` (?), a. 1. Native; indigenous; not foreign. Donne. Pope. 2. Of or pertaining to the home or family. Fireside enjoyments, homeborn happiness. Cowper. Home-bound Home"-bound` (?), a. Kept at home. Home-bred Home"-bred` (?), a. 1. Bred at home; domestic; not foreign. " Home-bred mischief." Milton. Benignity and home-bred sense. Wordsworth. 2. Not polished; rude; uncultivated. Only to me home-bred youths belong. Dryden. Home-coming Home-com`ing (?), n. Return home. Kepeth this child, al be it foul or fayr, And eek my wyf, unto myn hoom-cominge. Chaucer. Home-driven Home"-driv`en (?), a. Driven to the end, as a nail; driven close. Home-dwelling Home"-dwell`ing (?), a. Keeping at home. Home-felt Home"-felt` (?), a. Felt in one's own breast; inward; private. "Home-felt quiet. Pope. Homefield Home"field` (?), n. Afield adjacent to its owner's home. Hawthorne. Home-keeping Home"-keep`ing (?), a. Staying at home; not gadding. Home-keeping youth have ever homely wits. Shak. Home-keeping Home"-keep`ing, n. A staying at home. Homeless Home"less, a. [AS.h\'bemleas.] Destitute of a home. -- Home"less*ness, n. Homelike Home"like` (?), a. Like a home; comfortable; cheerful; cozy; friendly. Homelily Home"li*ly (?), adv. Plainly; inelegantly. [R.] Homeliness Home"li*ness, n. [From Homely.] 1. Domesticity; care of home. [Obs.] "Wifely homeliness." Chaucer. 2. Familiarity; intimacy. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. Plainness; want of elegance or beauty. 4. Coarseness; simplicity; want of refinement; as, the homeliness of manners, or language. Addison. Homeling Home"ling (?), n. A person or thing belonging to a home or to a particular country; a native; as, a word which is a homeling. Trench. Homely Home"ly, a. [Compar. Homelier (?); superl. Homeliest.] [From Home, n.] 1. Belonging to, or having the characteristics of, home; domestic; familiar; intimate. [Archaic] With all these men I was right homely, and communed with, them long and oft. Foxe. Their homely joys, and destiny obscure. Gray. 2. Plain; unpretending; rude in appearance; unpolished; as, a homely garment; a homely house; homely fare; homely manners. Now Strephon daily entertains His Chloe in the homeliest strains. Pope. 3. Of plain or coarse features; uncomely; -- contrary to handsome. None so homely but loves a looking-glass. South. Homely Home"ly, adv. Plainly; rudely; coarsely; as, homely dressed. [R.] Spenser. Homelyn Home"lyn (?), n. [Scot. hommelin.] (Zo\'94l) The European sand ray (Raia maculata); -- called also home, mirror ray, and rough ray. Homemade Home"made` (?), a. Made at home; of domestic manufacture; made either in a private family or in one's own country. Locke. Homeopath Ho"me*o*path (?), n. [Cf. F. hom\'82opathe.] A practitioner of homeopathy. [Written also homoeopath.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 701 Homeopathic Ho`me*o*path"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hom\'82opathique.] Of or pertaining to homeopathy; according to the principles of homeopathy. [Also hom\'d2pathic.] Homeopathically Ho`me*o*path"ic*al*ly (?), adv. According to the practice of homeopathy. [Also hom\'d2pathically.] Homeopathist Ho`me*op"a*thist (?), n. A believer in, or practitioner of, homeopathy. [Written also hom\'d2pathist.] Homeopathy Ho*me*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. Same) + hom\'82opathie. See Pathos.] (Med.) The art of curing, founded on resemblances; the theory and its practice that disease is cured (tuto, cito, et jucunde) by remedies which produce on a healthy person effects similar to the symptoms of the complaint under which the patient suffers, the remedies being usually administered in minute doses. This system was founded by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, and is opposed to allopathy, or heteropathy. [Written also hom\'d2pathy.] Homer Hom"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A carrier pigeon remarkable for its ability to return home from a distance. Homer Ho"mer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Hoemother. Homer Ho"mer, n. [Heb. kh\'d3mer.] A Hebrew measure containing, as a liquid measure, ten baths, equivalent to fifty-five gallons, two quarts, one pint; and, as a dry measure, ten ephahs, equivalent to six bushels, two pecks, four quarts. [Written also chomer, gomer.] Homeric Ho*mer"ic (?), a. [L. Homericus, Gr. Of or pertaining to Homer, the most famous of Greek poets; resembling the poetry of Homer. Homeric verse, hexameter verse; -- so called because used by Homer in his epics. Homesick Home"sick` (?), a. Pining for home; in a nostalgic condition. -- Home"sick`ness, n. Home-speaking Home"-speak`ing (?), n. Direct, forcible, and effective speaking. Milton. Homespun Home"spun (?), a. 1. Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture; coarse; plain. "Homespun country garbs." W. Irving. 2. Plain in manner or style; not elegant; rude; coarse. "Our homespun English proverb." Dryden. "Our homespun authors." Addison. Homespun Home"spun, n. 1. Cloth made at home; as, he was dressed in homespun. 2. An unpolished, rustic person. [Obs.] Shak. Homestall Home"stall` (?), n. [AS. h\'bemsteall.] Place of a home; homestead. Cowper. Homestead Home"stead (?), n. [AS. h\'bemstede.] 1. The home place; a home and the inclosure or ground immediately connected with it. Dryden. 2. The home or seat of a family; place of origin. We can trace them back to a homestead on the Rivers Volga and Ural. W. Tooke. 3. (Law) The home and appurtenant land and buildings owned by the head of a family, and occupied by him and his family. Homestead law. (a) A law conferring special privileges or exemptions upon owners of homesteads; esp., a law exempting a homestead from attachment or sale under execution for general debts. Such laws, with limitations as to the extent or value of the property, exist in most of the States. Called also homestead exemption law. (b) Also, a designation of an Act of Congress authorizing and regulating the sale of public lands, in parcels of 160 acres each, to actual settlers. [U.S.] Homesteader Home"stead*er (?), n. One who has entered upon a portion of the public land with the purpose of acquiring ownership of it under provisions of the homestead law, so called; one who has acquired a homestead in this manner. [Local, U.S.] Homeward Home"ward (?), a. Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way. Homeward, Homewards Home"ward (?), Home"wards (?), adv. [AS. h\'bemweard.] Toward home; in the direction of one's house, town, or country. Homeward bound, bound for home; going homeward; as, the homeward bound fleet. Homicidal Hom"i*ci`dal (?), a. Pertaining to homicide; tending to homicide; murderous. Homicide Hom"i*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L. homicidium, fr. homicida a man slayer; homo man + caedere to cut, kill. See Homage, and cf. Concise, Shed, v. t.] 1. The killing of one human being by another. NOTE: &hand; Ho micide is of three kinds: justifiable, as when the killing is performed in the exercise of a right or performance of a duty; excusable, as when done, although not as duty or right, yet without culpable or criminal intent; and felonious, or involving what the law terms malice; the latter may be either manslaughter or murder. Bouvier. 2. One who kills another; a manslayer. Chaucer. Shak. Homiform Hom"i*form (?), a. [L. homo man + -form.] In human form. [Obs.] Cudworth. Homilete Hom"i*lete (?), n. A homilist. Homiletic, Homiletical Hom`i*let"ic (?), Hom`i*let"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. homil\'82tique. See Homily.] 1. Of or pertaining to familiar intercourse; social; affable; conversable; companionable. [R.] His virtues active, chiefly, and homiletical, not those lazy, sullen ones of the cloister. Atterbury. 2. Of or pertaining to homiletics; hortatory. Homiletics Hom`i*let"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. homil\'82tique.] The art of preaching; that branch of theology which treats of homilies or sermons, and the best method of preparing and delivering them. Homilist Hom"i*list (?), n. One who prepares homilies; one who preaches to a congregation. Homilite Hom"i*lite (?), n. [From Gr. (Min.) A borosilicate of iron and lime, near datolite in form and composition. Homily Hom"i*ly (?), n.; pl. Homilies (#). [LL. homilia, Gr. hom\'82lie. See Same.] 1. A discourse or sermon read or pronounced to an audience; a serious discourse. Shak. 2. A serious or tedious exhortation in private on some moral point, or on the conduct of life. As I have heard my father Deal out in his long homilies. Byron. Book of Homilies. A collection of authorized, printed sermons, to be read by ministers in churches, esp. one issued in the time of Edward VI., and a second, issued in the reign of Elizabeth; -- both books being certified to contain a "godly and wholesome doctrine." Homing Hom"ing (?), a. Home-returning; -- used specifically of carrier pigeons. Hominy Hom"i*ny (?), n. [From North American Indian auh\'a3minea parched corn.] Maize hulled and broken, and prepared for food by being boiled in water. [U.S.] [Written also homony.] Homish Hom"ish (?), a. Like a home or a home circle. Quiet, cheerful, homish hospital life. E. E. Hale. Hommock Hom"mock (?), n. A small eminence of a conical form, of land or of ice; a knoll; a hillock. See Hummock. Bartram. Hommocky Hom"mock*y (?), a. Filled with hommocks; piled in the form of hommocks; -- said of ice. Homo- Ho"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. "omo`s, one and the same, common, joint. Homocategoric Ho`mo*cat`e*gor"ic (?), a. [Homo- + categoric.] (Biol.) Belonging to the same category of individuality; -- a morphological term applied to organisms so related. Homocentric Ho`mo*cen"tric (?), a. [Gr. homocentrique.] Having the same center. Homocercal Ho`mo*cer"cal (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the tail nearly or quite symmetrical, the vertebral column terminating near its base; -- opposed to heterocercal. Homocercy Ho"mo*cer`cy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The possession of a homocercal tail. Homocerebrin Ho`mo*cer`e*brin (?), n. [Homo- + rebrin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body similar to, or identical with, cerebrin. Homochromous Ho`mo*chro"mous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having all the florets in the same flower head of the same color. Homodemic Ho`mo*dem"ic (?), a. [Homo- + 1st deme, 2.] (Biol.) A morphological term signifying development, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same unit deme or unit of the inferior orders of individuality. Homodermic Ho`mo*der"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homodermy; originating from the same germ layer. Homodermy Ho"mo*der`my (?), n. [Homo- + -derm.] (Biol.) Homology of the germinal layers. Homodont Hom"o*dont (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. (Anat.) Having all the teeth similar in front, as in the porpoises; -- opposed to heterodont. Homodromal, Homodromous Ho*mod"ro*mal (?), Ho*mod"ro*mous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. 1. (Bot.) Running in the same direction; -- said of stems twining round a support, or of the spiral succession of leaves on stems and their branches. 2. (Mech.) Moving in the same direction; -- said of a lever or pulley in which the resistance and the actuating force are both on the same side of the fulcrum or axis. Homodynamic Ho`mo*dy*nam"ic (?), a. Homodynamous. Quain. Homodynamous Ho`mo*dy"na*mous (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or involving, homodynamy; as, successive or homodynamous parts in plants and animals. Homodynamy Ho`mo*dy"na*my (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The homology of metameres. See Metamere. Gegenbaur. Hom\'d2omeria Ho`m\'d2*o*me"ri*a (?), n. [L., from Gr. The state or quality of being homogeneous in elements or first principles; likeness or identity of parts. Hom\'d2omeric, Hom\'d2omerical Ho`m\'d2*o*mer"ic (?), Ho`m\'d2*o*mer"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, sameness of parts; receiving or advocating the doctrine of homogeneity of elements or first principles. Hom\'d2omerous Ho`m\'d2*om"er*ous (?), a. (Anat.) Having the main artery of the leg parallel with the sciatic nerve; -- said of certain birds. Hom\'d2omery Ho`m\'d2*om"e*ry (?), n. [Gr. -metry.] Same as Hom\'d2omeria. [Obs.] Cudworth. Hom\'d2omorphism Ho`m\'d2*o*mor"phism (?), n. [See Hom\'d2omorphous.] A near similarity of crystalline forms between unlike chemical compounds. See Isomorphism. Hom\'d2omorphous Ho`m\'d2*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. Manifesting hom\'d2omorphism. Hom\'d2opathic, a., Hom\'d2opathist, n., Hom\'d2opathy Ho`m\'d2*o*path"ic, a., Ho`m\'d2*op"a*thist, n., Ho`m\'d2*op"a*thy, n. Same as Homeopathic, Homeopathist, Homeopathy. Hom\'d2othermal Ho`m\'d2*o*ther"mal (?), a. See Homoiothermal. Hom\'d2ozoic Ho`m\'d2*o*zo"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or including, similar forms or kinds of life; as, hom\'d2ozoic belts on the earth's surface. E. Forbes. Homogamous Ho*mog"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having all the flowers alike; -- said of such composite plants as Eupatorium, and the thistels. Homogamy Ho*mog"a*my (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being homogamous. Homogangliate Ho`mo*gan"gli*ate (?), a. [Homo- + gangliate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the ganglia of the nervous system symmetrically arranged, as in certain invertebrates; -- opposed to heterogangliate. Homogene Ho"mo*gene (?), a. [Cf. F. homog\'8ane.] Homogeneous. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Homogeneal Ho`mo*ge"ne*al (?), a. Homogeneous. Homogenealness Ho`mo*ge"ne*al*ness, n. Homogeneousness. Homogeneity Ho`mo*ge*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. homog\'82n\'82it\'82.] Same as Homogeneousness. Homogeneous Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Gr. homog\'8ane. See Same, and Kin.] 1. Of the same kind of nature; consisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature; -- opposed to heterogeneous; as, homogeneous particles, elements, or principles; homogeneous bodies. 2. (Alg.) Possessing the same number of factors of a given kind; as, a homogeneous polynomial. Homogeneousness Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous*ness, n. Sameness 9kind or nature; uniformity of structure or material. Homogenesis Ho`mo*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Homo- + genesis.] (Biol.) That method of reproduction in which the successive generations are alike, the offspring, either animal or plant, running through the same cycle of existence as the parent; gamogenesis; -- opposed to heterogenesis. Homogenetic Ho`mo*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Homogenous; -- applied to that class of homologies which arise from similarity of structure, and which are taken as evidences of common ancestry. Homogenous Ho*mog"e*nous (?), a. (Biol.) Having a resemblance in structure, due to descent from a common progenitor with subsequent modification; homogenetic; -- applied both to animals and plants. See Homoplastic. Homogeny Ho*mog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. 1. Joint nature. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. (Biol.) The correspondence of common descent; -- a term used to supersede homology by Lankester, who also used homoplasy to denote any superinduced correspondence of position and structure in parts embryonically distinct (other writers using the term homoplasmy). Thus, there is homogeny between the fore limb of a mammal and the wing of a bird; but the right and left ventricles of the heart in both are only in homoplasy with each other, these having arisen independently since the divergence of both groups from a univentricular ancestor. Homogonous Ho*mog"o*nous, a. [Gr. Homogeneous.] (Bot.) Having all the flowers of a plant alike in respect to the stamens and pistils. Homogony Ho*mog"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of having homogonous flowers. Homograph Hom"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. "omo`grafos with the same letters; "omo`s the same + gra`fein to write.] (Philol.) One of two or more words identical in orthography, but having different derivations and meanings; as, fair, n., a market, and fair, a., beautiful. Homographic Ho`mo*graph"ic (?), a. 1. Employing a single and separate character to represent each sound; -- said of certain methods of spelling words. 2. (Geom.) Possessing the property of homography. Homography Ho*mog"ra*phy (?), n. 1. That method of spelling in which every sound is represented by a single character, which indicates that sound and no other. 2. (Geom.) A relation between two figures, such that to any point of the one corresponds one and but one point in the other, and vise versa. Thus, a tangent line rolling on a circle cuts two fixed tangents of the circle in two sets of points that are homographic. Homoioptoton Ho*moi`op*to"ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure in which the several parts of a sentence end with the same case, or inflection generally. Homoiothermal Ho*moi`o*ther"mal (?), a. [Gr. thermal.] (Physiol.) Maintaining a uniform temperature; h\'91matothermal; homothermic; -- applied to warm-bodied animals, because they maintain a nearly uniform temperature in spite of the great variations in the surrounding air; in distinct from the cold-blooded (poikilothermal) animals, whose body temperature follows the variations in temperature of the surrounding medium. Homoiousian Ho`moi*ou"si*an (?), n. [Gr. "o`moios + o'ysi`a the substance, being, essence.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of the semi-Arians of the 4th century, who held that the Son was of like, but not the same, essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to homoousian. Homoiousian Ho`moi*ou"si*an, a. Of or pertaining to Homoiousians, or their belief. Homologate Ho*mol"o*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Homologated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Homologating.] [LL. homologatus, p.p. of homologare to homologate; Gr. Homologous.] (Civ. Law) To approve; to allow; to confirm; as, the court homologates a proceeding. Wheaton. Homologation Ho*mol`o*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. homologation.] (Civ. & Scots Law) Confirmation or ratification (as of something otherwise null and void), by a court or a grantor. Homological Ho`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to homology; having a structural affinity proceeding from, or base upon, that kind of relation termed homology. -- Ho`mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Homologinic Ho*mol`o*gin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, homology; as, homologinic qualities, or differences. Homologize Ho*mol"o*gize (?), v. t. (Biol.) To determine the homologies or structural relations of. Homologon Ho*mol"o*gon (?), n. [NL.] See Homologue. Homologoumena Hom`o*lo*gou"me*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Homologous.] Those books of the New Testament which were acknowledged as canonical by the early church; -- distinguished from antilegomena. Homologous Ho*mol"o*gous (?), a. [Gr. Having the same relative position, proportion, value, or structure. Especially: (a) (Geom.) Corresponding in relative position and proportion. In similar polygons, the corresponding sides, angles, diagonals, etc., are homologous. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ). (b) (Alg.) Having the same relative proportion or value, as the two antecedents or the two consequents of a proportion. (c) (Chem.) Characterized by homology; belonging to the same type or series; corresponding in composition and properties. See Homology, 3. (d) (Biol.) Being of the same typical structure; having like relations to a fundamental type to structure; as, those bones in the hand of man and the fore foot of a horse are homologous that correspond in their structural relations, that is, in thier relations to the type structure of the fore limb in vertebrates. Homologous stimulus. (Physiol.) See under Stimulus. _________________________________________________________________ Page 702 Homolographic Hom`o*lo*graph"ic (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. graph + -ic; but cf. F. homalographique, Gr. Preserving the mutual relations of parts, especially as to size and form; maintaining relative proportion. Homolographic projection, a method of constructing geographical charts or maps, so that the surfaces, as delineated on a plane, have the same relative size as the real surfaces; that is, so that the relative actual areas of the different countries are accurately represented by the corresponding portions of the map. Homologue Hom"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F. homologue. See Homologous.] That which is homologous to something else; as, the corresponding sides, etc., of similar polygons are the homologues of each other; the members or terms of an homologous series in chemistry are the homologues of each other; one of the bones in the hand of man is the homologue of that in the paddle of a whale. Homology Ho*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Homologous.] 1. The quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; as, the homologyof similar polygons. 2. (Biol.) Correspondence or relation in type of structure in contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man; or that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these organs being modifications of one type of structure. NOTE: &hand; Homology indicates genetic relationship, and according to Haeckel special homology should be defined in terms of identity of embryonic origin. See Homotypy, and Homogeny. 3. (Chem.) The correspondence or resemblance of substances belonging to the same type or series; a similarity of composition varying by a small, regular difference, and usually attended by a regular variation in physical properties; as, there is an homology between methane, CH4, ethane, C2H6, propane, C3H8, etc., all members of the paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the relation between chemical elements of the same group; as, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to be in homology with each other. Cf. Heterology. General homology (Biol.), the higher relation which a series of parts, or a single part, bears to the fundamental or general type on which the group is constituted. Owen. -- Serial homology (Biol.), representative or repetitive relation in the segments of the same organism, -- as in the lobster, where the parts follow each other in a straight line or series. Owen. See Homotypy. -- Special homology (Biol.), the correspondence of a part or organ with those of a different animal, as determined by relative position and connection. Owen. Homomallous Ho*mom"al*lous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. (Bot.) Uniformly bending or curving to one side; -- said of leaves which grow on several sides of a stem. Homomorphic, Homomorphous Ho`mo*mor"phic (?), Ho`mo*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. Characterized by homomorphism. Homomorphism Ho`mo*mor"phism (?), n. [See Homomorphous.] 1. (Biol.) Same as Homomorphy. 2. (Bot.) The possession, in one species of plants, of only one kind of flowers; -- opposed to heteromorphism, dimorphism, and trimorphism. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The possession of but one kind of larv\'91 or young, as in most insects. <-- 4. (Math) A special type of mapping of one mathematical set into or onto another set . . . --> Homomorphy Ho"mo*mor`phy (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.) Similarity of form; resemblance in external characters, while widely different in fundamental structure; resemblance in geometric ground form. See Homophyly, Promorphology. Homonomous Ho*mon"o*mous (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to homonomy. Homonomy Ho*mon"o*my (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.) The homology of parts arranged on transverse axes. Haeckel. Homonym Hom"o*nym (?), n. [Cf. F. homonyme. See Homonymous.] A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning; as the noun bear and the verb bear. [Written also homonyme.] Homonymous Ho*mon"y*mous (?), a. [L. homonymus, Gr. name.] 1. Having the same name or designation; standing in the same relation; -- opposed to heteronymous. 2. Having the same name or designation, but different meaning or relation; hence, equivocal; ambiguous. Homonymously Ho*mon"y*mous*ly, adv. 1. In an homonymous manner; so as to have the same name or relation. 2. Equivocally; ambiguously. Homonymy Ho*mon"y*my (?), n. [Gr. homonymie.] 1. Sameness of name or designation; identity in relations. Holland. Homonymy may be as well in place as in persons. Fuller. 2. Sameness of name or designation of things or persons which are different; ambiguity. Homo\'94rgan Ho`mo*\'94r"gan (?). [Homo- + organ.] Same as Homoplast. Homoousian Ho`mo*ou"si*an (?), n. [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.) One of those, in the 4th century, who accepted the Nicene creed, and maintained that the Son had the same essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to homoiousian. Homoousian Ho`mo*ou"si*an, a. Of or pertaining to the Homoousians, or to the doctrines they held. Homophone Hom"o*phone (?), n. [Cf. F. homophone. See Homophonous.] 1. A letter or character which expresses a like sound with another. Gliddon. 2. A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning and usually in spelling; as, all and awl; bare and bear; rite, write, right, and wright. Homophonic, Homophonous Ho`mo*phon"ic (?), Ho*moph"o*nous (?), a. [Gr. homophone.] 1. (Mus.) (a) Originally, sounding alike; of the same pitch; unisonous; monodic. (b) Now used for plain harmony, note against note, as opposed to polyphonic harmony, in which the several parts move independently, each with its own melody. 2. Expressing the same sound by a different combination of letters; as, bay and bey. Homophony Ho*moph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. homophonie.] 1. Sameness of sound. 2. (Mus.) (a) Sameness of sound; unison. (b) Plain harmony, as opposed to polyphony. See Homophonous. Homophylic Ho`mo*phyl"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homophily. Homophyly Ho*moph"y*ly (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.) That form of homology due to common ancestry (phylogenetic homology), in opposition to homomorphy, to which genealogic basis is wanting. Haeckel. Homoplasmy Ho"mo*plas`my (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.) Resemblance between different plants or animals, in external shape, in general habit, or in organs, which is not due to descent from a common ancestor, but to similar surrounding circumstances. Homoplast Hom"o*plast (?), n. (Biol.) One of the plastids composing the idorgan of Haeckel; -- also called homo\'94rgan. Homoplastic Ho`mo*plas"tic (?), a. [Homo- + plastic.] Of or pertaining to homoplasty; as, homoplasticorgans; homoplastic forms. Homoplasty Ho"mo*plas`ty (?), n. [Homo- + plasty.] (Biol.) The formation of homologous tissues. Homoplasy Ho*mop"la*sy (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.) See Homogeny. Homopolic Ho`mo*pol"ic (?), a. [Homo- + pole.] (Biol.) In promorphology, pertaining to or exhibiting that kind of organic form, in which the stereometric ground form is a pyramid, with similar poles. See Promorphology. Homopter Ho*mop"ter (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Homoptera. Homoptera Ho*mop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Hemiptera, in which both pairs of wings are similar in texture, and do not overlap when folded, as in the cicada. See Hemiptera. Homopteran Ho*mop"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An homopter. Homopterous Ho*mop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Homoptera. Homostyled Ho"mo*styled (?), a. [Homo- + style.] (Bot.) Having only one form of pistils; -- said of the flowers of some plants. Darwin. Homosystemic Ho`mo*sys*tem"ic (?), a. [Homo- + systemic.] (Biol.) Developing, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same embryonic systems into which the secondary unit (gastrula or plant enbryo) differentiates. Homotaxia Ho`mo*tax"i*a (?), n. [NL.] Same as Homotaxis. Homotaxial, Homotaxic Ho`mo*tax"i*al (?), Ho`mo*tax"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homotaxis. Homotaxis Ho`mo*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) Similarly in arrangement of parts; -- the opposite of heterotaxy. Homotaxy Ho"mo*tax`y (?), n. Same as Homotaxis. Homothermic, Homothermous Ho`mo*ther"mic (?), Ho`mo*ther"mous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. (Physiol.) Warm-blooded; homoiothermal; h\'91matothermal. Homotonous Ho*mot"o*nous (?), a. [L. homotonus, Gr. Of the same tenor or tone; equable; without variation. Homotropal, Homotropous Ho*mot"ro*pal (?), Ho*mot"ro*pous (?), a. [Gr. homotrope.] 1. Turned in the same direction with something else. 2. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the seed directed towards the hilum. Homotypal Ho"mo*ty`pal (?), a. (Biol.) Of the same type of structure; pertaining to a homotype; as, homotypal parts. Homotype Hom"o*type (?), n. [Homo- + -type.] (Biol.) That which has the same fundamental type of structure with something else; thus, the right arm is the homotype of the right leg; one arm is the homotype of the other, etc. Owen. Homotypic, Homotypical Ho`mo*typ"ic (?), Ho`mo*typ"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Same as Homotypal. Homotypy Ho"mo*ty`py (?), n. [See Homotype.] (Biol.) A term suggested by Haeckel to be instead of serial homology. See Homotype. Homunculus Ho*mun"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Homunculi (#). [L., dim. of homo man.] A little man; a dwarf; a manikin. Sterne. Hond Hond (?), n. Hand. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hone Hone (?), v. i. [Etymology uncertain. &root;37.] To pine; to lament; to long. Lamb. Hone Hone, n. [Cf. Icel. h a knob.] A kind of swelling in the cheek. Hone Hone, n. [AS. h\'ben; akin to Icel. hein, OSw. hen; cf. Skr. \'87\'be, also \'87\'d3, \'87i, to sharpen, and E. cone. &root;38, 228.] A stone of a fine grit, or a slab, as of metal, covered with an abrading substance or powder, used for sharpening cutting instruments, and especially for setting razors; an oilstone. Tusser. Hone slateSee Polishing slate. -- Hone stone, one of several kinds of stone used for hones. See Novaculite. Hone Hone, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Honed (?); p]. pr. & vb. n. Honing.] To sharpen on, or with, a hone; to rub on a hone in order to sharpen; as, to hone a razor. Honest Hon"est (?), a. [OE. honest, onest, OF. honeste, oneste, F. honn\'88te, L. honestus, fr. honos, honor, honor. See Honor.] 1. Decent; honorable; suitable; becoming. Chaucer. Belong what honest clothes you send forth to bleaching! Shak. 2. Characterized by integrity or fairness and straightas, an honest judge or merchant; an honest statement; an honest bargain; an honest business; an honest book; an honest confession. An honest man's the noblest work of God. Pope. An honest physician leaves his patient when he can contribute no farther to his health. Sir W. Temple. Look ye out among you seven men of honest report. Acts vi. 3. Provide things honest in the sight of all men. Rom. xii. 17. 3. Open; frank; as, an honest countenance. 4. Chaste; faithfuk; virtuous. Wives may be merry, and yet honest too. Shak. Syn. -- Upright; ingenuous; honorable; trusty; faithful; equitable; fair; just; rightful; sincere; frank; candid; genuine. Honest Hon"est, v. t. [L. honestare to clothe or adorn with honor: cf. F. honester. See Honest, a.] To adorn; to grace; to honor; to make becoming, appropriate, or honorable. [Obs.] Abp. Sandys. Honestation Hon`es*ta"tion (?), n. The act of honesting; grace; adornment. [Obs.] W. Montagu. Honestetee Ho*nes"te*tee (?), n. Honesty; honorableness. [Obs.] Chaucer. Honestly Hon"est*ly (?), adv. 1. Honorably; becomingly; decently. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. In an honest manner; as, a contract honestly made; to live honestly; to speak honestly. Shak. To come honestly by. (a) To get honestly. (b) A circumlocution for to inherit; as, to come honestly by a feature, a mental trait, a peculiarity. Honesty Hon"es*ty (?), n. [OE. honeste, oneste, honor, OF. honest\'82, onest\'82 (cf. F. honn\'88tet\'82), L. honestas. See Honest, a.] 1. Honor; honorableness; dignity; propriety; suitableness; decency. [Obs.] Chaucer. She derives her honesty and achieves her goodness. Shak. 2. The quality or state of being honest; probity; fairness and straightforwardness of conduct, speech, etc.; integrity; sincerity; truthfulness; freedom from fraud or guile. That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. 1 Tim. ii. 2. 3. Chastity; modesty. Chaucer. To lay . . . siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife. Shak. 4. (Bot.) Satin flower; the name of two cruciferous herbs having large flat pods, the round shining partitions of which are more beautiful than the blossom; -- called also lunary and moonwort. Lunaria biennis is common honesty; L. rediva is perennial honesty. Syn. -- Integrity; probity; uprightness; trustiness; faithfulness; honor; justice; equity; fairness; candor; plain-dealing; veracity; sincerity. Honewort Hone"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant of the genus Sison (S.Amomum); -- so called because used to cure a swelling called a hone. Honey Hon"ey (?), n. [OE. honi, huni, AS. hunig; akin to OS. honeg, D. & G. honig, OHG. honag, honang, Icel. hunang, Sw. h\'86ning, Dan. honning, cf. Gr. kaa grain.] 1. A sweet viscid fluid, esp. that collected by bees from flowers of plants, and deposited in the cells of the honeycomb. 2. That which is sweet or pleasant, like honey. The honey of his language. Shak. 3. Sweet one; -- a term of endearment. Chaucer. Honey, you shall be well desired in Cyprus. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ho ney is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound; as, honeydew or honey dew; honey guide or honeyguide; honey locust or honey-locust. Honey ant (Zo\'94l.), a small ant (Myrmecocystus melliger), found in the Southwestern United States, and in Mexico, living in subterranean formicares. There are larger and smaller ordinary workers, and others, which serve as receptacles or cells for the storage of honey, their abdomens becoming distended to the size of a currant. These, in times of scarcity, regurgitate the honey and feed the rest. -- Honey badger (Zo\'94l.), the ratel. -- Honey bear. (Zo\'94l.) See Kinkajou. -- Honey buzzard (Zo\'94l.), a bird related to the kites, of the genus Pernis. The European species is P. apivorus; the Indian or crested honey buzzard is P. ptilorhyncha. They feed upon honey and the larv\'91 of bees. Called also bee hawk, bee kite. -- Honey creeper (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of small, bright, colored, passerine birds of the family C\'d2rebid\'91, abundant in Central and South America. -- Honey easter (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of small passerine birds of the family Meliphagid\'91, abundant in Australia and Oceania; -- called also honeysucker. -- Honey flower (Bot.), an evergreen shrub of the genus Melianthus, a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The flowers yield much honey. -- Honey guide (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of small birds of the family Indicatorid\'91, inhabiting Africa and the East Indies. They have the habit of leading persons to the nests to wild bees. Called also honeybird, and indicator. -- Honey harvest, the gathering of honey from hives, or the honey which is gathered. Dryden. -- Honey kite. (Zo\'94l.) See Honey buzzard (above). -- Honey locust (Bot.), a North American tree (Gleditschia triacanthos), armed with thorns, and having long pods with a sweet pulp between the seeds. -- Honey month. Same as Honeymoon. -- Honey weasel (Zo\'94l.), the ratel. _________________________________________________________________ Page 703 Honey Hon"ey (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Honeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Honeying.] To be gentle, agreeable, or coaxing; to talk fondly; to use endearments; also, to be or become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn. "Honeying and making love." Shak. Rough to common men, But honey at the whisper of a lord. Tennyson. Honey Hon"ey, v. t. To make agreeable; to cover or sweeten with, or as with, honey. Canst thou not honey me with fluent speech? Marston. Honey-bag Hon"ey-bag` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The receptacle for honey in a honeybee. Shak. Grew. Honeybee Hon"ey*bee` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bee of the genus Apis, which lives in communities and collects honey, esp. the common domesticated hive bee (Apis mellifica), the Italian bee (A. ligustica), and the Arabiab bee (A. fasciata). The two latter are by many entomologists considered only varieties of the common hive bee. Each swarm of bees consists of a large number of workers (barren females), with, ordinarily, one queen or fertile female, but in the swarming season several young queens, and a number of males or drones, are produced. Honeybird Hon"ey*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The honey guide. Honeycomb Hon"ey*comb` (?), n. [AS. hunigcamb. See Honey, and 1st Comb.] 1. A mass of hexagonal waxen cells, formed by bees, and used by them to hold their honey and their eggs. 2. Any substance, as a easting of iron, a piece of worm-eaten wood, or of triple, etc., perforated with cells like a honeycomb. Honeycomb moth (Zo\'94l.), the wax moth. -- Honeycomb stomach. (Anat.) See Reticulum. Honeycombed Hon"ey*combed` (?), a. Formed or perforated like a honeycomb. Each bastion was honeycombed with casements. Motley. Honeydew Hon"ey*dew` (?), n. 1. A sweet, saccharine substance, found on the leaves of trees and other plants in small drops, like dew. Two substances have been called by this name; one exuded from the plants, and the other secreted by certain insects, esp. aphids. 2. A kind of tobacco moistened with molasses. Honeyed Hon"eyed (?), a. 1. Covered with honey. 2. Sweet, as, honeyed words. Milton. Honeyless Hon"ey*less (?), a. Destitute of honey. Shak. Honeymoon Hon"ey*moon` (?), n. The first month after marriage. Addison. Honey-mouthed Hon"ey-mouthed` (?), a. Soft to sweet in speech; persuasive. Shak. Honeystone Hon"ey*stone` (?), n. See Mellite. Honeysucker Hon"ey*suck`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Honey eater, under Honey. Honeysuckle Hon"ey*suc`kle (?), n. [Cf. AS. hunis privet. See Honey, and Suck.] (Bot.) One of several species of flowering plants, much admired for their beauty, and some for their fragrance. NOTE: &hand; Th e ho neysuckles ar e pr operly species of the genus Lonicera; as, L. Caprifolium, and L. Japonica, the commonly cultivated fragrant kinds; L. Periclymenum, the fragrant woodbine of England; L. grata, the American woodbine, and L. sempervirens, the red-flowered trumpet honeysuckle. The European fly honeysuckle is L. Xylosteum; the American, L. ciliata. The American Pinxter flower (Azalea nudiflora) is often called honeysuckle, or false honeysuckle. The name Australian honeysuckle is applied to one or more trees of the genus Banksia. See French honeysuckle, under French. Honeysuckled Hon"ey*suc`kled (?), a. Covered with honeysuckles. Honey-sweet Hon"ey-sweet` (?), a. Sweet as honey. Chaucer. Honey-tongued Hon"ey-tongued` (?), a. Sweet speaking; persuasive; seductive. Shak. Honeyware Hon"ey*ware` (?), n. (Bot.) See Badderlocks. Honeywort Hon"ey*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European plant of the genus Cerinthe, whose flowers are very attractive to bees. Loudon. Hong Hong (?), n. [Chinese hang, Canton dialect hong, a mercantile house, factory.] A mercantile establishment or factory for foreign trade in China, as formerly at Canton; a succession of offices connected by a common passage and used for business or storage. Hong merchant, one of the few Chinese merchants who, previous to the treaty of 1842, formed a guild which had the exclusive privilege of trading with foreigners. Hong Hong (?), v. t. & i. To hang. [Obs.] Chaucer. Honied Hon"ied (?), a. See Honeyed. Honiton lace Hon"i*ton lace` (?). A kind of pillow lace, remarkable for the beauty of its figures; -- so called because chiefly made in Honiton, England. Honk Honk (?), n. [Of imitative origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The cry of a wild goose. -- Honk"ing, n. Honor Hon"or (?), n. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.] [Written also honour.] 1. Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country. Matt. xiii. 57. 2. That which rightfully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration; self-respect; dignity; courage; fidelity; especially, excellence of character; high moral worth; virtue; nobleness; specif., in men, integrity; uprightness; trustworthness; in women, purity; chastity. If she have forgot Honor and virtue. Shak. Godlike erect, with native honor clad. Milton. 3. A nice sense of what is right, just, and true, with course of life correspondent thereto; strict conformity to the duty imposed by conscience, position, or privilege. Say, what is honor? 'T is the finest sense Of justice which the human mind can frame, Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim, And guard the way of life from all offense Suffered or done. Wordsworth. I could not love thee, dear, so much, Loved I not honor more. Lovelace. 4. That to which esteem or consideration is paid; distinguished position; high rank. "Restored me to my honors." Shak. I have given thee . . . both riches, and honor. 1 Kings iii. 13. Thou art clothed with honor and majesty. Ps. civ. 1. 5. Fame; reputation; credit. Some in theiractions do woo, and affect honor and reputation. Bacon. If my honor is meant anything distinct from conscience, 't is no more than a regard to the censure and esteem of the world. Rogers. 6. A token of esteem paid to worth; a mark of respect; a ceremonial sign of consideration; as, he wore an honor on his breast; military honors; civil honors. "Their funeral honors." Dryden. 7. A cause of respect and fame; a glory; an excellency; an ornament; as, he is an honor to his nation. 8. A title applied to the holders of certain honorable civil offices, or to persons of rank; as, His Honor the Mayor. See Note under Honorable. 9. (Feud. Law) A seigniory or lordship held of the king, on which other lordships and manors depended. Cowell. 10. pl. Academic or university prizes or distinctions; as, honors in classics. 11. pl. (Whist) The ace, king, queen, and jack of trumps. The ten and nine are sometimes called Dutch honors. R. A. Proctor. Affair of honor, a dispute to be decided by a duel, or the duel itself. -- Court of honor, a court or tribunal to investigate and decide questions relating to points of honor; as a court of chivalry, or a military court to investigate acts or omissions which are unofficerlike or ungentlemanly in their nature. -- Debt of honor, a debt contracted by a verbal promise, or by betting or gambling, considered more binding than if recoverable by law. -- Honor bright! An assurance of truth or fidelity. [Colloq.] -- Honor court (Feudal Law), one held in an honor or seignory. -- Honor point. (Her.) See Escutcheon. -- Honors of war (Mil.), distinctions granted to a vanquished enemy, as of marching out from a camp or town armed, and with colors flying. -- Law, OR Code, of honor, certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among persons of fashion, and which are founded on a regard to reputation. Paley. -- Maid of honor, a lady of rank, whose duty it is to attend the queen when she appears in public.<-- Bride's principle attendant at a wedding --> -- On one's honor, on the pledge of one's honor; as, the members of the House of Lords in Great Britain, are not under oath, but give their statements or verdicts on their honor. -- Point of honor, a scruple or nice distinction in matters affecting one's honor; as, he raised a point of honor. -- To do the honors, to bestow honor, as on a guest; to act as host or hostess at an entertainment. "To do the honors and to give the word." Pope. -- To do one honor, to confer distinction upon one. -- To have the honor, to have the privilege or distinction. -- Word of honor, an engagement confirmed by a pledge of honor. Honor Hon"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Honored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Honoring.] [OE. honouren, onouren, OF. honorer, honourer, F. honorer, fr. L. honorare, fr. honor, n.] 1. To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or respect; to revere; to treat with deference and submission; when used of the Supreme Being, to reverence; to adore; to worship. Honor thy father and thy mother. Ex. xx. 12. That all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. John v. 23. It is a custom More honor'd in the breach than the observance. Shak. 2. To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice; to bestow honor upon; to elevate in rank or station; to ennoble; to exalt; to glorify; hence, to do something to honor; to treat in a complimentary manner or with civility. Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighten to honor. Esther vi. 9. The name of Cassius honors this corruption. Shak. 3. (Com.) To accept and pay when due; as, to honora bill of exchange. Honorable Hon"or*a*ble (?), a. [F. honorable, L. honorabilis.] 1. Worthy of honor; fit to be esteemed or regarded; estimable; illustrious. Thy name and honorable family. Shak. 2. High-minded; actuated by principles of honor, or a scrupulous regard to probity, rectitude, or reputation. 3. Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause, or directed to a just and proper end; not base; irreproachable; fair; as, an honorable motive. Is this proceeding just and honorable? Shak. 4. Conferring honor, or produced by noble deeds. Honorable wounds from battle brought. Dryden. 5. Worthy of respect; regarded with esteem; to be commended; consistent with honor or rectitude. Marriage is honorable in all. Heb. xiii. 4. 6. Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with testimonies of esteem; an honorable burial. 7. Of reputable association or use; respectable. Let her descend: my chambers are honorable. Shak. 8. An epithet of respect or distinction; as, the honorable Senate; the honorable gentleman. NOTE: &hand; Ho norable is a title of quality, conferred by English usage upon the younger children of earls and all the children of viscounts and barons. The maids of honor, lords of session, and the supreme judges of England and Ireland are entitled to the prefix. In American usage, it is a title of courtesy merely, bestowed upon those who hold, or have held, any of the higher public offices, esp. governors, judges, members of Congress or of the Senate, mayors. Right honorable. See under Right. Honorableness Hon"or*a*ble*ness, n. 1. The state of being honorable; eminence; distinction. 2. Conformity to the principles of honor, probity, or moral rectitude; fairness; uprightness; reputableness. Honorably Hon"or*a*bly (?), adv. 1. In an honorable manner; in a manner showing, or consistent with, honor. The reverend abbot . . . honorably received him. Shak. Why did I not more honorably starve? Dryden. 2. Decently; becomingly. [Obs.] "Do this message honorably." Shak. Syn. -- Magnanimously; generously; nobly; worthily; justly; equitably; fairly; reputably. Honorarium, Honorary Hon`o*ra"ri*um (?), Hon"or*a*ry (?), n. [L. honorarium (sc. donum), fr. honorarius. See Honorary, a.] 1. A fee offered to professional men for their services; as, an honorarium of one thousand dollars. S. Longfellow. 2. (Law) An honorary payment, usually in recognition of services for which it is not usual or not lawful to assign a fixed business price. Heumann. Honorary Hon"or*a*ry, a. [L. honorarius, fr. honor honor: cf. F. honoraire.] 1. Done as a sign or evidence of honor; as, honorary services. Macaulay. 2. Conferring honor, or intended merely to confer honor without emolument; as, an honorary degree. "Honorary arches." Addison. 3. Holding a title or place without rendering service or receiving reward; as, an honorary member of a society. Honorer Hon"or*er (?), n. One who honors. Honorific Hon`or*if"ic (?), a. [See Honor, -fy, and -ic.] Conferring honor; tending to honor. London. Spectator. Honorless Hon"or*less (?), a. Destitute of honor; not honored. Bp. Warburton. Hont Hont (?), n. & v. See under Hunt. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hoo Hoo (?), interj. 1. See Ho. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Hurrah! -- an exclamation of triumphant joy. Shak. -hood -hood (?). [OE. hod, had, hed, hede, etc., person, rank, order, condition, AS. h\'bed; akin to OS. h\'c7d, OHG. heit, G. -heit, D. -heid, Goth. haidus manner; cf. Skr. k\'c7tu brightness, cit to appear, be noticeable, notice. &root;217. Cf. -head.] A termination denoting state, condition, quality, character, totality, as in manhood, childhood, knighthood, brotherhood. Sometimes it is written, chiefly in obsolete words, in the form -head. Hood Hood (?), n. [OE. hood, hod, AS. h\'d3d; akin to D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG. huot, also to E. hat, and prob. to E. heed. &root;13.] 1. State; condition. [Obs.] How could thou ween, through that disguised hood To hide thy state from being understood? Spenser. 2. A covering or garment for the head or the head and shoulders, often attached to the body garment; especially: (a) A soft covering for the head, worn by women, which leaves only the face exposed. (b) A part of a monk's outer garment, with which he covers his head; a cowl. "All hoods make not monks." Shak. (c) A like appendage to a cloak or loose overcoat, that may be drawn up over the head at pleasure. (d) An ornamental fold at the back of an academic gown or ecclesiastical vestment; as, a master's hood. (e) A covering for a horse's head. (f) (Falconry) A covering for a hawk's head and eyes. See Illust. of Falcon. 3. Anything resembling a hood in form or use; as: (a) The top or head of a carriage. (b) A chimney top, often contrived to secure a constant draught by turning with the wind. (c) A projecting cover above a hearth, forming the upper part of the fireplace, and confining the smoke to the flue. (d) The top of a pump. (e) (Ord.) A covering for a mortar. (f) (Bot.) The hood-shaped upper petal of some flowers, as of monkshood; -- called also helmet. Gray. (g) (Naut.) A covering or porch for a companion hatch. 4. (Shipbuilding) The endmost plank of a strake which reaches the stem or stern. _________________________________________________________________ Page 704 Hood Hood (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooding.] 1. To cover with a hood; to furnish with a hood or hood-shaped appendage. The friar hooded, and the monarch crowned. Pope. 2. To cover; to hide; to blind. While grace is saying, I'll hood mine eyes Thus with my hat, and sigh and say, "Amen." Shak. Hooding end (Shipbuilding), the end of a hood where it enters the rabbet in the stem post or stern post. Hoodcap Hood"cap`, n. See Hooded seal, under Hooded. Hooded Hood"ed, a. 1. Covered with a hood. 2. Furnished with a hood or something like a hood. 3. Hood-shaped; esp. (Bot.), rolled up like a cornet of paper; cuculate, as the spethe of the Indian turnip. 4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the head conspicuously different in color from the rest of the plumage; -- said of birds. (b) Having a hoodlike crest or prominence on the head or neck; as, the hooded seal; a hooded snake. Hooded crow, a European crow (Corvus cornix); -- called also hoody, dun crow, and royston crow. -- Hooded gull, the European black-headed pewit or gull. -- Hooded merganser. See Merganser. -- Hooded seal, a large North Atlantic seal (Cystophora cristata). The male has a large, inflatible, hoodlike sac upon the head. Called also hoodcap. -- Hooded sheldrake, the hooded merganser. See Merganser. -- Hooded snake. See Cobra de capello, Asp, Haje, etc. -- Hooded warbler, a small American warbler (Sylvania mitrata). Hoodless Hood"less, a. Having no hood. Hoodlum Hood"lum (?), n. A young rowdy; a rough, lawless fellow. [Colloq. U.S.] Hoodman Hood"man (?), n. The person blindfolded in the game called hoodman-blind. [Obs.] Shak. Hoodman-blind Hood"man-blind` (?), n. An old term for blindman's buff. Shak. Hood molding Hood moulding Hood" mold`ing Hood" mould`ing (?). (Arch.) A projecting molding over the head of an arch, forming the outermost member of the archivolt; -- called also hood mold. Hoodoo Hoo"doo (?), n. [Perh. a var. of voodoo.] One who causes bad luck. [Colloq.] Hoodwink Hood"wink (?), v. t. [Hood + wink.] 1. To blind by covering the eyes. We will blind and hoodwink him. Shak. 2. To cover; to hide. [Obs.] Shak. 3. To deceive by false appearance; to impose upon. "Hoodwinked with kindness." Sir P. Sidney. Hoody Hood"y (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The hooded crow; also, in Scotland, the hooded gull. Hoof Hoof (?), n.; pl. Hoofs (#), very rarely Hooves (#). [OE. hof, AS. h\'d3f; akin to D. hoef, G1huf, OHG. huof, Icel. h\'d3fr, Sw. hof, Dan. hov; cf. Russ. kopuito, Skr. \'87apha. &root;225.] 1. The horny substance or case that covers or terminates the feet of certain animals, as horses, oxen, etc. On burnished hooves his war horse trode. Tennyson. 2. A hoofed animal; a beast. Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not a hoof be left behind. Ex. x. 26. 3. (Geom.) See Ungula. Hoof Hoof, v. i. 1. To walk as cattle. [R.] William Scott. 2. To be on a tramp; to foot. [Slang, U.S.] To hoof it, to foot it. Hoofbound Hoof"bound` (?), a. (Far.) Having a dry and contracted hoof, which occasions pain and lameness. Hoofed Hoofed (?), a. Furnished with hoofs. Grew. Hoofless Hoof"less (?), a. Destitute of hoofs. Hook Hook (?), n. [OE. hok, AS. h\'d3c; cf. D. haak, G. hake, haken, OHG. h\'beko, h\'bego, h\'beggo, Icel. haki, Sw. hake, Dan. hage. Cf. Arquebuse, Hagbut, Hake, Hatch a half door, Heckle.] 1. A piece of metal, or other hard material, formed or bent into a curve or at an angle, for catching, holding, or sustaining anything; as, a hook for catching fish; a hook for fastening a gate; a boat hook, etc. 2. That part of a hinge which is fixed to a post, and on which a door or gate hangs and turns. 3. An implement for cutting grass or grain; a sickle; an instrument for cutting or lopping; a billhook. Like slashing Bentley with his desperate hook. Pope. 4. (Steam Engin.) See Eccentric, and V-hook. 5. A snare; a trap. [R.] Shak. 6. A field sown two years in succession. [Prov. Eng.] 7. pl. The projecting points of the thigh bones of cattle; -- called also hook bones. By hook or by crook, one way or other; by any means, direct or indirect. Milton. "In hope her to attain by hook or crook." Spenser. -- Off the hooks, unhinged; disturbed; disordered. [Colloq.] "In the evening, by water, to the Duke of Albemarle, whom I found mightly off the hooks that the ships are not gone out of the river." Pepys.<-- = out of joint --> -- On one's own hook, on one's own account or responsibility; by one's self. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett. -- To go off the hooks, to die. [Colloq.] Thackeray. -- Bid hook, a small boat hook. -- Chain hook. See under Chain. -- Deck hook, a horizontal knee or frame, in the bow of a ship, on which the forward part of the deck rests. -- Hook and eye, one of the small wire hooks and loops for fastening together the opposite edges of a garment, etc. -- Hook bill (Zo\'94l.), the strongly curved beak of a bird. -- Hook ladder, a ladder with hooks at the end by which it can be suspended, as from the top of a wall. -- Hook motion (Steam Engin.), a valve gear which is reversed by V hooks. -- Hook squid, any squid which has the arms furnished with hooks, instead of suckers, as in the genera Enoploteuthis and Onychteuthis. -- Hook wrench, a wrench or spanner, having a hook at the end, instead of a jaw, for turning a bolthead, nut, or coupling. Hook Hook, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooking.] 1. To catch or fasten with a hook or hooks; to seize, capture, or hold, as with a hook, esp. with a disguised or baited hook; hence, to secure by allurement or artifice; to entrap; to catch; as, to hook a dress; to hook a trout. Hook him, my poor dear, . . . at any sacrifice. W. Collins. 2. To seize or pierce with the points of the horns, as cattle in attacking enemies; to gore. 3. To steal. [Colloq. Eng. & U.S.] To hook on, to fasten or attach by, or as by, hook. Hook Hook (?), v. i. To bend; to curve as a hook. Hookah Hook"ah (?), n. [Per. or Ar. huqqa a round box or casket, a bottle through which the fumes pass when smoking tobacco.] A pipe with a long, flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke is cooled by being made to pass through water.<-- see hubble-bubble; also water pipe --> Hook-billed Hook"-billed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a strongly curved bill. Hooked Hooked (?), a. 1. Having the form of a hookl curvated; as, the hooked bill of a bird. 2. Provided with a hook or hooks. "The hooked chariot." Milton. Hookedness Hook"ed*ness (?), n. The state of being bent like a hook; incurvation. Hooker Hook"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, hooks. 2. (Naut.) (a) A Dutch vessel with two masts. (b) A fishing boat with one mast, used on the coast of Ireland. (c) A sailor's contemptuous term for any antiquated craft. Hooke's gearing Hooke's" gear"ing (?). [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) Spur gearing having teeth slanting across the face of the wheel, sometimes slanting in opposite directions from the middle. Hooke's joint Hooke's joint (?). [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) A universal joint. See under Universal. Hookey Hook"ey (?), n. See Hockey. Hooklet Hook"let (?), n. A little hook. Hook-nosed Hook"-nosed` (?), a. Having a hooked or aquiline nose. Shak. Hooky Hook"y (?), a. Full of hooks; pertaining to hooks. Hool Hool (?), a. Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hoolock Hoo"lock (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small black gibbon (Hylobates hoolock), found in the mountains of Assam. Hoom Hoom (?), n. Home. Chaucer. Hoonoomaun Hoo"noo*maun (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Indian monkey. See Entellus. [Written also hoonuman.] Hoop Hoop (?), n. [OE. hope; akin to D. hoep, hoepel.] 1. A pliant strip of wood or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc. 2. A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese. 3. A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or other elastic material, used for expanding the skirts of ladies' dresses; crinoline; -- used chiefly in the plural. Though stiff with hoops, and armed with ribs of whale. Pope. 4. A quart pot; -- so called because originally bound with hoops, like a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents measured by the distance between the hoops. [Obs.] 5. An old measure of capacity, variously estimated at from one to four pecks. [Eng.] Halliwell. Bulge hoop, Chine hoop, Quarter hoop, the hoop nearest the middle of a cask, that nearest the end, and the intermediate hoop between these two, respectively. -- Flat hoop, a wooden hoop dressed flat on both sides. -- Half-round hoop, a wooden hoop left rounding and undressed on the outside. -- Hoop iron, iron in thin narrow strips, used for making hoops. -- Hoop lock, the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden hoops by notching and interlocking them. -- Hoop skirt, a framework of hoops for expanding the skirts of a woman's dress; -- called also hoop petticoat. -- Hoop snake (Zo\'94l.), a harmless snake of the Southern United States (Abaster erythrogrammus); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it curves itself into a hoop, taking its tail into its mouth, and rolls along with great velocity. -- Hoop tree (Bot.), a small West Indian tree (Melia sempervirens), of the Mahogany family. Hoop Hoop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooping.] 1. To bind or fasten with hoops; as, to hoop a barrel or puncheon. 2. To clasp; to encircle; to surround. Shak. Hoop Hoop (?), v. i. [OE. houpen; cf. F. houper to hoop, to shout; -- a hunting term, prob. fr. houp, an interj. used in calling. Cf. Whoop.] 1. To utter a loud cry, or a sound imitative of the word, by way of call or pursuit; to shout. [Usually written whoop.] 2. To whoop, as in whooping cough. See Whoop. Hooping cough. (Med.) See Whooping cough. Hoop Hoop, v. t. [Written also whoop.] 1. To drive or follow with a shout. "To be hooped out of Rome." Shak. 2. To call by a shout or peculiar cry. Hoop Hoop, n. 1. A shout; a whoop, as in whooping cough. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The hoopoe. See Hoopoe. Hooper Hoop"er (?), n. [See 1st Hoop.] One who hoops casks or tubs; a cooper. Hooper Hoop"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) [So called from its note.] The European whistling, or wild, swan (Olor cygnus); -- called also hooper swan, whooping swan, and elk. Hoopoe, Hoopoo Hoop"oe (?), Hoop"oo (?), n. [So called from its cry; cf. L. upupa, Gr. hop, F. huppe; cf. also G. wiedenhopf, OHG. wituhopfo, lit., wood hopper.] (Zo\'94l.) A European bird of the genus Upupa (U. epops), having a beautiful crest, which it can erect or depress at pleasure. Called also hoop, whoop. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus and allied genera. <-- Hoops. n. The game of basketball [Slang]. Hoopster. n. Basketball player. [Slang] --> Hoosier Hoo"sier (?), n. A nickname given to an inhabitant of the State of Indiana. [U.S.] Hoot Hoot (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hooting.] [OE. hoten, houten, huten; cf. OSw. huta, Sw. huta ut to take one up sharply, fr. Sw. hut interj., begone! cf. also W. hwt off! off with it! away! hoot!] 1. To cry out or shout in contempt. Matrons and girls shall hoot at thee no more. Dryden. 2. To make the peculiar cry of an owl. The clamorous owl that nightly hoots. Shak. Hoot Hoot, v. t. To assail with contemptuous cries or shouts; to follow with derisive shouts. Partridge and his clan may hoot me for a cheat. Swift. Hoot Hoot, n. 1. A derisive cry or shout. Glanvill. 2. The cry of an owl. Hoot owl (Zo\'94l.), the barred owl (Syrnium nebulosum). See Barred owl. Hoove Hoove (?), n. [Allied to heave, hove.] A disease in cattle consisting in inflammation of the stomach by gas, ordinarily caused by eating too much green food; tympany; bloating. Hooven, Hoven Hoov"en (?), Ho"ven (?), a. Affected with hoove; as, hooven, or hoven, cattle. Hop Hop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hopping (?).] [OE. hoppen to hop, leap, dance, AS. hoppian; akin to Icel. & Sw. hoppa, Dan. hoppe, D. huppelen, G. h\'81pfen.] 1. To move by successive leaps, as toads do; to spring or jump on one foot; to skip, as birds do. [Birds] hopping from spray to spray. Dryden. 2. To walk lame; to limp; to halt. Dryden. 3. To dance. Smollett. Hop Hop, n. 1. A leap on one leg, as of a boy; a leap, as of a toad; a jump; a spring. 2. A dance; esp., an informal dance of ball. [Colloq.] Hop, skip (OR step), and jump, a game or athletic sport in which the participants cover as much ground as possible by a hop, stride, and jump in succession. <-- just a hop, skip, and a jump away = nearby --> Addison. Hop Hop, n. [OE. hoppe; akin to D. hop, hoppe, OHG. hopfo, G. hopfen; cf. LL. hupa, W. hopez, Armor. houpez, and Icel. humall, SW. & Dan. humle.] 1. (Bot.) A climbing plant (Humulus Lupulus), having a long, twining, annual stalk. It is cultivated for its fruit (hops). 2. The catkin or strobilaceous fruit of the hop, much used in brewing to give a bitter taste. 3. The fruit of the dog-rose. See Hip. Hop back. (Brewing) See under 1st Back. -- Hop clover (Bot.), a species of yellow clover having heads like hops in miniature (Trifolium agrarium, and T. procumbens). -- Hop flea (Zo\'94l.), a small flea beetle (Haltica concinna), very injurious to hops. -- Hop fly (Zo\'94l.), an aphid (Phorodon humuli), very injurious to hop vines. -- Hop froth fly (Zo\'94l.), an hemipterous insect (Aphrophora interrupta), allied to the cockoo spits. It often does great damage to hop vines. -- Hop hornbeam (Bot.), an American tree of the genus Ostrya (O.Virginica) the American ironwood; also, a European species (O. vulgaris). -- Hop moth (Zo\'94l.), a moth (Hypena humuli), which in the larval state is very injurious to hop vines. -- Hop picker, one who picks hops. -- Hop pole, a pole used to support hop vines. -- Hop tree (Bot.), a small American tree (Ptelia trifoliata), having broad, flattened fruit in large clusters, sometimes used as a substitute for hops. -- Hop vine (Bot.), the climbing vine or stalk of the hop. Hop Hop, v. t. To impregnate with hops. Mortimer. Hop Hop, v. i. To gather hops. [Perhaps only in the form Hopping, vb. n.] Hopbine, Hopbind Hop"bine` (?), Hop"bind` (?), n. The climbing stem of the hop. Blackstone. Hope Hope (?), n. [Cf. Icel. h\'d3p a small bay or inlet.] 1. A sloping plain between mountain ridges. [Obs.] 2. A small bay; an inlet; a haven. [Scot.] Jamieson. Hope Hope, n. [AS., akin to D. hoop, hope, Sw. hopp, Dan. haab, MHG. hoffe. Hope in forlorn hope is different word. See Forlorn hope, under Forlorn.] 1. A desire of some good, accompanied with an expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable; an expectation of something which is thought to be desirable; confidence; pleasing expectancy. The hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job vii. 13. He wished, but not with hope. Milton. New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven. Keble. 2. One who, or that which, gives hope, furnishes ground of expectation, or promises desired good. The Lord will be the hope of his people. Joel iii. 16. A young gentleman of great hopes, whose love of learning was highly commendable. Macaulay. 3. That which is hoped for; an object of hope. Lavina is thine elder brother's hope. Shak. Hope Hope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoping.] [AS. hopian; akin to D. hopen, Sw. hopp, Dan. haabe, G. hoffen. See 2nd Hope.] 1. To entertain or indulge hope; to cherish a desire of good, or of something welcome, with expectation of obtaining it or belief that it is obtainable; to expect; -- usually followed by for. "Hope for good success." Jer. Taylor. But I will hope continually. Ps. lxxi. 14. 2. To place confidence; to trust with confident expectation of good; -- usually followed by in. "I hope in thy word." Ps. cxix. 81. Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? Hope thou in God. Ps. xlii. 11. _________________________________________________________________ Page 705 Hope Hope (?), v. t. 1. To desire with expectation or with belief in the possibility or prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing desirable, with the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of. We hope no other from your majesty. Shak. [Charity] hopeth all things. 1 Cor. xiii. 7. 2. To expect; to fear. [Obs.] "I hope he will be dead." Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Ho pe is of ten us ed co lloquially re garding uncertainties, with no reference to the future. "I hope she takes me to be flesh and blood." Mrs. Centlivre. Hopeful Hope"ful (?), a. 1. Full of hope, or agreeable expectation; inclined to hope; expectant. Men of their own natural inclination hopeful and strongly conceited. Hooker. 2. Having qualities which excite hope; affording promise of good or of success; as, a hopeful youth; a hopeful prospect. "Hopeful scholars." Addison. -- Hope"ful*ly, adv. -- Hope"ful*ness, n. Hopeite Hope"ite (?), n. [Named after Professor Hope, of Edinburgh.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of zinc in transparent prismatic crystals. Hopeless Hope"less, a. 1. Destitute of hope; having no expectation of good; despairing. I am a woman, friendless, hopeless. Shak. 2. Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate; as, a hopeless cause. The hopelessword of "never to return" Breathe I against thee, upon pain of life. Shak. 3. Unhoped for; despaired of. [Obs.] Marston. -- Hope"less*ly, adv. -- Hope"less*ness, n. Hoper Hop"er (?), n. One who hopes. Swift. Hopingly Hop"ing*ly, adv. In a hopeful manner. Hammond. Hoplite Hop"lite (?), n. [Gr. hoplite.] (Gr. Antiq.) A heavy-armed infantry soldier. Milford. Hop-o'-my-thumb, Hop-thumb Hop"-o'-my-thumb" (?), Hop"-thumb", n. A very diminutive person. [Colloq.] liwell. Hopped Hopped (?), p. a. Impregnated with hops. Hopper Hop"per (?), n. [See 1st Hop.] 1. One who, or that which, hops. 2. A chute, box, or receptacle, usually funnel-shaped with an opening at the lower part, for delivering or feeding any material, as to a machine; as, the wooden box with its trough through which grain passes into a mill by joining or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel passes into a furnace, or coal, etc., into a car. 3. (Mus.) See Grasshopper, 2. 4. pl. A game. See Hopscotch. Johnson. 5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) See Grasshopper, and Frog hopper, Grape hopper, Leaf hopper, Tree hopper, under Frog, Grape, Leaf, and Tree. (b) The larva of a cheese fly. 6. (Naut.) A vessel for carrying waste, garbage, etc., out to sea, so constructed as to discharge its load by a mechanical contrivance; -- called also dumping scow. Bell and hopper (Metal.), the apparatus at the top of a blast furnace, through which the charge is introduced, while the gases are retained. -- Hopper boy, a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread meal for drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor, through which it falls. -- Hopper closet, a water-closet, without a movable pan, in which the receptacle is a funnel standing on a draintrap. -- Hopper cock, a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a water-closet. Hopperings Hop"per*ings (?), n. (Gold Washing) Gravel retaining in the hopper of a cradle. Hoppestere Hop`pes*tere" (?), a. An unexplained epithet used by Chaucer in reference to ships. By some it is defined as "dancing (on the wave)"; by others as "opposing," "warlike." T. R. Lounsbury. Hoppet Hop"pet (?), n. 1. A hand basket; also, a dish used by miners for measuring ore. [Prov. Eng.] 2. An infant in arms. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Hopping Hop"ping (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, hops; a jumping, frisking, or dancing. Hopping Dick (Zo\'94l.), a thrush of Jamaica (Merula leucogenys), resembling the English blackbird in its familiar manners, agreeable song, and dark plumage. Hopping Hop"ping, n. [See 3rd Hop.] A gathering of hops. Hopple Hop"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoppled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoppling (?).] [From Hop; cf. Hobble.] 1. To impede by a hopple; to tie the feet of (a horse or a cow) loosely together; to hamper; to hobble; as, to hopple an unruly or straying horse. 2. Fig.: To entangle; to hamper. Dr. H. More. Hopple Hop"ple, n. A fetter for horses, or cattle, when turned out to graze; -- chiefly used in the plural. Hopplebush Hop"ple*bush` (?), n. Same as Hobblebush. Hoppo Hop"po (?), n. (a) A collector of customs, as at Canton; an overseer of commerce. (b) A tribunal or commission having charge of the revenue derived from trade and navigation. [China] Hoppo men, Chinese customhouse officers. Hopscotch Hop"scotch` (?), n. A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the ground; -- called also hoppers. Hop-thumb Hop"-thumb` (?), n. See Hop-o'-my-thumb. Hopyard Hop"yard` (?), n. A field where hops are raised. Horal Ho"ral (?), a. [L. horalis, fr. hora hour. See Hour.] Of or pertaining to an hour, or to hours. Prior. Horaly Ho"ra*ly (?), adv. Hourly. [Obs.] Horary Ho"ra*ry (?), a. [LL. horarius, fr. L. hora hour: cf. F. horaire. See Hour.] 1. Of or pertaining to an hour; noting the hours. Spectator. 2. Occurring once an hour; continuing an hour; hourly; ephemeral. Horary, or soon decaying, fruits of summer. Sir T. Browne. Horary circles. See Circles. Horatian Ho*ra"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet, or resembling his style. Horde Horde (?), n. [F. horde (cf. G. horde), fr. Turk. ord, ord\'c6, camp; of Tartar origin.] A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude. Thomson. Hordeic Hor*de"ic (?), a. [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, barley; as, hordeic acid, an acid identical or isomeric with lauric acid. Hordein Hor"de*in (?), n. [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.) A peculiar starchy matter contained in barley. It is complex mixture. [R.] Hordeolum Hor*de"o*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hordeolus, dim. of hordeum barley.] (Med.) A small tumor upon the eyelid, resembling a grain of barley; a sty. Hordock Hor"dock` (?), n. An unidentified plant mentioned by Shakespeare, perhaps equivalent to burdock. Hore Hore (?), a. Hoar. [Obs.] Chaucer. Horehound Hore"hound` (?), n. [OE. horehune, AS. h\'berhune; h\'ber hoar, gray + hune horehound; cf. L. cunila a species of organum, GR. kn to smell.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Marrubium (M. vulgare), which has a bitter taste, and is a weak tonic, used as a household remedy for colds, coughing, etc. [Written also hoarhound.] Fetid horehound, OR Black horehound, a disagreeable plant resembling horehound (Ballota nigra). -- Water horehound, a species of the genus Lycopus, resembling mint, but not aromatic. Horizon Ho*ri"zon (?), n. [F., fr. L. horizon, fr. Gr. 1. The circle which bounds that part of the earth's surface visible to a spectator from a given point; the apparent junction of the earth and sky. And when the morning sun shall raise his car Above the border of this horizon. Shak. All the horizon round Invested with bright rays. Milton. 2. (Astron.) (a) A plane passing through the eye of the spectator and at right angles to the vertical at a given place; a plane tangent to the earth's surface at that place; called distinctively the sensible horizon. (b) A plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a place, and passing through the earth's center; -- called also rational OR celestial horizon. (c) (Naut.) The unbroken line separating sky and water, as seen by an eye at a given elevation, no land being visible. 3. (Geol.) The epoch or time during which a deposit was made. The strata all over the earth, which were formed at the same time, are said to belong to the same geological horizon. Le Conte. 4. (Painting) The chief horizontal line in a picture of any sort, which determines in the picture the height of the eye of the spectator; in an extended landscape, the representation of the natural horizon corresponds with this line. Apparent horizon. See under Apparent. -- Artificial horizon, a level mirror, as the surface of mercury in a shallow vessel, or a plane reflector adjusted to the true level artificially; -- used chiefly with the sextant for observing the double altitude of a celestial body. -- Celestial horizon. (Astron.) See def. 2, above. -- Dip of the horizon (Astron.), the vertical angle between the sensible horizon and a line to the visible horizon, the latter always being below the former. -- Rational horizon, and Sensible horizon. (Astron.) See def. 2, above. -- Visible horizon. See definitions 1 and 2, above. Horizontal Hor`i*zon"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. horizontal.] 1. Pertaining to, or near, the horizon. "Horizontal misty air." Milton. 2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a horizontalline or surface. 3. Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon; as, horizontal distance. Horizontal drill, a drilling machine having a horizontal drill spindle. -- Horizontal engine, one the piston of which works horizontally. -- Horizontal fire (Mil.), the fire of ordnance and small arms at point-blank range or at low angles of elevation. -- Horizontal force (Physics), the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic force. -- Horizontal line (Descriptive Geometry & Drawing), a constructive line, either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of sight, and is the chief line in the projection upon which all verticals are fixed, and upon which all vanishing points are found. -- Horizontal parallax. See under Parallax. -- Horizontal plane (Descriptive Geometry), a plane parallel to the horizon, upon which it is assumed that objects are projected. See Projection. It is upon the horizontal plane that the ground plan of the buildings is supposed to be drawn. -- Horizontal projection, a projection made on a plane parallel to the horizon. -- Horizontal range (Gunnery), the distance in a horizontal plane to which a gun will throw a projectile. -- Horizontal water wheel, a water wheel in which the axis is vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a horizontal plane, as in most turbines. Horizontality Hor`i*zon*tal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. horizontalit\'82.] The state or quality of being horizontal. Kirwan. Horizontally Hor`i*zon"tal*ly, adv. In a horizontal direction or position; on a level; as, moving horizontally. Hormogonium Hor`mo*go*ni"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A chain of small cells in certain alg\'91, by which the plant is propogated. Horn Horn (?), n. [AS. horn; akin to D. horen, hoorn, G., Icel., Sw., & Dan. horn, Goth. ha\'a3rn, W., Gael., & Ir. corn, L. cornu, Gr. cheer, cranium, cerebral; cf. Skr. \'87iras head. Cf. Carat, Corn on the foot, Cornea, Corner, Cornet, Cornucopia, Hart.] 1. A hard, projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the heads of certain animals, esp. of the ruminants, as cattle, goats, and the like. The hollow horns of the Ox family consist externally of true horn, and are never shed. 2. The antler of a deer, which is of bone throughout, and annually shed and renewed. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Any natural projection or excrescence from an animal, resembling or thought to resemble a horn in substance or form; esp.: (a) A projection from the beak of a bird, as in the hornbill. (b) A tuft of feathers on the head of a bird, as in the horned owl. (c) A hornlike projection from the head or thorax of an insect, or the head of a reptile, or fish. (d) A sharp spine in front of the fins of a fish, as in the horned pout. 4. (Bot.) An incurved, tapering and pointed appendage found in the flowers of the milkweed (Asclepias). 5. Something made of a horn, or in resemblance of a horn; as: (a) A wind instrument of music; originally, one made of a horn (of an ox or a ram); now applied to various elaborately wrought instruments of brass or other metal, resembling a horn in shape. "Wind his horn under the castle wall." Spenser. See French horn, under French. (b) A drinking cup, or beaker, as having been originally made of the horns of cattle. "Horns of mead and ale." Mason. (c) The cornucopia, or horn of plenty. See Cornucopia. "Fruits and flowers from Amalth\'91a's horn." Milton. (d) A vessel made of a horn; esp., one designed for containing powder; anciently, a small vessel for carrying liquids. "Samuel took the hornof oil and anointed him [David]." 1 Sam. xvi. 13. (e) The pointed beak of an anvil. (f) The high pommel of a saddle; also, either of the projections on a lady's saddle for supporting the leg. (g) (Arch.) The Ionic volute. (h) (Naut.) The outer end of a crosstree; also, one of the projections forming the jaws of a gaff, boom, etc. (i) (Carp.) A curved projection on the fore part of a plane. (j) One of the projections at the four corners of the Jewish altar of burnt offering. "Joab . . . caught hold on the horns of the altar." 1 Kings ii. 28. 6. One of the curved ends of a crescent; esp., an extremity or cusp of the moon when crescent-shaped. The moon Wears a wan circle round her blunted horns. Thomson. 7. (Mil.) The curving extremity of the wing of an army or of a squadron drawn up in a crescentlike form. Sharpening in mooned horns Their phalanx. Milton. 8. The tough, fibrous material of which true horns are composed, being, in the Ox family, chiefly albuminous, with some phosphate of lime; also, any similar substance, as that which forms the hoof crust of horses, sheep, and cattle; as, a spoon of horn. 9. (Script.) A symbol of strength, power, glory, exaltation, or pride. The Lord is . . . the horn of my salvation. Ps. xviii. 2. 10. An emblem of a cuckold; -- used chiefly in the plural. "Thicker than a cuckold's horn." Shak. Horn block, the frame or pedestal in which a railway car axle box slides up and down; -- also called horn plate. -- Horn of a dilemma. See under Dilemma. -- Horn distemper, a disease of cattle, affecting the internal substance of the horn. -- Horn drum, a wheel with long curved scoops, for raising water. -- Horn lead (Chem.), chloride of lead. -- Horn maker, a maker of cuckolds. [Obs.] Shak. -- Horn mercury. (Min.) Same as Horn quicksilver (below). -- Horn poppy (Bot.), a plant allied to the poppy (Glaucium luteum), found on the sandy shores of Great Britain and Virginia; -- called also horned poppy. Gray. -- Horn pox (Med.), abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of chicken pox. -- Horn quicksilver (Min.), native calomel, or bichloride of mercury. -- Horn shell (Zo\'94l.), any long, sharp, spiral, gastropod shell, of the genus Cerithium, and allied genera. -- Horn silver (Min.), cerargyrite. -- Horn slate, a gray, siliceous stone. -- To haul in one's horns, to withdraw some arrogant pretension. [Colloq.]<-- = to pull in one's horns --> -- To raise, OR lift, the horn (Script.), to exalt one's self; to act arrogantly. "'Gainst them that raised thee dost thou lift thy horn?" Milton. -- To take a horn, to take a drink of intoxicating liquor. [Low] <-- blow one's own horn. To call attention to one's own accomplishments. opposed to "hide one's light under a bushel" --> Horn Horn (?), v. t. 1. To furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn to. 2. To cause to wear horns; to cuckold. [Obs.] Shak. Hornbeak Horn"beak` (?), n. A fish. See Hornfish. Hornbeam Horn"beam` (?), n. [See Beam.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus Carpinus (C. Americana), having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard. It is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and is also called ironwood. The English hornbeam is C. Betulus. The American is called also blue beech and water beech. Hop hornbeam. (Bot.) See under Hop. Hornbill Horn"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the family Bucerotid\'91, of which about sixty species are known, belonging to numerous genera. They inhabit the tropical parts of Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, and are remarkable for having a more or less horn-like protuberance, which is usually large and hollow and is situated on the upper side of the beak. The size of the hornbill varies from that of a pigeon to that of a raven, or even larger. They feed chiefly upon fruit, but some species eat dead animals. _________________________________________________________________ Page 706 Hornblende Horn"blende` (?), n. [G., fr. horn horn + blende blende.] (Min.) The common black, or dark green or brown, variety of amphibole. (See Amphibole.) It belongs to the aluminous division of the species, and is also characterized by its containing considerable iron. Also used as a general term to include the whole species. Hornblende schist (Geol.), a hornblende rock of schistose structure. Hornblendic Horn*blend"ic (?), a. Composed largely of hornblende; resembling or relating to hornblende. Hornblower Horn"blow`er (?), n. [AS. hornbl\'bewere.] One who, or that which, blows a horn. Hornbook Horn"book` (?), n. 1. The first book for children, or that from which in former times they learned their letters and rudiments; -- so called because a sheet of horn covered the small, thin board of oak, or the slip of paper, on which the alphabet, digits, and often the Lord's Prayer, were written or printed; a primer. "He teaches boys the hornbook." Shak. 2. A book containing the rudiments of any science or branch of knowledge; a manual; a handbook. Hornbug Horn"bug` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large nocturnal beetle of the genus Lucanus (as L. capreolus, and L. dama), having long, curved upper jaws, resembling a sickle. The grubs are found in the trunks of old trees. Horned Horned (?), a. Furnished with a horn or horns; furnished with a hornlike process or appendage; as, horned cattle; having some part shaped like a horn. The horned moon with one bright star Within the nether tip. Coleridge. Horned bee (Zo\'94l.), a British wild bee (Osmia bicornis), having two little horns on the head. -- Horned dace (Zo\'94l.), an American cyprinoid fish (Semotilus corporialis) common in brooks and ponds; the common chub. See Illust. of Chub. -- Horned frog (Zo\'94l.), a very large Brazilian frog (Ceratophrys cornuta), having a pair of triangular horns arising from the eyelids. -- Horned grebe (Zo\'94l.), a species of grebe (Colymbus auritus), of Arctic Europe and America, having two dense tufts of feathers on the head. -- Horned horse (Zo\'94l.), the gnu. -- Horned lark (Zo\'94l.), the shore lark. -- Horned lizard (Zo\'94l.), the horned toad. -- Horned owl (Zo\'94l.), a large North American owl (Bubo Virginianus), having a pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the head. Several distinct varieties are known; as, the Arctic, Western, dusky, and striped horned owls, differing in color, and inhabiting different regions; -- called also great horned owl, horn owl, eagle owl, and cat owl. Sometimes also applied to the long-eared owl. See Eared owl, under Eared. -- Horned poppy. (Bot.) See Horn poppy, under Horn. -- Horned pout (Zo\'94l.), an American fresh-water siluroid fish; the bullpout. -- Horned rattler (Zo\'94l.), a species of rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes), inhabiting the dry, sandy plains, from California to Mexico. It has a pair of triangular horns between the eyes; -- called also sidewinder. -- Horned ray (Zo\'94l.), the sea devil. -- Horned screamer (Zo\'94l.), the kamichi. -- Horned snake (Zo\'94l.), the cerastes. -- Horned toad (Zo\'94l.), any lizard of the genus Phrynosoma, of which nine or ten species are known. These lizards have several hornlike spines on the head, and a broad, flat body, covered with spiny scales. They inhabit the dry, sandy plains from California to Mexico and Texas. Called also horned lizard. -- Horned viper. (Zo\'94l.) See Cerastes. Hornedness Horn"ed*ness (?), n. The condition of being horned. Hornel Horn"el (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European sand eel. [Scot.] Horner Horn"er (?), n. 1. One who works or deal in horn or horns. [R.] Grew. 2. One who winds or blows the horn. [Obs.] Sherwood. 3. One who horns or cuckolds. [Obs.] Massinger. 4. (Zo\'94l.) The British sand lance or sand eel (Ammodytes lanceolatus). Hornet Hor"net (?), n. [AS. hyrnet; akin to OHG. hornaz, hornuz, G. horniss; perh. akin to E. horn, and named from the sound it makes as if blowing the horn; but more prob. akin to D. horzel, Lith. szirszone, L. crabo.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, strong wasp. The European species (Vespa crabro) is of a dark brown and yellow color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is very severe. Its nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the layers of comb are hung together by columns. The American white-faced hornet (V. maculata) is larger and has similar habits. Hornet fly (Zo\'94l.), any dipterous insect of the genus Asilus, and allied genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger than themselves, and suck their blood. Called also hawk fly, robber fly. -- To stir up a hornet's nest, to provoke the attack of a swarm of spiteful enemies or spirited critics. [Colloq.] Hornfish Horn"fish` (?), n. [AS. hornfisc.] (Zo\'94l.) The garfish or sea needle. Hornfoot Horn"foot` (?), a. Having hoofs; hoofed. Hornify Horn"i*fy (?), v. t. [Horn + -fy.] To horn; to cuckold. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Horning Horn"ing, n. Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a crescent. J. Gregory. Letters of horning (Scots Law), the process or authority by which a person, directed by the decree of a court of justice to pay or perform anything, is ordered to comply therewith. Mozley & W. Hornish Horn"ish, a. Somewhat like horn; hard. Hornito Hor*ni"to (?), n. [A dim. fr. Sp. horno oven, L. furnus. See Furnace.] (Geol.) A low, oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic regions, and emitting smoke and vapors from its sides and summit. Humboldt. Hornless Horn"less (?), a. Having no horn. Horn-mad Horn"-mad` (?), a. Quite mad; -- raving crazy. Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are horn-mad after? Gray. Hornotine Hor"no*tine (?), n. [L. hornotinus of this year.] (Zo\'94l.) A yearling; a bird of the year. Hornowl Horn"owl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Horned Owl. Hornpike Horn"pike` (?), n. The garfish. [Prov. Eng.] Hornpipe Horn"pipe` (?), n. (Mus.) (a) An instrument of music formerly popular in Wales, consisting of a wooden pipe, with holes at intervals. It was so called because the bell at the open end was sometimes made of horn. (b) A lively tune played on a hornpipe, for dancing; a tune adapted for such playing. Many a hornpipe he tuned to his Phyllis. Sir W. Raleigh. (c) A dance performed, usually by one person, to such a tune, and popular among sailors.<-- = sailor's hornpipe --> Hornpout Horn"pout` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Horned pout, under Horned. Hornsnake Horn"snake` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A harmless snake (Farancia abacura), found in the Southern United States. The color is bluish black above, red below. Hornstone Horn"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A siliceous stone, a variety of quartz, closely resembling flint, but more brittle; -- called also chert. Horntail Horn"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of family (Urocerid\'91) of large hyminopterous insects, allied to the sawflies. The larv\'91 bore in the wood of trees. So called from the long, stout ovipositors of the females. Hornwork Horn"work` (?), n. (Fort.) An outwork composed of two demibastions joined by a curtain. It is connected with the works in rear by long wings. Hornwort Horn"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An aquatic plant (Ceratophyllum), with finely divided leaves. Hornwrack Horn"wrack` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bryozoan of the genus Flustra. Horny Horn"y (?), a. [Compar. Hornier (?); superl. Horniest.] 1. Having horns or hornlike projections. Gay. 2. Composed or made of horn, or of a substance resembling horn; of the nature of horn. "The horny . . . coat of the eye." Ray. 3. Hard; callous. "His horny fist." Dryden. Horny-handed Horn"y-hand`ed (?), a. Having the hands horny and callous from labor. Hornyhead Horn"y*head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any North American river chub of the genus Hybopsis, esp. H. biguttatus. Horography Ho*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. horographie.] 1. An account of the hours. Chaucer. 2. The art of constructing instruments for making the hours, as clocks, watches, and dials. Horologe Hor"o*loge (?), n. [OE. horologe, orloge, timepiece, OF. horloge, orloge, oriloge, F. horloge, L. horologium, fr. Gr. Hour, and Logic.] 1. A servant who called out the hours. [Obs.] 2. An instrument indicating the time of day; a timepiece of any kind; a watch, clock, or dial. Shak. Horologer Ho*rol"o*ger (?), n. A maker or vender of clocks and watches; one skilled in horology. Horological Hor`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [L. horologicus, Gr. Relating to a horologe, or to horology. Horologiographer Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [See Horologiography.] A maker of clocks, watches, or dials. Horologiographic Hor`o*lo`gi*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to horologiography. Chambers. Horologiography Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] 1. An account of instruments that show the hour. 2. The art of constructing clocks or dials; horography. Horologist Ho*rol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in horology. Horology Ho*rol"o*gy (?), n. [See Horologe.] The science of measuring time, or the principles and art of constructing instruments for measuring and indicating portions of time, as clocks, watches, dials, etc. Horometer Ho*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument for measuring time. Horometrical Hor`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Belonging to horometry. Horometry Ho*rom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. horom\'82trie. See Horometer.] The art, practice, or method of measuring time by hours and subordinate divisions. "The horometry of antiquity." Sir T. Browne. Horopter Ho*rop"ter (?), n. [Gr. (Opt.) The line or surface in which are situated all the points which are seen single while the point of sight, or the adjustment of the eyes, remains unchanged. The sum of all the points which are seen single, while the point of sight remains unchanged, is called the horopter. J. Le Conte. Horopteric Hor`op*ter"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of or pertaining to the horopter. Horoscope Hor"o*scope (?), n. [F. horoscope, L. horoscopus, fr. Gr. n., a horoscope; Hour, and -scope.] 1. (Astrol.) (a) The representation made of the aspect of the heavens at the moment of a person's birth, by which the astrologer professed to foretell the events of the person's life; especially, the sign of the zodiac rising above the horizon at such a moment. (b) The diagram or scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the whole circuit of the heavens was divided for the purposes of such prediction of fortune. 2. The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus. 3. A table showing the length of the days and nights at all places. Heyse. Horoscoper, Horoscopist Hor"o*sco`per (?), Ho*ros"co*pist (?), n. One versed in horoscopy; an astrologer. Horoscopy Ho*ros"co*py (?), n. 1. The art or practice of casting horoscopes, or observing the disposition of the stars, with a view to prediction events. 2. Aspect of the stars at the time of a person's birth. Horrendous Hor*ren"dous (?), a. [L. horrendus.] Fearful; frightful. [Obs.] I. Watts. Horrent Hor"rent (?), a. [L. horrens, p.pr. of horrere to bristle. See Horror.] Standing erect, as bristles; covered with bristling points; bristled; bristling. Rough and horrent with figures in strong relief. De Quincey. With bright emblazonry and horrent arms. Milton. Horrible Hor"ri*ble (?), a. [OE. horrible, orrible, OF. horrible, orrible, F. horrible, fr. L. horribilis, fr. horrere. See Horror.] Exciting, or tending to excite, horror or fear; dreadful; terrible; shocking; hideous; as, a horrible sight; a horrible story; a horrible murder. A dungeon horrible on all sides round. Milton. Syn. -- Dreadful; frightful; fearful; terrible; awful; terrific; shocking; hideous; horrid. Horribleness Hor"ri*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being horrible; dreadfulness; hideousness. The horribleness of the mischief. Sir P. Sidney. Horribly Hor"ri*bly, adv. In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; terribly. Horrid Hor"rid (?), a. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.] 1. Rough; rugged; bristling. [Archaic] Horrid with fern, and intricate with thorn. Dryden. 2. Fitted to excite horror; dreadful; hideous; shocking; hence, very offensive. Not in the legions Of horrid hell. Shak. The horrid things they say. Pope. Syn. -- Frightful; hideous; alarming; shocking; dreadful; awful; terrific; horrible; abominable. Horridly Hor"rid*ly, adv. In a horrid manner. Shak. Horridness Hor"rid*ness, n. The quality of being horrid. Horrific Hor*rif"ic (?), a. [L. horrifieus; horrere to be horrible + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. horrifique. See Horror, -fy.] Causing horror; frightful. Let . . . nothing ghastly or horrific be supposed. I. Taylor. Horrification Hor`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. That which causes horror. [R.] Miss Edgeworth. Horrify Hor"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Horrifying (?).] [L. horrificare. See Horrific.] To cause to feel horror; to strike or impress with horror; as, the sight horrified the beholders. E. Irving. Horripilation Hor*rip`i*la"tion (?), n. [L. horripilatio, fr. horripilare to bristle; horrere to bristle + pilus the hair: cf. F. horripilation.] (Med.) A real or fancied bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting from disease, terror, chilliness, etc. Horrisonant Hor*ris"o*nant (?), a. Horrisonous. [Obs.] Horrisonous Hor*ris"o*nous (?), a. [L. horrisonus; horrere to be horrible + sonus a sound.] Sounding dreadfully; uttering a terrible sound. [Obs.] Bailey. Horror Hor"ror (?), n. [Formerly written horrour.] [L. horror, fr. horrere to bristle, to shiver, to tremble with cold or dread, to be dreadful or terrible; cf. Skr. h to bristle.] 1. A bristling up; a rising into roughness; tumultuous movement. [Archaic] Such fresh horror as you see driven through the wrinkled waves. Chapman. 2. A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever; in old medical writings, a chill of less severity than a rigor, and more marked than an algor. 3. A painful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence; a shuddering with terror and detestation; the feeling inspired by something frightful and shocking. How could this, in the sight of heaven, without horrors of conscience be uttered? Milton. 4. That which excites horror or dread, or is horrible; gloom; dreariness. Breathes a browner horror on the woods. Pope. The horrors, delirium tremens. [Colloq.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 707 Horror-sticken Hor"ror-stick`en (?), a. Struck with horror; horrified. Blank and horror-stricken faces. C. Kingsley. Horror-struck Hor"ror-struck` (?), a. Horror-stricken; horrified. M. Arnold. Hors de combat Hors` de com`bat" (?). [F.] Out of the combat; disabled from fighting.<-- = out of action --> Horse Horse (?), n. [AS. hors; akin to OS. hros, D. & OHG. ros, G. ross, Icel. hross; and perh. to L. currere to run, E. course, current Cf. Walrus.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A hoofed quadruped of the genus Equus; especially, the domestic horse (E. caballus), which was domesticated in Egypt and Asia at a very early period. It has six broad molars, on each side of each jaw, with six incisors, and two canine teeth, both above and below. The mares usually have the canine teeth rudimentary or wanting. The horse differs from the true asses, in having a long, flowing mane, and the tail bushy to the base. Unlike the asses it has callosities, or chestnuts, on all its legs. The horse excels in strength, speed, docility, courage, and nobleness of character, and is used for drawing, carrying, bearing a rider, and like purposes. NOTE: &hand; Ma ny varieties, differing in form, size, color, gait, speed, etc., are known, but all are believed to have been derived from the same original species. It is supposed to have been a native of the plains of Central Asia, but the wild species from which it was derived is not certainly known. The feral horses of America are domestic horses that have run wild; and it is probably true that most of those of Asia have a similar origin. Some of the true wild Asiatic horses do, however, approach the domestic horse in several characteristics. Several species of fossil (Equus) are known from the later Tertiary formations of Europe and America. The fossil species of other genera of the family Equid\'91 are also often called horses, in general sense. 2. The male of the genus horse, in distinction from the female or male; usually, a castrated male. 3. Mounted soldiery; cavalry; -- used without the plural termination; as, a regiment of horse; -- distinguished from foot. The armies were appointed, consisting of twenty-five thousand horse and foot. Bacon. 4. A frame with legs, used to support something; as, a clotheshorse, a sawhorse, etc. 5. A frame of timber, shaped like a horse, on which soldiers were made to ride for punishment. 6. Anything, actual or figurative, on which one rides as on a horse; a hobby. 7. (Mining) A mass of earthy matter, or rock of the same character as the wall rock, occurring in the course of a vein, as of coal or ore; hence, to take horse -- said of a vein -- is to divide into branches for a distance. 8. (Naut.) (a) See Footrope, a. (b) A breastband for a leadsman. (c) An iron bar for a sheet traveler to slide upon. (d) A jackstay. W. C. Russell. Totten. NOTE: &hand; Ho rse is much used adjectively and in composition to signify of, or having to do with, a horse or horses, like a horse, etc.; as, horse collar, horse dealer or horsehorsehoe, horse jockey; and hence, often in the sense of strong, loud, coarse, etc.; as, horselaugh, horse nettle or horse-nettle, horseplay, horse ant, etc. Black horse, Blood horse, etc. See under Black, etc. -- Horse aloes, caballine aloes. -- Horse ant (Zo\'94l.), a large ant (Formica rufa); -- called also horse emmet. -- Horse artillery, that portion of the artillery in which the cannoneers are mounted, and which usually serves with the cavalry; flying artillery. -- Horse balm (Bot.), a strong-scented labiate plant (Collinsonia Canadensis), having large leaves and yellowish flowers. -- Horse bean (Bot.), a variety of the English or Windsor bean (Faba vulgaris), grown for feeding horses. -- Horse boat, a boat for conveying horses and cattle, or a boat propelled by horses. -- Horse bot. (Zo\'94l.) See Botfly, and Bots. -- Horse box, a railroad car for transporting valuable horses, as hunters. [Eng.] -- Horse breaker OR trainer, one employed in subduing or training horses for use. -- Horse car. (a) A railroad car drawn by horses. See under Car. (b) A car fitted for transporting horses. -- Horse cassia (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Cassia Javanica), bearing long pods, which contain a black, catharic pulp, much used in the East Indies as a horse medicine. -- Horse cloth, a cloth to cover a horse. -- Horse conch (Zo\'94l.), a large, spiral, marine shell of the genus Triton. See Triton. -- Horse courser. (a) One that runs horses, or keeps horses for racing. Johnson. (b) A dealer in horses. [Obs.] Wiseman. -- Horse crab (Zo\'94l.), the Limulus; -- called also horsefoot, horsehoe crab, and king crab. -- Horse crevall\'82 (Zo\'94l.), the cavally.<-- a type of fish --> -- Horse emmet (Zo\'94l.), the horse ant. -- Horse finch (Zo\'94l.), the chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse gentian (Bot.), fever root. -- Horse iron (Naut.), a large calking iron. -- Horse latitudes, a space in the North Atlantic famous for calms and baffling winds, being between the westerly winds of higher latitudes and the trade winds. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Horse mackrel. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common tunny (Orcynus thunnus), found on the Atlantic coast of Europe and America, and in the Mediterranean. (b) The bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). (c) The scad. (d) The name is locally applied to various other fishes, as the California hake, the black candlefish, the jurel, the bluefish, etc. -- Horse marine (Naut.), an awkward, lubbery person; one of a mythical body of marine cavalry. [Slang] -- Horse mussel (Zo\'94l.), a large, marine mussel (Modiola modiolus), found on the northern shores of Europe and America. -- Horse nettle (Bot.), a coarse, prickly, American herb, the Solanum Carolinense. -- Horse parsley. (Bot.) See Alexanders. -- Horse purslain (Bot.), a coarse fleshy weed of tropical America (Trianthema monogymnum). -- Horse race, a race by horses; a match of horses in running or trotting. -- Horse racing, the practice of racing with horses. -- Horse railroad, a railroad on which the cars are drawn by horses; -- in England, and sometimes in the United States, called a tramway. -- Horse run (Civil Engin.), a device for drawing loaded wheelbarrows up an inclined plane by horse power. -- Horse sense, strong common sense. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Horse soldier, a cavalryman. -- Horse sponge (Zo\'94l.), a large, coarse, commercial sponge (Spongia equina). -- Horse stinger (Zo\'94l.), a large dragon fly. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse sugar (Bot.), a shrub of the southern part of the United States (Symplocos tinctoria), whose leaves are sweet, and good for fodder. -- Horse tick (Zo\'94l.), a winged, dipterous insect (Hippobosca equina), which troubles horses by biting them, and sucking their blood; -- called also horsefly, horse louse, and forest fly. -- Horse vetch (Bot.), a plant of the genus Hippocrepis (H. comosa), cultivated for the beauty of its flowers; -- called also horsehoe vetch, from the peculiar shape of its pods. -- Iron horse, a locomotive. [Colloq.] -- Salt horse, the sailor's name for salt beef. -- To look a gift horse in the mouth, to examine the mouth of a horse which has been received as a gift, in order to ascertain his age; -- hence, to accept favors in a critical and thankless spirit. Lowell. -- To take horse. (a) To set out on horseback. Macaulay. (b) To be covered, as a mare. (c) See definition 7 (above). Horse Horse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Horsing.] [AS. horsion.] 1. To provide with a horse, or with horses; to mount on, or as on, a horse. "Being better horsed, outrode me." Shak. 2. To sit astride of; to bestride. Shak. 3. To cover, as a mare; -- said of the male. 4. To take or carry on the back; as, the keeper, horsing a deer. S. Butler. 5. To place on the back of another, or on a wooden horse, etc., to be flogged; to subject to such punishment. Horse Horse, v. i. To get on horseback. [Obs.] Shelton. Horseback Horse"back` (?), n. 1. The back of a horse. 2. An extended ridge of sand, gravel, and bowlders, in a half-stratified condition. Agassiz. On horseback, on the back of a horse; mounted or riding on a horse or horses; in the saddle. The long journey was to be performed on horseback. Prescott. Horse-chestnut Horse`-chest"nut (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The large nutlike seed of a species of \'92sculus (\'92. Hippocastanum), formerly ground, and fed to horses, whence the name. (b) The tree itself, which was brought from Constantinople in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and is now common in the temperate zones of both hemispheres. The native American species are called buckeyes. Horse-drench Horse"-drench` (?), n. 1. A dose of physic for a horse. Shak. 2. The appliance by which the dose is administred. Horsefish Horse"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The moonfish (Selene setipinnis). (b) The sauger. Horseflesh Horse"flesh` (?), n. 1. The flesh of horses. The Chinese eat horseflesh at this day. Bacon. 2. Horses, generally; the qualities of a horse; as, he is a judge of horseflesh. [Colloq.] Horseflesh ore (Min.), a miner's name for bornite, in allusion to its peculiar reddish color on fresh facture. Horsefly Horse"fly` (?), n.; pl. Horseflies (. 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any dipterous fly of the family Tabanid\'91, that stings horses, and sucks their blood. NOTE: &hand; Of th ese fl ies th ere are numerous species, both in Europe and America. They have a large proboscis with four sharp lancets for piercing the skin. Called also breeze fly. See Illust. under Diptera, and Breeze fly. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The horse tick or forest fly (Hippobosca). Horsefoot Horse"foot` (?), n.; pl. Horsefeet (#). 1. (Bot.) The coltsfoot. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The Limulus or horseshoe crab. Horse Guards Horse" Guards` (?). (Mil.) A body of cavalry so called; esp., a British regiment, called the Royal Horse Guards, which furnishes guards of state for the sovereign. The Horse Guards, a name given to the former headquarters of the commander in chief of the British army, at Whitehall in London. Horsehair Horse"hair` (?), n. A hair of a horse, especially one from the mane or tail; the hairs of the mane or tail taken collectively; a fabric or tuft made of such hairs. Horsehair worm (Zo\'94l.), the hair worm or gordius. Horsehead Horse"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The silver moonfish (Selene vomer). Horsehide Horse"hide` (?), n. 1. The hide of a horse. 2. Leather made of the hide of a horse. Horse-jockey Horse"-jock`ey (?), n. 1. A professional rider and trainer of race horses. 2. A trainer and dealer in horses. Horseknop Horse"knop` (?), n. (Bot.) Knapweed. Horselaugh Horse"laugh` (?), n. A loud, boisterous laugh; a guffaw. Pope. Horse-leech Horse"-leech` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A large blood-sucking leech (H\'91mopsis vorax), of Europe and Northern Africa. It attacks the lips and mouths of horses. 2. A farrier; a veterinary surgeon. Horse-leechery Horse"-leech`er*y (?), n. The business of a farrier; especially, the art of curing the diseases of horses. Horse-litter Horse"-lit`ter (?), n. A carriage hung on poles, and borne by and between two horses. Milton. Horseman Horse"man (?), n.; pl. Horsemen (. 1. A rider on horseback; one skilled in the management of horses; a mounted man. 2. (Mil.) A mounted soldier; a cavalryman. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A land crab of the genus Ocypoda, living on the coast of Brazil and the West Indies, noted for running very swiftly. (b) A West Indian fish of the genus Eques, as the light-horseman (E. lanceolatus). Horsemanship Horse"man*ship, n. The act or art of riding, and of training and managing horses; manege. Horsemint Horse"mint` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A coarse American plant of the Mint family (Monarda punctata). (b) In England, the wild mint (Mentha sylvestris). Horsenail Horse"nail` (?), n. A thin, pointed nail, with a heavy flaring head, for securing a horsehoe to the hoof; a horsehoe nail. Horseplay Horse"play` (?), n. Rude, boisterous play. Too much given to horseplay in his raillery. Dryden. Horsepond Horse"pond` (?), n. A pond for watering horses. Horse power Horse" pow`er (?). 1. The power which a horse exerts. 2. (Mach.) A unit of power, used in stating the power required to drive machinery, and in estimating the capabilities of animals or steam engines and other prime movers for doing work. It is the power required for the performance of work at the rate of 33,000 English units of work per minute; hence, it is the power that must be exerted in lifting 33,000 pounds at the rate of one foot per minute, or 550 pounds at the rate of one foot per second, or 55 pounds at the rate of ten feet per second, etc. NOTE: &hand; Th e po wer of a draught horse, of average strength, working eight hours per day, is about four fifths of a standard horse power. Brake horse power, the net effective power of a prime mover, as a steam engine, water wheel, etc., in horse powers, as shown by a friction brake. See Friction brake, under Friction. -- Indicated horse power, the power exerted in the cylinder of an engine, stated in horse powers, estimated from the diameter and speed of the piston, and the mean effective pressure upon it as shown by an indicator. See Indicator. -- Nominal horse power (Steam Engine), a term still sometimes used in England to express certain proportions of cylinder, but having no value as a standard of measurement. 3. A machine worked by a horse, for driving other machinery; a horse motor. Horse-radish Horse"-rad`ish (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Nasturtium (N. Armoracia), allied to scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste, much used, when grated, as a condiment and in medicine. Gray. Horse-radish tree. (Bot.) See Moringa. Horserake Horse"rake` (?), n. A rake drawn by a horse. Horseshoe Horse"shoe` (?), n. 1. A shoe for horses, consisting of a narrow plate of iron in form somewhat like the letter U, nailed to a horse's hoof. 2. Anything shaped like a horsehoe crab. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The Limulus of horsehoe crab. Horsehoe head (Med.), an old name for the condition of the skull in children, in which the sutures are too open, the coronal suture presenting the form of a horsehoe. Dunglison. -- Horsehoe magnet, an artificial magnet in the form of a horsehoe. -- Horsehoe nail. See Horsenail. -- Horsehoe nose (Zo\'94l.), a bat of the genus Rhinolophus, having a nasal fold of skin shaped like a horsehoe. Horseshoer Horse"sho`er (?), n. One who shoes horses. Horseshoeing Horse"shoe`ing (?), n. The act or employment of shoeing horses. Horsetail Horse"tail` (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A leafless plant, with hollow and rushlike stems. It is of the genus Equisetum, and is allied to the ferns. See Illust. of Equisetum. 2. A Turkish standard, denoting rank. NOTE: &hand; Co mmanders ar e di stinguished by th e nu mber of horsetails carried before them. Thus, the sultan has seven, the grand vizier five, and the pashas three, two, or one. Shrubby horsetail. (Bot.) See Joint-fir. Horseweed Horse"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A composite plant (Erigeron Canadensis), which is a common weed. Horsewhip Horse"whip` (?), n. A whip for horses. Horsewhip Horse"whip`, v. t. To flog or chastise with a horsewhip. Horsewoman Horse"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Horsewomen (. A woman who rides on horseback. Horsewood Horse"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A West Indian tree (Calliandra latifolia) with showy, crimson blossoms. Horseworm Horse"worm` (?), n. The larva of a botfly. Horsiness Hors"i*ness (?), n. 1. The condition or quality of being a horse; that which pertains to a horse. Tennyson. 2. Fondness for, or interest in, horses. Horsly Hors"ly (?), a. Horselike. [Obs.] Chaucer. Horsy Hors"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or suggestive of, a horse, or of horse racing; as, horsy manners; garments of fantastically horsy fashions. [Colloq.] Hortation Hor*ta"tion (?), n. [L. hortatio, fr. hortari to incite, exhort, fr. hori to urge.] The act of exhorting, inciting, or giving advice; exhortation. [R.] Hortative Hor"ta*tive (?), a. [L. hortativus.] Giving exhortation; advisory; exhortative. Bullokar. _________________________________________________________________ Page 708 Hortative Hor"ta*tive (?), n. An exhortation. [Obs.] Hortatory Hor"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. hortatorius.] Giving exhortation or advise; encouraging; exhortatory; inciting; as, a hortatory speech. Holland. Hortensial Hor*ten"sial (?), a. [L. hortensius, hortensis, fr. hortus garden; akin to E. yard an inclosure.] Fit for a garden. [Obs.] Evelyn. Horticultor Hor"ti*cul`tor (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hortus garden + cultor a cultivator, colere to cultivate.] One who cultivates a garden. Horticultural Hor`ti*cul"tur*al (?), a. [Cf. F. horticultural.] Of or pertaining to horticulture, or the culture of gardens or orchards. Horticulture Hor"ti*cul`ture (?), n. [L. hortus garden + cultura culture: cf. F. horticulture. See Yard an inclosure, and Culture.] The cultivation of a garden or orchard; the art of cultivating gardens or orchards. Horticulturist Hor`ti*cul"tur*ist (?), n. One who practices horticulture. Hortulan Hor"tu*lan (?), a. [L. hortulanus; hortus garden.] Belonging to a garden. [Obs.] Evelyn. Hortus siccus Hor"tus sic"cus (?). [L., a dry garden.] A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved, and arranged systematically; an herbarium. Hortyard Hort"yard (?), n. An orchard. [Obs.] Hosanna Ho*san"na (?), n.; pl. Hosannas (#). [Gr. h\'d3sh\'c6'\'beh nn\'besave now, save, we pray, h\'d3sh\'c6a' to save (Hiphil, a causative form, of y\'besha') + n\'be, a particle.] A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or an invocation of blessings. "Hosanna to the Highest." Milton. Hosanna to the Son of David. Matt. xxi. 9. Hose Hose (?), n.; pl. Hose, formerly Hosen (#). [AS. hose; akin to D. hoos, G. hose breeches, OHG. hosa, Icel. hosa stocking, gather, Dan. hose stocking; cf. Russ. koshulia a fur jacket.] 1. Close-fitting trousers or breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to the knee. These men were bound in their coats, their hosen, and their hats, and their other garments. Dan. iii. 21. His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank. Shak. 2. Covering for the feet and lower part of the legs; a stocking or stockings. 3. A flexible pipe, made of leather, India rubber, or other material, and used for conveying fluids, especially water, from a faucet, hydrant, or fire engine. Hose carriage, cart, OR truck, a wheeled vehicle fitted for conveying hose for extinguishing fires. -- Hose company, a company of men appointed to bring and manage hose in the extinguishing of fires. [U.S.] -- Hose coupling, coupling with interlocking parts for uniting hose, end to end. -- Hose wrench, a spanner for turning hose couplings, to unite or disconnect them. Hosen Ho"sen (?), n. pl. See Hose. [Archaic] Hosier Ho"sier (?), n. One who deals in hose or stocking, or in goods knit or woven like hose. Hosiery Ho"sier*y (?), n. 1. The business of a hosier. 2. Stockings, in general; goods knit or woven like hose. Hospice Hos"pice (?), n. [F., fr. L. hospitium hospitality, a place where strangers are entertained, fr. hospes stranger, guest. See Host a landlord.] A convent or monastery which is also a place of refuge or entertainment for travelers on some difficult road or pass, as in the Alps; as, the Hospice of the Great St. Bernard. Hospitable Hos"pi*ta*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. hospitable, LL. hospitare to receive as a guest. See Host a landlord.] 1. Receiving and entertaining strangers or guests with kindness and without reward; kind to strangers and guests; characterized by hospitality. Shak. 2. Proceeding from or indicating kindness and generosity to guests and strangers; as, hospitable rites. To where you taper cheers the vale With hospitable ray. Goldsmith. Hospitableness Hos"pi*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being hospitable; hospitality. Barrow. Hospitably Hos"pi*ta*bly, adv. In a hospitable manner. Hospitage Hos"pi*tage (?), n. [LL. hospitagium, for L. hospitium. See Hospice.] Hospitality. [Obs.] Spenser. Hospital Hos"pi*tal (?), n. [OF. hospital, ospital, F. h\'93pital, LL. hospitale (or perh. E. hospital is directly from the Late Latin), from L. hospitalis relating to a guest, hospitalia apartments for guests, fr. hospes guest. See Host a landlord, and cf. Hostel, Hotel, Spital.] 1. A place for shelter or entertainment; an inn. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. A building in which the sick, injured, or infirm are received and treated; a public or private institution founded for reception and cure, or for the refuge, of persons diseased in body or mind, or disabled, infirm, or dependent, and in which they are treated either at their own expense, or more often by charity in whole or in part; a tent, building, or other place where the sick or wounded of an army cared for. Hospital ship, a vessel fitted up for a floating hospital. -- Hospital Sunday, a Sunday set apart for simultaneous contribution in churches to hospitals; as, the London Hospital Sunday. Hospital Hos"pi*tal, a. [L. hospitalis: cf. OF. hospital.] Hospitable. [Obs.] Howell. Hospitaler Hos"pi*tal*er (?), n. [Written also hospitaller.] [F. hospitalier. See Hospital, and cf. Hostler.] 1. One residing in a hospital, for the purpose of receiving the poor, the sick, and strangers. 2. One of an order of knights who built a hospital at Jerusalem for pilgrims, A. D. 1042. They were called Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and after the removal of the order to Malta, Knights of Malta. Hospitalism Hos"pi*tal*ism (?), n. (Med.) A vitiated condition of the body, due to long confinement in a hospital, or the morbid condition of the atmosphere of a hospital. Hospitality Hos`pi*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Hospitalities (#). [L. hospitalitas: cf. F. hospitalit\'82.] The act or practice of one who is hospitable; reception and entertainment of strangers or guests without reward, or with kind and generous liberality. Given to hospitality. Rom. xii. 13. And little recks to find the way to heaven By doing deeds of hospitality. Shak. Hospitalize Hos"pi*tal*ize (?), v. t. (Med.) To render (a building) unfit for habitation, by long continued use as a hospital. Hospitate Hos"pi*tate (?), v. i. [L. hospitatus, p.p. of hospitari to be a guest, fr. hospes guest.] To receive hospitality; to be a guest. [Obs.] Grew. Hospitate Hos"pi*tate, v. t. To receive with hospitality; to lodge as a guest. [Obs.] Cockeram. Hospitium Hos*pi"ti*um (?), n. [L. See Hospice.] 1. An inn; a lodging; a hospice. [Obs.] 2. (Law) An inn of court. Hospodar Hos"po*dar` (?), n. [A Slav. word; cf. Russ. gospodare lord, master.] A title borne by the princes or governors of Moldavia and Wallachia before those countries were united as Roumania. Host Host (?), n. [LL. hostia sacrifice, victim, from hostire to strike.] (R. C. Ch.) The consecrated wafer, believed to be the body of Christ, which in the Mass is offered as a sacrifice; also, the bread before consecration. NOTE: &hand; In th e La tin Vu lgate th e wo rd was applied to the Savior as being an offering for the sins of men. Host Host, n. [OE. host, ost, OF. host, ost, fr. L. hostis enemy, LL., army. See Guest, and cf. Host a landlord.] 1. An army; a number of men gathered for war. A host so great as covered all the field. Dryden. 2. Any great number or multitude; a throng. And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God. Luke ii. 13. All at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils. Wordsworth. Host Host, n. [OE. host, ost, OF. hoste, oste, F. h\'93te, from L. hospes a stranger who is treated as a guest, he who treats another as his guest, a hostl prob. fr. hostis stranger, enemy (akin to E. guest a visitor) + potis able; akin to Skr. pati master, lord. See Host an army, Possible, and cf. Hospitable, Hotel.] One who receives or entertains another, whether gratuitosly or for compensation; one from whom another receives food, lodging, or entertainment; a landlord. Chaucer. "Fair host and Earl." Tennyson. Time is like a fashionable host, That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand. Shak. Host Host, v. t. To give entertainment to. [Obs.] Spenser. Host Host, v. i. To lodge at an inn; to take up entertainment. [Obs.] "Where you shall host." Shak. Hostage Hos"tage (?), n. [OE. hostage, OF. hostage, ostage, F. \'93tage, LL. hostaticus, ostaticum, for hospitaticum, fr. L. hospes guest, host. The first meaning is, the state of a guest, hospitality; hence, the state of a hostage (treated as a guest); and both these meanings occur in Old French. See Host a landlord.] A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or stipulations of any kind, on the performance of which the person is to be released. Your hostages I have, so have you mine; And we shall talk before we fight. Shak. He that hath a wife and children hath given hostages to fortune. Bacon. Hostel Hos"tel (?), n. [OE. hostel, ostel, OF. hostel, ostel, LL. hospitale, hospitalis, fr. L. hospitalis. See Hospital, and cf. Hotel.] 1. An inn. [Archaic] Poe. So pass I hostel, hall, and grange. Tennyson. 2. A small, unendowed college in Oxford or Cambridge. [Obs.] Holinshed. Hosteler Hos"tel*er (?), n. [See Hostel, and cf. Hostler.] 1. The keeper of a hostel or inn. 2. A student in a hostel, or small unendowed collede in Oxford or Cambridge. [Obs.] Fuller. Hostelry Hos"tel*ry (?), n. [OE. hostelrie, hostelrye, ostelrie, OF. hostelerie, fr. hostel. See Hostel.] An inn; a lodging house. [Archaic] Chaucer. "Homely brought up in a rude hostelry." B. Jonson. Come with me to the hostelry. Longfellow. Hostess Host"ess (?), n. [OE. hostesse, ostesse. See Host a landlord.] 1. A female host; a woman who hospitably entertains guests at her house. Shak. 2. A woman who entertains guests for compensation; a female innkeeper. Shak. Hostess-ship Host"ess-ship, n. The character, personality, or office of a hostess. Shak. Hostie Hos"tie (?), n. [F. See 1st Host.] The consecrated wafer; the host. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet. Hostile Hos"tile (?), a. [L. hostilis, from hostis enemy: cf. F. hostile. See Host an army.] Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a desire to thwart and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies; inimical; unfriendly; as, a hostile force; hostile intentions; a hostile country; hostile to a sudden change. Syn. -- Warlike; inimical; unfriendly; antagonistic; opposed; adverse; opposite; contrary; repugnant. Hostile Hos"tile, n. An enemy; esp., an American Indian in arms against the whites; -- commonly in the plural. [Colloq.] P. H. Sheridan. Hostilely Hos"tile*ly, adv. In a hostile manner. Hostility Hos*til"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Hostilities (#). [L. hostilitas: cf. F. hostilit\'82.] 1. State of being hostile; public or private enemy; unfriendliness; animosity. Hostility being thus suspended with France. Hayward. 2. An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed; especially in the plural, acts of warfare; attacks of an enemy. We have showed ourselves generous adversaries . . . and have carried on even our hostilities with humanity. Atterbury. He who proceeds to wanton hostility, often provokes an enemy where he might have a friend. Crabb. Syn. -- Animosity; enmity; opposition; violence; aggression; contention; warfare. Hostilize Hos"til*ize (?), v. t. To make hostile; to cause to become an enemy. [Obs.] A. Seward. Hosting Host"ing (?), n. [From Host an army.] [Obs.] 1. An encounter; a battle. "Fierce hosting." Milton. 2. A muster or review. Spenser. Hostler Hos"tler (?), n. [OE. hosteler, osteler, innkeeper, OF. hostelier, F. h\'93telier. See Hostel, and cf. Hospitaler, Hosteler.] 1. An innkeeper. [Obs.] See Hosteler. 2. The person who has the care of horses at an inn or stable; hence, any one who takes care of horses; a groom; -- so called because the innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in person. 3. (Railroad) The person who takes charge of a locomotive when it is left by the engineer after a trip. Hostless Host"less (?), a. Inhospitable. [Obs.] "A hostless house." Spenser. Hostry Host"ry (?), n. [OE. hosterie, osterie, OF. hosterie. See Host a landlord.] 1. A hostelry; an inn or lodging house. [Obs.] Marlowe. 2. A stable for horses. [Obs.] Johnson. Hot Hot (?), imp. & p. p. of Hote. [Obs.] Spenser. Hot Hot (?), a. [Compar. Hotter (?); superl. Hottest (?).] [OE. hot, hat, AS. h\'bet; akin to OS. h\'c7t, D. heet, OHG. heiz, G. heiss, Icel. heitr, Sw. het, Dan. heed, hed; cf. Goth. heit\'d3 fever, hais torch. Cf. Heat.] 1. Having much sensible heat; exciting the feeling of warmth in a great degree; very warm; -- opposed to cold, and exceeding warm in degree; as, a hot stove; hot water or air. "A hotvenison pasty." Shak. 2. Characterized by heat, ardor, or animation; easily excited; firely; vehement; passionate; violent; eager. Achilles is impatient, hot, and revengeful. Dryden. There was mouthing in hot haste. Byron. 3. Lustful; lewd; lecherous. Shak. 4. Acrid; biting; pungent; as, hot as mustard. Hot bed (Iron Manuf.), an iron platform in a rolling mill, on which hot bars, rails, etc., are laid to cool. -- Hot wall (Gardening), a wall provided with flues for the conducting of heat, to hasten the growth of fruit trees or the ripening of fruit. -- Hot well (Condensing Engines), a receptacle for the hot water drawn from the condenser by the air pump. This water is returned to the boiler, being drawn from the hot well by the feed pump. -- In hot water (Fig.), in trouble; in difficulties. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; eager; animated; brisk; vehement; precipitate; violent; furious; ardent; fervent; impetuous; irascible; passionate; hasty; excitable. Hotbed Hot"bed` (?), n. 1. (Gardening) A bed of earth heated by fermenting manure or other substances, and covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, or for nourishing exotics. 2. A place which favors rapid growth or development; as, a hotbed of sedition. Hot blast Hot" blast` (?). See under Blast. Hot-blooded Hot"-blood`ed (?), a. Having hot blood; excitable; high-spirited; irritable; ardent; passionate. Hot-brained Hot"-brained` (?), a. Ardent in temper; violent; rash; impetuous; as, hot-brained youth. Dryden. Hotchpot, Hotchpotch Hotch"pot` (?), Hotch"potch` (?), n. [F. hochepot, fr. hocher to shake + pot pot; both of Dutch or German origin; cf. OD. hutspot hotchpotch, D. hotsen, hutsen, to shake. See Hustle, and Pot, and cf. Hodgepodge.] 1. A mingled mass; a confused mixture; a stew of various ingredients; a hodgepodge. A mixture or hotchpotch of many tastes. Bacon. 2. (Law) A blending of property for equality of division, as when lands given in frank-marriage to one daughter were, after the death of the ancestor, blended with the lands descending to her and to her sisters from the same ancestor, and then divided in equal portions among all the daughters. In modern usage, a mixing together, or throwing into a common mass or stock, of the estate left by a person deceased and the amounts advanced to any particular child or children, for the purpose of a more equal division, or of equalizing the shares of all the children; the property advanced being accounted for at its value when given. Bouvier. Tomlins. NOTE: &hand; This term has been applied in cases of salvage. Story. It corresponds in a measure with collation in the civil and Scotch law. See Collation. Bouvier. Tomlins. Hotcockles Hot"coc`kles (?), n. [Hot + cockle, cockle being perh. corrupt. fr. knuckle. Cf. F. main chaude (lit., hot hand) hotcockles.] A childish play, in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who strikes him or his hand placed behind him. Hote Hote (?), v. t. & i. [pres. & imp. Hatte (?), Hot (, etc.; p. p. Hote, Hoten (, Hot, etc. See Hight, Hete.] 1. To command; to enjoin. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 2. To promise. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. To be called; to be named. [Obs.] There as I was wont to hote Arcite, Now hight I Philostrate, not worth a mite. Chaucer. Hotel Ho*tel" (?), n. [F. h\'93tel, OF. hostel. See Hostel.] 1. A house for entertaining strangers or travelers; an inn or public house, of the better class. 2. In France, the mansion or town residence of a person of rank or wealth. H\'93tel-de-ville H\'93tel`-de-ville" (?), n. [F.] A city hall or townhouse. H\'93tel-Dieu H\'93tel`-Dieu" (?), n. [F.] A hospital. Hoten Hot"en (?), p. p. of Hote. Hotfoot Hot"foot` (?), adv. In haste; foothot. [Colloq.] Hot-head Hot"-head` (?), n. A violent, passionate person; a hasty or impetuous person; as, the rant of a hot-head. Hot-headed Hot"-head`ed, a. Fiery; violent; rash; hasty; impetuous; vehement. Macaulay. Hothouse Hot"house` (?), n. 1. A house kept warm to shelter tender plants and shrubs from the cold air; a place in which the plants of warmer climates may be reared, and fruits ripened. 2. A bagnio, or bathing house. [Obs.] Shak. 3. A brothel; a bagnio. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 4. (Pottery) A heated room for drying green ware. _________________________________________________________________ Page 709 Hot-livered Hot"-liv`ered (?), a. Of an excitable or irritable temperament; irascible. Milton. Hotly Hot"ly, adv. [From Hot, a.] 1. In a hot or fiery manner; ardently; vehemently; violently; hastily; as, a hotly pursued. 2. In a lustful manner; lustfully. Dryden. Hot-mouthed Hot"-mouthed` (?), a. Headstrong. That hot-mouthed beast that bears against the curb. Dryden. Hotness Hot"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being hot. 2. Heat or excitement of mind or manner; violence; vehemence; impetuousity; ardor; fury. M. Arnold. Hotpress Hot"press` (?), v. t. To apply to, in conjunction with mechanical pressure, for the purpose of giving a smooth and glosay surface, or to express oil, etc.; as, to hotpress paper, linen, etc. Hotpressed Hot"pressed` (?), a. Pressed while heat is applied. See Hotpress, v. t. Hot-short Hot"-short` (?), a. (Metal.) More or less brittle when heated; as, hot-short iron. Hot-spirited Hot"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Having a fierly spirit; hot-headed. Hotspur Hot"spur` (?), n. [Hot + spur.] A rash, hot-headed man. Holinshed. Hotspur, Hotspurred Hot"spur`, Hot"spurred` (?), a. Violent; impetuous; headstrong. Spenser. Peacham. Hottentot Hot"ten*tot (?), n. [D. Hottentot; -- so called from hot and tot, two syllables of frequent occurrence in their language. Wedgwood.] 1. (Ethnol.) One of a degraded<-- "pastoral", in MW10 --> and savage race of South Africa, with yellowish brown complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in tufts.<-- = The tribes speaking Khoisan; Bushman(? any difference?) --> 2. The language of the Hottentots, which is remarkable for its clicking sounds.<-- = Khoisan --> Hottentot cherry (Bot.), a South African plant of the genus Cassine (C. maurocenia), having handsome foliage, with generally inconspicuous white or green flowers. Loudon. -- Hottentot's bread. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot (a), under Elephant. Hottentotism Hot"ten*tot*ism (?), n. A term employed to describe one of the varieties of stammering. Tylor. Houdah Hou"dah (?), n. See Howdah. Hough Hough (?), n. Same as Hock, a joint. Hough Hough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Houghed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Houghing.] Same as Hock, to hamstring. Hough Hough, n. [Cf. D. hak. Cf. Hack.] An adz; a hoe. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet. Hough Hough, v. t. To cut with a hoe. [Obs.] Johnson. Houlet Hou"let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An owl. See Howlet. Hoult Hoult (?), n. A piece of woodland; a small wood. [Obs.] See Holt. Hound Hound (?), n. [OE. hound, hund, dog, AS. hund; akin to OS. & OFries. hund, D. hond, G. hund, OHG. hunt, Icel. hundr, Dan. & Sw. hund, Goth. hunds, and prob. to Lith. sz, Ir. & Gael. cu, L. canis, Gr. \'87van. &root;229. Cf. Canine, Cynic, Kennel.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears, esp. one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound, deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc. Hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs. Shak. 2. A despicable person. "Boy! false hound!" Shak. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A houndfish. 4. pl. (Naut.) Projections at the masthead, serving as a support for the trestletrees and top to rest on. 5. A side bar used to strengthen portions of the running gear of a vehicle. To follow the hounds, to hunt with hounds. Hound Hound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hounding.] 1. To set on the chase; to incite to pursuit; as, to hounda dog at a hare; to hound on pursuers. Abp. Bramhall. 2. To hunt or chase with hounds, or as with hounds. L'Estrange. Houndfish Hound"fish (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any small shark of the genus Galeus or Mustelus, of which there are several species, as the smooth houndfish (G. canis), of Europe and America; -- called also houndshark, and dogfish. NOTE: &hand; Th e European nursehound, or small-spotted dogfish, is Scyllium canicula; the rough houndfish, or large-spotted dogfish, is S. catulus. The name has also sometimes been applied to the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), and to the silver gar. Hounding Hound"ing, n. 1. The act of one who hounds. 2. (Naut.) The part of a mast below the hounds and above the deck. Hound's-tongue Hound's"-tongue` (?), n. [AS. hundes tunge.] (Bot.) A biennial weed (Cynoglossum officinale), with soft tongue-shaped leaves, and an offensive odor. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked prickles. Called also dog's-tongue. Houp Houp (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Hoopoe. [Obs.] Hour Hour (?), n. [OE. hour, our, hore, ure, OF. hore, ore, ure, F. heure, L. hora, fr. Gr. Year, and cf. Horologe, Horoscope.] 1. The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty minutes. 2. The time of the day, as expressed in hours and minutes, and indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the hour? At what hour shall we meet? 3. Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a particular time or occasion; as, the hour of greatest peril; the man for the hour. Woman, . . . mine hour is not yet come. John ii. 4. This is your hour, and the power of darkness. Luke xxii. 53. 4. pl. (R. C. Ch.) Certain prayers to be repeated at stated times of the day, as matins and vespers. 5. A measure of distance traveled. Vilvoorden, three hours from Brussels. J. P. Peters. After hours, after the time appointed for one's regular labor. -- Canonical hours. See under Canonical. -- Hour angle (Astron.), the angle between the hour circle passing through a given body, and the meridian of a place. -- Hour circle. (Astron.) (a) Any circle of the sphere passing through the two poles of the equator; esp., one of the circles drawn on an artificial globe through the poles, and dividing the equator into spaces of 15°, or one hour, each. (b) A circle upon an equatorial telescope lying parallel to the plane of the earth's equator, and graduated in hours and subdivisions of hours of right ascension. (c) A small brass circle attached to the north pole of an artificial globe, and divided into twenty-four parts or hours. It is used to mark differences of time in working problems on the globe. -- Hour hand, the hand or index which shows the hour on a timepiece. -- Hour line. (a) (Astron.) A line indicating the hour. (b) (Dialing) A line on which the shadow falls at a given hour; the intersection of an hour circle which the face of the dial. -- Hour plate, the plate of a timepiece on which the hours are marked; the dial. Locke. -- Sidereal hour, the twenty-fourth part of a sidereal day. -- Solar hour, the twenty-fourth part of a solar day. -- The small hours, the early hours of the morning, as one o'clock, two o'clock, etc.<-- also "wee hours" --> -- To keep good hours, to be regular in going to bed early. Hourglass Hour"glass` (?), n. An instrument for measuring time, especially the interval of an hour. It consists of a glass vessel having two compartments, from the uppermost of which a quantity of sand, water, or mercury occupies an hour in running through a small aperture unto the lower. NOTE: &hand; A si milar instrument measuring any other interval of time takes its name from the interval measured; as, a half-hour glass, a half-minute glass. A three-minute glass is sometimes called an egg-glass, from being used to time the boiling of eggs.<-- also = egg timer --> Houri Hou"ri (?), n.; pl. Houris (#). [Per. h&umac;r\'c6, h&umac;r\'be, h&umac;r; akin to Ar. h&umac;r, pl. of ahwar beautiful-eyed, black-eyed.] A nymph of paradise; -- so called by the Mohammedans. Hourly Hour"ly (?), a. Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual. In hourly expectation of a martyrdom. Sharp. Hourly Hour"ly, adv. Every hour; frequently; continually. Great was their strife, which hourly was renewed. Dryden. Hours Hours (?), n. pl. [A translation of L. Horae (Gr. Hour.] (Myth.) Goddess of the seasons, or of the hours of the day. Lo! where the rosy-blosomed Hours, Fair Venus' train, appear. Gray. Housage Hous"age (?), n. [From House.] A fee for keeping goods in a house. [R.] Chambers. House House (?), n.; pl. Houses (#). [OE. hous, hus, AS. h; akin to OS. & OFries. h, D. huis, OHG. h, G. haus, Icel. h, Sw. hus, Dan. huus, Goth. gudh, house of God, temple; and prob. to E. hide to conceal. See Hide, and cf. Hoard, Husband, Hussy, Husting.] 1. A structure intended or used as a habitation or shelter for animals of any kind; but especially, a building or edifice for the habitation of man; a dwelling place, a mansion. Houses are built to live in; not to look on. Bacon. Bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench Are from their hives and houses driven away. Shak. 2. Household affairs; domestic concerns; particularly in the phrase to keep house. See below. 3. Those who dwell in the same house; a household. One that feared God with all his house. Acts x. 2. 4. A family of ancestors, descendants, and kindred; a race of persons from the same stock; a tribe; especially, a noble family or an illustrious race; as, the house of Austria; the house of Hanover; the house of Israel. The last remaining pillar of their house, The one transmitter of their ancient name. Tennyson. 5. One of the estates of a kingdom or other government assembled in parliament or legislature; a body of men united in a legislative capacity; as, the House of Lords; the House of Commons; the House of Representatives; also, a quorum of such a body. See Congress, and Parliament. 6. (Com.) A firm, or commercial establishment. 7. A public house; an inn; a hotel. 8. (Astrol.) A twelfth part of the heavens, as divided by six circles intersecting at the north and south points of the horizon, used by astrologers in noting the positions of the heavenly bodies, and casting horoscopes or nativities. The houses were regarded as fixed in respect to the horizon, and numbered from the one at the eastern horizon, called the ascendant, first house, or house of life, downward, or in the direction of the earth's revolution, the stars and planets passing through them in the reverse order every twenty-four hours. 9. A square on a chessboard, regarded as the proper place of a piece. 10. An audience; an assembly of hearers, as at a lecture, a theater, etc.; as, a thin or a full house. 11. The body, as the habitation of the soul. This mortal house I'll ruin, Do C\'91sar what he can. Shak. 12. [With an adj., as narrow, dark, etc.] The grave. "The narrow house." Bryant. NOTE: &hand; Ho use is mu ch us ed ad jectively an d as the first element of compounds. The sense is usually obvious; as, house cricket, housemaid, house painter, housework. House ant (Zo\'94l.), a very small, yellowish brown ant (Myrmica molesta), which often infests houses, and sometimes becomes a great pest. -- House of bishops (Prot. Epis. Ch.), one of the two bodies composing a general convertion, the other being House of Clerical and Lay Deputies. -- House boat, a covered boat used as a dwelling. -- House of call, a place, usually a public house, where journeymen connected with a particular trade assemble when out of work, ready for the call of employers. [Eng.]<-- modern name? --> Simonds. -- House car (Railroad), a freight car with inclosing sides and a roof; a box car. -- House of correction. See Correction. -- House cricket (Zo\'94l.), a European cricket (Gryllus domesticus), which frequently lives in houses, between the bricks of chimneys and fireplaces. It is noted for the loud chirping or stridulation of the males. -- House dog, a dog kept in or about a dwelling house. -- House finch (Zo\'94l.), the burion. -- House flag, a flag denoting the commercial house to which a merchant vessel belongs. -- House fly (Zo\'94l.), a common fly (esp. Musca domestica), which infests houses both in Europe and America. Its larva is a maggot which lives in decaying substances or excrement, about sink drains, etc. -- House of God, a temple or church. -- House of ill fame. See Ill fame under Ill, a. -- House martin (Zo\'94l.), a common European swallow (Hirundo urbica). It has feathered feet, and builds its nests of mud against the walls of buildings. Called also house swallow, and window martin. -- House mouse (Zo\'94l.), the common mouse (Mus musculus). -- House physician, the resident medical adviser of a hospital or other public institution. -- House snake (Zo\'94l.), the milk snake. -- House sparrow (Zo\'94l.), the common European sparrow (Passer domesticus). It has recently been introduced into America, where it has become very abundant, esp. in cities. Called also thatch sparrow. -- House spider (Zo\'94l.), any spider which habitually lives in houses. Among the most common species are Theridium tepidariorum and Tegenaria domestica. -- House surgeon, the resident surgeon of a hospital. -- House wren (Zo\'94l.), the common wren of the Eastern United States (Troglodytes a\'89don). It is common about houses and in gardens, and is noted for its vivacity, and loud musical notes. See Wren. -- Religious house, a monastery or convent. -- The White House, the official residence of the President of the United States; -- hence, colloquially, the office of President.<-- also, a parliament building in Moscow --> -- To bring down the house. See under Bring. -- To keep house, to maintain an independent domestic establishment. -- To keep open house, to entertain friends at all times. Syn. -- Dwelling; residence; abode. See Tenement. House House (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Housed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Housing.] [AS. h.] 1. To take or put into a house; to shelter under a roof; to cover from the inclemencies of the weather; to protect by covering; as, to house one's family in a comfortable home; to house farming utensils; to house cattle. At length have housed me in a humble shed. Young. House your choicest carnations, or rather set them under a penthouse. Evelyn. 2. To drive to a shelter. Shak. 3. To admit to residence; to harbor. Palladius wished him to house all the Helots. Sir P. Sidney. 4. To deposit and cover, as in the grave. Sandys. 5. (Naut.) To stow in a safe place; to take down and make safe; as, to house the upper spars. House House, v. i. 1. To take shelter or lodging; to abide to dwell; to lodge. You shall not house with me. Shak. 2. (Astrol.) To have a position in one of the houses. See House, n., 8. "Where Saturn houses." Dryden. Housebote House"bote` (?), n. [House + bote.] (Law) Wood allowed to a tenant for repairing the house and for fuel. This latter is often called firebote. See Bote. Housebreaker House"break`er (?), n. One who is guilty of the crime of housebreaking. Housebreaking House"break`ing, n. The act of breaking open and entering, with a felonious purpose, the dwelling house of another, whether done by day or night. See Burglary, and To break a house, under Break. Housebuilder House"build`er (?), n. One whose business is to build houses; a housewright. Housecarl House"carl` (?), n. [OE. huscarle. See House, and Carl.] (Eng. Arch\'91ol.) A household servant; also, one of the bodyguard of King Canute. Household House"hold` (?), n. 1. Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family. And calls, without affecting airs, His household twice a day to prayers. Swift. 2. A line of ancestory; a race or house. [Obs.] Shak. Household House"hold`, a. Belonging to the house and family; domestic; as, household furniture; household affairs. Household bread, bread made in the house for common use; hence, bread that is not of the finest quality. [Obs.] -- Household gods (Rom. Antiq.), the gods presiding over the house and family; the Lares and Penates; hence, all objects endeared by association with home. -- Household troops, troops appointed to attend and guard the sovereign or his residence. Householder House"hold`er (?), n. The master or head of a family; one who occupies a house with his family. Towns in which almost every householder was an English Protestant. Macaulay. Compound householder. See Compound, a. _________________________________________________________________ Page 710 Housekeeper House"keep`er (?), n. 1. One who occupies a house with his family; a householder; the master or mistress of a family. Locke. 2. One who does, or oversees, the work of keeping house; as, his wife is a good housekeeper; often, a woman hired to superintend the servants of a household and manage the ordinary domestic affairs. 3. One who exercises hospitality, or has plentiful and hospitable household. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. 4. One who keeps or stays much at home. [R.] You are manifest housekeeper. Shak. 5. A house dog. [Obs.] Shak. Housekeeping House"keep`ing, n. 1. The state of being occupying a dwelling house as a householder. 2. Care of domestic concerns; management of a house and home affairs. 3. Hospitality; a liberal and hospitable table; a supply of provisions. [Obs.] Tell me, softly and hastly, what's in the pantry? Small housekeeping enough, said Ph\'d2be. Sir W. Scott. Housekeeping House"keep`ing, a. Domestic; used in a family; as, housekeeping commodities. Housel Hou"sel (?), n. [OE. housel, husel, AS. h; akin to Icel. h, Goth. hunsl a sacrifice.] The eucharist. [Archaic] Rom. of R. Tennyson. Housel Hou"sel, v. t. [AS. h.] To administer the eucharist to. [Archaic] Chaucer. Houseleek House"leek` (?), n. [House + leek.] (Bot.) A succulent plant of the genus Sempervivum (S. tectorum), originally a native of subalpine Europe, but now found very generally on old walls and roofs. It is very tenacious of life under drought and heat; -- called also ayegreen. Houseless House"less, a. Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless; homeless; as, a houseless wanderer. Houselessness House"less*ness, n. The state of being houseless. Houseline House"line` (?), n. (Naut.) A small line of three strands used for seizing; -- called also housing. Totten. Houseling House"ling` (?), a. Same as Housling. Housemaid House"maid` (?), n. A female servant employed to do housework, esp. to take care of the rooms. Housemaid's knee (Med.), a swelling over the knee, due to an enlargement of the bursa in the front of the kneepan; -- so called because frequently occurring in servant girls who work upon their knees. Housemate House"mate` (?), n. One who dwells in the same house with another. R. Browning. Houseroom House"room` (?), n. Room or place in a house; as, to give any one houseroom. Housewarming House"warm`ing (?), n. A feast or merry-making made by or for a family or business firm on taking possession of a new house or premises. Johnson. Housewife House"wife` (?), n. [House + wife. Cf. Hussy.] 1. The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household. Shak. He a good husband, a good housewife she. Dryden. 2. (Usually pronounced [See Hussy, in this sense.] A little case or bag for materials used in sewing, and for other articles of female work; -- called also hussy. [Written also huswife.] P. Skelton. 3. A hussy. [R.] [Usually written huswife.] Shak. Sailor's housewife, a ditty-bag. Housewife, Housewive House"wife` (?), House"wive` (?), v. t. To manage with skill and economy, as a housewife or other female manager; to economize. Conferred those moneys on the nuns, which since they have well housewived. Fuller. Housewifely House"wife`ly (?), a. Pertaining or appropriate to a housewife; domestic; economical; prudent. A good sort of woman, ladylike and housewifely. Sir W. Scott. Housewifery House"wif`er*y (?), n. The business of the mistress of a family; female management of domestic concerns. Housework House"work` (?), n. The work belonging to housekeeping; especially, kitchen work, sweeping, scrubbing, bed making, and the like. Housewright House"wright` (?), n. A builder of houses. Housing Hous"ing (?), n. [From House. In some of its senses this word has been confused with the following word.] 1. The act of putting or receiving under shelter; the state of dwelling in a habitation. 2. That which shelters or covers; houses, taken collectively. Fabyan. 3. (Arch.) (a) The space taken out of one solid, to admit the insertion of part of another, as the end of one timber in the side of another. (b) A niche for a statue. 4. (Mach.) A frame or support for holding something in place, as journal boxes, etc. 5. (Naut.) (a) That portion of a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the deck or within the vessel. (b) A covering or protection, as an awning over the deck of a ship when laid up. (c) A houseline. See Houseline. Housing Hous"ing, n. [From Houss.] 1. A cover or cloth for a horse's saddle, as an ornamental or military appendage; a saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in plural, trappings. 2. An appendage to the hames or collar of a harness. Housling Hous"ling (?), a. [See Housel.] Sacramental; as, housling fire. [R.] Spenser. Houss Houss (?), n. [F. housse, LL. hulcia, fr. OHG. hulst; akin to E. holster. See Holster, and cf. 2d Housing.] A saddlecloth; a housing. [Obs.] Dryden. Houtou Hou"tou (?), n. [From its note.] (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful South American motmot. Waterton. Houve Houve (?), n. [AS. h&umac;fe.] A head covering of various kinds; a hood; a coif; a cap. [Obs.] Chaucer. Houyhnhnm Hou*yhnhnm" (?), n. One of the race of horses described by Swift in his imaginary travels of Lemuel Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms were endowed with reason and noble qualities; subject to them were Yahoos, a race of brutes having the form and all the worst vices of men. Hove Hove (?), imp. & p. p. of Heave. Hove short, Hove to. See To heave a cable short, To heave a ship to, etc., under Heave. Hove Hove, v. i. & t. To rise; to swell; to heave; to cause to swell. [Obs. or Scot.] Holland. Burns. Hove Hove, v. i. [OE. hoven. See Hover.] To hover around; to loiter; to lurk. [Obs.] Gower. Hovel Hov"el (?), n. [OE. hovel, hovil, prob. a dim. fr. AS. hof house; akin to D. & G. hof court, yard, Icel. hof temple; cf. Prov. E. hove to take shelter, heuf shelter, home.] 1. An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce, etc., from the weather. Brande & C. 2. A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut. 3. (Porcelain Manuf.) A large conical brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped. Knight. Hovel Hov"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoveled (?) or Hovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoveling or Hovelling.] To put in a hovel; to shelter. To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlon. Shak. The poor are hoveled and hustled together. Tennyson. Hoveler Hov"el*er (?), n. One who assists in saving life and property from a wreck; a coast boatman. [Written also hoveller.] [Prov. Eng.] G. P. R. James. Hoveling Hov"el*ing, n. A method of securing a good draught in chimneys by covering the top, leaving openings in the sides, or by carrying up two of the sides higher than the other two. [Written also hovelling.] Hoven Ho"ven (?), obs. OR archaic p. p. of Heave. Hoven Ho"ven (?), a. Affected with the disease called hoove; as, hoven cattle. Hover Hov"er (?), n. [Etymol. doubtful.] A cover; a shelter; a protection. [Archaic] Carew. C. Kingsley. Hover Hov"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hovered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hovering.] [OE. hoveren, and hoven, prob. orig., to abide, linger, and fr. AS. hof house; cf. OFries. hovia to receive into one's house. See Hovel.] 1. To hang fluttering in the air, or on the wing; to remain in flight or floating about or over a place or object; to be suspended in the air above something. Great flights of birds are hovering about the bridge, and settling on it. Addison. A hovering mist came swimming o'er his sight. Dryden. 2. To hang about; to move to and fro near a place, threateningly, watchfully, or irresolutely. Agricola having sent his navy to hover on the coast. Milton. Hovering o'er the paper with her quill. Shak. Hoverer Hov"er*er (?), n. A device in an incubator for protecting the young chickens and keeping them warm. Hover-hawk Hov"er-hawk` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The kestrel. Hoveringly Hov"er*ing*ly, adv. In a hovering manner. How How (?), adv. [OE. how, hou, hu, hwu, AS. h, from the same root as hw\'be, hw\'91t, who, what, pron. interrog.; akin to OS. hw\'d3w, D. hoe, cf. G. wie how, Goth. hw\'c7 wherewith, hwaiwa how. &root;182. See Who, and cf. Why.] 1. In what manner or way; by what means or process. How can a man be born when he is old? John iii. 4. 2. To what degree or extent, number or amount; in what proportion; by what measure or quality. O, how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day. Ps. cxix. 97. By how much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility, and fountains, and rivers of the earth. Bentley. 3. For what reason; from what cause. How now, my love! why is your cheek so pale? Shak. 4. In what state, condition, or plight. How, and with what reproach, shall I return? Dryden. 5. By what name, designation, or title. How art thou called? Shak. 6. At what price; how dear. [Obs.] How a score of ewes now? Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ho w is us ed in ea ch se nse, in terrogatively, interjectionally, and relatively; it is also often employed to emphasize an interrogation or exclamation. "How are the mighty fallen!" 2 Sam. i. 27. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the how, the when, the wherefore. Shelley. Let me beg you -- don't say "How?" for "What?" Holmes. Howadji How*adj"i (?), n. [Ar.] 1. A traveler. 2. A merchant; -- so called in the East because merchants were formerly the chief travelers. Howbeit How*be"it (?), conj. [How + be + it.] Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; although; albeit; yet; but; however. The Moor -- howbeit that I endure him not - Is of a constant, loving, noble nature. Shak. Howdah How"dah (?), n. [Ar. hawdaj.] A seat or pavilion, generally covered, fastened on the back of an elephant, for the rider or riders. [Written also houdah.] Howdy How"dy (?), n. [Scot., also houdy- wife. Of uncertain origin; cf. OSw. jordgumma; or perh. fr. E. how d'ye.] A midwife. [Prov. Eng.] Howel How"el (?), n. A tool used by coopers for smoothing and chamfering rheir work, especially the inside of casks. Howel How"el, v. t. To smooth; to plane; as, to howel a cask. Howell How"ell, n. The upper stage of a porcelian furnace. However How*ev"er (?), adv. [Sometimes contracted into howe'er.] 1. In whetever manner, way, or degree. However yet they me despise and spite. Spenser. Howe'er the business goes, you have made fault. Shak. 2. At all events; at least; in any case. Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be, however from the greatest evils. Tillotson. However How*ev"er, conj. Nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; still; though; as, I shall not oppose your design; I can not, however, approve of it. In your excuse your love does little say; You might howe'er have took a better way. Dryden. Syn. -- However, At least, Nevertheless, Yet. These words, as here compared, have an adversative sense in reference to something referred to in the context. However is the most general, and leads to a final conclusion or decision. Thus we say, the truth, however, has not yet fully come out; i.e., such is the speaker's conclusion in view of the whole case. So also we say, however, you may rely on my assistance to that amount; i. e., at all events, whatever may happen, this is my final decision. At least is adversative in another way. It points out the utmost concession that can possibly be required, and still marks the adversative conclusion; as, at least, this must be done; whatever may be our love of peace, we must at least maintain the rights of conscience. Nevertheless denotes that though the concession be fully made, it has no bearing of the question; as, nevertheless, we must go forward. Yet signifies that however extreme the supposition or fact comceded may be, the consequence which might naturally be expected does not and will not follow; as, though I should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee; though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Cf. But. Howitz How"itz (?), n. A howitzer. [Obs.] Howitzer How"itz*er (?), n. [G. haubitze, formerly hauffnitz, Bohem. haufnice, orig., a sling.] (Mil.) (a) A gun so short that the projectile, which was hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of mortar. [Obs.] (b) A short, light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of smaller diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large projectiles with comparatively small charges. Howker How"ker (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Hooker. Howl Howl (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Howled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Howling.] [OE. houlen, hulen; akin to D. huilen, MHG. hiulen, hiuweln, OHG. hiuwil\'d3n to exult, h owl, Dan. hyle to howl.] 1. To utter a loud, protraced, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do. And dogs in corners set them down to howl. Drayton. Methought a legion of foul fiends Environ'd me about, and howled in my ears. Shak. 2. To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry aloud and mournfully; to lament; to wail. Howl ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand. Is. xiii. 6. 3. To make a noise resembling the cry of a wild beast. Wild howled the wind. Sir W. Scott. Howling monkey. (Zo\'94l.) See Howler, 2. -- Howling wilderness, a wild, desolate place inhabited only by wild beasts. Deut. xxxii. 10. Howl Howl, v. t. To utter with outcry. "Go . . . howl it out in deserts." Philips. Howl Howl, n. 1. The protracted, mournful cry of a dog or a wolf, or other like sound. 2. A prolonged cry of distress or anguish; a wail. Howler Howl"er (?), n. 1. One who howls. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any South American monkey of the genus Mycetes. Many species are known. They are arboreal in their habits, and are noted for the loud, discordant howling in which they indulge at night. Howlet Howl"et (?), n. [Equiv. to owlet, influenced by howl: cf. F. hulotte, OHG. h, hiuwela.] (Zo\'94l.) An owl; an owlet. [Written also houlet.] R. Browning. Howp Howp (?), v. i. To cry out; to whoop. [Obs.] Chaucer. Howso How"so (?), adv. Howsoever. [Obs.] Howsoever How`so*ev"er (?), adj. & conj. [How + so + ever.] 1. In what manner soever; to whatever degree or extent; however. I am glad he's come, howsoever he comes. Shak. 2. Although; though; however. [Obs.] Shak. Howve Howve (?), n. A hood. See Houve. [Obs.] Hox Hox (?), v. t. [See Hock. &root;??.] To hock; to hamstring. See Hock. [Obs.] Shak. Hoy Hoy (?), n. [D. heu, or Flem. hui.] (Naut.) A small coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying passengers and goods from place to place, or as a tender to larger vessels in port. The hoy went to London every week. Cowper. Hoy Hoy, interj. [D. hui. Cf. Ahoy.] Ho! Halloe! Stop! Hoyden Hoy"den (?), n. Same as Hoiden. Hoyman Hoy"man (?), n.; pl. Hoymen (. One who navigates a hoy. A common hoyman to carry goods by water for hire. Hobart. Huanaco Hua*na"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Guanaco. Hub Hub (?), n. [See 1st Hob.] 1. The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See Illust. of Axle box. 2. The hilt of a weapon. Halliwell. 3. A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction; as, a hub in the road. [U.S.] See Hubby. 4. A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are cast. 5. (Diesinking) A hardened, engraved steel punch for impressing a device upon a die, used in coining, etc. 6. A screw hob. See Hob, 3. 7. A block for scotching a wheel. Hub plank (Highway Bridges), a horizontal guard plank along a truss at the height of a wagon-wheel hub. -- Up to the hub, as far as possible in embarrassment or difficulty, or in business, like a wheel sunk in mire; deeply involved. [Colloq.] Hubble-bubble Hub"ble-bub`ble (?), n. A tobacco pipe, so arranged that the smoke passes through water, making a bubbling noise, whence its name. In India, the bulb containing the water is often a cocoanut shell.<-- = water pipe; hookah --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 711 Hubbub Hub"bub (?), n. [Cf. Whoobub, Whoop, Hoop, v. i.] A loud noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar. Milton. This hubbub of unmeaning words. Macaulay. Hubby Hub"by (?), a. Full of hubs or protuberances; as, a road that has been frozen while muddy is hubby. [U.S.] H\'81bner H\'81b"ner (?), n. [After H\'81bner, who analyzed it.] (Min.) A mineral of brownish black color, occurring in columnar or foliated masses. It is native manganese tungstate. Huch, Huchen Huch (?), Hu"chen (?), n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) A large salmon (Salmo, OR Salvelinus, hucho) inhabiting the Danube; -- called also huso, and bull trout. Huck Huck (?), v. i. [See Hawk to offer for sale, Huckster.] To higgle in trading. [Obs.] Holland. Huckaback Huck"a*back (?), n. [Perh. orig., peddler's wares; cf. LG. hukkebak pickback. Cf. Huckster.] A kind of linen cloth with raised figures, used for towelings. Huckle Huc"kle (?), n. [Perh. dim. of Prov. E. hucka hook, and so named from its round shape. See Hook.] 1. The hip; the haunch. 2. A bunch or part projecting like the hip. Huckle bone. (a) The hip bone; the innominate bone. (b) A small bone of the ankle; astragalus. [R.] Udall. Huckle-backed Huc"kle-backed` (?), a. Round-shoulded. Huckleberry Huc"kle*ber`ry (?), n. [Cf. Whortleberry.] (Bot.) (a) The edible black or dark blue fruit of several species of the American genus Gaylussacia, shrubs nearly related to the blueberries (Vaccinium), and formerly confused with them. The commonest huckelberry comes from G. resinosa. (b) The shrub that bears the berries. Called also whortleberry. Squaw huckleberry. See Deeberry. Huckster Huck"ster (?), n. [OE. hukstere, hukster, OD. heukster, D. heuker; akin to D. huiken to stoop, bend, OD. huycken, huken, G. hocken, to squat, Icel. h; -- the peddler being named from his stooping under the load on his back. Cf. Hawk to offer for sale.] 1. A retailer of small articles, of provisions, and the like; a peddler; a hawker. Swift. 2. A mean, trickish fellow. Bp. Hall. Huckster Huck"ster, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huckstered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huckstering.] To deal in small articles, or in petty bargains. Swift. Hucksterage Huck"ster*age (?), n. The business of a huckster; small dealing; peddling. Ignoble huckster age of piddling tithes. Milton. Hucksterer Huck"ster*er (?), n. A huckster. Gladstone. Those hucksterers or money-jobbers. Swift. Huckstress Huck"stress (?), n. A female huckster. Hud Hud (?), n. [Cf. Hood a covering.] A huck or hull, as of a nut. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Huddle Hud"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huddling (?).] [Cf. OE. hoderen, hodren, to cover, keep, warm; perh. akin to OE. huden, hiden, to hide, E. hide, and orig. meaning, to get together for protection in a safe place. Cf. Hide to conceal.] To press together promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension, or the like; to crowd together confusedly; to press or hurry in disorder; to crowd. The cattle huddled on the lea. Tennyson. Huddling together on the public square . . . like a herd of panic-struck deer. Prescott. Huddle Hud"dle, v. t. 1. To crowd (things) together to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system. Our adversary, huddling several suppositions together, . . . makes a medley and confusion. Locke. 2. To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; -- usually with a following preposition or adverb; as, to huddle on; to huddle up; to huddle together. "Huddle up a peace." J. H. Newman. Let him forescat his work with timely care, Which else is huddled when the skies are fair. Dryden. Now, in all haste, they huddle on Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone. Swift. Huddle Hud"dle, n. A crowd; a number of persons or things crowded together in a confused manner; tumult; confusion. "A huddle of ideas." Addison. Huddler Hud"dler (?), n. One who huddles things together. Hudge Hudge (?), n. (Mining) An iron bucket for hoisting coal or ore. Raymond. Hudibrastic Hu`di*bras"tic (?), a. Similar to, or in the style of, the poem "Hudibras," by Samuel Butler; in the style of doggerel verse. Macaulay. Hudsonian Hud*so"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hudson's Bay or to the Hudson River; as, the Hudsonian curlew. Hue Hue (?), n. [OE. hew, heow, color, shape, form, AS. hiw, heow; akin to Sw. hy skin, complexion, Goth. hiwi form, appearance.] 1. Color or shade of color; tint; dye. "Flowers of all hue." Milton. Hues of the rich unfolding morn. Keble. 2. (Painting) A predominant shade in a composition of primary colors; a primary color modified by combination with others. Hue Hue, n. [OE. hue, huer, to hoot, shout, prob. fr. OF. hu an exclamation.] A shouting or vociferation. Hue and cry (Law), a loud outcry with which felons were anciently pursued, and which all who heard it were obliged to take up, joining in the pursuit till the malefactor was taken; in later usage, a written proclamation issued on the escape of a felon from prison, requiring all persons to aid in retaking him. Burrill. Hued Hued (?), a. Having color; -- usually in composition; as, bright-hued; many-hued. Chaucer. Hueless Hue"less (?), a. [AS. hiwle\'a0s. See Hue color.] Destitute of color. Hudibras. Huer Hu"er (?), n. One who cries out or gives an alarm; specifically, a balker; a conder. See Balker. Huff Huff (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Huffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huffing.] [Cf. OE. hoove to puff up, blow; prob. of imitative origin.] 1. To swell; to enlarge; to puff up; as, huffed up with air. Grew. 2. To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide or rebuke with insolence; to hector; to bully. You must not presume to huff us. Echard. 3. (Draughts) To remove from the board (the piece which could have captured an opposing piece). See Huff, v. i., 3. Huff Huff, v. i. 1. To enlarge; to swell up; as, bread huffs. 2. To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or arrogance; to storm; to take offense. THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them huff at the doctrine of repentance. South. 3. (Draughts) To remove from the board a man which could have captured a piece but has not done so; -- so called because it was the habit to blow upon the piece. Huff Huff, n. 1. A swell of sudden anger or arrogance; a fit of disappointment and petulance or anger; a rage. "Left the place in a huff." W. Irving. 2. A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of his own value or importance. Lewd, shallow-brained huffs make atheism and contempt of religion the sole badge . . . of wit. South. To take huff, to take offence. Cowper. Huffcap Huff"cap` (?), n. A blusterer; a bully. [Obs.] -- a. Blustering; swaggering. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Huffer Huff"er (?), n. A bully; a blusterer. Hudibras. Huffiness Huff"i*ness (?), n. The state of being huffish; petulance; bad temper. Ld. Lytton. Huffingly Huff"ing*ly, adv. Blusteringly; arrogantly. [R.] And huffingly doth this bonny Scot ride. Old Ballad. Huffish Huff"ish, a. Disposed to be blustering or arrogant; petulant. -- Huff"ish*ly, adv. -- Huff"ish*ness, n. Huffy Huff"y (?), a. 1. Puffed up; as, huffy bread. 2. Characterized by arrogance or petulance; easily offended. Hug Hug (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hugging.] [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. sidde paa huk to squat, Sw. huka sig to squat, Icel. h. Cf. Huckster.] 1. To cower; to crouch; to curl up. [Obs.] Palsgrave. 2. To crowd together; to cuddle. [Obs.] Shak. Hug Hug, v. t. 1. To press closely within the arms; to clasp to the bosom; to embrace. "And huggen me in his arms." Shak. 2. To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish. We hug deformities if they bear our names. Glanvill. 3. (Naut.) To keep close to; as, to hug the land; to hug the wind. To hug one's self, to congratulate one's self; to chuckle. Hug Hug, n. A close embrace or clasping with the arms, as in affection or in wrestling. Fuller. Huge Huge (?), a. [Compar. Huger (?); superl. Hugest (?).] [OE. huge, hoge, OF. ahuge, ahoge.] Very large; enormous; immense; excessive; -- used esp. of material bulk, but often of qualities, extent, etc.; as, a huge ox; a huge space; a huge difference. "The huge confusion." Chapman. "A huge filly." Jer. Taylor. -- Huge"ly, adv. -- Huge"ness, n. Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea. Shak. Syn. -- Enormous; gigantic; colossal; immense; prodigious; vast. Hugger Hug"ger (?), n. One who hugs or embraces. Hugger Hug"ger, v. t. & i. To conceal; to lurk ambush. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Hugger-mugger Hug"ger-mug`ger (?), n. [Scot. huggrie-muggrie; Prov. E. hugger to lie in ambush, mug mist, muggard sullen.] Privacy; secrecy. Commonly in the phrase in hugger-mugger, with haste and secrecy. [Archaic] Many things have been done in hugger-mugger. Fuller. Hugger-mugger Hug"ger-mug`ger, a. 1. Secret; clandestine; sly. 2. Confused; disorderly; slovenly; mean; as, hugger-mugger doings. Huggle Hug"gle (?), v. t. [Freq. of hug.] To hug. [Obs.] Huguenot Hu"gue*not (?), n. [F., properly a dim. of Hugues. The name is probably derived from the Christian name (Huguenot) of some person conspicuous as a reformer.] (Eccl. Hist.) A French Protestant of the period of the religious wars in France in the 16th century. Huguenotism Hu"gue*not*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. huguenotisme.] The religion of the Huguenots in France. Hugy Hu"gy (?), a. Vast. [Obs.] Dryden. Huia bird Hu"ia bird` (?). [Native name; -- so called from its cry.] (Zo\'94l.) A New Zealand starling (Heteralocha acutirostris), remarkable for the great difference in the form and length of the bill in the two sexes, that of the male being sharp and straight, that of the female much longer and strongly curved. Huisher Hui"sher (?), n. [Obs.] See Usher. B. Jonson. Huisher Hui"sher, v. t. To usher. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Huke Huke (?), n. [OF. huque, LL. huca; cf. D. huik.] An outer garment worn in Europe in the Middle Ages. [Written also heuk and hyke.] [Obs.] Bacon. Hulan Hu"lan (?), n. See Uhlan. Hulch Hulch (?), n. [Cf. Hunch.] A hunch. [Obs.] Hulchy Hulch"y (?), a. Swollen; gibbous. [Obs.] Hulk Hulk (?), n. [OE. hulke a heavy ship, AS. hulc a light, swift ship; akin to D. hulk a ship of burden, G. holk, OHG. holcho; perh. fr. LL. holcas, Gr. Wolf, Holcad.] 1. The body of a ship or decked vessel of any kind; esp., the body of an old vessel laid by as unfit for service. "Some well-timbered hulk." Spenser. 2. A heavy ship of clumsy build. Skeat. 3. Anything bulky or unwieldly. Shak. Shear hulk, an old ship fitted with an apparatus to fix or take out the masts of a ship. -- The hulks, old or dismasted ships, formerly used as prisons. [Eng.] Dickens. Hulk Hulk (?), v. t. [Cf. MLG. holken to hollow out, Sw. h\'86lka.] To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; as, to hulk a hare. [R.] Beau. & Fl. Hulking, Hulky Hulk"ing, Hulk"y (?), a. Bulky; unwiedly. [R.] "A huge hulking fellow." H. Brooke. Hull Hull (?), n. [OE. hul, hol, shell, husk, AS. hulu; akin to G. h\'81lle covering, husk, case, h\'81llen to cover, Goth. huljan to cover, AS. helan to hele, conceal. &root;17. See Hele, v. t., Hell.] 1. The outer covering of anything, particularly of a nut or of grain; the outer skin of a kernel; the husk. 2. [In this sense perh. influenced by D. hol hold of a ship, E. hold.] (Naut.) The frame or body of a vessel, exclusive of her masts, yards, sails, and rigging. Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light. Dryden. Hull down, said of a ship so distant that her hull is concealed by the convexity of the sea. Hull Hull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hulling.] 1. To strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument; as, to hull corn. 2. To pierce the hull of, as a ship, with a cannon ball. Hull Hull, v. i. To toss or drive on the water, like the hull of a ship without sails. [Obs.] Shak. Milton. Hullabaloo Hul`la*ba*loo" (?), n. [Perh. a corruption of hurly-burly.] A confused noise; uproar; tumult. [Colloq.] Thackeray. Hulled Hulled (?), a. Deprived of the hulls. Hulled corn, kernels of maize prepared for food by removing the hulls. Huller Hull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, hulls; especially, an agricultural machine for removing the hulls from grain; a hulling machine. Hullo Hul*lo" (?), interj. See Hollo. Hully Hull"y (?), a. Having or containing hulls. Huloist Hu"lo*ist (?), n. See Hyloist. Hulotheism Hu"lo*the*ism (?), n. See Hylotheism. Hulver Hul"ver (?), n. [OE. hulfere; prob. akin to E. holly.] Holly, an evergreen shrub or tree. Hum Hum (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humming (?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. G. hummen, D. hommelen. &root;15.] 1. To make a low, prolonged sound, like that of a bee in flight; to drone; to murmur; to buzz; as, a top hums. P. Fletcher. Still humming on, their drowsy course they keep. Pope. 2. To make a nasal sound, like that of the letter m prolonged, without opening the mouth, or articulating; to mumble in monotonous undertone; to drone. The cloudy messenger turns me his back, And hums. Shak. 3. [Cf. Hum, interj.] To make an inarticulate sound, like h'm, through the nose in the process of speaking, from embarrassment or a affectation; to hem. 4. To express satisfaction by a humming noise. Here the spectators hummed. Trial of the Regicides. NOTE: &hand; Fo rmerly th e ha bit of au diences wa s to ex press gratification by humming and displeasure by hissing. 5. To have the sensation of a humming noise; as, my head hums, -- a pathological condition. Hum Hum, v. t. 1. To sing with shut mouth; to murmur without articulation; to mumble; as, to hum a tune. 2. To express satisfaction with by humming. 3. To flatter by approving; to cajole; to impose on; to humbug. [Colloq. & Low] Hum Hum, n. 1. A low monotonous noise, as of bees in flight, of a swiftly revolving top, of a wheel, or the like; a drone; a buzz. The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums. Shak. 2. Any inarticulate and buzzing sound; as: (a) The confused noise of a crowd or of machinery, etc., heard at a distance; as, the hum of industry. But 'midst the crowd, the hum, the shock of men. Byron. (b) A buzz or murmur, as of approbation. Macaulay. 3. An imposition or hoax. 4. [Cf. Hem, interj.] An inarticulate nasal sound or murmur, like h'm, uttered by a speaker in pause from embarrassment, affectation, etc. THese shrugs, these hums and ha's. Shak. 5. [Perh. so called because strongly intoxicating.] A kind of strong drink formerly used. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Venous hum. See under Venous. Hum Hum, interj. [Cf. Hem, interj.] Ahem; hem; an inarticulate sound uttered in a pause of speech implying doubt and deliberation. Pope. Human Hu"man (?), a. [L. humanus; akin to homo man: cf. F. humain. See Homage, and cf. Humane, Omber.] Belonging to man or mankind; having the qualities or attributes of a man; of or pertaining to man or to the race of man; as, a human voice; human shape; human nature; human sacrifices. To err is human; to forgive, divine. Pope. Human Hu"man, n. A human being. [Colloq.] Sprung of humans that inhabit earth. Chapman. We humans often find ourselves in strange position. Prof. Wilson. Humanate Hu"man*ate (?), a. [LL. humanatus.] Indued with humanity. [Obs.] Cranmer. Humane Hu*mane" (?), a. [L. humanus: cf. F. humain. See Human.] 1. Pertaining to man; human. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. 2. Having the feelings and inclinations creditable to man; having a disposition to treat other human beings or animals with kindness; kind; benevolent. Of an exceeding courteous and humane inclination. Sportswood. 3. Humanizing; exalting; tending to refine. Syn. -- Kind; sympathizing; benevolent; mild; compassionate; gentle; tender; merciful. -- Hu*mane"ly, adv. -- Hu*mane"ness, n. _________________________________________________________________ Page 712 Humanics Hu*man"ics (?), n. The study of human nature. [R.] T. W. Collins. Humanify Hu*man"i*fy (?), v. t. To make human; to invest with a human personality; to incarnate. [R.] The humanifying of the divine Word. H. B. Wilson. Humanism Hu"man*ism (?), n. 1. Human nature or disposition; humanity. [She] looked almost like a being who had rejected with indifference the attitude of sex for the loftier quality of abstract humanism. T. Hardy. 2. The study of the humanities; polite learning. Humanist Hu"man*ist, n. [Cf. F. humaniste.] 1. One of the scholars who in the field of literature proper represented the movement of the Renaissance, and early in the 16th century adopted the name Humanist as their distinctive title. Schaff-Herzog. 2. One who purposes the study of the humanities, or polite literature. 3. One versed in knowledge of human nature. Humanistic Hu`man*is"tic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to humanity; as, humanistic devotion. Caird. 2. Pertaining to polite kiterature. M. Arnold. Humanitarian Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an (?), a. 1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) Pertaining to humanitarians, or to humanitarianism; as, a humanitarian view of Christ's nature. 2. (Philos.) Content with right affections and actions toward man; ethical, as distinguished from religious; believing in the perfectibility of man's nature without supernatural aid. 3. Benevolent; philanthropic. [Recent] Humanitarian Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an, n. [From Humanity.] 1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) One who denies the divinity of Christ, and believes him to have been merely human. 2. (Philos.) One who limits the sphere of duties to human relations and affections, to the exclusion or disparagement of the religious or spiritual. 3. One who is actively concerned in promoting the welfare of his kind; a philanthropist. [Recent] Humanitarianism Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. 1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) The distinctive tenet of the humanitarians in denying the divinity of Christ; also, the whole system of doctrine based upon this view of Christ. 2. (Philos.) The doctrine that man's obligations are limited to, and dependent alone upon, man and the human relations. Humanitian Hu`ma*ni"tian (?), n. A humanist. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Humanity Hu*man"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Humanities (#). [L. humanitas: cf. F. humanit\'82. See Human.] 1. The quality of being human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings. 2. Mankind collectively; the human race. But hearing oftentimes The still, and music humanity. Wordsworth. It is a debt we owe to humanity. S. S. Smith. 3. The quality of being humane; the kind feelings, dispositions, and sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to relieve persons or animals in distress, and to treat all creatures with kindness and tenderness. "The common offices of humanity and friendship." Locke. 4. Mental cultivation; liberal education; instruction in classical and polite literature. Polished with humanity and the study of witty science. Holland. 5. pl. (With definite article) The branches of polite or elegant learning; as language, rhetoric, poetry, and the ancient classics; belles-letters. NOTE: &hand; The cultivation of the languages, literature, history, and arch\'91ology of Greece and Rome, were very commonly called liter\'91 humaniores, or, in English, the humanities, . . . by way of opposition to the liter\'91 divin\'91, or divinity. G. P. Marsh. Humanization Hu*man`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of humanizing. M. Arnold. Humanize Hu"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humanizing (?).] [Cf. F. humaniser.] 1. To render human or humane; to soften; to make gentle by overcoming cruel dispositions and rude habits; to refine or civilize. Was it the business of magic to humanize our natures with compassion? Addison. 2. To give a human character or expression to. "Humanized divinities." Caird. 3. (Med.) To convert into something human or belonging to man; as, to humanize vaccine lymph. Humanize Hu"man*ize, v. i. To become or be made more humane; to become civilized; to be ameliorated. By the original law of nations, war and extirpation were the punishment of injury. Humanizing by degrees, it admitted slavery instead of death; a further step was the exchange of prisoners instead of slavery. Franklin. Humanizer Hu"man*i`zer (?), n. One who renders humane. Humankind Hu"man*kind` (?), n. Mankind. Pope. Humanly Hu"man*ly, adv. 1. In a human manner; after the manner of men; according to the knowledge or wisdom of men; as, the present prospects, humanly speaking, promise a happy issue. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. Kindly; humanely. [Obs.] Pope. Humanness Hu"man*ness, n. The quality or state of being human. Humate Hu"mate (?), n. [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.) A salt of humic acid. Humation Hu*ma"tion (?), n. [L. humatio, fr. humare to cover with earth, to inter, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage.] Interment; inhumation. [R.] Humbird Hum"bird` (?), n. Humming bird. Humble Hum"ble (?), a. [Compar. Humbler (?); superl. Humblest (?).] [F., fr. L. humilis on the ground, low, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage, and cf. Chameleon, Humiliate.] 1. Near the ground; not high or lofty; not pretentious or magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; as, a humble cottage. THy humble nest built on the ground. Cowley. 2. Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little for one's self; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's self ill-deserving or unworthy, when judged by the demands of God; lowly; waek; modest. God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble. Jas. iv. 6. She should be humble who would please. Prior. Without a humble imitation of the divine Author of our . . . religion we can never hope to be a happy nation. Washington. Humble plant (Bot.), a species of sensitive plant, of the genus Mimosa (M. sensitiva). -- To eat humble pie, to endure mortification; to submit or apologize abjectly; to yield passively to insult or humilitation; -- a phrase derived from a pie made of the entrails or humbles of a deer, which was formerly served to servants and retainers at a hunting feast. See Humbles. Halliwell. Thackeray. Humble Hum"ble (?), a. Hornless. See Hummel. [Scot.] Humble Hum"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humbling (?).] 1. To bring low; to reduce the power, independence, or exaltation of; to lower; to abase; to humilate. Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues Have humbled to all strokes. Shak. The genius which humbled six marshals of France. Macaulay. 2. To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the pride or arrogance of; to reduce the self-sufficiently of; to make meek and submissive; -- often used rexlexively. Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you. 1 Pet. v. 6. Syn. -- To abase; lower; depress; humiliate; mortify; disgrace; degrade. Humblebee Hum"ble*bee` (?), n. [OE. humbilbee, hombulbe; cf. D. hommel, G. hummel, OHG. humbal, Dan. humle, Sw. humla; perh. akin to hum. &root;15. Cf. Bumblebee.] (Zo\'94l.) The bumblebee. Shak. Humblehead Hum"ble*head` (?), n. [Humble + -head.] Humble condition or estate; humility. [Obs.] Chaucer. Humbleness Hum"ble*ness, n. The quality of being humble; humility; meekness. Humbler Hum"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, humbles some one. Humbles Hum"bles (?), n. pl. [See Nombles.] Entrails of a deer. [Written also umbles.] Johnson. Humblesse Hum"blesse (?), n. [OF.] Humbleness; abasement; low obeisance. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Humbly Hum"bly, adv. With humility; lowly. Pope. Humbug Hum"bug` (?), n. [Prob. fr. hum to impose on, deceive + bug a frightful object.] 1. An imposition under fair pretenses; something contrived in order to deceive and mislead; a trick by cajolery; a hoax. 2. A spirit of deception; cajolery; trickishness. 3. One who deceives or misleads; a deceitful or trickish fellow; an impostor. Sir J. Stephen. Humbug Hum"bug`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humbugging (?).] To deceive; to impose; to cajole; to hoax. Humbugger Hum"bug`ger (?), n. One who humbugs. Humbuggery Hum"bug`ger*y (?), n. The practice of imposition. Humdrum Hum"drum` (?), a. Monotonous; dull; commonplace. "A humdrum crone." Bryant. Humdrum Hum"drum`, n. 1. A dull fellow; a bore. B. Jonson. 2. Monotonous and tedious routine. Dissatisfied with humdrum. The Nation. 3. A low cart with three wheels, drawn by one horse. Humect, Humectate Hu*mect" (?), Hu*mec"tate (?), v. t. [L. humectare, humectatum, fr. humectus moist, fr. humere to be moist: cf. F. humecter.] To moisten; to wet. [Obs.] Howell. Humectant Hu*mec"tant (?), a. [L. humectans, p.pr.] Diluent. -- n. A diluent drink or medicine. [Obs.] Humectation Hu`mec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. humectatio: cf. F. humectation.] A moistening. [Obs.] Bacon. Humective Hu*mec"tive (?), a. Tending to moisten. [Obs.] Humeral Hu"mer*al (?), a. [L. humerus the shoulder: cf. F. hum\'82ral.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the humerus, or upper part of the arm; brachial. Humeral veil (R. C. Ch.), a long, narrow veil or scarf of the same material as the vestments, worn round the shoulders by the officiating priest or his attendant at Mass, and used to protect the sacred vessels from contact with the hands. Humerus Hu"me*rus (?), n.; pl. Humeri (#). [L.] (Anat.) (a) The bone of the brachium, or upper part of the arm or fore limb. (b) The part of the limb containing the humerus; the brachium. Humic Hu"mic (?), a. [L. humus the earth, ground: cf. F. humique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, vegetable mold; as, humic acid. See Humin. Humicubation Hu`mi*cu*ba"tion (?), n. [L. humus the ground + cubare to lie down.] The act or practice of lying on the ground. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall. Humid Hu"mid (?), a. [L. humidus, umidus, fr. humere, umere, to be moist; akin to uvidus moist, Gr. uksh to wet, sprinkle, and Icel. v\'94kr moist, and perh. to E. ox: cf. F. humide.] Containing sensible moisture; damp; moist; as, a humidair or atmosphere; somewhat wet or watery; as, humid earth; consisting of water or vapor. Evening cloud, or humid bow. Milton. Humidity Hu*mid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. humidit\'82.] Moisture; dampness; a moderate degree of wetness, which is perceptible to the eye or touch; -- used especially of the atmosphere, or of anything which has absorbed moisture from the atmosphere, as clothing. NOTE: &hand; In hy grometrical re ports (a s of the United States Signal Service) complete saturation of the air is designated by Humidity 100, and its partial saturation by smaller numbers. Humidness Hu"mid*ness (?), n. Humidity. Humifuse Hu"mi*fuse (?), a. [L. humus ground + fusus, p.p. of fundere to spread.] (Bot.) Spread over the surface of the ground; procumbent. Gray. Humiliant Hu*mil"i*ant (?), a. [L. humilians, p.pr. of humiliare.] Humiliating; humbling. "Humiliant thoughts." [R.] Mrs. Browning. Humiliate Hu*mil"i*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humiliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humiliating.] [L. humiliatus, p.p. of humiliare. See Humble.] To reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes, or in the eyes of others; to humble; to mortify. We stand humiliated rather than encouraged. M. Arnold. Humiliation Hu*mil`i*a"tion (?), n. [L. humiliatio: cf. F. humiliation.] 1. The act of humiliating or humbling; abasement of pride; mortification. Bp. Hopkins. 2. The state of being humiliated, humbled, or reduced to lowliness or submission. The former was a humiliation of Deity; the latter a humiliation of manhood. Hooker. Humility Hu*mil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Humilities (#). [OE. humilite, OF. humilit\'82, humelit\'82, F. humilit\'82, fr. L. humiliatis. See Humble.] 1. The state or quality of being humble; freedom from pride and arrogance; lowliness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own worth; a sense of one's own unworthiness through imperfection and sinfulness; self-abasement; humbleness. Serving the Lord with all humility of mind. Acts xx. 19. 2. An act of submission or courtesy. With these humilities they satisfied the young king. Sir J. Davies. Syn. -- Lowliness; humbleness; meekness; modesty; diffidence. -- Humility, Modesty, Diffidence. Diffidence is a distrust of our powers, combined with a fear lest our failure should be censured, since a dread of failure unconnected with a dread of censure is not usually called diffidence. It may be carried too far, and is not always, like modesty and humility, a virtue. Modesty, without supposing self-distrust, implies an unwillingness to put ourselves forward, and an absence of all over-confidence in our own powers. Humility consists in rating our claims low, in being willing to waive our rights, and take a lower place than might be our due. It does not require of us to underrate ourselves. Humin Hu"min (?), n. [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.) A bitter, brownish yellow, amorphous substance, extracted from vegetable mold, and also produced by the action of acids on certain sugars and carbohydrates; -- called also humic acid, ulmin, gein, ulmic or geic acid, etc. Humiri Hu*mi"ri (?), n. [From native name.] (Bot.) A fragrant balsam obtained from Brazilian trees of the genus Humirium. Humite Hum"ite (?), n. [Named after Sir A.Hume.] (Min.) A mineral of a transparent vitreous brown color, found in the ejected masses of Vesuvius. It is a silicate of iron and magnesia, containing fluorine. Hummel Hum"mel (?), v. t. [Cf. Hamble.] To separate from the awns; -- said of barley. [Scot.] Hummel Hum"mel, a. Having no awns or no horns; as, hummelcorn; a hummel cow. [Scot.] Hummeler Hum"mel*er (?), n. [Written also hummeller.] One who, or a machine which, hummels. Hummer Hum"mer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by humming. Ainsworth. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A humming bird. Humming Hum"ming (?), a. Emitting a murmuring sound; droning; murmuring; buzzing. Humming Hum"ming, n. A sound like that made by bees; a low, murmuring sound; a hum. Hummingale, lively or strong ale. Dryden. -- Humming bird (Zo\'94l.), any bird of the family Trochilid\'91, of which over one hundred genera are known, including about four hundred species. They are found only in America and are most abundant in the tropics. They are mostly of very small size, and are not for their very brilliant colors and peculiar habit of hovering about flowers while vibrating their wings very rapidly with a humming noise. They feed both upon the nectar of flowers and upon small insects. The common humming bird or ruby-throat of the Eastern United States is Trochilus culubris. Several other species are found in the Western United States. See Calliope, and Ruby-throat. -- Humming-bird moth (Zo\'94l.), a hawk moth. See Hawk moth, under Hawk, the bird. Hummock Hum"mock (?), n. [Prob. a dim. of hump. See Hump.] 1. A rounded knoll or hillock; a rise of ground of no great extent, above a level surface. 2. A ridge or pile of ice on an ice field. 3. Timbered land. See Hammock. [Southern U.S.] Hummocking Hum"mock*ing, n. The process of forming hummocks in the collision of Arctic ice. Kane. Hummocky Hum"mock*y (?), a. Abounding in hummocks. Hummum Hum"mum (?), n. [Per. or Ar. hamm\'ben.] A sweating bath or place for sweating. Sir T. Herbert. Humor Hu"mor (?), n. [OE. humour, OF. humor, umor, F. humeur, L. humor, umor, moisture, fluid, fr. humere, umere, to be moist. See Humid.] [Written also humour.] 1. Moisture, especially, the moisture or fluid of animal bodies, as the chyle, lymph, etc.; as, the humors of the eye, etc. NOTE: &hand; Th e an cient physicians believed that there were four humors (the blood, phlegm, yellow bile or choler, and black bile or melancholy), on the relative proportion of which the temperament and health depended. 2. (Med.) A vitiated or morbid animal fluid, such as often causes an eruption on the skin. "A body full of humors." Sir W. Temple. 3. State of mind, whether habitual or temporary (as formerly supposed to depend on the character or combination of the fluids of the body); disposition; temper; mood; as, good humor; ill humor. Examine how your humor is inclined, And which the ruling passion of your mind. Roscommon. A prince of a pleasant humor. Bacon. I like not the humor of lying. Shak. 4. pl. Changing and uncertain states of mind; caprices; freaks; vagaries; whims. Is my friend all perfection, all virtue and discretion? Has he not humors to be endured? South. 5. That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas an incongruous or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or mirth by ludicrous images or representations; a playful fancy; facetiousness. For thy sake I admit That a Scot may have humor, I'd almost said wit. Goldsmith. A great deal of excellent humor was expended on the perplexities of mine host. W. Irving. Aqueous humor, Crystalline humor OR lens, Vitreous humor. (Anat.) See Eye. -- Out of humor, dissatisfied; displeased; in an unpleasant frame of mind. Syn. -- Wit; satire; pleasantry; temper; disposition; mood; frame; whim; fancy; caprice. See Wit. _________________________________________________________________ Page 713 Humor Hu"mor (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humoring.] 1. To comply with the humor of; to adjust matters so as suit the peculiarities, caprices, or exigencies of; to adapt one's self to; to indulge by skillful adaptation; as, to humor the mind. It is my part to invent, and the musician's to humor that invention. Dryden. 2. To help on by indulgence or compliant treatment; to soothe; to gratify; to please. You humor me when I am sick. Pope. Syn. -- To gratify; to indulge. See Gratify. Humoral Hu"mor*al (?), a. [Cf. F. humoral.] Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the humors; as, a humoral fever. Humoral pathology (Med.), the pathology, or doctrine of the nature of diseases, which attributes all morbid phenomena to the disordered condition of the fluids or humors of the body.<-- antiquated --> Humoralism Hu"mor*al*ism (?), n. 1. (Med.) The state or quality of being humoral. 2. (Med.) The doctrine that diseases proceed from the humors; humorism. [Obs.] Humoralist Hu"mor*al*ist, n. One who favors the humoral pathology or believes in humoralism. Humorism Hu"mor*ism (?), n. 1. (Med.) The theory founded on the influence which the humors were supposed to have in the production of disease; Galenism. Dunglison. 2. The manner or disposition of a humorist; humorousness. Coleridge. Humorist Hu"mor*ist, n. [Cf. F. humoriste.] 1. (Med.) One who attributes diseases of the state of the humors. 2. One who has some peculiarity or eccentricity of character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical ways. He [Roger de Coverley] . . . was a great humorist in all parts of his life. Addison. 3. One who displays humor in speaking or writing; one who has a facetious fancy or genius; a wag; a droll. The reputation of wits and humorists. Addison. Humoristic Hu`mor*is"tic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a humorist. Humorize Hu"mor*ize (?), v. t. To humor. Marston. Humorless Hu"mor*less, a. Destitute of humor. Humorous Hu"mor*ous (?), a. [Cf. L. humorosus, umorosus, moist. See Humor.] 1. Moist; humid; watery. [Obs.] All founts wells, all deeps humorous. Chapman. 2. Subject to be governed by humor or caprice; irregular; capricious; whimsical. Hawthorne. Rough as a storm and humorous as the wind. Dryden. 3. Full of humor; jocular; exciting laughter; playful; as, a humorous story or author; a humorous aspect. Syn. -- Jocose; facetious; witty; pleasant; merry. Humorously Hu"mor*ous*ly, adv. 1. Capriciously; whimsically. We resolve rashly, sillily, or humorously. Calamy. 2. Facetiously; wittily. Humorousness Hu"mor*ous*ness, n. 1. Moodiness; capriciousness. 2. Facetiousness; jocularity. Humorsome Hu"mor*some (?), a. 1. Moody; whimsical; capricious. Hawthorne. The commons do not abet humorsome, factious arms. Burke. 2. Jocose; witty; humorous. Swift. Humorsomely Hu"mor*some*ly, adv. Pleasantly; humorously. Humorsomeness Hu"mor*some*ness, n. Quality of being humorsome. Hump Hump (?), n. [Cf. D. homp a lump, LG. hump heap, hill, stump, possibly akin to E. heap. Cf. Hunch.] 1. A protuberance; especially, the protuberance formed by a crooked back. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A fleshy protuberance on the back of an animal, as a camel or whale. Humpback Hump"back` (?), n. [Cf. Hunchback.] 1. A crooked back; a humped back. Tatler. 2. A humpbacked person; a hunchback. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any whale of the genus Megaptera, characterized by a hump or bunch on the back. Several species are known. The most common ones in the North Atlantic are Megaptera longimana of Europe, and M. osphyia of America; that of the California coasts is M. versabilis. (b) A small salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), of the northwest coast of America. Humpbacked Hump"backed` (?), a. Having a humped back. Humped Humped (?), a. Having a hump, as the back. Humph Humph (?), interj. [Of imitative origin.] An exclamation denoting surprise, or contempt, doubt, etc. Humpless Hump"less (?), a. Without a hump. Darwin. Hump-shouldered Hump"-shoul`dered (?), a. Having high, hunched shoulders. Hawthorne. Humpy Hump"y (?), a. Full of humps or bunches; covered with protuberances; humped. Humstrum Hum"strum` (?), n. An instrument out of tune or rudely constructed; music badly played. Humulin Hu"mu*lin (?), n. [NL. Humulus, the genus including the hop.] An extract of hops. Humus Hu"mus (?), n. [L., the earth, ground, soil.] That portion of the soil formed by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter. It is a valuable constituent of soils. Graham. Hun Hun (?), n. [L. Hunni, also Chunni, and Chuni; cf. AS. H, H, OHG. H, G. Hunnen.] One of a warlike nomadic people of Northern Asia who, in the 5th century, under Atilla, invaded and conquered a great part of Europe. Hunch Hunch (?), n. [Perh. akin to huckle; cf. hump, hunch, bunch, hunk.] 1. A hump; a protuberance. 2. A lump; a thick piece; as, a hunch of bread. 3. A push or thrust, as with the elbow. Hunch Hunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hunching.] 1. To push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly. 2. To thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook, as the back. Dryden. Hunchback Hunch"back` (?), n. [Cf. Humpback.] A back with a hunch or hump; also, a hunchbacked person. Hunchbacked Hunch"backed` (?), a. Having a humped back. Hundred Hun"dred (?), n. [OE. hundred, AS. hundred a territorial division; hund hundred + a word akin to Goth. ga-ra to count, L. ratio reckoning, account; akin to OS. hunderod, hund, D. hondred, G. hundert, OHG. also hunt, Icel. hundra, Dan. hundrede, Sw. hundra, hundrade, Goth. hund, Lith. szimtas, Russ. sto, W. cant, Ir. cead, L. centum, Gr. \'87ata. &root;309. Cf. Cent, Century, Hecatomb, Quintal, and Reason.] 1. The product of ten mulitplied by ten, or the number of ten times ten; a collection or sum, consisting of ten times ten units or objects; five score. Also, a symbol representing one hundred units, as 100 or C. With many hundreds treading on his heels. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Th e word hundred, as well as thousand, million, etc., often takes a plural form. We may say hundreds, or many hundreds, meaning individual objects or units, but with an ordinal numeral adjective in constructions like five hundreds, or eight hundreds, it is usually intended to consider each hundred as a separate aggregate; as, ten hundreds are one thousand. 2. A division of a country in England, supposed to have originally contained a hundred families, or freemen. Hundred court, a court held for all the inhabitants of a hundred. [Eng.] Blackstone. Hundred Hun"dred, a. Ten times ten; five score; as, a hundred dollars. Hundreder Hun"dred*er (?), n. 1. An inhabitant or freeholder of a hundred. 2. (Law) A person competent to serve on a jury, in an action for land in the hundred to which he belongs. 3. One who has the jurisdiction of a hundred; and sometimes, a bailiff of a hundred. Blount. Cowell. Hundredfold Hun"dred*fold` (?), n. A hundred times as much or as many. He shall receive as hundredfold now in this time. Mark x. 30. Hundredth Hun"dredth (?), a. 1. Coming last of a hundred successive individuals or units. 2. Forming one of a hundred equal parts into which anything is divided; the tenth of a tenth. Hundredth Hun"dredth, n. One of a hundred equal parts into which one whole is, or may be, divided; the quotient of a unit divided by a hundred. Hundredwieght Hun"dred*wieght` (?), n. A denomination of weight, containing 100, 112, or 120 pounds avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By the legal standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United States, both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds avoirdupois, the corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes called the short ton, beingthe legal ton. Hung Hung (?), imp. & p. p. of Hang. Hung beef, the fleshy part of beef slightly salted and hung up to dry; dried beef. Hungarian Hun*ga"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hungary or to the people of Hungary. -- n. A native or one of the people of Hungary. Hungarian grass. See Italian millet, under Millet. Hungary Hun"ga*ry (?), n. A country in Central Europe, now a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Hungary water, a distilled "water," made from dilute alcohol aromatized with rosemary flowers, etc. Hunger Hun"ger (?), n. [AS. hungor; akin to OFries. hunger, D. honger, OS. & OHG. hungar, G. hunger, Icel. hungr, Sw. & Dan. hunger, Goth. h hunger, huggrjan to hunger.] 1. An uneasy sensation occasioned normally by the want of food; a craving or desire for food. NOTE: &hand; Th e se nsation of hu nger is usually referred to the stomach, but is probably dependent on excitation of the sensory nerves, both of the stomach and intestines, and perhaps also on indirect impressions from other organs, more or less exhausted from lack of nutriment. 2. Any strong eager desire. O sacred hunger of ambitious minds! Spenser. For hunger of my gold I die. Dryden. Hunger Hun"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hungered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hungering.] [OE. hungren, AS. hyngrian. See Hunger, n.] 1. To feel the craving or uneasiness occasioned by want of food; to be oppressed by hunger. 2. To have an eager desire; to long. Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteouness. Matt. v. 6. Hunger Hun"ger, v. t. To make hungry; to famish. Hunger-bit, Hunger-bitten Hun"ger-bit` (?), Hun"ger-bit`ten (?), a. Pinched or weakened by hunger. [Obs.] Milton. Hungered Hun"gered (?), a. Hungry; pinched for food. [Obs.] Milton. Hungerer Hun"ger*er (?), n. One who hungers; one who longs. Lamb. Hungerly Hun"ger*ly, a. Wanting food; starved. [Obs.] Shak. Hungerly Hun"ger*ly, adv. With keen appetite. [Obs.] Shak. Hunger-starve Hun"ger-starve` (?), v. t. To starve with hunger; to famish. [Obs.] Shak. Hungred Hun"gred (?), a. Hungered; hungry. [Archaic] Hungrily Hun"gri*ly (?), adv. [From Hunger.] In a hungry manner; voraciously. Dryden. Hungry Hun"gry (?), a. [Compar. Hungrier (?); superl. Hungriest.] [AS. hungrid. See Hunger.] 1. Feeling hunger; having a keen appetite; feeling uneasiness or distress from want of food; hence, having an eager desire. 2. Showing hunger or a craving desire; voracious. The cruel, hungry foam. C. Kingsley. Cassius has a lean and hungry look. Shak. 3. Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; starved; as, a hungry soil. "The hungry beach." Shak. Hunk Hunk (?), n. [Cf. Hunch.] A large lump or piece; a hunch; as, a hunk of bread. [Colloq.] <-- 2. a sexually attractive, well-built man. --> Hunker Hun"ker (?), n. Originally, a nickname for a member of the conservative section of the Democratic party in New York; hence, one opposed to progress in general; a fogy. [Political Cant, U.S.] Hunkerism Hun"ker*ism (?), n. Excessive conservatism; hostility to progress. [Political Cant, U.S.] Hunks Hunks (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A covetous, sordid man; a miser; a niggard. Pray make your bargain with all the prudence and selfishness of an old hunks. Gray. Hunt Hunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hunting.] [AS. huntian to hunt; cf. hentan to follow, pursue, Goth. hin (in comp.) to seize. &root;36. Cf. Hent.] 1. To search for or follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns for sport or exercise; as, to hunt a deer. Like a dog, he hunts in dreams. Tennyson. 2. To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue; to follow; -- often with out or up; as, to hunt up the facts; to hunt out evidence. Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him. Ps. cxl. 11. 3. To drive; to chase; -- with down, from, away, etc.; as, to hunt down a criminal; he was hunted from the parish. 4. To use or manage in the chase, as hounds. He hunts a pack of dogs. Addison. 5. To use or traverse in pursuit of game; as, he hunts the woods, or the country. Hunt Hunt, v. i. 1. To follow the chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to course with hounds. Esau went to the field to hunt for venison. Gen. xxvii. 5. 2. To seek; to pursue; to search; -- with for or after. He after honor hunts, I after love. Shak. To hunt counter, to trace the scent backward in hunting, as a hound to go back on one's steps. [Obs.] Shak. Hunt Hunt, n. 1. The act or practice of chasing wild animals; chase; pursuit; search. The hunt is up; the morn is bright and gray. Shak. 2. The game secured in the hunt. [Obs.] Shak. 3. A pack of hounds. [Obs.] 4. An association of huntsmen. 5. A district of country hunted over. Every landowner within the hunt. London Field. Hunt-counter Hunt"-count`er (?), n. A worthless dog that runs back on the scent; a blunderer. [Obs.] Shak. Hunte Hunt"e (?), n. [AS. hunta.] A hunter. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hunter Hunt"er (?), n. 1. One who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a huntsman. 2. A dog that scents game, or is trained to the chase; a hunting dog. Shak. 3. A horse used in the chase; especially, a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting. 4. One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for game; as, a fortune hunter a place hunter. No keener hunter after glory breathes. Tennyson. 5. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of spider. See Hunting spider, under Hunting. 6. A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is protected by a metallic cover. Hunter's room, the lunation after the harvest moon. -- Hunter's screw (Mech.), a differential screw, so named from the inventor. See under Differential. Hunterian Hun*te"ri*an (?), a. Discovered or described by John Hunter, an English surgeon; as, the Hunterian chancre. See Chancre. Hunting Hunt"ing (?), n. The pursuit of game or of wild animals. A. Smith. Happy hunting grounds, the region to which, according to the belief of American Indians, the souls of warriors and hunters pass after death, to be happy in hunting and feasting. Tylor. -- Hunting box. Same As Hunting lodge (below). -- Hunting cat (Zo\'94l.), the cheetah. -- Hunting cog (Mach.), a tooth in the larger of two geared wheels which makes its number of teeth prime to the number in the smaller wheel, thus preventing the frequent meeting of the same pairs of teeth. -- Hunting dog (Zo\'94l.), the hyena dog. -- Hunting ground, a region or district abounding in game; esp. (pl.), the regions roamed over by the North American Indians in search of game. -- Hunting horn, a bulge; a horn used in the chase. See Horn, and Bulge. -- Hunting leopard (Zo\'94l.), the cheetah. -- Hunting lodge, a temporary residence for the purpose of hunting. -- Hunting seat, a hunting lodge. Gray. -- Hunting shirt, a coarse shirt for hunting, often of leather. -- Hunting spider (Zo\'94l.), a spider which hunts its prey, instead of catching it in a web; a wolf spider. -- Hunting watch. See Hunter, 6. Huntress Hunt"ress (?), n. A woman who hunts or follows the chase; as, the huntress Diana. Shak. Huntsman Hunts"man (?), n.; pl. Huntsmen (. 1. One who hunts, or who practices hunting. 2. The person whose office it is to manage the chase or to look after the hounds. L'Estrange. Huntsman's cup (Bot.), the sidesaddle flower, or common American pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea). _________________________________________________________________ Page 714 Huntsmanship Hunts"man*ship (?), n. The art or practice of hunting, or the qualification of a hunter. Donne. Hunt's-up Hunt's"-up` (?), n. A tune played on the horn very early in the morning to call out the hunters; hence, any arousing sound or call. [Obs.] Shak. Time plays the hunt's-up to thy sleepy head. Drayton. Hurden Hur"den (?), n. [From Hurds.] A coarse kind of linen; -- called also harden. [Prov. Eng.] Hurdle Hur"dle (?), n. [OE. hurdel, hirdel, AS. hyrdel; akin to D. horde, OHG. hurt, G. h\'81rde a hurdle, fold, pen, Icel. hur door, Goth. ha\'a3rds, L. cratis wickerwork, hurdle, Gr. k to spin, c to bind, connect. &root;16. Cf. Crate, Grate, n.] 1. A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for inclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes. 2. In England, a sled or crate on which criminals were formerly drawn to the place of execution. Bacon. 3. An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which men or horses leap in a race. Hurdle race, a race in which artificial barriers in the form of hurdles, fences, etc., must be leaped. Hurdle Hur"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurdleed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurdleing (?).] To hedge, cover, make, or inclose with hurdles. Milton. Hurdlework Hur"dle*work` (?), n. Work after manner of a hurdle. Hurds Hurds (?), n. [See Hards.] The coarse part of flax or hemp; hards. Hurdy-gurdy Hur"dy-gur`dy (?), n. [Prob. of imitative origin.] 1. A stringled instrument, lutelike in shape, in which the sound is produced by the friction of a wheel turned by a crank at the end, instead of by a bow, two of the strings being tuned as drones, while two or more, tuned in unison, are modulated by keys. 2. In California, a water wheel with radial buckets, driven by the impact of a jet. Hurkaru Hur*ka"ru (?), n. [Hind. hark\'bera] In India, a running footman; a messenger. [Written also hurkaroo.] Hurl Hurl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurling.] [OE. hurlen, hourlen; prob. contracted fr. OE. hurtlen to hurtle, or probably akin to E. whirl. &root;16. See Hurtle.] 1. To send whirling or whizzing through the air; to throw with violence; to drive with great force; as, to hurl a stone or lance. And hurl'd them headlong to their fleet and main. Pope. 2. To emit or utter with vehemence or impetuosity; as, to hurl charges or invective. Spenser. 3. [Cf. Whirl.] To twist or turn. "Hurled or crooked feet." [Obs.] Fuller. Hurl Hurl, v. i. 1. To hurl one's self; to go quickly. [R.] 2. To perform the act of hurling something; to throw something (at another). God shall hurl at him and not spare. Job xxvii. 22 (Rev. Ver. ). 3. To play the game of hurling. See Hurling. Hurl Hurl, n. 1. The act of hurling or throwing with violence; a cast; a fling. Congreve. 2. Tumult; riot; hurly-burly. [Obs.] Knolles. 3. (Hat Manuf.) A table on which fiber is stirred and mixed by beating with a bowspring. Hurlbat Hurl"bat` (?), n. See Whirlbat. [Obs.] Holland. Hurlbone Hurl"bone` (?), n. 1. See Whirlbone. 2. (Far.) A bone near the middle of the buttock of a horse. Crabb. Hurler Hurl"er (?), n. One who hurls, or plays at hurling. Hurling Hurl"ing, n. 1. The act of throwing with force. 2. A kind of game at ball, formerly played. Hurling taketh its denomination from throwing the ball. Carew. Hurlwind Hurl"wind` (?), n. A whirlwind. [Obs.] Sandys. Hurly Hur"ly (?), n. [Cf. F. hurler to howl.] Noise; confusion; uproar. That, with the hurly, death itself awakes. Shak. Hurly-burly Hur"ly-bur`ly (?), n. [Reduplicated fr. OE. hurly confusion: cf. F. hurler to howl, yell, L. ululare; or cf. E. hurry.] Tumult; bustle; confusion. Shak. All places were filled with tumult and hurly-burly. Knolles. Huronian Hu*ro"ni*an (?), a. [Named from Lake Huron.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to certain non-fossiliferous rocks on the borders of Lake Huron, which are supposed to correspond in time to the latter part of the Arch\'91an age. Huron-Iroquous Hu"ron-Ir`o*quous" (?), n. (Ethnol.) A linguistic group of warlike North American Indians, belonging to the same stock as the Algonquins, and including several tribes, among which were the Five Nations. They formerly occupied the region about Lakes Erie and Ontario, and the larger part of New York. Hurons Hu"rons (?), n. pl.; sing. Huron. (Ethnol.) A powerful and warlike tribe of North American Indians of the Algonquin stock. They formerly occupied the country between Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, but were nearly exterminated by the Five Nations about 1650. Hurr Hurr (?), v. i. [See Hurry.] To make a rolling or burring sound. [Obs.] R is the dog's letter, and hurreth in the sound. B. Jonson. Hurrah Hurra Hur*rah" Hur*ra" (?), interj. [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. hurra. Cf. Huzza.] A word used as a shout of joy, triumph, applause, encouragement, or welcome. Hurrah! hurrah! for Ivry and Henry of Navarre. Macaulay. Hurrah Hur*rah", n. A cheer; a shout of joy, etc. Hurrah's nest, state of utmost confusion. [Colloq. U.S.] A perfect hurrah's nest in our kitchen. Mrs. Stowe. Hurrah Hur*rah" (?), v. i. To utter hurrahs; to huzza. Hurrah Hur*rah", v. t. To salute, or applaud, with hurrahs. Hurricane Hur"ri*cane (?), n. [Sp. hurracan; orig. a Carib word signifying, a high wind.] A violent storm, characterized by extreme fury and sudden changes of the wind, and generally accompanied by rain, thunder, and lightning; -- especially prevalent in the East and West Indies. Also used figuratively. Like the smoke in a hurricane whirl'd. Tennyson. Each guilty thought to me is A dreadful hurricane. Massinger. Hurricane bird (Zo\'94l.), the frigate bird. -- Hurricane deck. (Naut.) See under Deck. Hurricano Hur`ri*ca"no (?), n.; pl. Hurricanoes (#). A waterspout; a hurricane. [Obs.] Drayton. "You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout." Shak. Hurried Hur"ried (?), a. 1. Urged on; hastened; going or working at speed; as, a hurried writer; a hurried life. 2. Done in a hurry; hence, imperfect; careless; as, a hurried job. "A hurried meeting." Milton. -- Hur"ried*ly, adv. -- Hur"ried*ness, n. Hurrier Hur"ri*er (?), n. One who hurries or urges. Hurries Hur"ries (?), n. A staith or framework from which coal is discharged from cars into vessels. Hurry Hur"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurrying.] [OE. horien; cf. OSw. hurra to whirl round, dial. Sw. hurr great haste, Dan. hurre to buzz, Icel. hurr hurly-burly, MHG. hurren to hurry, and E. hurr, whir to hurry; all prob. of imitative origin.] 1. To hasten; to impel to greater speed; to urge on. Impetuous lust hurries him on. South. They hurried him abroad a bark. Shak. 2. To impel to precipitate or thoughtless action; to urge to confused or irregular activity. And wild amazement hurries up and down The little number of your doubtful friends. Shak. 3. To cause to be done quickly. Syn. -- To hasten; precipitate; expedite; quicken; accelerate; urge. Hurry Hur"ry, v. i. To move or act with haste; to proceed with celerity or precipitation; as, let us hurry. To hurry up, to make haste. [Colloq.] Hurry Hur"ry, n. The act of hurrying in motion or business; pressure; urgency; bustle; confusion. Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, it inflames the mind, and puts into a violent hurry of thought. Addison. Syn. -- Haste; speed; dispatch. See Haste. Hurryingly Hur"ry*ing*ly, adv. In a hurrying manner. Hurry-skurry Hur"ry-skur`ry (?), adv. [An imitative word; cf. Sw. skorra to rattle, snarl, E. scurry.] Confusedly; in a bustle. [Obs.] Gray. Hurst Hurst (?), n. [OE. hurst, AS. hyrst; akin to OHG. hurst, horst, wood, thicket, G. horst the nest of a bird of prey, an eyerie, thicket.] A wood or grove; -- a word used in the composition of many names, as in Hazlehurst. Hurt Hurt, n. (Mach.) (a) A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions. (b) A husk. See Husk, 2. Hurt Hurt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurt (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurting.] [OE. hurten, hirten, horten, herten; prob. fr. OF. hurter, heurter, to knock, thrust, strike, F. heurter; cf. W. hyrddu to push, drive, assault, hwrdd a stroke, blow, push; also, a ram, the orig. sense of the verb thus perhaps being, to butt as a ram; cf. D. horten to push, strike, MHG. hurten, both prob. fr. Old French.] 1. To cause physical pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or bruise painfully. The hurt lion groans within his den. Dryden. 2. To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or pleasure of; to damage; to injure; to harm. Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt. Milton. 3. To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain to; to offend in honor or self-respect; to annoy; to grieve. "I am angry and hurt." Thackeray. Hurter Hurt"er, n. 1. A bodily injury causing pain; a wound, bruise, or the like. The pains of sickness and hurts . . . all men feel. Locke. 2. An injury causing pain of mind or conscience; a slight; a stain; as of sin. But the jingling of the guinea helps the hurt that Honor feels. Tennyson. 3. Injury; damage; detriment; harm; mischief. Thou dost me yet but little hurt. Shak. Syn. -- Wound; bruise; injury; harm; damage; loss; detriment; mischief; bane; disadvantage. Hurter Hurt"er (?), n. One who hurts or does harm. I shall not be a hurter, if no helper. Beau. & Fl. Hurter Hurt"er, n. [F. heurtoir, lit., a striker. See Hurt, v. t.] A butting piece; a strengthening piece, esp.: (Mil.) A piece of wood at the lower end of a platform, designed to prevent the wheels of gun carriages from injuring the parapet. Hurtful Hurt"ful (?), a. Tending to impair or damage; injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss or injury; as, hurtful words or conduct. Syn. -- Pernicious; harmful; baneful; prejudicial; detrimental; disadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious; unwholesome; destructive. -- Hurt"ful*ly, adv. -- Hurt"ful*ness, n. Hurtle Hur"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hurtled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurtling (?).] [OE. hurtlen, freq. of hurten. See Hurt, v. t., and cf. Hurl.] 1. To meet with violence or shock; to clash; to jostle. Together hurtled both their steeds. Fairfax. 2. To move rapidly; to wheel or rush suddenly or with violence; to whirl round rapidly; to skirmish. Now hurtling round, advantage for to take. Spenser. Down the hurtling cataract of the ages. R. L. Stevenson. 3. To make a threatening sound, like the clash of arms; to make a sound as of confused clashing or confusion; to resound. The noise of battle hurtled in the air. Shak. The earthquake sound Hurtling 'death the solid ground. Mrs. Browning. Hurtle Hur"tle (?), v. t. 1. To move with violence or impetuosity; to whirl; to brandish. [Obs.] His harmful club he gan to hurtle high. Spenser. 2. To push; to jostle; to hurl. And he hurtleth with his horse adown. Chaucer. Hurtleberry Hur"tle*ber`ry (?), n. [Cf. Huckleberry, Whortleberry.] See Whortleberry. Hurtless Hurt"less (?), a. Doing no injury; harmless; also, unhurt; without injury or harm. Gentle dame so hurtless and so true. Spenser. -- Hurt"less*ly, adv. -- Hurt"less*ness, n. Husband Hus"band (?), n. [OE. hosebonde, husbonde, a husband, the master of the house or family, AS. h master of the house; h house + bunda, bonda, householder, husband; prob. fr. Icel. h house master, husband; h house + b dwelling, inhabiting, p.pr. of b to dwell; akin to AS. b, Goth. bauan. See House Be, and cf. Bond a slave, Boor.] 1. The male head of a household; one who orders the economy of a family. [Obs.] 2. A cultivator; a tiller; a husbandman. [Obs.] Shak. The painful husband, plowing up his ground. Hakewill. He is the neatest husband for curious ordering his domestic and field accommodations. Evelyn. 3. One who manages or directs with prudence and economy; a frugal person; an economist. [R.] God knows how little time is left me, and may I be a good husband, to improve the short remnant left me. Fuller. 4. A married man; a man who has a wife; -- the correlative to wife. The husband and wife are one person in law. Blackstone. 5. The male of a pair of animals. [R.] Dryden. A ship's husband (Naut.), an agent representing the owners of a ship, who manages its expenses and receipts. Husband Hus"band, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husbanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Husbanding.] 1. To direct and manage with frugality; to use or employ to good purpose and the best advantage; to spend, apply, or use, with economy. For my means, I'll husband them so well, They shall go far. Shak. 2. To cultivate, as land; to till. [R.] Land so trim and rarely husbanded. Evelyn. 3. To furnish with a husband. [R.] Shak. Husbandable Hus"band*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being husbanded, or managed with economy. Sherwood. Husbandage Hus"band*age (?), n. (Naut.) The commission or compensation allowed to a ship's husband. Husbandless Hus"band*less, a. Destitute of a husband. Shak. Husbandly Hus"band*ly, a. Frugal; thrifty. [R.] Tusser. Husbandman Hus"band*man (?), n.; pl. Husbandmen (. 1. The master of a family. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the ground. Husbandry Hus"band*ry (?), n. 1. Care of domestic affairs; economy; domestic management; thrift. There's husbandry in heaven; Their candles are all out. Shak. 2. The business of a husbandman, comprehending the various branches of agriculture; farming. Husbandry supplieth all things necessary for food. Spenser. Hush Hush (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hushing.] [OE. huschen, hussen, prob. of imitative origin; cf. LG. hussen to lull to sleep, G. husch quick, make haste, be silent.] 1. To still; to silence; to calm; to make quiet; to repress the noise or clamor of. My tongue shall hush again this storm of war. Shak. 2. To appease; to allay; to calm; to soothe. With thou, then, Hush my cares? Otway. And hush'd my deepest grief of all. Tennyson. To hush up, to procure silence concerning; to suppress; to keep secret. "This matter is hushed up." Pope. Hush Hush, v. i. To become or to keep still or quiet; to become silent; -- esp. used in the imperative, as an exclamation; be still; be silent or quiet; make no noise. Hush, idle words, and thoughts of ill. Keble. But all these strangers' presence every one did hush. Spenser. Hush Hush, n. Stillness; silence; quiet. [R.] "It is the hush of night." Byron. Hush money, money paid to secure silence, or to prevent the disclosure of facts. Swift. Hush Hush, a. Silent; quiet. "Hush as death." Shak. Husher Hush"er (?), n. An usher. [Obs.] Spenser. Hushing Hush"ing, n. (Mining) The process of washing ore, or of uncovering mineral veins, by a heavy discharge of water from a reservoir; flushing; -- also called booming. Husk Husk (?), n. [Prob. for hulsk, and from the same root as hull a husk. See Hull a husk.] 1. The external covering or envelope of certain fruits or seeds; glume; hull; rind; in the United States, especially applied to the covering of the ears of maize. 2. The supporting frame of a run of millstones. Husks of the prodigal son (Bot.), the pods of the carob tree. See Carob. Husk Husk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Husking.] To strip off the external covering or envelope of; as, to husk Indian corn. Husked Husked (?), a. 1. Covered with a husk. 2. Stripped of husks; deprived of husks. Huskily Hus"ki*ly (?), adv. [From Husky.] In a husky manner; dryly. Huskiness Hus"ki*ness, n. 1. The state of being husky. 2. Roughness of sound; harshness; hoarseness; as, huskiness of voice. G. Eliot. _________________________________________________________________ Page 715 Husking Husk"ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of stripping off husks, as from Indian corn. 2. A meeting of neighbors or friends to assist in husking maize; -- called also husking bee. [U.S.] "A red ear in the husking." Longfellow. Husky Husk"y (?), a. [From Husk, n.] Abounding with husks; consisting of husks. Dryden. Husky Hus"ky (?), a. [Prob. for husty; cf. OE. host cough, AS. hw\'d3sta; akin to D. hoest, G. husten, OHG. huosto, Icel. h\'d3sti. See Wheeze.] Rough in tone; harsh; hoarse; raucous; as, a husky voice. Huso Hu"so (?), n. [NL., fr. G. hausen, and E. isin (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large European sturgeon (Acipenser huso), inhabiting the region of the Black and Caspian Seas. It sometimes attains a length of more than twelve feet, and a weight of two thousand pounds. Called also hausen.<-- = the beluga, source of the best caviar --> (b) The huchen, a large salmon. Hussar Hus*sar" (?), n. [Hung. husz\'a0r, from husz twenty, because under King Matthais I., in the fifteenth century, every twenty houses were to furnish one horse soldier; cf. G. husar, F. houssard, hussard, from the same source.] (Mil.) Originally, one of the national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia; now, one of the light cavalry of European armies. Hussite Huss"ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of John Huss, the Bohemian reformer, who was adjudged a heretic and burnt alive in 1415. Hussy Hus"sy (?), n. [Contr. fr. huswife.] 1. A housewife or housekeeper. [Obs.] 2. A worthless woman or girl; a forward wench; a jade; -- used as a term of contempt or reproach. Grew. 3. A pert girl; a frolicsome or sportive young woman; -- used jocosely. Goldsmith. Hussy Hus"sy, n. [From Icel. h a case, prob. fr. h house. See House, and cf. Housewife a bag, Huswife a bag.] A case or bag. See Housewife, 2. Hustings Hus"tings (?), n. pl. [OE. husting an assembly, coucil, AS. h; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. h; h home + thing, assembly, meeting; akin to Dan. & Sw. ting, E. thing. See House, and Thing.] 1. A court formerly held in several cities of England; specif., a court held in London, before the lord mayor, recorder, and sheriffs, to determine certain classes of suits for the recovery of lands within the city. In the progress of law reform this court has become unimportant. Mozley & W. 2. Any one of the temporary courts held for the election of members of the British Parliament. 3. The platform on which candidates for Parliament formerly stood in addressing the electors. [Eng.] When the rotten hustings shake In another month to his brazen lies. Tennyson. Hustle Hus"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hustled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hustling (?).] [D. hustelen to shake, fr. husten to shake. Cf. Hotchpotch.] To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd rudely; to handle roughly; as, to hustle a person out of a room. Macaulay. Hustle Hus"tle, v. i. To push or crows; to force one's way; to move hustily and with confusion; a hurry. Leaving the king, who had hustled along the floor with his dress worfully arrayed. Sir W. Scott. Huswife Hus"wife (?), n. [OE. huswif; hus house + wif wife. Cf. Hussy a housewife, Housewife.] [Written also housewife.] 1. A female housekeeper; a woman who manages domestic affairs; a thirfty woman. "The bounteous huswife Nature." Shak. The huswife is she that do labor doth fall. Tusser. 2. A worthless woman; a hussy. [Obs.] Shak. 3. [See Hussy a bag.] A case for sewing materials. See Housewife. Cowper. Huswife Hus"wife, v. t. To manage with frugality; -- said of a woman. Dryden. Huswifely Hus"wife*ly, a. Like a huswife; capable; economical; prudent. -- adv. In a huswifely manner. Huswifery Hus"wife*ry (?), n. The business of a housewife; female domestic economy and skill. Tusser. Hut Hut (?), n. [OE. hotte; akin to D. hut, G. h\'81tte, OHG. hutta, Dan. hytte, Sw. hydda; and F. hutte, of G. origin; all akin to E. hide to conceal. See Hude to conceal.] A small house, hivel, or cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary structure. Death comes on with equal footsteps To the hall and hut. Bp. Coxe. Hutch Hutch (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hutting.] To place in huts; to live in huts; as, to hut troops in winter quarters. The troops hutted among the heights of Morristown. W. Irving. Hutch Hutch (?), n. [OE. hucche, huche, hoche, F. huche, LL. hutica.] 1. A chest, box, coffer, bin, coop, or the like, in which things may be stored, or animals kept; as, a grain hutch; a rabbit hutch. 2. A measure of two Winchester bushels. 3. (Mining) The case of a flour bolt. 4. (Mining) (a) A car on low wheels, in which coal is drawn in the mine and hoisted out of the pit. (b) A jig for washing ore. Bolting hutch, Booby hutch, etc. See under Bolting, etc. Hutch Hutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hutched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hutching.] 1. To hoard or lay up, in a chest. [R.] "She hutched the . . . ore." Milton. 2. (Mining) To wash (ore) in a box or jig. Hutchunsonian Hutch`un*so"ni*an (?), n. A follower of John Hutchinson of Yorkshire, England, who believed that the Hebrew Scriptures contained a complete system of natural science and of theology. Huttonian Hut*to"ni*an (?), a. Relating to what is now called the Plutonic theory of the earth, first advanced by Dr. James Hutton. Lyell. Huxter Hux"ter (?), n. & v. i. See Huckster. Huyghenian Huy*ghe"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Christian Huyghens, a Dutch astronomer of the seventeenth century; as, the Huyghenian telescope. Huyghenian eyepieceSee under Eyepiece. Huzz Huzz (?), v. i. [An onomatop\'d2a. &root;43. Cf. Buzz.] To buzz; to murmur. [Obs.] Huzzing and burring in the preacher's ear. Latimer. Huzza Huz*za" (?), interj. [Cf. G. hussa, husa, interj., hurrah, huzza. &root;43. Cf. Hurrah.] A word used as a shout of joy, exultation, approbation, or encouragement. Huzza Huz"za, n. A shout of huzza; a cheer; a hurrah. They made a great huzza or shout. Evelyn. Huzza Huz*za", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huzzaed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huzzaing.] To shout huzza; to cheer. Huzza Huz*za", v. t. To receive or attend with huzzas. He was huzzaed into the court. Addison. Hy Hy (?), a. High. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hyacine Hy"a*cine (?), n. A hyacinth. [Obs.] Spenser. Hyacinth Hy"a*cinth (?), n. [L. hyacinthus a kind of flower, prob. the iris, gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire; as, a proper name, Hyacinthus, a beautiful Laconian youth, beloved by Apollo, fr. Gr. hyacinthe. Cf. Jacinth. The hyacinth was fabled to have sprung from the blood of Hyacinthus, who was accidentally slain by Apollo.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. H. orientalis is a common variety. (b) A plant of the genus Camassia (C. Farseri), called also Eastern camass; wild hyacinth. (c) The name also given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; -- called also, from a mistake as to its origin, Hyacinth of Peru. 2. (Min.) A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. See Zircon. Hyacinth bean (Bot.), a climbing leguminous plant (Dolichos Lablab), related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit. Hyacinthian Hy`a*cin"thi*an (?), a. Hyacinthine. [R.] Hyacinthine Hy`a*cin"thine (?), a. [L. hyacinthinus, Gr. Belonging to the hyacinth; resemblingthe hyacinth; in color like the hyacinth. Milton. His curling locks like hyacinthine flowers. Cowper. The hyacinthine boy, for whom Morn well might break and April bloom. Emerson. Hyades, Hyads Hy"a*des (?), Hy"ads (?), n.pl. [L. Hyades, Gr. (Astron.) A cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus, supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather when they rose with the sun. Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyaned Vext the dim sea. Tennyson. Hy\'91na Hy*\'91"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hyena. Hyalea Hy*a"le*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A pteroid of the genus Cavolina. See Pteropoda, and Illustration in Appendix. Hyalescence Hy`a*les"cence (?), n. [See Hyaline.] The process of becoming, or the state of being, transparent like glass. Hyaline Hy"a*line (?), a. [L. hyalinus, Gr. hyalin.] Glassy; resembling glass; consisting of glass; transparent, like crystal. "Hyaline spaces." Carpenter. Hyaline Hy"a*line, n. 1. A poetic term for the sea or the atmosphere. "The clear hyaline, the glassy sea." Milton. Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm hyaline. Mrs. Browning. 2. (Biol.) The pellucid substance, present in cells in process of development, from which, according to some embryologists, the cell nucleous originates. 3. (Physiol. Chem.) The main constituent of the walls of hydatid cysts; a nitrogenous body, which, by decomposition, yields a dextrogyrate sugar, susceptible of alcoholic fermentation. Gamgee. Hyalite Hy"a*lite (?), n. [Gr. hyalite.] (Min.) A pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless gum or resin; -- called also M\'81ller's glass. Hyalograph Hy*al"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. graph.] An instrument for tracing designs on glass. Hyalography Hy`a*log"ra*phy (?), n. Art of writing or engraving on glass. Hyaloid Hy"a*loid (?), a. [Gr. hyalo\'8bde.] (Anat.) Resembling glass; vitriform; transparent; hyaline; as, the hyaloid membrane, a very delicate membrane inclosing the vitreous humor of the eye. Hyalonema Hy`a*lo*ne"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem composed of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres twisted together like the strands of a color. The stem of the Japanese species (H. Sieboldii), called glass-rope, has long been in use as an ornament. See Glass-rope. Hyalophane Hy*al"o*phane (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A species of the feldspar group containing barium. See Feldspar. Hyalospongia Hy`a*lo*spon"gi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of vitreous sponges, having glassy six-rayed, siliceous spicules; -- called also Hexactinellin\'91. Hyalotype Hy*al"o*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] A photographic picture copied from the negative on glass; a photographic transparency. R. Hunt. Hybernacle, Hybernate, Hybernation Hy*ber"na*cle (?), Hy"ber*nate (?), Hy`ber*na"tion (?).See Hibernacle, Hibernate, Hibernation. Hybl\'91an Hy*bl\'91"an (?), a. [L. Hyblaeus.] Pertaining to Hybla, an ancient town of Sicily, famous for its bees. Hybodont Hyb"o*dont (?), a. [Gr. (Paleon.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks (Hybodus), especially in the form of the teeth, which consist of a principal median cone with smaller lateral ones. Hybodus Hyb"o*dus (?), n. [NL. See Hybodont.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of sharks having conical, compressed teeth. Hybrid Hy"brid (?), n. [L. hybrida, hibrida, prob. allied to Gr. over: cf. F. hybride.] (Biol.) The offspring of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced from the mixture of two species. See Mongrel. Hybrid Hy"brid, a. Produced from the mixture of two species; as, plants of hybrid nature. Hybridism Hy"brid*ism (?), n. The state or quality of being hybrid. Hybridist Hy"brid*ist, n. One who hybridizes. Hybridity Hy*brid"i*ty (?), n. Hybridism. Hybridizable Hy"brid*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of forming a hybrid, or of being subjected to a hybridizing process; capable of producing a hybrid by union with another species or stock. Hybridizable genera are rarer than is generally supposed, even in gardens where they are so often operated upon, under circumstances most favorable to the production of hybrids. J. D. Hooker. Hybridization Hy`brid*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized. Hybridize Hy"brid*i`ze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hybridized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hybridizing (?).] To render hybrid; to produce by mixture of stocks. Hybridizer Hy"brid*i`zer (?), n. One who hybridizes. Hybridous Hy"brid*ous (?), a. Same as Hybrid. Hydage Hyd"age (?), n. (Law) A land tax. See Hidage. Hydantoic Hy`dan*to"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydantoin. See Glycoluric. Hydantoin Hy*dan"to*in (?), n. [Hydrogen + allantion.] (Chem.) A derivative of urea, C3H4N2O2, obtained from allantion, as a white, crystalline substance, with a sweetish taste; -- called also glycolyl urea. Hydatid Hy"da*tid (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water: cf. F. hydatide.] (Zo\'94l.) A membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found in various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, esp. by larval tapeworms, as Echinococcus and C\'d2nurus. See these words in the Vocabulary. Hydatid of Morgagni (Anat.), one of the small pedunculated bodies found between the testicle and the head of the epididymis, and supposed to be a remnant of the M\'81llerian duct. Hydatiform Hy*dat"i*form (?), a. [Hydatid + -form.] Resembling a hydatid. Hydatoid Hy"da*toid (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling water; watery; aqueous; hyaloid. Hydr- Hy"dr- (?). See under Hydro-. Hydra Hy"dra (?), n.; pl. E. Hydras (#), L. Hydr\'91 (#). [L. hydra, Gr. "y`dra; akin to "y`dwr water. See Otter the animal, Water.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A serpent or monster in the lake or marsh of Lerna, in the Peloponnesus, represented as having many heads, one of which, when cut off, was immediately succeeded by two others, unless the wound was cauterized. It was slain by Hercules. Hence, a terrible monster. Gorgons, and Hydras, and Chimeras dire. Milton. 2. Hence: A multifarious evil, or an evil having many sources; not to be overcome by a single effort. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Any small fresh-water hydroid of the genus Hydra, usually found attached to sticks, stones, etc., by a basal sucker. NOTE: &hand; Th e bo dy is a si mple tu be, having a mouth at one extremity, surrounded by a circle of tentacles with which it captures its prey. Young hydras bud out from the sides of the older ones, but soon become detached and are then like their parent. Hydras are remarkable for their power of repairing injuries; for if the body be divided in pieces, each piece will grow into a complete hydra, to which fact the name alludes. The zooids or hydranths of marine hydroids are sometimes called hydras. 4. (Astron.) A southern constellation of great length lying southerly from Cancer, Leo, and Virgo. Hydrachnid Hy*drach"nid (?), n. [Hydr- + arachnid.] (Zo\'94l.) An aquatic mite of the genus Hydrachna. The hydrachids, while young, are parasitic on fresh-water mussels. Hydracid Hy*drac"id (?), n. [Hydr- + acid: cf. F. hydracide.] (Chem.) An acid containing hydrogen; -- sometimes applied to distinguish acids like hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and the like, which contain no oxygen, from the oxygen acids or oxacids. See Acid. Hydracrylic Hy`dra*cryl"ic (?), a. [Hydr- + acrylic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric variety of lastic acid that breaks down into acrylic acid and water. Hydractinian Hy`drac*tin"i*an (?), n. [See Hydra, and Actinia.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species or marine hydroids, of the genus Hydractinia and allied genera. These hydroids form, by their rootstalks, a firm, chitinous coating on shells and stones, and esp. on spiral shells occupied by hermit crabs. See Illust. of Athecata. _________________________________________________________________ Page 716 Hydr\'91mia Hy*dr\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.) An abnormally watery state of the blood; an\'91mia. Hydragogue Hy"dra*gogue (?), a. [L. hydragogus conveying off water, Gr. "y`dwr water + hydragogue.] (Med.) Causing a discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any part of the body, as in dropsy. -- n. A hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or diuretic. Hydramide Hy*dram"ide (?), n. [Hydr- + -amide.] (Chem.) One of a group of crystalline bodies produced by the action of ammonia on certain aldehydes. Hydramine Hy*dram"ine (?), n. [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) One of a series of artificial, organic bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by the action of ammonia on ethylene oxide. They have the properties both of alcohol and amines. Hydrangea Hy*dran"ge*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + hydrang\'82e.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors. H. hortensis, the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan. Hydrant Hy"drant (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water. See Hydra.] A discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from the mains of waterworks; a water plug. Hydranth Hy"dranth (?), n. [Hydra + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the nutritive zooids of a hydroid colony. Also applied to the proboscis or manubrium of a hydroid medusa. See Illust. of Hydroidea. Hydrargochloride Hy*drar"go*chlo"ride (?), n. [Hydrargyrum + chloride.] (Chem.) A compound of the bichloride of mercury with another chloride. [Obs.] Hydrargyrate Hy*drar"gy*rate (?), a. Of or pertaining to mercury; containing, or impregnated with, mercury. [R.] Hydrargyrism Hy*drar"gy*rism (?), n. (Med.) A diseased condition produced by poisoning with hydrargyrum, or mercury; mercurialism. Hydrargyrum Hy*drar"gy*rum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hydrargyrus, Gr. (Chem.) Quicksilver; mercury. Hydrarthrosis Hy`drar*thro"sis (?), n. [NL. See Hydro-, 1, and Arthrosis.] (Med.) An effusion of watery liquid into the cavity of a joint. Hydrastine Hy*dras"tine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid, found in the rootstock of the golden seal (Hydrastis Canadensis), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. It is used as a tonic and febrifuge. Hydra-tainted Hy"dra-taint`ed (?), a. Dipped in the gall of the fabulous hydra; poisonous; deadly. Cowper. Hydrate Hy"drate (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. F. hydrate.] (Chem.) (a) A compound formed by the union of water with some other substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts. (b) A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or slaked lime. Hydrate Hy"drate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrating (?).] To form into a hydrate; to combine with water. Hydrated Hy"dra*ted (?), a. Formed into a hydrate; combined with water. Hydration Hy*dra"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of becoming, or state of being, a hydrate. Water of hydration (Chem.), water chemically combined with some substance to form a hydrate; -- distinguished from water of crystallization. Hydraulic Hy*drau"lic (?), a. [F. hydraulique, L. hydraulicus, fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + Hydra.] Of or pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; as, an hydraulic clock, crane, or dock. Hydraulic accumulator, an accumulator for hydraulic machinery of any kind. See Accumulator, 2. -- Hydraulic brake, a cataract. See Cataract, 3. -- Hydraulic cement, a cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime, which will harden under water. -- Hydraulic elevator, a lift operated by the weight or pressure of water. -- Hydraulic jack. See under Jack. -- Hydraulic lime, quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and used for cementing under water, etc. -- Hydraulic limestone, a limestone which contains some clay, and which yields a quicklime that will set, or form a firm, strong mass, under water. -- Hydraulic main (Gas Works), a horizontal pipe containing water at the bottom into which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for passing the gas through water in order to remove ammonia. -- Hydraulic mining, a system of mining in which the force of a jet of water is used to wash down a bank of gold-bearing gravel or earth. [Pacific Coast] -- Hydraulic press, a hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic. -- Hydraulic propeller, a device for propelling ships by means of a stream of water ejected under water rearward from the ship. -- Hydraulic ram, a machine for raising water by means of the energy of the moving water of which a portion is to be raised. When the rush of water through the main pipe d shuts the valve at a, the momentum of the current thus suddenly checked forces part of it into the air chamber b, and up the pipe c, its return being prevented by a valve at the entrance to the air chamber, while the dropping of the valve a by its own weight allows another rush through the main pipe, and so on alternately. -- Hydraulic valve. (Mach.) (a) A valve for regulating the distribution of water in the cylinders of hydraulic elevators, cranes, etc. (b) (Gas Works) An inverted cup with a partition dipping into water, for opening or closing communication between two gas mains, the open ends of which protrude about the water. Hydraulical Hy*drau"lic*al (?), a. Hydraulic. Hydraulicon Hy*drau"li*con (?), n. [NL. See Hydraulic.] (Mus.) An ancient musical instrument played by the action of water; a water organ. [Written also hydraulis.] Hydraulics Hy*drau"lics (?), n. [Cf. F. hydraulique.] That branch of science, or of engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the like. NOTE: &hand; As a sc ience, hydraulics includes hydrodynamics, or the principles of mechanics applicable to the motion of water; as a branch of engineering, it consists in the practical application of the mechanics of fluids to the control and management of water with reference to the wants of man, including canals, waterworks, hydraulic machines, pumps, water wheels, etc. Some writers treat hydraulics and hydrostatics as subdivisions of hydrodynamics. Hydrazine Hy"dra*zine (?), n. [Hydr- + azo- + -ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; as, methyl hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, etc. They are derivatives of hydrazine proper, H2N.NH2, which is a doubled amido group, recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas, with a peculiar, irritating odor. As a base it forms distinct salts. Called also diamide, amidogen, (or more properly diamidogen), etc. Hydrencephsloid Hy"dren*ceph"s*loid (?), a. [Hydrencephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Same as Hydrocephaloid. Hydria Hy"dri*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A water jar; esp., one with a large rounded body, a small neck, and three handles. Some of the most beautiful Greek vases are of this form. Hydriad Hy"dri*ad (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water.] (Myth.) A water nymph. Hydric Hy"dric (?), a. [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen; as, hydric oxide. Hydric dioxide. (Chem.) See Hydrogen dioxide, under Hydrogen. -- Hydric oxide (Chem.), water. -- Hydric sulphate (Chem.), hydrogen sulphate or sulphuric acid. Hydride Hy"dride (?), n. [Hydr- + ide.] (Chem.) A compound of the binary type, in which hydrogen is united with some other element.<-- spec., with a more electropositive element --> <-- lithium hydride. A hydride of lithium, LiH, commonly used as a powerful reducing agent in organic chemistry --> Hydriform Hy"dri*form (?), a. [Hydra + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the form or structure of a hydra. Hydrina Hy*dri"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hydra.] (Zo\'94l.) The group of hydroids to which the fresh-water hydras belong. Hydriodate Hy*dri"o*date (?), n. [Cf. F. hydriodate.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hydriodide. Hydriodic Hy`dri*od"ic (?), a. [Hydr- + iodic: cf. F. hydriodique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of an acid produced by the combination of these elements. Hydriodic acid (Chem.), a pungent, colorless gas, HI, usually prepared as a solution in water. It is strong reducing agent. Called also hydrogen iodine. Hydriodide Hy*dri"o*dide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydriodic acid with a base; -- distinguished from an iodide, in which only the iodine combines with the base. Hydro-, Hydr- Hy"dro- (?), Hy"dr-. 1. A combining form from Gr. Hydra). 2. (Chem.) A combining form of hydrogen, indicating hydrogen as an ingredient, as hydrochloric; or a reduction product obtained by hydrogen, as hydroquinone. Hydrobarometer Hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + barometer.] An instrument for determining the depth of the sea water by its pressure. Hydrobilirubin Hy`dro*bil`i*ru"bin (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + bilirubin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin. Hydrobranchiata Hy`dro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Zo\'94l.) An extensive artificial division of gastropod mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as contrasted with the Pulmonifera. -- Hy`dro*bran"chi*ate (#), a. Hydrobromate Hy`dro*bro"mate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrobromide. Hydrobromic Hy`dro*bro"mic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + bromic.] (Chem.) Composed of hydrogen and bromine; as, hydrobromic acid. Hydrobromic acid (Chem.), a colorless, pungent, corrosive gas, HBr, usually collected as a solution in water. It resembles hydrochloric acid, but is weaker and less stable. Called also hydrogen bromide. Hydrobromide Hy`dro*bro"mide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrobromic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a bromide, in which only the bromine unites with the base.<-- analogous to hydrochloride or hydriodide --> Hydrocarbon Hy`dro*car"bon (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbon.] (Chem.) A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives. Hydrocarbon burner, furnace, stove, a burner, furnace, or stove with which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used. Hydrocarbonaceous Hy`dro*car`bo*na"ceous (?), a. Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbonate Hy`dro*car"bon*ate (?), n. (a) (Old Chem.) A hydrocarbon. [Obs.] (b) (Chem.) A hydrous carbonate, as malachite. Hydrocarbostyril Hy`dro*car`bo*sty"ril (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbostyril.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C9H9NO, obtained from certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and carbostyril. Hydrocarburet Hy`dro*car"bu*ret (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carburet.] (Chem.) Carbureted hydrogen; also, a hydrocarbon. [Obs.] Hydrocaulus Hy`dro*cau"lus (?), n.; pl. Hydrocauli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Zo\'94l.) The hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or branched. See Illust. of Gymnoblastea and Hydroidea. Hydrocele Hy`dro*cele (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.) A collection of serous fluid in the areolar texture of the scrotum or in the coverings, especially in the serous sac, investing the testicle or the spermatic cord; dropsy of the testicle. Hydrocephalic Hy`dro*ce*phal"ic (?), a. Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain. Hydrocephaloid Hy`dro*ceph"a*loid (?), a. [Hydrocephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling hydrocephalus. Hydrocephaloid affection (Med.), the group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in young children, resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or tubercular meningitis. Hydrocephalous Hy`dro*ceph"a*lous (?), a. Having hydrocephalus. "Hydrocephalous offspring." G. Eliot. Hydrocephalus Hy`dro*ceph"a*lus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.) An accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. It is due usually to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously. Hydrochlorate Hy`dro*chlo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrochloride. Hydrochloric Hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + hloric: cf. F. hydrochlorique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; as, hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric. Hydrochloric acid (Chem.), hydrogen chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, HCl, of pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities in the soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a strong solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is an indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work. Called also muriatic, AND chlorhydric, acid. Hydrochloride Hy`dro*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; -- distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base. Hydrocorallia Hy`dro*co*ral"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and Coral.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony coral, as Millepora and Stylaster. Two forms of zooids in life project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other hydroids. See Millepora. Hydrocyanate Hy`dro*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) See Hydrocyanide. Hydrocyanic Hy`dro*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + anic: cf. F. hydrocyanique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen and cyanogen. Hydrocyanic acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HCN, having a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of the most deadly poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid on yellow prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and chemically resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also prussic acid, hydrogen cyanide, etc. Hydrocyanide Hy`dro*cy"a*nide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a cyanide, in which only the cyanogen so combines. Hydrodynamic, Hydrodynamical Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic (?), Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic*al (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamic, -ical: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power. Hydrodynamic friction, friction produced by the viscosity of a liquid in motion. Hydrodynamics Hy`dro*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamics: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] That branch of the science of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids. NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rd is so metimes us ed as a ge neral te rm, including both hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with pneumatics and acoustics. See Hydraulics. Hydrodynamometer Hy`dro*dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamometer.] An instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by the force of its impact. Hydro-electric Hy`dro-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + electric.] Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used. Hydro-electric machine (Physics), an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which the steam is produced. Hydro-extractor Hy`dro-ex*tract"or (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + extractor.] An apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a centrifugal. Hydroferricyanic Hy`dro*fer`ri*cy*an"ic (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + ferricyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferricyanic acid. See Ferricyanic. Hydroferrocyanic Hy`dro*fer`ro*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + ferrocyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferrous iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferrocyanic acid. See Ferrocyanic. Hydrofluate Hy`dro*flu"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid and a base; a fluoride. [Archaic] Hydrofluoric Hy`dro*flu*or"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + fluoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen and fluorine; fluohydric; as, hydrofluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HF, very corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent, suffocating odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid on fluorite, and is usually collected as a solution in water. It attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain, is the agent employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in vessels of platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha. _________________________________________________________________ Page 717 Hydrofluosilicate Hy`dro*flu`o*sil"i*cate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a silicofluoride. See Silicofluoride. Hydrofluosilicic Hy`dro*flu`o*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + fluorine + silicic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or denoting, a compound consisting of a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See Silicofluoric. Hydrogalvanic Hy`dro*gal*van"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + galvanic.] Pertaining to, produced by, or consisting of, electricity evolved by the action or use of fluids; as, hydrogalvanic currents. [R.] Hydrogen Hy"dro*gen (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -gen: cf. F. hydrog\'8ane. So called because water is generated by its combustion. See Hydra.] (Chem.) A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.<-- At. wt. = 1.008 using carbon as 12.000 --> NOTE: &hand; Al though a gas, hydrogen is chemically similar to the metals in its nature, having the properties of a weak base. It is, in all acids, the base which is replaced by metals and basic radicals to form salts. Like all other gases, it is condensed by great cold and pressure to a liquid which freezes and solidifies by its own evaporation. It is absorbed in large quantities by certain metals (esp. palladium), forming alloy-like compounds; hence, in view of quasi-metallic nature, it is sometimes called hydrogenium. It is the typical reducing agent, as opposed to oxidizers, as oxygen, chlorine, etc. Bicarbureted hydrogen, an old name for ethylene. -- Carbureted hydrogen gas. See under Carbureted. -- Hydrogen dioxide, a thick, colorless liquid, H2O2, resembling water, but having a bitter, sour taste, produced by the action of acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into water and oxygen, and is manufactured in large quantities for an oxidizing and bleaching agent. Called also oxygenated water.<-- usually "hydrogen peroxide", or "peroxide" in weak solutions used as an antiseptic--> -- Hydrogen oxide, a chemical name for water, H -- Hydrogen sulphide, a colorless inflammable gas, H2S, having the characteristic odor of bad eggs, and found in many mineral springs. It is produced by the action of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important chemical reagent. Called also sulphureted hydrogen. Hydrogenate Hy"dro*gen*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenating (?).] (Chem.) To hydrogenize. Hydrogenation Hy`dro*gen*a"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of combining with hydrogen, or the state of being so combined. Hydrogenide Hy"dro*gen*ide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. [R.] See Hydride. Hydrogenium Hy`dro*ge"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Hydrogen; -- called also in view of its supposed metallic nature. Graham. Hydrogenize Hy"dro*gen*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenizing (?).] (Chem.) To combine with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of, hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with oxidize. Hydrogenous Hy*drog"e*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen. Hydrognosy Hy*drog"no*sy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. A treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of the earth. Hydrogode Hy"drog*ode (?), n. [Hydrogen + Gr. (Elec.) The negative pole or cathode. [R.] Hydrographer Hy*drog"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps or charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent shores; one who describes the sea or other waters. Boyle. Hydrographic, Hydrographical Hy`dro*graph"ic (?), Hy`dro*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to hydrography. Hydrography Hy*drog"ra*phy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -graphy: cf. F. hydrographie.] 1. The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters, with their phenomena. 2. That branch of surveying which embraces the determination of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water, the depth of soundings, the position of channels and shoals, with the construction of charts exhibiting these particulars. Hydroguret Hy*drog"u*ret (?), n. [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.) A hydride. [Obs.] Hydroid Hy"droid (?), a. [Hydra + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Related to, or resembling, the hydra; of or pertaining to the Hydroidea. -- n. One of the Hydroideas. Hydroidea Hy*droi"de*a, n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of Hydrozoa or Acaleph\'91. [Written also Hydroida.] NOTE: &hand; Th is or der includes the hydras and the free-swimming hydromedus\'91, together with a great variety of marine attached hydroids, many of which grow up into large, elegantly branched forms, consisting of a vast number of zooids (hydranths, gonophores, etc.), united by hollow stems. All the zooids of a colony are produced from one primary zooid, by successive buddings. The Siphonophora have also been included in this order by some writers. See Gymnoblastea, Hydromedusa, Gonosome, Gonotheca. Hydrokinetic Hy`dro*ki*net"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + kinetic.] Of or pertaining to the motions of fluids, or the forces which produce or affect such motions; -- opposed to hydrostatic. Sir W. Thomson. Hydrological Hy`dro*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrology. Hydrologist Hy*drol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in hydrology. Hydrology Hy*drol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -logy: cf. F. hydrologie.] The science of water, its properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth's surface. Hydrolytic Hy`dro*lyt"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. (Chem.) Tending to remove or separate water; eliminating water. Hydrolytic agents, such as sulphuric acid or caustic alkali. Encyc. Brit. Hydrolitic ferment (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment, enzyme, or chemical ferment, which acts only in the presence of water, and which causes the substance acted upon to take up a molecule of water. Thus, diastase of malt, ptyalin of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric acid all convert starch by hydration into dextrin and sugar. Nearly all of the digestive ferments are hydrolytic in their action.<-- = hydrolase (after 1910) --> Hydromagnesite Hy`dro*mag"ne*site (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + magnesite.] (Min.) A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, early, amorphous masses. Hydromancy Hy"dro*man`cy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -mancy: cf. F. hydromancie.] Divination by means of water, -- practiced by the ancients. Hydromantic Hy`dro*man"tic (?), a. [Cf. F. hydromantique.] Of or pertaining to divination by water. Hydromechanics Hy`dro*me*chan"ics (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + mechanics.] That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion. Hydromedusa Hy`dro*me*du"sa (?), n.; pl. Hydromedus\'91 (#). [NL. See Hydra, and Medusa.] (Zo\'94l.) Any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding from a hydroid. They are called also Craspedota, and naked-eyed medus\'91. NOTE: &hand; Su ch me dus\'91 ar e th e re productive zo oids or gonophores, either male or female, of the hydroid from which they arise, whether they become free or remain attached to the hydroid colony. They in turn produce the eggs from which the hydroids are developed. The name is also applied to other similar medus\'91 which are not known to bud from a hydroid colony, and even to some which are known to develop directly from the eggs, but which in structure agree essentially with those produced from hydroids. See Hydroidea, and Gymnoblastea. Hydromel Hy"dro*mel (?), n. [L. hydromel, hydromeli, Gr. hydromel.] A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation called mead. Hydromellonic Hy`dro*mel*lon"ic (?), a. See Cyamellone. Hydrometallurgical Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores. -- Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al*ly, adv. Hydrometallurgy Hy`dro*met"al*lur`gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + metallurgy.] The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of liquid reagents. Hydrometeor Hy`dro*me"te*or (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + meteor.] A meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of water; -- in the pl., a general term for the whole aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail, etc. Nichol. Hydrometeorological Hy`dro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds, storms, etc. Hydrometeorology Hy`dro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + meteorology.] That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of, water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow, hail, storms, etc. Hydrometer Hy*drom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -meter: cf. F. hydrom\'8atre.] 1. (Physics) An instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc. NOTE: &hand; It is usually made of glass with a graduated stem, and indicates the specific gravity of a liquid by the depth to which it sinks in it, the zero of the scale marking the depth to which it sinks in pure water. Extra weights are sometimes used to adapt the scale to liquids of different densities. 2. An instrument, variously constructed, used for measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc., and called by various specific names according to its construction or use, as tachometer, rheometer, hydrometer, pendulum, etc.; a current gauge. Hydrometric, Hydrometrical Hy`dro*met"ric (?), Hy`dro*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hydrom\'8atrique.] 1. Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination of the specific gravity of fluids. 2. Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity, discharge, etc., of running water. 3. Made by means of an hydrometer; as, hydrometric observations. Hydrometric pendulum, a species of hydrometer consisting of a hollow ball of ivory or metal suspended by a treated from the center of a graduated quadrant, and held in a stream to measure the velocity of the water by the inclination given to the thread; a kind of current gauge. Hydrometrograph Hy`dro*met"ro*graph (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. graph.] An instrument for determining and recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time. Hydrometry Hy*drom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. hydrom\'8atrique.] 1. The art of determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc. 2. The art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of running water, as in rivers, etc. Hydromica Hy`dro*mi"ca (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + mica.] (Min.) A variety of potash mica containing water. It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite. Hydromica schist (Min.), a mica schist characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a silky luster and almost soapy feel. Hydronephrosis Hy`dro*ne*phro"sis (?), n. [NL., Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.) An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney, occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages. Hydropath Hy"dro*path (?), n. [Cf. F. hydropathe.] A hydropathist. Hydropathic, Hydropathical Hy`dro*path"ic (?), Hy`dro*path"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydropathy. Hydropathist Hy*drop"a*thist (?), n. One who practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor. Hydropathy Hy*drop"a*thy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and frequent use of pure water, both internally and externally. Hydroperitoneum Hy`dro*per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [NL. See Hydro-, and Peritoneum.] (Med.) Same as Ascites. Hydrophane Hy"dro*phane (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. hydrophane.] (Min.) A semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or transparent on immersion in water. Hydrophanous Hy*droph"a*nous (?), a. (Min.) Made transparent by immersion in water. Hydrophid Hy"dro*phid (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any sea snake of the genus Hydrophys and allied genera. These snakes are venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for swimming. Hydrophlorone Hy`dro*phlo"rone (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + phlorone.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline benzene derivative, C8H10O2, obtained by the reduction of phlorone. Hydrophobia Hy`dro*pho"bi*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + hydrophobie.] (Med.) (a) An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine madness; hence: (b) The disease caused by a bite form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature, of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and construction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies; canine madness. [Written also hydrophoby.] Hydrophobic Hy`dro*phob"ic (?), a. [L. hydrophobicus, Gr. hydrophobique.] Of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; as, hydrophobic symptoms; the hydrophobic poison. Hydrophoby Hy"dro*pho`by (?), n. See Hydrophobia. Hydrophora Hy*droph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Hydroidea. Hydrophore Hy"dro*phore (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water + An instrument used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean. Hydrophyllium Hy`dro*phyl"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrophyllia (#), E. Hydrophylliums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Zo\'94l.) One of the flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other zooids of certain Siphonophora. Hydrophyte Hy"dro*phyte (?), n. [Gr. hydrophyte.] An aquatic plant; an alga. Hydrophytology Hy*droph`y*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro- + phyte + -logy.] The branch of botany which treats of water plants. Hydropic, Hydropical Hy*drop"ic (?), Hy*drop"ic*al (?), a. [L. hydropicus, Gr. hydropique. See Dropsy.] Dropsical, or resembling dropsy. Every lust is a kind of hydropic distemper, and the more we drink the more we shall thirst. Tillotson. Hydropically Hy*drop"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hydropical manner. Hydropiper Hy"dro*pi`per (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + L. piper a pepper.] (Bot.) A species (Polygonum Hydropiper) of knotweed with acrid foliage; water pepper; smartweed. Hydropneumatic Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + pneumatic: cf. F. hydropneumatique.] Pertaining to, or depending upon, both liquid and gaseous substances; as, hydropneumatic apparatus for collecting gases over water or other liquids. Hydropsy Hy"drop`sy (?), n. Same as Dropsy. Hydropult Hy"dro*pult (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. A machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a fire extinguisher, etc. Hydroquinone Hy`dro*qui"none (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + quinone.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, obtained by the reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also dihydroxy benzene. Hydrorhiza Hy`dro*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrorhiz\'91 (#), E. Hydrorhizas (#). [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The rootstock or decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached to other objects. See Illust. under Hydroidea. Hydrosalt Hy"dro*salt` (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + salt.] (Chem.) (a) A salt supposed to be formed by a hydracid and a base. (b) An acid salt. [R.] (c) A hydrous salt; a salt combined with water of hydration or crystallization. _________________________________________________________________ Page 718 Hydroscope Hy"dro*scope (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -scope.] 1. An instrument designed to mark the presence of water, especially in air. Weale. 2. A kind of water clock, used anciently for measuring time, the water tricking from an orifice at the end of a graduated tube. Hydrosome, Hydrosoma Hy"dro*some (?), Hy`dro*so"ma (?), n. [NL. hydrosoma. See Hydra, and -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) All the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds. Hydrosorbic Hy`dro*sor"bic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + sorbic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up hydrogen; as, hydrosorbic acid. Hydrostat Hy"dro*stat (?), n. A contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam boilers. Hydrostatic, Hydrostatical Hy`dro*stat"ic (?), Hy`dro*stat"ic*al (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. hydrostatique. See Static.] Of or relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of the equilibrium of fluids. The first discovery made in hydrostatics since the time of Archimedes is due to Stevinus. Hallam. Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing substances in water, for the purpose of ascertaining their specific gravities. -- Hydrostatic bed, a water bed. -- Hydrostatic bellows, an apparatus consisting of a water-tight bellowslike case with a long, upright tube, into which water may be poured to illustrate the hydrostatic paradox. -- Hydrostatic paradox, the proposition in hydrostatics that any quantity of water, however small, may be made to counterbalance any weight, however great; or the law of the equality of pressure of fluids in all directions. -- Hydrostatic press, a machine in which great force, with slow motion, is communicated to a large plunger by means of water forced into the cylinder in which it moves, by a forcing pump of small diameter, to which the power is applied, the principle involved being the same as in the hydrostatic bellows. Also called hydraulic press, and Bramah press. In the illustration, a is a pump with a small plunger b, which forces the water into the cylinder c, thus driving upward the large plunder d, which performs the reduced work, such as compressing cotton bales, etc. Hydrostatically Hy`dro*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles. Bentley. Hydrostatician Hy`dro*sta*ti"cian (?), n. One who is versed or skilled in hydrostatics. [R.] Hydrostatics Hy`dro*stat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. hydrostatique.] (Physics) The branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of statics applied to water and other liquids. Hydrosulphate Hy`dro*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrosulphurent. Hydrosulphide Hy`dro*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as, potassium hydrosulphide, KSH. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans. Hydrosulphite Hy`dro*sul"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base. [R.] Hydrosulphuret Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrosulphide. [Archaic] Hydrosulphureted Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Combined with hydrogen sulphide. Hydrosulphuric Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as, hydrosulphuricacid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water. Hydrosulphurous Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See Hyposulphurous acid, under Hyposulphurous. Hydrotellurate Hy`dro*tel"lu*rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of hydrotelluric acid and the base. Hydrotelluric Hy`dro*tel*lu"ric (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + telluric.] (Chem.) Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as, hydrotelluric acid, or hydrogen telluride. Hydrotheca Hy`dro*the"ca (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrothec\'91 (#), E. Hydrothecas (#). [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the calicles which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora), protect the hydrants. See Illust. of Hydroidea, and Campanularian. Hydrotherapy Hy`dro*ther"a*py (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + therapy.] (Med.) See Hydropathy. Hydrothermal Hy`dro*ther"mal (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + thermal.] Of or pertaining to hot water; -- used esp. with reference to the action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the globe. Hydrothorax Hy`dro*tho"rax (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + thorax.] (Med.) An accumulation of serous fluid in the cavity of the chest. Hydrotic Hy*drot"ic (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. Gr. hydrotique.] Causing a discharge of water or phlegm. -- n. (Med.) A hydrotic medicine. Hydrotical Hy*drot"ic*al (?), a. Hydrotic. Hydrotrope Hy"dro*trope (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a pulsometer. Hydrotropic Hy`dro*trop"ic (?), a. [See Hydrotrope.] (Bot.) Turning or bending towards moisture, as roots. Hydrotropism Hy*drot"ro*pism (?), n. (Bot.) A tendency towards moisture. Hydrous Hy"drous (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr water.] 1. Containing water; watery. 2. (Chem.) Containing water of hydration or crystallization. Hydroxanthane Hy`dro*xan"thane (?), n. (Chem.) A persulphocyanate. [Obs.] Hydroxanthic Hy`dro*xan"thic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + xanthic.] (Chem.) Persulphocyanic. Hydroxide Hy*drox"ide (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + oxide.] (Chem.) A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide. Hydroxy- Hy*drox"y- (?). (Chem.) A combining form, also used adjectively, indicating hydroxyl as an ingredient. Hydroxy acid (Chem.), an organic acid, having (besides the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl radical) an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and thus having the qualities of an alcohol in addition to its acid properties; as, lactic and tartaric acids are hydroxy acids. Hydroxyl Hy*drox"yl (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc. Hydroxylamine Hy*drox`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous, organic base, NH2.OH, resembling ammonia, and produced by a modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong reducing agent. Hydrozoa Hy`dro*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Acaleph\'91; one of the classes of c\'d2lenterates, including the Hydroidea, Discophora, and Siphonophora. Hydrozoal Hy`dro*zo"al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Hydrozoa. Hydrozo\'94n Hy`dro*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrozoa (#), E. Hydrozo\'94ns (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hydrozoa. Hydruret Hy"dru*ret (?), n. [Hydro-, 2] (Chem.) A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride. [Obs.] Hydrus Hy"drus (?), n. [L., a water serpent; also, a certain constellation, Gr. "y`dros.] (Astron.) A constellation of the southern hemisphere, near the south pole. Hye Hye (?), n. & v. See Hie. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hyemal Hy*e"mal (?), a. [L. hyemalis, or better hiemalis, fr. hyems, hiems, winter: cf. F. hy\'82mal.] Belonging to winter; done in winter. Sir T. Browne. Hyemate Hy"e*mate (?), v. i. [L. hiemare, hiematum. See Hyemal.] To pass the winter. [Obs. & R.] Hyemation Hy`e*ma"tion (?), n. [L. hiematio.] 1. The passing of a winter in a particular place; a wintering. 2. The act of affording shelter in winter. [Obs.] Hyen Hy"en (?), n. [F. hy\'8ane.] A hyena. [Obs.] Shak. Hyena Hy*e"na (?), n.; pl. Hyenas (#). [L. hyaena, Gr. hy\'8ane. See Sow female hog.] (Zo\'94l.) Any carnivorous mammal of the family Hy\'91nid\'91, of which three living species are known. They are large and strong, but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in their habits. [Written also hy\'91na.] NOTE: &hand; The striped hyena (Hy\'91na striata) inhabits Southern Asia and a large part of Africa. The brown hyena (H. brunnea), and the spotted hyena (Crocuta maculata), are found in Southern Africa. The extinct cave hyena (H. spel\'91a) inhabited England and France. Cave hyena. See under Cave. -- Hyena dog (Zo\'94l.), a South African canine animal (Lycaon venaticus), which hunts in packs, chiefly at night. It is smaller than the common wolf, with very large, erect ears, and a bushy tail. Its color is reddish or yellowish brown, blotched with black and white. Called also hunting dog. Hyetal Hy"e*tal (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to rain; descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy regions. Hyetograph Hy"e*to*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] A chart or graphic representation of the average distribution of rain over the surface of the earth. Hyetographic Hy`e*to*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to to hyetography. Hyetography Hy`e*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The branch of physical science which treats of the geographical distribution of rain. Hygeia Hy*ge"ia (?), n. [L. Hygea, Hygia, fr. Gr. (Classic Myth.) The goddess of health, daughter of Esculapius. Hygeian Hy*ge"ian (?), a. Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its preservation. Hygeist Hy"ge*ist (?), n. One skilled in hygiena; a hygienist. Hygieist Hy"gie*ist (?), n. A hygienist. Hygiene Hy"gi*ene (?), n. [F. hygi\'8ane. See Hygeia.] That department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health. Hygienic Hy`gi*en"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hygi\'82nique.] Of or pertaining to health or hygiene; sanitary. Hygienics Hy`gi*en"ics, n. The science of health; hygiene. Hygienism Hy"gi*en*ism (?), n. Hygiene. Hygienist Hy"gi*en*ist, n. One versed in hygiene. Hygiology Hy`gi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A treatise on, or the science of, the preservation of health. [R.] Hygrine Hy"grine (?), n. [From Gr. (Chem.) An alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves (Erythroxylon coca), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor. Hygrodeik Hy"gro*deik (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) A form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the air, etc. Hygrograph Hy"gro*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physics) An instrument for recording automatically the variations of the humidity of the atmosphere. Hygrology Hy*grol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. hygrologie.] (Med.) The science which treats of the fluids of the body. Hygrometer Hy*grom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. hygrom\'8atre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere. Daniell's hygrometer, a form of hygrometer consisting of a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one covered with muslin, the other of black glass, and containing ether and a thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the ether within, is soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed thermometer gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of one in the air, determines the humidity. Hygrometric, Hygrometrical Hy`gro*met"ric (?), Hy`gro*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hygrom\'82trique.] 1. Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the hygrometer; as, hygrometric observations. 2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture; as, hygrometric substances, like potash. Hygrometry Hy*grom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. hygrom\'82trie.] (Physics) That branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose. Hygrophanous Hy*groph"a*nous (?), a. [Gr. Having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry. Hygrophthalmic Hy`groph*thal"mic (?), a. [Gr. ophthalmic.] (Anat.) Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the lachrymal ducts. Hygroplasm Hy"gro*plasm (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to stereoplasm, the solid or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm. Hygroscope Hy"gro*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope: cf. F. hygroscope.] (Physics) An instrument which shows whether there is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount. Hygroscopic Hy`gro*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hygroscopique.] 1. Of or pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the hygroscope; as, glass is often covered with a film of hygroscopic moisture. 2. Having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture, as glass, etc. Hygroscopicity Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty (?), n. (Bot.) The property possessed by vegetable tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to circumstances. Hygrostatics Hy`gro*stat"ics (?), n. [Gr. Statics.] The science or art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture. Evelyn. Hyke Hyke (?), n. See Haik, and Huke. Hyl\'91osaur, Hyl\'91osaurus Hy"l\'91*o*saur` (?), Hy`l\'91*o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL. hylaeosaurus, fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A large Wealden dinosaur from the Tilgate Forest, England. It was about twenty feet long, protected by bony plates in the skin, and armed with spines. Hylarchical Hy*lar"chi*cal (?), a. [Gr. hylarchique. See Archical.] Presiding over matter. [Obs.] Hallywell. Hyleosaur Hy"le*o*saur" (?), n. Same as Hyl\'91osaur. Hylic Hyl"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to matter; material; corporeal; as, hylic influences. Hylicist Hy"li*cist (?), n. [Gr. A philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches hylism. _________________________________________________________________ Page 719 Hylism Hy"lism (?), n. [Gr. (Metaph.) A theory which regards matter as the original principle of evil. Hylobate Hy"lo*bate (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of the genus Hylobates; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. See Gibbon. Hylodes Hy*lo"des (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The piping frog (Hyla Pickeringii), a small American tree frog, which in early spring, while breeding in swamps and ditches, sings with high, shrill, but musical, notes. Hyloism Hy"lo*ism (?), n. Same as Hylotheism. Hyloist Hy"lo*ist, n. [Gr. Same as Hylotheist. Hylopathism Hy*lop"a*thism (?), n. [Gr. The doctrine that matter is sentient. Krauth-Fleming. Hylopathist Hy*lop"a*thist (?), n. One who believes in hylopathism. Hylophagous Hy*loph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Eating green shoots, as certain insects do. Hylotheism Hy"lo*the*ism (?), n. [Gr. The doctrine of belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the universe; pantheism. See Materialism. Hylotheist Hy"lo*the*ist, n. One who believes in hylotheism. Hylozoic Hy`lo*zo"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hylozoism. Hylozoism Hy`lo*zo"ism (?), n. [Gr. hylozo\'8bsme.] The doctrine that matter possesses a species of life and sensation, or that matter and life are inseparable. [R.] Cudworth. Hylozoist Hy`lo*zo"ist, n. A believer in hylozoism. A. Tucker. Hymar Hy*mar" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wild ass of Persia. Hymen Hy"men (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) A fold of muscous membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal membrane. Hymen Hy"men, n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Class Myth.) A fabulous deity; according to some, the son of Apollo and Urania, according to others, of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of marriage, and presided over nuptial solemnities. Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour, There dwelt no joy in Eden's rosy bower. Campbell. 2. Marriage; union as if by marriage. Hymen of element and race. Emerson. Hymeneal, Hymenean Hy`me*ne"al (?), Hy`me*ne"an (?), a. [L. hymeneius, a., also Hymenaeus, n., Hymen, Gr. hym\'82n\'82al, hym\'82n\'82en.] Of or pertaining to marriage; as, hymeneal rites. Pope. Hymeneal, Hymenean Hy`me*ne"al, Hy`me*ne"an, n. A marriage song. Milton. Hymenium Hy*me"ni*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hymenia (#), E. Hymeniums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The spore-bearing surface of certain fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom. Hymenogeny Hy`me*nog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. The production of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as albumin and fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by a thin film of the former. Hymenomycetes Hy`me*no*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) One of the great divisions of fungi, containing those species in which the hymenium is completely exposed. M. J. Berkley. Hymenophore Hy*men"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) That part of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium. Hymenopter Hy`me*nop"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. hym\'82nopt\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hymenoptera. Hymenoptera Hy`me*nop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of insects, including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, etc. NOTE: &hand; Th ey ha ve fo ur me mbranous wi ngs, wi th fe w reticulations, and usually with a thickened, dark spot on the front edge of the anterior wings. In most of the species, the tongue, or lingua, is converted into an organ for sucking honey, or other liquid food, and the mandibles are adapted for biting or cutting. In one large division (Aculeata), including the bees, wasps, and ants, the females and workers usually have a sting, which is only a modified ovipositor. Hymenopteral, Hymenopterous Hy`me*nop"ter*al (?), Hy`me*nop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or characteristic of, the Hymenoptera; pertaining to the Hymenoptera. Hymenopteran Hy`me*nop"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hymenoptera. Hymn Hymn (?), n. [OE. hympne, ympne, F. hymne, OF. also ymne, L. hymnus, Gr. weave.] An ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a religious ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thankgiving intended to be used in religious service; as, the Homeric hymns; Watts' hymns. Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns. Col. iii. 16. Where angels first should practice hymns, and string Their tuneful harps. Dryden. Hymn book, a book containing a collection of hymns, as for use in churches; a hymnal. Hymn Hymn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hymned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hymning (?).] [Cf. L. hymnire, Gr. To praise in song; to worship or extol by singing hymns; to sing. To hymn the bright of the Lord. Keble. Their praise is hymned by loftier harps than mine. Byron. Hymn Hymn, v. i. To sing in praise or adoration. Milton. Hymnal Hym"nal (?), n. A collection of hymns; a hymn book. Hymnic Hym"nic (?), a. [Cf. F. hymnique.] Relating to hymns, or sacred lyrics. Donne. Hymning Hymn"ing (?), a. Praising with hymns; singing. "The hymning choir." G. West. Hymning Hymn"ing, n. The singing of hymns. Milton. Hymnist Hym"nist (?), n. A writer of hymns. Hymnody Hym"no*dy (?), n. [Gr. Hymns, considered collectively; hymnology. Hymnographer Hym*nog"ra*pher (?), n. 1. One who writes on the subject of hymns. 2. A writer or composed of hymns. Hymnography Hym*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. graphy.] The art or act of composing hymns. Hymnologist Hym*nol"o*gist (?), n. A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology. Busby. Hymnology Hym*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. hymnologie.] 1. The hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors of a particular country or period; as, the hymnology of the eighteenth century; also, the collective body of hymns used by any particular church or religious body; as, the Anglican hymnology. 2. A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns. Hympne Hymp"ne (?), n. A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hyndreste Hynd"reste (?), a. See Hinderest. [Obs.] Hyne Hyne (?), n. A servant. See Hine. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hyo- Hy"o- (?). [See Hyod.] A prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting connection with the hyoid bone or arch; as, hyoglossal, hyomandibular, hyomental, etc. Hyoganoidei Hy`o*ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hyo-, and Canoidei.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of ganoid fishes, including the gar pikes and bowfins. -- Hy`o*ga"noid (#), a. Hyoglossal Hy`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Hyo- + Gr. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to or connecting the tongue and hyodean arch; as, the hyoglossal membrane. (b) Of or pertaining to the hyoglossus muscle. Hyoglossus Hy`o*glos"sus (?), n. [NL., fr. hyo- hyo- + Gr. (Anat.) A flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it with the hyoid bone. Hyoid Hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. hyo\'8bde.] 1. Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsilon []. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bony or cartilaginous arch which supports the tongue. Sometimes applied to the tongue itself. Hyoid arch (Anat.), the arch of cartilaginous or bony segments, which connects the base of the tongue with either side of the skull. -- Hyoid bone (Anat.), the bone in the base of the tongue, the middle part of the hyoid arch. Hyoid Hy"oid, n. The hyoid bone. Hyoideal, Hyoidean Hy*oid"e*al (?), Hy*oid"e*an (?), a. Same as Hyoid, a. Hyomandibular Hy`o*man*dib"u*lar (?), a. [Hyo- + mandibular.] (Anat.) Pertaining both to the hyoidean arch and the mandible or lower jaw; as, the hyomandibular bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid arch which connects the lower jaw with the skull in fishes. -- n. The hyomandibular bone or cartilage. Hyomental Hy`o*men"tal (?), a. [Hyo- + mental of the chin.] (Anat.) Between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw, pertaining to them; suprahyoid; submaxillary; as, the hyomental region of the front of the neck. Hyopastron Hy`o*pas"tron (?), n. [Hyo- + plastron.] (Zo\'94l.) The second lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyosternum. Hyoscine Hy*os"cine (?), n. [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid substance. Hyoscyamine Hy`os*cy"a*mine (?), n. [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and regarded as its active principle. It is also found with other alkaloids in the thorn apple and deadly nightshade. It is extracted as a white crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste. Hyoscyamine is isomeric with atropine, is very poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like belladonna. Called also hyoscyamia, duboisine, etc. Hyoscyamus Hy`os*cy"a*mus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Bot.) A genus of poisonous plants of the Nightshade family; henbane. 2. (Med.) The leaves of the black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), used in neuralgic and pectorial troubles. Hyosternal Hy`o*ster"nal (?), a. [Hyo- + ternal.] (Anat.) (a) Between the hyoid bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; as, the hyosternal region of the neck. (b) Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles. Hyosternum Hy`o*ster"num (?), n. [Hyo- + sternum.] (Anat.) See Hyoplastron. Hyostylic Hy`o*styl"ic (?), a. [Hyo- + Gr. (Anat.) Having the mandible suspended by the hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes, instead of directly articulated with the skull as in mammals; -- said of the skull. Hyp Hyp (?), n. An abbreviation of hypochonaria; -- usually in plural. [Colloq.] Heaven send thou hast not got the hyps. Swift. Hyp Hyp, v. t. To make melancholy. [Colloq.] W. Irving. Hyp\'91thral, Hypethral Hy*p\'91"thral, Hy*pe"thral (?), a. [L. hypaethrus in the open air, uncovered, Gr. (Arch.) Exposed to the air; wanting a roof; -- applied to a building or part of a building. Gwilt. Hypallage Hy*pal"la*ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.) A figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their proper subjects to other. Thus Virgil says, "dare classibus austros," to give the winds to the fleets, instead of dare classibus austris, to give the fleets to the winds. The hypallage, of which Virgil is fonder than any other writer, is much the gravest fault in language. Landor. Hypanthium Hy*pan"thi*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hypanthia (#), E. Hypanthiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A fruit consisting in large part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx, as in the alycanthus, the rose hip, and the pear. Hypapophysis Hy`pa*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hypapophyles (#). [NL. See Hypo-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) A process, or other element, of a vertebra developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as h\'91mal spines, and chevron bones. -- Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al (#), a. Hyparterial Hy`par*te"ri*al (?), a. [Hypo- + arterial.] (Anat.) Situated below an artery; applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off below the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus. Hypaspist Hy*pas"pist (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A shield-bearer or armor-bearer. Mitford. Hypaxial Hy*pax"i*al (?), a. [Hypo- + axial.] (Anat.) Beneath the axis of the skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal. Hyper- Hy"per- (?). [Gr. super, E. over. See Over, and cf. Super-.] 1. A prefix signifying over, above; as, hyperphysical, hyperthyrion; also, above measure, abnormally great, excessive; as, hyper\'91mia, hyperbola, hypercritical, hypersecretion. 2. (Chem.) A prefix equivalent to super- or per-; as hyperoxide, or peroxide. [Obs.] See Per-. Hyper\'91mia Hy`per*\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part of the body. Active hyper\'91mia, cognestion d%ue to increased flow of blood to a part. -- Passive hyper\'91mia, interchange due to obstruction in the return of blood from a part. -- Hy`per*\'91"mic (#), a. Hyper\'91sthesia Hy`per*\'91s*the"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med. & Physiol.) A state of exalted or morbidly increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it. -- Hy`per*\'91s*thet"ic (#), a. Hyperapophysis Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hyperapophyses (#). [NL. See Hyper-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) A lateral and backward-projecting process on the dorsal side of a vertebra. -- Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al (#), a. Hyperaspist Hy`per*as"pist (?), n. [Gr. One who holds a shield over another; hence, a defender. [Obs.] Chillingworth. Hyperbatic Hy`per*bat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted. Hyperbaton Hy*per"ba*ton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.) A figurative construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or clauses; as, "echoed the hills" for "the hills echoed." With a violent hyperbaton to transpose the text. Milton. Hyperbola Hy*per"bo*la (?), n. [Gr. i. e., of the angle which the cutting plane makes with the base. See Hyperbole.] (Geom.) A curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. It is a plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any point of it to two fixed points, called foci, is equal to a given distance. See Focus. If the cutting plane be produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as branches of the same hyperbola. See Illust. of Conic section, and Focus. Hyperbole Hy*per"bo*le (?), n. [L., fr. GrHyper-, Parable, and cf. Hyperbola.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended to be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater or less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement exaggerated fancifully, through excitement, or for effect. Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them extravagant hyperboles. Blair. Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the hyperbole, that it lies without deceiving. Macaulay. Hyperbolic, Hyperbolical Hy`per*bol"ic (?), Hy`per*bol"ic*al (?), a. [L. hyperbolicus, Gr. hyperbolique.] 1. (Math.) Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the hyperbola. 2. (Rhet.) Relating to, containing, or of the nature of, hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; as, an hyperbolical expression. "This hyperbolical epitaph." Fuller. Hyperbolic functions (Math.), certain functions which have relations to the hyperbola corresponding to those which sines, cosines, tangents, etc., have to the circle; and hence, called hyperbolic sines, hyperbolic cosines, etc. -- Hyperbolic logarithm. See Logarithm. -- Hyperbolic spiral (Math.), a spiral curve, the law of which is, that the distance from the pole to the generating point varies inversely as the angle swept over by the radius vector. _________________________________________________________________ Page 720 Hyperbolically Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly (?), adv. 1. (Math.) In the form of an hyperbola. 2. (Rhet.) With exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than the truth. Sir W. Raleigh. Hyperboliform Hy`per*bol"i*form (?), a. [Hyperbola + -form.] Having the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola. Hyperbolism Hy*per"bo*lism (?), n. [Cf. F. hyperbolisme.] The use of hyperbole. Jefferson. Hyperbolist Hy*per"bo*list (?), n. One who uses hyperboles. Hyperbolize Hy*per"bo*lize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hyperbolized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hyperbolizing (?).] [Cf. F. hyperboliser.] To speak or write with exaggeration. Bp. Montagu. Hyperbolize Hy*per"bo*lize, v. t. To state or represent hyperbolically. Fotherby. Hyperboloid Hy*per"bo*loid (?), n. [Hyperbola + -oid: cf. F. hyperbolo\'8bde.] (Geom.) A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a surface. Hyperboloid of revolution, an hyperboloid described by an hyperbola revolving about one of its axes. The surface has two separate sheets when the axis of revolution is the transverse axis, but only one when the axis of revolution is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola. Hyperboloid Hy*per"bo*loid, a. (Geom.) Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or hyperbola. Hyperborean Hy`per*bo"re*an (?), a. [L. hyperboreus, Gr. Boreas.] 1. (Greek Myth.) Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to its inhabitants. 2. Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright, as, a hyperborean coast or atmosphere. The hyperborean or frozen sea. C. Butler (1633). Hyperborean Hy`per*bo"re*an, n. 1. (Greek Myth.) One of the people who lived beyond the North wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine. 2. An inhabitant of the most northern regions. Hypercarbureted Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Having an excessive proportion of carbonic acid; -- said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates. [Written also hypercarburetted.] Hypercatalectic Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic (?), a. [L. hypercatalecticus, hypercatalectus, Gr. hypercatalectique. See Hyper-, and Catalectic.] (Pros.) Having a syllable or two beyond measure; as, a hypercatalectic verse. Hyperchloric Hy`per*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) See Perchloric. Hyperchromatism Hy`per*chro"ma*tism (?), n. The condition of having an unusual intensity of color. Hypercritic Hy`per*crit"ic (?), n. [Pref. hyper- + critic: cf. F. hypercritique.] One who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor. "Hypercritics in English poetry." Dryden. Hypercritic Hy`per*crit"ic, a. Hypercritical. Hypercritical Hy`per*crit"ic*al (?), a. 1. Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly critical; carping; captious. "Hypercritical readers." Swift. 2. Excessively nice or exact. Evelyn. Hypercritically Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hypercritical manner. Hypercriticise Hy`per*crit"i*cise (?), v. t. To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise captiously. Hypercriticism Hy`per*crit"i*cism (?), n. Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of criticism; zoilism. Hyperdicrotic Hy`per*di*crot"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Excessive dicrotic; as, a hyperdicrotic pulse. Hyperdicrotism Hy`per*di"cro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) A hyperdicrotic condition. Hyperdicrotous Hy`per*di"cro*tous (?), a. (Physiol.) Hyperdicrotic. Hyperdulia Hy`per*du*li"a (?), n. [Pref. hyper- + dulia: cf. F. hyperdulie.] (R. C. Ch.) Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia. Addis & Arnold. Hyperduly Hy"per*du`ly (?), n. Hyperdulia. [Obs.] Hyperesthesia Hy`per*es*the"si*a (?), n. Same as Hyper\'91sthesia. Hypericum Hy*per"i*cum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants, generally with dotted leaves and yellow flowers; -- called also St. John's-wort. Hyperinosis Hy`per*i*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition of the blood, characterized by an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory diseases. Hyperion Hy*pe"ri*on (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class Myth.) The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty. So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr. Shak. Hyperkinesis Hy`per*ki*ne"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Abnormally increased muscular movement; spasm. Hyperkinetic Hy`per*ki*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hyperkinesis. Hypermetamorphosis Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis (?), n. [Hyper- + metamorphosis.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its growth. Hypermeter Hy*per"me*ter (?), n. [Gr. hyperm\'8atre.] 1. (Pros.) A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a hypercatalectic verse. 2. Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard. When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an hypermeter. Addison. Hypermetrical Hy`per*met"ric*al (?), a. Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common measure. Hypermetrical verse (Gr. & Lat. Pros.), a verse which contains a syllable more than the ordinary measure. Hypermetropia, Hypermetropy Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a (?), Hy`per*met"ro*py (?), n. [NL. hypermetropia, fr. Gr. Hypermeter.] A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind the retina; farsightedness; -- called also hyperopia. Cf. Emmetropia. NOTE: &hand; In hypermetropia, vision for distant objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence, the individual is said to be farsighted. It is corrected by the use of convex glasses. -- Hy`per*me*trop"ic (#), a. Hypermyriorama Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or views. Hyperoartia Hy`per*o*ar"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of marsipobranchs including the lampreys. The suckerlike moth contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the middle of the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. See Cyclostoma, and Lamprey. Hyperopia Hy`per*o"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Hypermetropia. -- Hy`per*op"tic (#), a. Hyperorganic Hy`per*or*gan"ic (?), a. [Pref. hyper- + organic.] Higher than, or beyond the sphere of, the organic. Sir W. Hamilton. Hyperorthodoxy Hy`per*or"tho*dox`y (?), n. Orthodoxy pushed to excess. Hyperotreta Hy`per*o*tre"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of marsipobranchs, including the Myxine or hagfish and the genus Bdellostoma. They have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the plate, and a communication between tionnasal aperture and the throat. See Hagfish. [Written also Hyperotreti.] Hyperoxide Hy`per*ox"ide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound having a relatively large percentage of oxygen; a peroxide. [Obs.] Hyperoxygenated, Hyperoxygenized Hy`per*ox"y*gen*a`ted (?), Hy`per*ox"y*gen*ized (?), a. (Chem.) Combined with a relatively large amount of oxygen; -- said of higher oxides. [Obs.] Hyperoxymuriate Hy`per*ox`y*mu"ri*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A perchlorate. [Obs.] Hyperoxymuriatic Hy`per*ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Perchloric; as, hyperoxymuriatic acid. [Obs.] Hyperphysical Hy`per*phys"ic*al (?), a. Above or transcending physical laws; supernatural. Those who do not fly to some hyperphysical hypothesis. Sir W. Hamilton. Hyperplasia Hy`per*pla"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med. & Biol.) An increase in, or excessive growth of, the normal elements of any part. NOTE: &hand; Hy perplasia relates to the formation of new elements, hypertrophy being an increase in bulk of preexisting normal elements. Dunglison. Hyperplastic Hy`per*plas"tic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to hyperplasia. 2. (Biol.) Tending to excess of formative action. Hypern\'d2a Hy`per*n\'d2"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) Abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient arterialization of the blood; -- in distinction from eupn\'d2a. See Eupn\'d2a, and Dispn\'d2a. Hyperpyrexia Hy`per*py*rex"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Hyper-, and Pyrexia.] (Med.) A condition of excessive fever; an elevation of temperature in a disease, in excess of the limit usually observed in that disease. Hypersecretion Hy`per*se*cre"tion (?), n. (Med.) Morbid or excessive secretion, as in catarrh. Hypersensibility Hy`per*sen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. See Hyper\'91sthesia. Hyperspace Hy"per*space (?), n. [Pref. hyper- + space.] (Geom.) An imagined space having more than three dimensions. Hypersthene Hy"per*sthene (?), n. [Gr. hyperst\'8ane.] (Min.) An orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene group, of a grayish or greenish black color, often with a peculiar bronzelike luster (schiller) on the cleavage surface. Hypersthenic Hy`per*sthen"ic (?), a. (Min.) Composed of, or containing, hypersthene. Hyperthetical Hy`per*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Exaggerated; excessive; hyperbolical. [Obs.] Hyperthetical or superlative . . . expression. Chapman. Hyperthyrion Hy`per*thyr"i*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.) That part of the architrave which is over a door or window. Hypertrophic, Hypertrophical Hy`per*troph"ic (?), Hy`per*troph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hypertrophique.] (Med. & Biol.) Of or pertaining to hypertrophy; affected with, or tending to, hypertrophy. Hypertrophied Hy*per"tro*phied (?), a. (Med. & Biol.) Excessively developed; characterized by hypertrophy. Hypertrophy Hy*per"tro*phy (?), n. [Gr. hypertrophie.] (Med. & Biol.) A condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; -- the opposite of atrophy. Hyph\'91 Hy"ph\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "yfh` a web.] (Bot.) The long, branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the greater part of the plant) of a fungus is formed. They are also found enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of their structure. Hyphen Hy"phen (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Hypo-.] (Print.) A mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line which terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of which is carried to the next line; or between the parts of many a compound word; as in fine-leaved, clear-headed. It is also sometimes used to separate the syllables of words. Hyphen Hy"phen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hyphened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hyphening.] To connect with, or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the parts of a word. Hyphenated Hy"phen*a`ted (?), a. United by hyphens; hyphened; as, a hyphenated or hyphened word. Hyphomycetes Hy`pho*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) One of the great division of fungi, containing those species which have naked spores borne on free or only fasciculate threads. M. J. Berkley. Hypidiomorphic Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + idiomorphic.] (Crystallog.) Partly idiomorphic; -- said of rock a portion only of whose constituents have a distinct crystalline form. -- Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic*al*ly (#), adv. Hypinosis Hyp`i*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A diminution in the normal amount of fibrin present in the blood. Hypnagogic Hyp`na*gog"ic (?), a. [Gr. Leading to sleep; -- applied to the illusions of one who is half asleep. Hypnobate Hyp"no*bate (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. A somnambulist. [R.] Hypnocyst Hyp"no*cyst (?), n. [Gr. cyst.] (Biol.) A cyst in which some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose themselves, from which they emerge unchanged, after a period of drought or deficiency of food. In some instances, a process of spore formation seems to occur within such cysts. Hypnogenic Hyp`no*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; as, the so-called hypnogenic pressure points, pressure upon which is said to cause an attack of hypnotic sleep. De Watteville. Hypnologist Hyp*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in hypnology. Hypnology Hyp*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A treatise on sleep; the doctrine of sleep. Hypnosis Hyp*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Supervention of sleep. Hypnotic Hyp*not"ic (?), a. [Gr. somnus, and E. somnolent: cf. F. hypnotique.] 1. Having the quality of producing sleep; tending to produce sleep; soporific. 2. Of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of hypnotism; liable to hypnotism; as, a hypnotic condition. Hypnotic Hyp*not"ic, n. 1. Any agent that produces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opiate; a soporific; a narcotic. 2. A person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is subject to, hypnotism. Hypnotism Hyp"no*tism (?), n. [Gr. hypnotisme.] A form of sleep or somnambulism brought on by artificial means, in which there is an unusual suspension of some powers, and an unusual activity of others. It is induced by an action upon the nerves, through the medium of the senses, as in persons of very feeble organization, by gazing steadly at a very bright object held before the eyes, or by pressure upon certain points of the surface of the body. Hypnotization Hyp`no*ti*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of producing hypnotism. Hypnotize Hyp"no*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypnotized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hypnotizing (?).] To induce hypnotism in; to place in a state of hypnotism. Hypnotizer Hyp"no*ti`zer (?), n. One who hypnotizes. Hypnum Hyp"num (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The largest genus of true mosses; feather moss. Hypo- Hy"po- (?). [Gr. sub. See Sub-.] 1. A prefix signifying a less quantity, or a low state or degree, of that denoted by the word with which it is joined, or position under or beneath. 2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed enters with a low valence, or in a low state of oxidization, usually the lowest, into the compounds indicated; as, hyposulphurous acid. Hypo Hy"po (?), n. Hypochondria. [Colloq.] Hypo Hy"po, n. [Abbrev. from hyposulphite.] (Photog.) Sodium hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture. [Colloq.] Hypoarian Hy`po*a"ri*an (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a hypoarion. Hypoarion Hy`po*a"ri*on (?), n.; pl. Hypoaria (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) An oval lobe beneath each of the optic lobes in many fishes; one of the inferior lobes. Owen. Hypoblast Hy"po*blast (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + -blast.] (Biol.) The inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; -- called also endoderm, entoderm, and sometimes hypoderm. See Illust. of Blastoderm, Delamination, and Ectoderm. Hypoblastic Hy`po*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to, or connected with, the hypoblast; as, the hypoic sac. Hypobole Hy*pob"o*le (?), n. [Gr. (Rhet.) A figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of the opposite side, each of them being refuted in order. Hypobranchial Hy`po*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + branchial.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the segment between the basibranchial and the ceratobranchial in a branchial arch. -- n. A hypobranchial bone or cartilage. Hypocarp, Hypocarpium Hy"po*carp (?), Hy`po*car"pi*um (?), n. [NL. hypocarpium, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A fleshy enlargement of the receptacle, or for the stem, below the proper fruit, as in the cashew. See Illust. of Cashew. _________________________________________________________________ Page 721 Hypocarpogean Hy`po*car`po*ge"an (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.) Producing fruit below the ground. Hypocaust Hyp"o*caust (?), n. [L. hypocaustum, Gr. hypocauste.] (Anc. Arch.) A furnace, esp. one connected with a series of small chambers and flues of tiles or other masonry through which the heat of a fire was distributed to rooms above. This contrivance, first used in bath, was afterwards adopted in private houses. Hypochlorite Hy`po*chlo"rite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hypochlorous acid; as, a calcium hypochloride. Hypochlorous Hy`po*chlo"rous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + chlorous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence lower than in chlorous compounds. Hypochlorous acid (Chem.), an acid derived from chlorine, not known in a pure state, but forming various salts, called hypochlorites. Hypochondres Hy`po*chon"dres (?), n. pl. [F. hypocondres, formerly spely hypochondres.] The hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondrium. Hypochondria Hy`po*chon"dri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Hypochondriasis; melancholy; the blues.<-- as of 1990, the preferred name for the condition in which a person has a morbid concern about illnesses which he imagines are affecting him --> Hypochondriac Hy`po*chon"dri*ac (?), a. [Gr. hypocondriaque, formerly spelt hypochondriaque.] 1. Of or pertaining to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions. 2. Affected, characterized, or produced, by hypochondriasis. Hypochondriac region (Anat.), a region on either side of the abdomen beneath the cartilages of the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and above the lumbar, region. Hypochondriac Hy`po*chon"dri*ac, n. A person affected with hypochondriasis. He had become an incurable hypochondriac. Macaulay. Hypochondriacal Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal (?), a. Same as Hypochondriac, 2. -- Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal*ly, adv. Hypochondriacism Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cism (?), n. (Med.) Hypochondriasis. [R.] Hypochondriasis Hy`po*chon"dri*a*sis (?), n. [NL. So named because supposed to have its seat in the hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondriac, Hypochondrium, and cf. Hyp, 1st Hypo.] (Med.) A mental disorder in which melancholy and gloomy views torment the affected person, particularly concerning his own health. Hypochondriasm Hy`po*chon"dri*asm (?), n. (Med.) Hypochondriasis. [R.] Hypochondrium Hy`po*chon"dri*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hypochondria (#), E. Hypochondriums (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.) Either of the hypochondriac regions. Hypochondry Hy`po*chon"dry (?), n. Hypochondriasis. Hypocist Hyp"o*cist (?), n. [Gr. Cistus.] An astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a plant (Cytinus hypocistis), growing from the roots of the Cistus, a small European shrub. Hypocleidium Hy`po*clei"di*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hypocleida (#), E. Hypocleidiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) A median process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many birds, where it is connected with the sternum. Hypocoristic Hyp`o*co*ris"tic (?), a. [Gr. Endearing; diminutive; as, the hypocoristic form of a name. The hypocoristic or pet form of William. Dr. Murray. Hypocrateriform Hyp`o*cra*ter"i*form (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + -form.] (Bot.) hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped. Wood. Hypocraterimorphous Hyp`o*cra*ter`i*mor"phous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.) Salver-shaped; having a slender tube, expanding suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border, as in the blossom of the phlox and the lilac. Hpocrisy H*poc"ri*sy (?), n.; pl. Hypocrisies (#). [OE. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, OF. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, F. hypocrisie, L. hypocrisis, fr. Gr. Hypo-, and Critic.] The act or practice of a hypocrite; a feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not feel; a dissimulation, or a concealment of one's real character, disposition, or motives; especially, the assuming of false appearance of virtue or religion; a simulation of goodness. Hypocrisy is the necessary burden of villainy. Rambler. Hypocrisy is the homage vice pays to virtue. La Rochefoucauld (Trans. ). Hypocrite Hyp"o*crite (?), n. [F., fr. L. hypocrita, Gr. Hypocrisy.] One who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who feigns to be other and better than he is; a false pretender to virtue or piety; one who simulates virtue or piety. The hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job viii. 13. I dare swear he is no hypocrite, but prays from his heart. Shak. Syn. -- Deceiver; pretender; cheat. See Dissembler. Hypocritely Hyp"o*crite*ly, adv. Hypocritically. [R.] Sylvester. Hypocritic Hyp`o*crit"ic (?), a. See Hypocritical. Swift. Hypocritical Hyp`o*crit"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. hypocritique.] Of or pertaining to a hypocrite, or to hypocrisy; as, a hypocriticalperson; a hypocritical look; a hypocritical action. Hypocritical professions of friendship and of pacific intentions were not spared. Macaulay. -- Hyp`o*crit"ic*al*ly (#), adv. Hypocrystalline Hyp`o*crys"tal*line (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + crystalline.] (Crystallog.) Partly crystalline; -- said of rock which consists of crystals imbedded in a glassy ground mass. Hypocycloid Hy`po*cy"cloid (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + cycloid: cf. F. hypocyclo\'8bde.] (Geom.) A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle. Cf. Epicycloid, and Trochoid. Hypodactylum Hyp`o*dac"ty*lum (?), n.; pl. -tyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The under side of the toes. Hypoderm Hyp"o*derm (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + -derm.] (Biol.) Same as Hypoblast. Hypoderma Hyp`o*der"ma (?), n. [NL. See Hypo, and derma.] 1. (Bot.) A layer of tissue beneath the epidermis in plants, and performing the physiological function of strengthening the epidermal tissue. In phanerogamous plants it is developed as collenchyma. 2. (Zo\'94l.) An inner cellular layer which lies beneath the chitinous cuticle of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates. Hypodermatic Hyp`o*der*mat"ic (?), a. Hypodermic. -- Hyp`o*der*mat"ic*al*ly (#), adv. Hypodermic Hyp`o*der"mic (?), a. [See Hypoderma.] Of or pertaining to the parts under the skin. Hypodermic medication, the application of remedies under the epidermis, usually by means of a small syringe, called the hypodermic syringe. -- Hyp`o*der"mic*al*ly (#), adv. Hypodermis Hyp`o*der"mis (?), n. [NL. See Hypo-, and Derma.] 1. (Biol.) Same as Hypoblast. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hypoderma, 2. Hypodicrotic, Hypodicrotous Hyp`o*di*crot"ic (?), Hyp`o*di"cro*tous (?), a. (Physiol.) Exhibiting retarded dicrotism; as, a hypodicrotic pulse curve. Hypog\'91ic Hyp`o*g\'91"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. gai^a, gh^, earth.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, the peanut, or earthnut (Arachis hypog\'91a). Hypog\'91ic acid (Chem.), an acid in the oil of the earthnut, in which it exists as a glyceride, and from which it is extracted as a white, crystalline substance. Hypogastric Hyp`o*gas"tric (?), a. [Cf. F. hypogastrique. See Hypogastrium.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or the hypogastric region. Hypogastric region. (a) The lower part of the abdomen. (b) An arbitrary division of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac regions. Hypogastrium Hyp`o*gas"tri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The lower part of the abdomen. Hypogean Hyp`o*ge"an (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.) Hypogeous. [Written also hypog\'91an.] Hypogene Hyp"o*gene (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + the root of Gr. hypog\'8ane.] (Geol.) Formed or crystallized at depths the earth's surface; -- said of granite, gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is believed of have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying rocks. Opposed to epigene. Hypogeous Hyp`o*ge"ous (?), a. [See Hypogean.] (Bot.) Growing under ground; remaining under ground; ripening its fruit under ground. [Written also hypog\'91ous.] Hypogeum Hyp`o*ge"um (?), n.; pl. Hypogea (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Arch.) The subterraneous portion of a building, as in amphitheaters, for the service of the games; also, subterranean galleries, as the catacombs. Hypoglossal Hyp`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Anat.) Under the tongue; -- applied esp., in the higher vertebrates, to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the base of the tongue. -- n. One of the hypoglossal nerves. Hypognatous Hy*pog"na*tous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as in the skimmer. Hypogyn Hyp"o*gyn (?), n. (Bot.) An hypogynous plant. Hypogynous Hy*pog"y*nous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. hypogyne.] (Bot.) Inserted below the pistil or pistils; -- said of sepals, petals, and stamens; having the sepals, petals, and stamens inserted below the pistil; -- said of a flower or a plant. Gray. Hypohyal Hy`po*hy"al (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Greek letter (Anat.) Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean arch of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal. -- n. One of the hypohyal bones or cartilages. Hyponastic Hy`po*nas"tic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.) Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by unequal growth. Cf. Epinastic. Hyponasty Hy`po*nas"ty (?), n. (Bot.) Downward convexity, or convexity of the inferior surface. Hyponitrite Hy`po*ni"trite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hyponitrous acid. Hyponitrous Hy`po*ni"trous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + nitrous.] (Chem.) Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than in nitrous compounds. Hyponitrous acid (Chem.), an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH, whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water; -- called also nitrosylic acid. Hypopharynx Hy`po*phar"ynx (?), n. [NL. See Hypo-, and Pharynx.] (Zo\'94l.) An appendage or fold on the lower side of the pharynx, in certain insects. Hypophosphate Hy`po*phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hypophosphoric acid. Hypophosphite Hy`po*phos"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hypophosphorous acid. Hypophosphoric Hy`po*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphoric acid. Hypophosphoric acid (Chem.), an acid, P2H4O6, produced by the slow oxidation of moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in water. It is regarded as a condensation product of one molecule of phosphoric acid with one of phosphorous acid, by partial dehydration. Hypophosphorous Hy`po*phos"phor*ous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + phosphorous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphorous acid. Hypophosphorous acid (Chem.) , an acid, H3PO2, whose salts are produced by the action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a white crystalline substance. It is a powerful reducing agent. Hypophyllous Hy*poph"yl*lous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.) Being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit dots of ferns. Hypophysial Hy`po*phys"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hypophysis; pituitary. Hypophysis Hy*poph"y*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 1. (Anat.) See Pituitary body, under Pituitary. 2. (Med.) Cataract. Hypoplastron Hy`po*plas"tron (?), n.; pl. Hypoplastra (#). [Pref. hypo- + plastron.] (Anat.) The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyposternum. Hypoptilum Hy*pop"ti*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Hypoptila (#), E. Hypoptilums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour feathers of many birds; -- called also aftershaft. See Illust. of Feather. Hyporadius Hy`po*ra"di*us (?), n.; pl. Hyporadii (#). [Pref. hypo- + radius.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or aftershaft of a feather. See Feather. Hyporhachis Hy`po*rha"chis (?), n.; pl. Hyporhachides (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The stem of an aftershaft or hypoptilum. [Written also hyporachis.] Hyposkeletal Hy`po*skel"e*tal (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + skeletal.] (Anat.) Beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; as, the hyposkeletal muscles; -- opposed to episkeletal. Hypospadias Hy`po*spa"di*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A deformity of the penis, in which the urethra opens upon its under surface. Hypostasis Hy*pos"ta*sis (?), n.; pl. Hypostases (#). [L., fr. Gr. Hypo-, and Stand.] 1. That which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or thing. 2. (Theol.) Substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; -- used by the early theologians to denote any one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. NOTE: &hand; Th e Co uncil of Al exandria (a .d. 36 2) de fined hypostasis as synonymous with person. Schaff-Herzog. 3. Principle; an element; -- used by the alchemists in speaking of salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered as the three principles of all material bodies. 4. (Med.) That which is deposited at the bottom of a fluid; sediment. Hypostasize Hy*pos"ta*size (?), v. t. To make into a distinct substance; to conceive or treat as an existing being; to hypostatize. [R.] The pressed Newtonians . . . refused to hypostasize the law of gravitation into an ether. Coleridge. Hypostatic, Hypostatical Hy`po*stat"ic (?), Hy`po*stat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. hypostatique.] 1. Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive, or elementary. The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three hypostatical principles. Boyle. 2. Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases, or substances. Bp. Pearson. 3. (Med.) Depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting; as, hypostatic cognestion, cognestion due to setting of blood by gravitation. Hypostatic union (Theol.), the union of the divine with the human nature of Christ. Tillotson. Hypostatically Hy`po*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hypostatic manner. Hypostatize Hy*pos"ta*tize (?), v. t. 1. To make into, or regarded as, a separate and distinct substance. Looked upon both species and genera as hypostatized universals. Pop. Sci. Monthly. 2. To attribute actual or personal existence to. Sir W. Hamilton. Hyposternum Hy`po*ster"num (?), n.; pl. L. Hyposterna (#), E. Hyposternums (#). [Pref. hypo- + sternum.] (Anat.) See Hypoplastron. Hypostome, Hypostoma Hy"po*stome (?), Hy*pos"to*ma (?), n. [NL. hypostoma, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The lower lip of trilobites, crustaceans, etc. Hypostrophe Hy*pos"tro*phe (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) The act of a patient turning himself. (b) A relapse, or return of a disease. _________________________________________________________________ Page 722 Hypostyle Hy"po*style (?), a. [Gr. (Arch.) Resting upon columns; constructed by means of columns; -- especially applied to the great hall at Karnak. Hyposulphate Hy`po*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hyposulphuric acid. Hyposulphite Hy`po*sul"phite (?), n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of what was formerly called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate. [Obs.] (b) A salt of hyposulphurous acid proper. Hyposulphuric Hy`po*sul*phur"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as, hyposulphuric acid. Hyposulphuric acid, an acid, H2S2O6, obtained by the action of manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery solution and in its salts; -- called also dithionic acid. See Dithionic. Hyposulphurous Hy`po*sul"phur*ous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + sulphurous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a low state of oxidation. Hyposulphurous acid. (a) Thiosulphuric acid. [Obs.] (b) An acid, H2SO2, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing and bleaching agent. Called also hydrosulphurous acid. Hypotarsus Hy`po*tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Hypotarsi (#). [NL. See Hypo-, and Tarsus.] (Anat.) A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of many birds; the calcaneal process. -- Hy`po*tar"sal (#), a. Hypotenuse, Hypothenuse Hy*pot"e*nuse (?), Hy*poth"e*nuse (?), n. [L. hypotenusa, Gr. Subtend.] (Geom.) The side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right angle. Hypothec Hy*poth"ec (?), n. [F. hypoth\'8aque. See Hypotheca.] (Scot. Law) A landlord's right, independently of stipulation, over the stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and crops of his tenant, as security for payment of rent. Hypotheca Hy`po*the"ca (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Hypothesis.] (Rom. Law) An obligation by which property of a debtor was made over to his creditor in security of his debt. NOTE: &hand; It differed from pledge in regard to possession of the property subject to the obligation; pledge requiring, simple hypotheca not requiring, possession of it by the creditor. The modern mortgage corresponds very closely with it. Kent. Hypothecate Hy*poth"e*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypothecated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hypothecating (?).] [LL. hypothecatus, p.p. of hypothecare to pledge, fr. L. hypotheca pledge, security. See Hypotheca.] (Law) To subject, as property, to liability for a debt or engagement without delivery of possession or transfer of title; to pledge without delivery of possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other personal property; to make a contract by bottomry. See Hypothecation, Bottomry. He had found the treasury empty and the pay of the navy in arrear. He had no power to hypothecate any part of the public revenue. Those who lent him money lent it on no security but his bare word. Macaulay. Hypothecation Hy*poth`e*ca"tion (?), n. [LL. hypothecatio.] 1. (Civ. Law) The act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a right which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor, in virtue of which he may cause it to be sold and the price appropriated in payment of his debt. This is a right in the thing, or jus in re. Pothier. B. R. Curtis. There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an hypothecation, in the strict sense of the Roman law, exists; that is a pledge without possession by the pledgee. Story. NOTE: &hand; In th e mo dern ci vil la w, th is co ntract ha s no application to movable property, not even to ships, to which and their cargoes it is most frequently applied in England and America. See Hypothecate. B. R. Curtis. Domat. 2. (Law of Shipping) A contract whereby, in consideration of money advanced for the necessities of the ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable for its repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety. It is usually effected by a bottomry bond. See Bottomry. NOTE: &hand; This term is often applied to mortgages of ships. Hypothecator Hy*poth"e*ca`tor (?), n. (Law) One who hypothecates or pledges anything as security for the repayment of money borrowed. Hypothenal, Hypothenar Hy*poth"e*nal (?), Hy*poth"e*nar (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + thenar.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prominent part of the palm of the hand above the base of the little finger, or a corresponding part in the forefoot of an animal; as, the hypothenar eminence. Hypothenar Hy*poth"e*nar (?), n. (Anat.) The hypothenar eminence. Hypothenusal Hy*poth`e*nu"sal (?), a. Of or pertaining to hypothenuse. [R.] Hypothenuse Hy*poth"e*nuse (?), n. Same as Hypotenuse. Hypothesis Hy*poth"e*sis (?), n.; pl. Hypotheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Hypo-, Thesis.] 1. A supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference for proof of the point in question; something not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or an occurrence; as, the hypothesis that head winds detain an overdue steamer. An hypothesis being a mere supposition, there are no other limits to hypotheses than those of the human imagination. J. S. Mill. 2. (Natural Science) A tentative theory or supposition provisionally adopted to explain certain facts, and to guide in the investigation of others; hence, frequently called a working hypothesis. Syn. -- Supposition; assumption. See Theory. Nebular hypothesis. See under Nebular. Hypothetic, Hypothetical Hy`po*thet"ic (?), Hy`po*thet"ic*al (?), a. [L. hypotheticus, Gr. hypoth\'82tique.] Characterized by, or of the nature of, an hypothesis; conditional; assumed without proof, for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof, or of accounting for some fact or phenomenon. Causes hypothetical at least, if not real, for the various phenomena of the existence of which our experience informs us. Sir W. Hamilton. Hypothetical baptism (Ch. of Eng.), baptism administered to persons in respect to whom it is doubtful whether they have or have not been baptized before. Hook. -- Hy`po*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. South. Hypothetist Hy*poth"e*tist (?), n. One who proposes or supports an hypothesis. [R.] Hypotrachelium Hy`po*tra*che"li*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.) Same as Gorgerin. Hypotricha Hy*pot"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of ciliated Infusoria in which the cilia cover only the under side of the body. Hypotrochoid Hy`po*tro"choid (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + trochoid.] (Geom.) A curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius produced, of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a fixed circle. See Hypocycloid, Epicycloid, and Trochoid. Hypotyposis Hy`po*ty*po"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A vivid, picturesque description of scenes or events. Hypoxanthin Hy`po*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely related to xanthin and uric acid, widely distributed through the animal body, but especially in muscle tissue; -- called also sarcin, sarkin. Hypozoic Hy`po*zo"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Geol.) Anterior in age to the lowest rocks which contain organic remains. Lyell. Hyppish Hyp"pish (?), a. [From Hyp.] Affected with hypochondria; hypped. [Written also hyppish.] Hyppogriff Hyp"po*griff (?), n. See Hyppogriff. Hypsiloid Hyp"si*loid (?), a. [From , the Greek letter called "upsilon" + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling the Greek letter in form; hyoid. Hypsometer Hyp*som"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric pressure; esp., one for determining heights by ascertaining the boiling point of water. It consists of a vessel for water, with a lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for showing the temperature of ebullition. Hypsometric, Hypsometrical Hyp`so*met"ric (?), Hyp`so*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hypsometry. Hypsometry Hyp*som"e*try (?), n. That branch of the science of geodesy which has to do with the measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference to the sea level, or relatively. Hypural Hy*pu"ral (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Anat.) Under the tail; -- applied to the bones which support the caudal fin rays in most fishes. Hyracoid Hy"ra*coid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Hyracoidea. -- n. One of the Hyracoidea. Hyracoidea Hyr`a*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hyrax, and oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of small hoofed mammals, comprising the single living genus Hyrax. Hyrax Hy"rax (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any animal of the genus Hyrax, of which about four species are known. They constitute the order Hyracoidea. The best known species are the daman (H. Syriacus) of Palestine, and the klipdas (H. capensis) of South Africa. Other species are H. arboreus and H. Sylvestris, the former from Southern, and the latter from Western, Africa. See Daman. Hyrcanian, Hyrcan Hyr*ca"ni*an (?), Hyr"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hyrcania, an ancient country or province of Asia, southeast of the Caspian (which was also called the Hyracanian) Sea. "The Hyrcan tiger." "Hyracanian deserts." Shak. Hyrse Hyrse (?), n. [G. hirse, OHG. hirsi.] (Bot.) Millet. Hyrst Hyrst (?), n. A wood. See Hurst. Hyson Hy"son (?), n. [Chin. hi-tshun, lit., first crop, or blooming spring.] A fragrant kind of green tea. Hyson skin, the light and inferior leaves separated from the hyson by a winnowing machine. M'Culloch. Hyssop Hys"sop (?), n. [OE. hysope, ysope, OF. ysope, F. hysope, hyssope, L. hysopum, hyssopum, hyssopus, Gr. &emac;sov.] A plant (Hyssopus officinalis). The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. NOTE: &hand; The hyssop of Scripture is supposed to be a species of caper (Capparis spinosa), but probably the name was used for several different plants. Hysteranthous Hys`ter*an"thous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the leaves expand after the flowers have opened. Henslow. Hysteresis Hys`te*re"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physics) A lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces acting upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal friction; a temporary resistance to change from a condition previously invuced, observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc., on reversal of polarity. Hysteria Hys*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. hyst\'82rie. See Hysteric.] (Med.) A nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxism or fits. NOTE: &hand; Th e ch ief symptoms are convulsive, tossing movements of the limbs and head, uncontrollable crying and laughing, and a choking sensation as if a ball were lodged in the throat. The affection presents the most varied symptoms, often simulating those of the gravest diseases, but generally curable by mental treatment alone. Hysteric, Hysterical Hys*ter"ic (?), Hys*ter"ic*al (?), a. [L. hystericus, Gr. utter, out.] Of or pertaining to hysteria; affected, or troubled, with hysterics; convulsive, fitful. With no hysteric weakness or feverish excitement, they preserved their peace and patience. Bancroft. Hysterics Hys*ter"ics (?), n. pl. (Med.) Hysteria. Hysteroepilepsy Hys`ter*o*ep"i*lep`sy (?), n. [Hysteria + epilepsy.] (Med.) A disease resembling hysteria in its nature, and characterized by the occurrence of epileptiform convulsions, which can often be controlled or excited by pressure on the ovaries, and upon other definite points in the body. -- Hys`ter*o*ep`i*lep"tic (#), a. Hysterogenic Hys`ter*o*gen"ic (?), a. [Hysteria + root of Gr. (Physiol.) Producing hysteria; as, the hysterogenicpressure points on the surface of the body, pressure upon which is said both to produce and arrest an attack of hysteria. De Watteville. Hysterology Hys`ter*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. hyst\'82rologie.] (Rhet.) A figure by which the ordinary course of thought is inverted in expression, and the last put first; -- called also hysteron proteron. Hysteron proteron Hys"te*ron prot"e*ron (?). [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) (a) A figure in which the natural order of sense is reversed; hysterology; as, valet atque vivit, "he is well and lives." (b) An inversion of logical order, in which the conclusion is put before the premises, or the thing proved before the evidence. Hysterophyte Hys*ter"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A plant, like the fungus, which lives on dead or living organic matter. -- Hys`ter*oph"y*tal (#), a. Hysterotomy Hys`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. hyst\'82rotomie.] (Med.) The C\'91sarean section. See under C\'91sarean. Hystricine Hys"tri*cine (?), a. [See Hystrix.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the porcupines. Hystricomorphous Hys`tri*co*mor"phous (?), a. [Hystrix + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or allied to, the porcupines; -- said of a group (Hystricomorpha) of rodents. Hystrix Hys"trix (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of rodents, including the porcupine. Hythe Hythe (?), n. A small haven. See Hithe. [Obs.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 723 _________________________________________________________________ Page 723 I.