G G (?) 1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246. NOTE: The fo rm of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain, kernel; kin L. genus, Gr. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to ch and h; as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall, choler; gust, choose. See C. 2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character represented in the margin. See Clef. G# (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A. Gab Gab (?), n. [Cf. Gaff.] (Steam Engine) The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. Illust. of Eccentric. Gab Gab, n. [OE. gabbe gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking, mockery, or OF. gab, gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or gob. Cf. Gab, v. i., Gibber.] The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness. [Colloq.] Gift of gab, facility of expression. [Colloq.] Gab Gab, v. i. [OE. gabben to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. gabba to mock, or OF. gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf. Gabble.] 1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed. Gabarage Gab"ar*age (?), n. A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.] Gabardine, Gaberdine Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine" (, n. [Sp. gabardina; cf. It. gavardina, OF. galvardine, calvardine, gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp. & OF. gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. caban great coat with a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano and perh. to E. cabin.] A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress. Shak. Gabber Gab"ber (?), n. 1. A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.] 2. One addicted to idle talk. Gabble Gab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gabbling (?).] [Freq. of gab. See Gab, v. i.] 1. To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber. Shak. 2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, gabbling fowls. Dryden. Gabble Gab"ble, n. 1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning. Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the builders. Milton. 2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls. Gabbier Gab"bier (?), n. One who gabbles; a prater. Gabbro Gab"bro (?), n. [It.] (Geol.) A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro). Gabel Ga"bel (?), n. [F. gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum, gablum; of uncertain origin. Cf.Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) A rent, service, tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise. Burrill. He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the ministry of a fish. Jer. Taylor. Gabeler Ga"bel*er (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A collector of gabels or taxes. Gabelle Ga`belle" (?), n. [F. See Gabel.] A tax, especially on salt. [France] Brande & C. Gabelleman Ga*belle"man (?), n. A gabeler. Carlyle. Gaberdine Gab`er*dine" (?), n. See Gabardine. Gaber-lunzie Gab"er-lun`zie (?), n. [Gael. gabair talker + lunndair idler.] A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Gabert Gab"ert (?), n. [Cf.F.gabare, Arm. kobar, gobar.] A lighter, or vessel for inland navigation. [Scot.] Jamieson. Gabion Ga"bi*on (?), n.[F., from It. gabbione a large cage, gabion, from gabbia cage, L. cavea. See Cage.] 1. (Fort.) A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire. 2. (Hydraul. Engin.) An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement. Gabionade Ga`bi*on*ade" (?), n. [F. gabionnade.] 1. (Fort.) A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire. 2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in harbor improvements. Gabionage Ga"bi*on*age (?), n. [F. gabionnage.] (Mil.) The part of a fortification built of gabions. Gabioned Ga"bi*oned (?), p. a. Furnished with gabions. Gabionnade Ga`bion`nade" (?), n. See Gabionade. Gable Ga"ble (?), n. A cable. [Archaic] Chapman. Gable Ga"ble, n. [OE. gable, gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. gibil, G. giebel gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. cephalic, or to G. gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L. gabalus a kind of gallows.] (Arch.) (a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side. (c) A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway. Bell gable. See under Bell. -- Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as Gable (b). -- Gable window, a window in a gable. Gablet Ga"blet (?), n. (Arch.) A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche, etc. Gablock Gab"lock (?), n. [See Gavelock.] A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock. Wright. Gaby Ga"by (?), n. [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.] A simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.] Gad Gad (?), n. [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd sting, Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.] 1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead. 2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc. I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write these words. Shak. 3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad. 4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt. 5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.] Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads. Moxon. 6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett. Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] "All this done upon the gad!" Shak. Gad Gad, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gadding.] [Prob. fr. gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive about.] To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled. "The gadding vine." Milton. Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way? Jer. ii. 36. Gadabout Gad"a*bout` (?), n. A gadder [Colloq.] Gadbee Gad"bee` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gadfly. Gadder Gad"der (?), n. One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip. Gadding Gad"ding, a. & n. Going about much, needlessly or without purpose. Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets. Bacon. The good nuns would check her gadding tongue. Tennyson. Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of holes. Gaddingly Gad"ding*ly (?), adv. In a roving, idle manner. Gaddish Gad"dish (?), a. Disposed to gad. -- Gad"dish*nes, n. "Gaddishness and folly." Abp. Leighton. Gade Gade (?), n. [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small British fish (Motella argenteola) of the Cod family. (b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth; -- called also gead. [Prov. Eng.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 607 Gadere, Gadre Gad"er*e (?), Gad"re (, v. t. & i. To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gadfly Gad"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gadflies (#). [Gad + fly.] (Zo\'94l.) Any dipterous insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies. NOTE: &hand; Th e sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larv\'91 develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larv\'91 or bots live and produce sores called wormels. The gadflies of the horse produce the intestinal parasites called bots. See Botfly, and Bots. The true horseflies are often erroneously called gadflies, and the true gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze flies. Gadfly petrel (Zo\'94l.), one of several small petrels of the genus Oestrelata. Gadhelic Gadhel"ic (g&amac;l"&icr;k), a. [See Gaelic.] Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. J. Peile. Gadic Gad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus); -- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic acid. Gaditanian Gad`i*ta`ni*an (?), a. [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.] Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Cadiz. Gadling Gad"ling (?), n. [Gad, n. + -ling.] (Medi\'91val Armor) [R.] See Gad, n., 4. Gadling Gad"ling, a. [See Gad, v. i.] Gadding about. [Obs.] Gadling Gad"ling, n. A roving vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Gadman Gadman (?), n. A gadsman. Gadoid Ga"doid (?; 277), a. [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F. gado\'8bde gadoid, Gr. gade.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the family of fishes (Gadid\'91) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake. -- n. One of the Gadid\'91. [Written also gadid.] Gadolinia Gad`o*lin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc. Gadolinic Gad`o*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to or containing gadolinium. Gadolinite Gad"o*lin*ite (?), n. [Named after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.] (Min.) A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron. Gadolinium Gad`o*lin"i*um (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been determined. Gadsman Gads"man (?), n. One who uses a gad or goad in driving. Gaduin Gad"u*in (?), n.[NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil. Gadwall Gad"wall (?), n. [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zo\'94l.) A large duck (Anas strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of Europe and America; -- called also gray duck. [Written also gaddwell.] Gael Gael (?), n.sing. & pl. [See Gaelic.] (Ethnol.) A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin. Gaelic Gael"ic (?; 277), a. [Gael. G\'85idhealach, Gaelach, from G\'85idheal, Gael, a Scotch Highlander.] (Ethnol.) Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the Gaelic language. Gaelic Gael"ic (?), n. [Gael. Gaelig, G\'85ilig.] The language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic. Gaff Gaff (?), n. [OE. gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa hook; perh. akin to G. gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. CF. Gaffle, Gable.] 1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish. 2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended. 3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright. Gaff Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaffing.] To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as, to gaff a salmon. Gaffer Gaf"fer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godfather; but prob. fr. gramfer for grandfather. Cf. Gammer.] 1. An old fellow; an aged rustic. Go to each gaffer and each goody. Fawkes. NOTE: &hand; Ga ffer wa s or iginally a re spectful ti tle, no w degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in humble life. 2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. [Prov. Eng.] Gaffle Gaf"fle (?), n. [Cf. AS. geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel, G. gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. Gaff.] 1. An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks. 2. A lever to bend crossbows. Gaff-topsail Gaff`-top"sail (?), n. (Naut.) A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast. Gag Gag (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gagging (?).] [Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg mouth, opening, entrance.] 1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow freedom of speech to. Marvell. The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason to be hood winked. Maccaulay. 2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag. Mouths gagged to such a wideness. Fortescue (Transl. ). 3. To cause to heave with nausea. Gag Gag, v. i. 1. To heave with nausea; to retch. 2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang] Cornill Mag. Gag Gag, n. 1. Sometimes thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking. 2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of mutton fat. Lamb. 3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local allusion. [Slang] Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth. -- Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag rein. Gagate Gag"ate (?; 48), n. [L. gagates. See Jet a black mineral.] Agate. [Obs.] Fuller. Gage Gage (?), n. [F. gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of German origin; cf. Goth. wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed. See Wed, and cf. Wage, n.] 1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security. Nor without gages to the needy lend. Sandys. 2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a challenge; a defiance. "There I throw my gage." Shak. Gage Gage (?), n. [So called because an English family named Gage imported the greengage from France, in the last century.] A variety of plum; as, the greengage; also, the blue gage, frost gage, golden gage, etc., having more or less likeness to the greengage. See Greengage. Gage Gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaged (?); p. pr & vb. n. Gaging (?).] [Cf. F. gager. See Gage, n., a pledge.] 1. To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.] A moiety competent Was gaged by our king. Shak. 2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage. Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, Hath left me gaged. Shak. Gage Gage, n. A measure or standart. See Gauge, n. Gage Gage, v. t. To measure. See Gauge, v. t. You shall not gage me By what we do to-night. Shak. Gager Ga"ger (?), n. A measurer. See Gauger. Gagger Gag"ger (?), n. 1. One who gags. 2. (Founding) A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place. Gaggle Gag"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaggling (?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen, gagelen, G. gackeln, gackern, MHG. g, E. giggle, cackle.] To make a noise like a goose; to cackle. Bacon. Gaggle Gag"gle, n. [Cf. Gaggle v. i.] (Zo\'94l.) A flock of wild geese. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Gagtooth Gag"tooth` (?), n.; pl. Gagteeth (. A projecting tooth. [Obs.] Gag-toothed Gag"-toothed" (?), a. Having gagteeth. [Obs.] Gahnite Gahn"ite (?), n. [Named after Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) Zinc spinel; automolite. Gaidic Ga*id"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to hypogeic acid; -- applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid. Gaiety Gai"e*ty (?), n. Same as Gayety. Gailer Gail"er (?), n. A jailer. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gaillard Gail`lard" (?), a. [F. See Galliard.] Gay; brisk; merry; galliard. Chaucer. Gailliarde Gail*liarde" (?), n. [See Galliard a dance.] A lively French and Italian dance. Gaily Gai"ly (?), adv. [From Gay.] Merrily; showily. See gaily. Gain Gain (?), n. [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.) A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam. Gain Gain, a. [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. CF. Ahain.] Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gain Gain (?), n. [OE. gain, gein, ga, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.] 1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to loss. But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. Phil. iii. 7. Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Tim. vi. 6. Every one shall share in the gains. Shak. 2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation. "The lust of gain." Tennyson. Gain Gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaining.] [From gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF. gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidin, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr. weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. vei hunting, AS. wa, cf. L. venari to hunt, E. venison. See Gain, n., profit.] 1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good living. What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Matt. xvi. 26. To gain dominion, or to keep it gained. Milton. For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease. Pope. 2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a prize. 3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate. If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. Matt. xviii. 15. To gratify the queen, and gained the court. Dryden. 4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor. Forded Usk and gained the wood. Tennyson. 5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or Ironical] Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss. Acts xxvii. 21. Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth. -- To gain ground, to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. -- To gain over, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. -- To gain the wind (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship. Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See Obtain. -- To Gain, Win. Gain implies only that we get something by exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others. Gain Gain (?), v. i. To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily. Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. Ezek. xxii. 12. Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on OR upon. (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of. The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself. Addison. My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. Swift. Gainable Gain"a*ble (?), a. [CF. F. gagnable. See Gain, v. t.] Capable of being obtained or reached. Sherwood. Gainage Gain"age (?, 48), n. [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage pasturage. See Gain, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage. (b) The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself. Bouvier. Gainer Gain"er (?), n. One who gains. Shak. Gainful Gain"ful (?), a. Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful speculation." Macaulay. -- Gain"ful*ly, adv. -- Gain"ful*ness, n. Gaingiving Gain"giv`ing (?), n. [See Again, and Give.] A misgiving. [Obs.] Gainless Gain"less, a. Not producing gain; unprofitable. Hammond. -- Gain"less/ness, n. Gainly Gain"ly, adv. [See Gain, a.] Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Gainpain Gain"pain` (?), n.[F. gagner to gain + pain bread.] Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier. Gainsay Gain`say" (? OR ?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainsaid (? OR ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gainsaying.] [OE. geinseien, ageinseien. See Again, and Say to utter.] To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid. I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke xxi. 15. The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother, My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained. Shak. Gainsayer Gain`say"er (?), n. One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To convince the gainsayers." Tit. i. 9. Gainsome Gain"some (?), a. 1. Gainful. 2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.] Massinger. 'Gainst 'Gainst (?), prep. A contraction of Against. Gainstand Gain"stand` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainstood; p. pr. & vb. n. gainstanding.] [See Again, and Stand.] To withstand; to resist. [Obs.] Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged desires. Sir P. Sidney. Gainstrive Gain"strive` (?), v. t. & i. [See Again, and Strive.] To strive or struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.] Spenser. Gairfowl Gair"fowl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Garefowl. Gairish, a., Gairishly, adv., Gairish/ness Gair"ish (?), a., Gair"ish*ly, adv., Gair"ish/ness, n. Same as Garish, Garishly, Garishness. Gait Gait (?), n. [See Gate a way.] 1. A going; a walk; a march; a way. Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks pass. Shak. 2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving. 'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait. Shak. Gaited Gait"ed (?), a. Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; as, slow-gaited; heavy-gaited. Gaiter Gait"er (?), n. [F. gu\'88tre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of German origin, and akin to E. wear, v.] 1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe. _________________________________________________________________ Page 608 2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle. Gaiter Gai"ter (?), v. t. To dress with gaiters. Gaitre, Gaytre Gai"tre, Gay"tre (, n. [OE. Cf. Gatten tree.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gala Ga"la (?), n. [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of German origin. See Gallant.] Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay. Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday. Galacta-gogue Ga*lac"ta-gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) An agent exciting secretion of milk. Galactic Ga*lac"tic (?), a. [Gr. Galaxy, and cf. Lactic.] 1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid. 2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way. Galactic circle (Astron.), the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel. -- Galactic poles, the poles of the galactic circle. Galactin Ga*lac"tin (?), n. [Gr. Lactin.] (Chem.) (a) An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent. (b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow tree (Galactodendron). (c) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars, including galactose. Galactodensimeter Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. densimeter.] Same as Galactometer. Galactometer Gal`ac*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. galactom\'8atre. Cf. Lactometer.] An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (i.e., its richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a lactometer. Galactophagist Gal`ac*toph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr. One who eats, or subsists on, milk. Galactophagous Gal`ac*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. galactophade.] Feeding on milk. Galactophorous Gal`ac*toph"o*rous (?), a. [Gr. galactophore. Cf. Lactiferous.] (Anat.) Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to the ducts of mammary glands. Galactopoietic Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing. -- n. A galactopoietic substance. Galactose Ga*lac"tose (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline sugar, C6H12O6, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also lactose (though it is not lactose proper).<-- lactose is a dimeric form of galactose, converted to galactose by acid or enzymatic activity (beta-galactosidase) --> Galage Ga*lage" (?), n. (Obs.) See Galoche. Spenser. Galago Ga*la"go (?), n.; pl. Galagos (#). [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species. NOTE: &hand; Th e gr and galago (Galago crassicaudata) is about the size of a cat; the mouse galago (G. murinus)is about the size of a mouse. Galanga, Galangal Ga*lan"ga (?), Ga*lan"gal (?), n.[OE. galingale, OF. galingal, garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj. ] The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese species of Alpinia (A. Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the K\'91mpferia Galanga), -- all of the Ginger family. Galantine Gal"an*tine (? or ?), n. [F. galantine.] A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. Smart. Galapee tree Gal"a*pee` tree" (?), (Bot.) The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei, a tree with very large digitate leaves. Galatian Ga*la"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor. Galaxy Gal"ax*y (?), n.; pl. Galaxies (#). [F. galaxie, L. galaxias, fr. Gr. lac. CF. Lacteal.] 1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of stars. Nichol. 2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things. Galban, Galbanum Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num (?), n. [L. galbanum, Gr. klekb'n: cf. F. galbanum.] A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish. Gale Gale (?), n. [Prob. of Scand.. origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel. galinn, cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr song, witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel. gjla gust of wind, gola breeze. Cf. Yell.] 1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests. NOTE: &hand; Ga les ha ve a ve locity of fr om ab out ei ghteen ("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our. Sir. W. S. Harris. 2. A moderate current of air; a breeze. A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. Shak. And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft wings. Milton. 3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity. The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale. Brooke (Eastford). Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails. Gale Gale (?), v. i. (Naut.) To sale, or sail fast. Gale Gale, n [OE. gal. See Gale wind.] A song or story. [Obs.] Toone. Gale Gale, v. i. [AS. galan. See 1st Gale.] To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and gale." Court of Love. Gale Gale, n [AS. gagel, akin to D. gagel.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in America. Gale Gale, n. [Cf. Gabel.] The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is due. Galea Ga"le*a (?), n.[L., a helmet. ] 1. (Bot.) The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower. 2. (Surg.) A kind of bandage for the head. 3. (Pathol.) Headache extending all over the head. 4. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain insects. Galeas Gal"e*as (?), n. See Galleass. Galeate, Galeated Ga"le*ate (?), Ga"le*a`ted (?), a. [L. galeatus, p.p. of galeare helmet.] 1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a helmet. 2. (Biol.) Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped. Galei Ga"le*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) That division of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sharks. Galena Ga*le"na (?), n.[L. galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F. gal\'8ane sulphide of lead ore, antidote to prison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.] 1. (Med.) A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr. 2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage. False galena. See Blende. Galenic, Galenical Ga*len"ic (?), Ga*len"ic*al (, a. Pertaining to, or containing, galena. Galenic, Galenical Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al, an. [From Galen, the physician.] Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases. Dunglison. Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared. Galenism Ga"len*ism (?), n. The doctrines of Galen. Galenist Ga*len*ist, n. A follower of Galen. Galenite Ga*le"nite (?), n. (Min.) Galena; lead ore. Gale-opithecus Ga`le-o*pi*the"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly called flying lemurs. See Colugo. Galericu-late Gal`er*ic"u-late (?), a. [L. galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or cap, fr. galea helmet.] Covered as with a hat or cap. Smart. Galerite Gal"er*ite (?), n. [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F. gal\'82rite.] (Paleon.) A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites. Galician Ga*li"cian (?), a. [Cf. Sp. Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L. Gallaecus, Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.] Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland. -- n. A native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also Gallegan. Galilean Gal`i*le"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See Telescope. Galilean Gal`i*le"an (?), a. [L. Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr. galil\'82en.] Of or relating to Galilee. Galilean Gal`i*le"an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans. 2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite. 3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron. Galilee Gal"i*lee (?), n. [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. galil\'82e.] (Arch.) A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals. Gwilt. Galimatias Gal`i*ma"tias (?), n. [F.] Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused mixture. Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries. Walpole. Galingale Gal"in*gale (?), n. [See Galangal.] (Bot.) A plant of the Sedge family (Cyperus longus) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same genus. Chaucer. Meadow, set with slender galingale. Tennyson. Galiot Gal"i*ot (?), n. [OE. galiote, F. galiote. See Galley.] (Naut.) (a) A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. (b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail. Galipot Gal"i*pot (?), n. [F. galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or pitch tree.] An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When purified, it is called yellow pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy pitch. Gall Gall (?), n.[OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG. galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr. yellow. Yellow, and cf. Choler] 1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder. 2. The gall bladder. 3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor. He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail. Lam. iii. 5. Comedy diverted without gall. Dryden. 4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang] Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria. Gall Gall (?), n. [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zo\'94l.) An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut. NOTE: &hand; Th e ga lls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine. Gall insect (Zo\'94l.), any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge (Zo\'94l.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. -- Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure.-- Gall wasp. (Zo\'94l.) See Gallfly. Gall Gall, v. t. (Dyeing) To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure. Gall Gall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.] [OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.] 1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable. I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. Shak. 2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm. They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh. Shak. 3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy. In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows. Addison. Gall Gall, v. i. To scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak. Gall Gall, n. A wound in the skin made by rubbing. Gallant Gal"lant (?), a. [F. gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice, akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf. OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil lascivious, akin to AS. g wanton, wicked, OS. g merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E. weal. See Gala, Galloon.] 1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed. The town is built in a very gallant place. Evelyn. Our royal, good and gallant ship. Shak. 2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer. That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak. The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave. Waller. Syn. -- Gallant, Courageous, Brave. Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant man dashes into the midst of the conflict. Gallant Gal*lant" (?; 277), a. Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous. Gallant Gal*lant" (?; 277), n. 1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young blood. Shak. 2. One fond of paying attention to ladies. 3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer. Addison. NOTE: &hand; In the first sense it is by some ortho\'89pists (as in Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable. Gallant Gal*lant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallanting.] 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the play. 2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan. [Obs.] Addison. Gallantly Gal*lant"ly (?), adv. In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer. Gallantly Gal"lant*ly (?), adv. In a gallant manner. Gallantness Gal"lant*ness (?), n. The quality of being gallant. _________________________________________________________________ Page 609 Gallantry Gal"lant*ry (?), n.; pl. Gallantries (#). [F. galanterie.] 1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic] Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver. Fuller. 2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry. 3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue. 4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.] Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy. Shak. Syn. -- See Courage, and Heroism. Gallate Gal"late (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. gallate. See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.) A salt of gallic acid. Gallature Gal"la*ture (?; 135), n. [From L. gallus a cock.] (Zo\'94l.) The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg. Galleass Gal"le*ass (?; 135), n. [F. gal\'82asse, gal\'82ace; cf. It. galeazza, Sp. galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See Galley.] (Naut.) A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See Galleon, and Galley. [Written variously galeas, gallias, etc.] NOTE: &hand; "T he ga lleasses . . . were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers amidships." Motley. Gallegan, Gallego Gal*le"gan (?), Gal*le"go (? or ?), n. [Sp. Gallego.] A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician. Galle\'8bn Gal"le*\'8bn (?), n. [Pyrogallol + phthale\'8bn.] (Chem.) A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids. Galleon Gal"le*on (?), n. [Sp. galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL. galeo, galio. See Galley.] (Naut.) A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel. The gallens . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern, like castels. Motley. Galleot Gal"le*ot (?), n. (Naut.) See Galiot. Gallery Gal"ler*y (?), n.; pl Galleries (#). [F. galerie, It. galleria, fr. LL. galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant, a.] 1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal. 2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery; hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc. 3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall. 4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called stern galery or quarter gallry, -- seldom found in vessels built since 1850. 5. (Fort.) Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive galery. 6. (Mining) A working drift or level. Whispering gallery. See under Whispering. Galletyle Gal"le*tyle (?), n. [OE. gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.] A little tile of glazed earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of galletyle." Bacon. Galley Gal"ley (?), n.; pl. Galleys (#). [OE. gale, galeie (cf. OF. galie, gal\'82e, LL. galea, LGr. 1. (Naut.) A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as: (a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars. (c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure. (d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war. NOTE: &hand; Th e ty pical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type. 2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose. 3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace. 4. [F. gal\'82e; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof. Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a galley slave." Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large galley. Knight. Galley-bird Gal"ley-bird` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.] Galley-worm Gal"ley-worm` (?), n. [Prob. so called because the numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] (Zo\'94l.) A chilognath myriapod of the genus Iulus, and allied genera, having numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See Chilognatha. Gallfly Gall"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gallflies (. (Zo\'94l.) An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus Cynips and allied genera. See Illust. of Gall. Gallyambic Gal`ly*am"bic (?), a. [L. galliambus a song used by the priests of Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) + iambus] (Pros.) Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse. Gallian Gal"li*an (?), a. [See Gallic.] Gallic; French. [Obs.] Shak. Galliard Gal"liard (?), a. [OE., fr. F. gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl, wanton, lascivious.] Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.] Galliard Gal"liard, n. A brisk, gay man. [Obs.] Selden is a galliard by himself. Cleveland. Galliard Gal"liard, n. [F. gaillarde, cf. Sp. gallarda. See Galliard, a.] A gay, lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde. Never a hall such a galliard did grace. Sir. W. Scott. Galliardise Gal`liard*ise (?), n. [F. gaillardise. See Galliard, a.] Excessive gayety; merriment. [Obs.] The mirth and galliardise of company. Sir. T. Browne. Galliardness Gal"liard*ness, n. Gayety. [Obs.] Gayton. Galliass Gal"li*ass (?), n. Same as Galleass. Gallic Gal"lic (?), a. [From Gallium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, gallium. Gallic Gal"lic (277), a. [From Gall the excrescence.] Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like. Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink. Gallic Gal"lic (?), a. [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.] Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican. Gallican Gal"li*can (?), a. [L. Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.] Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the Gallican church or clergy. Gallican Gal"li*can, n. An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism. Shipley. Gallicanism Gal"li*can*ism (?), n. The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the national church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. Gallicism Gal"li*cism (?), n. [F. gallicisme.] A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom. Gallicize Gal"li*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gallicizing (?).] To conform to the French mode or idiom. Gallied Gal"lied (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.) Worried; flurried; frightened. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Galliform Gal"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes) in structure. Galligaskins Gal`li*gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been afterwards confused with Gascony, as if they came from Gascony.] Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense. Gallimatia Gal`li*ma"ti*a (? OR ?), n. Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See Galimatias. Gallimaufry Gal`li*mau"fry (?), n.; pl. Gallimaufries (#). [F. galimafr\'82e a sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.] 1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout. Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meat. King. 2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch. The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish. South. Gallin Gal"lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance obtained by the reduction of galle\'8bn. Gallinaceae Gal"li*nace*ae (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gallinaceous.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gallinae. Gallinacean Gal`li*na"cean (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds. Gallinaceous Gal`li*na"ceous (?), a.[L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus cock.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining to the Gallinae. Gallinae Gal*li"nae (?), n.; pl. [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called Rasores. Galling Gall"ing (?), a. Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating. -- Gall"ing*ly, adv. Gallinipper Gal"li*nip`per (?), n. A large mosquito. Gallinule Gal"li*nule (?), n. [L. gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf. F. gallinule.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old World is Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen, water rail, moor coot, night bird, and erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is the Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata). NOTE: &hand; Th e pu rple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the ancients. Galliot Gal"li*ot (?), n. See Galiot. Gallipoli oil Gal*lip"o*li oil` (?). An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in Italy. Gallipot Gal"li*pot (?), n. [Prob. fr. OD. gleypot, the first part of which is possibly akin to E. glad. See Glad, and Pot.] A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines, etc. Gallium Gal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Gallia France.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarcable for its low melting point (86 NOTE: &hand; The element was predicted with most of its properties, under the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the Pyrenees. Gallivant Gal"li*vant (?), v. i. [From Gallant.] To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan. [Slang] Dickens. Gallivat Gal"li*vat (?), n.[Prob. fr. Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot, galley.] (Naut.) A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the Malabar coast. A. Chalmers. Galliwasp Gal"li*wasp` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A West Indian lizard (Celestus occiduus), about a foot long, imagined by the natives to be venomous. Gallnut Gall"nut` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various species of the oak tree. See Gall, and Nutgall. Gallomania Gal`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [L. Galli Gauls + mania madness.] An excessive admiration of what is French. -- Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac (#), n. Gallon Gal"lon (?), n. [OF galon, jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr. galum a liquid measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a measure.] A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure. NOTE: &hand; Th e standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine gallon. The beer gallon, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62 Galloon Gal*loon" (?), n. [From F. or Sp. galon. See Gala. ] 1. A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., -- sometimes made ornamental. 2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold lace. Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering gewgaws. Addison. Gallooned Gal*looned` (?), a. Furnished or adorned with galloon. Gallop Gal"lop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Galloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galloping.] [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth. ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS. gehle\'a0pan to leap, dance, fr. root of E. leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a gallop. See Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.] 1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed. But gallop lively down the western hill. Donne. _________________________________________________________________ Page 610 2. To ride a horse at a gallop. 3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination. Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it. Locke. Gallop Gal"lop (?), v. t. To cause to gallop. Gallop Gal"lop, n. [Cf. F. galop. See Gallop, v. i., and cf. Galop.] A mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds. Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop. Gallopade Gal"lo*pade` (?), n. [F. galopade. See Gallop, n.] 1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop. 2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop. Gallopade Gal`lo*pade" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gallopaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallopading.] 1. To gallop, as on horseback. 2. To perform the dance called gallopade. Galloper Gal"lop*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, gallops. 2. (Mil.) A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts, without a limber. Farrow. Galloper gun , a light gun, supported on a galloper, -- formerly attached to British infantry regiments. Gallopin Gal"lo*pin (?), n.[F. galopin. See Gallop, v. i.] An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy. [Obs.] Halliwell. Galloping Gal"lop*ing (?), a. Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping horse. Gallotannic Gal`lo*tan"nic (?), a. [Gall nutgall + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to the tannin or nutgalls. Gallotannic acid. See Tannic acid, under Tannic. Gallow Gal"low (?), v. t. [Cf. AS. \'begelwan to stupefy.] To fright or terrify. See Gally, v. t. [Obs.] Shak. Galloway Gal"lo*way (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway, Scotland; -- called also garran, and garron. Gallowglass Gal"low*glass` (?), n. [Ir. galloglach. Cf. Gillie.] A heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward Shak. Gallows Gal"lows (?), n. sing.; pl. Gallowses (#) OR Gallows. [OE. galwes, pl., AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. galg gallows, OS. & OHG. galgo, G. galgen, Icel. g\'belgi, Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth. galga a cross. Etymologically and historically considered, gallows is a noun in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by a; as, a gallows.] 1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything. So they hanged Haman on the gallows. Esther vii. 10. If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows. Shak. O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses Shak. 2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] Shak. 3. (Print.) The rest for the tympan when raised. 4. pl. A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.] Gallows bird, a person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows bitts (Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on deck for supporting spare spars; -- called also gallows, gallows top, gallows frame, etc. -- Gallows frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an engine. (b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts. -- Gallows, OR Gallow tree, the gallows. At length him nail\'82d on a gallow tree. Spenser. Gallstone Gall"stone` (?), n. A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1. Gally Gal"ly (?), v. t. [See Gallow, v. t.] To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown. Gally Gall"y (?), a. Like gall; bitter as gall. Cranmer. Gally Gal"ly (?), n. See Galley, n., 4. Gallygaskins Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl. See Galligaskins. Galoche, Galoshe Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (, [OE. galoche, galache, galage, shoe, F. galoche galoche, perh. altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL. calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr. 1. A clog or patten. [Obs.] Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche. Chaucer. 2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather. 3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg. Galoot Ga*loot" (?), n. A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U. S.] Galop Gal"op (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the dance. Galore Ga*lore" (?), n. & a. [Scot. gelore, gilore, galore, fr. Gael. gu le\'95r, enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix + le\'95r, le\'95ir, enough; or fr. Ir. goleor, the same word.] Plenty; abundance; in abundance. Galoshe Ga*loshe" (?), n. Same as Galoche. Galpe Galpe (?), v. i. To gape,; to yawn. [Obs.] Chaucer. Galsome Gal"some (?), a. [Gall bitterness + some.] Angry; malignant. [Obs.] Bp. Morton. Galt Galt (?), n [See Gault.] Same as Gault. Galvanic Gal*van"ic (?), a. [From Galvani, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. galvanique.] Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents. Galvanic battery (Elec.), an apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called voltaic battery. See Battery. -- Galvanic circuit OR circle. (Elec.) See under Circuit. -- Galvanic pile (Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under Voltaic. Galvanism Gal"va*nism (?), n [From Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See Galvanic.] (Physics) (a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical electricity. (b) The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents. NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rds ga lvanism an d galvanic, formerly in very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, voltaic, from the name of Volta, is commonly used. Galvanist Gal"va*nist (?), n. One versed in galvanism. Galvanization Gal"va*niza`tion (?), n. The act of process of galvanizing. Galvanize Gal"va*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galvanized (?); p pr. & vb. n. Galvanizing (?).] [Cf. F. galvaniser.] 1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical currents. 2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity. 3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious animation or activity. 4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See Galvanized iron. Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute acid. Galvanizer Gal"va*ni`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, galvanize. Galvanocaustic Gal*van`o*caus"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + caustic.] Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine. Galvanocautery Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y (?), n. (Med.) Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by the passage of a galvanic current. Galvanoglyphy Gal`va*nog"ly*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. Same as Glyphography. Galvanograph Gal*van"o*graph (?), n. [Galvanic + -graph.] (Engraving) A copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture printed from such a plate. Galvanographic Gal*van`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to galvanography. Galvanography Gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + -graphy.] 1. The art or process of depositing metals by electricity; electrotypy. 2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as engraved plates. Galvanologist Gal`va*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on galvanism. Galvanology Gal`va*nol"o*gy (?) n. [Galvanic + -logy.] A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena. Galvanometer Gal`va*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Galvanic + -meter: cf. F. galvanom\'8atre.] (Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle. Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a. -- Sine galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument. Galvanometric Gal*van`o*met"ric (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer. Galvanometry Gal`va*nom"e*try (?), n. The art or process of measuring the force of electric currents. Galvanoplastic Gal*van`o*plas"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + -plastic.] Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a medal or the like. Galvanoplasty Gal*van"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Cf. F. galanoplastie.] The art or process of electrotypy. Galvanopuncture Gal*van`o*punc"ture (?), n. (Med.) Same as Electro-puncture. Galvanoscope Gal*van`o*scope (?), n. [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.] (Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity. Galvanoscopic Gal*van`o*scop"ic (?), a Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope. Galvanoscopy Gal`va*nos"co*py (?), n (Physiol.) The use of galvanism in physiological experiments. Galvanotonus Gal`va*not"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. galvanic + GR. (Physiol.) Same as Electrotonus. Galvanotropism Gal`va*not"ro*pism (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. (Bot.) The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current. Galwes Gal"wes (?), n. Gallows. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gama grass Ga"ma grass` (?). [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.] (Bot.) A species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout, and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage grass; -- called also sesame grass. Gamashes Ga*mash"es (?), n. pl. [F. gamaches.] High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other clothing. Gamba Gam"ba (?), n. A viola da gamba. Gambadoes Gam*ba"does (?), n. pl. [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol, n.] Same as Gamashes. His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at the side with rusty clasps. Sir W. Scott. Gambeson Gam"be*son (?), n. Same as Gambison. Gambet Gam"bet (?), n. [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genuis Totanus. See Tattler. Gambier Gam"bier (?), n. [Malayan.] (a) The inspissated juice of a plant (Uncaria Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and, under the name of Terra Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing. (b) Catechu. [Written also gambeer and gambir.] Gambison Gam"bi*son (?), n. [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais, wambais, of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba, stomach. See Womb.] A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted. Gambist Gam"bist (?), n. [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.) A performer upon the viola di gamba. See under Viola. Gambit Gam"bit (?), n. [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up. See Gambol, n.] (Chess Playing) A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position. <-- Hence, Fig. any stratagem; in conversation, a remark, often prepared in advance, calculated to provoke discussion, amuse, or make a point = a conversational gambit --> Gamble Gam"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gambled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling (?).] [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.] To play or game for money or other stake. Gamble Gamble, v. t. To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away. "Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates." Ames. Gambler Gam"bler (?), n. One who gambles. Gamboge Gam*boge" (?), n. A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, -- whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taking internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic ad emetic. [Written also camboge.] NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e se veral ki nds of ga mboge, bu t all are derived from species of Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order Guttifer\'91. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge is from G. Morella. G. pictoria, of Western India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called gamboge butter. Gambogian, Gambogic Gam*bo"gi*an (?), Gambogic (?), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge. Gambol Gam"bol (?), n. [OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol, fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr. L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber: cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb, n., Gammon ham, Gambadoes.] A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank. Dryden. Gambol Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamboled (?), or Gambolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gamboling or Gambolling.] To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs. Gambrel Gam"brel (?), n [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel, Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.] 1. The hind leg of a horse. 2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -- used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals. Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form. Gambrel Gam"brel v. t. To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl. Gambroon Gam*broon" (?), n. A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds. Game Game (?), a. [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.] Crooked; lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.] Game Game, n. [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble v. i.] 1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic. We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game. Shak. 2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance; games of skill; field games, etc. But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not play at. Cowper. NOTE: &hand; Am ong the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games. 3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; as, a game at cards. Talk the game o'er between the deal. Lloyd. 4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short whist five points are game. 5. (Card Playing) In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest. 6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project. Your murderous game is nearly up. Blackw. Mag. It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack. Saintsbury. 7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table. Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of game. Blackstone. Confidence game. See under Confidence. -- To make game of, to make sport of; to mock. Milton. Game Game, a. 1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last; plucky. I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death. W. Irving. 2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting. Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. -- Game bird, any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. -- Game egg, an egg producing a gamecock. -- Game laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport. -- Game preserver, a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.] -- To be game. (a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit. (b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] -- To die game, to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting. _________________________________________________________________ Page 611 Game Game (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.] [OE. gamen, game, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game, n.] 1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative. [Obs.] God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though him gamed or smarte. Chaucer. 2. To play at any sport or diversion. 3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble. <-- sic!? --> Gamecock Game"cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The male game fowl. Game fowl Game" fowl` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males. Gameful Game"ful (?), a. Full of game or games. Gamekeeper Game"keep`er (?), n. One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve. Blackstone. Gameless Game"less, a. Destitute of game. Gamely Game"ly, adv. In a plucky manner; spiritedly. Gameness Game"ness, n. Endurance; pluck. Gamesome Game"some (?), a. Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak. Gladness of the gamesome crowd. Byron. -- Game"some*ly, adv. -- Game"some*ness, n. Gamester Game"ster (?), n. [Game + -ster.] 1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.] Shak. 2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games. When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester is the soonest winner. Shak. 3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Shak. Gamic Gam"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements. Gamin Gam"in (?), n. [F.] A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street Arab. In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the Chinaman.' L. Oliphant. Gaming Gam"ing (?), n. The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling. Gamma Gam"ma (?), n. The third letter (G) of the Greek alphabet. Gammadion Gam*ma"di*on (?), n. A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See Fylfot. Gammer Gam"mer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr. grammer for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.] An old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of gaffer, an old man. Gammon Gam"mon (?), n. [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F. jambe. See Gambol, n., and cf. Ham.] The buttock or tight of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith. Gammon Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gameed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gameing.] To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke. Gammon Gam"mon, n. [See 2d Game.] 1. Backgammon. 2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.] Gammon Gam"mon, v. t. 1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; as, to gammon a person. 2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood. Gammon Gam"mon, v. t. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron. Totten. Gammoning Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 5th Gammon.] (Naut.) The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays. Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. -- Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit. Gammoning Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 4th Gammon.] The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person. [Colloq.] Gamogenesis Gam`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.) The production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; sexual reproduction; -- the opposite of agamogenesis. Gamogenetic Gam`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to gamogenesis. -- Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv. Gamomorphism Gam`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species. Gamopetalous Gam`o*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. petalous: cf. F. gamop\'82tale.] (Bot.) Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup; monopetalous. Gamophyllous Ga*moph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent). Gray. Gamosepalous Gam`o*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. sepal.] (Bot.) Formed of united sepals; monosepalous. Gamut Gam"ut (?), n. [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is fr. the name of the Greek letter Gamma, and Ut.] (Mus.) The scale. Gamy Gam"y (?), a. 1. (Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high-flavored. 2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout. <-- NOTE irregular format for pos ### --> Gan Gan (?), imp. &of; Gin. [See Gin, v.] Began; commenced. NOTE: &hand; Ga n wa s fo rmerly us ed wi th the infinitive to form compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by gunne or gonne. This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great suspicion. Chaucer. The little coines to their play gunne hie (i.e., hied). Chaucer. NOTE: Later writers use gan both for singular and plural. Yet at her speech their rages gan relent. Spenser. Ganch Ganch (?), v. t. [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook, It. gancio.] To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment. Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there to hang until they die. Sandys. Gander Gan"der (?), n. [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G. gander, ganter, and E. goose, gannet. See Goose.] The male of any species of goose. Gane Gane (?), v. i. [See Yawn.] To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ganesa Ga*ne"sa (?), n. (Hind. Myth.) The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence. NOTE: &hand; He is re presented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly and the head of an elephant. Balfour. Gang Gang (?), v. i. [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel. ganga, Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. to walk, Skr. ja leg. &root;48. CF. Go.] To go; to walk. NOTE: &hand; Ob solete in English literature, but still used in the North of England, and also in Scotland. Gang Gang, n. [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. gang a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v. i.] 1. A going; a course. [Obs.] 2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves. 3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of plows. 4. (Naut.) A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays. 5. [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining) The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue. Gang board, OR Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on. -- Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. -- Gang cultivator, Gang plow, a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. -- Gang days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang week (below). -- Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft. -- Gang master, a master or employer of a gang of workmen. -- Gang plank. See Gang board (above). -- Gang plow. See Gang cultivator (above). -- Gang press, a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates. -- Gang saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart. -- Gang tide. See Gang week (below). -- Gang tooth, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell. -- Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell. -- Live gang, OR Round gang, the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation. Knight. -- Slabbing gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam. Ganger Gang"er (?), n. One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] Mayhew. Gangetic Gan*get"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic shark. Gang-flower Gang"-flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) The common English milkwort (Polygala vulgaris), so called from blossoming in gang week. Dr. Prior. Gangion Gan"gion (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A short line attached to a trawl. See Trawl, n. Gangliac, Ganglial Gan"gli*ac (?), Gan"gli*al (?), a. (Anat.) Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic. Gangliate, Gangliated Gan"gli*ate (?), Gan"gli*a`ted (?), a. (Anat.) Furnished with ganglia; as, the gangliated cords of the sympathetic nervous system. Gangliform, Ganglioform Gan"gli*form` (?), Gan"gli*o*form` (?), a. [Ganglion + -form.] (Anat.) Having the form of a ganglion. Ganglion Gan"gli*on (?), n.; pl. L. Ganglia (#), E. Ganglions (#). [L. ganglion a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. ganglion.] 1. (Anat.) (a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve. (b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic ganglion. 2. (Med.) A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it; -- called also weeping sinew. Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See Illust. under Bipolar. Ganglionary Gan"gli*on*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.] (Anat.) Ganglionic. Ganglionic Gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; as, a ganglionic artery; the ganglionic columns of the spinal cord. Gangrel Gan"grel (?), a. [Cf. Gang, v. i.] Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Gangrenate Gan"gre*nate (?), v. t. To gangrene. [Obs.] Gangrene Gan"grene (?), n. [F. gangr\'8ane, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. gras, gar, to devour, and E. voracious, also canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.) A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage. Gangrene Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gangrening.] [Cf. F. gangr\'82ner.] To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene. Gangrenescent Gan`gre*nes"cent (?), a. Tending to mortification or gangrene. Gangrenous Gan"gre*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. gangr\'82neux.] Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene. Gangue Gangue (?), n. [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage. See Gang, n.] (Mining) The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore. Gangway Gang"way` (?), n. [See Gang, v. i.] 1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks. 2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition. 3. (Naut.) The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it. 4. (Naut.) That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly termed the waist. Totten. Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway. -- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway. Ganil Gan"il (?), n. [F.] A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan. Ganister, Gannister Gan"is*ter (?), Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.) A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads. Ganja Gan"ja (?), n. [Hind. g\'benjh\'be.] The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.<-- marijuana, hashish --> Gannet Gan"net (?), n. [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans. NOTE: &hand; Th e common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet. Booby gannet. See Sula. Ganocephala Gan`o*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some ganoid fishes. Ganocephalous Gan`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala. Ganoid Ga"noid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. -- n. One of the Ganoidei. Ganoid scale (Zo\'94l.), one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail. Ganoidal Ga*noid"al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Ganoid. Ganoidei Ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales. NOTE: &hand; They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon. Ganoidian Ga*noid"i*an (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Ganoid. Ganoine Ga"no*ine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale. Gansa Gan"sa (?), n. Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall. Gantlet Gant"let (?), n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to l\'94pa to run. See Gate a way, and Leap.] A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed. To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands. Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights. Palfrey. NOTE: &hand; Written also, but less properly, gauntlet. Gantlet Gant"let, n. A glove. See Gauntlet. Gantline Gant"line` (?), n. A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a girtline. _________________________________________________________________ Page 612 Gantlope Gant"lope` (?), n. See Gantlet. [Obs.] Gantry Gan"try (?), n. See Gauntree. Ganza Gan"za (?), n. [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See Gannet, Goose.] A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson. Gaol Gaol (?), n. [See Jail.] A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the United States usually, written jail.] Commission of general gaol delivery, an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict. [Eng.] -- Gaol delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail. Gaoler Gaol"er (?), n. The keeper of a jail. See Jailer. Gap Gap (?), n. [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See Gape.] An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass. Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap. Knolles. It would make a great gap in your own honor. Shak. Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter. -- To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter. -- To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect. Gap Gap, v. t. 1. To notch, as a sword or knife. 2. To make an opening in; to breach. Their masses are gapp'd with our grape. Tennyson. Gape Gape (?; in Eng, commonly ?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped (? or ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaping] [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D. gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.] 1. To open the mouth wide; as: (a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden.(b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn. She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to rise. Swift. (c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc. With gaping wonderment had stared aghast. Byron. (d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome. They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job xvi. 10. 2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus. May that ground gape and swallow me alive! Shak. 3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with for, after, or at. The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes. Denham. Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze. Gape Gape, n. 1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc. The gapes The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning. (b) A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See Gapeworm. Gaper Gap"er (?), n. 1. One who gapes. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large edible clam (Schizoth\'91rus Nuttalli), of the Pacific coast; -- called also gaper clam. (c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus, related to the broadbills. Gapeseed Gape"seed` (?), n. Any strange sight. Wright. Gapesing Gapes"ing (? OR ?), n. Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.] Gapeworm Gape"worm` (? OR ?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See Illustration in Appendix. Gapingstock Gap"ing*stock` (? OR ?), n. One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder. I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers. Godwin. Gap-toothed Gap"-toothed` (?), a. Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden. Gar Gar (?), n. [Prob. AS. g\'ber dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf. Goad, Gore, v.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike. Gar pike, OR Garpike (Zo\'94l.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America. Gar Gar, v. t. [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.] To cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser. Garancin Gar"an*cin (?; 104), n. [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.] (Chem.) An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of alizarin. Garb Garb (?), n. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garaw\'c6, garw\'c6, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.] 1. (a) Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the 16th century. 2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel. Shak. Garb Garb (?), n. [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf. Skr. grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.) A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified). Garb Garb, v. t. To clothe; array; deck. These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely. Tennyson. Garbage Gar"bage (?; 48), n. [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG. garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb sheaf.] Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome. Grainger. Garbage Gar"bage, v. t. To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are garbaged." Holland. Garbed Garbed (?), a. Dressed; habited; clad. Garbel Gar"bel (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Garboard. Garbel Gar"bel, n. [Cf. Garble, v. t.] Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.] Garble Gar"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garbling.] [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp. garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or perh. rather from Ar. gharb\'bel, gharbil, sieve.] 1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices. [Obs.] 2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account. Garble Gar"ble, n. 1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott. 2. pl. Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called garblings. Garbler Gar"bler (?), n. One who garbles. Garboard Gar"board (?), n. (Naut.) One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a garboard strake. Garboard strake OR streak, the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Totten. Garboil Gar"boil (?), n. [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E. boil.] Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak. Garcinia Gar*cin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; -- so called in honor of Dr. Garcin. Gard Gard (?), n. [See Garde, Yard] Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F. Beaumont. Gard Gard, v. & n. See Guard. Gardant Gar"dant (?), a. [F. See Guardant.] (Her.) Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or other beast. Garden Gar"den (?; 277), n. [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin, of German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See Yard an inclosure.] 1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables. 2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country. I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great Italy. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse. Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). -- Garden engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. -- Garden glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. -- Garden house (a) A summer house. Beau & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] -- Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale. -- Garden mold OR mould, rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. -- Garden nail, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. -- Garden net, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. -- Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence. -- Garden plot, a plot appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. -- Garden pump, a garden engine; a barrow pump. -- Garden shears, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. -- Garden spider, (Zo\'94l.), the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and Spider web. -- Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. -- Garden stuff, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden syringe, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc. -- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] -- Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. -- Bear garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. -- Hanging garden. See under Hanging. -- Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use. -- Market garden, a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use. Garden Gar"den, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gardened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gardening.] To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture. Garden Gar"den, v. t. To cultivate as a garden. Gardener Gar"den*er (?), n. One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist. Gardenia Garde"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden. Gardening Gar"den*ing (?), n. The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture. Gardenless Gar"den*less (?), a. Destitute of a garden. Shelley. Gardenly Gar"den*ly (?), a. Like a garden. [R.] W. Marshall. Gardenship Gar"den*ship, n. Horticulture. [Obs.] Gardon Gar"don (?), n. [F] (Zo\'94l.) A European cyprinoid fish; the id. Gardyloo Gar`dy*loo" (?), n. [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.] An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in Edingburgh. Sir. W. Scott. Gare Gare (?), n. [Cf. Gear.] Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. Blount. Garefowl Gare"fowl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The great auk; also, the razorbill. See Auk. [Written also gairfowl, and gurfel.] Garfish Gar"fish` (?), n. [See Gar, n.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European marine fish (Belone vulgaris); -- called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone, gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea pike. (b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus, of which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T. Caribb\'91us, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more southern; -- called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the European garfish are also applied to the American species. Gargalize Gar"ga*lize (?), v. t. [Cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] To gargle; to rinse. [Obs.] Marston. Garganey Gar"ga*ney (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European duck (Anas querquedula); -- called also cricket teal, and summer teal. Gargantuan Gar*gan"tu*an (?; 135), a. [From Gargantua, an allegorical hero of Rabelais.] Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate. Gargarism Gar"ga*rism (?), n. [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See Gargarize.] (Med.) A gargle. Gargarize Gar"ga*rize (?), v. t. [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr. To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.] Bacon. Garget Garget (?), n. [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate. Cf. Gorge. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.] 1. The throat. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands. 3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite. Youatt. 4. (Bot.) See Poke. Gargil Gar"gil (?), n. [Cf. Garget, Gargoyle.] A distemper in geese, affecting the head. Gargle Gar"gle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle. Gargle Gar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garggled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Gargling ( [F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. Gargoyle, Gurgle.] 1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs. 2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller. Gargle Gar"gle, n. A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect. Gargol Gar"gol (?), n. [Cf. Gargil.] A distemper in swine; garget. Mortimer. Gargoulette Gar`gou*lette" (?), n. [F.] A water cooler or jug with a handle and spout; a gurglet. Mollett. Gargoyle Gar"goyle (?), n. [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp. g\'a0rgola, prob. fr. the same source as F. gorge throat, influenced by L. gargarizare to gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] (Arch.) A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.] Gargyle Gar"gyle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle. Garibaldi Ga`ri*bal"di (?), n. 1. A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot Garibaldi. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep scarlet color. Garish Gar"ish (?), a. [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf. gairish.] 1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention. "The garish sun." "A garish flag." Shak. "In . . . garish colors." Asham. "The garish day." J. H. Newman. Garish like the laughters of drunkenness. Jer. Taylor. 2. Gay to extravagance; flighty. It makes the mind loose and garish. South. -- Gar"ish*ly, adv. -- Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor. Garland Gar"land (?), n. [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F. guirlande; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG. wieren to adorn.] 1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] Graffon. 2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath. Pope. _________________________________________________________________ Page 613 3. The top; the thing most prized. Shak. 4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology. They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under the name of garlands. Percy. 5. (Naut.) (a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision in. (b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in handling. Garland Gar"land (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Garlanding.] To deck with a garland. B. Jonson. Garlandless Gar"land*less, a. Destitute of a garland. Shelley. Garlic Gar"lic (?), n. [OE. garlek, AS. g\'berle\'a0c; gar spear, lance + le\'a0c leek. See Gar, n., and Leek.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Allium (A. sativum is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable. 2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] Taylor (1630). Garlic mustard, a European plant of the Mustard family (Alliaria officinalis) which has a strong smell of garlic. -- Garlic pear tree, a tree in Jamaica (Crat\'91va gynandra), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste. Garlicky Gar"lick*y (?), a. Like or containing garlic. Garment Gar"ment (?), n. [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment, fr. garnir to garnish. See Garnish.] Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc. No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment. Matt. ix. 16. Garmented Gar"ment*ed, p. a. Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment. [Poetic] A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty. Shelley. Garmenture Gar"men*ture (?), n. Clothing; dress. Garner Gar"ner (?), n. [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier, F. grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf. Granary.] A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation. Garner Gar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnering.] To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure. Shak. Garnet Gar"net (?), n. [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F. grenat, LL. granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus having many grains or seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See Grain, and cf. Grenade, Pomegranate.] (Min.) A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms. NOTE: &hand; Th ere are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime (grossularite, essonite, or cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia (pyrope), or aluminia iron (almandine), or aluminia manganese (spessartite), or iron lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite), or chromium lime (ouvarovite, color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate. Garnet berry (Bot.), the red currant; -- so called from its transparent red color. -- Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid. Garnet Gar"net, n. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) A tackle for hoisting cargo in our out. Clew garnet. See under Clew. Garnetiferous Gar`net*if"er*ous (?), a. [1st garnet + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing garnets. Garnierite Gar"ni*er*ite (?), n. [Named after the French geologist Garnier.] (Min.) An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel. Garnish Gar"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnishing.] [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish, garnish, -- of German origin; cf. OHG. warn\'d3n to provide, equip; akin to G. wahren to watch, E. aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E. warn. See Wary, -ish, and cf. Garment, Garrison.] 1. To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish. All within with flowers was garnished. Spenser. 2. (Cookery) To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as, a dish garnished with parsley. 3. To furnish; to supply. 4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] Johnson. 5. (Law) To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See Garnishee, v. t. Cowell. Garnish Gar"nish, n. 1. Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated. So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. Shak. Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this, and that for use. Prior. 2. (Cookery) Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. See Garnish, v. t., 2. Smart. 3. Fetters. [Cant] 4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer. [Cant] Fielding. Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head. Knight. Garnishee Gar`nish*ee" (?), n. (Law) One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money. NOTE: &hand; Th e or der by wh ich wa rning is ma de is called a garnishee order. Garnishee Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnisheed (-&emac;d); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnisheeing.] (Law) (a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish. (b) To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by garnishment); to trustee. Garnisher Gar"nish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, garnishes. Garnishment Gar"nish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. garnissement protection, guarantee, warning.] 1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton. 2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any matter. (b) Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee. 3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4. Garniture Gar"ni*ture (?), n. [F. garniture. See Garnish, v. t.] That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment; furniture; dress. The pomp of groves and garniture of fields. Beattie. Garookuh Ga*roo"kuh (?), n. A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf. Garous Ga"rous (?), a. [From Garum.] Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. Sir T. Browne. Gar pike OR Garpike Gar" pike` OR Gar"pike`. (Zo\'94l.) See under Gar. Garran Gar"ran (?), n. [Gael. garr\'a0n, gearr\'a0n, gelding, work horse, hack.] (Zo\'94l.) See Galloway. [Scot. garron or gerron. Jamieson.] Garret Gar"ret (?), n. [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of lookout, OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. gu\'82rite a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. garir to preserve, save, defend, F. gu\'82rir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. werian to protect, defend, hinder, G. wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and akin to E. weir, or perhaps to wary. See Weir, and cf. Guerite.] 1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.] He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls. Ld. Berners. 2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic. The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome. Macaulay. Garreted Gar"ret*ed, a. Protected by turrets. [Obs.] R. Carew. Garreteer Gar`ret*eer" (?), n. One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack. Macaulay. Garreting Gar"ret*ing (?), n. Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse masonry. Weale. Garrison Gar"ri*son (?), n. [OE. garnisoun, F. garnison garrison, in OF. & OE. also, provision, munitions, from garnir to garnish. See Garnish.] (Mil.) (a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. (b) A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security. In garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison. Garrison Gar"ri*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garrisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garrisoning.] (Mil.) (a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town. (b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to garrison a conquered territory. Garron Gar"ron (?), n. Same as Garran. [Scot.] Garrot Gar"rot (?), n. [F. Cf. Garrote.] (Surg.) A stick or small wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to compress the arteries of a limb. Garrot Gar"rot, n. (Zo\'94l.) The European golden-eye. Garrote Gar*rote" (?), n. [Sp. garrote, from garra claw, talon, of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf. Garrot stick, Garter.] A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is inflicted. Garrote Gar*rote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garroted; p. pr. & vb. n. Garroting.] To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind, with a view to strangle and rob. Garroter Gar*rot"er (?), n. One who seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view to strangle and rob him. Garrulity Gar*ru"li*ty (?), n. [L. garrulitas: cf. F. garrulit\'82.] Talkativeness; loquacity. Garrulous Gar"ru*lous (?), a. [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf. Gr. Call.] 1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious. The most garrulous people on earth. De Quincey. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of birds; as, the garrulous roller. Syn. -- Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. A garrulous person indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details; talkative implies simply a great desire to talk; and loquacious a great flow of words at command. A child is talkative; a lively woman is loquacious; an old man in his dotage is garrulous. -- Gar"ru*lous*ly, adv. -- Gar"ru*lous*ness, n. Garrupa Gar*ru"pa (?), n. [Prob. fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Grouper the fish.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of California market fishes, of the genus Sebastichthys; -- called also rockfish. See Rockfish. Garter Gar"ter (?), n. [OE. gartier, F. jarreti\'8are, fr. OF. garet bend of the knee, F. jarret; akin to Sp. garra claw, Prov. garra leg. See Garrote.] 1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg. 2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself. 3. (Her.) Same as Bendlet. Garter fish (Zo\'94l.), a fish of the genus Lepidopus, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. -- Garter king-at-arms, the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often abbreviated to Garter. -- Garter snake (Zo\'94l.), one of several harmless American snakes of the genus Eut\'91nia, of several species (esp. E. saurita and E. sirtalis); one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous stripes of color. Garter Gar"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gartered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gartering.] 1. To bind with a garter. He . . . could not see to garter his hose. Shak. 2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton. Garth Garth (?), n. [Icel. gar yard. See Yard.] 1. A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth. A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from fruit. Tennyson. 2. A dam or weir for catching fish. Garth Garth, n. [Girth.] A hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.] Garum Ga"rum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the ancients. Garvie Gar"vie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spart; -- called also garvie herring, and garvock. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Gas Gas (?), n.; pl. Gases (#). [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644.] 1. An a\'89riform fluid; -- a term used at first by chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or a\'89riform state. 2. (Popular Usage) (a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen, artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes. (b) Laughing gas. (c) Any irrespirable a\'89riform fluid. <-- 3. gasoline. --> NOTE: &hand; Ga s is often used adjectively or in combination; as, gas fitter or gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc. Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and heating agent. -- Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents. -- Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc. -- Gas coal, a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating gas. R. W. Raymond. -- Gas engine, an engine in which the motion of the piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame or an electric spark.<-- = internal combustion engine --> -- Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas. -- Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas fitter. (b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. -- Gas fixture, a device for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. -- Gas generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor; (c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for a\'89rating water, bread, etc. Knight. -- Gas jet, a flame of illuminating gas. -- Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating gas. -- Gas meter, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place. -- Gas retort, a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. -- Gas stove, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. -- Gas tar, coal tar. -- Gas trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap, 5. -- Gas washer (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it. Knight. -- Gas water, water through which gas has been passed for purification; -- called also gas liquor and ammoniacal water, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue. Tomlinson. -- Gas well, a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged. Raymond. -- Gas works, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities. -- Laughing gas. See under Laughing. -- Marsh gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp. -- Natural gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. -- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See Ethylene. -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.<-- = synthesis gas --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 614 Gasalier Gas`a*lier" (?), n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.] A chandelier arranged to burn gas. Gas-burner Gas"-burn`er (?), n. The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices. Gascoines Gas"coines (?), n. pl. See Gaskins, 1. Lyly. Gascon Gas"con (?; F. ?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. -- n. A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade. Gasconade Gas`con*ade" (?), n. [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.] A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio. Swift. Gasconade Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasconading.] To boast; to brag; to bluster. Gasconader Gas`con*ad"er (?), n. A great boaster; a blusterer. Gascoynes Gas"coynes (?), n. pl. Gaskins. Beau & Fl. Gaseity Gas*e"i*ty (? OR ?), n. State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc. Gaseous Gas"e*ous (? OR ?; 277), a. [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.] 1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an a\'89riform fluid. 2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous information." Sir J. Stephen. Gash Gash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gashing.] [For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum, to pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.] To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to incisions in flesh. Grievously gashed or gored to death. Hayward. Gash Gash, n. A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in flesh. Gashful Gash"ful (?), a. Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A gashful, horrid, ugly shape." Gayton. Gasification Gas`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Gasify.] The act or process of converting into gas. Gasiform Gas"i*form, a. Having a form of gas; gaseous. Gasify Gas"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gasifying.] [Gas + -fy.] To convert into gas, or an a\'89riform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes. Gasify Gas"i*fy (?), v. i. To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state. Scientific American. Gasket Gas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta caburn, garceta reef point.] 1. (Naut.) A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. Sea gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also casket. 2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of packing. Gaskins Gas"kins (?), n.pl. [Cf. Galligaskins.] 1. Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak. 2. Packing of hemp. Simmonds. 3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Gaslight Gas"light` (?), n. 1. The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas. 2. A gas jet or burner. Gasogen Gas"o*gen (?), n. [Gas + -gen.] 1. An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid. 2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging illuminating gas. Gasolene Gas`o*lene (?), n. See Gasoline. Gasolier Gas`o*lier" (?), n. Same as Gasalier. Gasoline Gas"o*line (? OR ?; 104), n. A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See Carburetor.<-- used as a fuel for most automobiles and for other vehicles with a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine --> Gasometer Gas*om"e*ter (? OR ?), n. [Gas + -meter. Cf. F. gazom\'8atre.] An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure required. Gasometric OR, Gasometrical Gas`o*met"ric (? OR ?), Gas`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as, gasometric analysis. Gasometry Gas*om"e*try (? OR ?), n. The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic fluids. Coxe. Gasoscope Gas"o*scope (?), n. [Gas + -scope.] An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house. Gasp Gasp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gasping.] [OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw. g\'84spa, Dan. gispe to gasp.] 1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently. She gasps and struggles hard for life. Lloyd. 2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire. Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain. Spenser. Gasp Gasp, v. t. To emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away, etc. And with short sobs he gasps away his breath. Dryden. Gasp Gasp, n. The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath. At the last gasp, at the point of death. Addison. Gaspereau Gas"per*eau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The alewife. [Local, Canada] Gasserian Gas*se"ri*an (?), a. Relating to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover of the Gasserian ganglion. Gasserian ganglion (Anat.), a large ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve. Gassing Gas"sing (?), n. 1. (Manuf.) The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of singeing. 2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang] Gassy Gas"sy (?), a. Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of boastful or insincere talk. Gast Gast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten, g to frighten, akin to Goth. usgaisjan. See Aghast, Ghastly, and cf. Gaze.] To make aghast; to frighten; to terrify. See Aghast. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak. Gaster Gast"er (?), v. t. To gast. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Gasteromycetes Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne inside a sac called the peridium, as in the puffballs. Gasteropod Gas"ter*o*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropod. Gasteropoda Gas`te*rop`o*da (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropoda. Gasteropodous Gas`ter*op"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropodous. Gastful, Gastly Gast"ful, Gast"ly (, a. [Obs.] See Ghastful, Ghastly. Gastight Gas"tight` (?), a. So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious to gas. Gastness Gast"ness (?), n. See Ghastness. [Obs.] Gastornis Gas*tor"nis (?), n. [NL., from Gaston M. Plante, the discover + Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris basin. Gastr\'91a Gas*tr\'91"a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Biol.) A primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended. This idea constitutes the Gastr\'91a theory of Haeckel. See Gastrula. Gastralgia Gas*tral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders. Gastric Gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. gastrique.] Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the gastric artery. Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric juice. -- Gastric fever (Med.), a fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; -- a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever. -- Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods. -- Gastric remittent fever (Med.), a form of remittent fever with pronounced stomach symptoms. Gastriloquist Gas*tril"o*quist (?), n. [Gr. gasth`r, gastro`s, stomach + L. loqui to speak.] One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist. Gastriloquous Gas*tril"o*quous (?), a. Ventriloquous. [R.] Gastriloquy Gas*tril"o*quy (?), n. A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach; ventriloquy. Gastritis Gas*tri"tis (?), n. [NL., from. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane. Gastro- Gas"tro- (?). A combining form from the Gr. gastrocolic, gastrocele, gastrotomy. Gastrocnemius Gas`troc*ne"mi*us (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the leg. Gastrocolic Gas`tro*col"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + colic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon; as, the gastrocolic, or great, omentum. Gastrodisc Gas`tro*disc (?), n. [Gastro- + disc.] (Biol.) That part of blastoderm where the hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the epibladst. Gastroduodenal Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal (?), a. [Gastro- + -duodenal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum; as, the gastroduodenal artery. Gastroduodenitis Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroduodenal, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most frequent causes of jaundice. Gastroelytrotomy Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr (Surg.) The operation of cutting into the upper part of the vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the C\'91sarean operation, and less dangerous. Gastroenteric Gas`tro*en*te"ric (?), a. [Gastro- + -enteric.] (Anat. & Med.) Gastrointestinal. Gastroenteritis Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroenrteric, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines. Gastroepiploic Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -epiploic.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the stomach and omentum. Gastrohepatic Gas`tro*he*pat"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -hepatic.] (Med.) Pertaining to the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the gastrohepatic, or lesser, omentum. Gastrohysterotomy Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + GR. to cut.] (Surg.) C\'91sarean section. See under C\'91sarean. Gastrointestinal Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal (?), a. [Gastro- + -intestinal.] (Anat. & Med.) Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric. Gastrolith Gas`tro*lith (?), n. [Gastro- + -lith.] (Zo\'94l.) See Crab's eyes, under Crab. Gastrology Gas*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr gastrologie.] The science which treats of the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the stomach. Gastromalacia Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A softening of the coats of the stomach; -- usually a post-morten change. Gastromancy Gas`tro*man"cy (?), n. [Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F. gastromancy.] (Antiq.) (a) A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered from the stomach. (b) A species of divination, by means of glasses or other round, transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to appear by magic art. Gastromyces Gas`tro*my"ces (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach; such as Torula, etc. Gastromyth Gas"tro*myth (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. One whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a ventriloquist. [Obs.] Gastronome, Gastronomer Gas"tro*nome (?), Gas*tron"o*mer (?), n. [F. gastronome, fr. Gr. One fond of good living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott. Gastronomic, Gastronomical Gas`tro*nom"ic (?), Gas`tro*nom"ic*al (, a. [Cf. F. gastronomique.] Pertaining to gastromony. Gastronomist Gas*tron"o*mist (?), n. A gastromomer. Gastronomy Gas*tron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. gastronomie.] The art or science of good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer. Gastrophrenic Gas`tro*phren"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -phrenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm; as, the gastrophrenic ligament. Gastropneumatic Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + pneumatic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the cavities connected with them; as, the gastropneumatic mucuos membranes. Gastropod Gas"tro*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gastropoda. [Written also gasteropod.] Gastropoda Gas*trop"o*da (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.] NOTE: &hand; Th e Ga stropoda ar e di vided in to three subclasses; viz.: (a) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (b) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora. Gastropodous Gas*trop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda. Gastroraphy Gas*tror"a*phy (?), n. [Gr.gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.) The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. Quincy. Gastroscope Gas"tro*scope (?), n. [Gastro- + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for viewing or examining the interior of the stomach. Gastroscopic Gas`tro*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to gastroscopy. Gastroscopy Gas*tros"co*py (?), n. (Med.) Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as with the gastroscope. Gastrosplenic Gas`tro*splen"ic (?), n. [Gastro- + splenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and spleen; as, the gastrosplenic ligament. Gastrostege Gas*tros"tege (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the large scales on the belly of a serpent. Gastrostomy Gas*tros"to*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food. Gastrotomy Gas*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro + Gr. gastrotomie.] (Surg.) A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach. Gastrotricha Gas*trot"ri*cha (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the ventral side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one, related to rotifers and annelids. Gastrotrocha Gas*trot"ro*cha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral side. Gastrovascular Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar (?), a. [Gastro- + -vascular.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the structure, or performing the functions, both of digestive and circulatory organs; as, the gastrovascular cavity of c&oe;lenterates. Gastrula Gas"tru*la (?), n.; pl. Gastrul\'91 (#) [NL., dim. fr. Gr. (Biol.) An embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the blastosphere) on one side, thus giving rise to a double-walled sac, with one opening or mouth (the blastopore) which leads into the cavity (the archenteron) lined by the inner wall (the hypoblast). See Illust. under Invagination. In a more general sense, an ideal stage in embryonic development. See Gastr\'91a. -- a. Of or pertaining to a gastrula. _________________________________________________________________ Page 615 Gastrulation Gas`tru*la"tion (?), n. (Biol.) The process of invagination, in embryonic development, by which a gastrula is formed. Gastrura Gas*tru"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Stomatopoda. Gastrurous Gas*tru"rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Gastrura. Gat Gat (?), imp. of Get. [Obs.] Gate Gate (?), n. [OE. et, , giat, gate, door, AS. geat, gat, gate, door; akin to OS., D., & Icel. gat opening, hole, and perh. to E. gate a way, gait, and get, v. Cf. Gate a way in the wall, 3d Get.] 1. A large door or passageway in the wall of a city, of an inclosed field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.; also, the movable structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the passage can be closed. 2. An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or barrier; or the suspended framework which closes or opens a passage. Also, figuratively, a means or way of entrance or of exit. Knowest thou the way to Dover? Both stile and gate, horse way and footpath. Shak. Opening a gate for a long war. Knolles. 3. A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage of water through a dam, lock, pipe, etc. 4. (Script.) The places which command the entrances or access; hence, place of vantage; power; might. The gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Matt. xvi. 18. 5. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass through or into. 6. (Founding) (a) The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mold; the ingate. (b) The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue or sullage piece. [Written also geat and git.] Gate chamber, a recess in the side wall of a canal lock, which receives the opened gate. -- Gate channel. See Gate, 5. -- Gate hook, the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge. -- Gate money, entrance money for admission to an inclosure. -- Gate tender, one in charge of a gate, as at a railroad crossing. -- Gate valva, a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate which affords a straight passageway when open. -- Gate vein (Anat.), the portal vein. -- To break gates (Eng. Univ.), to enter a college inclosure after the hour to which a student has been restricted. -- To stand in the gate, OR gates, to occupy places or advantage, power, or defense. Gate Gate, v. t. 1. To supply with a gate. 2. (Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within the gates at an earlier hour than usual. Gate Gate, n. [Icel. gata; akin to SW. gata street, lane, Dan. gade, Goth. gatw\'94, G. gasse. Cf. Gate a door, Gait.] 1. A way; a path; a road; a street (as in Highgate). [O. Eng. & Scot.] I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my gate. Sir W. Scott. 2. Manner; gait. [O. Eng. & Scot.] Gated Gat"ed (?), a. Having gates. Young. Gatehouse Gate"house` (?), n. A house connected or associated with a gate. Gateless Gate"less, a. Having no gate. Gateman Gate"man (?), n. A gate keeper; a gate tender. Gatepost Gate"post` (?), n. 1. A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also swinging OR hinging post. 2. A post against which a gate closes; -- called also shutting post. Gateway Gate"way` (?), n. A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame, arch, etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an entrance or gate designed for ornament or defense. Gatewise Gate"wise` (?), adv. In the manner of a gate. Three circles of stones set up gatewise. Fuller. Gather Gath"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gathered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gathering.] [OE. gaderen, AS. gaderian, gadrian, fr. gador, geador, together, fr. g\'91d fellowship; akin to E. good, D. gaderen to collect, G. gatte husband, MHG. gate, also companion, Goth. gadiliggs a sister's son. &root;29. See Good, and cf. Together.] 1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster; to congregate. And Belgium's capital had gathered them Her beauty and her chivalry. Byron. When he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together. Matt. ii. 4. 2. To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck. A rose just gathered from the stalk. Dryden. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles? Matt. vii. 16. Gather us from among the heathen. Ps. cvi. 47. 3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass; to gain; to heap up. He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor. Prov. xxviii. 8. To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money by degrees. Locke. 4. To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to plait; as, to gather a ruffle. Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand In act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand. Pope. 5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove; to infer; to conclude. Let me say no moreGather the sequel by that went before. Shak. 6. To gain; to win. [Obs.] He gathers ground upon her in the chase. Dryden. 7. (Arch.) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue, or the like. 8. (Naut.) To haul in; to take up; as, to gather the slack of a rope. To be gathered to one's people, OR to one's fathers to die. Gen. xxv. 8. -- To gather breath, to recover normal breathing after being out of breath; to get breath; to rest. Spenser. -- To gather one's self together, to collect and dispose one's powers for a great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap. -- To gather way (Naut.), to begin to move; to move with increasing speed. Gather Gath"er (?), v. i. 1. To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled; to congregate. When small humors gather to a gout. Pope. Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes. Tennyson. 2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase. Their snowball did not gather as it went. Bacon. 3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus; as, a boil has gathered. 4. To collect or bring things together. Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strewed. Matt. xxv. 26. Gather Gath"er, n. 1. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a pucker. 2. (Carriage Making) The inclination forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels from working outward. 3. (Arch.) The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in gathering. See Gather, v. t., 7. Gatherable Gath"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gathered or collected; deducible from premises. [R.] Godwin. Gatherer Gath"er*er (?), n. 1. One who gathers or collects. 2. (Sewing Machine) An attachment for making gathers in the cloth. Gathering Gath"er*ing, n. 1. The act of collecting or bringing together. 2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought together; as: (a) A crowd; an assembly; a congregation. (b) A charitable contribution; a collection. (c) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess. Gathering Gath"er*ing, a. Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating. Gathering board (Bookbinding), a table or board on which signatures are gathered or assembled, to form a book. Knight. -- Gathering coal, a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about which kindling wood is gathered in the morning. -- Gathering hoop, a hoop used by coopers to draw together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped over them. -- Gathering peat. (a) A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to preserve a fire. (b) In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by the Highlanders. Gatling gun Gat"ling gun` (. [From the inventor, R.J. Gatling.] An American machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired. NOTE: &hand; Th e im proved Gatling gun can be fired at the rate of 1,200 shots per minute. Farrow. Gatten tree Gat"ten tree` (?). [Cf. Prov. E. gatter bush.] (Bot.) A name given to the small trees called guelder-rose (Viburnum Opulus), cornel (Cornus sanguinea), and spindle tree (Euonymus Europ\'91us). Gat-toothed Gat"-toothed` (?), a. [OE. gat goat + tooth. See Goat the animal.] Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton. [Obs.] Gauche Gauche (?), n. [F.] 1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy. 2. (Geom.) Winding; twisted; warped; -- applied to curves and surfaces. Gaucherie Gauche`rie" (?), n. [F.] An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness. Gaucho Gau"cho (?), n., pl. Gauchos ( [Sp.] On of the native inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American descent. They live mostly by rearing cattle. Gaud Gaud (?), n. [OE. gaude jest, trick, gaudi bead of a rosary, fr. L. gaudium joy, gladness. See Joy.] 1. Trick; jest; sport. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Deceit; fraud; artifice; device. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket. "An idle gaud." Shak. Gaud Gaud, v. i. [Cf. F. se gaudir to rejoice, fr. L. gaudere. See Gaud, n.] To sport or keep festival. [Obs.] "Gauding with his familiars. " [Obs.] Sir T. North. Gaud Gaud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauding.] To bedeck gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint. [Obs.] "Nicely gauded cheeks." Shak. Gaud-day Gaud"-day` (?), n. See Gaudy, a feast. Gaudery Gaud"er*y (?), n. Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display. [R.] "Tarnished gaudery." Dryden. Gaudful Gaud"ful (?), a. Joyful; showy. [Obs.] Gaudily Gaud"i*ly (?), adv. In a gaudy manner. Guthrie. Gaudiness Gaud"i*ness, n. The quality of being gaudy. Whitlock. Gaudish Gaud"ish, a. Gaudy. "Gaudish ceremonies." Bale. Gaudless Gaud"less, a. Destitute of ornament. [R.] Gaudy Gaud"y (?), a. [Compar. Gaudier (?); superl. Gauidiest.] 1. Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or meretricious. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not expressed in fancy; rich, not gaudy. Shak. 2. Gay; merry; festal. Tennyson. Let's have one other gaudy night. Shak. Gaudy Gaud"y, n.; pl. Gaudies (#) [See Gaud, n.] One of the large beads in the rosary at which the paternoster is recited. [Obs.] Gower. Gaudy Gaud"y, n. A feast or festival; -- called also gaud-day and gaudy day. [Oxford Univ.] Conybeare. Gaudygreen Gaud"y*green` (?), a. OR n. [OE. gaude grene.] Light green. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Gauffer Gauf"fer (?), v. t. [F. gaufrer to figure cloth, velvet, and other stuffs, fr. gaufre honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See Waffle, Wafer, and cf. Goffer, Gopher an animal.] To plait, crimp, or flute; to goffer, as lace. See Goffer. Gauffering Gauf"fer*ing (?), n. A mode of plaiting or fluting. Gauffering iron, a kind of fluting iron for fabrics. -- Gauffering press (Flower Manuf.), a press for crimping the leaves and petals into shape. Gauffre Gauf"fre (?), n. [See Gopher.] (Zo\'94l.) A gopher, esp. the pocket gopher. Gauge Gauge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gauging (?)] [OF. gaugier, F. jauger, cf. OF. gauge gauge, measuring rod, F. jauge; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L. qualificare to determine the qualities of a thing (see Qualify); but cf. also F. jalon a measuring stake in surveying, and E. gallon.] >[Written also gage.] 1. To measure or determine with a gauge. 2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg. 3. (Mech.) To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a gunlock. The vanes nicely gauged on each side. Derham. 4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as cloth or a garment. 5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to judge of. You shall not gauge me By what we do to-night. Shak. Gauge Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon. There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds. I. Taylor. 2. Measure; dimensions; estimate. The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt. Burke. 3. (Mach. & Manuf.) Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button maker's gauge. 4. (Physics) Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment; -- usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a steam gauge. 5. (Naut.) (a) Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it. (b) The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. Totten. 6. The distance between the rails of a railway. NOTE: &hand; Th e st andard gauge of railroads in most countries is four feet, eight and one half inches. Wide, or broad, gauge, in the United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now called narrow gauge. It varies from two feet to three feet six inches. 7. (Plastering) The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its setting. 8. (Building) That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles. Gauge of a carriage, car, etc., the distance between the wheels; -- ordinarily called the track. -- Gauge cock, a stop cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the height of the water level in a steam boiler. -- Gauge concussion (Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel flange striking the edge of the rail. -- Gauge glass, a glass tube for a water gauge. -- Gauge lathe, an automatic lathe for turning a round object having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a templet or gauge. -- Gauge point, the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given measure; -- a term used in gauging casks, etc. -- Gauge rod, a graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc. -- Gauge saw, a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut. Knight. -- Gauge stuff, a stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet. -- Gauge wheel, a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to determine the depth of the furrow. -- Joiner's gauge, an instrument used to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board, etc. -- Printer's gauge, an instrument to regulate the length of the page. -- Rain gauge, an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain at any given place. -- Salt gauge, or Brine gauge, an instrument or contrivance for indicating the degree of saltness of water from its specific gravity, as in the boilers of ocean steamers. -- Sea gauge, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea. -- Siphon gauge, a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury, -- used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump or other vacuum; a manometer. -- Sliding gauge. (Mach.) (a) A templet or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc. (b) A gauge used only for testing other similar gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the working gauges. (c) (Railroads) See Note under Gauge, n., 5. -- Star gauge (Ordnance), an instrument for measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of its length. -- Steam gauge, an instrument for measuring the pressure of steam, as in a boiler. -- Tide gauge, an instrument for determining the height of the tides. -- Vacuum gauge, a species of barometer for determining the relative elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the air. -- Water gauge. (a) A contrivance for indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler; as by a gauge cock or glass. (b) The height of the water in the boiler. -- Wind gauge, an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface; an anemometer. -- Wire gauge, a gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under Wire. _________________________________________________________________ Page 616 Gaugeable Gauge"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gauged. Gauged Gauged (?), p. a. Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge. Gauged brick, brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape, for arches or ornamental work. -- Gauged mortar. See Gauge stuff, under Gauge, n. Gauger Gau"ger (?), n. One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to ascertain the contents of casks. Gauger-ship Gau"ger-ship, n. The office of a gauger. Gauging rod Gau"ging rod`. See Gauge rod, under Gauge, n. Gaul Gaul (?), n. [F. Gaule, fr. L. Gallia, fr. Gallus a Gaul.] 1. The Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the Romans included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul). 2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul. Gaulish Gaul"ish (?), a. Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.] Gault Gault (?), n. [Cf. Norw. gald hard ground, Icel. gald hard snow.] (Geol.) A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England, between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous period. Gaultheria Gaul*the"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of ericaceous shrubs with evergreen foliage, and, often, edible berries. It includes the American winter-green (Gaultheria procumbens), and the larger-fruited salal of Northwestern America (Gaultheria Shallon). Gaunt Gaunt (?), a. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. gwan weak.] Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. "The gaunt mastiff." Pope. A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt and fleshless across our land. Nichols. Gauntlet Gaunt"let (?), n. (Mil.) See Gantlet. Gauntlet Gaunt"let (?), n. [F. gantelet, dim. of gant glove, LL. wantus, of Teutonic origin; cf. D. want, Sw. & Dan. vante, Icel. v\'94ttr, for vantr.] 1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds. NOTE: &hand; The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the whole hand except the palm and the inside of the fingers. 2. A long glove, covering the wrist. 3. (Naut.) A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying. To take up the gauntlet, to accept a challenge. -- To throw down the gauntlet, to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases. Gauntletted Gaunt"lett*ed, a. Wearing a gauntlet. Gauntly Gaunt"ly, adv. In a gaunt manner; meagerly. Gauntree, Gauntry Gaun"tree (?), Gaun"try (?), n. [F. chantier, LL. cantarium, fr. L. canterius trellis, sort of frame.] 1. A frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Engin.) A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other structure. Knight. Gaur Gaur (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian species of wild cattle (Bibos gauris), of large size and an untamable disposition. [Spelt also gour.] Gaure Gaure (?), v. i. To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gauze Gauze (?), n. [F. gaze; so called because it was first introduced from Gaza, a city of Palestine.] A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire gauze; cotton gauze. Gauze dresser, one employed in stiffening gauze. Gauze Gauze, a. Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, gauze merino underclothing. Gauziness Gauz"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness. Ruskin. Gauzy Gauz"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze. Gave Gave (?), imp. of Give. Gavel Gav"el (?), n. A gable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Gavel Gav"el, n. [OF. gavelle, F. javelle, prob. dim. from L. capulus handle, fr. capere to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W. gafael hold, grasp. Cf. Heave.] A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle. Wright. Gavel Gav"el, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] 1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc. 2. A mason's setting maul. Knight. Gavel Gav"el, n. [OF. gavel, AS. gafol, prob. fr. gifan to give. See Give, and cf. Gabel tribute.] (Law) Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See Gabel. Cowell. Gavelet Gav"el*et (?), n. [From Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) An ancient special kind of cessavit used in Kent and London for the recovery of rent. [Obs.] Gavelkind Gav"el*kind` (?), n. [OE. gavelkynde, gavelkende. See Gavel tribute, and Kind, n.] (O. Eng. Law) A tenure by which land descended from the father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still prevails in the county of Kent. Cowell. Gaveloche Gav"e*loche (?), n. Same as Gavelock. Gavelock Gav"e*lock (?), n. [OE. gaveloc a dart, AS. gafeluc; cf. Icel. gaflok, MHG. gabil, OF. gavelot, glavelot, F. javelot, Ir. gabhla spear, W. gaflach fork, dart, E. glave, gaff] 1. A spear or dart. [R. & Obs.] 2. An iron crow or lever. [Scot. & North of Eng.] Gaverick Ga"ver*ick (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European red gurnard (Trigla cuculus). [Prov. Eng.] Gavi\'91 Ga"vi\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gavia a sea mew.] (Zo\'94l.) The division of birds which includes the gulls and terns. Gavial Ga"vi*al (?), n. [Hind. ghariu: cf. F. gavial.] (Zo\'94l.) A large Asiatic crocodilian (Gavialis Gangeticus); -- called also nako, and Gangetic crocodile. NOTE: &hand; The gavial has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It inhabits the Ganges and other rivers of India. The name is also applied to several allied fossil species. Gavot Gav"ot (? OR ?; 277), n. [F. gavotte, fr. Gavots, a people inhabiting a mountainous district in France, called Gap.] (Mus.) A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune, the air of which has two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains in common time, each played twice over. [Written also gavotte.] Gawby Gaw"by (?), n. A baby; a dunce. [Prov. Eng.] Gawk Gawk (?), n. [OE. gok, gowk, cuckoo, fool, Icel. gaukr cuckoo; akin to OHG. gouh, G. gauch cuckoo, fool, AS. g\'82ac cuckoo, Sw. g\'94k, Dan. gi\'94g] 1. A cuckoo. Johnson. 2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky. Carlyle. Gawk Gawk, v. i. To act like a gawky. Gawky Gawk"y (?), a. [Compar. Gawkier (?); superl. Gawkiest.] Foolish and awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, gawky behavior. -- n. A fellow who is awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk. Gawn Gawn (?), n. [Corrupted fr. gallon.] A small tub or lading vessel. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson. Gawntree Gawn"tree (?), n. See Gauntree. Gay Gay (?), a. [Compar. Gayer (?); superl. Gayest.] [F. gai, perhaps fr. OHG. g swift, rapid, G. g\'84h, j\'84h, steep, hasty; or cf. OHG. w beatiful, good. Cf. Jay.] 1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry. Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. Pope. Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed. Gray. 2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed. Why is my neighbor's wife so gay? Chaucer. A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton dressMilton. 3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light-hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious. Gay Gay, n. An ornament [Obs.] L'Estrange. Gayal Gay"al (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A Southern Asiatic species of wild cattle (Bibos frontalis). Gaydiang Gay"di*ang (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts, lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a Chinese junk. Gayety Gay"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Gayeties (. [Written also gaiety.] [F. gaiet\'82. See Gay, a.] 1. The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight; -- used often in the plural; as, the gayeties of the season. 2. Finery; show; as, the gayety of dress. Syn. -- Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee; blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See Liveliness. Gaylus-site Gay"lus-site` (?), n. [Named after Gay-Lussac, the French chemist.] (Min.) A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the carbonates of lime and soda, with water. Gayly Gay"ly (?), adv. 1. With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully. 2. Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies gayly dressed; a flower gayly blooming. Pope. Gayne Gayne (?), v. i. [See Gain.] To avail. [Obs.] Gayness Gay"ness (?), n. Gayety; finery. [R.] Gaysome Gay"some (?), a. Full of gayety. Mir. for Mag. Gaytre Gay"tre (?), n. [See Gaitre.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gaze Gaze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gazing.] [OE. gasen, akin to dial. Sw. gasa, cf. Goth. us-gaisjan to terrify, us-geisnan to be terrified. Cf. Aghast, Ghastly, Ghost, Hesitate.] To fixx the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious attention. Why stand ye gazing up into heaven? Acts i. 11. Syn. -- To gape; stare; look. -- To Gaze, Gape, Stare. To gaze is to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited interest or elevated emotion; to gape is to look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder; to stare is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature gazes with delight on the beauties of the landscape; the rustic gapes with wonder at the strange sights of a large city; the idiot stares on those around with a vacant look. Gaze Gaze, v. t. To view with attention; to gaze on . [R.] And gazed a while the ample sky. Milton. Gaze Gaze, n. 1. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a continued look of attention. With secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton. 2. The object gazed on. Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze. Milton. At gaze (a) (Her.) With the face turned directly to the front; -- said of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this position, upon an escutcheon. (b) In a position expressing sudden fear or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing. I that rather held it better men should perish one by one, Than that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in Ajalon! Tennyson. Gazeebo Ga*zee"bo (?), n. [Humorously formed from gaze.] A summerhouse so situated as to command an extensive prospect. [Colloq.] Gazeful Gaze"ful (?), a. Gazing. [R.] Spenser. Gazehound Gaze"hound` (?), n. A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent. Sir W. Scott. Gazel Ga"zel (?), n. The black currant; also, the wild plum. [Prov. Eng.] Gazel Ga*zel" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gazelle. Gazelle Ga*zelle" (?), n. [F. gazelle, OF. also, gazel; cf. Sp. gacela, Pr. gazella, It. gazella; all fr. Ar. ghaz a wild goat.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several small, swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the genus Gazella, esp. G. dorcas; -- called also algazel, corinne, korin, and kevel. The gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft expression of their eyes. [Written also gazel.] <-- subtypes --> NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon sp ecies of No rthern Af rica (G azella dorcas); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel (G. Arabica); the mohr of West Africa (G. mohr); the Indian (G. Bennetti); the ahu or Persian (G. subgutturosa); and the springbok or tsebe (G. euchore) of South Africa, are the best known. Gazement Gaze"ment (?), n. View. [Obs.] Spenser. Gazer Gaz"er (?), n. One who gazes. Gazet Ga*zet (?), n. [It.. gazeta, gazzetta, prob. dim. of L. gaza royal treasure.] A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or one and a half cents. [Obs.] Gazette Ga*zette" (?), n. [F. gazette, It. gazzetta, perh. from gazetta a Venetian coin (see Gazet), said to have been the price of the first newspaper published at Venice; or perh. dim. of gazza magpie, a name perh. applied to the first newspaper; cf. OHG. agalstra magpie, G. elster.] A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp., the official journal published by the British government, and containing legal and state notices. Gazette Ga*zette", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gazetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazetting.] To announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as an appointment, or a case of bankruptcy. Gazetteer Gaz`et*teer" (?), n. [Cf. F. gazetier.] 1. A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by authority. Johnson. 2. A newspaper; a gazette. [Obs.] Burke. 3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and descriptions, etc., of many places. 4. An alphabetical descriptive list of anything. Gazingstock Gaz"ing*stock` (?), n. A person or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt. Bp. Hall. Gazogene Gaz"o*gene (?), n. [F. gazog\'8ane; gaz gas + -g\'8ane, E. -gen.] A portable apparatus for making soda water or a\'89rated liquids on a small scale. Knight. Gazon Ga*zon" (?), n. [F. gazon turf, fr. OHG. waso, G. wasen.] (Fort.) One of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of earthworks. Ge- Ge- (?). An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See Y-. Geal Geal (?), v. i. [F. geler, fr. L. gelare, fr. gelu. See Gelid.] To congeal. [Obs. or Scot.] Gean Gean (?), n. [F. guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. w\'c6hsila, G. weichsel.] (Bot.) A species of cherry tree common in Europe (Prunus avium); also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color. Geanticlinal Ge`an*ti*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. anticlinal.] (Geol.) An upward bend or flexure of a considerable portion of the earth's crust, resulting in the formation of a class of mountain elevations called anticlinoria; -- opposed to geosynclinal. Gear Gear (?), n. [OE. gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing, adornment, armor, fr. gearo, gearu, ready, yare; akin to OHG. garaw\'c6, garw\'c6 ornament, dress. See Yare, and cf. Garb dress.] 1. Clothing; garments; ornaments. Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear. Spenser. 2. Goods; property; household stuff. Chaucer. Homely gear and common ware. Robynson (More's Utopia) 3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or material. Clad in a vesture of unknown gear. Spenser. 4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping. 5. Warlike accouterments. [Scot.] Jamieson. 6. Manner; custom; behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer. 7. Business matters; affairs; concern. [Obs.] Thus go they both together to their gear. Spenser. 8. (Mech.) (a) A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a bevel gear; also, toothed wheels, collectively. (b) An apparatus for performing a special function; gearing; as, the feed gear of a lathe. (c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in gear; out of gear. 9. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b). 10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wright. That servant of his that confessed and uttered this gear was an honest man. Latimer. Bever gear. See Bevel gear. -- Core gear, a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See Mortise wheel, under Mortise. -- Expansion gear (Steam Engine), the arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain part of the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston expansively; the cut-off. See under Expansion. -- Feed gear. See Feed motion, under Feed, n. -- Gear cutter, a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear wheels by cutting. -- Gear wheel, any cogwheel. -- Running gear. See under Running. -- To throw in, OR out of, gear (Mach.), to connect or disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of, working relation. _________________________________________________________________ Page 617 Gear Gear (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gearing.] 1. To dress; to put gear on; to harness. 2. (Mach.) To provide with gearing. Double geared, driven through twofold compound gearing, to increase the force or speed; -- said of a machine. Gear Gear, v. i. (Mach.) To be in, or come into, gear. Gearing Gear"ing, n. 1. Harness. 2. (Mach.) The parts by which motion imparted to one portion of an engine or machine is transmitted to another, considered collectively; as, the valve gearing of locomotive engine; belt gearing; esp., a train of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery. Frictional gearing. See under Frictional. -- Gearing chain, an endless chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to another. See Illust. of Chain wheel. -- Spur gearing, gearing in which the teeth or cogs are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface (properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting motion between parallel shafts, etc. Geason Gea"son (?), a. [OE. gesen, geson, rare, scanty, AS. g barren, wanting. Cf. Geest.] Rare; wonderful. [Obs.] Spenser. Geat Geat (?), n. [See Gate a door.] (Founding) The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [Written also git, gate.] Gecarcinian Ge`car*cin"i*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A land crab of the genus Gecarcinus, or of allied genera. Geck Geck (?), n. [D. gek fool, fop; akin to G. geck; cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person.] 1. Scorn, derision, or contempt. [Prov. Eng.] 2. An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull. [Obs.] To become the geck and scorn O'the other's villainy. Shak. Geck Geck, v. t. [Cf. OD. ghecken, G. gecken. See Geck, n.] 1. To deride; to scorn; to mock. [Prov. Eng.] 2. To cheat; trick, or gull. [Obs.] Johnson. Geck Geck, v. i. To jeer; to show contempt. Sir W. Scott. Gecko Geck"o (?), n.; pl. Geckoes (#). [Cf. F. & G. gecko; -- so called from the sound which the animal utters.] (Zo\'94l.) Any lizard of the family Geckonid\'91. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the United States. See Wall gecko, Fanfoot. Geckotian Geck*o"tian (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gecko. Ged, Gedd Ged, Gedd (, n. The European pike. Gee Gee (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geeing.] 1. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] Forby. 2. [Cf. G. j\'81, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. gi\'95, F. dia, used to turn a horse to the left.] To turn to the off side, or from the driver (i.e., in the United States, to the right side); -- said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the imperative, often with off, by drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to haw, or hoi. [Written also jee.] NOTE: &hand; In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side. In all cases, however, gee means to turn from the driver, and haw to turn toward him. Gee ho, OR Gee whoa. Same as Gee. Gee Gee, v. t. [See Gee to turn.] To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or from the driver. [Written also jee.] Geer, Geering Geer (?), Geer"ing. [Obs.] See Gear, Gearing. Geese Geese (?), n., pl. of Goose. Geest Geest (?), n. [Cf. LG. geest, geestland, sandy, dry and, OFries. g&emac;st, g&amac;st, g&emac;stlond, g&amac;stlond, fr. Fries. g&amac;st barren. Cf. Geason.] Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin. R. Jameson. Geet Geet (?), n. [See Jet.] Jet. [Obs.] Chaucer. Geez Geez (?), n. The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or people. See Ethiopic. Gehenna Ge*hen"na (?), n. [L. Gehenna, Gr. G.] (Jewish Hist.) The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell. The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell. Milton. Geic Ge"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or vegetable mold. Geic acid. (Chem.) See Humin. Gein Ge"in (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) See Humin. Geissler tube Geis"sler tube` (?). (Elec.) A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; -- so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also Pl\'81cker tube, from the German physicist who devised it. Geitonogamy Gei"to*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the same plant. Gelable Gel"a*ble (?), a. [L. gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable. See Geal.] Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into jelly. Gelada Gel"a*da (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A baboon (Gelada Ruppelli) of Abyssinia, remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of the adult male. Gelastic Ge*las"tic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing. "Gelastic muscles." Sir T. Browne. Gelatification Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Gelatin + L. -ficare. (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Physiol. Chem.) The formation of gelatin. Gelatigenous Gel`a*tig"e*nous (?), n. [Gelatin + -genous.] (Physiol. Chem.) Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the gelatigeneous tissues. Gelatin, Gelatine Gel"a*tin, Gel"a*tine (, n. [F. g\'82latine, fr. L. gelare to congeal. See Geal.] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol. Chem.), a nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but its nutritious qualities are of a low order. NOTE: &hand; Both spellings, gelatin and gelatine, are in good use, but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in -in, as in the United States Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacop\'d2ia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary. Blasting gelatin, an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of collodion. -- Gelatin process, a name applied to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of gelatin. Especially: (a) (Photog.) A dry-plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material. This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it. (b) (Print.) A method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or electrotype plates. (c) (Print. or Copying) A method of producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper. -- Vegetable gelatin. See Gliadin. Gelatinate Ge*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelatinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gelatinating.] To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling jelly. Gelatinate Ge*lat"i*nate, v. i. To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly. Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but gelatinates with the mineral acids. Kirwan. Gelatination Ge*lat`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance like jelly. Gelatine Gel"a*tine (?), n. Same as Gelatin. Gelatiniferous Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous (?), a. [Gelatin + -ferous.] (Physiol. Chem.) Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of gelatination. Gelatiniform Gel`a*tin"i*form (?), a. Having the form of gelatin. Gelatinization Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion (?), n. Same as Gelatination. Gelatinize Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. t. 1. To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as Gelatinate, v. t. 2. (Photog.) To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin. Gelatinize Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. i. Same as Gelatinate, v. i. Gelatinous Ge*lat"i*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82latineux.] Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous. Gelation Ge*la"tion (?), n. [L. gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to freeze.] (Astron.) The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and solidifying. Geld Geld (?), n. [AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, payment, fr. gieldan to pay, render. See Yield.] Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.[Obs.] NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd occurs in old law books in composition, as in danegeld, or danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes; weregeld, compensation for the life of a man, etc. Geld Geld (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelded or Gelt (p. pr. & vb. n. Gelding.] [Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan. gilde, Sw. g\'84lla, and cf. AS. gilte a young sow, OHG. galt dry, not giving milk, G. gelt, Goth. gilpa siclke.] 1. To castrate; to emasculate. 2. To deprive of anything essential. Bereft and gelded of his patrimony. Shak. 3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book, or a story; to expurgate. [Obs.] Dryden. Geldable Geld"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gelded. Geldable Geld"a*ble, a. [From Geld money.] Liable to taxation. [Obs.] Burrill. Gelder Geld"er (?), n. One who gelds or castrates. Gelder-rose Gel"der-rose (?), n. Same as Guelder-rose. Gelding Geld"ing (?), n. [Icel. gelding a gelding, akin to geldingr wether, eunuch, Sw. g\'84lling gelding, Dan. gilding eunuch. See Geld, v. t.] A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but formerly used also of the human male. They went down both into the water, Philip and the gelding, and Philip baptized him. Wyclif (Acts viii. 38). Gelding Geld"ing, p. pr. a. & vb. n.. from Geld, v. t. Gelid Gel"id (?), a. [L. gelidus, fr. gelun frost, cold. See Cold, and cf. Congeal, Gelatin, Jelly.] Cold; very cold; frozen. "Gelid founts." Thompson. Gelidity Ge*lid"i*ty (?), n. The state of being gelid. Gelidly Gel"id*ly (?), adv. In a gelid manner; coldly. Gelidness Gel"id*ness, n. The state of being gelid; gelidity. Gelly Gel"ly (?), n. Jelly. [Obs.] Spenser. Geloscopy Ge*los"copy (?), n. [Gr. -scopy.] Divination by means of laughter. Gelose Ge*lose" (?), n. [See Gelatin.] (Chem.) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate, found in Gelidium, agar-agar, and other seaweeds. Gelsemic Gel*se"mic (?), a. Gelseminic. Gelsemine Gel"se*mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens), as a bitter white semicrystalline substance; -- called also gelsemia. Gelseminic Gel`se*min"ic (?), n. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens); as, gelseminic acid, a white crystalline substance resembling esculin. Gelsemium Gel*se"mium (?), n. [NL., fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens) is a native of the Southern United States. It has showy and deliciously fragrant flowers. 2. (Med.) The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc. Gelt Gelt (?), n. [See 1st Geld.] Trubute, tax. [Obs.] All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all gelts and payments, in a most full and ample manner. Fuller. Gelt Gelt, n. [See Gelt, v. t.] A gelding. [Obs.] Mortimer. Gelt Gelt, n. Gilding; tinsel. [Obs.] Spenser. Gem Gem (?), n. [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma a precious stone, bud.] 1. (Bot.) A bud. From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised called a gem. Denham. 2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel. Milton. 3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying. Artificial gem, an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. Paste, and Strass. Gem Gem v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gemming] 1. To put forth in the form of buds. "Gemmed their blossoms." [R.] Milton. 2. To adorn with gems or precious stones. 3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with dewdrops. England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces. W. Irving. Gemara Ge*ma"ra (?), n. [Heb.] (Jewish Law) The second part of the Talmud, or the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or text). Gemaric Ge*mar"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Gemara. Gemarist Ge*ma"rist (?), n. One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings. Gemel Gem"el (?), a. [OF. gemel twin, F. jumeau, L. gemellus twin, doubled, dim. of geminus. See Gemini, and cf. Gimmal.] (Her.) Coupled; paired. Bars gemel (Her.), two barrulets placed near and parallel to each other. Gemel Gem"el (?), n. 1. One of the twins. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. (Heb.) One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each other. Cf. Bars gemel, under Gemel, a. Two gemels silver between two griffins passant. Strype. Gemel hinge (Locksmithing), a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and a hook. -- Gemel ring, a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See Gimbal. -- Gemel window, a window with two bays. Gemellipa-rous Gem`el*lip"a-rous (?), a. [L. gemellipara, fem., gemellus twin + parere to bear, produce.] Producing twins. [R.] Bailey. Geminal Gem"i*nal (?), a. [L. geminus twin.] A pair. [Obs.] Drayton. Geminate Gem"i*nate (?), a. [L. geminatus, p.p. of genimare to double. See Gemini.] (Bot.) In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as, geminate flowers. Gray. Geminate Gem"i*nate (?), v. t. To double. [R.] B. Jonson. Gemination Gem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. geminatio.] A doubling; duplication; repetition. [R.] Boyle. Gemini Gem"i*ni (?), n. pl. [L., twins, pl. of geminus; cf. Skr. j related as brother or sister.] (Astron.) A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux; also, the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th. Geminiflorous Gem`i*ni*flo"rous (?), a. [L. geminus twin + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having the flowers arranged in pairs. Geminous Gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. geminus.] Double; in pairs. Sir T. Browne. Geminy Gemi*ny (?), n. [See Gemini.] Twins; a pair; a couple. [Obs.] Shak. Gemitores Gem`i*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemere, gemitum, to sign, moan.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including the true pigeons. Gemma Gem"ma (?), n.; pl. Gemm\'91 (#). [L., a bud.] 1. (Bot.) A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud. 2. (Biol.) A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the parent cell. Gemmaceous Gem*ma"ceous (?), a. Of or pertaining to gems or to gemm\'91; of the nature of, or resembling, gems or gemm\'91. Gemmary Gem"ma*ry (?), a. [L. gemmarius. See Gem.] Of or pertaining to gems. _________________________________________________________________ Page 618 Gemmary Gem"ma*ry (?), n. A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems, collectively. Gemmate Gem"mate (?), a. [L. gemmatus, p. p. of gemmare to put forth buds, fr. gemma bud.] (Bot.) Having buds; reproducing by buds. Gemmated Gem"ma*ted (?), a. Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels. Gemmation Gem*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gemmation.] 1. (Biol.) The formation of a new individual, either animal or vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See Budding. 2. (Bot.) The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the bud. Gemmeous Gem"me*ous (?), a. [L. gemmeus. See Gem.] Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems. Pennant. Gemmiferous Gem*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. gemma bud + -ferous: cf. F. gemmif\'8are.] Producing gems or buds; (Biol.) multiplying by buds. Gemmification Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Biol.) The production of a bud or gem. Gemmiflorate Gem`mi*flo"rate (?), a. [L. gemma bud + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having flowers like buds. Gemminess Gem"mi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness. Gemmipara Gemmipares Gem*mip"a*ra (?) Gem*mip"a*res (?) n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemma bud + parere to produce.] (Zo\'94l.) Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids. Gemmiparity Gem`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See Budding. Gemmiparous Gem*mip"a*rous (?), a. [Cf. F. gemmipare.] (Biol.) Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See Gemmation, 1. Gemmosity Gem*mos"i*ty (?), n. [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem.] The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.] Bailey. Gemmulation Gem`mu*la"tion (?), n. [From L. gemmula, dim. of gemma bud.] (Biol.) See Gemmation. Gemmule Gem"mule (?), n. [L. gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F. gemmule. See Gem.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons. (b) One of the buds of mosses. (c) One of the reproductive spores of alg\'91. (d) An ovule. 2. (Biol.) (a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation. (b) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis. Gemmuliferous Gem`mu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Gemmule + -ferous.] Bearing or producing gemmules or buds. Gemmy Gem"my (?), a. [From Gem, n.] 1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem. The gemmy bridle glittered free. Tennyson. 2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.] Gemote Ge*mote" (?), n. [As. gem an assembly. See Meet, v. t.] (AS. Hist.) A meeting; -- used in combination, as, Witenagemote, an assembly of the wise men. Gems Gems (?), n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) The chamois. Gemsbok Gems"bok (?), n. [D.; akin to G. gemsbock the male or buck of the chamois; gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock buck.] (Zo\'94l.) A South African antelope (Oryx Capensis), having long, sharp, nearly straight horns. Gems-horn Gems"-horn` (?), n. [G., prop., chamois horn.] (Mus.) An organ stop with conical tin pipes. Gemul Ge*mul" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small South American deer (Furcifer Chilensis), with simple forked horns. [Written also guemul.] -gen -gen (?). [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos race, stock (see Genus). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf. F. -g\'8ane.] 1. A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of producing, generating: as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen. 2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen. Gena Ge"na (?), [L., the cheek.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird. (b) The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are attached. Genappe Ge*nappe" (?), n. [From Genappe, in Belgium.] A worsted yarn or cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe, etc. Simmonds. Gendarme Gen`darme" (?), n.; pl. Gendarmes (#), or Gens d'armes. [F.] 1. (Mil.) One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France] 2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray. Gendarmery Gen*darm"er*y (?), n. [F. gendarmerie.] The body of gendarmes. Gender Gen"der (?), n. [OF. genre, gendre (with excrescent d.), F.genre, fr. L. genus, generis, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E. kin. See Kin, and cf. Generate, Genre, Gentle, Genus.] 1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] "One gender of herbs." Shak. 2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.] 3. (Gram.) A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated with sex. Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living objects. R. Morris. NOTE: &hand; Ad jectives an d pr onouns ar e said to vary in gender when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to which they refer. Gender Gen"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gendering.] [OF. gendrer, fr. L. generare. See Gender, n.] To beget; to engender. Gender Gen"der, v. i. To copulate; to breed. [R.] Shak. Genderless Gen"der*less, a. Having no gender. Geneagenesis Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.) Alternate generation. See under Generation. Genealogic Gen`e*a*log"ic (?), a. Genealogical. Genealogical Gen`e*a*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82alogique.] Of or pertaining to genealogy; as, a genealogical table; genealogical order. -- Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Genealogical tree, a family lineage or genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its branches. Genealogist Gen`e*al"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82alogiste.] One who traces genealogies or the descent of persons or families. Genealogize Gen`e*al"o*gize (?), v. i. To investigate, or relate the history of, descents. Genealogy Gen`e*al"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Genealogies (#). [OE. genealogi, genelogie, OF. genelogie, F. g\'82n\'82alogie, L. genealogia, fr. Gr. genus) + 1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree. 2. Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree; lineage. Genearch Gen"e*arch (?), n. [Gr. The chief of a family or tribe. Genera Gen"e*ra (?), n. pl. See Genus. Generability Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being generated. Johnstone. Generable Gen"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. generabilis.] Capable of being generated or produced. Bentley. General Gen"er*al (?), a. [F. g\'82n\'82ral, fr. L. generalis. See Genus.] 1. Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; as, a general law of animal or vegetable economy. 2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or particular; including all particulars; as, a general inference or conclusion. 3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; as, a loose and general expression. 4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general custom. This general applause and cheerful sShak. 5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our general sire. Milton. 6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part. His general behavior vain, ridiculous. Shak. 7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method. NOTE: &hand; The word general, annexed to a name of office, usually denotes chief or superior; as, attorney-general; adjutant general; commissary general; quartermaster general; vicar-general, etc. General agent (Law), an agent whom a principal employs to transact all his business of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally. -- General assembly. See the Note under Assembly. -- General average, General Court. See under Average, Court. -- General court-martial (Mil.), the highest military and naval judicial tribunal. -- General dealer (Com.), a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use. -- General demurrer (Law), a demurrer which objects to a pleading in general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects. Abbott. -- General epistle, a canonical epistle. -- General guides (Mil.), two sergeants (called the right, and the left, general guide) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching. Farrow. -- General hospitals (Mil.), hospitals established to receive sick and wounded sent from the field hospitals. Farrow. General issue (Law), an issue made by a general plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once, without offering any special matter to evade it. Bouvier. Burrill. -- General lien (Law), a right to detain a chattel, etc., until payment is made of any balance due on a general account. -- General officer (Mil.), any officer having a rank above that of colonel. -- General orders (Mil.), orders from headquarters published to the whole command. -- General practitioner, in the United States, one who practices medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as surgeon. -- General ship, a ship not chartered or let to particular parties. -- General term (Logic), a term which is the sign of a general conception or notion. -- General verdict (Law), the ordinary comprehensive verdict in civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for the defendant". Burrill. -- General warrant (Law), a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend suspected persons, without naming individuals. Syn. General, Common, Universal. Common denotes primarily that in which many share; and hence, that which is often met with. General is stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a genus, or whole. Universal, that which pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write is so common an attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it general, though by no means universal. Gen"er*al (?), n. [F. g\'82n\'82ral. See General., a.] 1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or the chief part; -- opposed to particular. In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees to generals. Locke. 2. (Mil.) One of the chief military officers of a government or country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a brigade. In European armies, the highest military rank next below field marshal. NOTE: &hand; In the United States the office of General of the Army has been created by temporary laws, and has been held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. <-- = 5-star general. Eisenhower? MacArthur? Pershing? -->Popularly, the title General is given to various general officers, as General, Lieutenant general, Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See Brigadier general, Lieutenant general, Major general, in the Vocabulary. 3. (Mil.) The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; as, to beat the general. 4. (Eccl.) The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations under the same rule. 5. The public; the people; the vulgar. [Obs.] Shak. In general, in the main; for the most part. Generalia Gen`e*ra"li*a (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.] Generalities; general terms. J. S. Mill. Generalissimo Gen`er*al*is"si*mo (?), n. [It., superl. of generale general. See General, a.] The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander in chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under separate commanders; -- a title used in most foreign countries. Generality Gen`er*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Generalities (#). [L. generalitas: cf. F. g\'82n\'82ralit\'82. Cf. Generalty.] 1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or particulars. Hooker. 2. That which is general; that which lacks specificalness, practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or phrase. Let us descend from generalities to particulars. Landor. The glittering and sounding generalities of natural right which make up the Declaration of Independence. R. Choate. 3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the generality of a nation, or of mankind. Generalizable Gen"er*al*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form of statement, or brought under a general rule. Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable. Coleridge Generalization Gen`er*al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82ralisation.] 1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing individuals or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a general principle from particulars. Generalization is only the apprehension of the one in the many. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. A general inference. Generalize Gen"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Generalizing (?).] [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82raliser.] 1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a genus or to genera. Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more by referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air. W. Nicholson. 2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make universal in application, as a formula or rule. When a fact is generalized, our discontent is quited, and we consider the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation. Sir W. Hamilton. 3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle) from particulars. A mere conclusion generalized from a great multitude of facts. Coleridge. Generalize Gen"er*al*ize, v. i. To form into a genus; to view objects in their relations to a genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views. Generalized Gen"er*al*ized (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Comprising structural characters which are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; as, a generalized type. Generalizer Gen"er*al*i`zer (, n. One who takes general or comprehensive views. Tyndall. Generally Gen"er*al*ly, adv. 1. In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most frequently. 2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the whole; comprehensively. Generally speaking, they live very quietly. Addison. 3. Collectively; as a whole; without omissions. [Obs.] I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee. 2 Sam. xvii. ll. Generalness Gen"er*al*ness, n. The condition or quality of being general; frequency; commonness. Sir P. Sidney. Generalship Gen"er*al*ship, n. 1. The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a general; -- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of a general. Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene. Goldsmith. 2. Military skill in a general officer or commander. 3. Fig.: Leadership; management. An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a dust. Sterne. Generalty Gen"er*al*ty (?), n. Generality. [R.] Sir M. Hale. Generant Gen"er*ant (?), a. [L. generans, p. pr. of generare.] Generative; producing; esp. (Geom.), acting as a generant. Generant Gen"er*ant, n. 1. That which generates. Glanvill. 2. (Geom.) A generatrix. Generate Gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Generating.] [L. generatus, p. p. of generare to generate, fr. genus. See Genus, Gender.] 1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar to the parent); to engender; as, every animal generates its own species. 2. To cause to be; to bring into life. Milton. 3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to produce; to cause. Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must likewise generate milk. Arbuthnot. 4. (Math.) To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of a point or a magnitude of inferior order. _________________________________________________________________ Page 619 Generation Gen`er*a"tion (?), n. [OE. generacioun, F. g\'82n\'82ration, fr.L. generatio.] 1. The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals. 2. Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital; production; formation; as, the generation of sounds, of gases, of curves, etc. 3. That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring. 4. A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father is succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century; an age. This is the book of the generations of Adam. Gen. v. 1. Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long season, namely, seven generations. Baruch vi. 3. All generations and ages of the Christian church. Hooker. 5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock. Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be a dog? Shak. 6. (Geom.) The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; as, the generation of a line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc. 7. (Biol.) The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend reproduction. NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e fo ur mo des of ge neration in the animal kingdom: scissiparity or by fissiparous generation, gemmiparity or by budding, germiparity or by germs, and oviparity or by ova. Alternate generation (Biol.), alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in which the products of one process differ from those of the other, -- a form of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and these in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a generation is formed which develops sexual organs, and the original form is reproduced. -- Spontaneous generation (Biol.), the fancied production of living organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis. Generative Gen"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82ratif.] Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or producing. "That generative particle." Bentley. Generator Gen"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces. 2. An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid or solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam boiler, gas retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid gas, etc. 3. (Mus.) The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced; the fundamental note or root of the common chord; -- called also generating tone. Generatrix Gen`er*a"trix (?), n.; pl. L. Generatrices (#), E. Generatrixes (#). [L.] (Geom.) That which generates; the point, or the mathematical magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a line, surface, or solid; -- called also describent. Generic, Generical Ge*ner"ic (?), Ge*ner"ic*al (?), a. [L. genus, generis, race, kind: cf. F. g\'82n\'82rique. See Gender.] 1. (Biol.) Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a genus, as distinct from a species, or from another genus; as, a generic description; a generic difference; a generic name. 2. Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or their characteristics; -- opposed to specific. Generically Ge*ner"ic*al*ly, adv. With regard to a genus, or an extensive class; as, an animal generically distinct from another, or two animals or plants generically allied. Genericalness Ge*ner"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being generic. Generification Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. genus kind, class + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act or process of generalizing. Out of this the universal is elaborated by generification. Sir W. Hamilton. Generosity Gen`er*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. generositas: cf. F. g\'82n\'82rosit\'82.] 1. Noble birth. [Obs.] Harris (Voyages). 2. The quality of being noble; noble-mindedness. Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid estimation of other men's virtues and good qualities. Barrow. 3. Liberality in giving; munificence. Syn. -- Magnanimity; liberality. Generous Gen"er*ous (?), a. [F. g\'82n\'82reux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.] 1. Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [Obs.] The generous and gravest citizens. Shak. 2. Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded as belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous; spirited; courageous. "The generous critic." Pope. "His generous spouse." Pope. "A generous pack [of hounds]." Addison. 3. Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly; munificent; as, a generous friend or father. 4. Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; as, a generous table. Swift. 5. Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; as, generous wine. Syn. -- Magnanimous; bountiful. See Liberal. -- Gen"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Gen"er*ous*ness, n. Genesee epoch Gen`e*see" ep"och (?). (Geol.) The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the American Devonian system; -- so called because the formations of this period crop out in Genesee, New York. Genesial Ge*ne"sial (?), a. Of or relating to generation. Genesiolgy Ge*ne`si*ol"gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The doctrine or science of generation. Genesis Gen"e*sis (?), n. [L., from Gr. genus birth, race. See Gender.] 1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination. The origin and genasis of poor Sterling's club. Carlyle. 2. The first book of the Old Testament; -- so called by the Greek translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the world and of the human race. 3. (Geom.) Same as Generation. Genet, Genette Gen"et (?), Ge*nette" (, n. [F. genette, Sp. gineta, fr. Ar. jarnei 1. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus Genetta, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a pouch. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon ge net (G enetta vu lgaris) of So uthern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white. The Cape genet (G. felina), and the berbe (G. pardina), are related African species. 2. The fur of the common genet (Genetta vulgaris); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this fur. Genet Gen"et (?), n. [See Jennet.] A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish horse; a jennet. Shak. Genethliac Ge*neth"li*ac (?), a. [L. genethliacus, Gr. Pertaining to nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars at one's birth. Howell. Genethliac Ge*neth"li*ac, n. 1. A birthday poem. 2. One skilled in genethliacs. Genethliacal Gen`eth*li"a*cal (?), a. Genethliac. Genethliacs Ge*neth"li*acs (?), n. The science of calculating nativities, or predicting the future events of life from the stars which preside at birth. Jhonson. Genethlialogy Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Divination as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or art of casting nativities; astrology. Genethliatic Ge*neth`li*at"ic (?), n. One who calculates nativities. Sir W. Drummond. Genetic Ge*net"ic (?), a. Same as Genetical. Genetical Ge*net"ic*al (?), a. [See Genesis.] Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of production or development. This historical, genetical method of viewing prior systems of philosophy. Hare. Genetically Ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a genetical manner. Geneva Ge*ne"va (?), n. The chief city of Switzerland. Geneva Bible, a translation of the Bible into English, made and published by English refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the first which recognized the division into verses, and the first which ommited the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called also Genevan Bible. -- Geneva convention (Mil.), an agreement made by representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of those who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral, and this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865. -- Geneva cross (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white ground; -- the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva convention. Geneva Ge*ne"va (?), n. [F. geni\'8avre juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF. geneivre juniper, fr. L. juniperus the juniper tree: cf. D. jenever, fr. F. geni\'8avre. See Juniper, and cf. Gin a liquor.] A strongly alcoholic liquor, flavores with juniper berries; -- made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands. Genevan Ge*ne"van (?), a. Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese. Genevan Ge*ne"van, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Geneva. 2. A supported of Genevanism. Genevanism Ge*ne"van*ism (?), n. [From Geneva, where Calvin resided.] Strict Calvinism. Bp. Montagu. Genevese Gen`e*vese" (?), a. [Cf. L. Genevensis, F. g\'82nevois.] Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of Geneva; people of Geneva. Genial Ge*ni"al (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Genian. Genial Gen"ial (?), a. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.] 1. Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. "The genial bed." Milton. Creator Venus, genial power of love. Dryden. 2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as, she was of a cheerful and genial disposition. So much I feel my genial spirits droop. Milton. 3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural; inborn. [Obs.] Natural incapacity and genial indisposition. Sir T. Browne. 4. Denoting or marked with genius [R.] Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less genial works. Hare. Genial gods (Pagan Mythol.), the powers supposed to preside over marriage and generation. Geniality Ge`ni*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. genialitas.] The quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and manners. Genially Gen"ial*ly (?), adv. 1. By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.] Some men are genially disposed to some opinions. Glanvill. 2. Gayly; cheerfully. Johnson. Genialness Gen"ial*ness, n. The quality of being genial. Genian Ge*ni"an (?), a. [Gr. Chin.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the chin; mental; as, the genian prominence. Geniculate Ge*nic"u*late (?), a. [L. geniculatus, fr. geniculum little knee, knot or joint, dim. of genu knee. See Knee.] Bent abruptly at an angle, like the knee when bent; as, a geniculate stem; a geniculate ganglion; a geniculate twin crystal. Geniculate Ge*nic"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geniculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geniculating.] To form joints or knots on. [R.] Cockeram. Geniculated Ge*nic"u*la`ted (?), a. Same as Geniculate. Geniculation Ge*nic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. geniculatio a kneeling.] 1. The act of kneeling. [R.] Bp. Hall. 2. The state of being bent abruptly at an angle. G\'82nie G\'82`nie (?), n. [F.] See Genius. Genio Ge"ni*o (?), n. [It. See Genius.] A man of a particular turn of mind. [R.] Tatler. Geniohyoid Ge`ni*o*hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. hyoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; as, the geniohyoid muscle. Genipap Gen"i*pap (?), n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (Genipa Americana) of the order Rubiace\'91. It is oval in shape, as a large as a small orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark purple juice. Genista Ge*nis"ta (?), n. [L., broom.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the common broom of Western Europe. Genital Gen"i*tal (?), a. [L. genitalis, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F. g\'82nital. See Gender.] Pertaining to generation, or to the generative organs. Genital cord (Anat.), a cord developed in the fetus by the union of portions of the Wolffian and M\'81llerian ducts and giving rise to parts of the urogenital passages in both sexes. Genitals Gen"i*tals (?), n. pl. [From Genital, a.: cf. L. genitalia.] The organs of generation; the sexual organs; the private parts. Geniting Gen"i*ting (?), n. [See Jenneting.] A species of apple that ripens very early. Bacon. Genitival Gen`i*ti"val (?), a. Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the genitive case; as, a genitival adverb. -- Gen`i*ti"val*ly, adv. Genitive Gen"i*tive (?), a. [L. genitivus, fr. gignere, genitum, to beget: cf. F. g\'82nitif. See Gender.] (Gram.) Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses source or possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English. Genitive Gen"i*tive, n. (Gram.) The genitive case. Genitive absolute, a construction in Greek similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See Ablative absolute. Genitocrural Gen`i*to*cru"ral (?), a. [Genital + crural.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; -- applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves. Genitor Gen"i*tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who begets; a generator; an originator. Sheldon. 2. pl. The genitals. [Obs.] Holland. Genitourinary Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry (?), a. [Genital + urinary.] (Anat.) See Urogenital. Geniture Gen"i*ture (?), n. [L. genitura: cf. F. g\'82niture.] Generation; procreation; birth. Dryden. Genius Gen"ius (?), n.; pl. E. Geniuses (#); in sense 1, L. Genii (#). [L. genius, prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or place, taste, talent, genius, from genere, gignere, to beget, bring forth. See Gender, and cf. Engine.] 1. A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. Jinnee. The unseen genius of the wood. Milton. We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The genius of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity. Tylor. 2. The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each individual is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination, or disposition; as, a genius for history, for poetry, or painting. 3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion, a language. 4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power; especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations; as, a man of genius. Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the modifyng power. Coleridge. 5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a rare genius. Syn. -- Genius, Talent. Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature, impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort, and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. Talent supposes general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and purposes. Genius is connected more or less with the exercise of imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. Talent depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of a genius for poetry, painting. etc., and a talent for business or diplomacy. Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his genius; William Pitt for his pre\'89minent talents, and especially his unrivaled talent for debate. _________________________________________________________________ Page 620 Genius loci ( [L.], the genius or presiding divinity of a place; hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a college, etc. Genoese Gen`o*ese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of Genoa. Genouill\'8are Ge*nouil`l\'8are" (?), n. [F.] 1. (Anc. Armor) A metal plate covering the knee. 2. (Fort.) That part of a parapet which lies between the gun platform and the bottom of an embrasure. -genous -ge*nous. [-gen + -ous.] A suffix signifying producing, yielding; as, alkaligenous; endogenous. Genre Genre (?), n. [F. See Gender.] (Fine Arts) A style of painting, sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates everyday life and manners. Gens Gens (?), n.; pl. Gentes (#). [L. See Gentle, a.] (Rom. Hist.) 1. A clan or family connection, embracing several families of the same stock, who had a common name and certain common religious rites; a subdivision of the Roman curia or tribe. 2. (Ethnol.) A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American aborigines. It includes those who have a common descent, and bear the same totem. Gent Gent (?), a. [OF. gent, fr. L. genitus born, or (less prob.) fr. gentilis. See Genteel.] 1. Gentle; noble; of gentle birth. [Obs.] All of a knight [who] was fair and gent. Chaucer. 2. Neat; pretty; fine; elegant. [Obs.] Spenser. Her body gent and small. Chaucer. Genteel Gen*teel" (?), a. [F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful. See Gentle.] 1. Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded as belonging to high birth and breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness of taste or behavior; adapted to a refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred; as, genteel company, manners, address. 2. Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner; as, the lady has a genteel person. Law. 3. Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; as, to live in a genteel allowance. Syn. -- Polite; well-bred; refined; polished. Genteelish Gen*teel"ish, a. Somewhat genteel. Genteelly Gen*teel"ly, adv. In a genteel manner. Genteelness Gen*teel"ness, n. The quality of being genteel. Genterie, Gentrie Gen"ter*ie (?), Gen"trie (, n. [OE. See Gentry.] Nobility of birth or of character; gentility. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gentian Gen"tian (?), n. [OE. genciane, F. gentiane, L. gentiana, fr. Gentius, an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its properties.] (Bot.) Any one of a genus (Gentiana) of herbaceous plants with opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla, usually blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See Illust. of Capsule. NOTE: &hand; Ma ny sp ecies ar e fo und on the highest mountains of Europe, Asia, and America, and some are prized for their beauty, as the Alpine (Gentiana verna, Bavarica, and excisa), and the American fringed gentians (G. crinita and G. detonsa). Several are used as tonics, especially the bitter roots of Gentiana lutea, the officinal gentian of the pharmacop&oe;ias. Horse gentian, fever root. -- Yellow gentian (Bot.), the officinal gentian (Gentiana lutea). See Bitterwort. Gentianaceous Gen`tian*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Gentianace\'91) of which the gentian is the type. Gentianella Gen`tian*el"la (?), n. [See Gentian.] A kind of blue color. Johnson. Gentianic Gen`ti*an"ic (?), a. Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; as, gentianic acid. Gentianine Gen"tian*ine (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter, crystallizable substance obtained from gentian. Gentianose Gen"tian*ose` (?), n. (Chem.) A crystallizable, sugarlike substance, with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian. Gentil Gen"til (?), a. & n. Gentle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gentile Gen"tile (?), n. [L. gentilis belonging to the same clan, stock, race, people, or nation; in opposition to Roman, a foreigner; in opposition to Jew or Christian, a heathen: cf. F. gentil. See Gentle, a.] One of a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a worshiper of false gods; a heathen. NOTE: &hand; The Hebrews included in the term g\'d3yim, or nations, all the tribes of men who had not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The Christians translated g\'d3yim by the L. gentes, and imitated the Jews in giving the name gentiles to all nations who were neither Jews nor Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all nations who were not Romans. Syn. -- Pagan; heathen. See Pagan. Gentile Gen"tile, a. 1. Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished from the Jews; ethnic; of pagan or heathen people. 2. (Gram.) Denoting a race or country; as, a gentile noun or adjective. Gentile-falcon Gen"tile-fal`con (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Falcon-gentil. Gentilesse Gen`ti*lesse" (?), n. [OF. gentilesse, gentelise, F. gentillesse. See Gentle. a.] Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gentilish Gen"til*ish (?), a. Heathenish; pagan. Gentilism Gen"til*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. gentilisme.] 1. Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods. 2. Tribal feeling; devotion to one's gens. Gentilitial, Gentilitious Gen`ti*li"tial (?), Gen`ti*li"tious (?), a. [L. gentilitius. See Gentile.] [Obs.] 1. Peculiar to a people; national. Sir T. Browne. 2. Hereditary; entailed on a family. Arbuthnot. Gentility Gen*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. gentilitas the relationship of those who belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. gentilit\'82 heathenism. See Gentile.] 1. Good extraction; dignity of birth. Macaulay. He . . . mines my gentility with my education. Shak. 2. The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well born, as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, politeness of manner, a graceful and easy mien and behavior, etc.; good breeding. 3. The class in society who are, or are expected to be, genteel; the gentry. [R.] Sir J. Davies. 4. Paganism; heathenism. [Obs.] Hooker. Gentilize Gen"til*ize (?), v. i. [See Gentile.] 1. To live like a gentile or heathen. [Obs.] Milton. 2. To act the gentleman; -- with it (see It, 5). [Obs.] Gentilize Gen"til*ize, v. i. To render gentile or gentlemanly; as, to gentilize your unworthy sones. [R.] Sylvester. Gentilly Gen"til*ly (?), adv. [From Gentil, a.] In a gentle or hoble manner; frankly. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gentiopikrin Gen`ti*o*pi"krin (?), n. [Gentian + Gr. (Chem.) A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the gentian. Gentisin Gen"ti*sin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from the gentian; -- called also gentianin. Gentle Gen"tle (?), a. [Compar. Gentler (?); superl. Gentlest (?).] [OE. gentil, F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L. gentilis of the same clan or race, fr. gens, gentis, tribe, clan, race, orig. that which belongs together by birth, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget; hence gentle, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble birth. See Gender, and cf. Genteel, Gentil, Gentile, Gentoo, Jaunty.] 1. Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble. British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and families are either noble, gentle, or simple. Johnson's Cyc. The studies wherein our noble and gentle youth ought to bestow their time. Milton. 2. Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature, temper, or disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice. 3. A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as, gentle reader. "Gentle sirs." "Gentle Jew." "Gentle servant." Shak. 4. Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame; peaceable; as, a gentle horse. 5. Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a gentle gallop. "Gentle music." Sir J. Davies. O sleep! it is a gentle thing. Coleridge. The gentle craft, the art or trade of shoemaking. Syn. -- Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific; bland; soft; tame; tractable; docile. -- Gentle, Tame, Mild, Meek. Gentle describes the natural disposition; tame, that which is subdued by training; mild implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily provoked; meek, a spirit which has been schooled to mildness by discipline or suffering. The lamb is gentle; the domestic fowl is tame; John, the Apostle, was mild; Moses was meek. Gentle Gen"tle, n. 1. One well born; a gentleman. [Obs.] Gentles, methinks you frown. Shak. 2. A trained falcon. See Falcon-gentil. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A dipterous larva used as fish bait. Gentle Gent"le, v. t. 1. To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable. [R. or Poet.] To gentle life's descent, We shut our eyes, and think it is a plain. Young. 3. To make kind and docile, as a horse. [Colloq.] Gentlefolk, Gentlefolks Gen"tle*folk` (?), Gen"tle*folks` (, n. pl. Persons of gentle or good family and breeding. [Generally in the United States in the plural form.] Shak. Gentle-hearted Gen"tle-heart`ed (?), a. Having a kind or gentle disposition. Shak. -- Gen"tle-heart`ed*ness, n. Gentleman Gen"tle*man (?), n.; pl. Gentlemen (#). [OE. gentilman nobleman; gentil noble + man man; cf. F. gentilhomme.] 1. A man well born; one of good family; one above the condition of a yeoman. 2. One of gentle or refined manners; a well-bred man. 3. (Her.) One who bears arms, but has no title. 4. The servant of a man of rank. The count's gentleman, one Cesario. Shak. 5. A man, irrespective of condition; -- used esp. in the plural (= citizens; people), in addressing men in popular assemblies, etc. NOTE: &hand; In Gr eat Britain, the term gentleman is applied in a limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who are without a title, and, in this sense, gentlemen hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry. In a more extended sense, it includes every man above the rank of yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the United States, the term is applied to men of education and good breeding of every occupation. Gentleman commoner, one of the highest class of commoners at the University of Oxford. -- Gentleman usher, one who ushers visitors into the presence of a sovereign, etc. -- Gentleman usher of the black rod, an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter, whose chief duty is to serve as official messenger of the House of Lords. -- Gentlemen-at-arms, a band of forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign on state occasions; formerly called gentlemen pensioners. [Eng.] Gentlemanhood Gen"tle*man*hood (?), n. The qualities or condition of a gentleman. [R.] Thackeray. Gentlemanlike, Gentlemanly Gen"tle*man*like` (?), Gen"tle*man*ly (?), a. Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman; well-behaved; courteous; polite. Gentlemanliness Gen"tle*man*li*ness (?), n. The state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or manners. Gentlemanship Gen"tle*man*ship, n. The carriage or quality of a gentleman. Gentleness Gen"tle*ness, n. The quality or state of being gentle, well-born, mild, benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners, disposition, etc.; mildness. Gentleship Gen"tle*ship, n. The deportment or conduct of a gentleman. [Obs.] Ascham. Gentlesse Gent"lesse (?), n. Gentilesse; gentleness. [Obs.] Gentlewoman Gen"tle*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Gentlewomen (. 1. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the vulgar. Bacon. 2. A woman who attends a lady of high rank. Shak. Gently Gen"tly (?), adv. In a gentle manner. My mistress gently chides the fault I made. Dryden. Gentoo Gen*too" (?), n.; pl. Gentoos (#). [Pg. gentio gentile, heathen. See Gentile.] A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo. [Archaic] Gentry Gen"try (?), n. [OE. genterie, gentrie, noble birth, nobility, cf. gentrise, and OF. gentelise, genterise, E. gentilesse, also OE. genteleri high-mindedness. See Gent, a., Gentle, a.] 1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. [Obs.] "Pride of gentrie." Chaucer. She conquers him by high almighty Jove, By knighthood, gentry, and sweet friendship's oath. Shak. 2. People of education and good breeding; in England, in a restricted sense, those between the nobility and the yeomanry. Macaulay. 3. Courtesy; civility; complaisance. [Obs.] To show us so much gentry and good will. Shak. Genty Gen"ty (?), a. [From F. gentil. Cf. Jaunty.] Neat; trim. [Scot.] Burns. Genu Ge"nu (?), n.; pl. Genua (#). [L., the knee.] (Anat.) (a) The knee. (b) The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the brain. Genuflect Gen`u*flect" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Genuflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Genuflecting.] [See Genuflection.] To bend the knee, as in worship. Genuflection Gen`u*flec"tion (?), n. [F. g\'82nuflexion, fr. LL. genuflexio, fr. L. genu knee + flexio a bending, fr. flectere, flexum, to bend. See Knee, Flexible.] The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship. Bp. Stillingfleet. Genuine Gen"u*ine (?), a. [L. genuinus, fr. genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born: cf. F. g\'82nuine. See Gender.] Belonging to, or proceeding from, the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure; as, a genuine text; a genuine production; genuine materials. "True, genuine night." Dryden. Syn. -- Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed; unadulterated. See Authentic. -- Gen"u*ine*ly, adv. -- Gen"u*ine*ness, n. The evidence, both internal and external, against the genuineness of these letters, is overwhelming. Macaulay. Genus Ge"nus (?), n.; pl. Genera (#). [L., birth, race, kind, sort; akin to Gr. Gender, and cf. Benign.] 1. (Logic) A class of objects divided into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms. 2. (Biol.) An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is natural genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more or less an artificial genus. NOTE: &hand; Th us in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger, cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the vegetable kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus. Some genera are represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum (Nightshade) and Carex (Sedge), others by few, and some by only one known species. Subaltern genus (Logic), a genus which may be a species of a higher genus, as the genus denoted by quadruped, which is also a species of mammal. -- Summum genus [L.] (Logic), the highest genus; a genus which can not be classed as a species, as being . Genys Ge"nys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Conys. Geocentric, Geocentrical Ge`o*cen"tric (?), Ge`o*cen"tric*al (?), a. [Gr. g\'82ocentrique.] (Astron.) (a) Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to or seen from the earth, -- usually opposed to heliocentric, as seen from the sun; as, the geocentric longitude or latitude of a planet. (b) Having reference to the center of the earth. Geocentric latitude (of place) the angle included between the radius of the earth through the place and the plane of the equator, in distinction from geographic latitude. It is a little less than the geographic latitude. Geocentrically Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In a geocentric manner. Geocronite Ge*oc"ro*nite (?), n. [Gr. geokronit.] (Min.) A lead-gray or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of arsenic. Geocyclic Ge`o*cyc"lic (?), a. [Gr. 1. Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the earth; as, a geocyclic machine. 2. Circling the earth periodically. Geode Ge"ode (?), n. [F. g\'82ode, L. geodes, fr. Gr. (Min.) (a) A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined with crystals or mineral matter. (b) The cavity in such a nodule. _________________________________________________________________ Page 621 Geodephagous Ge`o*deph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Living in the earth; -- applied to the ground beetles. Geodesic, Geodesical Ge`o*des"ic (?), Ge`o*des"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82od\'82sique.] (Math.) Of or pertaining to geodetic. Geodesic Ge`o*des"ic, n. A geodetic line or curve. Geodesist Ge*od"e*sist (?), n. One versed in geodesy. Geodesy Ge*od"e*sy (?), n. [Gr. g\'82od\'82sie.] (Math.) That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast. Geodetic, Geodetical Ge`o*det"ic (?), Ge`o*det"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to gebdesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic surveying; geodetic observers. Geodetic line OR curve, the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be drawn on any surface between any two points. Geodetically Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy. Geodetics Ge`o*det"ics (?), n. Same as Geodesy. Geodiferous Ge`o*dif"er*ous (?), a. [Geode + -ferous.] (Min.) Producing geodes; containing geodes. Geoduck Ge"o*duck (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A gigantic clam (Glycimeris generosa) of the Pacific coast of North America, highly valued as an article of food. Geognosis Ge`og*no"sis (?), n. [See Geognosy.] Knowledge of the earth. [R.] G. Eliot. Geognost Ge"og*nost (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82ognoste.] One versed in geognosy; a geologist. [R.] Geognostic, Geognostical Ge`og*nos"tic (?), Ge`og*nos"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ognostique.] Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the earth; geological. [R.] Geognosy Ge*og"no*sy (?), n. [Gr. g\'82ognosie.] That part of geology which treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general exterior and interior constitution. Geogonic, Geogonical Ge`o*gon"ic (?), Ge`o*gon"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ogonique.] Of or pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth. Geogony Ge*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. g\'82ogonie.] The branch of science which treats of the formation of the earth. Geographer Ge*og"ra*pher (?), n. One versed in geography. Geographic, Geographical Ge`o*graph"ic (?), Ge`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [L. geographicus, Gr. g\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to geography. Geographical distribution. See under Distribution. -- Geographic latitude (of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure and a true sphere. -- Geographical mile. See under Mile. -- Geographical variation, any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions. Geographically Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geographical manner or method; according to geography. Geography Ge*og"ra*phy (?), n.; pl. Geographies (#). [F. g\'82ographie, l. geographia, fr. Gr. Graphic.] 1. The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including its structure, fetures, products, political divisions, and the people by whom it is inhabited. 2. A treatise on this science. Astronomical, or Mathematical, geography treats of the earth as a planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions. -- Physical geography treats of the conformation of the earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals, plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc. -- Political geography treats of the different countries into which earth is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and conditions. Geolatry Ge*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of the earth. G. W. Cox. CAPTION: The Geological Series. NOTE: &hand; Th e science of geology, as treating of the history of the globe, involves a description of the different strata which compose its crust, their order of succession, characteristic forms of animal and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of geological time, and the most important strata, with their relative positions, are indicated in the following diagram. <-- illustration of geological periods, with rock layers, takes one column from top to bottom of the page here --> Geologer, Geologian Ge*ol"o*ger (?), Ge`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A geologist. Geologic, Geological Ge`o*log"ic (?), Ge`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth. Geologically Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geological manner. Geologist Ge*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. G\'82ologiste.] One versed in the science of geology. Geologize Ge*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geologizing (?).] To study geology or make geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a geologist. During midsummer geologized a little in Shropshire. Darwin. Geology Ge*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Geologies (#). [Gr. -logy: cf. F. g\'82ologie.] 1. The science which treats: (a) Of the structure and mineral constitution of the globe; structural geology. (b) Of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.; historical geology. (c) Of the causes and methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced; dynamical geology. See Chart of The Geological Series. 2. A treatise on the science. Geomalism Ge*om"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth, to the force of gravitation. Geomancer Ge"o*man`cer (?), n. One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy. Geomancy Ge"o*man`cy (?), n. [OE. geomance, geomancie, F. g\'82omance, g\'82omancie, LL. geomantia, fr. Gr. A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the earth, and latterly on paper. Geomantic, Geomantical Ge`o*man"tic (?), Ge`o*man"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82omantique.] Pertaining or belonging to geomancy. Geometer Ge*om"e*ter (?), n. [F. g\'82om\'8atre, L. geometres, geometra, fr. Gr. Meter measure.] 1. One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician. I. Watts. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid. Geometral Ge*om"e*tral (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82om\'82tral.] Pertaining to geometry. [Obs.] Geometric, Geometrical Ge`o*met"ric (?), Ge`o*met"ric*al (?), a. [L. geometricus; Gr. g\'82om\'82trique.] Pertaining to, or according to the rules or principles of, geometry; determined by geometry; as, a geometrical solution of a problem. NOTE: &hand; Ge ometric is often used, as opposed to algebraic, to include processes or solutions in which the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather than those of algebra. NOTE: &hand; Ge ometrical is of ten us ed in a limited or strictly technical sense, as opposed to mechanical; thus, a construction or solution is geometrical which can be made by ruler and compasses, i. e., by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would generate any other curve, is not geometrical, but mechanical. By another distinction, a geometrical solution is one obtained by the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact; while a mechanical solution is one obtained by trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and empirical. Geometrical curve. Same as Algebraic curve; -- so called because their different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary geometry. -- Geometric lathe, an instrument for engraving bank notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; -- called also cycloidal engine. -- Geometrical pace, a measure of five feet. -- Geometric pen, an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of ajustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm. -- Geometrical plane (Persp.), the same as Ground plane . -- Geometrical progression, proportion, ratio. See under Progression, Proportion and Ratio. -- Geometrical radius, in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel. Knight. -- Geometric spider (Zo\'94l.), one of many species of spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to Epeira and allied genera, as the garden spider. See Garden spider. -- Geometric square, a portable instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles. -- Geometrical staircase, one in which the stairs are supported by the wall at one end only. -- Geometrical tracery, in architecture and decoration, tracery arranged in geometrical figures. _________________________________________________________________ Page 622 Geometrically Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly (?), adv. According to the rules or laws of geometry. Geometrician Ge*om`e*tri"cian (?), n. One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician. Geometrid Ge*om"e*trid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining or belonging to the Geometrid\'91. Geometrid Ge*om"e*trid, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family Geometrid\'91; -- so called because their larv\'91 (called loopers, measuring worms, spanworms, and inchworms) creep in a looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms. Geometrize Ge*om"e*trize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geometrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geometrizing (?).] To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities or laws; to make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance with the principles of geometry. Nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all things. Sir T. Browne. Geometry Ge*om"e*try (?), n; pl. Geometries (#) [F. g\'82om\'82trie, L. geometria, fr. Gr. Geometer.] 1. That branch of mathematics which investigates the relations, properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles; the science which treats of the properties and relations of magnitudes; the science of the relations of space. 2. A treatise on this science. Analytical, OR Co\'94rdinate, geometry, that branch of mathematical analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of the relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes. -- Descriptive geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the graphic solution of all problems involving three dimensions. -- Elementary geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces, the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone. -- Higher geometry, that pert of geometry which treats of those properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less simple in their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the second and higher degrees. Geophagism Ge*oph"a*gism (?), n. [Gr. The act or habit of eating earth. See Dirt eating, under Dirt. Dunglison. Geophagist Ge*oph"a*gist (?), n. One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc. Geophagous Ge*oph"a*gous (?), a. Earth-eating. Geophila Ge*oph"i*la (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The division of Mollusca which includes the land snails and slugs. Geoponic, Geoponical Ge`o*pon"ic (?), Ge`o*pon"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. g\'82oponique.] Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture. Geoponics Ge`o*pon"ics (?), n. [Gr. g\'82oponique.] The art or science of cultivating the earth; agriculture. Evelin. Georama Ge`o*ra"ma (?), n. [Gr. g\'82orama.] A hollow globe on the inner surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined by one standing inside. Geordie Geor"die (?), n. A name given by miners to George Stephenson's safety lamp. Raymond. George George (?), n. [F. George, or Georges, a proper name, fr. Gr. work. See Work.] 1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter. 2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] Dryden. George noble George" no`ble (?). [So called from the image of St. George on it.] A gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See Noble, n. Georgian Geor"gi*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the United States. 2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great Britan; as, the Georgian era. <-- five? --> Georgian Geor"gi*an, n. A native of, or dweller in, Georgia. Georgic Geor"gic (?), n. [L. georgicum (sc. carmen), and georgica, pl., Gr. g\'82orgiques, pl. See Georgic, a.] A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as, the Georgics of Virgil. Georgic, Georgical Geor"gic (?), Geor"gic*al (?), a. [L. georgicus, Gr. g\'82orgique. See George.] Relating to agriculture and rural affairs. Georgium Sidus Geor"gi*um Si`dus (?). [NL., the star of George (III. of England).] (Astron.) The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W. Herschel. Geoscopy Ge*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy: cf. F. g\'82oscopie.] Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by inspection. Chambers. Geoselenic Ge`o*se*len"ic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or mutual relations of the earth and moon; as, geoselenic phenomena. Geostatic Ge`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. static.] (Civil Engin.) Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar substance. Geostatic arch, an arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure similar to that exerted by earth. Rankine. Geosynclinal Ge`o*syn*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. synclinal.] (Geol.) the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; -- opposed to geanticlinal. Geothermometer Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. thermometer.] (Physics) A thermometer specially constructed for measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the ground. Geotic Ge*ot"ic (?) a. [Gr. Belonging to earth; terrestrial. [Obs.] Bailey. Geotropic Ge`o*trop"ic (?), a. [See Geotropism.] (Biol.) Relating to, or showing, geotropism. Geotropism Ge*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an organ. NOTE: &hand; In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the earth are said to be positively geotropic, and those growing in the opposite direction negatively geotropic. In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of division of the ovum. Gephyrea Ge*phyr"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly, or not at all, annulated externally, and is mostly without set\'91. Gephyrean Ge*phyr"e*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Gephyrea. -- n. One of the Gerphyrea. Gephyreoid Ge*phyr"e*oid (?), a. & n. [Gephyrea + -oid.] Gephyrean. Gepound Ge*pound" (?), n. See Gipoun. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gerah Ge"rah (?), n. [Heb. g, lit., a bean.] (Jewish Antiq.) A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel. NOTE: &hand; Th e silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about three cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the weight equivalent to about thirteen grains. Geraniaceous Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of pants (Geraniace\'91) which includes the genera Geranium, Pelargonium, and many others. Geraniine, Geranine Ge*ra"ni*ine (?), Ger"a*nine (?), n. [See Geranium.] 1. (Med.) A valuable astringet obtained from the root of the Geranium maculatum or crane's-bill. 2. (Chem.) A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill (Geranium maculatum), and having a peculiar mulberry odor. [Written also geranium.] Geranium Ge*ra"ni*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. g\'82ranium. See Crane, n.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes crane's-bill. 2. (Floriculture) A cultivated pelargonium. NOTE: &hand; Ma ny pl ants re ferred to th e genus Geranium by the earlier botanists are now separated from it under the name of Pelargonium, which includes all the commonly cultivated "geraniums", mostly natives of South Africa. Gerant Ge"rant (?), n. [F. g\'82rant.] The manager or acting partner of a company, joint-stock association, etc. Gerbe Gerbe (?), n. [F., prop. a sheaf.] (Pyrotechny) A kind of ornamental firework. Farrow. Gerbil, Gerbille Ger"bil (?), Ger`bille" (?), n. [F. gerbille. Cf. Jerboa.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe. Gerboa Ger*bo"a (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The jerboa. Gere Gere (?), n. Gear. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gerent Ge"rent (?), a. [L. gerens, p. pr. of gerere to bear, manage.] Bearing; carrying. [Obs.] Bailey. Gerfalcon Ger"fal`con (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gyrfalcon. Gerful Ger"ful (?), a. [Cf. OF. girer to twirl, E. gyrate.] Changeable; capricious. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gerland, Gerlond Ger"land (?), Ger"lond, n. A garland. [Obs.] Gerlind Ger"lind (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon returning from the sea the second time. [Prov. Eng.] Germ Germ (?), n. [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but, germ. Cf. Germen, Germane.] 1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an organism appears. In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation by which the germ is produced; and the act of development, by which that germ is evolved into the complete organism. Carpenter. 2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the germ of civil liberty. Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax bacillus and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See Germ theory (bellow). -- Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See Ovum. -- Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad. -- Germ stock (Zo\'94l.), a special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See Doliolum. -- Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation theory. Germ Germ (?), v. i. To germinate. [R.] J. Morley. Germain Ger*main" (?), a. [Obs.] See Germane. German Ger"man (?), a. [OE. german, germain, F. germain, fr. L. germanus full, own (said of brothers and sisters who have the same parents); akin to germen germ. Cf. Germ, Germane.] Nearly related; closely akin. Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion. Shak. Brother german. See Brother german. -- Cousins german. See the Note under Cousin. German Ger"man, n.; pl. Germans (#) [L. Germanus, prob. of Celtis origin.] 1. A native or one of the people of Germany. 2. The German language. 3. (a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures. (b) A social party at which the german is danced. High German, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, -- comprising Old High German, used from the 8th to the 11th century; Middle H. G., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H. G., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern literary language, are often called Middle German, and the Southern German dialects Upper German; but High German is also used to cover both groups. -- Low German, the language of Northern Germany and the Netherlands, -- including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or Saxon; Old Saxon; Dutch or Low Dutch, with its dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch (called also Low German), spoken in many dialects. German Ger"man, a. [L. Germanus. See German, n.] Of or pertaining to Germany. German Baptists. See Dunker. -- German bit, a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical pod and a scew point. -- German carp (Zo\'94l.), the crucian carp. -- German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria Italica, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food. -- German paste, a prepared food for caged birds. -- German process (Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary. Raymond. -- German sarsaparilla, a substitute for sarsaparilla extract. -- German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly cooked. -- German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys. -- German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge, with charcoal for fuel. -- German text (Typog.), a character resembling modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as in the words, NOTE: &hand; This line is German Text. -- German tinder. See Amadou. Germander Ger*man"der (?), n. [OE. germaunder, F. germandr\'82e, It. calamandrea, L. chamaedrys, fr. Gr.Humble, and Tree.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Teucrium (esp. Teucrium Cham\'91drys or wall germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs. American germander, Teucrium Canadense. -- Germander chickweed, Veronica agrestis. -- Water germander, Teucrium Scordium. -- Wood germander, Teucrium Scorodonia. Germane Ger*mane" (?), a. [See German akin, nearly related.] Literally, near akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting; relevant. The phrase would be more germane to the matter. Shak. [An amendment] must be germane. Barclay (Digest). Germanic Ger*man"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, germanium. Germanic Ger*man"ic, a. [L. Germanicus: cf. F. germanique. See German, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic confederacy. 2. Teutonic. [A loose sense] Germanism Ger"man*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. germanisme.] 1. An idiom of the German language. 2. A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German mode, doctrine, etc.; rationalism. J. W. Alexander. Germanium Ger*ma"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Germania Germany.] (Chem.) A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3. Germanization Ger`man*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of Germanizing. M. Arnold. Germanize Ger"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Germanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Germanizing (?).] To make German, or like what is distinctively German; as, to Germanize a province, a language, a society. Germanize Ger"man*ize, v. i. To reason or write after the manner of the Germans. Germarium Ger*ma"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Germ.] (Zo\'94l.) An organ in which the ova are developed in certain Turbellaria. _________________________________________________________________ Page 623 Germen Ger"men (?), n.; pl. E. Germens (#), L. Germina (#). [L.] See Germ. Germicidal Ger"mi*ci`dal (?), a. Germicide. Germicide Ger"mi*cide (?), a. [Germ +L. caedere to kill.] (Biol.) Destructive to germs; -- applied to any agent which has a destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many infectious diseases. -- n. A germicide agent. Germinal Ger"mi*nal (?), a. [See Germ.] Pertaining or belonging to a germ; as, the germinal vesicle. Germinal layers (Biol.), the two layers of cells, the ectoblast and entoblast, which form respectively the outer covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is formed later and lies between these two, is sometimes included. -- Germinal membrane. (Biol.) Same as Blastoderm. -- Germinal spot (Biol.), the nucleolus of the ovum. -- Germinal vesicle, (Biol.) , the nucleus of the ovum of animals. Germinal Ger`mi*nal" (?), n. [F. See Germ .] The seventh month of the French republican calendar [1792 -- 1806]. It began March 21 and ended April 19. See Vend\'90miaire. Germinant Ger"mi*nant (?), a. [L. germinans, p. pr.] Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds. Germinate Ger"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Germinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Germinating.] [L. germinatus, p. p. of germinare to sprout, fr. germen. See Germ.] To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ. Bacon. Germinate Ger"mi*nate, v. t. To cause to sprout. Price (1610). Germination Ger`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. germinatio: cf. F. germination.] The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable. Germination apparatus, an apparatus for malting grain. Germinative Ger"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. germinatif.] Pertaining to germination; having power to bud or develop. Germinative spot, Germinative vesicle. (Biol.) Same as Germinal spot, Germinal vesicle, under Germinal. Germiparity Ger`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. [Germ + L. parere to produce.] (Biol.) Reproduction by means of germs. Germless Germ"less, a. Without germs. Germogen Ger"mo*gen (?), n. [Germ + -gen.] (Biol.) (a) A polynuclear mass of protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain ova are developed. Balfour. (b) The primitive cell in certain embryonic forms. Balfour. Germ plasm Germ" plasm` (?), (Biol.) See Plasmogen, and Idioplasm. Germule Germ"ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. germ.] (Biol.) A small germ. Gern Gern (?), v. t. [See Grin.] To grin or yawn. [Obs.] "[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did gern." Spenser. Gerner Ger"ner (?), n. A garner. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gerocomia Ger`o*co"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Gerocomy. Gerocomical Ger`o*com"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to gerocomy. Dr. John Smith. Gerocomy Ge*roc"o*my (?), n. [F. g\'82rocomie, fr. Gr. That part of medicine which treats of regimen for old people. Gerontes Ge*ron"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings, constituted the supreme civil authority. Gerontocracy Ger`on*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. Government by old men. [R.] Gladstone. Geropigia Ger`o*pig"i*a (?), n. [Pg. geropiga.] A mixture composed of unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of wines. [Written also jerupigia.] -gerous -ger*ous (?). [L. -ger, fr. gerere to bear, carry. See Jest.] A suffix signifying bearing, producing; as, calcigerous; dentigerous. Gerrymander Ger`ry*man"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gerrymandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gerrymandering.] To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an advantage over its opponent. [Political Cant, U. S.] NOTE: &hand; This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge Gerry was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure. Bartlett. Gerund Ger"und (?), n. [L. gerundium, fr. gerere to bear, carry, perform. See Gest a deed, Jest.] (Lat. Gram.) 1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle. 2. (AS. Gram.) A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually denoting purpose or end; -- called also the dative infinitive; as, "Ic h\'91bbe mete t\'93 etanne" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone. Gerundial Ge*run"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a gerundial use. Gerundive Ge*run"dive (?), a. [L. gerundivus.] Pertaining to, or partaking of, the nature of the gerund; gerundial. -- n. (Lat. Gram.) The future passive participle; as, amandus, i. e., to be loved. Gerundively Ge*run"dive*ly, adv. In the manner of a gerund; as, or in place of, a gerund. Gery Ger"y (?), a. [See Gerful.] Changeable; fickle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gesling Ges"ling (?), n. A gosling. [Prov. Eng.] Gesse Gesse (?), v. t. & i. To guess. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gest Gest (?), n. A guest. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gest Gest (?), n. [OF. geste exploit. See Jest.] 1. Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an adventure. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage; show; ceremony. [Obs.] Mede. 3. A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. 4. Gesture; bearing; deportment. [Archaic] Through his heroic grace and honorable gest. Spenser. Gest Gest (?), n. [Cf. Gist a resting place.] 1. A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a journey or progress; a rest. [Obs.] Kersey. 2. A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal progress. Many of them are extant in the herald's office. [Obs.] Hanmer. Gestant Ges"tant (?), a. [L. gestans, p. pr. of gestare.] Bearing within; laden; burdened; pregnant. [R.] "Clouds gestant with heat." Mrs. Browning. Gestation Ges*ta"tion (?), n. [L. gestatio a bearing, carrying, fr. gestare to bear, carry, intens. fr. gerere, gestum, to bear: cf. F. gestation. See Gest deed, Jest.] 1. The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments). [Obs.] 2. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery; pregnancy. 3. Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on horseback, or in a carriage, without the exertion of his own powers; passive exercise. Dunglison. Gestatory Ges"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. gestatorius that serves for carrying: cf. F. gestatoire.] 1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy. 2. Capable of being carried or worn. [Obs. or R.] Geste Geste (?), v. i. To tell stories or gests. [Obs.] Gestic Ges"tic (?), a. [See Gest a deed, Gesture.] 1. Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary. And the gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore. Goldsmith. 2. Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; -- said especially with reference to dancing. Carried away by the enthusiasm of the gestic art. Sir W. Scott. Gesticulate Ges*tic"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gesticulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gesticulating.] [L. gesticulatus, p. p. of gesticulari to gesticulate, fr. gesticulus a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of gestus gesture, fr. gerere, gestum, to bear, carry, peform. See Gestic.] To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures. Sir T. Herbert. Gesticulate Ges*tic"u*late, v. t. To represent by gesture; to act. [R.] B. Jonson. Gesticulation Ges*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gesticulatio: cf. F. gesticulation.] 1. The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express passion or enforce sentiments. 2. A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and sentiments. Macaulay. 3. Antic tricks or motions. B. Jonson. Gesticulator Ges*tic"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who gesticulates. Gesticulatory Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Representing by, or belonging to, gestures. T. Warton. Gestour Ges"tour (?), n. [See Gest a deed.] A reciter of gests or legendary tales; a story-teller. [Obs.] Minstrels and gestours for to tell tales. Chaucer. Gestural Ges"tur*al (?), a. Relating to gesture. Gesture Ges"ture (?), n. [LL. gestura mode of action, fr. L. gerere, gestum, to bear, behave, perform, act. See Gest a deed.] 1. Manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture. [Obs.] Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a gesture used by many nations. Sir T. Browne. 2. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or passion; any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to enforce or emphasize an argument, assertion, or opinion. Humble and reverent gestures. Hooker. Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, In every gesture dignity and love. Milton. Gesture Ges"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gestured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gesturing.] To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to gesticulate. It is not orderly read, nor gestured as beseemeth. Hooker. Gesture Ges"ture, v. i. To make gestures; to gesticulate. The players . . . gestured>/qex> not undecently withal. Holland. Gestureless Ges"ture*less, a. Free from gestures. Gesturement Ges"ture*ment (?), n. Act of making gestures; gesturing. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Get Get (?), n. Jet, the mineral. [Obs.] Chaucer. Get Get (?), n. [OF. get.] 1. Fashion; manner; custom. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.] Chaucer. Get Get (?), v. t. [imp. Got (?) (Obs. Gat (); p. p. Got (Obsolescent Gotten (?)); p. pr. & vb. n. Getting.] [OE. geten, AS. gitan, gietan (in comp.); akin to Icel. geta, Goth. bigitan to find, L. prehendere to seize, take, Gr. Comprehend, Enterprise, Forget, Impregnable, Prehensile.] 1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any means; as, to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get land by purchase, etc. 2. Hence, with have and had, to come into or be in possession of; to have. Johnson. Thou hast got the face of man. Herbert. 3. To beget; to procreate; to generate. I had rather to adopt a child than get it. Shak. 4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; as to get a lesson; also with out; as, to get out one's Greek lesson. It being harder with him to get one sermon by heart, than to pen twenty. Bp. Fell. 5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade. Get him to say his prayers. Shak. 6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; -- with a following participle. Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched. Shak. 7. To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive use. Get thee out from this land. Gen. xxxi. 13. He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of Mega. Knolles. NOTE: &hand; Ge t, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs implying motion, to express the causing to, or the effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of motion indicated by the preposition; thus, to get in, to cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, to get in the hay; to get out, to make come forth, to extract; to get off, to take off, to remove; to get together, to cause to come together, to collect. To get by heart, to commit to memory. -- To get the better of, To get the best of, to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to subdue. -- To get up, to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange; to construct; to invent; as, to get up a celebration, a machine, a book, an agitation. Syn. -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See Obtain. Get Get (?), v. i. 1. To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to be increased. We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get. Shak. 2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or position; to come to be; to become; -- with a following adjective or past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; as, to get sober; to get awake; to get beaten; to get elected. To get rid of fools and scoundrels. Pope. His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast. Coleridge. NOTE: &hand; It [get] gives to the English language a middle voice, or a power of verbal expression which is neither active nor passive. Thus we say to get acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed. Earle. NOTE: &hand; Get, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the subject of the act, movement or action of the kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in the general sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to leave to escape; to disengage one's self from; to get down, to descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation; to get along, to make progress; hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare; to get in, to enter; to get out, to extricate one's self, to escape; to get through, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; to get to, to arrive at, to reach; to get off, to alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come off clear; to get together, to assemble, to convene. To get ahead, to advance; to prosper. -- To get along, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get a mile (or other distance), to pass over it in traveling. -- To get among, to go or come into the company of; to become one of a number. -- To get asleep, to fall asleep. -- To get astray, to wander out of the right way. -- To get at, to reach; to make way to. To get away with, to carry off; to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat. -- To get back, to arrive at the place from which one departed; to return. -- To get before, to arrive in front, or more forward. -- To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag. -- To get between, to arrive between. -- To get beyond, to pass or go further than; to exceed; to surpass. "Three score and ten is the age of man, a few get beyond it." Thackeray. -- To get clear, to disengage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment. -- To get drunk, to become intoxicated. -- To get forward, to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth. -- To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim. -- To get into. (a) To enter, as, "she prepared to get into the coach." Dickens. (b) To pass into, or reach; as, " as, " a language has got into the inflated state." Keary. -- To get loose OR free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement. -- To get near, to approach within a small distance. -- To get on, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get over. (a) To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty. (b) To recover from, as an injury, a calamity. -- To get through. (a) To pass through something. (b) To finish what one was doing. -- To get up. (a) To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc. (b) To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc. Get Get, n. Offspring; progeny; as, the get of a stallion. Geten Get"en (?), obs. p. p. of Get. Chaucer. Geth Geth (?), the original third pers. sing. pres. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer. Get-penny Get"-pen`ny (?), n. Something which gets or gains money; a successful affair. [Colloq.] Chapman. Gettable Get"ta*ble (?), a. That may be obtained. [R.] Getter Get"ter (?), n. One who gets, gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or procreates. Getterup Get"ter*up`, n. One who contrives, makes, or arranges for, anything, as a book, a machine, etc. [Colloq.] A diligent getter-up of miscellaneous works. W. Irving. Getting Get"ting (?), n. 1. The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition. With all thy getting, get understanding. Prov. iv. 7. 2. That which is got or obtained; gain; profit. Get-up Get"-up (?), n. General composition or structure; manner in which the parts of a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc. [Colloq.] H. Kingsley. Gewgaw Gew"gaw (?), n. [OE. gigawe, gugawe, gewgaude, prob. the same word as OE. givegove gewgaw, apparently a reduplicated form fr. AS. gifan to give; cf. also F. joujou plaything, and E. gaud, n. See Give, and cf. Giffgaff.] A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but worthless bauble. A heavy gewgaw called a crown. Dryden. Gewgaw Gew"gaw, a. Showy; unreal; pretentious. Seeing his gewgaw castle shine. Tennyson. Geyser Gey"ser (?), n. [Icel. geysir, fr. geysa to rush furiously, fr. gj to gush. Cf. Gush.] A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam. NOTE: &hand; Ge ysers were first known in Iceland, and later in New Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United States they are numerous, and some of them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of 200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called geyser basins. The mineral matter, or geyserite, with which geyser water is charged, forms geyser cones about the orifice, often of great size and beauty. _________________________________________________________________ Page 624 Geyserite Gey"ser*ite (?), n. [From Geyser.] (Min.) A loose hydrated form of silica, a variety of opal, deposited in concretionary cauliflowerlike masses, around some hot springs and geysers. Gharry Ghar"ry (?), n. [Hind. g\'be.] Any wheeled cart or carriage. [India] Ghast Ghast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten. See Ghastly, a.] To strike aghast; to affright. [Obs.] Ghasted by the noise I made. Full suddenly he fled. Shak. Ghastful Ghast"ful (?), a. [See Ghastly, a.] Fit to make one aghast; dismal. [Obs.] -- Ghast"ful*ly, adv. Ghastliness Ghast"li*ness (?), n. The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look. Ghastly Ghast"ly (?), a. [Compar. Ghastlier (?); superl. Ghastliest.] [OE. gastlich, gastli, fearful, causing fear, fr. gasten to terrify, AS. g\'91stan. Cf. Aghast, Gast, Gaze, Ghostly.] 1. Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal. Each turned his face with a ghastly pang. Coleridge. His face was so ghastly that it could scarcely be recognized. Macaulay. 2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous. Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail. Milton. Ghastly Ghast"ly, adv. In a ghastly manner; hideously. Staring full ghastly like a strangled man. Shak. Ghastness Ghast"ness, n. Ghastliness. [Obs.] Shak. Ghat Ghaut Ghat Ghaut (?), n. [Hind. gh\'bet.] 1. A pass through a mountain. [India] J. D. Hooker. 2. A range of mountains. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ). 3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf. [India] Malcom. Ghawazi Gha*wa"zi (?), n. pl. [Etymol. uncertain.] Egyptian dancing girls, of a lower sort than the almeh. Gheber Ghebre Ghe"ber Ghe"bre (?), n. [Pers. ghebr: cf. F. Gu\'8abre. Cf. Giaour.] A worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee. Ghee Ghee (?), n. [Hind. gh\'c6 clarified butter, Skr. gh.] Butter clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of oil. [India] Malcom. Gherkin Gher"kin (?), n. [D. agurkje, a dim. akin to G. gurke, Dan. ag; cf. Pol. og\'a2rek, Bohem. okurka, LGr. al-khiy\'ber, Per. khiy\'ber.] 1. (Bot.) A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles. 2. (Zo\'94l.) See Sea gherkin. Ghess Ghess (?), v. t. & i. See Guess. [Obs.] Ghetto Ghet"to (?), n. [It.] The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city. I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell. Evelyn. <-- 2. by extension, any section of a town inhabited predominantly by members of a specific ethnic, national or racial group, such segregation usually arising from social or economic pressure. 3. (fig.) any isolated group of people. 4. (fig) any group isolated by external pressures, with an implication of inferiority. Ghettoize v. --> Ghibelline Ghib"el*line (?), n. [It. Ghibellino; of German origin.] (It. Hist.) One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or adherents of the poses. Brande & C. Ghole Ghole (?), n. See Ghoul. Ghost Ghost (?), n. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. g\'best breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.] 1. The spirit; the soul of man. [Obs.] Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament. Spenser. 2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter. The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose. Shak. I thought that I had died in sleep, And was a blessed ghost. Coleridge. 3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a glimmering; as, not a ghost of a chance; the ghost of an idea. Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Poe. 4. A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses. Ghost moth (Zo\'94l.), a large European moth (Hepialus humuli); so called from the white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering flight; -- called also great swift. -- Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter; (Theol.) the third person in the Trinity. -- To give up OR yield up the ghost, to die; to expire. And he gave up the ghost full softly. Chaucer. Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people. Gen. xlix. 33. Ghost Ghost, v. i. To die; to expire. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Ghost Ghost, v. t. To appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition. [Obs.] Shak. Ghostfish Ghost"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A pale ubspotted variety of the wrymouth. Ghostless Ghost"less, a. Without life or spirit. [R.] Ghostlike Ghost"like` (?), a. Like a ghost; ghastly. Ghostliness Ghost"li*ness, n. The quality of being ghostly. Ghostly Ghost"ly, a. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. g\'bestlic. See Ghost.] 1. Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor. Save and defend us from our ghostly enemies. Book of Common Prayer [Ch. of Eng. ] One of the gostly children of St. Jerome. Jer. Taylor. 2. Of or pertaining to apparitions. Akenside. Ghostly Ghost"ly, adv. Spiritually; mystically. Chaucer. Ghostology Ghost*ol"o*gy (?), n. Ghost lore. [R.] It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing of ghostology and witchcraft. Hawthorne. Ghoul Ghoul (?), n. [Per. gh an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour men and animals: cf. Ar. gh, F. goule.] An imaginary evil being among Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human bodies. [Written also ghole .] Moore. Ghoulish Ghoul"ish, a. Characteristic of a ghoul; vampirelike; hyenalike. Ghyll Ghyll (?), n. A ravine. See Gill a woody glen. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wordsworth. Giallolino Gial`lo*li"no (?), n. [It., from giallo yellow, prob. fr. OHG. gelo, G. gelb; akin to E. yellow.] A term variously employed by early writers on art, though commonly designating the yellow oxide of lead, or massicot. Fairholt. Giambeux Giam"beux (?), n. pl. [See Jambeux.] Greaves; armor for the legs. [Obs.] Spenser. Giant Gi"ant (?), n. [OE. giant, geant, geaunt, OF. jaiant, geant, F. g\'82ant, L. gigas, fr. Gr. gender, genesis. See Gender, and cf. Gigantic.] 1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature. Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise. Milton. 2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual. 3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power. Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the county of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland. Giant Gi"ant, a. Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as, giant brothers; a giant son. Giant cell. (Anat.) See Myeloplax. -- Giant clam (Zo\'94l.), a bivalve shell of the genus Tridacna, esp. T. gigas, which sometimes weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to contain holy water. -- Giant heron (Zo\'94l.), a very large African heron (Ardeomega goliath). It is the largest heron known. -- Giant kettle, a pothole of very large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers. See Pothole. -- Giant powder. See Nitroglycerin. -- Giant puffball (Bot.), a fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum), edible when young, and when dried used for stanching wounds. -- Giant salamander (Zo\'94l.), a very large aquatic salamander (Megalobatrachus maximus), found in Japan. It is the largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long. -- Giant squid (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of very large squids, belonging to Architeuthis and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long. Giantess Gi"ant*ess, n. A woman of extraordinary size. Giantize Gi"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. g\'82antiser.] To play the giant. [R.] Sherwood. Giantly Gi"ant*ly, a. Appropriate to a giant. [Obs.] Usher. Giantry Gi"ant*ry (?), n. The race of giants. [R.] Cotgrave. Giantship Gi"ant*ship, n. The state, personality, or character, of a giant; -- a compellation for a giant. His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen. Milton. Giaour Giaour (?), n. [Turk. giaur an infidel, Per. gawr, another form of ghebr fire worshiper. Cf. Kaffir, Gheber .] An infidel; -- a term applied by Turks to disbelievers in the Mohammedan religion, especially Christrians. Byron. Gib Gib (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. Gilbert, the name of the cat in the old story of "Reynard the Fox". in the "Romaunt of the Rose", etc.] A male cat; a tomcat. [Obs.] Gib Gib, v. i. To act like a cat. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Gib Gib (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A piece or slip of metal or wood, notched or otherwise, in a machine or structure, to hold other parts in place or bind them together, or to afford a bearing surface; -- usually held or adjusted by means of a wedge, key, or screw. Gib and key, OR Gib and cotter (Steam Engine), the fixed wedge or gib, and the driving wedge,key, or cotter, used for tightening the strap which holds the brasses at the end of a connecting rod. Gib Gib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbing.] To secure or fasten with a gib, or gibs; to provide with a gib, or gibs. Gibbed lathe, an engine lathe in which the tool carriage is held down to the bed by a gib instead of by a weight. Gib Gib (?), v. i. To balk. See Jib, v. i. Youatt. Gibbartas Gib*bar"tas (?), n. [Cf. Ar. jebb\'ber giant; or L. gibber humpbacked: cf. F. gibbar.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several finback whales of the North Atlantic; -- called also Jupiter whale. [Written also jubartas, gubertas, dubertus.] Gibber Gib"ber (?), n. [From Gib to balk.] A balky horse. Youatt. Gibber Gib"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbering.] [Akin to jabber, and gabble.] To speak rapidly and inarticulately. Shak. Gibberish Gib"ber*ish (?), n. [From Gibber, v. i.] Rapid and inarticulate talk; unintelligible language; unmeaning words; jargon. He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go; All kinds of gibberish he had learnt to known. Drayton. Such gibberish as children may be heard amusing themselves with. Hawthorne. Gibberish Gib"ber*ish, a. Unmeaning; as, gibberish language. Gibbet Gib"bet (?), n. [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL. gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It. giubbetto gibbet, and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also, an under waistcoat, doublet, Prov. It. gibba (cf. Jupon); so that it perhaps originally signified a halter, a rope round the neck of malefactors; or it is, perhaps, derived fr. L. gibbus hunched, humped, E. gibbous; or cf. E. jib a sail.] 1. A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa warning. 2. The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended; the jib. Gibbet Gib"bet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbeted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbeting.] 1. To hang and expose on a gibbet. 2. To expose to infamy; to blacken. I'll gibbet up his name. Oldham. Gibbier Gib"bier (?), n. [F. gibier.] Wild fowl; game. [Obs.] Addison. Gibbon Gib"bon (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbon.] (Zo\'94l.) Any arboreal ape of the genus Hylobates, of which many species and varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. They are tailless and without cheek pouches, and have very long arms, adapted for climbing. <-- common subtypes --> NOTE: &hand; Th e wh ite-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), the crowned (H. pilatus), the wou-wou or singing gibbon (H. agilis), the siamang, and the hoolock. are the most common species. Gib boom Gib" boom` (?). See Jib boom. Gibbose Gib*bose" (?), a. [L. gibbosus, fr. gibbus, gibba, hunch, hump. Cf. Gibbous.] Humped; protuberant; -- said of a surface which presents one or more large elevations. Brande & C. Gibbostity Gib*bost"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbosit\'82.] The state of being gibbous or gibbose; gibbousness. Gibbous Gib"bous (?), a. [Cf. F. gibbeux. See Gibbose.] 1. Swelling by a regular curve or surface; protuberant; convex; as, the moon is gibbous between the half-moon and the full moon. The bones will rise, and make a gibbous member. Wiseman. 2. Hunched; hump-backed. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Gib"bous*ly, adv. -- Gib"bous*ness, n. Gibbsite Gibbs"ite (?), n. [Named after George Gibbs.] (Min.) A hydrate of alumina. Gib-cat Gib"-cat` (?), n. A male cat, esp. an old one. See lst Gib. n. [Obs.] Shak. Gibe Gibe (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibing.] [Cf. Prov. F. giber, equiv. to F. jouer to play, Icel. geipa to talk nonsense, E. jabber.] To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff. Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout. Swift. Gibe Gibe, v. i. To reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to mock. Draw the beasts as I describe them, From their features, while I gibe them. Swift. Gibe Gibe, n. An expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a taunt; a sneer. Mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns. Shak. With solemn gibe did Eustace banter me. Tennyson. Gibel Gib"el (?), n. [G. gibel, giebel.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of carp (Cyprinus gibelio); -- called also Prussian carp. Giber Gib"er (?) n. One who utters gibes. B. Jonson. Gibfish Gib"fish` (?), n. The male of the salmon. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Gibingly Gib"ing*ly (?), adv. In a gibing manner; scornfully. Giblet Gib"let (?), a. Made of giblets; as, a giblet pie. Giblets Gib"lets (?), n. pl. [OE. gibelet, OF. gibelet game: cf. F. gibelotte stewed rabbit. Cf. Gibbier.] The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart, gizzard, liver, etc.), of poultry. Gibstaff Gib"staff` (?), n. [Prov. E. gib a hooked stick + E. staff.] 1. A staff to guage water, or to push a boat. 2. A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the stage. [Obs.] Bailey. Gid Gid (?), n. [Cf. Giddy, a.] A disease of sheep, characterized by vertigo; the staggers. It is caused by the presence of the CC. Giddily Gid"di*ly (?), adv. In a giddy manner. Giddiness Gid"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being giddy. Giddy Gid"dy (?), a. [Compar. Giddier (?); superl. Giddiest.] [OE. gidi mad, silly, AS. gidig, of unknown origin, cf. Norw. gidda to shake, tremble.] 1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling or reeling about; having lost the power of preserving the balance of the body, and therefore wavering and inclined to fall; lightheaded; dizzy. By giddy head and staggering legs betrayed. Tate. 2. Promoting or inducing giddiness; as, a giddy height; a giddy precipice. Prior. Upon the giddy footing of the hatches. Shak. 3. Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running round with celerity; gyratory; whirling. The giddy motion of the whirling mill. Pope. 4. Characterized by inconstancy; unstable; changeable; fickle; wild; thoughtless; heedless. "Giddy, foolish hours." Rowe. "Giddy chance." Dryden. Young heads are giddy and young hearts are warm. Cowper. Giddy Gid"dy, v. i. To reel; to whirl. Chapman. Giddy Gid"dy, v. t. To make dizzy or unsteady. [Obs.] Giddy-head Gid"dy-head` (?), n. A person without thought fulness, prudence, or judgment. [Colloq.] Burton. Giddy-headed Gid"dy-head`ed (?), a. Thoughtless; unsteady. Giddy-paced Gid"dy-paced` (?), a. Moving irregularly; flighty; fickle. [R.] Shak. Gie Gie (?), v. t. To guide. See Gye . [Obs.] Chaucer. Gie Gie (?), v. t. To give. [Scot.] Burns. Gier-eagle Gier"-ea`gle (?), n. [Cf. D. gier vulture, G. gier, and E. gyrfalcon.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird referred to in the Bible (Lev. xi. 18and Deut. xiv. 17) as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus). Gier-falcon Gier"-fal`con (?), n. [Cf. Gier-eagle, Gyrfalcon.] (Zo\'94l.) The gyrfalcon. Gieseckite Gie"seck*ite (?), n. [Named after Karl Giesecke.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having a greasy luster. It is probably a pseudomorph after el\'91olite. Gif Gif (?), conj. [AS. See If.] If. [Obs.] NOTE: &hand; Gi f is th e old form of if, and frequently occurs in the earlier English writers. See If. _________________________________________________________________ Page 625 Giffard injector Gif"fard in*ject"or (?). (Mach.) See under Injector. Giffgaff Giff"gaff (?), n. [Reduplicated fr. give.] Mutial accommodation; mutual giving. [Scot.] Giffy Gif"fy (?), n. [Obs.] See Jiffy. Gift Gift (?), n. [OE. gift, yift, yeft, AS. gift, fr. gifan to give; akin to D. & G. gift, Icel. gift, gipt, Goth. gifts (in comp.). See Give, v. t.] 1. Anything given; anything voluntarily transferred by one person to another without compensation; a present; an offering. Shall I receive by gift, what of my own, . . . I can command ? Milton. 2. The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing; as, the office is in the gift of the President. 3. A bribe; anything given to corrupt. Neither take a gift, for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise. Deut. xvi. 19. 4. Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a pre\'89minent and special talent or aptitude; power; faculty; as, the gift of wit; a gift for speaking. 5. (Law) A voluntary transfer of real or personal property, without any consideration. It can be perfected only by deed, or in case of personal property, by an actual delivery of possession. Bouvier. Burrill. Gift rope (Naut), a rope extended to a boat for towing it; a guest rope. Syn. -- Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction; boon; bounty; gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty. -- Gift, Present, Donation. These words, as here compared, denote something gratuitously imparted to another out of one's property. A gift is something given whether by a superior or an inferior, and is usually designed for the relief or benefit of him who receives it. A present is ordinarly from an equal or inferior, and is always intended as a compliment or expression of kindness. Donation is a word of more dignity, denoting, properly, a gift of considerable value, and ordinarly a gift made either to some public institution, or to an individual on account of his services to the public; as, a donation to a hospital, a charitable society, or a minister. Gift Gift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gifting.] To endow with some power or faculty. He was gifted . . . with philosophical sagacity. I. Taylor. Giftedness Gift"ed*ness, n. The state of being gifted. Echard. Gid Gid (?), n. [Cf. OF. gigue. See Jig, n.] A fiddle. [Obs.] Gig Gig (?), v. t. [Prob. fr. L. gignere to beget.] To engender. [Obs.] Dryden. Gig Gig, n. A kind of spear or harpoon. See Fishgig. Gig Gig, v. t. To fish with a gig. Gig Gig, n. [OE. gigge. Cf. Giglot.] A playful or wanton girl; a giglot. Gig Gig, n. [Cf. Icel. g fiddle, MHG. g, G. geige, Icel. geiga to take a wrong direction, rove at random, and E. jig.] 1. A top or whirligig; any little thing that is whirled round in play. Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy gig. Shak. 2. A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse; a kind of chaise. 3. (Naut.) A long, light rowboat, generally clinkerbuilt, and designed to be fast; a boat appropriated to the use of the commanding officer; as, the captain's gig. 4. (Mach.) A rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth or teasels, for teaseling woolen cloth. Gig machine, Gigging machine, Gig mill, OR Napping machine. See Gig, 4. -- Gig saw. See Jig saw. Gigantean Gi`gan*te"an (?), a. [L. giganteus, fr. gigas, antis. See Giant.] Like a giant; mighty; gigantic. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Gigantesque Gi`gan*tesque" (?), a. [F.] Befitting a giant; bombastic; magniloquent. The sort of mock-heroic gigantesque With which we bantered little Lilia first. Tennyson. Gigantic Gi*gan"tic (?), a. [L. gigas, -antis, giant. See Giant.] 1. Of extraordinary size; like a giant. 2. Such as a giant might use, make, or cause; immense; tremendous; extraordinarly; as, gigantic deeds; gigantic wickedness. Milton. When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Strom wind of the equinox. Longfellow. Gigantical Gi*gan"tic*al, a. Bulky, big. [Obs.] Burton. -- Gi*gan"tic*al*ly, adv. Giganticide Gi*gan"ti*cide (?), n. [. gigas, -antis, giant + caedere to kill.] The act of killing, or one who kills, a giant. Hallam. Gigantine Gi*gan"tine (?), a. Gigantic. [Obs.] Bullokar. Gigantology Gi`gan*tol"og*y (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. gigantologie.] An account or description of giants. Gigantomachy Gi`gan*tom"a*chy (?), n. [L. gigantoma, fr. Gr. gigantomachie.] A war of giants; especially, the fabulous war of the giants against heaven. Gide, Guide Gide (?), Guide, n. [OF. guide, guiche.] (Anc. Armor) The leather strap by which the shield of a knight was slung across the shoulder, or across the neck and shoulder. Meyrick (Ancient Armor). Gigerium Gi*ge"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Gigeria (#). [NL., fr. L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry.] (Anat.) The muscular stomach, or gizzard, of birds. Gigget Gig"get (?), n. Same as Gigot. Cut the slaves to giggets. Beau. & Fl. Giggle Gig"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Giggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Giggling (?).] [Akin to gaggle: cf. OD. ghichelen, G. kichern.] To laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in a light, affected, or silly manner; to titter with childish levity. Giggling and laughing with all their might At the piteous hap of the fairy wight. J. R. Drake. Giggle Gig"gle (?), n. A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath; a light, silly laugh. Giggler Gig"gler (?), n. One who giggles or titters. Giggly Gig"gly (?), a. Prone to giggling. Carlyle. Giggot Gig"got (?), n. See Gigot. [Obs.] Chapman. Giggyng Gig"gyng (?), n. [See Gige.] The act of fastending the gige or leather strap to the shield. [Obs.] "Gigging of shields." Chaucer. Giglot, Giglet Gig"lot (?), Gig"let (?), n. [Cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person, Dan. giek a fool, silly man, AS. gagol, g\'91gl, lascivious, wanton, MHG. gogel wanton, giege fool, and E. gig a wanton person.] A wanton; a lascivious or light, giddy girl. [Obs.] The giglet is willful, and is running upon her fate. Sir W. Scott. Giglot Gig"lot (?), a. Giddi; light; inconstant; wanton. [Obs.] "O giglot fortune!" Shak. Gigot, Giggot Gig"ot, Gig"got (, n. [F., fr. OF. gigue fiddle; -- on account of the resemblance in shape. See Jig, n.] 1. A leg of mutton. 2. A small piece of flesh; a slice. [Obs.] The rest in giggots cut, they spit. Chapman. Gila monster Gi"la mon"ster (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large tuberculated lizard (Heloderma suspectum) native of the dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is the only lizard known to have venomous teeth. Gild Gild (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gilded or Gilt (p. pr. & vb. n. Gilding.] [AS. gyldan, from gold gold. &root;234. See Gold.] 1. To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a golden color; to cause to look like gold. "Gilded chariots." Pope. No more the rising sun shall gild the morn. Pope. 2. To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten. Let oft good humor, mild and gay, Gild the calm evening of your day. Trumbull. 3. To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to embellish; as, to gild a lie. Shak. 4. To make red with drinking. [Obs.] This grand liquior that hath gilded them. Shak. Gildale Gild"ale` (?), n. [AS. gilgan to pay + E. ale. See Yield, v. t., and Ale.] A drinking bout in which every one pays an equal share. [Obs.] Gilden Gild"en (?), a. Gilded. Holland. Gilder Gild"er (?), n. One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with gold. Gilder Gil"der (?), n. A Dutch coin. See Guilder. Guilding Guild"ing (?), n. 1. The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which resembles gold. 2. Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any surface. 3. Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what is solid and genuine. Gilding metal, a tough kind of sheet brass from which cartridge shells are made. Gile Gile (?), n. [See Guile.] Guile. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gill Gill (?), n. [Dan. gi\'91lle, gelle; akin to Sw. g\'84l, Icel. gj\'94lnar gills; cf. AS. geagl, geahl, jaw.] 1. (Anat.) An organ for aquatic respiration; a branchia. Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills. Ray. NOTE: &hand; Gi lls are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages, through which the blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to the action of the air contained in the water. In vertebrates they are appendages of the visceral arches on either side of the neck. In invertebrates they occupy various situations. 2. pl. (Bot.) The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under surface of a mushroom. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle. 4. The flesh under or about the chin. Swift. 5. (Spinning) One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments. [Prob. so called from F. aiguilles, needles. Ure.] Gill arches, Gill bars. (Anat.) Same as Branchial arches. -- Gill clefts. (Anat.) Same as Branchial clefts. See under Branchial. -- Gill cover, Gill lid. See Operculum. -- Gill frame, OR Gill head (Flax Manuf.), a spreader; a machine for subjecting flax to the action of gills. Knight. -- Gill net, a flat net so suspended in the water that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when they seek to extricate themselves. -- Gill opening, OR Gill slit (Anat.), an opening behind and below the head of most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from the gills is discharged. In most fishes there is a single opening on each side, but in the sharks and rays there are five, or more, on each side. -- Gill rakes, OR Gill rakers (Anat.), horny filaments, or progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes, which help to prevent solid substances from being carried into gill cavities. Gill Gill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A two-wheeled frame for transporting timber. [Prov. Eng.] Gill Gill, n. A leech. [Also gell.] [Scot.] Jameison. Gill Gill, n. [Icel. gil.] A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Gill Gill (?), n. [OF. gille, gelle, a sort of measure for wine, LL. gillo, gello., Cf. Gallon.] A measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a pint. Gill Gill (?), n. [Abbrev. from Gillian.] 1. A young woman; a sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl. "Each Jack with his Gill." B. Jonson. 2. (Bot.) The ground ivy (Nepeta Glechoma); -- called also gill over the ground, and other like names. 3. Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy. Gill ale. (a) Ale flavored with ground ivy. (b) (Bot.) Alehoof. Gill-flirt Gill"-flirt` (?), n. A thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill. Sir W. Scott. Gillhouse Gill"house`, n. A shop where gill is sold. Thee shall each alehouse, thee each gillhouse mourn. Pope. Gillian Gil"li*an (?), n. [OE. Gillian, a woman's name, for Julian, Juliana. Cf. Gill a girl.] A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Gillie Gilly Gil"lie Gil"ly (?), n. [Gael. gille, giolla, boy, lad.] A boy or young man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the Scottish Highlands. Sir W. Scott. Gillyflower Gil"ly*flow`er (?), n. [OE. gilofre, gilofer, clove, OF. girofre, girofle, F. girofle: cf. F. girofl\'82e gillyflower, fr. girofle, Gr. foliage. Cf. Caryophyllus, July-flower.] (Bot.) 1. A name given by old writers to the clove pink (Dianthus Caryophyllus) but now to the common stock (Matthiola incana), a cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant blossoms, usually purplish, but often pink or white. 2. A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape, purplish red color, and having a large core. [Written also gilliflower.] Clove gillflower, the clove pink. -- Marsh gillyflower, the ragged robin (Lychnis Flos-cuculi). -- Queen's, OR Winter, gillyflower, damewort. -- Sea gillyflower, the thrift (Armeria vulgaris). -- Wall gillyflower, the wallflower (Cheiranthus Cheiri). -- Water gillyflower, the water violet. Gilour Gil"our (?), n. [OF.] A guiler; deceiver. [Obs.] Gilse Gilse (?), n. [W. gleisiad, fr. glas blue.] (Zo\'94l.) See Grilse. Gilt Gilt (?), n. [See Geld, v. t.] (Zo\'94l.) A female pig, when young. Gilt Gilt, imp. & p. p. of Gild. Gilt Gilt, p. p. & a. Gilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold; golden yellow. "Gilt hair" Chaucer. Gilt Gilt, n. 1. Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of a thing; gilding. Shak. 2. Money. [Obs.] "The gilt of France." Shak. Gilt-edge, Gilt-edged Gilt"-edge` (?), Gilt"-edged` (?), a. 1. Having a gilt edge; as, gilt-edged paper. 2. Of the best quality; -- said of negotiable paper, etc. [Slang, U. S.] Gilthead Gilt"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A marine fish. The name is applied to two species: (a) The Pagrus, OR Chrysophrys, auratus, a valuable food fish common in the Mediterranean (so named from its golden-colored head); -- called also giltpoll. (b) The Crenilabrus melops, of the British coasts; -- called also golden maid, conner, sea partridge. Giltif Gilt"if (?), a. [For gilti, by confusion with -if, -ive, in French forms. See Guilty.] Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gilttail Gilt"tail` (?), n. A yellow-tailed worm or larva. Gim Gim (?), a. [Cf. Gimp, a.] Neat; spruce. [Prov.] Gimbal, OR Gimbals Gim"bal (?), OR Gim"bals (, n. [See Gimmal, n.] A contrivance for permitting a body to incline freely in all directions, or for suspending anything, as a barometer, ship's compass, chronometer, etc., so that it will remain plumb, or level, when its support is tipped, as by the rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which the body can turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the ring itself is so pivoted to its support that it can turn about a diameter at right angles to the first. Gimbal joint (Mach.), a universal joint embodying the principle of the gimbal. -- Gimbal ring, a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye of the upper millstone is supported on the spindle. Gimblet Gim"blet (?), n. & v. See Gimlet. Gimcrack Gim"crack` (?), n. [OE., a spruce and pert pretender, also, a spruce girl, prob. fr. gim + crack lad, boaster.] A trivial mechanism; a device; a toy; a pretty thing. Arbuthnot. Gimlet Gim"let (?), n. [Also written and pronounced gimbled (] [OF. guimbelet, guibelet, F. gibelet, prob. fr. OD. wimpel, weme, a bore, wemelen to bore, to wimble. See Wimble, n.] A small tool for boring holes. It has a leading screw, a grooved body, and a cross handle. Gimlet eye, a squint-eye. [Colloq.] Wright. Gimlet Gim"let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gimleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gimleting.] 1. To pierce or make with a gimlet. 2. (Naut.) To turn round (an anchor) by the stock, with a motion like turning a gimlet. Gimmal Gim"mal (?), n. [Prob. the same word as gemel. See Gemel, and cf. Gimbal.] 1. Joined work whose parts move within each other; a pair or series of interlocked rings. 2. A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer. [Obs.] Gommal Gom"mal, a. Made or consisting of interlocked ringas, gimmal mail. In their pale dull mouths the gimmal bit Lies foul with chewed grass. Shak. Gimmal joint. See Gimbal joint, under Gimbal. Gimmer, Gimmor Gim"mer, Gim"mor (, n. [Cf. Gimmal, n.] A piece of mechanism; mechanical device or contrivance; a gimcrack. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 626 Gimp Gimp (?), a. [W. gwymp fair, neat, comely.] Smart; spruce; trim; nice. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gimp Gimp, n. [OF. guimpe, guimple, a nun's wimple, F. guimpe, OHG. wimpal a veil G. wimpel pennon, pendant. See Wimple, n.] A narrow ornamental fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often with a metallic wire, or sometimes a coarse cord, running through it; -- used as trimming for dresses, furniture, etc. Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail. Gimp Gimp, v. t. To notch; to indent; to jag. Gin Gin (?), prep. [AS. ge\'a0n. See Again.] Against; near by; towards; as, gin night. [Scot.] A. Ross (1778). Gin Gin, conj. [See Gin, prep.] If. [Scotch] Jamieson. Gin Gin (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gan (?), Gon (Gun (p. pr. & vb. n. Ginning.] [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf. OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to AS. g\'c6nan to yawn, and E. yawn. Yawn, v. i., and cf. Begin.] To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as, gan tell. See Gan. [Obs. or Archaic] "He gan to pray." Chaucer. Gin Gin (?), n. [Contr. from Geneva. See 2d Geneva.] A strong alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored with juniper berries; -- also called Hollands and Holland gin, because originally, and still very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine. Gin Gin (?), n. [A contraction of engine.] 1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser. 2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc. (b) (Mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim. 3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is al so given to an instrument of torture worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails. Gin block, a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel, over which a rope runs; -- called also whip gin, rubbish pulley, and monkey wheel. -- Gin power, a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin. -- Gin race, OR Gin ring, the path of the horse when putting a gin in motion. Halliwell. -- Gin saw, a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper. -- Gin wheel. (a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint. (b) (Mining) the drum of a whim. Gin Gin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ginned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ginning.] 1. To catch in a trap. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton. Ging Ging (?), n. Same as Gang, n., 2. [Obs.] There is a knot, a ging, a pack, a conspiracy against me. Shak. Gingal Gin*gal" (?), n. See Jingal. Ginger Gin"ger (?), n. [OE. ginger, gingever, gingivere, OF. gengibre, gingimbre, F. gingembre, L. zingiber, zingiberi, fr. Gr. zenjeb\'c6l, fr. Skr. , prop., hornshaped; horn + v\'89ra body.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Zingiber, of the East and West Indies. The species most known is Z. officinale. 2. The hot and spicy rootstock of Zingiber officinale, which is much used in cookery and in medicine. Ginger beer OR ale, a mild beer impregnated with ginger. -- Ginger cordial, a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon rind, and water, and sometimes whisky or brandy. -- Ginger pop. See Ginger beer (above). -- Ginger wine, wine impregnated with ginger. -- Wild ginger (Bot.), an American herb (Asarum Canadense) with two reniform leaves and a long, cordlike rootstock which has a strong taste of ginger. Gingerbread Gin"ger*bread` (?), n. A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and sometimes made in fanciful shapes. Gingerbread that was full fine." Chaucer. Gingerbread tree (Bot.), the doom palm; -- so called from the resemblance of its fruit to gingerbread. See Doom Palm. -- Gingerbread work, ornamentation, in architecture or decoration, of a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character. Gingerly Gin"ger*ly, adv. [Prov. E. ginger brittle, tender; cf. dial. Sw. gingla, g\'84ngla, to go gently, totter, akin to E. gang.] Cautiously; timidly; fastidiously; daintily. What is't that you took up so gingerly ? Shak. Gingerness Gin"ger*ness, n. Cautiousness; tenderness. Gingham Ging"ham (?), n. [F. guingan; cf. Jav. ginggang; or perh. fr. Guingamp, in France.] A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; -- distinguished from printed cotton or prints. Ginging Ging"ing (?), n. (Mining) The lining of a mine shaft with stones or bricks to prevent caving. Gingival Gin"gi*val (?), a. [L. gingiva the gum.] Of or pertaining to the gums. Holder. Gingle Gin"gle (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Jingle. Ginglyform Gin"gly*form (?), a. (Anat.) Ginglymoid. Ginglymodi Gin`gly*mo"di (?), n. [NL.; cf. Gr. Ginglymoid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of ganoid fishes, including the modern gar pikes and many allied fossil forms. They have rhombic, ganoid scales, a heterocercal tail, paired fins without an axis, fulcra on the fins, and a bony skeleton, with the vertebr\'91 convex in front and concave behind, forming a ball and socket joint. See Ganoidel. Ginglymoid, Ginglymoidal Gin"gly*moid (?), Gin`gly*moid"al (?), a. [Gr. ginglymoide, ginglymo\'8bdal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a ginglymus, or hinge joint; ginglyform. Ginglymus Gin"gly*mus (?), n.; pl. Ginglymi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) A hinge joint; an articulation, admitting of flexion and extension, or motion in two directions only, as the elbow and the ankle. Ginhouse Gin"house` (?), n. A building where cotton is ginned. Ginkgo Gink"go (?), n.; pl. Ginkgoes (#). [Chin., silver fruit.] (Bot.) A large ornamental tree (Ginkgo biloba) from China and Japan, belonging to the Yew suborder of Conifer\'91. Its leaves are so like those of some maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the maidenhair tree. Ginnee Gin"nee (?), n.; pl. Ginn (. See Jinnee. Ginnet Gin"net (?), n. See Genet, a horse. Ginning Gin"ning (?), n. [See Gin, v. i.] Beginning. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ginny-carriage Gin"ny-car`riage (, n. A small, strong carriage for conveying materials on a railroad. [Eng.] Ginseng Gin"seng (?), n. [Chinese.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Aralia, the root of which is highly valued as a medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant (Aralia Schinseng) has become so rare that the American (A. quinquefolia) has largely taken its place, and its root is now an article of export from America to China. The root, when dry, is of a yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste somewhat resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight aromatic bitterness. Ginshop Gin"shop` (?), n. A shop or barroom where gin is sold as a beverage. [Colloq.] Gip Gip (?), v. t. To take out the entrails of (herrings). Gip Gip, n. A servant. See Gyp. Sir W. Scott. Gipoun Gi*poun" (?), n. [See Jupon.] A short cassock. [Written also gepoun, gypoun, jupon, juppon.] [Obs.] Gipser, Gipsire Gip"ser (?), Gip"sire (?), n. [F. gibeci\'8are a game pouch or game pocket. Cf. Gibbier.] A kind of pouch formerly worn at the girdle. Ld. Lytton. A gipser all of silk, Hung at his girdle, white as morn\'82 milk. Chaucer. Gipsy Gip"sy (?), n. a.. See Gypsy. Gipsyism Gip"sy*ism (?), n. See Gypsyism. Giraffe Gi*raffe" (?), n. [F. girafe, Sp. girafa, from Ar. zur\'befa, zar\'befa.] (Zo\'94l.) An African ruminant (Camelopardalis giraffa) related to the deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the camelopard. It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet from the hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its fore legs are much longer than its hind legs. Girandole Gir"an*dole (?), n. [F. See Gyrate.] 1. An ornamental branched candlestick. 2. A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of branching form. 3. (Pyrotechny) A kind of revolving firework. 4. (Fort.) A series of chambers in defensive mines. Farrow. Girasole Girasol Gir"a*sole Gir"a*sol (?), n. [It. girasole, or F. girasol, fr. L. gyrare to turn around + sol sun.] 1. (Bot.) See Heliotrope. [Obs.] 2. (Min.) A variety of opal which is usually milk white, bluish white, or sky blue; but in a bright light it reflects a reddish color. Gird Gird (?), n. [See Yard a measure.] 1. A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a twinge; a pang. Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful girds and twinges which the atheist feels. Tillotson. 2. A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a sneer. I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio. Shak. Gird Gird, v. t. [See Gird, n., and cf. Girde, v.] 1. To strike; to smite. [Obs.] To slay him and to girden off his head. Chaucer. 2. To sneer at; to mock; to gibe. Being moved, he will not spare to gird the gods. Shak. Gird Gird, v. i. To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter severe sarcasms. Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me. Shak. Gird Gird (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girt (?) or Girded; p. pr. & vb. n. Girding.] [OE. girden, gurden, AS. gyrdan; akin to OS. gurdian, D. gorden, OHG. gurten, G. g\'81rten, Icel. gyr, Sw. gjorda, Dan. giorde, Goth. biga\'a1rdan to begird, and prob. to E. yard an inclosure. Cf. Girth, n. & v., Girt, v. t.] 1. To encircle or bind with any flexible band. 2. To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a cord, girdle, bandage, etc. 3. To surround; to encircle, or encompass. That Nyseian isle, Girt with the River Triton. Milton. 4. To clothe; to swathe; to invest. I girded thee about with fine linen. Ezek. xvi. 10. The Son . . . appeared Girt with omnipotence. Milton. 5. To prepare; to make ready; to equip; as, to gird one's self for a contest. Thou hast girded me with strength. Ps. xviii. 39. To gird on, to put on; to fasten around or to one securely, like a girdle; as, to gird on armor or a sword. Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off. 1 Kings xx. 11. -- To gird up, to bind tightly with a girdle; to support and strengthen, as with a girdle. He girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab. 1 Kings xviii. 46. Gird up the loins of your mind. 1 Pet. i. 13. -- Girt up; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or for work, in allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long flowing garments into the girdle and tightening it before any exertion; hence, adjectively, eagerly or constantly active; strenuous; striving. "A severer, more girt-up way of living." J. C. Shairp. Girder Gird"er (?), n. [From Gird to sneer at.] One who girds; a satirist. Girder Gird"er, n. [From Gird to encircle.] 1. One who, or that which, girds. 2. (Arch. & Engin.) A main beam; a stright, horizontal beam to span an opening or carry weight, such as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a framed or built-up member discharging the same office, technically called a compound girder. See Illusts. of Frame, and Doubleframed floor, under Double. Bowstring girder, Box girder, etc. See under Bowstring, Box, etc. -- Girder bridge. See under Bridge. -- Lattice girder, a girder consisting of longitudinal bars united by diagonal crossing bars. -- Half-lattice girder, a girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower bars connected by a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in opposite directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a series of triangles. Knight. -- Sandwich girder, a girder consisting of two parallel wooden beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped together by iron bolts. Girding Gird"ing, n. That with which one is girded; a girdle. Instead of a stomacher, a girding of sackcloth. Is. iii. 24. Girdle Gir"dle (?), n. A griddle. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Girdle Gir"dle, n. [OE. gurdel, girdel, AS. gyrdel, fr. gyrdan; akin to D. gordel, G. g\'81rtel, Icel. gyr. See Gird, v. t., to encircle, and cf. Girth, n.] 1. That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a circumference; a belt; esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress encircling the body usually at the waist; a cestus. Within the girdle of these walls. Shak. Their breasts girded with golden girdles. Rev. xv. 6. 2. The zodiac; also, the equator. [Poetic] Bacon. From the world's girdle to the frozen pole. Cowper. That gems the starry girdle of the year. Campbell. 3. (Jewelry) The line ofgreatest circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped by the setting. See Illust. of Brilliant. Knight. 4. (Mining) A thin bed or stratum of stone. Raymond. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The clitellus of an earthworm. Girdle bone (Anat.), the sphenethmoid. See under Sphenethmoid. -- Girdle wheel, a spinning wheel. -- Sea girdle (Zo\'94l.), a ctenophore. See Venus's girdle, under Venus. -- Shoulder, Pectoral, AND Pelvic, girdle. (Anat.) See under Pectoral, and Pelvic. -- To have under the girdle, to have bound to one, that is, in subjection. Girdle Gir"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girdled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Girdling (?).] 1. To bind with a belt or sash; to gird. Shak. 2. To inclose; to environ; to shut in. Those sleeping stones, That as a waist doth girdle you about. Shak. 3. To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree, etc.) through the bark and alburnum, thus killing it. [U. S.] Girdler Gir"dler (?), n. 1. One who girdles. 2. A maker of girdles. 3. (Zo\'94l.) An American longicorn beetle (Oncideres cingulatus) which lays its eggs in the twigs of the hickory, and then girdles each branch by gnawing a groove around it, thus killing it to provide suitable food for the larv\'91. Girdlestead Gir"dle*stead (?), n. [Girdle + stead place.] 1. That part of the body where the girdle is worn. [Obs.] Sheathed, beneath his girdlestead. Chapman. 2. The lap. [R.] There fell a flower into her girdlestead. Swinburne. Gire Gire (?), n. [Obs.] See Gyre. Girkin Gir"kin (?), n. [Obs.] See Gherkin. Girl Girl (?), n. [OE. girle, gerle, gurle, a girl (in sense 1): cf. LG. g\'94r child.] 1. A young person of either sex; a child. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A female child, from birth to the age of puberty; a young maiden. 3. A female servant; a maidservant. [U. S.] 4. (Zo\'94l.) A roebuck two years old. [Prov. Eng.] Girlhood Girl"hood (?), n. State or time of being a girl. Girlish Girl"ish, a. Like, or characteristic of, a girl; of or pertaining to girlhood; innocent; artless; immature; weak; as, girlish ways; girlish grief. -- Girl"ish*ly, adv. -- Girl"ish*ness, n. Girlond Gir"lond (?), n. [See Garland, n.] A garland; a prize. [Obs.] Chapman. Girn Girn (?), v. i. [See Grin, n.] To grin. [Obs.] Girondist Gi*ron"dist (?), n. [F. Girondiste.] A member of the moderate republican party formed in the French legislative assembly in 1791. The Girondists were so called because their leaders were deputies from the department of La Gironde. Girondist Gi*ron"dist, a. Of or pertaining to the Girondists. [Written also Girondin.] Girrock Gir"rock (?), n. [Cf. Prov. F. chicarou.] (Zo\'94l.) A garfish. Johnson. Girt Girt (?), imp. & p. p. of Gird. Girt Girt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girted; p. pr. & vb. n. Girting.] [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.] To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree. We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk, And girt thee with the sword. Shak. Girt Girt, a. (Naut.) Bound by a cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by two anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of the current or tide. _________________________________________________________________ Page 627 Girt Girt (?), n. Same as Girth. Girth Girth (?), n. [Icel. gj\'94r girdle, or ger girth; akin to Goth. ga\'a1rda girdle. See Gird to girt, and cf. Girdle, n.] 1. A band or strap which encircles the body; especially, one by which a saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse. 2. The measure round the body, as at the waist or belly; the circumference of anything. He's a lu sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in the girth. Addison. 3. A small horizontal brace or girder. Girth Girth, v. t. [From Girth, n., cf. Girt, v. t.] To bind as with a girth. [R.] Johnson. Girtline Girt"line` (?), n. (Naut.) A gantline. Hammock girtline, a line rigged for hanging out hammocks to dry. Gisarm Gis*arm" (?), n. [OF. gisarme, guisarme.] (Medi\'91val Armor) A weapon with a scythe-shaped blade, and a separate long sharp point, mounted on a long staff and carried by foot soldiers. Gise Gise (?), v. t. [See Agist.] To feed or pasture. [Obs.] Gise Gise (?), n. Guise; manner. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gisle Gis"le (?), n. [AS. g\'c6sel; akin to G. geisel, Icel. g\'c6sl.] A pledge. [Obs.] Bp. Gibson. Gismondine, Gismondite Gis*mon"dine (?), Gis*mon"dite (?), n. [From the name of the discoverer, Gismondi.] (Min.) A native hydrated silicate of alumina, lime, and potash, first noticed near Rome. Gist Gist (?), n. [OF. giste abode, lodgings, F. g\'8cte, fr. g\'82sir to lie, L. jac, prop., to be thrown, hence, to lie, fr. jacre to throw. In the second sense fr. OF. gist, F. g\'8ct, 3d pers. sing. ind. of g\'82sir to lie, used in a proverb, F., c'est l\'85 que g\'8ct le li\'8avre, it is there that the hare lies, i. e., that is the point, the difficulty. See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Agist, Joist, n., Gest a stage in traveling.] 1. A resting place. [Obs.] These quails have their set gists; to wit, ordinary resting and baiting places. Holland. 2. The main point, as of a question; the point on which an action rests; the pith of a matter; as, the gist of a question. Git Git (?), n. (Founding) See Geat. Gite Gite (?), n. A gown. [Obs.] She came often in a gite of red. Chaucer. Gith Gith (?), n. [Prov. E., corn cockle; cf. W. gith corn cockle.] (Bot.) The corn cockle; also anciently applied to the Nigella, or fennel flower. Gittern Git"tern (?), n. [OE. giterne, OF. guiterne, ultimately from same source as E. guitar. See Guitar, and cf. Cittern.] An instrument like a guitar. "Harps, lutes, and giternes." Chaucer. Gittern Git"tern, v. i. To play on gittern. Milton. Gittith Git"tith (?), n. [Heb.] A musical instrument, of unknown character, supposed by some to have been used by the people of Gath, and thence obtained by David. It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii., lxxxi., and lxxxiv. Dr. W. Smith. Guist Guist (?), n. [Obs.] Same as Joust. Spenser. Giusto Gius"to (?), a. [It., fr. L. justus. See Just, a.] (Mus.) In just, correct, or suitable time. Give Give (?), v. t. [imp. Gave (?); p. p. Given (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Giving.] [OE. given, yiven, yeven, AS. gifan, giefan; akin to D. geven, OS. g, OHG. geban, Icel. gefa, Sw. gifva, Dan. give, Goth. giban. Cf. Gift, n.] 1. To bestow without receiving a return; to confer without compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as authority or permission; to yield up or allow. For generous lords had rather give than pay. Young. 2. To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in exchange for something; to pay; as, we give the value of what we buy. What shall a man give in exchange for his soul ? Matt. xvi. 26. 3. To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; as, flint and steel give sparks. 4. To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings, etc.; to pronounce; to render or utter, as an opinion, a judgment, a sentence, a shout, etc. 5. To grant power or license to; to permit; to allow; to license; to commission. It is given me once again to behold my friend. Rowe. Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine. Pope. 6. To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show; as, the number of men, divided by the number of ships, gives four hundred to each ship. 7. To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply one's self; as, the soldiers give themselves to plunder; also in this sense used very frequently in the past participle; as, the people are given to luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to study. 8. (Logic & Math.) To set forth as a known quantity or a known relation, or as a premise from which to reason; -- used principally in the passive form given. 9. To allow or admit by way of supposition. I give not heaven for lost. Mlton. 10. To attribute; to assign; to adjudge. I don't wonder at people's giving him to me as a lover. Sheridan. 11. To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; as, to give offense; to give pleasure or pain. 12. To pledge; as, to give one's word. 13. To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive; as, to give one to understand, to know, etc. But there the duke was given to understand That in a gondola were seen together Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica. Shak. To give away, to make over to another; to transfer. Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is given away from ourselves. Atterbury. -- To give back, to return; to restore. Atterbury. -- To give the bag, to cheat. [Obs.] I fear our ears have given us the bag. J. Webster. -- To give birth to. (a) To bear or bring forth, as a child. (b) To originate; to give existence to, as an enterprise, idea. -- To give chase, to pursue. -- To give ear to. See under Ear. -- To give forth, to give out; to publish; to tell. Hayward. -- To give ground. See under Ground, n. -- To give the hand, to pledge friendship or faith. -- To give the hand of, to espouse; to bestow in marriage. -- To give the head. See under Head, n. -- To give in. (a) To abate; to deduct. (b) To declare; to make known; to announce; to tender; as, to give in one's adhesion to a party. -- To give the lie to (a person), to tell (him) that he lies. -- To give line. See under Line. -- To give off, to emit, as steam, vapor, odor, etc. -- To give one's self away, to make an inconsiderate surrender of one's cause, an unintentional disclosure of one's purposes, or the like. [Colloq.] -- To give out. (a) To utter publicly; to report; to announce or declare. One that gives out himself Prince Florizel. Shak. Give out you are of Epidamnum. Shak. (b) To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a substance gives out steam or odors. -- To give over. (a) To yield completely; to quit; to abandon. (b) To despair of. (c) To addict, resign, or apply (one's self). The Babylonians had given themselves over to all manner of vice. Grew. -- To give place, to withdraw; to yield one's claim. -- To give points. (a) In games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a certain advantage; to allow a handicap. (b) To give useful suggestions. [Colloq.] -- To give rein. See under Rein, n. -- To give the sack . Same as To give the bag. -- To give and take. (a) To average gains and losses. (b) To exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc. -- To give time (Law), to accord extension or forbearance to a debtor. Abbott. -- To give the time of day, to salute one with the compliment appropriate to the hour, as "good morning." "good evening", etc. -- To give tongue, in hunter's phrase, to bark; -- said of dogs. -- To give up. (a) To abandon; to surrender. "Don't give up the ship." He has . . . given up For certain drops of salt, your city Rome. Shak. (b) To make public; to reveal. I'll not state them By giving up their characters. Beau. & Fl. (c) (Used also reflexively.) -- To give up the ghost. See under Ghost. -- To give one's self up, to abandon hope; to despair; to surrender one's self. -- To give way. (a) To withdraw; to give place. (b) To yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding gave way. (c) (Naut.) To begin to row; or to row with increased energy. (d) (Stock Exchange). To depreciate or decline in value; as, railroad securities gave way two per cent. -- To give way together, to row in time; to keep stroke. Syn. -- To Give, Confer, Grant. To give is the generic word, embracing all the rest. To confer was originally used of persons in power, who gave permanent grants or privileges; as, to confer the order of knighthood; and hence it still denotes the giving of something which might have been withheld; as, to confer a favor. To grant is to give in answer to a petition or request, or to one who is in some way dependent or inferior. Give Give (?), v. i. 1. To give a gift or gifts. 2. To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less rigid; as, the earth gives under the feet. 3. To become soft or moist. [Obs.] Bacon . 4. To move; to recede. Now back he gives, then rushes on amain. Daniel. 5. To shed tears; to weep. [Obs.] Whose eyes do never give But through lust and laughter. Shak. 6. To have a misgiving. [Obs.] My mind gives ye're reserved To rob poor market women. J. Webster. 7. To open; to lead. [A Gallicism] This, yielding, gave into a grassy walk. Tennyson. To give back, to recede; to retire; to retreat. They gave back and came no farther. Bunyan. -- To give in, to yield; to succumb; to acknowledge one's self beaten; to cease opposition. The Scots battalion was enforced to give in. Hayward. This consideration may induce a translator to give in to those general phrases. Pope. -- To give off, to cease; to forbear. [Obs.] Locke. -- To give on OR upon. (a) To rush; to fall upon. [Obs.] (b) To have a view of; to be in sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open upon; to front; to face. [A Gallicism: cf. Fr. donner sur.] Rooms which gave upon a pillared porch. Tennyson. The gloomy staircase on which the grating gave. Dickens. -- To give out. (a) To expend all one's strength. Hence: (b) To cease from exertion; to fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being to give out; the flour has given out. -- To give over, to cease; to discontinue; to desist. It would be well for all authors, if they knew when to give over, and to desist from any further pursuits after fame. Addison. -- To give up, to cease from effort; to yield; to despair; as, he would never give up. Given Giv"en (?), p. p. & a. from Give, v. 1. (Math. & Logic) Granted; assumed; supposed to be known; set forth as a known quantity, relation, or premise. 2. Disposed; inclined; -- used with an adv.; as, virtuously given. Shak. 3. Stated; fixed; as, in a given time. Given name, the Christian name, or name given by one's parents or guardians, as distinguished from the surname, which is inherited. [Colloq.] Giver Giv"er (?), n. One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes. It is the giver, and not the gift, that engrosses the heart of the Christian. Kollock. Gives Gives (?), n. pl. [See Give, n.] Fetters. Giving Giv"ing (?), n. 1. The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting. 2. A gift; a benefaction. [R.] Pope. 3. The act of softening, breaking, or yielding. "Upon the first giving of the weather." Addison. Giving in, a falling inwards; a collapse. -- Giving out, anything uttered or asserted; an outgiving. His givings out were of an infinite distance From his true meant design. Shak. Gizzard Giz"zard (?), n. [F. g\'82sier, L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry. Cf. Gigerium.] 1. (Anat.) The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in which the food is crushed and ground, after being softened in the glandular stomach (crop), or lower part of the esophagus; the gigerium. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals. (b) A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or teeth, as in certain insects and mollusks. Gizzard shad (Zo\'94l.), an American herring (Dorosoma cepedianum) resembling the shad, but of little value. -- To fret the gizzard, to harass; to vex one's self; to worry. [Low] Hudibras. -- To stick in one's gizzard, to be difficult of digestion; to be offensive. [Low] Glabella Gla*bel"la (?), n.; pl. Glabell (#). [NL., fr. L. glabellus hairless, fr. glaber bald.] (Anat.) The space between the eyebrows, also including the corresponding part of the frontal bone; the mesophryon. -- Gla*bel"lar (#), a. Glabellum Gla*bel"lum (?), n.; pl. Glabella (#). [NL. See Glabella.] (Zo\'94l.) The median, convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See Trilobite. Glabrate Gla"brate (?), a. [L. glabrare, fr. glaber smooth.] (Bot.) Becoming smooth or glabrous from age. Gray. Glabreate, Glabriate Gla"bre*ate (?), Gla"bri*ate (?), v. t. [See Glabrate.] To make smooth, plain, or bare. [Obs.] Glabrity Glab"ri*ty (?), n. [L. glabritas.] Smoothness; baldness. [R.] Glabrous Gla"brous (?), a. [L. glaber; cf. Gr. Smooth; having a surface without hairs or any unevenness. Glacial Gla"cial (?), a. [L. glacialis, from glacies ice: cf. F. glacial.] 1. Pertaining to ice or to its action; consisting of ice; frozen; icy; esp., pertaining to glaciers; as, glacial phenomena. Lyell. 2. (Chem.) Resembling ice; having the appearance and consistency of ice; -- said of certain solid compounds; as, glacial phosphoric or acetic acids. Glacial acid (Chem.), an acid of such strength or purity as to crystallize at an ordinary temperature, in an icelike form; as acetic or carbolic acid. -- Glacial drift (Geol.), earth and rocks which have been transported by moving ice, land ice, or icebergs; bowlder drift. -- Glacial epoch OR period (Geol.), a period during which the climate of the modern temperate regions was polar, and ice covered large portions of the northern hemisphere to the mountain tops. -- Glacial theory OR hypothesis. (Geol.) See Glacier theory, under Glacier. Glacialist Gla"cial*ist, n. One who attributes the phenomena of the drift, in geology, to glaciers. Glaciate Gla"ci*ate (?), v. i. [L. glaciatus, p. p. of glaciare to freeze, fr. glacies ice.] To turn to ice. Glaciate Gla"ci*ate, v. t. 1. To convert into, or cover with, ice. 2. (Geol.) To produce glacial effects upon, as in the scoring of rocks, transportation of loose material, etc. Glaciated rocks, rocks whose surfaces have been smoothed, furrowed, or striated, by the action of ice. Glaciation Gla`ci*a"tion (?), n. 1. Act of freezing. 2. That which is formed by freezing; ice. 3. The process of glaciating, or the state of being glaciated; the production of glacial phenomena. Glacier Gla"cier (?), n. [F. glacier, fr. glace ice, L. glacies.] An immense field or stream of ice, formed in the region of perpetual snow, and moving slowly down a mountain slope or valley, as in the Alps, or over an extended area, as in Greenland. NOTE: &hand; The mass of compacted snow forming the upper part of a glacier is called the firn, or n\'82v\'82; the glacier proper consist of solid ice, deeply crevassed where broken up by irregularities in the slope or direction of its path. A glacier usually carries with it accumulations of stones and dirt called moraines, which are designated, according to their position, as lateral, medial, or terminal (see Moraine). The common rate of flow of the Alpine glaciers is from ten to twenty inches per day in summer, and about half that in winter. Glacier theory (Geol.), the theory that large parts of the frigid and temperate zones were covered with ice during the glacial, or ice, period, and that, by the agency of this ice, the loose materials on the earth's surface, called drift or diluvium, were transported and accumulated. Glacious Gla"cious (?), a. Pertaining to, consisting of or resembling, ice; icy. Sir T. Browne. Glacis Gla"cis (?), n. [F. glacis; -- so named from its smoothness. See Glacier.] A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently sloping bank; especially (Fort.), that slope of earth which inclines from the covered way toward the exterior ground or country (see Illust. of Ravelin). _________________________________________________________________ Page 628 Glad Glad (?), a. [Compar. Gladder (?); superl. Gladdest (?).] [AS. gl\'91d bright, glad; akin to D. glad smooth, G. glatt, OHG. glat smooth, shining, Icel. gla glad, bright, Dan. & Sw. glad glad, Lith. glodas smooth, and prob. to L. glaber, and E. glide. Cf. Glabrous.] 1. Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; -- opposed to sorry, sorrowful, or unhappy; -- said of persons, and often followed by of, at, that, or by the infinitive, and sometimes by with, introducing the cause or reason. A wise son maketh a glad father. Prov. x. 1. He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished. Prov. xvii. 5. The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood. Dryden. He, glad of her attention gained. Milton. As we are now glad to behold your eyes. Shak. Glad am I that your highness is so armed. Shak. Glad on 't, glad of it. [Colloq.] Shak. 2. Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing or exciting joy; producing gladness; exhilarating. Her conversation More glad to me than to a miser money is. Sir P. Sidney. Glad evening and glad morn crowned the fourth day. Milton. Syn. -- Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated; delighted; happy; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; exhilarating; pleasing; animating. -- Glad, Delighted, Gratified. Delighted expresses a much higher degree of pleasure than glad. Gratified always refers to a pleasure conferred by some human agent, and the feeling is modified by the consideration that we owe it in part to another. A person may be glad or delighted to see a friend, and gratified at the attention shown by his visits. Glad Glad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gladding.] [AS. gladian. See Glad, a., and cf. Gladden, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer; to gladden; to exhilarate. Chaucer. That which gladded all the warrior train. Dryden. Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of man. Pope. Glad Glad, v. i. To be glad; to rejoice. [Obs.] Massinger. Gladden Glad"den (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladdened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gladdening (?).] [See Glad, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer; to please; to gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate. A secret pleasure gladdened all that saw him. Addison. Gladden Glad"den, v. i. To be or become glad; to rejoice. The vast Pacific gladdens with the freight. Wordsworth. Gladder Glad"der (?), n. One who makes glad. Chaucer. Glade Glade (?), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to glad, a.; cf. also W. golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination, fr. goleu light, clear, bright, goleu fwlch glade, lit., a light or clear defile.] 1. An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest. There interspersed in lawns and opening glades. Pope. 2. An everglade. [Local, U. S.] 3. An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen; also, smooth ice. [Local, U. S.] Bottom glade. See under Bottom. -- Glade net, in England, a net used for catching woodcock and other birds in forest glades. Gladen Gla"den (?), n. [AS. gl\'91dene, cf. L. gladius a sword. Cf. Gladiole.] (Bot.) Sword grass; any plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the European Iris f\'d2tidissima. [Written also gladwyn, gladdon, and glader.] Gladeye Glad"eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European yellow-hammer. Gladful Glad"ful (?), a. Full of gladness; joyful; glad. [R.] -- Glad"ful*ness, n. [R.] Spenser. It followed him with gladful glee. Spenser. Gladiate Glad"i*ate (?), a. [L. gladius sword.] (Bot.) Sword-shaped; resembling a sword in form, as the leaf of the iris, or of the gladiolus. Gladiator Glad"i*a`tor (?), n. [L., fr. gladius sword. See Glaive.] 1. Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with weapons in public, either on the occasion of a funeral ceremony, or in the arena, for public amusement. 2. One who engages in any fierce combat or controversy. Gladiatorial, Gladiatorian Glad`i*a*to"ri*al (?), Glad`i*a*to"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to gladiators, or to contests or combatants in general. Gladiatorism Glad"i*a`tor*ism (?), n. The art or practice of a gladiator. Gladiatorship Glad"i*a`tor*ship, n. Conduct, state, or art, of a gladiator. Gladiatory Glad"i*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. gladiatorius.] Gladiatorial. [R.] Gladiature Glad"i*a*ture (?), n. [L. gladiatura.] Swordplay; fencing; gladiatorial contest. Gayton. Gladiole Glad"i*ole (?), n. [L. gladiolus a small sword, the sword lily, dim. of gladius sword. See Glaive.] (Bot.) A lilylike plant, of the genus Gladiolus; -- called also corn flag. Gladiolus Gla*di"o*lus (?), n.; pl. L. Gladioli (#), E. Gladioluses (#). [L. See Gladiole.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having bulbous roots and gladiate leaves, and including many species, some of which are cultivated and valued for the beauty of their flowers; the corn flag; the sword lily. 2. (Anat.) The middle portion of the sternum in some animals; the mesosternum. Gladius Gla"di*us (?), n.; pl. Gladii (#). [L., a sword.] (Zo\'94l.) The internal shell, or pen, of cephalopods like the squids. Gladly Glad"ly (?), adv. [From Glad, a.] 1. Preferably; by choice. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully; eagerly. The common people heard him gladly. Mark xii. 37. Gladness Glad"ness (?), n. [AS. gl\'91dnes.] State or quality of being glad; pleasure; joyful satisfaction; cheerfulness. They . . . did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of heart. Acts ii. 46. NOTE: &hand; Gl adness is ra rely or ne ver eq uivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety, and triumph, and it usually expresses less than delight. It sometimes expresses great joy. The Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. Esther viii. 17. Gladship Glad"ship, n. [AS. gl\'91dscipe.] A state of gladness. [Obs.] Gower. Gladsome Glad"some (?), a. 1. Pleased; joyful; cheerful. 2. Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having the appearance of gayety; pleasing. Of opening heaven they sung, and gladsome day. Prior. -- Glad"some*ly, adv. -- Glad"some*ness, n. Hours of perfect gladsomeness. Wordsworth. Gladstone Glad"stone (?), n. [Named after Wm. E. Gladstone.] A four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for driver and footman. Gladwyn Glad"wyn (?), n. (Bot.) See Gladen. Glair Glair (?), n. [F. glaire, glaire d'clarus clear, bright. See Clear, a.] 1. The white of egg. It is used as a size or a glaze in bookbinding, for pastry, etc. 2. Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling the white of an egg. 3. A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of halberd. Glair Glair, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glaired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glairing.] To smear with the white of an egg. Glaire Glaire (?), n. See Glair. Glaireous Glair"e*ous (?), a. Glairy; covered with glair. Glairin Glair"in (?), n. A glairy viscous substance, which forms on the surface of certain mineral waters, or covers the sides of their inclosures; -- called also baregin. Glairy Glair"y (?), a. Like glair, or partaking of its qualities; covered with glair; viscous and transparent; slimy. Wiseman. Glaive Glaive (?), n. [F. glaive, L. gladius; prob. akin to E. claymore. Cf. Gladiator.] 1. A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a light lance with a long sharp-pointed head. Wilhelm. 2. A sword; -- used poetically and loosely. The glaive which he did wield. Spenser. Glama Gla"ma (?), n. [NL.;cf. Gr. gramiae, Gr. (Med.) A copious gummy secretion of the humor of the eyelids, in consequence of some disorder; blearedness; lippitude. Glamour Gla"mour (?), n. [Scot. glamour, glamer; cf. Icel. gl\'a0meggdr one who is troubled with the glaucoma (?); or Icel. gl\'bem-s weakness of sight, glamour; gl\'bemr name of the moon, also of a ghost + s sight akin to E. see. Perh., however, a corruption of E. gramarye.] 1. A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear different from what they really are. 2. Witchcraft; magic; a spell. Tennyson. 3. A kind of haze in the air, causing things to appear different from what they really are. The air filled with a strange, pale glamour that seemed to lie over the broad valley. W. Black. 4. Any artificial interest in, or association with, an object, through which it appears delusively magnified or glorified. Glamour gift, Glamour might, the gift or power of producing a glamour. The former is used figuratively, of the gift of fascination peculiar to women. It had much of glamour might To make a lady seem a knight. Sir W. Scott. Glamourie Glam"ou*rie (?), n. Glamour. [Scot.] Glance Glance (?), n. [Akin to D. glans luster, brightness, G. glanz, Sw. glans, D. glands brightness, glimpse. Cf. Gleen, Glint, Glitter, and Glance a mineral.] 1. A sudden flash of light or splendor. Swift as the lightning glance. Milton. 2. A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual look; a swift survey; a glimpse. Dart not scornful glances from those eyes. Shak. 3. An incidental or passing thought or allusion. How fleet is a glance of the mind. Cowper. 4. (Min.) A name given to some sulphides, mostly dark-colored, which have a brilliant metallic luster, as the sulphide of copper, called copper glance. Glance coal, anthracite; a mineral composed chiefly of carbon. -- Glance cobalt, cobaltite, or gray cobalt. -- Glance copper, c -- Glance wood, a hard wood grown in Cuba, and used for gauging instruments, carpenters' rules, etc. McElrath. Glance Glance, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glancing (?).] 1. To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash. From art, from nature, from the schools, Let random influences glance, Like light in many a shivered lance, That breaks about the dappled pools. Tennyson. 2. To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside. "Your arrow hath glanced". Shak. On me the curse aslope Glanced on the ground. Milton. 3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to snatch a momentary or hasty view. The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven. Shak. 4. To make an incidental or passing reflection; to allude; to hint; -- often with at. Wherein obscurely C\'91sar\'b6s ambition shall be glanced at. Shak. He glanced at a certain reverend doctor. Swift. 5. To move quickly, appearing and disappearing rapidly; to be visible only for an instant at a time; to move interruptedly; to twinkle. And all along the forum and up the sacred seat, His vulture eye pursued the trip of those small glancing feet. Macaulay. Glance Glance (?), v. t. 1. To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a moment; as, to glance the eye. 2. To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly. [Obs.] In company I often glanced it. Shak. Glancing Glan"cing (?), a. 1. Shooting, as light. When through the gancing lightnings fly. Rowe. 2. Flying off (after striking) in an oblique direction; as, a glancing shot. Glancingly Glan"cing*ly, adv. In a glancing manner; transiently; incidentally; indirectly. Hakewill. Gland Gland (?), n. [F. glande, L. glans, glandis, acorn; akin to Gr. Parable, n.] 1. (Anat.) (a) An organ for secreting something to be used in, or eliminated from, the body; as, the sebaceous glands of the skin; the salivary glands of the mouth. (b) An organ or part which resembles a secreting, or true, gland, as the ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and pituitary glands, the functions of which are very imperfectly known. NOTE: &hand; Th e tr ue se creting glands are, in principle, narrow pouches of the mucous membranes, or of the integument, lined with a continuation of the epithelium, or of the epidermis, the cells of which produce the secretion from the blood. In the larger glands, the pouches are tubular, greatly elongated, and coiled, as in the sweat glands, or subdivided and branched, making compound and racemose glands, such as the pancreas. 2. (Bot.) (a) A special organ of plants, usually minute and globular, which often secretes some kind of resinous, gummy, or aromatic product. (b) Any very small prominence. 3. (Steam Mach.) The movable part of a stuffing box by which the packing is compressed; -- sometimes called a follower. See Illust. of Stuffing box, under Stuffing. 4. (Mach.) The crosspiece of a bayonet clutch. Glandage Glan"dage (?), n. [Cf. OF. glandage. See Gland.] A feeding on nuts or mast. [Obs.] Crabb. Glandered Glan"dered (?), a. Affected with glanders; as, a glandered horse. Yu Glanderous Glan"der*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to glanders; of the nature of glanders. Youatt. Glanders Glan"ders (?), n. [From Gland.] (Far.) A highly contagious and very destructive disease of horses, asses, mules, etc., characterized by a constant discharge of sticky matter from the nose, and an enlargement and induration of the glands beneath and within the lower jaw. It may transmitted to dogs, goats, sheep, and to human beings. Glandiferous Glan*dif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandifer; glans, glandis, acorn + ferre to bear; cf. F. glandif\'8are.] Bearing acorns or other nuts; as, glandiferous trees. Glandiform Gland"i*form (?), a. [L. glans, glandis, acorn + -form: cf. F. glandiforme .] Having the form of a gland or nut; resembling a gland. Glandular Glan"du*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. glandulaire. See Glandule.] Containing or supporting glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands. Glandulation Glan`du*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. glandulation.] (Bot.) The situation and structure of the secretory vessels in plants. Martyn. Glandulation respects the secretory vessels, which are either glandules, follicles, or utricles. J. Lee. Glandule Glan"dule (?), n. [L. glandula, dim. of glans, glandis, acorn: cf. F. glandule. See Gland.] A small gland or secreting vessel. Glanduliferous Glan`du*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandula gland + -ferous; cf. F. glandulif\'8are.] Bearing glandules. Glandulose Glan"du*lose` (?), a. Same as Glandulous. Glandulosity Glan`du*los"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being glandulous; a collection of glands. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Glandulous Glan"du*lous (?), a. [L. glandulosus: cf. F. glanduleux.] Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands; resembling glands. Glans Glans (?) n.; pl. Glandes (#). [L. See Gland.] 1. (Anat.) The vascular body which forms the apex of the penis, and the extremity of the clitoris. 2. (Bot.) The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits. Gray. 3. (Med.) (a) Goiter. (b) A pessary. [Obs.] Glare Glare (gl&acir;r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glaring.] [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. gl\'91r amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.] 1. To shine with a bright, dazzling light. The cavern glares with new-admitted light. Dryden. 2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare earnestly, angrily, or fiercely. And eye that scorcheth all it glares upon. Byron. 3. To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to be ostentatiously splendid or gay. She glares in balls, front boxes, and the ring. Pope. Glare Glare, v. t. To shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light. Every eye Glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire. Milton. Glare Glare, n. 1. A bright, dazzling light; splendor that dazzles the eyes; a confusing and bewildering light. The frame of burnished steel that cast a glare. Dryden. 2. A fierce, piercing look or stare. About them round, A lion now he stalks with fiery glare. Milton. 3. A viscous, transparent substance. See Glair. 4. A smooth, bright, glassy surface; as, a glare of ice. [U. S. ] Glare Glare, a. [See Glary, and Glare, n.] Smooth and bright or translucent; -- used almost exclusively of ice; as, skating on glare ice. [U. S.]<-- used generally of reflections of the sun --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 629 Glareous Glar"e*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. glaireux. See Glair.] Glairy. John Georgy (1766). Glariness, Glaringness Glar"i*ness (?), Glar"ing*ness, n. A dazzling luster or brilliancy. Glaring Glar"ing, a. Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a glaring crime. -- Glar"ing*ly, adv. Glary Glar"y (?), a. Of a dazzling luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth. Bright, crystal glass is glary. Boyle. Glass Glass (?), n. [OE. glas, gles, AS. gl\'91s; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. glas, Icel. glas, gler, Dan. glar; cf. AS. gl\'91r amber, L. glaesum. Cf. Glare, n., Glaze, v. t.] 1. A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly transparent substance, white or colored, having a conchoidal fracture, and made by fusing together sand or silica with lime, potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is used for window panes and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary use, for lenses, and various articles of ornament. NOTE: &hand; Gl ass is va riously co lored by the metallic oxides; thus, manganese colors it violet; copper (cuprous), red, or (cupric) green; cobalt, blue; uranium, yellowish green or canary yellow; iron, green or brown; gold, purple or red; tin, opaque white; chromium, emerald green; antimony, yellow. 2. (Chem.) Any substance having a peculiar glassy appearance, and a conchoidal fracture, and usually produced by fusion. 3. Anything made of glass. Especially: (a) A looking-glass; a mirror. (b) A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a vessel is exhausted of its sand. She would not live The running of one glass. Shak. (c) A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence, the contents of such a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors; as, he took a glass at dinner. (d) An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the plural, spectacles; as, a pair of glasses; he wears glasses. (e) A weatherglass; a barometer. NOTE: &hand; Gl ass is much used adjectively or in combination; as, glass maker, or glassmaker; glass making or glassmaking; glass blower or glassblower, etc. Bohemian glass, Cut glass, etc. See under Bohemian, Cut, etc. -- Crown glass, a variety of glass, used for making the finest plate or window glass, and consisting essentially of silicate of soda or potash and lime, with no admixture of lead; the convex half of an achromatic lens is composed of crown glass; -- so called from a crownlike shape given it in the process of blowing. -- Crystal glass, OR Flint glass. See Flint glass, in the Vocabulary. -- Cylinder glass, sheet glass made by blowing the glass in the form of a cylinder which is then split longitudinally, opened out, and flattened. -- Glass of antimony, a vitreous oxide of antimony mixed with sulphide. -- Glass blower, one whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass. -- Glass blowing, the art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat to a viscid state, by inflating it through a tube. -- Glass cloth, a woven fabric formed of glass fibers. -- Glass coach, a coach superior to a hackney-coach, hired for the day, or any short period, as a private carriage; -- so called because originally private carriages alone had glass windows. [Eng.] Smart. Glass coaches are [allowed in English parks from which ordinary hacks are excluded], meaning by this term, which is never used in America, hired carriages that do not go on stands. J. F. Cooper. -- Glass cutter. (a) One who cuts sheets of glass into sizes for window panes, ets. (b) One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding and polishing. (c) A tool, usually with a diamond at the point, for cutting glass. -- Glass cutting. (a) The act or process of dividing glass, as sheets of glass into panes with a diamond. (b) The act or process of shaping the surface of glass by appylying it to revolving wheels, upon which sand, emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are applied; especially of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth ornaments, and the like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut upon it, is said to be engraved. -- Glass metal, the fused material for making glass. -- Glass painting, the art or process of producing decorative effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and combining the pieces together with slender sash bars of lead or other metal. In common parlance, glass painting and glass staining (see Glass staining, below) are used indifferently for all colored decorative work in windows, and the like. -- Glass paper, paper faced with pulvirezed glass, and used for abrasive purposes. -- Glass silk, fine threads of glass, wound, when in fusion, on rapidly rotating heated cylinders. -- Glass silvering, the process of transforming plate glass into mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a deposit of silver, or a mercury amalgam. -- Glass soap, OR Glassmaker's soap, the black oxide of manganese or other substances used by glass makers to take away color from the materials for glass. -- Glass staining, the art or practice of coloring glass in its whole substance, or, in the case of certain colors, in a superficial film only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf. Glass painting. -- Glass tears. See Rupert's drop. -- Glass works, an establishment where glass is made. -- Heavy glass, a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially of a borosilicate of potash. -- Millefiore glass. See Millefiore. -- Plate glass, a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, and flattened by heavy rollers, -- used for mirrors and the best windows. -- Pressed glass, glass articles formed in molds by pressure when hot. -- Soluble glass (Chem.), a silicate of sodium or potassium, found in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony powder, or dissolved as a viscous, sirupy liquid; -- used for rendering fabrics incombustible, for hardening artificial stone, etc.; -- called also water glass. -- Spun glass, glass drawn into a thread while liquid. -- Toughened glass, Tempered glass, glass finely tempered or annealed, by a peculiar method of sudden cooling by plunging while hot into oil, melted wax, or paraffine, etc.; -- called also, from the name of the inventor of the process, Bastie glass. -- Water glass. (Chem.) See Soluble glass, above. -- Window glass, glass in panes suitable for windows. Glass Glass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glassing.] 1. To reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used reflexively. Happy to glass themselves in such a mirror. Motley. Where the Almighty's form glasses itself in tempests. Byron. 2. To case in glass. [R.] Shak. 3. To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze. Boyle. 4. To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by rubbing it with a glass burnisher. Glass-crab Glass"-crab` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larval state (Phyllosoma) of the genus Palinurus and allied genera. It is remarkable for its strange outlines, thinness, and transparency. See Phyllosoma. Glassen Glass"en (?), a. Glassy; glazed. [Obs.] And pursues the dice with glassen eyes. B. Jonson. Glasseye Glass"eye` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the great lakes; the wall-eyed pike. 2. (Far.) A species of blindness in horses in which the eye is bright and the pupil dilated; a sort of amaurosis. Youatt. Glass-faced Glass"-faced` (?), a. Mirror-faced; reflecting the sentiments of another. [R.] "The glass-faced flatterer." Shak. Glassful Glass"ful (?), n.; pl. Glassfuls (. The contents of a glass; as much of anything as a glass will hold. Glassful Glass"ful, a. Glassy; shining like glass. [Obs.] "Minerva's glassful shield." Marston. Glass-gazing Glass"-gaz`ing (?), a. Given to viewing one's self in a glass or mirror; finical. [Poetic] Shak. Glasshouse Glass"house` (?), n. A house where glass is made; a commercial house that deals in glassware. Glassily Glass"i*ly (?), adv. So as to resemble glass. Glassiness Glass"i*ness, n. The quality of being glassy. Glassite Glass"ite (?), n. A member of a Scottish sect, founded in the 18th century by John Glass, a minister of the Established Church of Scotland, who taught that justifying faith is "no more than a simple assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the understanding." The English and American adherents of this faith are called Sandemanians, after Robert Sandeman, the son-in-law and disciple of Glass. Glass maker, OR Glassmaker Glass" mak`er (?), OR Glass"mak`er, n. One who makes, or manufactures, glass. -- Glass" mak`ing, OR Glass"mak`ing, n. Glass-rope Glass"-rope` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the genus Hyalonema, first brought from Japan. It has a long stem, consisting of a bundle of long and large, glassy, siliceous fibers, twisted together. Glass-snail Glass"-snail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small, transparent, land snail, of the genus Vitrina. Glass-snake Glass"-snake` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A long, footless lizard (Ophiosaurus ventralis), of the Southern United States; -- so called from its fragility, the tail easily breaking into small pieces. It grows to the length of three feet. The name is applied also to similar species found in the Old World. Glass-sponge Glass"-sponge` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A siliceous sponge, of the genus Hyalonema, and allied genera; -- so called from their glassy fibers or spicules; -- called also vitreous sponge. See Glass-rope, and Euplectella. Glassware Glass"ware (?), n. Ware, or articles collectively, made of glass. Glasswork Glass"work` (?), n. Manufacture of glass; articles or ornamentation made of glass. Glasswort Glass"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A seashore plant of the Spinach family (Salicornia herbacea), with succulent jointed stems; also, a prickly plant of the same family (Salsola Kali), both formerly burned for the sake of the ashes, which yield soda for making glass and soap. Glassy Glass"y (?), a. 1. Made of glass; vitreous; as, a glassy substance. Bacon. 2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or transparency; as, a glassy stream; a glassy surface; the glassy deep. 3. Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said of the eyes. "In his glassy eye." Byron. Glassy feldspar (Min.), a variety of orthoclase; sanidine. Glasstonbury thorn Glass"ton*bur*y thorn` (?). (Bot.) A variety of the common hawthorn. Loudon. Glasynge Glas"ynge (?), n. Glazing or glass. [Obs.] Glauberite Glau"ber*ite (?), n. [From Glauber, a German chemist, died 1668: cf. F. glaub\'82rite, G. glauberit.] (Min.) A mineral, consisting of the sulphates of soda and lime. Glauber's salt OR Glauber's salts Glau"ber's salt` (?) OR Glau"ber's salts` (. [G. glaubersalz, from Glauber, a German chemist who discovered it. See Glauberite.] Sulphate of soda, a well-known cathartic. It is a white crystalline substance, with a cooling, slightly bitter taste, and is commonly called "salts." NOTE: &hand; It oc curs na turally an d abundantly in some mineral springs, and in many salt deposits, as the mineral mirabilite. It is manufactured in large quantities as an intermediate step in the "soda process," and also for use in glass making. Glaucescent Glau*ces"cent (?), a. [See Glaucous.] Having a somewhat glaucous appearance or nature; becoming glaucous. Glaucic Glau"cic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to the Glaucium or horned poppy; -- formerly applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be fumaric acid. Glaucine Glau"cine (?), a. Glaucous or glaucescent. Glaucine Glau"cine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the plant Glaucium, as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. Glaucodot Glau"co*dot (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A metallic mineral having a grayish tin-white color, and containing cobalt and iron, with sulphur and arsenic. Glaucoma Glau*co"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution of transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting media of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the eyeball, with marked increase of tension within the eyeball. Glaucomatous Glau*co"ma*tous (?), a. Having the nature of glaucoma. Glaucometer Glau*com"e*ter (?), n. See Gleucometer. Glauconite Glau"co*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. glauconite, glauconie, fr. L. glaucus. See Glaucous.] (Min.) The green mineral characteristic of the greensand of the chalk and other formations. It is a hydrous silicate of iron and potash. See Greensand. Glaucophane Glau"co*phane (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A mineral of a dark bluish color, related to amphibole. It is characteristic of certain crystalline rocks. Glaucosis Glau*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Same as Glaucoma. Glaucous Glau"cous (?), a. [L. glaucus, Gr. 1. Of a sea-green color; of a dull green passing into grayish blue. Lindley. 2. (Bot.) Covered with a fine bloom or fine white powder easily rubbed off, as that on a blue plum, or on a cabbage leaf. Gray. Glaucus Glau"cus (?), n. [L., sea green.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks, found in the warmer latitudes, swimming in the open sea. These mollusks are beautifully colored with blue and silvery white. Glaum Glaum (?), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To grope with the hands, as in the dark. [Scot.] To glaum at, to grasp or snatch at; to aspire to. Wha glaum'd at kingdoms three. Burns. Glave Glave (?), n. See Glaive. Glaver Glav"er (?), v. i. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glafr flattery.] 1. To prate; to jabber; to babble. [Obs.] Here many, clepid filosophirs, glavern diversely. Wyclif. 2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Obs.] Some slavish, glavering, flattering parasite. South. Glaverer Glav"er*er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag. Glaymore Glay"more` (?), n. A claymore. Johnson. Glase Glase (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glazing.] [OE. glasen, glazen, fr. glas. See Glass.] 1. To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a ease, etc.) with glass. Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and glazed with crystalline glass. Bacon. 2. To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface, consisting of, or resembling, glass; as, to glaze earthenware; hence, to render smooth, glasslike, or glossy; as, to glaze paper, gunpowder, and the like. Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears. Shak. 3. (Paint.) To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent color to (another color), to modify the effect. Glaze Glaze, v. i. To become glazed of glassy. Glaze Glaze, n. 1. The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or color in glazing. See Glaze, v. t., 3. Ure. 2. (Cookery) Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes. 3. A glazing oven. See Glost oven. Glazen Glaz"en (?), a. [AS. gl\'91sen.] Resembling glass; glasslike; glazed. [Obs.] Wyclif. Glazer Glaz"er (?), n. 1. One who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture, etc.; one who gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a calenderer or smoother of cloth, paper, and the like. 2. A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing, smoothing, etc.; amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel covered with emery, or having a band of lead and tin alloy, for polishing cutlery, etc. Glazier Gla"zier (?), n. [From Glaze.] One whose business is to set glass. Glazier's diamond. See under Diamond. Glazing Glaz"ing (?), n. 1. The act or art of setting glass; the art of covering with a vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or rendering glossy. 2. The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame. etc. 3. The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with which any surface is incrusted or overlaid; as, the glazing of pottery or porcelain, or of paper. 4. (Paint.) Transparent, or semitransparent, colors passed thinly over other colors, to modify the effect. Glazy Glaz"y (?), a. Having a glazed appearance; -- said of the fractured surface of some kinds of pin iron. Glead Glead (?), n. A live coal. See Gleed. [Archaic] Gleam Gleam (?), v. i. [Cf. OE. glem birdlime, glue, phlegm, and E. englaimed.] (Falconry) To disgorge filth, as a hawk. Gleam Gleam, n. [OE. glem, gleam, AS. gl\'91m, prob. akin to E. glimmer, and perh. to Gr. Glitter.] 1. A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a beam; a ray; a glimpse. Transient unexpected gleams of joi. Addison. At last a gleam Of dawning light turned thitherward in haste His [Satan's] traveled steps. Milton. A glimmer, and then a gleam of light. Longfellow. 2. Brightness; splendor. In the clear azure gleam the flocks are seen. Pope. Gleam Gleam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaming.] 1. To shoot, or dart, as rays of light; as, at the dawn, light gleams in the east. 2. To shine; to cast light; to glitter. Syn. -- To Gleam, Glimmer, Glitter. To gleam denotes a faint but distinct emission of light. To glimmer describes an indistinct and unsteady giving of light. To glitter imports a brightness that is intense, but varying. The morning light gleams upon the earth; a distant taper glimmers through the mist; a dewdrop glitters in the sun. See Flash. Gleam Gleam, v. t. To shoot out (flashes of light, etc.). Dying eyes gleamed forth their ashy lights. Shak. Gleamy Gleam"y, a. Darting beams of light; casting light in rays; flashing; coruscating. In brazed arms, that cast a gleamy ray, Swift through the town the warrior bends his way. Pope. _________________________________________________________________ Page 630 Glean Glean (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaning.] [OE. glenen, OF. glener, glaner, F. glaner, fr. LL. glenare; cf. W. glan clean, glanh to clean, purify, or AS. gelm, gilm, a hand 1. To gather after a reaper; to collect in scattered or fragmentary parcels, as the grain left by a reaper, or grapes left after the gathering. To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps. Shak. 2. To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is left. 3. To collect with patient and minute labor; to pick out; to obtain. Content to glean what we can from . . . experiments. Locke. Glean Glean, v. i. 1. To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers. And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field after the reapers. Ruth ii. 3. 2. To pick up or gather anything by degrees. Piecemeal they this acre first, then that; Glean on, and gather up the whole estate. Pope. Glean Glean, n. A collection made by gleaning. The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs. Dryden. Glean Glean, n. Cleaning; afterbirth. [Obs.] Holland. Gleaner Glean"er (?), n. 1. One who gathers after reapers. 2. One who gathers slowly with labor. Locke. Gleaning Glean"ing, n. The act of gathering after reapers; that which is collected by gleaning. Glenings of natural knowledge. Cook. Glebe Glebe (?), n. [F. gl\'8abe, L. gleba, glaeba, clod, land, soil.] 1. A lump; a clod. 2. Turf; soil; ground; sod. Fertile of corn the glebe, of oil, and wine. Milton. 3. (Eccl. Law) The land belonging, or yielding revenue, to a parish church or ecclesiastical benefice. Glebeless Glebe"less, a. Having no glebe. Glebosity Gle*bos"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being glebous. [R.] Glebous, Gleby Gleb"ous (?), Gleb"y (?), a. [Cf. L. glaebosus cloddy.] Pertaining to the glebe; turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful. "Gleby land." Prior. Glede Glede (?), n. [AS. glida, akin to Icel. gle,, Sw. glada. Cf. Glide, v. i.] (Zo\'94l.) The common European kite (Milvus ictinus). This name is also sometimes applied to the buzzard. [Written also glead, gled, gleed, glade, and glide.] Glede Glede, n. [See Gleed.] A live coal. [Archaic] The cruel ire, red as any glede. Chaucer. Glee Glee (?), n. [OE. gle, gleo, AS. gle\'a2w, gle\'a2, akin to Icel. gl: cf. Gr. 1. Music; minstrelsy; entertainment. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast. Spenser. 3. (Mus.) An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices. It is not necessarily gleesome. Gleed Gleed (?), n. [AS. gl, fr. gl to glow as a fire; akin to D. gloed, G. glut, Icel. gl. See Glow, v. i.] A live or glowing coal; a glede. [Archaic] Chaucer. Longfellow. Gleeful Glee"ful (?), a. Merry; gay; joyous. Shak. Gleek Gleek (?), n. [Prob. fr. Icel. leika to play, play a trick on, with the prefix ge-; akin to AS. gel\'becan, Sw. leka to play, Dan. lege.] 1. A jest or scoff; a trick or deception. [Obs.] Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his gleeks ? Shak. 2. [Cf. Glicke] An enticing look or glance. [Obs.] A pretty gleek coming from Pallas' eye. Beau. & Fl. Gleek Gleek, v. i. To make sport; to gibe; to sneer; to spend time idly. [Obs.] Shak. Gleek Gleek, n. [OF. glic, G. gl\'81ck, fortune. See Luck.] 1. A game at cards, once popular, played by three persons. [Obs.] Pepys. Evelyn. 2. Three of the same cards held in the same hand; -- hence, three of anything. [Obs.] Gleeman Glee"man (?), n.; pl. Gleemen (#). [Glee + man; AS. gle\'a2man.] A name anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician. Gleen Gleen (?), v. i. [Cf. Glance, Glint.] To glisten; to gleam. [Obs.] Prior. Gleesome Glee"some (?), a. Merry; joyous; gleeful. Gleet Gleet (?), n. [OE. glette, glet, glat, mucus, pus, filth, OF. glete.] (Med.) A transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the urethra, commonly an effect of gonorrhea. Hoblyn. Gleet Gleet, v. i. 1. To flow in a thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet. Wiseman. 2. To flow slowly, as water. Cheyne. Gleety Gleet"y (?), a. Ichorous; thin; limpid. Wiseman. Gleg Gleg (?), a. [Icel. gl\'94ggr.] Quick of perception; alert; sharp. [Scot.] Jamieson. Gleire, Gleyre Gleire (?), Gleyre, n. See Glair. [Obs.] Chaucer. Glen Glen (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glyn a deep valley, Ir. & Gael. gleann valley, glen.] A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a depression between hills. And wooes the widow's daughter of the glen. Spenser. Glenlivat, Glenlivet Glen*liv"at (?), Glen*liv"et (?), n. A kind of Scotch whisky, named from the district in which it was first made. W. E. Aytoun. Glenoid Gle"noid (?), a. [Gr. gl\'82no\'8bde.] (Anat.) Having the form of a smooth and shallow depression; sockas, the glenoid cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which the head of the humerus articulates. Glenoidal Gle*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Glenoid. Glent Glent (?), n. & v. See Glint. Gleucometer Gleu*com"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. gleucom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring the specific gravity and ascertaining the quantity of sugar contained in must. Glew Glew (?), n. See Glue. [Obs.] Gley Gley (?), v. i. [OE. gli, glien, gleien, to shine, to squint; cf. Icel. glj\'be to glitter.] To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook things. [Scot.] Jamieson. Gley Gley (?), adv. Asquint; askance; obliquely. Gliadin Gli"a*din (?), n. [Gr. gliadine.] (Chem.) Vegetable glue or gelatin; glutin. It is one of the constituents of wheat gluten, and is a tough, amorphous substance, which resembles animal glue or gelatin. Glib Glib (?), a. [Compar. Glibber (?); superl. Glibbest (?).] [Prob. fr. D. glibberen, glippen, to slide, glibberig, glipperig, glib, slippery.] 1. Smooth; slippery; as, ice is glib. [Obs.] 2. Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant rapidity; fluent; voluble; as, a glib tongue; a glib speech. I want that glib and oily art, To speak and purpose not. Shak. Syn. -- Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant. Glib Glib, v. t. To make glib. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Glib Glib, n. [Ir. & Gael. glib a lock of hair.] A thick lock of hair, hanging over the eyes. [Obs.] The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long glibs, which is a thick curied bush of hair hanging down over their eyes, and monstrously disguising them. Spenser. Their wild costume of the glib and mantle. Southey. Glib Glib, v. t. [Cf. O. & Prov. E. lib to castrate, geld, Prov. Dan. live, LG. & OD. lubben.] To castrate; to geld; to emasculate. [Obs.] Shak. Gilbbery Gilb"ber*y (?), a. 1. Slippery; changeable. [Obs.] My love is glibbery; there is no hold on't. Marston. 2. Moving easily; nimble; voluble. [Obs.] Thy lubrical and glibbery muse. B. Jonson. Glibly Glib"ly, adv. In a glib manner; as, to speak glibly. Glibness Glib"ness, n. The quality of being glib. Glicke Glicke (?), n. [Cf. Gleek, n., 2, and Ir. & Gael. glic wise, cunning, crafty.] An ogling look. [Obs.] Glidden Glid"den (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer. Glidder, Gliddery Glid"der (?), Glid"der*y (?), a. [Cf. Glide.] Giving no sure footing; smooth; slippery. [Prov. Eng.] Shingle, slates, and gliddery stones. R. D. Blackmore. Glide Glide (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The glede or kite. Glide Glide, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glided; p. pr. & vb. n. Gliding.] [AS. gl\'c6dan; akin to D. glijden, OHG. gl\'c6tan, G. gleiten, Sw. glida, Dan. glide, and prob. to E. glad.] 1. To move gently and smoothly; to pass along without noise, violence, or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and easily, or with a smooth, silent motion, as a river in its channel, a bird in the air, a skater over ice. The river glideth at his own sweet will. Wordsworth. 2. (Phon.) To pass with a glide, as the voice. Glide Glide, n. 1. The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labor or obstruction. They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts, With rapid glide, along the leaning line. Thomson. Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself, And with indented glides did slip away. Shak. 2. (Phon.) A transitional sound in speech which is produced by the changing of the mouth organs from one definite position to another, and with gradual change in the most frequent cases; as in passing from the begining to the end of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to consonant or consonant to vowel in a syllable, or from one component to the other of a double or diphthongal consonant (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 19, 161, 162). Also (by Bell and others), the vanish (or brief final element) or the brief initial element, in a class of diphthongal vowels, or the brief final or initial part of some consonants (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 18, 97, 191). NOTE: &hand; Th e on-glide of a vowel or consonant is the glidemade in passing to it, the off-glide, one made in passing from it. Glides of the other sort are distinguished as initial or final, or fore-glides and after-glides. For voice-glide, see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 17, 95. Gliden Glid"en (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer. Glider Glid"er (?), n. One who, or that which, glides. Glidingly Glid"ing*ly, adv. In a gliding manner. Gliff Gliff (?), n. [Cf. OE. gliffen, gliften, to look with fear at.] 1. A transient glance; an unexpected view of something that startles one; a sudden fear. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell. 2. A moment: as, for a gliff. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Glike Glike (?), n. [See Gleek a jest.] A sneer; a flout. [Obs.] Glim Glim (?), n. 1. Brightness; splendor. [Obs.] 2. A light or candle. [Slang] Dickens. Douse the glim, put out the light. [Slang] Glimmer Glim"mer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimmered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glimmering.] [Akin to G. glimmer a faint, trembling light, mica, glimmern to glimmer, glimmen to shine faintly, glow, Sw. glimma, Dan. glimre, D. glimmen, glimpen. See Gleam a ray, and cf. Glimpse.] To give feeble or scattered rays of light; to shine faintly; to show a faint, unsteady light; as, the glimmering dawn; a glimmering lamp. The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day. Shak. Syn. -- To gleam; to glitter. See Gleam, Flash. Glimmer Glim"mer, n. 1. A faint, unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light; also, a gleam. Gloss of satin and glimmer of pearls. Tennyson. 2. Mica. See Mica. Woodsward. Glimmer gowk, an owl. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson. Glimmering Glim"mer*ing, n. 1. Faint, unsteady light; a glimmer. South. 2. A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an inkling. Glimpse Glimpse (?), n. [For glimse, from the root of glimmer.] 1. A sudden flash; transient luster. LIght as the lightning glimpse they ran. Milton. 2. A short, hurried view; a transitory or fragmentary perception; a quick sight. Here hid by shrub wood, there by glimpses seen. S. Rogers. 3. A faint idea; an inkling. Glimpse Glimpse (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimpsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glimpsing.] to appear by glimpses; to catch glimpses. Drayton. Glimpse Glimpse, v. t. To catch a glimpse of; to see by glimpses; to have a short or hurried view of. Some glimpsing and no perfect sight. Chaucer. Glint Glint (?), n. [OE. glent.] A glimpse, glance, or gleam. [Scot.] "He saw a glint of light." Ramsay. Glint Glint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glinting.] [OE. glenten. Cf. Glance, v. i., Glitter, v. i.] To glance; to peep forth, as a flower from the bud; to glitter. Burns. Glint Glint, v. t. To glance; to turn; as, to glint the eye. Glioma Gli*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A tumor springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of the brain, spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous system. Glires Gli"res (?), n. pl. [L., dormice.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of mammals; the Rodentia. -- Gli"rine (#), a. Glissade Glis`sade" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] A sliding, as down a snow slope in the Alps. Tyndall. Glissando Glis*san"do (?), n. & a. [As if It. = Fr. glissant sliding.] (Mus.) A gliding effect; gliding. Glissette Glis*sette" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] (Math.) The locus described by any point attached to a curve that slips continuously on another fixed curve, the movable curve having no rotation at any instant. Glist Glist (?), n. [From Glisten.] Glimmer; mica. Glisten Glis"ten (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glistening (?).] [OE. glistnian, akin to glisnen, glisien, AS. glisian, glisnian, akin to E. glitter. See Glitter, v. i., and cf. Glister, v. i.] To sparkle or shine; especially, to shine with a mild, subdued, and fitful luster; to emit a soft, scintillating light; to gleam; as, the glistening stars. Syn. -- See Flash. Glister Glis"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glistering.] [OE. glistren; akin to G. glistern,glinstern, D. glinsteren, and E. glisten. See Glisten.] To be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant; to shine; to glisten; to glitter. All that glisters is not gold. Shak. Glister Glis"ter, n. Glitter; luster. Glister Glis"ter, n. [Cf. OF. glistere.] Same as Clyster. Glisteringly Glis"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glistering manner. Glitter Glit"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glittering.] [OE. gliteren; akin to Sw. glittra, Icel. glitra, glita, AS. glitenian, OS. gl\'c6tan, OHG. gl\'c6zzan, G. gleissen, Goth. glitmunjan, and also to E. glint, glisten, and prob. glance, gleam.] 1. To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and broken light or showy luster; to gleam; as, a glittering sword. The field yet glitters with the pomp of war. Dryden. 2. To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence attractive; as, the glittering scenes of a court. Syn. -- To gleam; to glisten; to shine; to sparkle; to glare. See Gleam, Flash. Glitter Glit"ter, n. A bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster; brilliancy; as, the glitter of arms; the glitter of royal equipage. Milton. Glitterand Glit"ter*and (?), a. Glittering. [Obs.] Spenser. Glitteringly Glit"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glittering manner. Gloam Gloam (?), v. i. [See Gloom, Glum.] 1. To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky. 2. To be sullen or morose. [Obs.] Gloam Gloam, n. The twilight; gloaming. [R.] Keats. Gloaming Gloam"ing, n. [See Gloom.] 1. Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening. [Scot. & North of Eng., and in poetry.] Hogg. 2. Sullenness; melancholy. [Obs.] J. Still. Gloar Gloar (?), v. i. [OD. gloeren, glueren, gluyeren. Cf. Glower.] To squint; to stare. [Obs.] Gloat Gloat (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gloating.] [Akin to Icel. glotta to smile scornfully, G. glotzen to gloat.] To look steadfastly; to gaz In vengeance gloating on another's pain. Byron. Globard Glo"bard (?), n. [OE. globerde, from glow.] A glowworm. [>Obs.] Holland. Globate, Globated Glo"bate (?), Glo"ba*ted (?), a. [L. globatus, p. p. of globare to make into a ball, fr. globus ball.] Having the form of a globe; spherical. Globe Globe (?), n. [L. globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of yarn, and E. clump, golf: cf. F. globe.] 1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere. 2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; as, the globe of the eye; the globe of a lamp. 3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by the definite article. Locke. 4. A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the earth or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial globe; -- called also artificial globe. 5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; -- a military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern infantry square. Him round A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed. Milton. Globe amaranth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Gomphrena (G. globosa), bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain color when gathered. -- Globe animalcule, a small, globular, locomotive organism (Volvox globator), once throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a colony of microscopic alg\'91. -- Globe of compression (Mil.), a kind of mine producing a wide crater; -- called also overcharged mine. -- Globe daisy (Bot.), a plant or flower of the genus Globularing, common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form globular heads. -- Globe sight, a form of front sight placed on target rifles. -- Globe slater (Zo\'94l.), an isopod crustacean of the genus Spheroma. -- Globe thistle (Bot.), a thistlelike plant with the flowers in large globular heads (Cynara Scolymus); also, certain species of the related genus Echinops. -- Globe valve. (a) A ball valve. (b) A valve inclosed in a globular chamber. Knight. _________________________________________________________________ Page 631 Syn. -- Globe, Sphere, Orb, Ball. -- Globe denotes a round, and usually a solid body; sphere is the term applied in astronomy to such a body, or to the concentric spheres or orbs of the old astronomers; orb is used, especially in poetry, for globe or sphere, and also for the pathway of a heavenly body; ball is applied to the heavenly bodies concieved of as impelled through space. Globe Globe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Globed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Globing.] To gather or form into a globe. Globefish Globe"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A plectognath fish of the genera Diodon, Tetrodon, and allied genera. The globefishes can suck in water or air and distend the body to a more or less globular form. Called also porcupine fish, and sea hedgehog. See Diodon. Globeflower Globe"flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Trollius (T. Europ\'91us), found in the mountainous parts of Europe, and producing handsome globe-shaped flowers. (b) The American plant Trollius laxus. Japan globeflower. See Corchorus. Globe-shaped Globe"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a globe. Globiferous Glo*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Globe + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a round or globular tip. Globigerina Glo*big`e*ri"na (?), n.; pl. Globigerin&ae; (#). [NL., fr. L. globus a round body + gerere to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small Foraminifera, which live abundantly at or near the surface of the sea. Their dead shells, falling to the bottom, make up a large part of the soft mud, generally found in depths below 3,000 feet, and called globigerina ooze. See Illust. of Foraminifera. Globose Glo*bose" (?), a. [L. globosus.] Having a rounded form resembling that of a globe; globular, or nearly so; spherical. Milton. Globosely Glo*bose"ly, adv. In a globular manner; globularly. Globosity Glo*bos"i*ty (?), n. [L. globositas: cf. F. globosit\'82.] Sphericity. Ray. Globous Glo"bous (?), a. [See Globose.] Spherical. Milton. Globular Glob"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. globulaire.] Globe-shaped; having the form of a ball or sphere; spherical, or nearly so; as, globular atoms. Milton. Globular chart, a chart of the earth's surface constructed on the principles of the globular projection. -- Globular projection (Map Projection), a perspective projection of the surface of a hemisphere upon a plane parallel to the base of the hemisphere, the point of sight being taken in the axis produced beyond the surface of the opposite hemisphere a distance equal to the radius of the sphere into the sine of 45°. -- Globular sailing, sailing on the arc of a great circle, or so as to make the shortest distance between two places; circular sailing. Globularity Glob`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The state of being globular; globosity; sphericity. Globularly Glob"u*lar*ly (?), adv. Spherically. Globularness Glob"u*lar*ness, n. Sphericity; globosity. Globule Glob"ule (?), n. [L. globulus, dim. of globus globe: cf. F. globule.] 1. A little globe; a small particle of matter, of a spherical form. Globules of snow. Sir I. Newton. These minute globules [a mole's eyes] are sunk . . . deeply in the skull. Paley. 2. (Biol.) A minute spherical or rounded structure; as blood, lymph, and pus corpuscles, minute fungi, spores, etc. 3. A little pill or pellet used by homeopathists. Globulet Glob"u*let (?), n. A little globule. Crabb. Globuliferous Glob`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Globule + -ferous.] Bearing globules; in geology, used of rocks, and denoting a variety of concretionary structure, where the concretions are isolated globules and evenly distributed through the texture of the rock. Globulimeter Glob`u*lim"e*ter (?), n. [Globule + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the number of red blood corpuscles in the blood. NOTE: &hand; The method depends on the differences of tint obtained by mixing a sample of the blood with sodium carbonate solution. Globulin Glob"u*lin (?), n. [From Globule: cf. F. globuline.] (Phisiol. Chem.) An albuminous body, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solutions of salt. It is present in the red blood corpuscles united with h\'91matin to form h\'91moglobin. It is also found in the crystalline lens of the eye, and in blood serum, and is sometimes called crystallin. In the plural the word is applied to a group of proteid substances such as vitellin, myosin, fibrinogen, etc., all insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute salt solutions. Globulite Glob"u*lite (?), n. [See Globule.] (Min.) A rudimentary form of crystallite, spherical in shape. Globulous Glob"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. globuleux.] Globular; spherical; orbicular. -- Glob"u*lous*ness, n. Globy Glob"y (?), a. Resembling, or pertaining to, a globe; round; orbicular. "The globy sea." Milton. Glochidiate Glo*chid"i*ate (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having barbs; as, glochidiate bristles. Gray. Glochidium Glo*chid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Glochidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The larva or young of the mussel, formerly thought to be a parasite upon the parent's gills. Glode Glode (?), obs. imp. of Glide. Chaucer. Glombe, Glome Glombe (?), Glome (?), v. i. To gloom; to look gloomy, morose, or sullen. [Obs.] Surrey. Glome Glome (?), n. Gloom. [Obs.] Glome Glome (?), n. [L. glomus a ball. Cf. Globe.] (Anat.) One of the two prominences at the posterior extremity of the frog of the horse's foot. Glomerate Glom"er*ate (?), a. [L. glomeratus, p. p. of glomerare to glomerate, from glomus. See 3d Glome.] Gathered together in a roundish mass or dense cluster; conglomerate. Glomerate Glom"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Glomerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glomerating (?).] To gather or wind into a ball; to collect into a spherical form or mass, as threads. Glomeration Glom`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. glomeratio.] 1. The act of forming or gathering into a ball or round mass; the state of being gathered into a ball; conglomeration. 2. That which is formed into a ball; a ball. Bacon. Glomerous Glom"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomerosus, fr. glomus. See 3d Glome.] Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass. [Obs.] Blount. Glomerule Glom"er*ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. L. glomus ball.] 1. (Bot.) A head or dense cluster of flowers, formed by condensation of a cyme, as in the flowering dogwood. 2. (Anat.) A glomerulus. Glomerulus Glo*mer"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Glomeruli (#). [NL., dim. of L. glomus. See 3d Glome.] (Anat.) The bunch of looped capillary blood vessels in a Malpighian capsule of the kidney. Glomuliferous Glom`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomus a ball + -ferous.] (Biol.) Having small clusters of minutely branched coral-like excrescences. M. C. Cooke. Glonoin Glonoine Glon"o*in Glon"o*ine (?), n. [Glycerin + oxygen + nitrogen + -in, -ine.] 1. Same as Nitroglycerin; -- called also oil of glonoin. [Obs.] 2. (Med.) A dilute solution of nitroglycerin used as a neurotic. Gloom Gloom (gl&oomac;m), n. [AS. gl&omac;m twilight, from the root of E. glow. See Glow, and cf. Glum, Gloam.] 1. Partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; as, the gloom of a forest, or of midnight. 2. A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove. Before a gloom of stubborn-shafted oaks. Tennyson . 3. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow; low spirits; dullness. A sullen gloom and furious disorder prevailed by fits. Burke. 4. In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven. Syn. -- Darkness; dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness; depression; melancholy; dejection; sadness. See Darkness. Gloom Gloom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glooming.] 1. To shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer. 2. To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal, gloomy, or sad; to come to the evening twilight. The black gibbet glooms beside the way. Goldsmith. [This weary day] . . . at last I see it gloom. Spenser. Gloom Gloom, v. t. 1. To render gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken. A bow window . . . gloomed with limes. Walpole. A black yew gloomed the stagnant air. Tennyson. 2. To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or sullen. Such a mood as that which lately gloomed Your fancy. Tennison. What sorrows gloomed that parting day. Goldsmith. Gloomily Gloom"i*ly (?), adv. In a gloomy manner. Gloominess Gloom"i*ness, n. State of being gloomy. Addison. Glooming Gloom"ing, n. [Cf. Gloaming.] Twilight (of morning or evening); the gloaming. When the faint glooming in the sky First lightened into day. Trench. The balmy glooming, crescent-lit. Tennyson. Gloomth Gloomth (?), n. Gloom. [R.] Walpole. Gloomy Gloom"y (?), a. [Compar. Gloomier (?); superl. Gloomiest.] 1. Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or darkness; dusky; dim; clouded; as, the cavern was gloomy. "Though hid in gloomiest shade." Milton. 2. Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy; dejected; as, a gloomy temper or countenance. Syn. -- Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen; morose; melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected; disheartened. Gloppen Glop"pen (?), v. t. & i. [OE. glopnen to be frightened, frighten: cf. Icel. gl to look downcast.] To surprise or astonish; to be startled or astonished. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Glore Glore (?), v. i. [See Gloar.] To glare; to glower. [Obs.] Halliwell. Gloria Glo"ri*a (?), n. [L., glory.] (Eccl.) (a) A doxology (beginning Gloria Patri, Glory be to the Father), sung or said at the end of the Psalms in the service of the Roman Catholic and other churches. (b) A portion of the Mass (Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Glory be to God on high), and also of the communion service in some churches. In the Episcopal Church the version in English is used. (c) The musical setting of a gloria. Gloriation Glo`ri*a"tion (?), n. [L. gloriatio, from gloriari to glory, boast, fr. gloria glory. See Glory, n.] Boast; a triumphing. [Obs.] Bp. Richardson. Internal gloriation or triumph of the mind. Hobbes. Gloried Glo"ried (?), a. [See Glory.] Illustrious; honorable; noble. [Obs.] Milton. Glorification Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. glorificatio: cf. F. glorification. See Glorify.] 1. The act of glorifyng or of giving glory to. Jer. Taylor. 2. The state of being glorifed; as, the glorification of Christ after his resurrection. Glorify Glo"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glorified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glorifying.] [F. glorifier, L. glorificare; gloria glory + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] 1. To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to confer honor and distinction upon; to elevate to power or happiness, or to celestial glory. Jesus was not yet glorified. John vii. 39. 2. To make glorious in thought or with the heart, by ascribing glory to; to asknowledge the excellence of; to render homage to; to magnify in worship; to adore. That we for thee may glorify the Lord. Shak. Gloriole Glo"ri*ole (?), n. [L. gloriola a small glory, dim. of gloria glory.] An aureole. [R.] Msr. Browning. Gloriosa Glo`ri*o"sa (?), n. [Nl., fr. L. gloriosus. See Glorious.] (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants with very showy lilylike blossoms, natives of India. Glorioser Glo`ri*o"ser (?), n. [From L. gloriosus boastful.] A boaster. [Obs.] Greene. Glorioso Glo`ri*o"so (?), n. [It.] A boaster. [Obs.] Fuller. Glorious Glo"ri*ous (?), a. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.] 1. Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. These are thy glorious works, Parent of good ! Milton. 2. Eager for glory or distinction; haughty; boastful; ostentatious; vainglorious. [Obs.] Most miserable Is the desire that's glorious. Shak. 3. Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink. [Colloq.] kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious, O'er all the ills of life victorious. Burns. During his office treason was no crime, The sons of Belial had a glorious time. Dryden. Syn. -- Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious; celebrated; magnificent; grand; splendid. -- Glo"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Glo"ri*ous*ness, n. Udall. Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously. Ex. xv. 21. I speak it not gloriously, nor out of affectation. B. Jonson. Glory Glo"ry (?), n. [OE. glorie, OF. glorie, gloire, F. gloire, fr. L. gloria; prob. akin to Gr. glory, praise, to hear. See Loud.] 1. Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common consent to a person or thing; high reputation; honorable fame; renown. Glory to God in the highest. Luke ii. 14. Spread his glory through all countries wide. Spenser. 2. That quality in a person or thing which secures general praise or honor; that which brings or gives renown; an object of pride or boast; the occasion of praise; excellency; brilliancy; splendor. Think it no glory to swell in tyranny. Sir P. Sidney. Jewels lose their glory if neglected. Shak. Your sex's glory 't is to shine unknown. Young. 3. Pride; boastfulness; arrogance. In glory of thy fortunes. Chapman. 4. The presence of the Divine Being; the manifestations of the divine nature and favor to the blessed in heaven; celestial honor; heaven. Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory. Ps. lxxiii. 24. 5. An emanation of light supposed to proceed from beings of peculiar sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of gold, or the like, proceeding from the head or body, or by a disk, or a mere line. NOTE: &hand; This is the general term; when confined to the head it is properly called nimbus; when encircling the whole body, aureola or aureole. Glory hole, an opening in the wall of a glass furnace, exposing the brilliant white light of the interior. Knight. -- Glory pea (Bot.), the name of two leguminous plants (Clianthus Dampieri and C. puniceus) of Australia and New Zeland. They have showy scarlet or crimson flowers. -- Glory tree (Bot.), a name given to several species of the verbenaceous genus Clerodendron, showy flowering shrubs of tropical regions. Glory Glo"ry, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glorying.] [OE. glorien, OF. glorier, fr. L. gloriari, fr. gloria glory. See Glory, n.] 1. To exult with joy; to rejoice. Glory ye in his holy name. Ps. cv. 2. To boast; to be proud. God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ. Gal. vi. 14 No one . . . should glory in his prosperity. Richardson. Glose Glose (?), n. & v. See Gloze. Chaucer. Gloser Glos"er (?), n. See Glosser. Gloss Gloss (?), n. [Cf. Icel. glossi a blaze, glys finery, MHG. glosen to glow, G. glosten to glimmer; perh. akin to E. glass.] 1. Bbrightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth surface; polish; as, the gloss of silk; cloth is calendered to give it a gloss. It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause any fairer gloss than the naked truth doth afford. Hooker. 2. A specious appearance; superficial quality or show. To me more dear, congenial to my heart, One native charm than all the gloss of art. Goldsmith. Gloss Gloss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glossing.] To give a superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and shining; as, to gloss cloth. The glossed and gleamy wave. J. R. Drake. Gloss Gloss, n. [OE. glose, F. glose, L. glossa a difficult word needing explanation, fr. Gr. Gloze, Glossary, Glottis.] 1. A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon word requiring explanation. [Obs.] 2. An interpretation, consisting of one or more words, interlinear or marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a running commentary. All this, without a gloss or comment, He would unriddle in a moment. Hudibras. Explaining the text in short glosses. T. Baker. 3. A false or specious explanation. Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 632 Gloss Gloss (?), v. t. 1. To render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate; to explain; to annotate. 2. To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and plausible; to palliate by specious explanation. You have the art to gloss the foulest cause. Philips. Gloss Gloss (?), v. i. 1. To make comments; to comment; to explain. Dryden. 2. To make sly remarks, or insinuations. Prior. Glossa Glos"sa (?), n.; pl. Gloss (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The tongue, or lingua, of an insect. See Hymenoptera. Glossal Glos"sal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the tongue; lingual. Glossanthrax Glos*san"thrax (?), n. [Gr. anthrax: cf. F. glossanthrax.] A disease of horses and cattle accompanied by carbuncles in the mouth and on the tongue. Glossarial Glos*sa"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glosses or to a glossary; containing a glossary. Glossarially Glos*sa"ri*al*ly, adv. In the manner of a glossary. Glossarist Glos"sa*rist (?), n. A writer of glosses or of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast. Tyrwhitt. Glossary Glos"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Gossaries (#). [L. glossarium, fr. glossa: cf. F. glossaire. See 3d Gloss.] A collection of glosses or explanations of words and passages of a work or author; a partial dictionary of a work, an author, a dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic, technical, or other uncommon words. Glossata Glos*sa"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Glossa.] (Zo\'94l.) The Lepidoptera. Glossator Glos*sa"tor (?), n. [LL. See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses or comments; a commentator. [R.] "The . . . glossators of Aristotle." Milman. Glosser Gloss"er (?), n. [See lst Gloss.] A polisher; one who gives a luster. Glosser Gloss"er, n. [See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a commentator. L. Addison. Glossic Glos"sic (?), n. [L. glossa a word requiring a gloss. See 3d Gloss.] A system of phonetic spelling based upon the present values of English letters, but invariably using one symbol to represent one sound only. Ingglish Glosik konvaiA. J. Ellis. Glossily Gloss"i*ly (?), adv. In a glossy manner. Glossiness Gloss"i*ness, n. [From Glossy.] The condition or quality of being glossy; the luster or brightness of a smooth surface. Boyle. Glossist Gloss"ist, n. A writer of comments. [Obs.] Milton. Glossitis Glos*si"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the tongue. Glossly Gloss"ly (?), adv. Like gloss; specious. Cowley. Glossocomon Glos*soc"o*mon (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. A kind of hoisting winch. Glossoepiglottic Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic (?), a. [Gr. epiglottic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis; as, glossoepiglottic folds. Glossographer Glos"sog"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. Gloss.] A writer of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast. Hayward. Glossographical Glos`so*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossography. Glossography Glos"sog"ra*phy (?), n. [See Glossographer.] The writing of glossaries, glosses, or comments for illustrating an author. Glossohyal Glos`so*hy"al (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Pertaining to both the hyoidean arch and the tongue; -- applied to the anterior segment of the hyoidean arch in many fishes. -- n. The glossohyal bone or cartilage; lingual bone; entoglossal bone. Glossolalia, Glossolaly Glos`so*la"li*a (?), Glos*sol"a*ly (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. glossolalie.] The gift of tongues. Farrar. Glossological Glos`so*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossology. Glassologist Glas*sol"o*gist (?), n. One who defines and explains terms; one who is versed in glossology. Glossology Glos*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. glossologie. See 3d Gloss.] 1. The definition and explanation of terms; a glossary. 2. The science of language; comparative philology; linguistics; glottology. Glossopharyngeal Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [Gr. pharyngeal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both the tongue and the pharynx; -- applied especially to the ninth pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the pharynx and tongue. -- n. One of the glossopharyngeal nerves. Glossy Gloss"y (?), a. [Compar. Glossier (?); superl. Glossiest.] [See Gloss luster.] 1. Smooth and shining; reflecting luster from a smooth surface; highly polished; lustrous; as, glossy silk; a glossy surface. 2. Smooth; specious; plausible; as, glossy deceit. Glost oven Glost" ov`en (?). An oven in which glazed pottery is fired; -- also called glaze kiln, or glaze. Glottal Glot"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis; glottic. Glottal catch, an effect produced upon the breath or voice by a sudden opening or closing of the glotts. Sweet. Glottic, Glottidean Glot"tic (?), Glot*tid"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the glottis; glottal. Glottis Glot"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Gloss an explanatory remark.] (Anat.) The opening from the pharynx into the larynx or into the trachea. See Larynx. Glottological Glot`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glottology. Glottologist Glot*tol"o*gist (?), n. A linguist; a philologist. Glottology Glot*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of tongues or languages; comparative philology; glossology. Glout Glout (?), v. i. [Scot. Cf. Gloat.] To pout; to look sullen. [Obs.] Garth. Glout Glout (?), v. t. To view attentively; to gloat on; to stare at. [Obs.] Wright. Glove Glove (?), n. [OE. glove, glofe, AS. gl; akin to Icel. gl, cf. Goth. l palm of the hand, Icel. l.] 1. A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a separate sheath for each finder. The latter characteristic distinguishes the glove from the mitten. 2. A boxing glove. Boxing glove. See under Boxing. -- Glove fight, a pugilistic contest in wich the fighters wear boxing gloves. -- Glove money OR silver. (a) A tip or gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with. (b) (Eng. Law.) A reward given to officers of courts; also, a fee given by the sheriff of a country to the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are no offenders to be executed. -- Glove sponge (Zo\'94l.), a fine and soft variety of commercial sponges (Spongia officinalis). -- To be hand and glove with, to be intimately associated or on good terms with. "Hand and glove with traitors." J. H. Newman. -- To handle without gloves,<-- with the gloves off, to take the gloves off --> to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly with. [Colloq.] -- To take up the glove, to accept a challenge or adopt a quarrel. -- To throw down the glove, to challenge to combat. Glove Glove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gloved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gloving.] To cover with, or as with, a glove. Glover Glov"er (?), n. One whose trade it is to make or sell gloves. Glover's suture OR stitch, a kind of stitch used in sewing up wounds, in which the thread is drawn alternately through each side from within outward. Glow Glow (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glowing.] [AS. gl; akin to D. gloeijen, OHG. gluoen, G. gl\'81hen, Icel. gl, Dan. gloende glowing. Gloom.] 1. To shine with an intense or white heat; to give forth vivid light and heat; to be incandenscent. Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees. Pope. 2. To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be brilliant, as if with heat; to be bright or red with heat or animation, with blushes, etc. Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays. Dryden. And glow with shame of your proceedings. Shak. 3. To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin, from friction, exercise, etc.; to burn. Did not his temples glow In the same sultry winds and acrching heats? Addison. The cord slides swiftly through his glowing hands. Gay. 4. To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense love, zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as, the heart glows with love, zeal, or patriotism. With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows. Dryden. Burns with one love, with one resentment glows. Pope. Glow Glow, v. t. To make hot; to flush. [Poetic] Fans, whose wind did seem To glow the delicate cheeks which they did cool. Shak. Glow Glow, n. 1. White or red heat; incandscence. 2. Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy flush; as, the glow of health in the cheeks. 3. Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or heat of passion; ardor. The red glow of scorn. Shak. 4. Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that produced by exercise, etc. Glowbard Glow"bard (?), n. [See Globard.] The glowworm. [Obs.] Glower Glow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glowering.] [Cf. Gloar.] to look intently; to stare angrily or with a scowl. Thackeray. Glowingly Glow"ing*ly (?), adv. In a glowing manner; with ardent heat or passion. Glowlamp Glow"lamp` (?), n. 1. (Chem.) An aphlogistic lamp. See Aphlogistic. 2. (Elect.) An incandescent lamp. See Incandescent, a. Glowworm Glow"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A coleopterous insect of the genus Lampyris; esp., the wingless females and larv\'91 of the two European species (L. noctiluca, and L. splendidula), which emit light from some of the abdominal segments. Like a glowworm in the night, The which hath fire in darkness, none in light. Shak. NOTE: &hand; The male is winged, and is supposed to be attracted by the light of the female. In America, the luminous larv\'91 of several species of fireflies and fire beetles are called glowworms. Both sexes of these are winged when mature. See Firefly. Gloxinia Glox*in"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) American genus of herbaceous plants with very handsome bell-shaped blossoms; -- named after B. P. Gloxin, a German botanist. Gloze Gloze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glozed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glozing.] [OE. glosen, F. gloser. See gloss explanation.] 1. To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk smoothly. Chaucer. A false, glozing parasite. South. So glozed the tempter, and his proem tuned. Milton. 2. To give a specious or false meaning; to ministerpret. Shak. Gloze Gloze, v. t. To smooth over; to palliate. By glozing the evil that is in the world. I. Taylor. Gloze Gloze, n. 1. Flattery; adulation; smooth speech. Now to plain dealing; lay these glozes by. Shak. 2. Specious show; gloss. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Glozer Gloz"er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Gifford (1580). Glucic Glu"cic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, sugar; as, glucic acid. Glucina Glu*ci"na (?), n. [Cf. F. glycine, glucine. So called because it forms sweet salts. See Glucinum.] (Chem.) A white or gray tasteless powder, the oxide of the element glucinum; -- formerly called glucine. Glucinic Glu*cin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, glucinum; as, glucinic oxide. Glucinum Glu*ci"num (?), n. [Cf. F. glucinium, glycium, fr. Gr. Glycerin.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of a silver white color, and low specific gravity (2.1), resembling magnesium. It never occurs naturally in the free state, but is always combined, usually with silica or alumina, or both; as in the minerals phenacite, chrysoberyl, beryl or emerald, euclase, and danalite. It was named from its oxide glucina, which was known long before the element was isolated. Symbol Gl. Atomic weight 9.1. Called also beryllium. [Formerly written also glucinium.]<-- modern name Beryllium, symbol Be --> Glucogen Glu"co*gen (?), n. [R.] See Glycogen. Glucogenesis Glu`co*gen"e*sis (?), n. Glycogenesis. [R.] Gluconic Glu*con"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, glucose. Gluconic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained as a colorless, sirupy liquid, by the oxidation of glucose; -- called also maltonic acid, and dextronic acid. Glucose Glu"cose` (?), n. [Gr. Glycerin.] 1. A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is only about half as sweet as cane sugar. Called also dextrose, grape sugar, diabetic sugar, and starch sugar. See Dextrose. 2. (Chem.) Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with glucose proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.<-- ?Now only one is called glucose -- when did this usage diappear? = hexose--> 3. The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable reside in the manufacture of glucose proper, and containing, in addition to some dextrose or glucose, also maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap adulterant of sirups, beers, etc. Glucoside Glu"co*side (?), n. [See Glucose.] (Chem.) One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers, and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates. Glucosuria Glu`co*su"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. E. glucose + Gr. (Med.) A condition in which glucose is discharged in the urine; diabetes mellitus. Glue Glue (?), n. [F. glu, L. glus, akin to gluten, from gluere to draw together. Cf. Gluten.] A hard brittle brownish gelatin, obtained by boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals. When gently heated with water, it becomes viscid and tenaceous, and is used as a cement for uniting substances. The name is also given to other adhesive or viscous substances. Bee glue. See under Bee. -- Fish glue, a strong kind of glue obtained from fish skins and bladders; isinglass. -- Glue plant (Bot.), a fucoid seaweed (Gloiopeltis tenax). -- Liquid glue, a fluid preparation of glue and acetic acid oralcohol. -- Marine glue, a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha, with shellac, used in shipbuilding. Glue Glue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gluing.] [F. gluer. See Glue, n.] To join with glue or a viscous substance; to cause to stick or hold fast, as if with glue; to fix or fasten. This cold, congealed blood That glues my lips, and will not let me speak. Shak. Gluepot Glue"pot` (?), n. A utensil for melting glue, consisting of an inner pot holding the glue, immersed in an outer one containing water which is heated to soften the glue. Gluer Glu"er (?), n. One who cements with glue. Gluey Glu"ey (?), a. Viscous; glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue. Glueyness Glu"ey*ness, n. Viscidity. Gluish Glu"ish, a. Somewhat gluey. Sherwood. Glum Glum (?), n. [See Gloom.] Sullenness. [Obs.] Skelton. Glum Glum, a. Moody; silent; sullen. I frighten people by my glun face. Thackeray. Glum Glum, v. i. To look sullen; to be of a sour countenance; to be glum. [Obs.] Hawes. Glumaceous Glu*ma"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. glumanc\'82. See Glume.] Having glumes; consisting of glumes. Glumal Glu"mal (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by a glume, or having the nature of a glume. Glume Glume (?), n. [L. gluma hull, husk, fr. glubere to bark or peel: cf. F. glume or gloume.] (Bot.) The bracteal covering of the flowers or seeds of grain and grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a spikelt. Gray. Glumella, Glumelle Glu*mel"la (?), Glu"melle (?), n. [F. glumelle, dim. of glume.] (Bot.) One of the pelets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or spikelets of grasses. Glumly Glum"ly (?), adv. In a glum manner; sullenly; moodily. Glummy Glum"my (?), a. [See Gloom.] dark; gloomy; dismal. [Obs.] Glumness Glum"ness, n. Moodiness; sullenness. Glump Glump (?), v. i. [See Glum.] To manifest sullenness; to sulk. [Colloq.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 633 Glumpy Glump"y (?), a. Glum; sullen; sulky. [Colloq.] "He was glumpy enough." T. Hook. Glunch Glunch (?), a. [Cf. Glump.] Frowning; sulky; sullen. Sir W. Scott. -- n. A sullen, angry look; a look of disdain or dislike. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Glut Glut (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glutting.] [OE. glotten, fr. OF. glotir, gloutir, L. glutire, gluttire; cf. Gr. gar. Cf. Gluttion, Englut.] 1. To swallow, or to swallow greedlly; to gorge. Though every drop of water swear against it, And gape at widest to glut him. Shak. 2. To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire or craving of; to satiate; to sate; to cloy. His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice, Torn from his breast, to glut the tyrant's eyes. Dryden. The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to glut the wonder, lust, and ferocity of a degraded populace. C. Kingsley. To glut the market, to furnish an oversupply of any article of trade, so that there is no sale for it. Glut Glut, v. i. To eat gluttonously or to satiety. Like three horses that have broken fence, And glutted all night long breast-deep in corn. Tennyson. Glut Glut, n. 1. That which is swallowed. Milton 2. Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply; hence, often, a supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over abundance; as, a glut of the market. <-- "of", not "on" the market! --> A glut of those talents which raise men to eminence. Macaulay. 3. Something that fills up an opening; a clog. 4. (a) A wooden wedge used in splitting blocks. [Prov. Eng.] (b) (Mining) A piece of wood used to fill up behind cribbing or tubbing. Raymond. (c) (Bricklaying) A bat, or small piece of brick, used to fill out a course. Knight. (d) (Arch.) An arched opening to the ashpit of a klin. (e) A block used for a fulcrum. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The broad-nosed eel (Anguilla latirostris), found in Europe, Asia, the West Indies, etc. Glutaconic Glu`ta*con"ic (?), a. [Glutaric + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, an acid intermediate between glutaric and aconitic acids. Glut\'91us Glu*t\'91"us (?), n. [NL. See Gluteal.] (Anat.) The great muscle of the buttock in man and most mammals, and the corresponding muscle in many lower animals. NOTE: &hand; In ma n, the glut\'91us is composed of three distinct parts, which extend and abduct the thigh, and help support the body in standing. Glutamic Glu*tam"ic (?), a. [Gluten + -amic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to gluten. Glutamic acid, a nitrogenous organic acid obtained from certain albuminoids, as gluten; -- called also amido-glutaric acid.<-- one of the natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins C5H9NO4. --> Glutaric Glu*tar"ic (?), a. [Glutamic + tartaric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid so called; as, glutaric ethers. Glutaric acid, an organic acid obtained as a white crystalline substance, isomeric with pyrotartaric acid; -- called also normal pyrotartaric acid.<-- one of the natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins --> Glutazine Glu"ta*zine (?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy, sandy powder, white or nearly so. It is a derivative of pyridine. Gluteal Glu"te*al (?), a. [G. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the glut\'91us. Gluten Glu"ten (?), n. [L., glue: cf. F. gluten. See Glue.] (Chem.) The viscid, tenacious substance which gives adhesiveness to dough. NOTE: &hand; Gl uten is a complex and variable mixture of glutin or gliadin, vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily material, etc., and ia a very nutritious element of food. It may be separated from the flour of grain by subjecting this to a current of water, the starch and other soluble matters being thus washed out. Gluten bread, bread containing a large proportion of gluten; -- used in cases of diabetes. -- Gluten casein (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the seeds of grasses, and extracted as a dark, amorphous, earthy mass. -- Gluten fibrin (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the cereal grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish yellow substance. Gluteus Glu*te"us (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Glut&ae;us. Glutin Glu"tin (?), n. [See Gluten.] (Chem.) 1. Same as Gliadin. 2. Sometimes synonymous with Gelatin. [R.] Glutinate Glu"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glutinating.] [L. glutinatus, p. p. of glutinare to glue, fr. gluten glue.] To unite with glue; to cement; to stick together. Bailey. Glutination Glu`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. glutinatio: cf. F. glutination.] The act of uniting with glue; sticking together. Glutinative Glu"ti*na*tive (?), a. [L. glutinativus: cf. F. glutinatif.] Having the quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous; glutinous. Glutinosity Glu`ti*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. glutinosit\'82 .] The quality of being glutinous; viscousness. [R.] Glutinous Glu"ti*nous (?), a. [L. glutinosus, fr. gluten glue: cf. F. glutineux. See Gluten.] 1. Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous; viscid; adhesive; gluey. 2. (Bot.) Havig a moist and adhesive or sticky surface, as a leaf or gland. Glutinousness Glu"ti*nous*ness (?), n. The quality of being glutinous. Glutton Glut"ton (?), n. [OE. glotoun, glotun, F. glouton, fr. L. gluto, glutto. See Glut.] 1. One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a gormandizer. 2. Fig.: One who gluts himself. Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy. Granville. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous mammal (Gulo luscus), of the family Mustelid\'91, about the size of a large badger. It was formerly believed to be inordinately voracious, whence the name; the wolverene. It is a native of the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. <-- in 1996, spelled Wolverine, and spn = Gulo gulo --> Glutton bird (Zo\'94l.), the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea); -- called also Mother Carey's goose, and mollymawk. <-- glutton for punishment = one persistent in an effort in spite of harmful results --> Glutton Glut"ton (?), a. Gluttonous; greedy; gormandizing. "Glutton souls." Dryden. A glutton monastery in former ages makes a hungry ministry in our days. Fuller. Glutton Glut"ton, v. t. & i. To glut; to eat voraciously. [Obs.] Gluttoned at last, return at home to pine. Lovelace. Whereon in Egypt gluttoning they fed. Drayton. Gluttonish Glut"ton*ish, a. Gluttonous; greedy. Sir P. Sidney. Gluttonize Glut"ton*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gluttonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gluttonizing (?).] To eat to excess; to eat voraciously; to gormandize. Hallywell. Gluttonous Glut"ton*ous (?), a. Given to gluttony; eating to excess; indulging the appetite; voracious; as, a gluttonous age. -- Glut"ton*ous*ly, adv. -- Glut"ton*ous*ness, n. Gluttony Glut"ton*y (?), n.; pl. Gluttonies (#). [OE. glotonie, OF. glotonie, gloutonnie.] Excess in eating; extravagant indulgence of the appetite for food; voracity. Their sumptuous gluttonies, and gorgeous feasts. Milton. Glycerate Glyc"er*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of glyceric acid. Glyceric Gly*cer"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycerin. Glyceric acid (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycerin, as a thick liquid. It is a hydroxyl derivative of propionic acid, and has both acid and alcoholic properties. Glyceride Glyc"er*ide (?), n. [See Glycerin.] (Chem.) A compound ether (formed from glycerin). Some glycerides exist ready formed as natural fats, others are produced artificially. Glycerin, Glycerine Glyc"er*in, Glyc"er*ine (, n. [F. glyc\'82rine, fr. Gr. glykero`s, glyky`s, sweet. Cf. Glucose, Licorice.] (Chem.) An oily, viscous liquid, C3H5(OH)3, colorless and odorless, and with a hot, sweetish taste, existing in the natural fats and oils as the base, combined with various acids, as oleic, margaric, stearic, and palmitic. It is a triatomic alcohol, and hence is also called glycerol. See Note under Gelatin. NOTE: &hand; It is obtained from fats by saponification, or, on a large scale, by the action of superheated steam. It is used as an ointment, as a solvent and vehicle for medicines, and as an adulterant in wine, beer, etc. Glycerite Glyc"er*ite (?), n. (Med.) A medicinal preparation made by mixing or dissolving a substance in glycerin. Glycerol Glyc"er*ol (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Glycerin. Clycerole Clyc"er*ole (?), n. [F. glyc\'82rol\'82.] (Med.) Same as Glycerite. Glyceryl Glyc"er*yl (?), n. [Glycerin + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, C3H5, regarded as the essential radical of glycerin. It is metameric with allyl. Called also propenyl. Glycide Glyc"ide (?), n. [Glyceric + anhydride.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, obtained from certain derivatives of glycerin, and regarded as a partially dehydrated glycerin; -- called also glycidic alcohol. Glycidic Gly*cid"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycide; as, glycidic acid. Glycin Gly"cin (?), n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Glycocoll. Glycocholate Gly`co*cho"late (?), n. [Glycocoll + cholic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A salt of glycocholic acid; as, sodium glycocholate. Glycocholic Gly`co*chol"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or composed of, glycocoll and cholic acid. Glycocholic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a conjugate acid, composed of glycocoll and cholic acid, present in bile in the form of a sodium salt. The acid commonly forms a resinous mass, but can be crystallized in long, white needles. Glycocin Gly"co*cin (?), n. [Glycocoll + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Glycocoll. Glycocoll Gly"co*coll (?), n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet + ko`lla glue.] (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, with a sweet taste, formed from hippuric acid by boiling with hydrochloric acid, and present in bile united with cholic acid. It is also formed from gelatin by decomposition with acids. Chemically, it is amido-acetic acid. Called also glycin, and glycocin. Glycogen Gly"co*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen: cf. F. glycog\'8ane.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch, soluble in water to an opalescent fluid. It is found abundantly in the liver of most animals, and in small quantity in other organs and tissues, particularly in the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when boiled with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the action of amylolytic ferments. <-- polysaccharide, used as a sugar storage substance in animals --> Glycogenic Gly`co*gen"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or caused by, glycogen; as, the glycogenic function of the liver. Glycogeny, Glycogenesis Gly*cog"e*ny (?), Gly`co*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Physiol.) The production or formation of sugar from gycogen, as in the liver. Glycol Gly"col (?), n. [Glycerin + -ol. See Glycerin.] (Chem.) (a) A thick, colorless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin. <-- usu. called ethylene glycol -->(b) Any one of the large class of diacid alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type.<-- diol --> Glycolic Gly*col"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; as, glycolic ether; glycolic acid. Glycolic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, found naturally in unripe grapes and in the leaves of the wild grape (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), and produced artificially in many ways, as by the oxidation of glycol, -- whence its name. It is a sirupy, or white crystalline, substance, HO.CH2.CO2H, has the properties both of an alcohol and an acid, and is a type of the hydroxy acids; -- called also hydroxyacetic acid. Glycolide Gly"co*lide (?), n. [Glycol + anhydride.] (Chem.) A white amorphous powder, C4H4O, obtained by heating and dehydrating glycolic acid. [Written also glycollide.] Glycoluric Gly`co*lu"ric (?), a. [Glycol + uric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, glycol and urea; as, glycoluric acid, which is called also hydantoic acid. Glycoluril Gly`co*lu"ril (?), n. [Glycolyl + uric.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, obtained by the reduction of allanto\'8bn. Glycolyl Gly"co*lyl (?), n. [Glycolic + -yl.] (Chem.) A divalent, compound radical, CO.CH2, regarded as the essential radical of glycolic acid, and a large series of related compounds. Glyconian Gly*co"ni*an (?), a. & n. Glyconic. Glyconic Gly*con"ic (?), a. [Gr. Glycon.] (Pros.) Consisting of a spondee, a choriamb, and a pyrrhic; -- applied to a kind of verse in Greek and Latin poetry. -- n. (Pros.) A glyconic verse. Glyconin Gly"co*nin (?), n. An emulsion of glycerin and the yolk of eggs, used as an ointment, as a vehicle for medicines, etc. Glycosine Gly"co*sine (?), n. (Chem.) An organic base, C6H6N4, produced artificially as a white, crystalline powder, by the action of ammonia on glyoxal. Glycosuria Gly`co*su"ri*a (?), n. (Med.) Same as Gluoosuria. Glycyrrhiza Glyc`yr*rhi"za (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Licorice.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of papilionaceous herbaceous plants, one species of which (G. glabra), is the licorice plant, the roots of which have a bittersweet mucilaginous taste. 2. (Med.) The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice root), used as a demulcent, etc. Glycyrrhizimic Glyc`yr*rhi*zim"ic (?), a. (Chem.) From, or pertaining to, glycyrrhizin; as, glycyrrhizimic acid. Glycyrrhizin Gly*cyr"rhi*zin (?), n. [Cf. F. glycyrrhizine. See Glycyrrhiza.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza), in monesia bark (Chrysophyllum), in the root of the walnut, etc., and extracted as a yellow, amorphous powder, of a bittersweet taste. Glyn, Glynne Glyn, Glynne (?), n. A glen. See Glen. NOTE: [Obs. si ngly, bu t oc curring of ten in lo cative na mes in Ireland, as Glen does in Scotland.] He could not beat out the Irish, yet he did shut them up within those narrow corners and glyns under the mountain's foot. Spenser. Glyoxal Gly*ox"al (?), n. [Glycol + oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A white, amorphous, deliquescent powder, (CO.H)2, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycol. It is a double aldehyde, between glycol and oxalic acid. Glyoxalic Gly`ox*al"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an aldehyde acid, intermediate between glycol and oxalic acid. [Written also glyoxylic.] Glyoxaline Gly*ox"a*line (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline, organic base, C3H4N2, produced by the action of ammonia on glyoxal, and forming the origin of a large class of derivatives hence, any one of the series of which glyoxaline is a type; -- called also oxaline. Glyoxime Gly*ox"ime (?), n. [Glyoxal + oxime.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, produced by the action of hydroxylamine on glyoxal, and belonging to the class of oximes; also, any one of a group of substances resembling glyoxime proper, and of which it is a type. See Oxime. Glyph Glyph (?), n. [Gr. glyphe. Cf. Cleave to split.] (Arch.) A sunken channel or groove, usually vertical. See Triglyph. Glyphic Glyph"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Fine Arts) Of or pertaining to sculpture or carving of any sort, esp. to glyphs. Glyphograph Glyph"o*graph (?), n. A plate made by glyphography, or an impression taken from such a plate. Glyphographic Glyph`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to glyphography. Glyphography Gly*phog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A process similar to etching, in which, by means of voltaic electricity, a raised copy of a drawing is made, so that it can be used to print from. Glyptic Glyp"tic (?), a. [See Glyph.] 1. Of or pertaining to gem engraving. 2. (Min.) Figured; marked as with figures. Glyptics Glyp"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. glyptique. See Glyph.] The art of engraving on precious stones. Glyptodon Glyp"to*don (?), n. [Gr. Glyph.] (Paleon.) An extinct South American quaternary mammal, allied to the armadillos. It was as large as an ox, was covered with tessellated scales, and had fluted teeth. Owen. _________________________________________________________________ Page 634 Glyptodont Glyp"to*dont (?), n. (Paleon.) One of a family (glyptodontid\'91) of extinct South American edentates, of which Glyptodon is the type. About twenty species are known. Glyptographic Glyp`to*graph"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. glyptographique.] Relating to glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious stones. [R.] Glyptography Glyp*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. glyptographie.] The art or process of engraving on precious stones. [R.] Glyptotheca Glyp`to*the"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A building or room devoted to works of sculpture. Glyster Glys"ter (?), n. (Med.) Same as Clyster. Gmelinite Gmel"in*ite (?), n. [Named after the German chemist Gmelin.] (Min.) A rhombohedral zeolitic mineral, related in form and composition to chabazite. Gnaphalium Gna*pha"li*um (?), n. [Nl., from Gr. (Bot.) A genus of composite plants with white or colored dry and persistent involucres; a kind of everlasting. Gnar Gnar (?), n. [OE. knarre, gnarre, akin to OD. knor, G. knorren. Cf. Knar, Knur, Gnarl.] A knot or gnarl in wood; hence, a tough, thickset man; -- written also gnarr. [Archaic] He was . . . a thick gnarre. Chaucer. Gnar Gnar (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarring.] [See Gnarl.] To gnarl; to snarl; to growl; -- written also gnarr. [Archaic] At them he gan to rear his bristles strong, And felly gnarre. Spenser. A thousand wants Gnarr at the heels of men. Tennison. Gnarl Gnarl (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarling.] [From older gnar, prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. knarren, knurren. D. knorren, Sw. knorra, Dan. knurre.] To growl; to snarl. And wolves are gnarling who shall gnaw thee first. Shak. Gnarl Gnarl, n. [See Gnar, n.] a knot in wood; a large or hard knot, or a protuberance with twisted grain, on a tree. Gnarled Gnarled (?), a. Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained. The unwedgeable and gnarl\'82d oak. Shak. Gnarly Gnarl"y (?), a. Full of knots; knotty; twisted; crossgrained. Gnash Gnash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnashed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnashing.] [OE. gnasten, gnaisten, cf. Icel. gnastan a gnashing, gn to gnash, Dan.knaske, Sw. gnissla, D. knarsen, G. knirschen.] To strike together, as in anger or pain; as, to gnash the teeth. Gnash Gnash, v. i. To grind or strike the teeth together. There they him laid, Gnashing for anguish, and despite, and shame. Milton. Gnashingly Gnash"ing*ly, adv. With gnashing. Gnat Gnat (?), n. [AS. gn\'91t.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of the genus Culex, undergoing a metamorphosis in water. The females have a proboscis armed with needlelike organs for penetrating the skin of animals. These are wanting in the males. In America they are generally called mosquitoes. See Mosquito. 2. Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits; esp., in America, a small biting fly of the genus Simulium and allies, as the buffalo gnat, the black fly, etc. Gnat catcher (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of small American singing birds, of the genus Polioptila, allied to the kinglets. -- Gnat flower, the bee flower. -- Gnat hawk (Zo\'94l.), the European goatsucker; -- called also gnat owl. -- Gnat snapper (Zo\'94l.), a bird that catches gnats. -- Gnat strainer, a person ostentatiously punctilious about trifles. Cf. Matt. xxiii. 24. Gnathic Gnath"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the jaw. Gnathic index, in a skull, the ratio of the distance from the middle of the nasofrontal suture to the basion (taken equal to 100), to the distance from the basion to the middle of the front edge of the upper jaw; -- called also alveolar index. Skulls with the gnathic index below 98 are orthognathous, from 98 to 103 mesognathous, and above 103 are prognathous. Flower. Gnathidium Gna*thid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Gnathidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The ramus of the lower jaw of a bird as far as it is naked; -- commonly used in the plural. Gnathite Gnath"ite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the mouth appendages of the Arthropoda. They are known as mandibles, maxill\'91, and maxillipeds. Gnathonic, Gnathonical Gna*thon"ic (?), Gna*thon"ic*al (?), a. [L. Gnatho, name of a parasite in the "Eunuchus" of Terence, Gr. Flattering; deceitful. [Obs.] Gnathopod Gnath"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) A gnathopodite or maxilliped. See Maxilliped. Gnathopodite Gna*thop"o*dite (?), n. (Zo\'94l,) Any leglike appendage of a crustacean, when modified wholly, or in part, to serve as a jaw, esp. one of the maxillipeds. Gnathastegite Gna*thas"te*gite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of broad plates, developed from the outer maxillipeds of crabs, and forming a cover for the other mouth organs. Gnathostoma Gna*thos"to*ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of vertebrates, including all that have distinct jaws, in contrast with the leptocardians and marsipobranchs (Cyclostoma), which lack them. [Written also Gnathostomata.] Gnathotheca Gnath`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Gnathothec\'92 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The horney covering of the lower mandible of a bird. Gnatling Gnat"ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small gnat. Gnatworm Gnat"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The aquatic larva of a gnat; -- called also, colloquially, wiggler. Gnaw Gnaw (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnawing.] [OE. gnawen, AS. gnagan; akin to D. knagen, OHG. gnagan, nagan, G. nagen, Icel. & Sw. gnaga, Dan. gnave, nage. Cf. Nag to tease.] 1. To bite, as something hard or tough, which is not readily separated or crushed; to bite off little by little, with effort; to wear or eat away by scraping or continuous biting with the teeth; to nibble at. His bones clean picked; his very bones they gnaw. Dryden. 2. To bite in agony or rage. They gnawed their tongues for pain. Rev. xvi. 10. 3. To corrode; to fret away; to waste. Gnaw Gnaw, v. i. To use the teeth in biting; to bite with repeated effort, as in eating or removing with the teethsomething hard, unwiedly, or unmanageable. I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon the chain that ties me. Sir P. Sidney. Gnawer Gnaw"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, gnaws. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A rodent. Gneiss Gneiss (?), n. [G.] (Geol.) A crystalline rock, consisting, like granite, of quartz, feldspar, and mica, but having these materials, especially the mica, arranged in planes, so that it breaks rather easily into coarse slabs or flags. Hornblende sometimes takes the place of the mica, and it is then called hornblendic OR syenitic gneiss. Similar varieties of related rocks are also called gneiss. Gneissic Gneis"sic (?), a. Relating to, or resembling, gneiss; consisting of gneiss. Gneissoid Gneis"soid (?), a. [Gneiss+ -old.] Resembling gneiss; having some of the characteristics of gneiss; -- applied to rocks of an intermediate character between granite and gneiss, or mica slate and gneiss. Gneissose Gneis"sose` (?), a. Having the structure of gneiss. Gnew Gnew (?), obs. imp. of Gnaw. Chaucer. Gnide Gnide (n&imac;d), v. t. [AS. gn&imac;dan.] To rub; to bruise; to break in pieces. [Obs.] NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is fo und in Ty rwhitt's Ch aucer, bu t improperly. The woed, though common in Old English, does not occur in Chaucer. T. R. Lounsbury. Gnof Gnof (?), n. Churl; curmudgeon. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gnome Gnome (?), n. [F. gnome, prob. fr. Gr. i. e., of the treasures in the inner parts of the earth, or fr. Know.] 1. An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries, etc. 2. A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen features, or of strange appearance. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A small owl (Glaucidium gnoma) of the Western United States. 4. [Gr. A brief reflection or maxim. Peacham. Gnomic, Gnomical Gnom"ic (?), Gnom"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. gnomique. See Gnome maxim.] Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or striking detached thoughts; aphoristic. A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and gnomic poetry. G. R. Lewes. Gnomic Poets, Greek poets, as Theognis and Solon, of the sixth century B. C., whose writings consist of short sententious precepts and reflections. Gnomical Gnom"ic*al, a. [See Gnomon.] Gnomonical. Boyle. Gnomically Gnom"ic*al*ly, adv. In a gnomic, didactic, or sententious manner. Gnomologic, Gnomological Gno`mo*log"ic (?), Gno`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a gnomology. Gnomology Gno*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. gnomologie.] A collection of, or a treatise on, maxims, grave sentences, or reflections. [Obs.] Milton. Gnomon Gno"mon (?), n. [L. gnomon, Gr. Gnome.] 1. (Dialing) The style or pin, which by its shadow, shows the hour of the day. It is usually set parallel to the earth's axis. 2. (Astron.) A style or column erected perpendicularly to the horizon, formerly used in astronomocal observations. Its principal use was to find the altitude of the sun by measuring the length of its shadow. 3. (Geom.) The space included between the boundary lines of two similar parallelograms, the one within the other, with an angle in common; as, the gnomon bcdefg of the parallelograms ac and af. The parallelogram bf is the complement of the parallelogram df. 4. The index of the hour circle of a globe. Gnomonic, Gnomonical Gno*mon"ic (?), Gno*mon"ic*al (?), a. [L. gnomonicus, Gr. gnomonique. See Gnomon.] Of or pertaining to the gnomon, or the art of dialing. Gnomonic projection, a projection of the circles of the sphere, in which the point of sight is taken at the center of the sphere, and the principal plane is tangent to the surface of the sphere. "The gnomonic projection derives its name from the connection between the methods of describing it and those for the construction of a gnomon or dial." Cyc. of Arts & Sciences. Gnomonically Gno*mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. According to the principles of the gnomonic projection. Gnomonics Gno*mon"ics (?), n. [See Gnomonic.] The art or science of dialing, or of constructing dials to show the hour of the day by the shadow of a gnomon. Gnomonist Gno"mon*ist (?), n. One skilled in gnomonics. Boyle. Gnomonology Gno`mon*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gnomon + -logy. Cf. Gnomonology.] A treatise on gnomonics. Gnoscopine Gnos"co*pine (?), n. [Gr. gignw`skein to know + E. opium?] (Chem.) An alkaloid existing in small quantities in opium. Gnosis Gno"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gnw^sis.] (Metaph.) The deeper wisdom; knowledge of spiritual truth, such as was claimed by the Gnostics. Gnostic Gnos"tic (?), a. 1. Knowing; wise; shrewd. [Old Slang] I said you were a gnostic fellow. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) Of or pertaining to Gnosticism or its adherents; as, the Gnostic heresy. Gnostic Gnos"tic, n. [L. gnosticus, Gr. gignw`skein to know: cf. F. gnostique. See Know.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of the so-called philosophers in the first ages of Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical interpretation of the Christian religion. Their system combined Oriental theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible, intellectual, and material, are derived from the Deity by successive emanations, which they called Eons. Gnosticism Gnos"ti*cism (?), n. The system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics. Gnow Gnow (?), obs. imp. of Gnaw. Gnawed. Chaucer. Gnu Gnu (?), n. [Hottentot gnu, or nju: cf. F. gnou.] (Zo\'94l.) One of two species of large South African antelopes of the genus Catoblephas, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes. [Written also gnoo.] NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon gn u or wi ldebeest (Catoblephas gnu) is plain brown; the brindled gnu or blue wildebeest (C. gorgon) is larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and shoulders. Go Go (?), obs. p. p. of Go. Gone. Chaucer. Go Go, v. i. [imp. Went (?); p. p. Gone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Going. Went comes from the AS, wendan. See Wend, v. i.] [OE. gan, gon, AS. g\'ben, akin to D. gaan, G. gehn, gehen, OHG. g, g\'ben, SW. g&adeg;, Dan. gaae; cf. Gr. h\'be to go, AS. gangan, and E. gang. The past tense in AS., eode, is from the root i to go, as is also Goth. iddja went. &root;47a. Cf. Gang, v. i., Wend.] 1. To pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be in a state not motionless or at rest; to proced; to advance; to make progress; -- used, in various applications, of the movement of both animate and inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the movements of the mind; also figuratively applied. 2. To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk; also, to walk step by step, or leisurely. NOTE: &hand; In ol d writers go is much used as opposed to run, or ride. "Whereso I go or ride." Chaucer. You know that love Will creep in service where it can not go. Shak. Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that going will scarce serve the turn. Shak. He fell from running to going, and from going to clambering upon his hands and his knees. Bunyan. NOTE: &hand; In Ch aucer go is used frequently with the pronoun in the objective used reflexively; as, he goeth him home. 3. To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to circulate; hence, with for, to have currency; to be taken, accepted, or regarded. The man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul. 1 Sa. xvii. 12. [The money] should go according to its true value. Locke. 4. To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare; to move on or be carried on; to have course; to come to an issue or result; to succeed; to turn out. How goes the night, boy ? Shak. I think, as the world goes, he was a good sort of man enough. Arbuthnot. Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you must pay me the reward. I Watts. 5. To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence, or product; to tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail; to apply; to contribute; -- often with the infinitive; as, this goes to show. Against right reason all your counsels go. Dryden. To master the foul flend there goeth some complement knowledge of theology. Sir W. Scott. 6. To apply one's self; to set one's self; to undertake. Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he went not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood. Sir P. Sidney. NOTE: &hand; Go , in th is se nse, is of ten us ed in the present participle with the auxiliary verb to be, before an infinitive, to express a future of intention, or to denote design; as, I was going to say; I am going to begin harvest. _________________________________________________________________ Page 635 7. To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in mind or by an act of the memory or imagination; -- generally with over or through. By going over all these particulars, you may receive some tolerable satisfaction about this great subject. South. 8. To be with young; to be pregnant; to gestate. The fruit she goes with, I pray for heartily, that it may find Good time, and live. Shak. 9. To move from the person speaking, or from the point whence the action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave; to depart; -- in opposition to stay and come. I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the Lord your God; . . . only ye shall not go very far away. Ex. viii. 28. 10. To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or ruined; to perish; to decline; to decease; to die. By Saint George, he's gone! That spear wound hath our master sped. Sir W. Scott. 11. To reach; to extend; to lead; as, a line goes across the street; his land goes to the river; this road goes to New York. His amorous expressions go no further than virtue may allow. Dryden. 12. To have recourse; to resort; as, to go to law. NOTE: &hand; Go is used, in combination with many prepositions and adverbs, to denote motion of the kind indicated by the preposition or adverb, in which, and not in the verb, lies the principal force of the expression; as, to go against to go into, to go out, to go aside, to go astray, etc. Go to, come; move; go away; -- a phrase of exclamation, serious or ironical. -- To go a-begging, not to be in demand; to be undesired. -- To go about. (a) To set about; to enter upon a scheme of action; to undertake. "They went about to slay him." Acts ix. 29. They never go about . . . to hide or palliate their vices. Swift. (b) (Naut.) To tack; to turn the head of a ship; to wear. -- To go abraod. (a) To go to a foreign country. (b) To go out of doors. (c) To become public; to be published or disclosed; to be current. Then went this saying abroad among the brethren. John xxi. 23. -- To go against. (a) To march against; to attack. (b) To be in opposition to; to be disagreeable to. -- To go ahead. (a) To go in advance. (b) To go on; to make progress; to proceed. -- To go and come. See To come and go, under Come. -- To go aside. (a) To withdraw; to retire. He . . . went aside privately into a desert place. Luke. ix. 10. (b) To go from what is right; to err. Num. v. 29.-- To go back on. (a) To retrace (one's path or footsteps). (b) To abandon; to turn against; to betray. [Slang, U. S.] -- To go below (Naut), to go below deck. -- To go between, to interpose or mediate between; to be a secret agent between parties; in a bad sense, to pander. -- To go beyond. See under Beyond. -- To go by, to pass away unnoticed; to omit. -- To go by the board (Naut.), to fall or be carried overboard; as, the mast went by the board. -- To go down. (a) To descend. (b) To go below the horizon; as, the sun has gone down. (c) To sink; to founder; -- said of ships, etc. (d) To be swallowed; -- used literally or figuratively. [Colloq.] Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it goes down whole with him for truth. L' Estrange. -- To go far. (a) To go to a distance. (b) To have much weight or influence. -- To go for. (a) To go in quest of. (b) To represent; to pass for. (c) To favor; to advocate. (d) To attack; to assault. [Low] (e) To sell for; to be parted with for (a price). -- To go for nothing, to be parted with for no compensation or result; to have no value, efficacy, or influence; to count for nothing. -- To go forth. (a) To depart from a place. (b) To be divulged or made generally known; to emanate. The law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. Micah iv. 2. -- To go hard with, to trouble, pain, or endanger. -- To go in, to engage in; to take part. [Colloq.] -- To go in and out, to do the business of life; to live; to have free access. John x. 9. -- To go in for. [Colloq.] (a) To go for; to favor or advocate (a candidate, a measure, etc.). (b) To seek to acquire or attain to (wealth, honor, preferment, etc.) (c) To complete for (a reward, election, etc.). (d) To make the object of one's labors, studies, etc. He was as ready to go in for statistics as for anything else. Dickens. -- To go in to OR unto. (a) To enter the presence of. Esther iv. 16.(b) To have sexual intercourse with. [Script.] -- To go into. (a) To speak of, investigate, or discuss (a question, subject, etc.). (b) To participate in (a war, a business, etc.). -- To go large. (Naut) See under Large. -- To go off. (a) To go away; to depart. The leaders . . . will not go off until they hear you. Shak. (b) To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness went off. (c) To die. Shak. (d) To explode or be discharged; -- said of gunpowder, of a gun, a mine, etc. (e) To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of. (f) To pass off; to take place; to be accomplished. The wedding went off much as such affairs do. Mrs. Caskell. -- To go on. (a) To proceed; to advance further; to continue; as, to go on reading. (b) To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat will not go on. -- To go all fours, to correspond exactly, point for point. It is not easy to make a simile go on all fours. Macaulay. -- To go out. (a) To issue forth from a place. (b) To go abroad; to make an excursion or expedition. There are other men fitter to go out than I. Shak. What went ye out for to see ? Matt. xi. 7, 8, 9. (c) To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad, as news, fame etc. (d) To expire; to die; to cease; to come to an end; as, the light has gone out. Life itself goes out at thy displeasure. Addison. -- To go over. (a) To traverse; to cross, as a river, boundary, etc.; to change sides. I must not go over Jordan. Deut. iv. 22. Let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan. Deut. iii. 25. Ishmael . . . departed to go over to the Ammonites. Jer. xli. 10. (b) To read, or study; to examine; to review; as, to go over one's accounts. If we go over the laws of Christianity, we shall find that . . . they enjoin the same thing. Tillotson. (c) To transcend; to surpass. (d) To be postponed; as, the bill went over for the session. (e) (Chem.) To be converted (into a specified substance or material); as, monoclinic sulphur goes over into orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose goes over into dextrose and levulose. -- To go through. (a) To accomplish; as, to go through a work. (b) To suffer; to endure to the end; as, to go through a surgical operation or a tedious illness. (c) To spend completely; to exhaust, as a fortune. (d) To strip or despoil (one) of his property. [Slang] (e) To botch or bungle a business. [Scot.] -- To go through with, to perform, as a calculation, to the end; to complete. -- To go to ground. (a) To escape into a hole; -- said of a hunted fox. (b) To fall in battle. -- To go to naught (Colloq.), to prove abortive, or unavailling. -- To go under. (a) To set; -- said of the sun. (b) To be known or recognized by (a name, title, etc.). (c) To be overwhelmed, submerged, or defeated; to perish; to succumb. -- To go up, to come to nothing; to prove abortive; to fail. [Slang] -- To go upon, to act upon, as a foundation or hypothesis. -- To go with. (a) To accompany. (b) To coincide or agree with. (c) To suit; to harmonize with. -- To go (well, ill, OR hard) with, to affect (one) in such manner. -- To go without, to be, or to remain, destitute of. -- To go wrong. (a) To take a wrong road or direction; to wander or stray. (b) To depart from virtue. (c) To happen unfortunately. (d) To miss success. -- To let go, to allow to depart; to quit one's hold; to release. Go Go (?), v. t. 1. To take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or become responsible for; to bear a part in. They to go equal shares in the booty. L'Estrange. 2. To bet or wager; as, I'll go you a shilling. [Colloq.] To go halves, to share with another equally. -- >To go it, to behave in a wild manner; to be uproarious; to carry on; also, to proceed; to make progress. [Colloq.] -- To go it alone (Card Playing), to play a hand without the assistance of one's partner.<-- to do anything without the assistance of one's former associates --> -- To go it blind. (a) To act in a rash, reckless, or headlong manner. [Slang] (b) (Card Playing) To bet without having examined the cards.<-- = to bet in the blind --> -- To go one's way, to set forth; to depart. Go Go, n. 1. Act; working; operation. [Obs.] So gracious were the goes of marriage. Marston. 2. A circumstance or occurrence; an incident. [Slang] This is a pretty go. Dickens. 3. The fashion or mode; as, quite the go. [Colloq.] 4. Noisy merriment; as, a high go. [Colloq.] 5. A glass of spirits. [Slang] 6. Power of going or doing; energy; vitality; perseverance; push; as, there is no go in him. [Colloq.] 7. (Cribbage) That condition in the course of the game when a player can not lay down a card which will not carry the aggregate count above thirty-one. Great go, Little go, the final and the preliminary examinations for a degree. [Slang, Eng. Univ.] -- No go, a failure; a fiasco. [Slang] Thackeray. -- On the go, moving about; unsettled. [Colloq.] Goa Go"a (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of antelope (Procapra picticauda), inhabiting Thibet. Goad Goad (?), n. [AS. g\'bed; perh. akin to AS. g\'ber a dart, and E. gore. See Gore, v. t.] A pointed instrument used to urge on a beast; hence, any necessity that urges or stimulates. The daily goad urging him to the daily toil. Macaulay. Goad Goad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Goading.] To prick; to drive with a goad; hence, to urge forward, or to rouse by anything pungent, severe, irritating, or inflaming; to stimulate. That temptation that doth goad us on. Shak. Syn. -- To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate; incite; instigate. Goaf Goaf (?); n.; pl. Goafs (#) or Goaves (#). [Cf. lst Gob.] (Mining) That part of a mine from which the mineral has been partially or wholly removed; the waste left in old workings; -- called also gob . To work the goaf OR gob, to remove the pillars of mineral matter previously left to support the roof, and replace them with props. Ure. Goal Goal (?), n. [F. gaule pole, Prov. F. waule, of German origin; cf. Fries. walu staff, stick, rod, Goth. walus, Icel. v\'94lr a round stick; prob. akin to E. wale.] 1. The mark set to bound a race, and to or around which the constestants run, or from which they start to return to it again; the place at which a race or a journey is to end. Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the goal With rapid wheels. Milton. 2. The final purpose or aim; the end to which a design tends, or which a person aims to reach or attain. Each individual seeks a several goal. Pope. 3. A base, station, or bound used in various games; in football, a line between two posts across which the ball must pass in order to score; also, the act of kicking the ball over the line between the goal posts. Goal keeper, the player charged with the defense of the goal. Goa powder Go"a pow"der (?). [So called from Goa, on the Malabar coast, whither it was shipped from Portugal.] A bitter powder (also called araroba) found in the interspaces of the wood of a Brazilian tree (Andira araroba) and used as a medicine. It is the material from which chrysarobin is obtained. Goar Goar (?), n. Same as lst Gore. Goarish Goar"ish, a. Patched; mean. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Goat Goat (?), n. [OE goot, got, gat, AS. g\'bet; akin to D. geit, OHG. geiz, G. geiss, Icel. geit, Sw. get, Dan. ged, Goth. gaits, L. haedus a young goat, kid.] (Zo\'94l.) A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus Capra, of several species and varieties, esp. the domestic goat (C. hircus), which is raised for its milk, flesh, and skin. NOTE: &hand; Th e Ca shmere an d An gora varieties of the goat have long, silky hair, used in the manufacture of textile fabrics. The wild or bezoar goat (Capra \'91gagrus), of Asia Minor, noted for the bezoar stones found in its stomach, is supposed to be one of the ancestral species ofthe domestic goat. The Rocky Montain goat (Haplocercus montanus) is more nearly related to the antelopes. See Mazame. Goat antelope (Zo\'94l), one of several species of antelopes, which in some respects resemble a goat, having recurved horns, a stout body, large hoofs, and a short, flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and chikara. -- Goat fig (Bot.), the wild fig. -- Goat house. (a) A place for keeping goats. (b) A brothel. [Obs.] -- Goat moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth of the genus Cossus, esp. the large European species (C. ligniperda), the larva of which burrows in oak and willow trees, and requires three years to mature. It exhales an odor like that of the he-goat. -- Goat weed (Bot.), a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus Capraria (C. biflora). -- Goat's bane (Bot.), a poisonous plant (Aconitum Lucoctonum), bearing pale yellow flowers, introduced from Switzerland into England; wolfsbane. -- Goat's beard (Bot.), a plant of the genus Tragopogon; -- so named from the long silky beard of the seeds. One species is the salsify or oyster plant. -- Goat's foot (Bot.), a kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis caprina) growing at the Cape of Good Hope. -- Goat's rue (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Galega officinalis of Europe, or Tephrosia Virginiana in the United States). -- Goat's thorn (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant (Astragalus Tragacanthus), found in the Levant. -- Goat's wheat (Bot.), the genus Tragopyrum (now referred to Atraphaxis). Goatee Goat`ee" (?), n. A part of a man's beard on the chin or lower lip which is allowed to grow, and trimmed so as to resemble the beard of a goat. Goatfish Goat"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus Upeneus, inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico. It is allied to the surmullet. Goatherd Goat"herd` (?), n. One who tends goats. Spenser. Goatish Goat"ish, a. Characteristic of a goat; goatlike. Give your chaste body up to the embraces Of goatish lust. Massinger. -- Goat"ish*ly, adv. -- Goat"ish*ness, n. Goatlike Goat"like` (?), a. Like a goat; goatish. Goatskin Goat"skin` (?), n. The skin of a goat, or leather made from it. -- a. Made of the skin of a goat. Goatsucker Goat"suck`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of insectivorous birds, belonging to Caprimulgus and allied genera, esp. the European species (Caprimulgus Europ\'91us); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it sucks goats. The European species is also goat-milker, goat owl, goat chaffer, fern owl, night hawk, nightjar, night churr, churr-owl, gnat hawk, and dorhawk . Goaves Goaves (?), n. pl. [See Goaf, n.] (Mining) Old workings. See Goaf. Raymond. Gob Gob (?), n. [Cf. Goaf.] (Mining) Same as Goaf. Gob Gob, n. [OF. gob morsel; cf. F. gobe, gobbe, a poisoned morsel, poison ball, gobet a piece swallowed, gober to swallow greedily and without tasting; cf. Gael. & Ir. gob mouth, snout, W. gwp a bird's head and neck. Cf. Gobble, Job, n.] 1. A little mass or collection; a small quantity; a mouthful. [Low] L'Estrange. 2. The mouth. [Prov. Eng.or Low] Wright. Gobbet Gob"bet (?), n. [OE. & F. gobet. See 2d Gob.] A mouthful; a lump; a small piece. Spenser. [He] had broken the stocks to small gobbets. Wyclif. Gobbet Gob"bet, v. t. To swallow greedily; to swallow in gobbets. [Low] L'Estrange. Gobbetly Gob"bet*ly, adv. In pieces. [Obs.] Huloet. Gobbing Gob"bing (?), n. [See lst Gob.] (Mining) (a) The refuse thrown back into the excavation after removing the coal. It is called also gob stuff. Brande & C. (b) The process of packing with waste rock; stowing. Gobble Gob"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gobbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gobbling (?).] [Freq. of 2d gob.] 1. To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to gulp. Supper gobbled up in haste. Swift. 2. To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock. He . . . gobbles out a note of self-approbation. Goldsmith. To gobble up, to capture in a mass or in masses; to capture suddenly. [Slang] Gobble Gob"ble, v. i. 1. To eat greedily. 2. To make a noise like that of a turkey cock. Prior. Gobble Gob"ble, n. A noise made in the throat. Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant gobble. Mrs. Gore. Gobbler Gob"bler (?), n. A turkey cock; a bubbling Jock. Gobelin Gob"e*lin (?), a. Pertaining to tapestry produced in the so-called Gobelin works, which have been maintained by the French Government since 1667. Gobemouche Gobe`mouche" (?), n. [F.] Literally, a fly swallower; hence, once who keeps his mouth open; a boor; a silly and credulous person. Gobet Gob"et (?), n. See Gobbet. [Obs.] Chaucer. Go-between Go"-be*tween` (?), n. An intermediate agent; a broker; a procurer; -- usually in a disparaging sense. Shak. Gobioid Go"bi*oid (?), a. [NL. Gobius + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the goby, or the genus Gobius. -- n. A gobioid fish. Goblet Gob"let (?), n. [F. gobelet, LL. gobeletus, gobellus; cf. L. cupa tub, cask. See Cupel.] A kind of cup or drinking vessel having a foot or standard, but without a handle. We love not loaded boards and goblets crowned. Denham. Goblin Gob"lin (?), n. [OE. gobelin, F. gobelin, LL. gobelinus, fr. Gr. kobold, E. kobold, cobalt, Armor. gobilin an ignis fatuus, goblin.] An evil or mischievous spirit; a playful or malicious elf; a frightful phantom; a gnome. To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied. Milton. _________________________________________________________________ Page 636 Gobline Gob"line` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the ropes or chains serving as stays for the dolphin striker or the bowsprit; -- called also gobrope and gaubline. Goblinize Gob"lin*ize (?), v. t. To transform into a goblin. [R.] Lowell. Goby Go"by (?), n.; pl. Gobies (#). [F. gobie, L. gobius, gobio, Gr. Gudgeon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small marine fishes of the genus Gobius and allied genera. Go-by Go"-by` (?), n. A passing without notice; intentional neglect; thrusting away; a shifting off; adieu; as, to give a proposal the go-by. Some songs to which we have given the go-by. Prof. Wilson. Gocart Go"cart` (?), n. A framework moving on casters, designed to support children while learning to walk. God God (?), a. & n. Good. [Obs.] Chaucer. God God (?), n. [AS. god; akin to OS. & D. god, OHG. got, G. gott, Icel. gu, go, Sw. & Dan. gud, Goth. gup, prob. orig. a p. p. from a root appearing in Skr. h, p. p. h, to call upon, invoke, implore. Goodbye, Gospel, Gossip.] 1. A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of worship; an idol. He maketh a god, and worshipeth it. Is. xliv. 15. The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down To bestial gods. Milton. 2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah. God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. John iv. 24. 3. A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good; an object of supreme regard. Whose god is their belly. Phil. iii. 19. 4. Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic power. [R.] Shak. Act of God. (Law) See under Act. -- Gallery gods, the occupants of the highest and cheapest gallery of a theater. [Colloq.] -- God's acre, God's field, a burial place; a churchyard. See under Acre. -- God's house. (a) An almshouse. [Obs.] (b) A church. -- God's penny, earnest penny. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- God's Sunday, Easter. God God, v. t. To treat as a god; to idolize. [Obs.] Shak. Godchild God"child` (?), n. One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and whom he promises to see educated as a Christian; a godson or goddaughter. See Godfather. Goddaughter God"daugh`ter (?), n. [AS. goddohtor.] A female for whom one becomes sponsor at baptism. Goddess God"dess (?), n. 1. A female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female sex. When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd of goddesses, she was distinguished by her graceful stature and superior beauty. Addison. 2. A woman of superior charms or excellence. Gode Gode (?), a. & n. Good. [Obs.] Chaucer. Godelich Gode"lich (?), a. Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer. Godfather God"fa`ther (?), n. [AS. godf\'91der. Cf. Gossip.] A man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a surety for its Christian training and instruction. There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they can be had, two Godfathers and one Godmother; and for every Female, one Godfather and two Godmothers; and Parents shall be admitted as Sponsors, if it is desired. Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc. Ch., U. S. ). Godfather God"fa`ther, v. t. To act as godfather to; to take under one's fostering care. [R.] Burke. God-fearing God"-fear`ing (?), a. Having a reverential and loving feeling towards God; religious. A brave good-fearing man. Tennyson. Godhead God"head (?), n. [OE. godhed. See -head, and cf. Godhood.] 1. Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; godhood. 2. The Deity; God; the Supreme Being. The imperial throne Of Godhead, fixed for ever. Milton. 3. A god or goddess; a divinity. [Obs.] Adoring first the genius of the place, The nymphs and native godheads yet unknown. Dryden. Godhood God"hood (?), n. [God + -hood. Cf. Godhead.] Divine nature or essence; deity; godhead. Godild God"ild (?). A corruption of God yield, i. e., God reward or bless. Shak. Godless God"less, a. Having, or acknowledging, no God; without reverence for God; impious; wicked. -- God"less*ly, adv. -- God"less*ness, n. Godlike God"like` (?), a. [God + like. Cf. Godly.] Resembling or befitting a god or God; divine; hence, preeminently good; as, godlike virtue. -- God"like`ness, n. Godlily God"li*ly (?), adv. Righteously. H. Wharton. Godliness God"li*ness, n. [From Godly.] Careful observance of, or conformity to, the laws of God; the state or quality of being godly; piety. Godliness is profitable unto all things. 1 Tim. iv. 8. Godling God"ling (?), n. A diminutive god. Dryden. Godly God"ly, a. [God, n. + -ly. Cf. Godlike, Like.] Pious; reverencing God, and his character and laws; obedient to the commands of God from love for, and reverence of, his character; conformed to God's law; devout; righteous; as, a godly life. For godly sorrow worketh repentance. 2 Cor. vii. 10. Godly God"ly (?), adv. Piously; devoutly; righteously. All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution. 2. Tim. iii. 12. Godlyhead God"ly*head (?), n. [Cf. Goodlyhead.] Goodness. [Obs.] Spenser. Godmother God"moth`er (?), n. [AS. godm.] A woman who becomes sponsor for a child in baptism. See Godfather Godown Go*down" (?), n. [Corruption of Malay g\'bedong warehouse.] A warehouse. [East Indies] Godroon Go*droon" (?), n. [F. godron a round plait, godroon.] (Arch.) An ornament produced by notching or carving a rounded molding. Godsend God"send` (?), n. Something sent by God; an unexpected acquisiton or piece of good fortune. Godship God"ship, n. [God, n. + -ship.] The rank or character of a god; deity; divinity; a god or goddess. O'er hills and dales their godships came. Prior. Godsib God"sib (?), n. A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer. Godson God"son` (?), n. [AS. godsunu.] A male for whom one has stood sponsor in baptism. See Godfather. Godspeed God"speed` (?), n. Success; prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of the phrase, "God speed you." [Written also as two separate words.] Receive him not into house, neither bid him God speed. 2 John 10. Godward God"ward (?), adv. Toward God. 2 Cor. iii. 4. Godwit God"wit (?), n. [Prob. from AS. g good + wiht creature, wight.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of long-billed, wading birds of the genus Limosa, and family Tringid\'91. The European black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), the American marbled godwit (L. fedoa), the Hudsonian godwit (L. h\'91mastica), and others, are valued as game birds. Called also godwin. Goel Go"el (g&omac;"&ecr;l), a. [Cf. Yellow. &root;49.] Yellow. [Obs.] Tusser. Go\'89land Go`\'89`land" (?), n. [F. go\'89land.] (Zo\'94l.) A white tropical tern (Cygis candida). Go\'89min Go`\'89`min" (?), n. [F. go\'89mon seaweed.] A complex mixture of several substances extracted from Irish moss. Goen Go"en (?), p. p. of Go. [Obs.] Goer Go"er (?), n. [From Go.] One who, or that which, goes; a runner or walker; as: (a) A foot. [Obs.] Chapman. (b) A horse, considered in reference to his gait; as, a good goer; a safe goer. This antechamber has been filled with comers and goers. Macaulay. Goety Go"e*ty (?), n. [Gr. go\'82tie.] Invocation of evil spirits; witchcraft. [Obs.] Hallywell. Goff Goff (?), n. [Cf. F. goffe ill-made, awkward, It. goffo, Sp. gofo, Prov. G. goff a blockhead, Gr. A silly clown. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Goff Goff, n. A game. See Golf. [Scot.] Halliwell. Goffer Gof"fer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goffered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goffering.] [See Gauffer.] To plait, flute, or crimp. See Gauffer. Clarke. Gog Gog (?), n. [Cf. agog, F. gogue sprightliness, also W. gogi to agitate, shake.] Haste; ardent desire to go. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Goggle Gog"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Goggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goggling (?).] [Cf. Ir. & Gael. gog a nod, slight motion.] To roll the eyes; to stare. And wink and goggle like an owl. Hudibras. Goggle Gog"gle, a. Full and rolling, or staring; -- said of the eyes. The long, sallow vissage, the goggle eyes. Sir W. Scott. Goggle Gog"gle, n. [See Goggle, v. i.] 1. A strained or affected rolling of the eye. 2. pl. (a) A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in the front end of which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes from cold, dust, etc. (b) Colored glasses for relief from intense light. (c) A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight forward, and cure squinting. (d) Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or without a slit for seeing through. Goggled Gog"gled (?), a. Prominent; staring, as the eye. Goggle-eye Gog"gle-eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of two or more species of American fresh-water fishes of the family Centrarchid\'91, esp. Ch\'91nobryttus antistius, of Lake Michigan and adjacent waters, and Ambloplites rupestris, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley; -- so called from their prominent eyes. (b) The goggler. Goggle-eyed Gog"gle-eyed` (?), a. Having prominent and distorted or rolling eyes. Ascham. Goggler Gog"gler (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A carangoid oceanic fish (Trachurops crumenophthalmus), having very large and prominent eyes; -- called also goggle-eye, big-eyed scad, and cicharra. Goglet Gog"let (?), n. [Pg. gorgoleta.] See Gurglet. Going Go"ing (?), n. 1. The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the going is bad. 2. Departure. Milton. 3. Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing. Crew. 4. pl. Course of life; behavior; doings; ways. His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his goings. Job xxxiv. 21. Going barrel. (Horology) (a) A barrel containing the mainspring, and having teeth on its periphery to drive the train. (b) A device for maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is being wound up. -- Going forth. (Script.) (a) Outlet; way of exit. "Every going forth of the sanctuary." Ezek. xliv. 5. (b) A limit; a border. "The going forth thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea." Num. xxxiv. 4. -- Going out, OR Goings out. (Script.) (a) The utmost extremity or limit. "The border shall go down to Jordan, and the goings out of it shall be at the salt sea." Num. xxxiv. 12. (b) Departure or journeying. "And Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys." Num. xxxiii. 2. -- Goings on, behavior; actions; conduct; -- usually in a bad sense. Goiter Goitre Goi"ter Goi"tre (?), n. [F. go\'8ctre, L. guttur throat, cf. tumidum guttur goiter, gutturosus goitered. See Guttural.] (Med.) An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of the neck; bronchocele. It is frequently associated with cretinism, and is most common in mountainous regions, especially in certain parts of Switzerland. Goitered, Goitred Goi"tered, Goi"tred (?), a. Affected with goiter. Goitrous Goi"trous (?), a. [F. go\'8ctreux, L. gutturosus. See Goiter.] Pertaining to the goiter; affected with the goiter; of the nature of goiter or bronchocele. Let me not be understood as insinuating that the inhabitants in general are either goitrous or idiots. W. Coxe. Gold, Golde, Goolde Gold (?), Golde, Goolde (?), n. (Bot.) An old English name of some yellow flower, -- the marigold (Calendula), according to Dr. Prior, but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole. Gold Gold (?), n. [AS. gold; akin to D. goud, OS. & G. gold, Icel. gull, Sw. & Dan. guld, Goth. gulp, Russ. & OSlav. zlato; prob. akin to E. yellow. Yellow, and cf. Gild, v. t.] 1. (Chem.) A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances known (specific gravity 19.32), is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore well suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au (Aurum). Atomic weight 196.7. NOTE: &hand; Na tive gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of silver, but often much more. As the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific gravity lower. Gold is very widely disseminated, as in the sands of many rivers, but in very small quantity. It usually occurs in quartz veins (gold quartz), in slate and metamorphic rocks, or in sand and alluvial soil, resulting from the disintegration of such rocks. It also occurs associated with other metallic substances, as in auriferous pyrites, and is combined with tellurium in the minerals petzite, calaverite, sylvanite, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use, and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the latter giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See Carat.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the pigment purple of Cassius, and in the chloride, which is used as a toning agent in photography. 2. Money; riches; wealth. For me, the gold of France did not seduce. Shak. 3. A yellow color, like that of the metal; as, a flower tipped with gold. 4. Figuratively, something precious or pure; as, hearts of gold. Shak. Age of gold. See Golden age, under Golden. -- Dutch gold, Fool's gold, Gold dust, etc. See under Dutch, Dust, etc. -- Gold amalgam, a mineral, found in Columbia and California, composed of gold and mercury. -- Gold beater, one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold leaf. -- Gold beater's skin, the prepared outside membrane of the large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves of metal during the process of gold-beating. -- Gold beetle (Zo\'94l.), any small gold-colored beetle of the family Chrysomelid\'91; -- called also golden beetle. -- Gold blocking, printing with gold leaf, as upon a book cover, by means of an engraved block. Knight. -- Gold cloth. See Cloth of gold, under Cloth. -- Gold Coast, a part of the coast of Guinea, in West Africa. -- Gold cradle. (Mining) See Cradle, n., 7. -- Gold diggings, the places, or region, where gold is found by digging in sand and gravel from which it is separated by washing. -- Gold end, a fragment of broken gold or jewelry. -- Gold-end man. (a) A buyer of old gold or jewelry. (b) A goldsmith's apprentice. (c) An itinerant jeweler. "I know him not: he looks like a gold-end man." B. Jonson. -- Gold fever, a popular mania for gold hunting. -- Gold field, a region in which are deposits of gold. -- Gold finder. (a) One who finds gold. (b) One who empties privies. [Obs. & Low] Swift. -- Gold flower, a composite plant with dry and persistent yellow radiating involucral scales, the Helichrysum St\'d2chas of Southern Europe. There are many South African species of the same genus. -- Gold foil, thin sheets of gold, as used by dentists and others. See Gold leaf. -- Gold knobs OR knoppes (Bot.), buttercups. -- Gold lace, a kind of lace, made of gold thread. -- Gold latten, a thin plate of gold or gilded metal. -- Gold leaf, gold beaten into a film of extreme thinness, and used for gilding, etc. It is much thinner than gold foil. -- Gold lode (Mining), a gold vein. -- Gold mine, a place where gold is obtained by mining operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is extracted by washing. Cf. Gold diggings (above). -- Gold nugget, a lump of gold as found in gold mining or digging; -- called also a pepito. -- Gold paint. See Gold shell. -- Gold OR Golden, pheasant. (Zo\'94l.) See under Pheasant. -- Gold plate, a general name for vessels, dishes, cups, spoons, etc., made of gold.<-- now usu. referring to objects made of a base metal with a layer of gold on the surface. --> -- Gold of pleasure. [Name perhaps translated from Sp. oro-de-alegria.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Camelina, bearing yellow flowers. C. sativa is sometimes cultivated for the oil of its seeds. -- Gold shell. (a) A composition of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground up with gum water and spread on shells, for artists' use; -- called also gold paint. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A bivalve shell (Anomia glabra) of the Atlantic coast; -- called also jingle shell and silver shell. See Anomia. -- Gold size, a composition used in applying gold leaf. -- Gold solder, a kind of solder, often containing twelve parts of gold, two of silver, and four of copper. -- Gold stick, the colonel of a regiment of English lifeguards, who attends his sovereign on state occasions; -- so called from the gilt rod presented to him by the sovereign when he receives his commission as colonel of the regiment. [Eng.] -- Gold thread. (a) A thread formed by twisting flatted gold over a thread of silk, with a wheel and iron bobbins; spun gold. Ure. (b) (Bot.) A small evergreen plant (Coptis trifolia), so called from its fibrous yellow roots. It is common in marshy places in the United States. -- Gold tissue, a tissue fabric interwoven with gold thread. -- Gold tooling, the fixing of gold leaf by a hot tool upon book covers, or the ornamental impression so made. -- Gold washings, places where gold found in gravel is separated from lighter material by washing. -- Gold worm, a glowworm. [Obs.] -- Jeweler's gold, an alloy containing three parts of gold to one of copper.<-- 18K gold --> -- Mosaic gold. See under Mosaic. _________________________________________________________________ Page 637 Gold-beaten Gold"-beat`en (?), a. Gilded. [Obs.] Gold-beating Gold"-beat`ing (?), n. The art or process of reducing gold to extremely thin leaves, by beating with a hammer. Ure. Gold-bound Gold"-bound` (?), a. Encompassed with gold. Goldcrest Gold"crest` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European golden-crested kinglet (Regulus cristatus, or R. regulus); -- called also golden-crested wren, and golden wren. The name is also sometimes applied to the American golden-crested kinglet. See Kinglet. Goldcup Gold"cup` (?), n. (Bot.) The cuckoobud. Golden Gold"en (?), a. [OE. golden; cf. OE. gulden, AS. gylden, from gold. See Gold, and cf. Guilder.] 1. Made of gold; consisting of gold. 2. Having the color of gold; as, the golden grain. 3. Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently auspicious; as, golden opinions. Golden age. (a) The fabulous age of primeval simplicity and purity of manners in rural employments, followed by the silver, bronze, and iron ages. Dryden. (b) (Roman Literature) The best part (B. C. 81 -- A. D. 14) of the classical period of Latinity; the time when Cicero, C\'91sar, Virgil, etc., wrote. Hence: (c) That period in the history of a literature, etc., when it flourishes in its greatest purity or attains its greatest glory; as, the Elizabethan age has been considered the golden age of English literature. -- Golden balls, three gilt balls used as a sign of a pawnbroker's office or shop; -- originally taken from the coat of arms of Lombardy, the first money lenders in London having been Lombards. -- Golden bull. See under Bull, an edict. -- Golden chain (Bot.), the shrub Cytisus Laburnum, so named from its long clusters of yellow blossoms. -- Golden club (Bot.), an aquatic plant (Orontium aquaticum), bearing a thick spike of minute yellow flowers. -- Golden cup (Bot.), the buttercup. -- Golden eagle (Zo\'94l.), a large and powerful eagle (Aquila Chrysa\'89tos) inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. It is so called from the brownish yellow tips of the feathers on the head and neck. A dark variety is called the royal eagle; the young in the second year is the ring-tailed eagle. -- Golden fleece. (a) (Mythol.) The fleece of gold fabled to have been taken from the ram that bore Phryxus through the air to Colchis, and in quest of which Jason undertook the Argonautic expedition. (b) (Her.) An order of knighthood instituted in 1429 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy; -- called also Toison d'Or. -- Golden grease, a bribe; a fee. [Slang] -- Golden hair (Bot.), a South African shrubby composite plant with golden yellow flowers, the Chrysocoma Coma-aurea. -- Golden Horde (Hist.), a tribe of Mongolian Tartars who overran and settled in Southern Russia early in the 18th century. -- Golden Legend, a hagiology (the "Aurea Legenda") written by James de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, in the 13th century, translated and printed by Caxton in 1483, and partially paraphrased by Longfellow in a poem thus entitled. -- Golden marcasite tin. [Obs.] -- Golden mean, the way of wisdom and safety between extremes; sufficiency without excess; moderation. Angels guard him in the golden mean. Pope. -- Golden mole (Zo\'94l), one of several South African Insectivora of the family Chrysochlorid\'91, resembling moles in form and habits. The fur is tinted with green, purple, and gold. -- Golden number (Chronol.), a number showing the year of the lunar or Metonic cycle. It is reckoned from 1 to 19, and is so called from having formerly been written in the calendar in gold. -- Golden oriole. (Zo\'94l.) See Oriole. -- Golden pheasant. See under Pheasant. -- Golden pippin, a kind of apple, of a bright yellow color. -- Golden plover (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of plovers, of the genus Charadrius, esp. the European (C. apricarius, or pluvialis; -- called also yellow, black-breasted hill, AND whistling, plover. The common American species (C. dominicus) is also called frostbird, and bullhead. -- Golden robin. (Zo\'94l.) See Baltimore oriole, in Vocab. -- Golden rose (R. C. Ch.), a gold or gilded rose blessed by the pope on the fourth Sunday in Lent, and sent to some church or person in recognition of special services rendered to the Holy See. -- Golden rule. (a) The rule of doing as we would have others do to us. Cf. Luke vi. 31. (b) The rule of proportion, or rule of three. -- Golden samphire (Bot.), a composite plant (Inula crithmoides), found on the seashore of Europe. -- Golden saxifrage (Bot.), a low herb with yellow flowers (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium), blossoming in wet places in early spring. -- Golden seal (Bot.), a perennial ranunculaceous herb (Hydrastis Canadensis), with a thick knotted rootstock and large rounded leaves. -- Golden sulphide, OR sulphuret, of antimony (Chem.), the pentasulphide of antimony, a golden or orange yellow powder. -- Golden warbler (Zo\'94l.), a common American wood warbler (Dendroica \'91stiva); -- called also blue-eyed yellow warbler, garden warbler, and summer yellow bird. -- Golden wasp (Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored hymenopterous insect, of the family Chrysidid\'91. The colors are golden, blue, and green. -- Golden wedding. See under Wedding. Golden-eye Gold"en-eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A duck (Glaucionetta clangula), found in Northern Europe, Asia, and America. The American variety (var. Americana) is larger. Called whistler, garrot, gowdy, pied widgeon, whiteside, curre, and doucker. Barrow's golden-eye of America (G. Islandica) is less common. Goden ly God"en *ly, adv. In golden terms or a golden manner; splendidly; delightfully. [Obs.] Shak. Golden-rod Gold"en-rod` (?), n. (Bot.) A tall herb (Solidago Virga-aurea), bearing yellow flowers in a graceful elongated cluster. The name is common to all the species of the genus Solidago. Golden-rod tree (Bot.), a shrub (Bosea Yervamora), a native of the Canary Isles. Goldfinch Gold"finch` (?), n. [AS. goldfinc. See Gold, and Finch.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A beautiful bright-colored European finch (Carduelis elegans). The name refers to the large patch of yellow on the wings. The front of the head and throat are bright red; the nape, with part of the wings and tail, black; -- called also goldspink, goldie, fool's coat, drawbird, draw-water, thistle finch, and sweet William. (b) The yellow-hammer. (c) A small American finch (Spinus tristis); the thistle bird. NOTE: &hand; The name is also applied to other yellow finches, esp. to several additional American species of Spinus. Goldfinny Gold"fin`ny (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of two or more species of European labroid fishes (Crenilabrus melops, and Ctenolabrus rupestris); -- called also goldsinny, and goldney. Goldfish Gold"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small domesticated cyprinoid fish (Carassius auratus); -- so named from its color. It is native of China, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in 1691. It is often kept as an ornament, in small ponds or glass globes. Many varieties are known. Called also golden fish, and golden carp. See Telescope fish, under Telescope. (b) A California marine fish of an orange or red color; the garibaldi. Gold-hammer Gold"-ham`mer (?), n. The yellow-hammer. Goldie Gold"ie (?), n. [From Gold.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European goldfinch. (b) The yellow-hammer. Goldilocks Gold"i*locks` (?), n. Same as Goldylocks. Goldin, Golding Gold"in (?), Gold"ing (?), n. (Bot.) [From the golden color of the blossoms.] A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum). [This word is variously corrupted into gouland, gools, gowan, etc.] Goldless Gold"less (?), a. Destitute of gold. Goldney Gold"ney (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gilthead. Goldseed Gold"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) Dog's-tail grass. Goldsinny Gold"sin`ny (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Goldfinny. Goldsmith Gold"smith` (?), n. [AS. goldsmiGold., and Smith.] 1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc., of gold. 2. A banker. [Obs.] NOTE: &hand; Th e go ldsmiths of London formerly received money on deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely. Goldsmith beetle (Zo\'94l.), a large, bright yellow, American beetle (Cotalpa lanigera), of the family Scarab\'91id\'91 Goldtit Gold"tit` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Verdin. Goldylocks Gold"y*locks` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus Chrysocoma; -- so called from the tufts of yellow flowers which terminate the stems; also, the Ranunculus auricomus, a kind of buttercup. Golet Go"let (?), n. The gullet. [Obs.] Chaucer. Golet Go"let, n. (Zo\'94l.) A California trout. See Malma. Golf Golf (?), n. [D. kolf club or bat, also a Dutch game played in an inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. kolben club, but end, Icel. k tongue of a bell. bolt, Sw. kolf bolt, dart, but end, Dan. kolv bolt, arrow. Cf. Club, Globe.] A game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at the lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series of small holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole with the fewest strokes is the winner. [Scot.] Strutt. Golfer Golf"er (?), n. One who plays golf. [Scot.] Golgotha Gol"go*tha (?), n. Calvary. See the Note under Calvary. Goliard Gol"iard (?), n. [From OF. goliart glutton, buffoon, riotous student, Goliard, LL. goliardus, prob. fr. L. gula throat. Cf. Gules.] A buffoon in the Middle Ages, who attended rich men's tables to make sport for the guests by ribald stories and songs. Goliardery Gol"iard*er*y (?), n. The satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards. Milman. Goliath beetle Go*li"ath bee"tle (?). [From Goliath, the Philistine giant.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Goliathus, a genus of very large and handsome African beetles. Goll Goll (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hand, paw, or claw. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. B. Jonson. Goloe-shoe Go*loe"-shoe` (?), n. A galoche. Golore Go*lore" (?), n. See Galore. Goloshe Go*loshe" (?), n. See Galoche. Goltschut Golt"schut (?), n. 1. A small ingot of gold. 2. A silver ingot, used in Japan as money. Golyardeys Gol"yard*eys (?), n. A buffoon. See Gollard. [Obs.] Chaucer. Goman Go"man (?), n. [Prob. fr. good man; but cf. also AS. gumman a man, OHG. gomman man, husband.] A husband; a master of a family. [Obs.] Gomarist, Gomarite Go"mar*ist (?), Go"mar*ite (?), n. (Eccl.-Hist.) One of the followers of Francis Gomar or Gomarus, a Dutch disciple of Calvin in the 17th century, who strongly opposed the Arminians. Gombo Gom"bo (?), n. See Gumbo. Gome Gome (?), n. [AS. guma; akin to Goth. guma, L. homo. See Bridegroom.] A man. [Obs.] P. Plowman. Gome Gome, n. [Cf. Icel. gormr ooze, mud.] The black grease on the axle of a cart or wagon wheel; -- called also gorm. See Gorm. [Prov. Eng.] Gomer Go"mer (?), n. A Hebrew measure. See Homer. Gomer Go"mer, n. (Gun.) A conical chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy ordnance, especially in mortars; -- named after the inventor. Gommelin Gom"me*lin (?), n. [F. gommeline, from gomme gum.] (Chem.) See Dextrin. Gomphiasis Gom*phi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease of the teeth, which causes them to loosen and fall out of their sockets. Gomphosis Gom*pho"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gomphose.] (Anat.) A form of union or immovable articulation where a hard part is received into the cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the jaws. Gomuti Go*mu"ti (?), n. [Malayan gumuti.] A black, fibrous substance resembling horsehair, obtained from the leafstalks of two kinds of palms, Metroxylon Sagu, and Arenga saccharifera, of the Indian islands. It is used for making cordage. Called also ejoo. Gon Gon (?), imp. & p. p. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gonad Gon"ad (?), n.; pl. Gonads (#). [Gr. (Anat.) One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ gland. Wiedersheim. Gonakie Go"na*kie (?), n. (Bot.) An African timber tree (Acacia Adansonii). Gonangium Go`nan*gi"um (?), n.; pl. L. Gonangia (#), E. Gonangiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Gonotheca. Gondola Gon"do*la (?), n. [It., dim. of gonda a gondola; cf. LL. gandeia a kind of boat, Gr. gondole gondola, cup.] 1. A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, used in the canals of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by one or two oarsmen who stand facing the prow, or by poling. A gondola for passengers has a small open cabin amidships, for their protection against the sun or rain. A sumptuary law of Venice required that gondolas should be painted black, and they are customarily so painted now. 2. A flat-bottomed boat for freight. [U. S.] 3. A long platform car, either having no sides or with very low sides, used on railroads. [U. S.] Gondolet Gon"do*let (?), n. [It. gondoletta, dim. of gondola.] A small gondola. T. Moore. Gondolier Gon`do*lier" (?), n. [It. gondoliere: cf. F. gondolier.] A man who rows a gondola. Gone Gone (?), p. p. of Go. Goneness Gone"ness, n. A state of exhaustion; faintness, especially as resulting from hunger. [Colloq. U. S.] Gonfalon, Gonfanon Gon"fa*lon (?), Gon"fa*non (?), n. [OE. gonfanoun, OF. gonfanon, F. gonfalon, the same word as F. confalon, name of a religious brotherhood, fr. OHG. gundfano war flag; gund war (used in comp., and akin to AS. g\'d4\'eb) + fano cloth, flag; akin to E. vane; cf. AS. g\'d4\'ebfana. See Vane, and cf. Confalon.] 1. The ensign or standard in use by certain princes or states, such as the medi\'91val republics of Italy, and in more recent times by the pope. 2. A name popularly given to any flag which hangs from a crosspiece or frame instead of from the staff or the mast itself. Standards and gonfalons, 'twixt van and rear, Stream in the air. Milton. ______________________________________________________________ Page 638 Gonfalonier Gon`fa*lon*ier" (?), n. [F. gonfalonier: cf. It. gonfaloniere.] He who bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer; as: (a) An officer at Rome who bears the standard of the Church. (b) The chief magistrate of any one of several republics in medi\'91veal Italy. (c) A Turkish general, and standard keeper. Gong Gong (?), n. [AS. gong, gang, a going, passage, drain. See Gang.] A privy or jakes. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gong farmer, Gong man, a cleaner of privies. [Obs.] Gong Gong, n. 1. [Malayan (Jav.) g&omac;ng.] An instrument, first used in the East, made of an alloy of copper and tin, shaped like a disk with upturned rim, and producing, when struck, a harsh and resounding noise. O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong. Longfellow. 2. (Mach.) A flat saucerlike bell, rung by striking it with a small hammer which is connected with it by various mechanical devices; a stationary bell, used to sound calls or alarms; -- called also gong bell. Gong metal, an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22 of tin), from which Oriental gongs are made. Goniatite Go"ni*a*tite (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) One of an extinct genus of fossil cephalopods, allied to the Ammonites. The earliest forms are found in the Devonian formation, the latest, in the Triassic. Gonidial Go*nid"i*al (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia. Gonidial Go*nid"i*al, a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the angles of the mouth; as, a gonidial groove of an actinian. Gonidium Go*nid"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zool.) A special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth of many Anthozoa. Gonidium Go*nid"i*um, n.; pl. Gonidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A component cell of the yellowish green layer in certain lichens. Gonimia Go*nim"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) Bluish green granules which occur in certain lichens, as Collema, Peltigera, etc., and which replace the more usual gonidia. Gonimous Gon"i*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or gonimia, as that part of a lichen which contains the green or chlorophyll-bearing cells. Goniometer Go`ni*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. goniom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring angles, especially the angles of crystals, or the inclination of planes. Contact, OR Hand, goniometer, a goniometer having two movable arms (ab, cd), between which (at ab) the faces of the crystals are placed. These arms turn about a fixed point, which is the center of the graduated circle or semicircle upon which the angle is read off. -- Reflecting goniometer, an instrument for measuring the angles of crystals by determining through what angular space the crystal must be turned so that two rays reflected from two surfaces successively shall have the same direction; -- called also Wollaston's goniometer, from the inventor. Goniometric, Goniometrical Go`ni*o*met"ric (?), Go`ni*o*met"ric*al (, a. Pertaining to, or determined by means of, a goniometer; trigonometric. Goniometry Go`ni*om"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. goniom\'82trie.] (Math.) The art of measuring angles; trigonometry. Gonoblastid Gon`o*blas"tid (?), n. [See Gonoblastidium.] (Zo\'94l.) A reproductive bud of a hydroid; a simple gonophore. Gonoblastidium Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Gonoblastidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A blastostyle. Gonocalyx Gon`o*ca"lyx (?), n. [Gr. calyx,] (Zo\'94l.) The bell of a sessile gonozooid. Gonochorism Gon`o*cho"rism (?), n. [Gr. (a) Separation of the sexes in different individuals; -- opposed to hermaphroditism. (b) In ontogony, differentiation of male and female individuals from embryos having the same rudimentary sexual organs. (c) In phylogeny, the evolution of distinct sexes in species previously hermaphrodite or sexless. Gonococcus Gon`o*coc"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. coccus.] (Med.) A vegetable micro\'94rganism of the genus Micrococcus, occurring in the secretion in gonorrhea. It is believed by some to constitute the cause of this disease.<-- now Neisseria gonnorrhoeae --> Gonoph Gon"oph (?), n. [Perh. fr. Heb. gann\'bebh thief.] A pickpocket or thief. [Eng. Slang]<-- also ganef, gonif, goniff --> Dickens. Gonophore Gon"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid bud upon a hydroid, sometimes becoming a free hydromedusa, sometimes remaining attached. See Hydroidea, and Illusts. of Athecata, Campanularian, and Gonosome. 2. (Bot.) A lengthened receptacle, bearing the stamens and carpels in a conspicuous manner. Gonorrhea, Gonorrh\'d2a Gon`or*rhe"a, Gon`or*rh\'d2"a (?), n. [L. gonorrhoea, Gr. gonorrh\'82e.] (Med.) A contagious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract, affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and characterized by a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and chordee; clap. Gonorrheal, Gonorrh\'d2al Gon`or*rhe"al, Gon`or*rh\'d2"al (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to gonorrhea; as, gonorrheal rheumatism. Gonosome Gon"o*some (?), n. [Gr. -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) The reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony, collectively. Gonotheca Gon`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Gonothec (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A capsule developed on certain hydroids (Thecaphora), inclosing the blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds or gonophores are developed; -- called also gonangium, and teleophore. See Hydroidea, and Illust. of Campanularian. Gonozooid Gon`o*zo"oid (?), n. [Gr. zooid.] (Zo\'94l.) A sexual zooid, or medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore. See Hydroidea, and Illust. of Campanularian. Gonydial Go*nyd"i*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's beak. Gonys Go"nys (?), n. [Cf. Genys.] (Zo\'94l.) The keel or lower outline of a bird's bill, so far as the mandibular rami are united. Goober Goo"ber (?), n. A peanut. [Southern U. S.] Good Good (?), a. [Compar. Better (?); superl. Best (?). These words, though used as the comparative and superlative of good, are from a different root.] [AS. G&omac;d, akin to D. goed, OS. g&omac;d, OHG. guot, G. gut, Icel. g&omac;&edh;r, Sw. & Dan. god, Goth. g&omac;ds; prob. orig., fitting, belonging together, and akin to E. gather. &root;29 Cf. Gather.] 1. Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to answer the end designed; promoting success, welfare, or happiness; serviceable; useful; fit; excellent; admirable; commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious, offensive, or troublesome, etc. And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very good. Gen. i. 31. Good company, good wine, good welcome. Shak. 2. Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous; pious; religious; -- said of persons or actions. In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works. Tit. ii. 7. 3. Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious; polite; propitious; friendly; well-disposed; -- often followed by to or toward, also formerly by unto. The men were very good unto us. 1 Sam. xxv. 15. 4. Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use; to be relied upon; -- followed especially by for. All quality that is good for anything is founded originally in merit. Collier. 5. Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; -- followed especially by at. He . . . is a good workman; a very good tailor. Shak. Those are generally good at flattering who are good for nothing else. South. 6. Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not fallacious; valid; in a commercial sense, to be depended on for the discharge of obligations incurred; having pecuniary ability; of unimpaired credit. My reasons are both good and weighty. Shak. My meaning in saying he is a good man is . . . that he is sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond. Shak. 7. Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases in good earnest; in good sooth. Love no man in good earnest. Shak. 8. Not small, insignificant, or of no account; considerable; esp., in the phrases a good deal, a good way, a good degree, a good share or part, etc. 9. Not lacking or deficient; full; complete. Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over. Luke vi. 38. 10. Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable; unsullied; as in the phrases a good name, a good report, good repute, etc. A good name is better than precious ointment. Eccl. vii. 1. As good as. See under As. -- For good, OR For good and all, completely and finally; fully; truly. The good woman never died after this, till she came to die for good and all. L'Estrange. -- Good breeding, polite or polished manners, formed by education; a polite education. Distinguished by good humor and good breeding. Macaulay. -- Good cheap, literally, good bargain; reasonably cheap. -- Good consideration (Law). (a) A consideration of blood or of natural love and affection. Blackstone. (b) A valuable consideration, or one which will sustain a contract. -- Good fellow, a person of companionable qualities. [Familiar] -- Good folk, or Good people, fairies; brownies; pixies, etc. [Colloq. Eng. & Scot.] -- Good for nothing. (a) Of no value; useless; worthless. (b) Used substantively, an idle, worthless person. My father always said I was born to be a good for nothing. Ld. Lytton. -- Good Friday, the Friday of Holy Week, kept in some churches as a fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or suffering; the anniversary of the crucifixion. -- Good humor, OR Good-humor, a cheerful or pleasant temper or state of mind. -- Good nature, OR Good-nature, habitual kindness or mildness of temper or disposition; amiability; state of being in good humor. The good nature and generosity which belonged to his character. Macaulay. The young count's good nature and easy persuadability were among his best characteristics. Hawthorne. -- Good people. See Good folk (above). -- Good speed, good luck; good success; godspeed; -- an old form of wishing success. See Speed. -- Good turn, an act of kidness; a favor. -- Good will. (a) Benevolence; well wishing; kindly feeling. (b) (Law) The custom of any trade or business; the tendency or inclination of persons, old customers and others, to resort to an established place of business; the advantage accruing from tendency or inclination. The good will of a trade is nothing more than the probability that the old customers will resort to the old place. Lord Eldon. -- In good time. (a) Promptly; punctually; opportunely; not too soon nor too late. (b) (Mus.) Correctly; in proper time. -- To hold good, to remain true or valid; to be operative; to remain in force or effect; as, his promise holds good; the condition still holds good. -- To make good, to fulfill; to establish; to maintain; to supply (a defect or deficiency); to indemmify; to prove or verify (an accusation); to prove to be blameless; to clear; to vindicate. Each word made good and true. Shak. Of no power to make his wishes good. Shak. I . . . would by combat make her good. Shak. Convenient numbers to make good the city. Shak. -- To think good, to approve; to be pleased or satisfied with; to consider expedient or proper. If ye think good, give me my price; and if not, forbear. Zech. xi. 12. NOTE: &hand; Go od, in th e sense of wishing well, is much used in greeting and leave-taking; as, good day, good night, good evening, good morning, etc. Good Good (?), n. 1. That which possesses desirable qualities, promotes success, welfare, or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind, benevolent, etc.; -- opposed to evil. There be many that say, Who will show us any good ? Ps. iv. 6. 2. Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare; prosperity; advantage; benefit; -- opposed to harm, etc. The good of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing the good of each of the members composing it. Jay. 3. pl. Wares; commodities; chattels; -- formerly used in the singular in a collective sense. In law, a comprehensive name for almost all personal property as distinguished from land or real property. Wharton. He hath made us spend much good. Chaucer. Thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate Unto the state of Venice. Shak. Dress goods, Dry goods, etc. See in the Vocabulary. -- Goods engine, a freight locomotive. [Eng.] -- Goods train, a freight train. [Eng.] -- Goods wagon, a freight car [Eng.] See the Note under Car, n., 2. Good Good, adv. Well, -- especially in the phrase as good, with a following as expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage or as little harm as possible. As good almost kill a man as kill a good book. Milton. As good as, in effect; virtually; the same as. They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do as good as bid ye suppress yourselves. Milton. Good Good, v. t. 1. To make good; to turn to good. [Obs.] 2. To manure; to improve. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Good-by, Good-bye Good`-by", Good`-bye" (?), n. OR interj. [A contraction of God be with ye (God be w&icr; ye, God bw' ye, God bwye).] Farewell; a form of address used at parting. See the last Note under By, prep. Shak. Good-den Good`-den" (?), interj. [Corrupt. of good e'en, for good evening.] A form of salutation. [Obs.] Shak. Good-fellowship Good`-fel"low*ship (?), n. Agreeable companionship; companionableness. Goodgeon Good"geon (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Gudgeon, 5. Good-humored Good`-hu"mored (?), a. Having a cheerful spirit and demeanor; good-tempered. See Good-natured. Good-humoredly Good`-hu"mored*ly, adv. With a cheerful spirit; in a cheerful or good-tempered manner. Goodish Good"ish (?), a. Rather good than the contrary; not actually bad; tolerable. Goodish pictures in rich frames. Walpole. Goodless Good"less, a. Having no goods. [Obs.] Chaucer. Goodlich Good"lich (?), a. Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer. Goodliness Good"li*ness (?), n. [From Goodly.] Beauty of form; grace; elegance; comeliness. Her goodliness was full of harmony to his eyes. Sir P. Sidney. Good-looking Good"-look`ing (?), a. Handsome. Goodly Good"ly, adv. Excellently. [Obs.] Spenser. Goodly Good"ly, a. [Compar. Goodlier (?); superl. Goodliest.] [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.] 1. Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. We have many goodly days to see. Shak. 2. Of pleasing appearance or character; comely; graceful; as, a goodly person; goodly raiment, houses. The goodliest man of men since born. Milton. 3. Large; considerable; portly; as, a goodly number. Goodly and great he sails behind his link. Dryden. Goodlyhead, Goodlyhood Good"ly*head (?), Good"ly*hood (?) n. Goodness; grace; goodliness. [Obs.] Spenser. Goodman Good"man (?), n. [Good + man] 1. A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to "My friend", "Good sir", "Mister;" -- sometimes used ironically. [Obs.] With you, goodman boy, an you please. Shak. 2. A husband; the master of a house or family; -- often used in speaking familiarly. [Archaic] Chaucer. Say ye to the goodman of the house, . . . Where is the guest-chamber ? Mark xiv. 14. _________________________________________________________________ Page 639 NOTE: &hand; In the early colonial records of New England, the term goodman is frequently used as a title of designation, sometimes in a respectful manner, to denote a person whose first name was not known, or when it was not desired to use that name; in this use it was nearly equivalent to Mr. This use was doubtless brought with the first settlers from England. Good-natured Good`-na"tured (?), a. Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked. Syn. -- Good-natured, Good-tempered, Good-humored. Good-natured denotes a disposition to please and be pleased. Good-tempered denotes a habit of mind which is not easily ruffied by provocations or other disturbing influences. Good-humored is applied to a spirit full of ease and cheerfulness, as displayed in one's outward deportment and in social intercourse. A good-natured man recommends himself to all by the spirit which governs him. A good-humored man recommends himself particularly as a companion. A good-tempered man is rarely betrayed into anything which can disturb the serenity of the social circle. Good-naturedly Good`-na"tured*ly, adv. With maldness of temper. Goodness Good"ness (?), n. [AS. g.] The quality of being good in any of its various senses; excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence; as, the goodness of timber, of a soil, of food; goodness of character, of disposition, of conduct, etc. Good now Good" now" (?). An exclamation of wonder, surprise, or entreaty. [Obs.] Shak. Goods Goods (?), n. pl. See Good, n., 3. Goodship Good"ship, n. Favor; grace. [Obs.] Gower. Good-tempered Good`-tem"pered (?), a. Having a good temper; not easily vexed. See Good-natured. Goodwife Good"wife` (?), n. The mistress of a house. [Archaic] Robynson (More's Utopia). Goody Good"y (?), n.; pl. Goodies (. 1. A bonbon, cake, or the like; -- usually in the pl. [Colloq.] 2. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish; the lafayette or spot. Goody Good"y, n.; pl. Goodies (#). [Prob. contr. from goodwife.] Goodwife; -- a low term of civility or sport. Gode-year Gode"-year (?), n. [See Goujere.] The venereal disease; -- often used as a mild oath. [Obs.] Shak. Goody-goody Good"y-good`y, a. Mawkishly or weakly good; exhibiting goodness with silliness. [Colloq.] Goodyship Good"y*ship, n. The state or quality of a goody or goodwife [Jocose] Hudibraus. Gooroo, Guru Goo*roo", Gu*ru" (, n. [Hind. gur a spiritual parent or teacher, Skr. guru heavy, noble, venerable, teacher. Cf. Grief.] A spiritual teacher, guide, or confessor amoung the Hindoos. Malcom. Goosander Goos"an`der (?), n. [OE. gossander, a tautological word formed fr. goose + gander. Cf. Merganser.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of merganser (M. merganser) of Northern Europe and America; -- called also merganser, dundiver, sawbill, sawneb, shelduck, and sheldrake. See Merganser. Goose Goose (?), n.; pl. Geese (#). [OE. gos, AS. g, pl. g; akin to D. & G. gans, Icel. g\'bes, Dan. gaas, Sw. g, Russ. guse. OIr. geiss, L. anser, for hanser, Gr. hamsa. &root;233. Cf. Gander, Gannet, Ganza, Gosling.] (Zo\'94l.) 1. Any large web-footen bird of the subfamily Anserin\'91, and belonging to Anser, Branta, Chen, and several allied genera. See Anseres. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon do mestic go ose is believed to have been derived from the European graylag goose (Anser anser). The bean goose (A. segetum), the American wild or Canada goose (Branta Canadensis), and the bernicle goose (Branta leucopsis) are well known species. The American white or snow geese and the blue goose belong to the genus Chen. See Bernicle, Emperor goose, under Emperor, Snow goose, Wild goose, Brant. 2. Any large bird of other related families, resembling the common goose. NOTE: &hand; The Egyptian or fox goose (Alopochen \'92gyptiaca) and the African spur-winged geese (Plectropterus) belong to the family Plectropterid\'91. The Australian semipalmated goose (Anseranas semipalmata) and Cape Barren goose (Cereopsis Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91) are very different from northern geese, and each is made the type of a distinct family. Both are domesticated in Australia. 3. A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its handle, which resembles the neck of a goose. 4. A silly creature; a simpleton. 5. A game played with counters on a board divided into compartments, in some of which a goose was depicted. The pictures placed for ornament and use, The twelve good rules, the royal game of goose. Goldsmith. A wild goose chase, an attempt to accomplish something impossible or unlikely of attainment. -- Fen goose. See under Fen. -- Goose barnacle (Zo\'94l.), any pedunculated barnacle of the genus Anatifa or Lepas; -- called also duck barnacle. See Barnacle, and Cirripedia. -- Goose cap, a silly person. [Obs.] Beau. & . -- Goose corn (Bot.), a coarse kind of rush (Juncus squarrosus). -- Goose feast, Michaelmas. [Colloq. Eng.] -- Goose flesh, a peculiar roughness of the skin produced by cold or fear; -- called also goose skin.<-- and goose pimples and goose bumps --> -- Goose grass. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Galium (G. Aparine), a favorite food of geese; -- called also catchweed and cleavers. (b) A species of knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare). (c) The annual spear grass (Poa annua). -- Goose neck, anything, as a rod of iron or a pipe, curved like the neck of a goose; specially (Naut.), an iron hook connecting a spar with a mast. -- Goose quill, a large feather or quill of a goose; also, a pen made from it. -- Goose skin. See Goose flesh, above. -- Goose tongue (Bot.), a composite plant (Achillea ptarmica), growing wild in the British islands. -- Sea goose. (Zo\'94l.) See Phalarope. -- Solan goose. (Zo\'94l.) See Gannet. Gooseberry Goose"ber*ry (?), n.; pl. Gooseberries (#), [Corrupted for groseberry or groiseberry, fr. OF. groisele, F. groseille, -- of German origin; cf. G. krausbeere, kr\'84uselbeere (fr. kraus crisp), D. kruisbes, kruisbezie (as if crossberry, fr. kruis cross; for kroesbes, kroesbezie, fr. kroes crisp), Sw. krusb\'84r (fr. krus, krusing, crisp). The first part of the word is perh. akin to E. curl. Cf. Grossular, a.] 1. (Bot.) Any thorny shrub of the genus Ribes; also, the edible berries of such shrub. There are several species, of which Ribes Grossularia is the one commonly cultivated. 2. A silly person; a goose cap. Goldsmith. Barbadoes gooseberry, a climbing prickly shrub (Pereskia aculeata) of the West Indies, which bears edible berries resembling gooseberries. -- Coromandel gooseberry. See Carambola. -- Gooseberry fool. See lst Fool. -- Gooseberry worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a small moth (Dakruma convolutella). It destroys the gooseberry by eating the interior. Goosefish Goose"fish` (?), n. (Z\'94ll.) See Angler. Goosefoot Goose"foot` (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of herbs (Chenopodium) mostly annual weeds; pigweed. Goosery Goos"er*y (?), n.; pl. Gooseries (. 1. A place for keeping geese. 2. The characteristics or actions of a goose; silliness. The finical goosery of your neat sermon actor. Milton. Goosewing Goose"wing` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the clews or lower corners of a course or a topsail when the middle part or the rest of the sail is furled. Goosewinged Goose"winged` (?), a. (Naut.) (a) Having a "goosewing." (b) Said of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel with foresail set on one side and mainsail on the other; wing and wing. Goosish Goos"ish, a. Like a goose; foolish. [Obs.] Chaucer. Goost Goost (?), n. Ghost; spirit. [Obs.] Chaucer. Goot Goot (?), n. A goat. [Obs.] Chaucer. Go-out Go"-out` (?), n. A sluice in embankments against the sea, for letting out the land waters, when the tide is out. [Written also gowt.] Gopher Go"pher (?), n. [F. gaufre waffle, honeycomb. See Gauffer.] (Zo\'94l.) 1. One of several North American burrowing rodents of the genera Geomys and Thomomys, of the family Geomyid\'91; -- called also pocket gopher and pouched rat. See Pocket gopher, and Tucan. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me wa s originally given by French settlers to many burrowing rodents, from their honeycombing the earth. 2. One of several western American species of the genus Spermophilus, of the family Sciurid\'91; as, the gray gopher (Spermophilus Franklini) and the striped gopher (S. tridecemlineatus); -- called also striped prairie squirrel, leopard marmot, and leopard spermophile. See Spermophile. 3. A large land tortoise (Testudo Carilina) of the Southern United States, which makes extensive burrows. 4. A large burrowing snake (Spilotes Couperi) of the Southern United States. Gopher drift (Mining), an irregular prospecting drift, following or seeking the ore without regard to regular grade or section. Raymond. Gopher wood Go"pher wood` (?). [Heb. g&omac;pher.] A species of wood used in the construction of Noah's ark. Gen. vi. 14. Goracco Go*rac"co (?), n. A paste prepared from tobacco, and smoked in hookahs in Western India. Goral Go"ral (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Indian goat antelope (Nemorhedus goral), resembling the chamois. Goramy Go"ra*my (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gourami. Gor-bellied Gor"-bel`lied (?), a. Bog-bellied. [Obs.] Gor-belly Gor"-bel`ly, n. [Gore filth, dirt + belly.] A prominent belly; a big-bellied person. [Obs.] Gorce Gorce (?), n. [OF. gort, nom. gorz, gulf, L. gurges whirlpool, gulf, stream. See Gorge.] A pool of water to keep fish in; a wear. [Obs.] <-- "wear" here is in the sense of "weir". But why the less-common word? --> Gorcock Gor"cock` (?), n. [Prob. from gore blood.] (Zo\'94l.) The moor cock, or red grouse. See Grouse. [Prov. Eng.] Gorcrow Gor"crow` (?), n. [AS. gor dung, dirt. See Gore blood, dirt.] (Zo\'94l.) The carrion crow; -- called also gercrow. [Prov. Eng.] Gord Gord (?), n. [Written also gourd.] [Perh. hollow, and so named in allusion to a gourd.] An instrument of gaming; a sort of dice. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Gordiacea Gor`di*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of nematoid worms, including the hairworms or hair eels (Gordius and Mermis). See Gordius, and Illustration in Appendix. Gordian Gor"di*an (?), a. 1. Pertaining to Gordius, king of Phrygia, or to a knot tied by him; hence, intricate; complicated; inextricable. Gordian knot, an intricate knot tied by Gordius in the thong which connected the pole of the chariot with the yoke. An oracle having declared that he who should untie it should be master of Asia, Alexander the Great averted the ill omen of his inability to loosen it by cutting it with his sword. Hence, a Gordian knot is an inextricable difficulty; and to cut the Gordian knot is to remove a difficulty by bold and energetic measures. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Gordiacea. Gordian Gor"di*an, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gordiacea. Gordius Gor"di*us (?), n. [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of long, slender, nematoid worms, parasitic in insects until near maturity, when they leave the insect, and live in water, in which they deposit their eggs; -- called also hair eel, hairworm, and hair snake, from the absurd, but common and widely diffused, notion that they are metamorphosed horsehairs. Gore Gore (?), n. [AS. gor dirt, dung; akin to Icel. gor, SW. gorr, OHG. gor, and perh. to E. cord, chord, and yarn; cf. Icel. g\'94rn, garnir, guts.] 1. Dirt; mud. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher. 2. Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has become thick or clotted. Milton. Gore Gore, n. [OE. gore, gare, AS. g angular point of land, fr. g spear; akin to D. geer gore, G. gehre gore, ger spear, Icel. geiri gore, geir spear, and prob. to E. goad. Cf. Gar, n., Garlic, and Gore, v.] 1. A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth, canvas, etc., sewed into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater width at a particular part. 2. A small traingular piece of land. Cowell. 3. (Her.) One of the abatements. It is made of two curved lines, meeting in an acute angle in the fesse point. NOTE: &hand; It is us ually on th e si nister si de, an d of the tincture called tenn\'82. Like the other abatements it is a modern fancy and not actually used. Gore Gore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goring.] [OE. gar spear, AS. g. See 2d Gore.] To pierce or wound, as with a horn; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear; to stab. The low stumps shall gore His daintly feet. Coleridge. Gore Gore, v. t. To cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to provide with a gore; as, to gore an apron. Gorebill Gore"bill` (?), n. [2d gore + bill.] (Zo\'94l.) The garfish. [Prov. Eng.] Gorfly Gor"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gorflies (#). [Gore (AS. gor) dung + fly.] (Zo\'94l.) A dung fly. Gorge Gorge (?), n. [F. gorge, LL. gorgia, throat, narrow pass, and gorga abyss, whirlpool, prob. fr. L. gurgea whirlpool, gulf, abyss; cf. Skr. gargara whirlpool, g\'f0 to devour. Cf. Gorget.] 1. The throat; the gullet; the canal by which food passes to the stomach. Wherewith he gripped her gorge with so great pain. Spenser. Now, how abhorred! . . . my gorge rises at it. Shak. 2. A narrow passage or entrance; as: (a) A defile between mountains. (b) The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a fort; -- usually synonymous with rear. See Illust. of Bastion. 3. That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by a hawk or other fowl. And all the way, most like a brutish beast,< e spewed up his gorge, that all did him detest. Spenser. 4. A filling or choking of a passage or channel by an obstruction; as, an ice gorge in a river. 5. (Arch.) A concave molding; a cavetto. Gwilt. 6. (Naut.) The groove of a pulley. Gorge circle (Gearing), the outline of the smallest cross section of a hyperboloid of revolution. -- Gorge hook, two fishhooks, separated by a piece of lead. Knight. Gorge Gorge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gorged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gorging (?).] [F. gorger. See Gorge, n.] 1. To swallow; especially, to swallow with greediness, or in large mouthfuls or quantities. The fish has gorged the hook. Johnson. 2. To glut; to fill up to the throat; to satiate. The giant gorged with flesh. Addison. Gorge with my blood thy barbarous appetite. Dryden. Gorge Gorge, v. i. To eat greedily and to satiety. Milton. Gorged Gorged (?), a. 1. Having a gorge or throat. 2. (Her.) Bearing a coronet or ring about the neck. 3. Glutted; fed to the full. Gorgelet Gor"ge*let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small gorget, as of a humming bird. Gorgeous Gor"geous (?), a. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.] Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent. Cloud-land, gorgeous land. Coleridge. Gogeous as the sun at midsummer. Shak. -- Gor"geous*ly, adv. -- Gor"geous*ness, n. Gorgerin Gor`ge*rin" (?), n. [F., fr. gorge neck.] (Arch.) In some columns, that part of the capital between the termination of the shaft and the annulet of the echinus, or the space between two neck moldings; -- called also neck of the capital, and hypotrachelium. See Illust. of Column. Gorget Gor"get (?), n. [OF. gorgete, dim. of gorge throat. See Gorge, n.] 1. A piece of armor, whether of chain mail or of plate, defending the throat and upper part of the breast, and forming a part of the double breastplate of the 14th century. 2. A piece of plate armor covering the same parts and worn over the buff coat in the 17th century, and without other steel armor. Unfix the gorget's iron clasp. Sir W. Scott. 3. A small ornamental plate, usually crescent-shaped, and of gilded copper, formerly hung around the neck of officers in full uniform in some modern armies. 4. A ruff worn by women. [Obs.] 5. (Surg.) (a) A cutting instrument used in lithotomy. (b) A grooved instrunent used in performing various operations; -- called also blunt gorget. Dunglison. _________________________________________________________________ Page 640 6. (Zo\'94l.) A crescent-shaped, colored patch on the neck of a bird or mammal. Gorget hummer (Zo\'94l.), a humming bird of the genus Trochilus. See Rubythroat. Gorgon Gor"gon (?), n. [L. Gorgo, -onis, Gr. 1. (Gr. Myth.) One of three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, with snaky hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom turned the beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to Medusa. 2. Anything very ugly or horrid. Milton. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The brindled gnu. See Gnu. Gorgon Gor"gon, a. Like a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as, a Gorgon face. Dryden. Gorgonacea Gor`go*na"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See Gorgoniacea. Gorgonean Gor*go"ne*an (?), a. See Gorgonian, 1. Gorgoneion Gor`go*ne"ion (?), n.; pl. Gorgoneia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Gorgo`neios, equiv. to Gorgei^os belonging to a Gorgon.] (Arch.) A mask carved in imitation of a Gorgon's head. Elmes. Gorgonia Gor*go"ni*a (?), n. [L., a coral which hardens in the air.] (Zo\'94l.) 1. A genus of Gorgoniacea, formerly very extensive, but now restricted to such species as the West Indian sea fan (Gorgonia flabellum), sea plume (G. setosa), and other allied species having a flexible, horny axis. 2. Any slender branched gorgonian. Gorgoniacea Gor*go`ni*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gorgonia.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the principal divisions of Alcyonaria, including those forms which have a firm and usually branched axis, covered with a porous crust, or c NOTE: &hand; Th e ax is is commonly horny, but it may be solid and stony (composed of calcium carbonate), as in the red coral of commerce, or it may be in alternating horny and stony joints, as in Isis. See Alcyonaria, Anthozoa, C. Gorgonian Gor*go"ni*an (?), a. [L. Gorgoneus.] 1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a Gorgon; terrifying into stone; terrific. The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move. Milton. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Gorgoniacea; as, gorgonian coral. Gorgonian Gor*go"ni*an, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gorgoniacea. Gorgonize Gor"gon*ize (?), v. t. To have the effect of a Gorgon upon; to turn into stone; to petrify. [R.] Gorhen Gor"hen` (?), n. [Gor- as in gorcock + hen.] (Zo\'94l.) The female of the gorcock. Gorilla Go*ril"la (?), n. [An African word; found in a Greek translation of a treatise in Punic by Hanno, a Carthaginian.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, arboreal, anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is larger than a man, and is remarkable for its massive skeleton and powerful muscles, which give it enormous strength. In some respects its anatomy, more than that of any other ape, except the chimpanzee, resembles that of man. Goring, or Goring cloth Gor"ing (?), or Gor"ing cloth` (, n., (Naut.) A piece of canvas cut obliquely to widen a sail at the foot. Gorm Gorm (?), n. Axle grease. See Gome. [Prov. Eng.] Gorm Gorm, v. t. To daub, as the hands or clothing, with gorm; to daub with anything sticky. [Prov. Eng.] Gorma Gor"ma (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European cormorant. Gormand Gor"mand (?), n. [F. gourmand; cf. Prov. F. gourmer to sip, to lap, gourmacher to eat improperly, F. gourme mumps, glanders, Icel. gormr mud, mire, Prov. E. gorm to smear, daub; all perh. akin to E. gore blood, filth. Cf. Gourmand.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a luxurious feeder; a gourmand. Gormand Gor"mand, a. Gluttonous; voracious. Pope. Gormander Gor"mand*er (?), n. See Gormand, n. [Obs.] Gormandism Gor"mand*ism (?), n. Gluttony. Gormandize Gor"mand*ize (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Gormandized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gormandizing (?).] [F. gourmandise gluttony. See Gormand.] To eat greedily; to swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously or like a glutton. Shak. Gormandizer Gor"mand*i`zer (?), n. A greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a glutton. Goroon shell Go*roon" shell` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large, handsome, marine, univalve shell (Triton femorale). Gorse Gorse (?), n. [OE. & AS. gorst; perh. akin to E. grow, grass.] (Bot.) Furze. See Furze. The common, overgrown with fern, and rough With prickly gorse. Cowper. Gorse bird (Zo\'94l.), the European linnet; -- called also gorse hatcher. [Prov. Eng.] -- Gorse chat (Zo\'94l.), the winchat. -- Gorse duck, the corncrake; -- called also grass drake, land drake, and corn drake. Gory Gor"y (?), a. [From Gore.] 1. Covered with gore or clotted blood. Thou canst not say I did it; never shake Thy gory locks at me. Shak. 2. Bloody; murderous. "Gory emulation." Shak. Goshawk Gos"hawk` (?), n. [AS. g, lit., goosehawk; or Icel. g\'beshaukr. See Goose, and Hawk the bird.] (Zo\'94l.) Any large hawk of the genus Astur, of which many species and varieties are known. The European (Astur palumbarius) and the American (A. atricapillus) are the best known species. They are noted for their powerful flight, activity, and courage. The Australian goshawk (A. Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91) is pure white. Gosherd Gos"herd (?), n. [OE. gosherde. See Goose, and Herd a herdsman.] One who takes care of geese. Goslet Gos"let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of pygmy geese, of the genus Nettepus. They are about the size of a teal, and inhabit Africa, India, and Australia. Gosling Gos"ling (?), n. [AS. g goose + -ling.] 1. A young or unfledged goose. 2. A catkin on nut trees and pines. Bailey. Gospel Gos"pel (?), n. [OE. gospel, godspel, AS. godspell; god God + spell story, tale. See God, and Spell, v.] 1. Glad tidings; especially, the good news concerning Christ, the Kingdom of God, and salvation. And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom. Matt. iv. 23. The steadfast belief of the promises of the gospel. Bentley. NOTE: &hand; It is probable that gospel is from. OE. godspel, God story, the narrative concerning God; but it was early confused with god spell, good story, good tidings, and was so used by the translators of the Authorized version of Scripture. This use has been retained in most cases in the Revised Version. Thus the literal sense [of gospel] is the "narrative of God," i. e., the life of Christ. Skeat. 2. One of the four narratives of the life and death of Jesus Christ, written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. 3. A selection from one of the gospels, for use in a religious service; as, the gospel for the day. 4. Any system of religious doctrine; sometimes, any system of political doctrine or social philosophy; as, this political gospel. Burke. 5. Anything propounded or accepted as infallibly true; as, they took his words for gospel. [Colloq.] If any one thinks this expression hyperbolical, I shall only ask him to read dipus, instead of taking the traditional witticisms about Lee for gospel. Saintsbury. Gospel Gos"pel, a. Accordant with, or relating to, the gospel; evangelical; as, gospel righteousness. Bp. Warburton. Gospel Gos"pel, v. t. To instruct in the gospel. [Obs.] Shak. Gospeler Gos"pel*er (?), n. [AS. godspellere.] [Written also gospeller.] 1. One of the four evangelists. Rom. of R. Mark the gospeler was the ghostly son of Peter in baptism. Wyclif. 2. A follower of Wyclif, the first English religious reformer; hence, a Puritan. [Obs.] Latimer. The persecution was carried on against the gospelers with much fierceness by those of the Roman persuasion. Strype. 3. A priest or deacon who reads the gospel at the altar during the communion service. The Archbishop of York was the celebrant, the epistoler being the dean, and the gospeler the Bishop of Sydney. Pall Mall Gazette. Gospelize Gos"pel*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gospelized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gospelizing (?).] [Written also gospellize.] 1. To form according to the gospel; as, a command gospelized to us. Milton. 2. To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize; as, to gospelize the savages. Boyle. Goss Goss (?), n. [See Gorse.] Gorse. [Obs.] Shak. Gossamer Gos"sa*mer (?), n. [OE. gossomer, gossummer, gosesomer, perh. for goose summer, from its downy appearance, or perh. for God's summer, cf. G. mariengarr gossamer, properly Mary's yarn, in allusion to the Virgin Mary. Perhaps the E. word alluded to a legend that the gossamer was the remnant of the Virgin Mary's winding sheet, which dropped from her when she was taken up to heaven. For the use of summer in the sense of film or threads, cf. G. M\'84dchensommer, Altweibersommer, fliegender Sommer, all meaning, gossamer.] 1. A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. It is seen in stubble fields and on furze or low bushes, and is formed by small spiders. 2. Any very thin gauzelike fabric; also, a thin waterproof stuff. 3. An outer garment, made of waterproof gossamer. Gossamer spider (Zo\'94l.), any small or young spider which spins webs by which to sail in the air. See Ballooning spider. Gossamery Gos"sa*mer*y (?), a. Like gossamer; flimsy. The greatest master of gossamery affectation. De Quincey. Gossan Gos"san (?), n. (Geol.) Decomposed rock, usually reddish or ferruginous (owing to oxidized pyrites), forming the upper part of a metallic vein. Gossaniferous Gos`san*if"er*ous (?), a. [Gossan + -ferous.] Containing or producing gossan. Gossat Gos"sat (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small British marine fish (Motella tricirrata); -- called also whistler and three-bearded rockling. [Prov. Eng.] Gossib Gos"sib (?), n. A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Gossip Gos"sip (?), n. [OE. gossib, godsib, a relation or sponsor in baptism, a relation by a religious obligation, AS. godsibb, fr. god + sib alliance, relation; akin to G. sippe, Goth. sibja, and also to Skr. sabh\'be assembly.] 1. A sponsor; a godfather or a godmother. Should a great lady that was invited to be a gossip, in her place send her kitchen maid, 't would be ill taken. Selden. 2. A friend or comrade; a companion; a familiar and customary acquaintance. [Obs.] My noble gossips, ye have been too prodigal. Shak. 3. One who runs house to house, tattling and telling news; an idle tattler. The common chat of gossips when they meet. Dryden. 4. The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor. Bubbles o'er like a city with gossip, scandal, and spite. Tennyson. Gossip Gos"sip, v. t. To stand sponsor to. [Obs.] Shak. Gossip Gos"sip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gossiped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gossiping.] 1. To make merry. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To prate; to chat; to talk much. Shak. 3. To run about and tattle; to tell idle tales. Gossiper Gos"sip*er (?), n. One given to gossip. Beaconsfield. Gossiprede Gos"sip*rede (?), n. [Cf. Kindred.] The relationship between a person and his sponsors. [Obs.] Gossipry Gos"sip*ry (?), n. 1. Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede; special intimacy. Bale. 2. Idle talk; gossip. Mrs. Browning. Gossipy Gos"sip*y (?), a. Full of, or given to, gossip. Gossoon Gos*soon" (?), n. [Scot. garson an attendant, fr. F. gar\'87on, OF. gars.] A boy; a servant. [Ireland] Gossypium Gos*syp"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. gossypion, gossipion.] (Bot.) A genus of plants which yield the cotton of the arts. The species are much confused. G. herbaceum is the name given to the common cotton plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is produced by G. Barbadense, a shrubby variety. There are several other kinds besides these. Got Got (?), imp. & p. p. of Get. See Get. Gote Gote (?), n. [Cf. LG. gote, gaute, canal, G. gosse; akin to giessen to pour, shed, AS. ge\'a2tan, and E. fuse to melt.] A channel for water. [Prov. Eng.] Crose. Goter Go"ter (?), n. a gutter. [Obs.] Chaucer. Goth Goth (?), n. [L. Gothi, pl.; cf. Gr. 1. (Ethnol.) One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who overran and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire. NOTE: &hand; Un der th e re ign of Valens, they took possession of Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came to be known as Ostrogoths and Visigoths, or East and West Goths; the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube, and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called Moesogoths. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled Suiogoths. 2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant person. Chesterfield. Gothamist Go"tham*ist (?), n. A wiseacre; a person deficient in wisdom; -- so called from Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some pleasant blunders. Bp. Morton. Gothamite Go"tham*ite (?), n. 1. A gothamist. 2. An inhabitant of New York city. [Jocular] Irving. Gothic Goth"ic (?), a. [L. Gothicus: cf. F. gothique.] 1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude; barbarous. 2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions -- prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust. of Abacus, and Capital. Gothic Goth"ic, n. 1. The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See Goth. NOTE: &hand; Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of this translaton which is preserved is the oldest known literary document in any Teutonic language. 2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines. NOTE: &hand; This is Nonpareil GOTHIC. 3. (Arch.) The style described in Gothic, a., 2. Gothicism Goth"i*cism (?), n. 1. A Gothic idiom. 2. Conformity to the Gothic style of architecture. 3. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness. Gothicize Goth"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gothicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gothicizing (?).] To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism. G\'94thite, or Goethite G\'94"thite, or Goe"thite (, n. [After the poet G\'94the.] (Min.) A hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also massive, with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The color varies from yellowish to blackish brown. Gotten Got"ten (?), p. p. of Get. Gouache Gouache (?), n. [F., It. guazzo.] A method of painting with opaque colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted. Goud Goud (?), n. [Cf. OF. gaide, F. gu\'8ade, fr. OHG. weit; or cf. F. gaude weld. Cf. Woad.] Woad. [Obs.] Goudron Gou`dron" (?), n. [F., tar.] (Mil.) a small fascine or fagot, steeped in wax, pitch, and glue, used in various ways, as for igniting buildings or works, or to light ditches and ramparts. Farrow. Gouge Gouge (?), n. [F. gouge. LL. gubia, guvia, gulbia, gulvia, gulvium; cf. Bisc. gubia bow, gubioa throat.] 1. A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for scooping or cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood, stone, etc.; a similar instrument, with curved edge, for turning wood. 2. A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a face which forms a curve. _________________________________________________________________ Page 641 3. An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, etc.. from leather, paper, etc. Knight. 4. (Mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein aud the solid vein. Raymond. 5. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge; a groove or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge. 6. Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a trickish person. [Slang, U. S.] Gouge bit, a boring bit, shaped like a gouge. Bouge Bouge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gouged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gouging (?).] 1. To scoop out with a gouge. 2. To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out the eye of (a person) with the thumb. [K S.] NOTE: &hand; A ba rbarity me ntioned by some travelers as formerly practiced in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the United States. 3. To cheat in a bargain; to chouse. [Slang, U. S.] Gouger Gou"ger (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Plum Gouger. Gougeshell Gouge"shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell, of the genus Vermetus; also, the pinna. See Vermetus. Goujere Gou"jere (?), n. [F. gouge prostitute, a camp trull. Cf. Good-year.] The venereal disease. [Obs.] Gouland Gou"land (?), n. See Golding. Goulards extract Gou*lard"s" ex"tract" (?). [Named after the introducer, Thomas Goulard, a French surgeon.] (Med.) An aqueous solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a lotion in cases of inflammation. Goulard's cerate is a cerate containing this extract. Gour Gour (?), n. [See Giaour.] 1. A fire worshiper; a Gheber or Gueber. Tylor. 2. (Zo\'94l.) See Koulan. Goura Gou"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of large, crested ground pigeons of the genus Goura, inhabiting New Guinea and adjacent islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon (Goura Victoria) and the crowned pigeon (G. coronata) are among the beat known species. Gourami Gou"ra*mi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A very largo East Indian freshwater fish (Osphromenus gorami), extensively reared in artificial ponds in tropical countries, and highly valued as a food fish. Many unsuccessful efforts have been made to introduce it into Southern Europe. [Written also goramy.] Gourd Gourd (?), n. [F. gourde, OF. cougourde, gouhourde, fr. L. cucurbita gourd (cf. NPr. cougourdo); perh. akin to corbin basket, E. corb. Cf. Cucurbite.] 1. (Bot.) A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order Cucurbitace\'91; and especially the bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) which occurs in a great variety of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes. 2. A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd; hence, a drinking vessel; a bottle. Chaucer. Bitter gourd, colocynth. Gourd Gourd, n. A false die. See Gord. Gourd, Gourde Gourd, Gourde n. [Sp. gordo large.] A silver dollar; -- so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc. Simmonds. Gourdiness Gourd"i*ness (?), n. [From Gourdy.] (Far.) The state of being gourdy. Gourd tree Gourd" tree" (?). (Bot.) A tree (the Crescentia Cujete, or calabash tree) of the West Indies and Central America. Gourdworm Gourd"worm" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The fluke of sheep. See Fluke. Gourdy Gourd"y (?), a. [Either fr. gourd, or fr. F. gourd benumbed.] (Far.) Swelled in the legs. Gourmand Gour"mand (?), n. [F.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See Gormand. That great gourmand, fat Apicius B. Jonson. Gourmet Gour"met" (?), n. [F.] A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an epicure. Gournet Gour"net (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish. See Gurnet. Gout Gout (?), n. [F. goutte a drop, the gout, the disease being considered as a defluxion, fr. L. gutta drop.] 1. A drop; a clot or coagulation. On thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood. Shak. 2. (Med.) A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms. It constists in an inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of the joints, and almost always attacks first the great toe, next the smaller joints, after which, it may attack the greater articulations. It is attended with various sympathettic phenomena, particularly in the digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the stomach, the intestines, etc. Dunglison. 3. A disease of cornstalks. See Corn fly, under Corn. Cout stones. See Chalkstone, n., 2. Co\'96t Co\'96t (?), n. [F., fr. L. gustus taste. See Gusto.] Taste; relish. Goutily Gout"i*ly (?), adv. In a gouty manner. Goutiness Gout"i*ness, n. The state of being gouty; gout. Goutweed Gout"weed` (, Gout"wort` (?) n. [So called from having been formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.] (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (\'92gopodium Podagraria); -- called also bishop's weed, ashweed, and herb gerard. Gouty Gout"y (?), a. 1. Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; as, a gouty person; a gouty joint. 2. Pertaining to the gout. "Gouty matter." Blackmore. 3. Swollen, as if from gout. Derham. 4. Boggy; as, gouty land. [Obs.] Spenser. Gouty bronchitis, bronchitis arising as a secondary disease during the progress of gout. -- Gouty concretions, calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout. -- Gouty kidney, an affection occurring during the progress of gout, the kidney shriveling and containing concretions of urate of sodium. Gove Gove (?), n. [Also goaf, goof, goff.] A mow; a rick for hay. [Obs.] Tusser. Govern Gov"ern (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Governed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Governing.] [OF. governer, F. gouverner, fr. L. gubernare to steer, pilot, govern, Gr. Gubernatorial.] 1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority. "Fit to govern and rule multitudes." Shak. 2. To regulate; to influence; to direct; to restrain; to manage; as, to govern the life; to govern a horse. Govern well thy appetite. Milton. 3. (Gram.) To require to be in a particular case; as, a transitive verb governs a noun in the objective case; or to require (a particular case); as, a transitive verb governs the objective case. Govern Gov"ern, v. i. To exercise authority; to administer the laws; to have the control. Dryden. Governability Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Governableness. Governable Gov"ern*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gouvernable.] Capable of being governed, or subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient. Locke. Governableness Gov"ern*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being governable; manageableness. Governal, Governail Gov"ern*al (?), Gov"ern*ail (, n. [Cf. F. gouvernail helm, rudder, L. gubernaculum.] Management; mastery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Governance Gov"ern*ance (?), n. [F. gouvernance.] Exercise of authority; control; government; arrangement. Chaucer. J. H. Newman. Governante Gov"ern*ante" (?), n. [F. gouvernante. See Govern.] A governess. Sir W. Scott. Governess Gov"ern*ess (?), n. [Cf. OF. governeresse. See Governor.] A female governor; a woman invested with authority to control and direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction of children, -- usually in their homes. Governing Gov"ern*ing, a. 1. Holding the superiority; prevalent; controlling; as, a governing wind; a governing party in a state. Jay. 2. (Gram.) Requiring a particular case. Government Gov"ern*ment (?), n. [F. gouvernement. See Govern.] 1. The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the administration of laws; control; direction; regulation; as, civil, church, or family government. 2. The mode of governing; the system of polity in a state; the established form of law. That free government which we have so dearly purchased, free commonwealth. Milton. 3. The right or power of governing; authority. I here resign my goverment to thee. Shak. 4. The person or persons authorized to administer the laws; the ruling powe; the administratian. When we, in England, speak of the government, we generally understand the ministers of the crown for the time being. Mozley & W. 5. The body politic governed by one authority; a state; as, the governments of Europe. 6. Management of the limbs or body. Shak. 7. (Gram.) The influence of a word in regard to construction, requiring that another word should be in a particular case. Governmental Gov"ern*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. gouveernemental.] Pertaining to government; made by government; as, governmental duties. Governor Gov"ern*or (?), n. [OE. governor, governour, OF. governeor, F. gouverneur, fr. L. gubernator steersman, ruler, governor. See Govern.] 1. One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the supreme executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; as, the governor of Pennsylvania. "The governor of the town." Shak. 2. One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a tutor; a guardian. 3. (Naut.) A pilot; a steersman. [R.] 4. (Mach.) A contrivance applied to steam engines, water wheels, and other machinery, to maintain nearly uniform speed when the resistances and motive force are variable. CAPTION: NOTE: &hand; Th e il lustration sh ows a form of governor commonly used for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (a) sliding on a rapidly revolving spindle (b), driven by the engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed varies, by the changing centrifugal force of two balls (c c) to which it is connected by links (d d), the balls being attached to arms (e e) which are jointed to the top of the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle valve or cut-off through a lever (f), and its motion produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs too slowly and a less supply when too fast. Governor cut-off (Steam Engine), a variable cut-off gear in which the governor acts in such a way as to cause the steam to be cut off from entering the cylinder at points of the stroke dependent upon the engine's speed. -- Hydraulic governor (Mach.), a governor which is operated by the action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract. Governor general Gov"ern*or gen"er*al (?). A governor who has lieutenant or deputy governors under him; as, the governor general of Canada, of India. Governorship Gov"ern*or*ship, n. The office of a governor. Gowan Gow"an (?), n. [Scot., fr. Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.] 1. The daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.] And pu'd the gowans fine. Burns. 2. (Min.) Decomposed granite. Gowany Gow"an*y (?), a. Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies. [Scot.] Sweeter than gowany glens or new-mown hay. Ramsay. Gowd Gowd (?), n. [Cf. Gold.] Gold; wealth. [Scot.] The man's the gowd for a' that. Burns. Gowden Gowd"en (?), a. Golden. [Scot.] Gowdie Gow"die (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Dragont. [Scot.] Gowdnook Gowd"nook" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The saury pike; -- called also gofnick. Gowk Gowk (?), v. t. [See Gawk.] To make a, booby of one); to stupefy. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Gowk Gowk, n. [See Gawk.] (Zo\'94l.) 1. The European cuckoo; -- called also gawky. 2. A simpleton; a gawk or gawky. Gowl Gowl (?), v. i. [OE. gaulen, goulen. Cf. Yawl, v. i.] To howl. [Obs.] Wyclif. Gown Gown (?), n. [OE. goune, prob. from W. gwn gown, loose robe, akin to Ir. gunn, Gael. g\'97n; cf. OF. gone, prob. of the same origin.] 1. A loose, flowing upper garment; especially: (a) The ordinary outer dress of a woman; as, a calico or silk gown. (b) The official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in distinction from military. He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield. Dryden. (c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown. 2. Any sort of dress or garb. He comes . . . in the gown of humility. Shak. Gowned Gowned (?), p. a. Dressed in a gown; clad. Gowned in pure white, that fitted to the shape. Tennyson. Gownsman, Gownman Gowns"man (?), Gown"man (, n.; pl. -men (-men). One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of an English university; hence, a civilian, in distinction from a soldier. Gozzard Goz"zard (?), n. See Gosherd. [Prov. Eng.] Graafian Graaf"i*an (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier de Graaf, a Dutch physician. Graafian follicles or vesicles, small cavities in which the ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by the bursting of which they are discharged. Graal Graal (?), n. See Grail., a dish. Grab Grab (?), n. [Ar. & Hind. ghur crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.] (Naut.) A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts. Grab Grab (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbing.] [Akin to Sw. grabba to grasp. Cf. Grabble, Grapple, Grasp.] To gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch. Grab Grab, n. 1. A sudden grasp or seizure. 2. An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising them; -- specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven. Grab hag, at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum. [Colloq.] -- Grab game, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece of property. [Colloq.] Grabber Grab"ber (?), n. One who seizes or grabs. Grabble Grab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbling (.] [Freq. of grab; cf. D. grabbelen.] 1. To grope; to feel with the hands. He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a grabbling and fumbling. Selden. 2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to grovel. Ainsworth. Grace Grace (?), n. [F. gr\'83ce, L. gratia, from gratus beloved, dear, agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. hary to desire, and E. yearn. Cf. Grateful, Gratis.] 1. The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred. To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee. Milton. 2. (Theol.) The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor. And if by grace, then is it no more of works. Rom. xi. 6. My grace is sufficicnt for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9. Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound. Rom. v. 20. By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand. Rom. v.2 3. (Law) (a) The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as pardon. (b) The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable relief through chancery. 4. Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with hard or sorry when it means misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer. 5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or benefit. He is complete in feature and in mind. With all good grace to grace a gentleman. Shak. I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of those graces which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing. Blair. _________________________________________________________________ Page 642 6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of form. Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them longer, than any thing else. Hazlitt. I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the grace of the gift. Longfellow. 7. pl. (Myth.) Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love, and social intercourse. The Graces love to weave the rose. Moore. The Loves delighted, and the Graces played. Prior. 8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England. How fares your Grace ! Shak. 9. (Commonly pl.) Thanks. [Obs.] Yielding graces and thankings to their lord Melibeus. Chaucer. 10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered, before or after a meal. 11. pl. (Mus.) Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced by the performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the notation signs are called grace notes, appeggiaturas, turns, etc. 12. (Eng. Universities) An act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution; a degree or privilege conferred by such vote or decree. Walton. 13. pl. A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also grace hoop or hoops. Act of grace. See under Act. -- Day of grace (Theol.), the time of probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be accepted. That day of grace fleets fast away. I. Watts. -- Days of grace (Com.), the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States, the days of grace are three, but in some countries more, the usages of merchants being different. -- Good graces, favor; friendship. -- Grace cup. (a) A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after grace. (b) A health drunk after grace has been said. The grace cup follows to his sovereign's health. Hing. -- Grace drink, a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup. To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the grace drink, she having established it as a rule at her table, that whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper. Encyc. Brit. -- Grace hoop, a hoop used in playing graces. See Grace, n., 13. -- Grace note (Mus.), an appoggiatura. See Appoggiatura, and def. 11 above. -- Grace stroke, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace. -- Means of grace, means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc. -- To do grace, to reflect credit upon. Content to do the profession some grace. Shak. -- To say grace, to render thanks before or after a meal. -- With a good grace, in a fit and proper manner grace fully; graciously. -- With a bad grace, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner; ungraciously. What might have been done with a good grace would at least be done with a bad grace. Macaulay. Syn. -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy. -- Grace, Mercy. These words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive and peculiar meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the grace of God that opened a way for the exercise of mercy toward men. See Elegance. Grace Grace (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gracing (?).] 1. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify. Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line. Pope. We are graced with wreaths of victory. Shak. 2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor. He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom he would in court. Knolles. 3. To supply with heavenly grace. Bp. Hall. 4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to. Graced Graced (?), a. Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable. Shak. Graceful Grace"ful (?), a. Displaying grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy; agreeable in appearance; as, a graceful walk, deportment, speaker, air, act, speech. High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode. Dryden. -- Grace"ful*ly, adv. Grace"ful*ness, n. Graceless Grace"less, a. 1. Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt. "In a graceless age." Milton. 2. Unfortunate. Cf. Grace, n., 4. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Grace"less*ly, adv. -- Grace"less-ness, n. Gracile, Gracillent Grac"ile (?), Grac"il*lent (?) a. [L. gracilis, gracilentus.] Slender; thin. [Obs.] Bailey. Gracility Gra*cil"i*ty (?), n. [L. gracilitas; cf. F. gracilit\'82.] State of being gracilent; slenderness. Milman. "Youthful gracility." W. D. Howells. Gracious Gra"cious (?), a. [F. gracieux, L. gratiosus. See Grace.] 1. Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love,. or bestowing mercy; characterized by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor; condescending; as, his most gracious majesty. A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful. Neh. ix. 17. So hallowed and so gracious in the time. Shak. 2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful; excellent. Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . . There was not such a gracious creature born. Shak. 3. Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the divine influence; as, gracious affections. Syn. -- Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent; benignant; merciful. Graciously Gra"cious*ly (?), adv. 1. In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly. Dryden. 2. Fortunately; luckily. [Obs.] Chaucer. Graciousness Gra"cious*ness, n. Quality of being gracious. Grackle Grac"kle (?), n. [Cf. L. graculus jackdaw.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of several American blackbirds, of the family Icterid\'91; as, the rusty grackle (Scolecophagus Carolinus); the boat-tailed grackle (see Boat-tail); the purple grackle (Quiscalus quiscula, or Q. versicolor). See Crow blackbird, under Crow. (b) An Asiatic bird of the genus Gracula. See Myna. Gradate Gra"date (?), v. t. [See Grade.] 1. To grade or arrange (parts in a whole, colors in painting, etc.), so that they shall harmonize. 2. (Chem.) To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration; as, to gradate a saline solution. Gradation Gra*da"tion (?), n., [L. gradatio: cf. F. gradation. See Grade.] 1. The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state of being graded or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of castes. 2. The act or process of bringing to a certain grade. 3. Any degree or relative position in an order or series. The several gradations of the intelligent universe. I. Taylor. 4. (Fine Arts) A gradual passing from one tint to another or from a darker to a lighter shade, as in painting or drawing. 6. (Mus.) A diatonic ascending or descending succession of chords. Gradation Gra*da"tion, v. t. To form with gradations. [R.] Gradational Gra*da"tion*al (?), a. By regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to gradation. Gradatory Grad"a*to*ry (?), a. [See Grade.] 1. Proceeding step by step, or by gradations; gradual. Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on their progress . . . could this gradatory apostasy have been shown us. A. Seward. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Suitable for walking; -- said of the limbs of an animal when adapted for walking on land. Gradatory Grad"a*to*ry, n. [Cf. LL. gradatarium.] (Arch.) A series of steps from a cloister into a church. Grade Grade (?), n. [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to step, go. Cf. Congress, Degree, Gradus.] 1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, grades of military rank; crimes of every grade; grades of flour. They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure, teachers of every grade. Buckle. 2. In a railroad or highway: (a) The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane; -- usually stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of horizontal distance; as, a heavy grade; a grade of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264. (b) A graded ascending, descending, or level portion of a road; a gradient. 3. (Stock Breeding) The result of crossing a native stock with some better breed. If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the better blood, it is called high grade. At grade, on the same level; -- said of the crossing of a railroad with another railroad or a highway, when they are on the same level at the point of crossing. -- Down grade, a descent, as on a graded railroad. -- Up grade, an ascent, as on a graded railroad. -- Equating for grades. See under Equate. -- Grade crossing, a crossing at grade. Grade Grade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grading.] 1. To arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality, rank, etc. 2. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent, as the line of a canal or road. 3. (Stock Breeding) To cross with some better breed; to improve the blood of. Gradely Grade"ly, a. [Cf. AS. grad grade, step, order, fr. L. gradus. See Grade.] Decent; orderly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- adv. Decently; in order. [Prov. Eng.] Grader Grad"er (?), n. One who grades, or that by means of which grading is done or facilitate. <-- 2. A vehicle used for levelling earth, esp. one with a plow blade suspended from the center, used specifically for grading roads. --> Gradient Gra"di*ent (?), a. [L. gradiens, p. pr. of gradi to step, to go. See Grade.] 1. Moving by steps; walking; as, gradient automata. Wilkins. 2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; as, the gradient line of a railroad. 3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birsds. Gradient Gra"di*ent, n. 1. The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade. 2. A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a portion of a way not level; a grade. 3. The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the curve which represents it; as, a thermometric gradient. Gradient post, a post or stake indicating by its height or by marks on it the grade of a railroad, highway, or embankment, etc., at that spot. Gradin, Gradine Gra"din (?), Gra*dine" (?), n. [F. gradin, dim. of grade. See Grade.] (Arch.) Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the like; a set raised over another. "The gradines of the amphitheeater." Layard. Gradine Gra*dine" (?), n. [F. gradine.] A toothed chised by sculptors. Grading Grad"ing (?), n. The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of bringing, as the surface of land or a road, to the desired level or grade. Gradino Gra*di"no (?), n.; pl. Gradinos (#). [It.] (Arch.) A step or raised shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf. Superaltar, and Gradin. Gradual Grad"u*al" (?); a. [Cf; F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Gradual, n.] Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from one state to another; regularly progressive; slow; as, a gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual decline. Creatures animate with gradual life Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in man. Milton. Gradual Grad"u*al, n. [LL. graduale a gradual (in sense 1), fr. L. gradus step: cf. F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Grail a gradual.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps. (b) A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass. 2. A series of steps. [Obs.] Dryden. Graduality Grad"u*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being gradual; gradualness. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Gradually Grad"u*al*ly (?), adv. 1. In a gradual manner. 2. In degree. [Obs.] Human reason doth not only gradually, but specifically, differ from the fantastic reason of brutes. Grew. Gradualness Grad"u*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being gradual; regular progression or gradation; slowness. The gradualness of this movement. M. Arnold. The gradualness of growth is a characteristic which strikes the simplest observer. H. Drummond. Graduate Grad"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graduated (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Graduating (.] [Cf. F. graduer. See Graduate, n., Grade.] 1. To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or rewards, etc. 2. To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in a college or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma; as, he was graduated at Yale College. 3. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of; as, to graduate the heat of an oven. Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts. Browne. 4. (Chem.) To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid. Graduating engine, a dividing engine. See Dividing engine, under Dividing. Graduate Grad"u*ate, v. i. 1. To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as, sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes graduates into quartz. 2. (Zo\'94l.) To taper, as the tail of certain birds. 3. To take a degree in a college or university; to become a graduate; to receive a diploma. He graduated at Oxford. Latham. He was brought to their bar and asked where he had graduated. Macaulay. Graduate Grad"u*ate (?), n. [LL. graduatus, p. p. of graduare to admit to a degree, fr. L. gradus grade. See Grade, n.] 1. One who has received an academical or professional degree; one who has completed the prescribed course of study in any school or institution of learning. 2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by apothecaries and chemists. See under Graduated. Graduate Grad"u*ate, a. [See Graduate, n. & v.] Arrangei by successive steps or degrees; graduated. Beginning with the genus, passing through all the graduate and subordinate stages. Tatham. Graduated Grad"u*a"ted (?), a. 1. Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into grades. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Tapered; -- said of a bird's tail when the outer feathers are shortest, and the others successively longer. Graduated tube, bottle, cap, OR glass, a vessel, usually of glass, having horizontal marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the amount of the contents at the several levels. -- Graduated spring (Railroads), a combination of metallic and rubber springs. Graduateship Grad"u*ate*ship, n. State of being a graduate. Milton. Graduation Grad"u*a"tion (?), n. [LL. graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F. graduation division into degrees.] 1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as, graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color; graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc. 2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or quantity; a scale. 3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to hasten its evaporation. Graduator Grad"u*a"tor (?), n. 1. One who determines or indicates graduation; as, a graduator of instruments. 2. An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small, regular intervals. 3. An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or vinegar, over a large surface, for exposure to the air. Gradus Gra"dus (?), n. [From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.] A dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or Latin poetry. He set to work . . . without gradus or other help. T. Hughes. Graf Graf (?), n. [G. Cf. -grave.] A German title of nobility, equivalent to earl in English, or count in French. See Earl. Graff Graff (?), n. [OE. grafe, greife, greive. Cf. Margrave.] A steward; an overseer. [A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or graff, and not the head, which is a title belonging only to Christ. John Knox. Graff Graff n. & v. See Graft. Graffage Graff"age (?), n. [Cf. Grave, n.] The scarp of a ditch or moat. "To clean the graffages." Miss Mitford. Graffer Graf"fer (?), n. [See Greffier.] (Law.) a notary or scrivener. Bowvier. <-- p. 643 --> Graffiti Graf*fi"ti (?), n. pl. [It., pl. of graffito scratched] Inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of ancient sepulchers or ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at Pompeii. Graft Graft (?), n. [OE. graff, F. greffe, originally the same word as OF. grafe pencil, L. graphium, Gr. carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Cf. Graphic, Grammar.] (a) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit. (b) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot. (c) (Surg.) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty. Graft Graft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grafting.] [F. greffer. See Graft, n.] 1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon. [Formerly written graff.] 2. (Surg.) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union. 3. To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union. And graft my love immortal on thy fame ! Pope. 4. (Naut.) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope-yarns. Graft Graft, v. i. To insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting. Grafter Graft"er (?), n. 1. One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit by ingrafting. 2. An instrument by which grafting is facilitated. 3. The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting upon another tree. Shak. Grafting Graft"ing n. 1. (Hort.) The act, art, or process of inserting grafts. 2. (Naut.) The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end, etc. 3. (Surg.) The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty. 4. (Carp.) A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another. Cleft grafting (Hort.) a method of grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a manaer that its bark evenly joins that of the stock. -- Crown, OR Rind, grafting, a method of grafting which the alburnum and inner bark are separated, and between them is inserted the lower end of the scion cut slantwise. -- Saddle grafting, a mode of grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made wedge-shaped to fit the cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it saddlewise. -- Side grafting, a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very obliquely, so as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust down inside of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is inserted, the cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock. -- Skin grafting. (Surg.) See Autoplasty. -- Splice grafting (Hort.), a method of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or otherwise. -- Whip grafting, tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting, except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the sloping surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put together, the tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the other. -- Grafting scissors, a surgeon's scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc. -- Grafting tool. (a) Any tool used in grafting. (b) A very strong curved spade used in digging canals. -- Grafting wax, a composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used in binding up the wounds of newly grafted trees. Graham bread Gra"ham bread" (?). [From Sylvester Graham, a lecturer on dietetics.] Bread made of unbolted wheat flour. [U. S.] Bartlett. Grahamite Gra"ham*ite (?), n. [See Graham bread.] One who follows the dietetic system of Graham. [U. S.] Grail Grail (?), n. [OF. greel, LL. gradale. See Gradual, n.] A book of offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual. [Obs.] T. Warton. Such as antiphonals, missals, grails, processionals, etc. Strype. Grail Grail, n. [OF. graal, greal, greet, F. graal, gr?al, LL. gradalis, gradale, prob. derived fr. L. crater bowl, mixing vessel, Gr. krath`r. See Crater.] A broad, open dish; a chalice; -- only used of the Holy Grail. NOTE: &hand;The Holy Grail, according to some legends of the Middle Ages, was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing the wine at the last supper; and according to others, the platter on which the paschal lamb was served at the last Passover observed by our Lord. This cup, according to the legend, if appoached by any but a perfectly pure and holy person, would be borne away and vanish from the sight. The quest of the Holy Grail was to be undertaken only by a knight who was perfectly chaste in thought, word, and act. Grail Grail, n. [F. gr≖le hail, from gr\'90s grit, OHG. griex, grioz, G. gries, gravel, grit. See Grit.] Small particles of earth; gravel. [Obs.] Lying down upon the sandy grail. Spenser. Grail Grail (?), n. [Cf. OF. graite slender, F. gr≖te.] One of the small feathers of a hawk. Graille Graille (?), n. [Cf. F. gr≖le a sort of file.] A halfround single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face and one straight face, -- used by comb makers. Knight. Grain Grain, v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.] Grain Grain (?), n. [F. grain, L. granum, grain, seed, small kernel, small particle. See Corn, and cf. Garner, n., Garnet, Gram the chick-pea, Granule, Kernel.] 1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for food. 2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; -- used collectively. Storehouses crammed with grain. Shak. 3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence, any minute portion or particle; as, a grain of gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of wit, etc. I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved. Milton. 4. The unit of the English system of weights; -- so called because considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See Gram. 5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to Tyrian purple. All in a robe of darkest grain. Milton. Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of crimson in grain. Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection. 6. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain. Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. Dryden. 7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc. Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the sound pine and divert his grain Tortive and errant from his course of growth. Shak. 8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous material. 9. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side. Knight. 10. pl. The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called draff. 11. (Bot.) A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the common dock. See Grained, a., 4. 12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.] Brothers . . . not united in grain. Hayward. 13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.] He cheweth grain and licorice, To smellen sweet. Chaucer. Against the grain, against or across the direction of the fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty. Swift.Saintsbury.-- A grain of allowance, a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance. -- Grain binder, an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain into sheaves. -- Grain colors, dyes made from the coccus or kermes in sect. -- Grain leather. (a) Dressed horse hides. (b) Goat, seal, and other skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes, etc. -- Grain moth (Zo\'94l.), one of several small moths, of the family Tineid\'91 (as Tinea granella and Butalis cereAlella), whose larv\'91 devour grain in storehouses. -- Grain side (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from which the hair has been removed; -- opposed to flesh side. -- Grains of paradise, the seeds of a species of amomum. -- grain tin, crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with charcoal. -- Grain weevil (Zo\'94l.), a small red weevil (Sitophilus granarius), which destroys stored wheat and othar grain, by eating out the interior. -- Grain worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the grain moth. See grain moth, above. -- In grain, of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine. "Anguish in grain." Herbert.-- To dye in grain, to dye of a fast color by means of the coccus or kermes grain [see Grain, n., 5]; hence, to dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See under Dye. The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . Likce crimson dyed in grain. Spenser. -- To go against the grain of (a person), to be repugnant to; to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble. Grain Grain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Graining.] 1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc. 2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains. 3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of (leather, etc.). Grain Grain, v. i. [F. grainer, grener. See Grain, n.] 1. To yield fruit. [Obs.] Gower. 2. To form grains, or to assume a granular ferm, as the result of crystallization; to granulate. Grain Grain (?), n. [See Groin a part of the body.] 1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant. [Obs.] G. Douglas. 2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically: (a) One the branches of a valley or of a river. (b) pl. An iron first speak or harpoon, having four or more barbed points. 3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc. 4. (Founding) A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady a core. Grained Grained (?), a. 1. Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains; showing the grain; hence, rough. 2. Dyed in grain; ingrained. Persons lightly dipped, not grained, in generous honesty, are but pale in goodness. Sir T. Browne. 3. Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc. 4. (Bot.) Having tubercles or grainlike processes, as the petals or sepals of some flowers. Grainer Grain"er (?), n. 1. An infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to neutralize the effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; -- called also grains and bate. 2. A knife for taking the hair off skins. 3. One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.; also, the brush or tool used in graining. Grainfield Grain"field` (?), n. A field where grain is grown. Graining Grain"ing, n. 1. Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins. Locke. 2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is softened and the grain raised. 3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood, atone, etc. 4. (Soap Making) The process of separating soap from spent lye, as with salt. Graining Grain"ing, n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus vulgaris); - called also dobule, and dace. Grains Grains (?), n. pl. 1. See 5th Grain, n., 2 (b). 2. Pigeon's dung used in tanning. See Grainer. n., 1. Grainy Grain"y (?), a. Resembling grains; granular. Graip Graip (?), n. [Perh. akin to grope, gripe.] A dungfork. [Scot.] Burns. Graith Graith (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Greith. Chaucer. Graith Graith, n. Furniture; apparatus or accouterments for work, traveling, war, etc. [Scot.] Jamieson. Grakle Gra"kle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grackle. Grall\'91 Gral"l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. grallae stilts, for gradulae, fr. gradus. See Grade.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds which formerly included all the waders. By later writers it is usually restricted to the sandpipers, plovers, and allied forms; -- called also Grallatores. Grallatores Gral"la*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL. from L. grallator one who runs on stilts.] (Zoöl.) See Grall\'91. Grallatorial, Grallatory Gral`la*to"ri*al (?), Gral"la*to*ry (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Grallatores, or waders. Grallic Gral"lic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Grall\'91. Gralline Gral"line (l&imac;n), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Grall\'91. Gralloch Gral"loch (?), n. Offal of a deer. -- v. t. To remove the offal from (a deer). -gram -gram (?). [Gr. ? a thing drawn or written, a letter, fr. gra`fein to draw, write. See Graphic.] A suffix indicating something drawn or written, a drawing, writing; -- as, monogram, telegram, chronogram. Gram Gram (?), a. [AS. gram; akin to E. grim. &root;35.] Angry. [Obs.] Havelok, the Dane. Gram Gram, n. [Pg. gr?o grain. See Grain.] (Bot.) The East Indian name of the chick-pea (Cicer arietinum) and its seeds; also, other similar seeds there used for food. Gram, Gramme Gram, Gramme (?), n. [F. gramme, from Gr. ? that which is written, a letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write. See Graphic.] The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See Grain, n., 4. Gram degree, OR Gramme degree (Physics), a unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water one degree centigrade. -- Gram equivalent (Electrolysis), that quantity of the metal which will replace one gram of hydrogen. Grama grass Gra"ma grass` (?). [Sp. grama a sort of grass.] (Bot.) The name of several kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States, esp. the Bouteloua oligostachya. Gramarye Gram"a*rye (?), n. [OE. gramer, grameri, gramori, grammar, magic, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire. See Grammar.] Necromancy; magic. Sir W. Scott. Gramashes Gra*mash"es (?), n. pl. [See Gamashes.] Gaiters reaching to the knee; leggings. Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth. Sir W. Scott. Grame Grame (?), n. [See Gram, a.] 1. Anger; wrath; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Sorrow; grief; misery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gramercy Gra*mer"cy (?), interj. [F. grand-merci. See Grand, and Mercy.] A word formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise; many thanks. Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight. Spenser. _________________________________________________________________ Page 644 Graminaceous Gram"i*na"ceous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass.] Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous; as, graminaceous plants. Gramineal Gra*min"e*al (?), a. Gramineous. Gramineous Gra*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. gramineus, fr. gramen, graminis, grass.] (Bot.) Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See Grass, n., 2. Graminifolious Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Bearing leaves resembling those of grass. Graminivorous Gram"i*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said of horses, cattle, and other animals. Grammalogue Gram"ma*logue (?), n. [Gr. gra`mma letter + lo`gos word. Cf. Logogram.] (Phonography) Literally, a letter word; a word represented by a logogram; as, it, represented by |, that is, t. pitman. Grammar Gram"mar (?), n. [OE. gramere, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire Prob. fr. L. gramatica Gr Gramme, Graphic, and cf. Grammatical, Gramarye.] 1. The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use aud application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing. NOTE: &hand; The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence. Bain. 2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar. The original bad grammar and bad spelling. Macaulay. 3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing. 4. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar of geography. Comparative grammar, the science which determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms. -- Grammar school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby Grammar School. This use of the word is more common in England than in the United States. When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred families or householders, they shall set up a grammar school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the University. Mass. Records (1647). (b) In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the principles of English grammar are taught.<-- now = primary school --> Grammar Gram"mar, v. i. To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Grammarian Gram*ma"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F. grammairien.] 1. One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist. NOTE: &hand; "T he te rm was used by the classic ancients as a term of honorable distinction for all who were considered learned in any art or faculty whatever." Brande & C. 2. One who writes on, or teaches, grammar. Grammarianism Gram*ma"ri*an*ism (?), n. The principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians. [R.] Grammarless Gram"mar*less (?), a. Without grammar. Grammates Gram"mates (?), n. pl. [From Gr. Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar. [Obs.] Ford. Grammatic Gram*mat"ic (?), a. Grammatical. Grammatical Gram*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. grammaticus, grammaticalis; Gr. grammatical. See Grammar.] 1. Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as, a grammatical rule. 2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical. --Gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Gram*mat"ic*al*ness, n. Grammaticaster Gram*mat"icas"ter (?), n. [LL.] A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or pretender. My noble Neophite, my little grammaticaster. B. Jonson. Grammatication Gram*mat"i*ca"tion (?), n. A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule. [Obs.] Dalgarno. Grammaticism Gram*mat"i*cism (?), n. A point or principle of grammar. Abp. Leighton. Grammaticize Gram*mat"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grammaticized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grammaticizing (?).] To render grammatical. Fuller. Grammatist Gram"ma*tist (?), n. [L. grammatista schoolmaster, Gr. grammatiste. See Grammatical.] A petty grammarian. [R] Tooke. Gramme Gramme (?), n. Same as Gram the weight. Gramme machine Gramme" ma*chine" (?). (Elec.) A kind of dynamo-electric machine; -- so named from its French inventor, M. Gramme. Knight. Grampus Gram"pus (?), n.; pl. Grampuses (#). [Probably corrupted from It. gran pesce great fish, or Sp. gran pez, or Pg. gran peixe, all fr. L. grandis piscis. See Grand, and Fish. the animal.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, esp. G. griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called also cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii. 2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. [U.S.] Granade, Granado Gra*nade" (?), Gra*na"do (?), n. See Grenade. Granadilla Grana*dil"la (?), n. [Sp., dim. of granada pomegranate. See Grenade, Garnet.] (Bot.) The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp. Passiflora quadrangularis) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of Passiflora edulis is used for flavoring ices. Granary Gran"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Granaries (#). [L. granarium, fr. granum grain. See Garner.] A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is thrashed or husked; a cornbouse; also (Fig.), a region fertile in grain.<-- in this sense, equivalent to "breadbasket", used figuratively --> The exhaustless granary of a world. Thomson. Granate Gran"ate (?), n. See Garnet. Granatin Gra*na"tin (?), n. [L. granatum the pomegranate.] (Chem.) Mannite; -- so called because found in the pomegranate. Granatite Gran"a*tite (?), n. See Staurolite. Grand Grand (?), a. [Compar. Grander (?); superl. Grandest.] [OE. grant, grount, OF. grant, F. grand, fr. L. grandis; perh. akin to gravis heavy, E. grave, a. Cf. Grandee.] 1. Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a grand mountain; a grand army; a grand mistake. "Our grand foe, Satan." Milton. Making so bold . . . to unseal Their grand commission. Shak. 2. Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of things); as, a grand monarch; a grand lord; a grand general; a grand view; a grand conception. They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached masters of the grand style. M. Arnold. 3. Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other persons or things of the same name; as, a grand lodge; a grand vizier; a grand piano, etc. 4. Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or descent; -- generalIy used in composition; as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc. What cause Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state, Favor'd of Heaven so highly, to fall off From their Creator. Milton. Grand action, a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer in striking and leaving the string. -- Grand Army of the Republic, an organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union army or navy during the civil war in the United States. The order has chapters, called Posts, throughout the country. -- Grand cross. (a) The highest rank of knighthood in the Order of the Bath. (b) A knight grand cross. -- Grand cordon, the cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds that grade. -- Grand days (Eng. Law), certain days in the terms which are observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas, Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also Dies non juridici. -- Grand duchess. (a) The wife or widow of a grand duke. (b) A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. (c) In Russia, a daughter of the Czar. -- Grand duke. (a) A sovereign duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. (b) In Russia, a son of the Czar. (c) (Zo\'94l.) The European great horned owl or eagle owl (Bubo maximas). -- Grand-guard, OR Grandegarde, a piece of plate armor used in tournaments as an extra protection for the left shoulder and breast. -- Grand juror, a member of a grand jury. -- Grand jury (Law), a jury of not less than twelve men, and not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private session, to examine into accusations against persons charged with crime, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of indictment against them, to be presented to the court; -- called also grand inquest. -- Grand juryman, a grand juror. -- Grand larceny. (Law) See under Larceny. -- Grand lodge, the chief lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons and other secret orders. -- Grand master. (a) The head of one of the military orders of knighthood, as the Templars, Hospitallers, etc. (b) The head of the order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc.<-- (c) The highest rank for a chess player, awarded by a national or international organization of chess players as a result of winning games of chess against other ranked players in chess tournaments officially sanctioned by that chess organization, such as FIDE. By extension, (Figuratively) a person with the highest level of expertise in some field. Also "grandmaster". --> -- Grand paunch, a glutton or gourmand. [Obs.] Holland. -- Grand pensionary. See under Pensionary. -- Grand piano (Mus.), a large piano, usually harp-shaped, in which the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing the power, and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective manner, regardless of the size of the instrument. -- Grand relief (Sculp.), alto relievo. -- Grand Seignior. See under Seignior. -- Grand stand, the principal stand, or erection for spectators, at a, race course, etc. -- Grand vicar (Eccl.), a principal vicar; an ecclesiastical delegate in France. -- Grand vizier. See under Vizier. Syn. -- Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble. -- Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. Grand, in reference to objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; magnificent is applied to anything which is imposing from its splendor; sublime describes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is grand; a rich and varied landscape is magnificent; an overhanging precipice is sublime. "Grandeur admits of degrees and modifications; but magnificence is that which has already reached the highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the object in question." Crabb. Grandam Gran"dam (?), n. [F. grande, fem. of grand + dame. See Grand, and Dame.] An old woman; specifically, a grandmother. Shak. Grandaunt Grand"aunt" (?), n. [Cf. F. grand'tante.] The aunt of one's father or mother. Grandchild Grand"child" (?), n. A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second degree of descent. Granddaughter Grand"daugh"ter (?), n. The daughter of one's son or daughter. Grandee Gran*dee" (?), n. [Sp. grande. See Grand.] A man of elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who may be covered in the king's presence. Grandeeship Gran*dee"ship, n. The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship. H. Swinburne. Grandeur Gran"deur (?), n. [F., fr. grand. See Grand.] The state or quality of being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor; magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of thought or expression; nobility of action. Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury . . . allure mine eye. Milton. Syn. -- Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness. See Sublimity. Grandevity Gran*dev"i*ty (?), n. [L. grandaevitas.] Great age; long life. [Obs.] Glanvill. Grandevous Gran*de"vous (?), a. [L. grandaevus; grandig grand+ aevum lifetime, age.] Of great age; aged; longlived. [R.] Bailey. Grand-ducal Grand"-du"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a grand duke. H. James. Grandfather Grand"fa"ther (?), n. A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent. Grandfather longlegs. (Zo\'94l.) See Dady longlegs. Grandfatherly Grand"fa"ther*ly, a. Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind; benignant; indulgent. He was a grandfatherly sort of personage. Hawthorne. Grandific Gran*dif"ic (?), a. [L. grandificus; grandis grand + facere to make.] Making great. [R.] Bailey. Grandiloquence Gran*dil"o*quence (?), n. The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; -- usually in a bad sense. The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking. Thackeray, Grandiloquent Gran*dil"o*quent (?), a. [L. grandis grand + logui to speak.] Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic. Grandiloquous Gran*dil"o*quous (?), a. [L. grandiloquus; grandis grand + loqui to apeak.] Grandiloquent. Grandinous Gran"di*nous (?), a. [L. grandinosus, fr. qrando, grandinis, hail.] Consisting of hail; abounding in hail. [R.] Bailey. Grandiose Gran"di*ose" (?), a. [F. grandiose, It. grandioso. See Grand.] 1. Impressive or elevating in effect; vimposing; splendid; striking; -- in a good sense. The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not to impair the grandiose effect of the whole. M. Arnold. The grandiose red tulips which grow wild. C. Kingsley. 2. Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting; turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense; as, a grandiose style. Grandiosity Gran"di*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. grandiosit\'82, It. grandiosit\'85.] The state or quality of being grandiose, Grandity Grand"i*ty (?), n. [L. granditas: cf. OF. granit\'82. See Grand.] Grandness. [Obs.] Camden. Graudly Graud"ly, adv. In a grand manner. Grandma, Grandmamma Grand"ma" (?), Grand"mam*ma" (?), n. A grand mother. <-- Grandmaster. See grand master. --> Grand mercy Grand" mer"cy (?). See Gramercy. [Obs.] Grandmother Grand"moth"er (?), n. The mother of one's father or mother. Grandmotherly Grand"moth"er*ly, a. Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind; indulgent. Grandnephew Grand"neph"ew (?), n. The grandson of one's brother or sister. Grandness Grand"ness, n. Grandeur. Wollaston. Grandniece Grand"niece" (?), n. The granddaughter of one's brother or sister. Grandpa, Grandpapa Grand"pa" (?), Grand"pa*pa" (?), n. A grandfather. Grandsire Grand"sire" (?), n. [OF. grantsire. See Grand, and Sire.] Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor. Grandson Grand"son" (?), n. A son's or daughter's son. Graaduncle Graad"un"cle (?), n. [Cf. F. grand-oncle.] father's or mother's uncle. Grane Grane (?), v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.] Grange Grange (?), n. [F. grange barn, LL. granea, from L. granum grain. See Grain a kernel.] 1. A building for storing grain; a granary. [Obs.] Milton. 2. A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for farming purposes. And eke an officer out for to ride, To see her granges and her bernes wide. Chaucer. Nor burnt the grange, nor bussed the milking maid. Tennyson. 3. A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes, paid in grain, were deposited. [Obs.] 4. A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from neighbors. 5. An association of farmers, designed to further their interests, aud particularly to bring producers and consumers, farmers and manufacturers, into direct commercial relations, without intervention of middlemen or traders. The first grange was organized in 1867. [U. S.] Granger Gran"ger (?), n. 1. A farm steward. [Obs.] 2. A member of a grange. [U. S.] Grangerism Gran"ger*ism (?), n. [So called from the Rev. James Granger, whose "Biographical History of England" (1769) was a favorite book for illustration in this manner.] The practice of illustrating a particular book by engravings collected from other books. Grangerite Gran"ger*ite (?), n. One who collects illustrations from various books for the decoration of one book. Grangerize Gran"ger*ize (?), v. t. & i. To collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other books. G. A. Sala. Graniferous Gra*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. qranifer; granum grain + ferre to bear: cf. F. granif\'8are.] Bearing grain, or seeds like grain. Humble. Graniform Gran"i*form (?), a. [L. granum grain + -form; cf. F. graniforme.] Formed like of corn. Granilla Gra*nil"la (?), n. [Sp., small seed.] Small grains or dust of cochineal or the coccus insect. Granite Gran"ite (?), n. [It. granito granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of granire to make grainy, fr. L. granum grain; cf. F. granit. See Grain.] (Geol.) A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red color. It differs from gneiss in not having the mica in planes, and therefor in being destitute of a schistose structure. NOTE: &hand; Va rieties co ntaining hornblende are common. See also the Note under Mica. <-- p. 645 --> Gneissoid granite, granite in which the mica has traces of a regular arrangement. -- Graphic granite, granite consisting of quartz and feldspar without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in the transverse section like oriental characters. -- Porphyritic granite, granite containing feldspar in distinct crystals. -- Hornblende granite, or Syenitic granite, granite containing hornblende as well as mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende replacing the mica. -- Granite ware. (a) A kind of stoneware. (b) A Kind of ironware, coated with an enamel resembling granite. Granitic Gra*nit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. granitique.] 1. Like granite in composition, color, etc.; having the nature of granite; as, granitic texture. 2. Consisting of granite; as, granitic mountains. Granitical Gra*nit"ic*al (?), a. Granitic. Granitification Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Granite + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act or the process of forming into granite. Humble. Granitiform Gra*nit"i*form (?), a. [Granite + -form.] (Geol.) Resembling granite in structure or shape. Granitoid Gran"i*toid (?), a. [Granite + -oid: cf. F. granito\'8bde.] Resembling granite in granular appearance; as, granitoid gneiss; a granitoid pavement. Granivorous Gra*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. granum grain + vorare to devour: cf. F. granivore.] Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as, granivorous birds. <-- seed-eating. not same as graminivorous? = feeding on grass or the seeds of grass. latter is for beasts. --> Gay. Grannam Gran"nam (?), n. A grandam. [Colloq.] Granny Gran"ny (?), n. A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman. Granny's bend, OR Granny's knot (Naut.), a kind of insecure knot or hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way. Granolithic Gran`o*lith"ic (?), n. [L. granum a grain (or E. granite) + -lith + -ic.] A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements. Grant Grant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granted; p. pr. & vb. n. Granting.] [OE. graunten, granten, OF. graanter, craanter, creanter, to promise, yield, LL. creantare to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare to make believe, fr. L. credens, p. pr. of credere to believe. See Creed, Credit.] 1. To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the possession or title of; to convey; -- usually in answer to petition. Grant me the place of this threshing floor. 1 Chrcn. xxi. 22. 2. To bestow or confer, with or without compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request; to give. Wherefore did God grant me my request. Milton. 3. To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to yield belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede. Grant that the Fates have firmed by their decree. Dryden. Syn.-- To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit; allow; concede. See Give. Grant Grant, v. i. To assent; to consent. [Obs.] Chaucer. Grant Grant, n. [OE. grant, graunt, OF. graant, creant, promise, assurance. See Grant, v. t.] 1. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring; concession; allowance; permission. 2. The yielding or admission of something in dispute. 3. The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon. 4. (Law) A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, au appropriation or conveyance made by the government; as, a grant of land or of money; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is made. NOTE: &hand; Fo rmerly, in En glish law, the term was specifically applied to transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant estates, and letters patent from government and such is its present application in some of the United States. But now, in England the usual mode of transferring realty is by grant; and so, in some of the United States, the term grant is applied to conveyances of every kind of real property. Bouvier. Burrill. Grantable Grant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being granted. Grantee Gran*tee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made. His grace will not survive the poor grantee he despises. Burke. Granter Grant"er (?), n. One who grants. Grantor Grant"or (?), n. (Law) The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made. Granular Gran"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. granulaire. See Granule.] Consisting of, or resembling, grains; as, a granular substance. Granular limestone, crystalline limestone, or marble, having a granular structure. Granularly Gran"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a granular form. Granulary Gran"u*la*ry (?), a. Granular. Granulate Gran"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Granulating (?).] [See Granule.] 1. To form into grains or small masses; as, to granulate powder, sugar, or metal. 2. To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on the surface. Granulate Gran"u*late, v. i. To collect or be formed into grains; as, cane juice granulates into sugar. Granulate, Granulated Gran"u*late (?), Gran"u*la`ted (?), a. 1. Consisting of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains; granular; as, granulated sugar. 2. Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen. Granulated steel, a variety of steel made by a particular process beginning with the granulation of pig iron. Granulation Gran`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. granulation.] 1. The act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains; as, the granulation of powder and sugar. 2. The state of being granulated. 3. (Med.) (a) One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which form on a raw surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient agents in the process of healing. (b) The act or process of the formation of such prominences. Granule Gran"ule (?), n. [L. granulum, dim. of granum grain: cf. F. granule. See Grain a kernel.] A little grain a small particle; a pellet. Granuliferous Gran`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Granule + -ferous.] Full of granulations. Granuliform Gra*nu"li*form (?), a. [Granule + -form.] (Min.) Having a granular structure; granular; as, granuliform limestone. Granulite Gran"u*lite (?), n. [From Granule.] (Geol.) A whitish, granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately mixed; -- sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite. Granulose Gran"u*lose` (?), n. [From Granule.] (Physiol. Chem.) The main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction from the framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored blue by iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by boiling acids and amylolytic ferments. Granulous Gran"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. granuleux.] Full of grains; abounding with granular substances; granular. Grape Grape (?), n. [OF. grape, crape, bunch or cluster of grapes, F. grappe, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G. krapfen, akin to E. cramp. The sense seems to have come from the idea of clutching. Cf. Agraffe, Cramp, Grapnel, Grapple.] 1. (Bot.) A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for making wine and raisins. 2. (Bot.) The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine. 3. (Man.) A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse. 4. (Mil.) Grapeshot. Grape borer. (Zo\'94l.) See Vine borer. -- Grape curculio (Zo\'94l.), a minute black weevil (Craponius in\'91qualis) which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes. -- Grape flower, OR Grape hyacinth (Bot.), a liliaceous plant (Muscari racemosum) with small blue globular flowers in a dense raceme. -- Grape fungus (Bot.), a fungus (Oidium Tuckeri) on grapevines; vine mildew. -- Grape hopper (Zo\'94l.), a Small yellow and red hemipterous insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine. -- Grape moth (Zo\'94l.), a small moth (Eudemis botrana), which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes, and often binds them together with silk. -- Grape of a cannon, the cascabel or knob at the breech. -- Grape sugar. See Glucose. -- Grape worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the grape moth. -- Soar grapes, things which persons affect to despise because they can not possess them; -- in allusion to sop's fable of the fox and the grapes. Grape fruit Grape" fruit`. The shaddock. Grapeless Grape"less, a. Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes. Grapery Grap"er*y (?), n. A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes. Grapeshot Grape"shot` (?), n. (Mil.) A cluster, usually nine in number, of small iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top and bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas bags. Grapestone Grape"stone` (?), n. A seed of the grape. Grapevine Grape"vine` (?), n. (Bot.) A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus Vitis, having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called grapes. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon gr apevine of th e Ol d Wo rld is Vitis vinifera, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called Zante currants. The northern Fox grape of the United States is the V. Labrusca, from which, by cultivation, has come the Isabella variety. The southern Fox grape, or Muscadine, is the V. vulpina. The Frost grape is V. cordifolia, which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the early frosts. -graph -graph ( [From Gr. gra`fein to write. See Graphic.] A suffix signifying something written, a writing; also, a writer; as autograph, crystograph, telegraph, photograph. Graphic, Graphical Graph"ic (?), Graph"ic*al (?), a. [L. graphicus, Gr. graphique. See Graft.] 1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing. 2. Of or pertaining to the art of writing. 3. Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines. The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works, not graphical, or composed of letters. Sir T. Browne. 4. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described. 5. Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive description; vivid; as, a gruphic writer. Graphic algebra, a branch of algebra in which, the properties of equations are treated by the use of curves and straight lines. -- Graphic arts, a name given to those fine arts which pertain to the representation on a fiat surface of natural objects; as distinguished from music, etc., and also from sculpture. -- Graphic formula. (Chem.) See under Formula. -- Graphic granite. See under Granite. -- Graphic method, the method of scientific analysis or investigation, in which the relations or laws involved in tabular numbers are represented to the eye by means of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of weather by means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours of the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of temperature. -- Graphical statics (Math.), a branch of statics, in which the magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by straight lines -- Graphic tellurium. See Sylvanite.> Graphically Graph"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a graphic manner; vividly. Graphicness, Graphicalness Graph"ic*ness, Graph"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being graphic. Graphics Graph"ics (?), n. The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like. Graphiscope Graph"i*scope (?), n. See Graphoscope. Graphite Graph"ite (?), n. [Gr. graphite. See Graphic.] (Min.) Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or granular massive, of black color and metallic luster, and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils (improperly called lead pencils), for crucibles, and as a lubricator, etc. Often called plumbago or black lead. Graphite battery (Elec.), a voltaic battery consisting of zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other exciting liquid. Graphitic Gra*phit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or resembling, graphite. Graphitic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, so called because obtained by the oxidation of graphite; -- usually called mellitic acid. -- Graphitic carbon, in iron or steel, that portion of the carbon which is present as graphite. Raymond. Graphitoid, Graphitoidal Graph"i*toid (?), Graph"i*toid"al (?), a. Resembling graphite or plumbago. Grapholite Graph"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. grapholithe.] Any species of slate suitable to be written on. Graphology Gra*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. graphologie.] The art of judging of a person's character, disposition, and aptitude from his handwriting. Graphoscope Graph"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An optical instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one large lens and two smaller ones. Graphotype Graph"o*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] (Engraving) A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in relief. -graphy -gra*phy (?). [Gr. Graphic.] A suffix denoting the art of writing or describing; also, the writing or description itself; a treatise; as, calligraphy, biography, geography. Grapnel Grap"nel (?), n. [OE. grapenel, dim. fr. F. grappin the grapple of a ship; of German origin. See Grape.] (Naut.) A small anchor, with four or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence, any instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab; -- written also grapline, and crapnel. Grapple Grap"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grappled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grappling (?).] [F. grappiller, OF. graypil the grapple of a ship, fr. graper to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See Grape.] 1. To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to grapple an antagonist. 2. To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join indissolubly. The gallies were grappled to the Centurion. Hakluyt. Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel. Shak. Grapple Grap"ple, v. i. To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach one's self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize one another. To grapple with, to enter into contest with, resolutely and courageously. And in my standard bear the arms of York, To grapple with the house of Lancaster. Shak. Grapple Grap"ple, n. [See Grapple, v. t., and cf. Crapple.] 1. A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold. Milton. 2. (a) An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and holding fast to an object; a grab. (b) (Naut.) A grappling iron. The iron hooks and grapples keen. Spenser. Grapple plant (Bot.), a South African herb (Herpagophytum leptocarpum) having the woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by which they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance. -- Grapple shot (Life-saving Service), a projectile, to which are attached hinged claws to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; -- called also anchor shot. Grapplement Grapple*ment (?), n. A grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.] Spenser. _________________________________________________________________ Page 646 Grappling Grap"pling (?), n. 1. A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is seized and held, a grapnel. 2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in grappling for the bear. Dryden. Grappling iron, a hooked iron used for grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object. -- Grappling tongs, broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters. Grapsoid Grap"soid (?), a. [NL. Grapsus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the genus Grapsus or the family Grapsid\'91. -- n. A grapsoid crab. Graptolite Grap"to*lite (?), n. [NL, Graptolithus, from Gr. (Paleon.) One of numerous species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus Graptolites and allied genera, found in the Silurian rocks. They belong to an extinct group (Graptolithina) supposed to be hydroids. Graptolitic Grap"to*lit`ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; as, a graptolitic slate. Grapy Grap"y (?), a. Composed of, or resembling, grapes. The grapy clusters. Addison. Grasp Grasp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grasper (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Qraspine.] [OE. graspen; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. Grab, Grope.] 1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms; to catch to take possession of. Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer's staff. Shak. 2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend. Grasp Grasp, v. i. To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to clutch; to struggle; to strive. As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by strength subdued. Shak. To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander grasped at universal empire, Grasp Grasp, n. 1. A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the arms. "The grasps of love." Shak. 2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; as, it was beyond his grasp. 3. Forcible possession; hold. The whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp. Shak. 4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold them under survey. The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of grasp, equal to their predecessors. Z. Taylor. 5. The handle of a sword or of an oar. Graspable Grasp"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being grasped. Graaper Graap"er (?), n. One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds. Grasping Grasp"ing, a. 1. Seizing; embracing; catching. 2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as, he is a grasping man. -- Grasp"ing*ly, adv. -- Grasp"ing*ness, n. Graspless Grasp"less, a. Without a grasp; relaxed. From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls. Coleridge. Grass Grass (?), n. [OE. gras, gres, gers, AS, qr, g; akin to OFries. gres, gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras, Dan. gr, Sw. gr, and prob. to Z. grcen, grow. Cf. Graze.] 1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts; pasture. 2. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed single. NOTE: &hand; Th is de finition in cludes wh eat, rye, oats, barley, etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants. 3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.] Two years old next grass. Lathsm. 4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory. Surely the people is grass. Is. xl. 7. NOTE: &hand; The following list includes most of the grasses of the United States of special interest, except cereals. Many of these terms will be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix. Barnyard grass, for hay. South. Panicum Grus-galli. Bent, pasture and hay. Agrostis, several species. Bermuda grass, pasture. South. Cynodon Dactylon. Black bent. Same as Switch grass (below). Blue bent, hay. North and West. Andropogon provincialis. Blue grass, pasture. Poa compressa. Blue joint, hay. Northwest. Aqropyrum glaucum. Buffalo grass, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. (a) Buchlo\'89 dectyloides. (b) Same as Grama grass (below). <-- here spelled "gramma" in original --> Bunch grass, grazing. Far West. Eriocoma, Festuca, Stips, etc. Chess, OR Cheat, a weed. Bromus secalinus, etc. Couch grass. Same as Quick grass (below). Crab grass, (a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North. Panicum sanguinale. (b) Pasture and hay. South. Eleusine Indica. Darnel (a) Bearded, a noxious weed. Lolium temulentum. (b) Common. Same as Rye grass (below). Drop seed, fair for forage and hay. Muhlenbergia, several species. English grass. Same as Redtop (below). Fowl meadow grass. (a) Pasture and hay. Poa serotina. (b) Hay, on moist land. Gryceria nervata. Gama grass, cut fodder. South. Tripsacum dactyloides. <-- spelled here (as in modern dictionaries) "Grama" in original, but references are to "gramma" --> Grama grass, grazing. West and Pacific slope. Bouteloua oligostachya, etc. Great bunch grass, pasture and hay. Far West. Festuca scabrella. Guinea grass, hay. South. Panicum jumentorum. Herd's grass, in New England Timothy, in Pennsylvania and South Redtop. Indian grass. Same as Wood grass (below). Italian rye grass, forage and hay. Lolium Italicum. Johnson grass, grazing aud hay. South and Southwest. Sorghum Halepense. Kentucky blue grass, pasture. Poa pratensis. Lyme grass, coarse hay. South. Elymus, several species. Manna grass, pasture and hay. Glyceria, several species. Meadow fescue, pasture and hay. Festuca elatior. Meadow foxtail, pasture, hay, lawn. North. Alopecurus pratensis. Meadow grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Poa, several species. Mesquite, OR Muskit grass. Same as Grama grass (above). <-- here spelled "gramma" in original --> Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed. Muhlenbergia diffsa. Orchard grass, pasture and hay. Dactylis glomerata. Porcupine grass, troublesome to sheep. Northwest. Stipa spartea. Quaking grass, ornamental. Briza media and maxima. Quitch, or Quick, grass, etc., a weed. Agropyrum repens. Ray grass. Same as Rye grass (below). Redtop, pasture and hay. Agrostis vulgaris. Red-topped buffalo grass, forage. Northwest. Poa tenuifolia. Reed canary grass, of slight value. Phalaris arundinacea. Reed meadow grass, hay. North. Glyceria aquatica. Ribbon grass, a striped leaved form of Reed canary grass. Rye grass, pasture, hay. Lolium perenne, var. Seneca grass, fragrant basket work, etc. North. Hierochloa borealis. Sesame grass. Same as Gama grass (above). Sheep's fescue, sheep pasture, native in Northern Europe and Asia. Festuca ovina. Small reed grass, meadow pasture and hay. North. Deyeuxia Canadensis. Spear grass, Same as Meadow grass (above). Squirrel-tail grass, troublesome to animals. Seacoast and Northwest. Hordeum jubatum. Switch grass, hay, cut young. Panicum virgatum. Timothy, cut young, the best of hay. North. Phleum pratense. Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South. Holcus lanatus. Vernal grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Anthoxanthum odoratum. Wire grass, valuable in pastures. Poa compressa. Wood grass, Indian grass, hay. Chrysopogon nutans. NOTE: &hand; Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not true grasses botanically considered, such as black grass, goose grass, star grass, etc. Black grass, a kind of small rush (Juncus Gerardi), growing in salt marshes, used for making salt hay. -- Grass of the Andes, an oat grass, the Arrhenatherum avenaceum of Europe.-- Grass of Parnassus, a plant of the genus Parnassia growing in wet ground. The European species is P. palustris; in the United States there are several species. -- Grass bass (Zo\'94l.), the calico bass. -- Grass bird, the dunlin. -- Grass cloth, a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass-cloth plant. -- Grass-cloth plant, a perennial herb of the Nettle family (B\'d2hmeria nivea or Urtica nivea), which grows in Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has fine and strong fibers suited for textile purposes. -- Grass finch. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common American sparrow (Po\'94c\'91tes gramineus); -- called also vesper sparrow and bay-winged bunting. (b) Any Australian finch, of the genus Po\'89phila, of which several species are known. -- Grass lamb, a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture land and giving rich milk.-- Grass land, land kept in grass and not tilled. -- Grass moth (Zo\'94l.), one of many small moths of the genus Crambus, found in grass. -- Grass oil, a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in India from grasses of the genus Andropogon, etc.; -- used in perfumery under the name of citronella, ginger grass oil, lemon grass oil, essence of verbena etc. -- Grass owl (Zo\'94l.), a South African owl (Strix Capensis). -- Grass parrakeet (Zo\'94l.), any of several species of Australian parrots, of the genus Euphemia; -- also applied to the zebra parrakeet. -- Grass plover (Zo\'94l.), the upland or field plover. -- Grass poly (Bot.), a species of willowwort (Lythrum Hyssopifolia). Johnson. -- Crass quit (Zo\'94l.), one of several tropical American finches of the genus Euetheia. The males have most of the head and chest black and often marked with yellow.-- Grass snake. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common English, or ringed, snake (Tropidonotus natrix). (b) The common green snake of the Northern United States. See Green snake, under Green. -- Grass snipe (Zo\'94l.), the pectoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata) -- called also jacksnipe in America. -- Grass spider (Zo\'94l.), a common spider (Agelena n\'91via), which spins flat webs on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew. -- Grass sponge (Zo\'94l.), an inferior kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the Bahamas. -- Grass table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. -- Grass vetch (Bot.), a vetch (Lathyrus Nissolia), with narrow grasslike leaves. -- Grass widow. [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G. strohwittwe a mock widow, Sw. gr\'84senka a grass widow.] (a) An unmarried woman who is a mother. [Obs.] (b) A woman separated from her husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a woman living apart from her husband. [Slang.] -- Grass wrack (Bot.) eelgrass. -- To bring to grass (Mining.), to raise, as ore, to the surface of the ground. -- To put to grass, To put out to grass, to put out to graze a season, as cattle. Grass Grass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grassing.] 1. To cover with grass or with turf. 2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc. 3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as, to grass a fish. [Colloq.] Grass Grass (?), v. i. To produce grass. [R.] Tusser>/au>. Grassation Gras*sa"tion (?), n. [L. grassatio, from grassari to go about.] A wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting. [Obs. & R.] Feltham. Grass-green Grass"-green` (?), a. 1. Green with grass. 2. Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green. Grass-grown Grass"-grown` (?), a. Overgrown with grass; as, a grass-grown road. Grasshopper Grass"hop`per (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the families Acridid\'91 and Locustid\'91. The species and genera are very numerous. The former family includes the Western grasshopper or locust (Caloptenus spretus), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the red-legged (Caloptenus femurrubrum and C. atlanis) are closely related species, but their ravages are less important. They are closely related to the migratory locusts of the Old World. See Locust. <-- atlanis in original. Atlantis? --> NOTE: &hand; Th e me adow or gr een gr asshoppers be long to th e Locustid\'91. They have long antenn\'91, large ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of the wings in the male. The European great green grasshopper (Locusta viridissima) belongs to this family. The common American green species mostly belong to Xiphidium, Orchelimum, and Conocephalus. 2. In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the key; -- called also the hopper. Grove. Grasshopper engine, a steam engine having a working beam with its fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at the other end, and the connecting rod at an intermediate point. -- Grasshopper lobster (Zo\'94l.) a young lobster. [Local, U. S.] -- Grasshopper warbler (Zo\'94l.), cricket bird. Grassiness Grass"i*ness (?), n. [From Grassy.] The state of abounding with grass; a grassy state. Grassless Grass"less, a. Destitute of grass. Grassplot Grass"plot` (?), n. A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn. "Here on this grassplot." Shak. Grass tree Grass" tree" (?). (Bot.) (a) An Australian plant of the genus Xanthorrh\'d2a, having a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are often called "blackboys" from the large trunks denuded and blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant resin, called Botany-bay gum, and Gum Acaroides. (b) A similar Australian plant (Kingia australis). Grassy Grass"y (?) a. 1. Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as, a grassy lawn. Spenser. 2. Resembling grass; green. Grate Grate (?), a. [L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See Grace, and cf. Agree.] Serving to gratify; agreeable. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert. Grate Grate, n. [LL.. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.] 1. A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters. "A secret grate of iron bars." Shak. 2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning. Grate surface (Steam, Boiler) the area of the surface of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the furnace. Grate Grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grated; p. pr. &. vb. n. Grating.] To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars; as, to grate a window. Grate Grate, v. t. [OF grater to scrape, scratch, F. gratter, LL. gratare, cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG. chrazz&omac;n G. kratzen, D. krassen, Sw. Kratta, and perh. E. scratch.] 1. To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another, causing a harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth; to produce (a harsh sound) by rubbing. On their hinges grate Harsh thunder. Milton. 2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or indented; as, to grate a nutmeg. 3. To fret; to irritate; to offend. News, my good lord Rome . . . grates me. Shak. Grate Grate, v. i. 1. To make a harsh sound by friction. I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned, Or a dry wheel grate on the exletree. Shak. 2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity. This grated harder upon the hearts of men. South. <-- p. 647 this page badly done -- in need of careful proofing --> Grated Grat"ed (?), a. [From 2d Grate.] Furnished with a grate or grating; as, grated windows. Grateful Grate"ful (?), a. [Grate, a. + full; cf. F. gr\'82 thanks, good will, fr. L. gratum, neut. of gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.] 1. Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay, or give thanks for, benefits; as, a grateful heart. A grateful mind By owing, owes not, but still pays. Milton. 2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious; as, a grateful present; food grateful to the palate; grateful sleep. Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine, And grateful clusters swell. Pope. Syn. -- Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; delightful; delicious. -- Grate"ful*ly, adv. -- Grate"ful*ness, n. Grater Grat"er (?), a. [From Qrate, v.] One who, or that which, grates; especially, an instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing off small particles of any substance; as a grater for nutmegs. Graticulation Gra*tic"u*la"tion (?), n. [F. graticulation, craticulation, fr. graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr. graticule, craticule, graticule, L. craticula, dim. of crates wickerwork. See 2d Grate.] The division of a design or draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce it in larger or smaller dimensions. Graticule Grat"i*cule (?), n. [F. See Graticulation.] A design or draught which has been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other dimensions. Gratification Grat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.] 1. The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the appetite; as, the gratification of the palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the heart. 2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition: delight. 3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. Bp. Morton. Glatified Glat"i*fied (?), a. Pleased; indulged according to desire. Syn. -- Glad; pleased. See Glad. Gratifier Grat"i*fi"er (?), n. One who gratifies or pleases. Gratify Grat"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gratified (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratifying (#).] [F. gratifier, L. gratificari; gratus pleasing + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] 1. To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge; as, to gratify the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc. For who would die to gratify a foe? Dryden. 2. To requite; to recompense. [Obs.] It remains . . . To gratify his noble service. Shak. Syn. -- To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense. -- To Gratify, Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To indulge a person implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To humor is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of others. We gratify a child by showing him the sights of a large city; we indulge him in some extra expense on such an occasion; we humor him when he is tired and exacting. Grating Grat"ing (?), n. [See 2d Grate.] 1. A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate; as, the grating of a prison or convent. 2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; -- called also diffraction grating. 3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch, admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice used for the flooring of boats. Grating Grat"ing, a. [See Grate to rub harshy.] That grates; making a harsh sound; harsh. -- Grat"ing*ly, adv. Grating Grat"ing, n. A harsh sound caused by attrition. Gratiolin Gra*ti"o*lin (?), n. (Chem.) One of the essential principles of the hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis). Gratis Gra"tis (?), adv. [L., contr. fr. gratiis out of favor or kindness, without recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor. See Grace.] For nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously. Gratitude Grat"i*tude (?), n. [F. gratitude, LL. gratitudo, from gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.] The state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor received; thankfulness. The debt immense of endless gratitude. Milton. Gratuitous Gra*tu"i*tous (?) a. [L. gratuitus, from gratus pleasing. See Grate, a., Gratis.] 1. Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim or merit; not required by justice. We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our own industry. L'Estrange. 2. Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or proof; adopted or asserted without any good ground; as, a gratuitous assumption. Acts of gratuitous self-humiliation. De Quincye. -- Gra*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Gra*tu"i*tous*ness, n. Gratuity Gra*tu"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gtratuities (#). [F. gratuit\'82, or LL. gratuitas.] 1. Something given freely or without recompense; a free gift; a present. Swift. 2. Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or service, as a recompense or acknowledgment. <-- usually money. In particular, the money given to a waiter, cab driver, bellhop, etc. as a reward for good service = tip --> Gratulate Grat"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grqatulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratulating (?).] [L. gratulatus, p. p. of gratulari to congratulate, fr. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See Grate, a.] To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate. [R.] Shak. Gratulate Grat"u*late (?), a. Worthy of gratulation. [Obs.] There's more behind that is more gratulate. Shak. Gratulation Grat"u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gratulatio.] The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation. I shall turn my wishes into gratulations. South. Gratulatory Grat"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. gratulatorius.] Expressing gratulation or joy; congratulatory. The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes. Bp. Horsley. Graunt Graunt (?), v. & n. [Obs.] See Grant. Chaucer. Grauwacke Grau"wack*e (?), n. [G.] Graywacke. Gravamen Gra*va"men (?), n.; pl. L. Gravamina (#), E. Gravamens (#). [L., fr. gravare to load, burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty. See Grave, a.] (Law) The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a complaint. Bouvier. -grave -grave (?). A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave, margrave. See Margrave. Grave Grave (?), v. t. (Naut.) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch; -- so called because graves or greaves was formerly used for this purpose. Grave Grave, a. [Compar. Graver (gr&amac;v"&etil;r); superl. Gravest.] [F., fr. L. gravis heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave heavy, grave. See Grief.] 1. Of great weight; heavy; ponderous. [Obs.] His shield grave and great. Chapman. 2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; -- said of character, relations, etc.; as, grave deportment, character, influence, etc. Most potent, grave, and reverend seigniors. Shak. A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity. Milton. 3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a grave color; a grave face. 4. (Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; -- said of sound; as, a grave note or key. The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone. Moore (Encyc. of Music). (b) Slow and solemn in movement. Grave accent. (Pron.) See the Note under Accent, n., 2. Syn. -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important. -- Grave, Sober, Serious, Solemn. Sober supposes the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to gay or flighty; as, sober thought. Serious implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed to jocose or sportive; as, serious and important concerns. Grave denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or vivacity of manner; as, a qrave remark; qrave attire. Solemn is applied to a case in which gravity is carried to its highest point; as, a solemn admonition; a solemn promise. Grave Grave, v. t. [imp. Graved (gr&amac;vd); p. p. Graven (gr&amac;v"'n) or Graved; p. pr. & vb. n. Graving.] [AS. grafan to dig, grave, engrave; akin to OFries. greva, D. graven, G. graben, OHG. & Goth. graban, Dan. grabe, Sw. gr&aum;fva, Icel. grafa, but prob. not to Gr. gra`fein to write, E. graphic. Cf. Grave, n., Grove, n.] 1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer. He hath graven and digged up a pit. Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer). 2. To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave. Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel. Ex. xxviii. 9. 3. To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture; as, to grave an image. With gold men may the hearte grave. Chaucer. 4. To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly. O! may they graven in thy heart remain. Prior. 5. To entomb; to bury. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lie full low, graved in the hollow ground. Shak. Grave Grave, v. i. To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving. Grave Grave, n. [AS. gr?f, fr. grafan to dig; akin to D. & OS. graf, G. grab, Icel. gr\'94f, Russ. grob' grave, coffin. See Grave to carve.] An excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction. He bad lain in the grave four days. John xi. 17. Grave wax, adipocere. Graveclothes Grave"clothes` (, n. pl. The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred. Gravedigger Grave"dig`ger (?), n. 1. A digger of graves. 2. (Zo\'94l.) See Burying beetle, under Bury, v. t. Gravel Grav"el (?), n. [OF. gravele, akin to F. gr?ve a sandy shore, strand; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. grouan gravel, W. gro coarse gravel, pebbles, and Skr. gr&amac;van stone.] 1. Small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often intermixed with particles of sand. 2. (Med.) A deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a symptom. Gravel powder, a coarse gunpowder; pebble powder. Gravel Grav"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graveled (?) or Gravelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Graveling or Gravelling.] 1. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk. 2. To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand. When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they graveled the ship. Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version). Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be graveled; and one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand that he fell to the ground. Camden. 3. To check or stop; to embarrass; to perplex. [Colloq.] When you were graveled for lack of matter. Shak. The physician was so graveled and amazed withal, that he had not a word more to say. Sir T. North. 4. To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and foot. Graveless Grave"less (?), a. Without a grave; unburied. Graveling, or Gravelling Grav"el*ing (?), or Grav"el*ling, n. 1. The act of covering with gravel. 2. A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.). Graveling, or Gravelling Grav"el*ing, or Grav"el*ling, n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon one or two years old, before it has gone to sea. Gravelliness Grav"el*li*ness (?), n. State of being gravelly. Gravelly Grav"el*ly (?), a. Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as, a gravelly soil. Gravel-stone Grav"el-stone" (?), n. A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus. Gravely Grave"ly (?), adv. In a grave manner. Graven Grav"en (?), p. p. of Grave, v. t. Carved. Graven image, an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc. "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image." Ex. xx. 4. Graveness Grave"ness, n. The quality of being grave. His sables and his weeds, Importing health and graveness. Shak. Gravenstein Gra"ven*stein" (?), n. [So called because it came from Gravenstein, a place in Schleswig. Downing.] A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality. Graveolence Gra*ve"o*lence (?), n. [L. graveolentia: cf. F. grav\'82olence. See Graveolent.] A strong and offensive smell; rancidity. [R.] Bailey. Graveolent Gra*ve"o*lent (?), a. [L. graveolens; gravis heavy + olere to smell.] Having a rank smell. [R.] Boyle. Graver Graver (?), n. 1. One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material. 2. An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin. Gravery Grav"er*y (?), n. The act, process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving. Either of picture or gravery and embossing. Holland. Graves Graves (?), n. pl. The sediment of melted tallow. Same as Greaves. Graves' disease Graves"' dis*ease" (?). [So called after Dr. Graves, of Dublin.] Same as Basedow's disease. Gravestone Grave"stone (?), n. A stone laid over, or erected near, a grave, usually with an inscription, to preserve the memory of the dead; a tombstone. Graveyard Grave"yard" (?), n. A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery. Gravic Grav"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as, gravic forces; gravic attraction. [R.] Gravid Grav"id (?), a. [L. gravidus, fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See Grave, a.] Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a gravid uterus; gravid piety. " His gravid associate." Sir T. Herbert. Gravidated Grav"i*da"ted (?), a. [L. gravidatus, p. p. of gravidare to load, impregnate. See Gravid.] Made pregnant; big. [Obs.] Barrow. Gravidation Grav"i*da"tion (?), n. Gravidity. [Obs.] Gravidity Gra*vid"i*ty (?), n. [L. graviditas.] The state of being gravidated; pregnancy. [R.] Gravigrade Grav"i*grade (?), a. [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.] (Zo\'94l.) Slow-paced. -- n. One of the pachyderms. Gravimeter Gra*vim"e*ter (?), n. [L. gravis heavy + -meter: cf. F. gravim\'8atre.] (Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies. Gravimetric Grav"i*met"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by weight. -- Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly (#), adv. Gravimetric analysis (Chem.), analysis in which the amounts of the coastituents are determined by weight; -- in distinction from volumetric analysis. Graving Grav"ing (?), n. [From Grave to clean.] The act of cleaning a ship's bottom. Graving dock. (Naut.) See under Dock. Graving Grav"ing, n. [From Grave to dig.] l. The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp. by incision or in intaglio. 2. That which is graved or carved. [R.] Skillful to . . . grave any manner of graving. 2 Chron. ii. 14. 3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart. New gravings upon their souls. Eikon Basilike Gravitate Grav"i*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gravitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gravitating (?).] [Cf. F. graviter. See Gravity.] To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any object. Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all bodies gravitate toward each other. Sir W. Hamilton. Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the stronger party. Macaulay. Gravitation Grav"i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gravitation. See Gravity.] 1. The act of gravitating. 2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward each other; called also attraction of gravitation, universal gravitation, and universal gravity. See Attraction, and Weight. Law of gravitatian, that law in accordance with which gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or portions of matter in the universe attract each other with a force proportional directly to the quantity of matter they contain, and inversely to the squares of their distances. Gravitational Grav`i*tation*al (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the force of gravity; as, gravitational units. Gravitative Gravi*ta*tive (?), a. Causing to gravitate; tending to a center. Coleridge. Gravity Grav"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gravities (#). [L. gravitas, fr. gravis heavy; cf. F. gravit\'82. See Grave, a., Grief.] 1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of lead. 2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. "Men of gravity and learning."< Shak. <-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof - especially italicized words (aso in etymologies) are not properly marked--> 3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense. They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of the place where they were uttered. Burke. 4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation. 5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness. Center of gravity See under Center. -- Gravity battery, See Battery, n., 4. -- Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the standard or unit. This standard is usually water for solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water. Gravy Gra"vy (?), n; pl. Gravies (#). [OE. greavie; prob. fr. greaves, graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See Greaves.] 1. The juice or other liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking, made into a dressing for the food when served up. 2. Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc. Gray Gray (?), a. [Compar. Grayer (; superl. Grayest.] [OE. gray, grey, AS. gr?g, gr?g; akin to D. graauw OHG. gr?o, G. grau, Dan. graa, Dw. gr?, Icel. grdr.] [Written also grey.] 1. White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; as, the soft gray eye of a dove. These gray and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and blacks. Sir I. Newton. 2. Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary. 3. Old; mature; as, gray experience. Ames. Gray antimony (Min.), stibnite. -- Gray buck (Zo\'94l.), the chickara. -- Gray cobalt (Min.), smaltite. -- Gray copper (Min.), tetrahedrite. -- Gray duck (Zo\'94l.), the gadwall; also applied to the female mallard. -- Gray falcon (Zo\'94l.) the peregrine falcon. -- Gray Friar. See Franciscan, and Friar. -- Gray hen (Zo\'94l.), the female of the blackcock or black grouse. See Heath grouse. -- Gray mill or millet (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Lithospermum; gromwell. -- Gray mullet (Zo\'94l.) any one of the numerous species of the genus Mugil, or family Mugilid&ae;, found both in the Old World and America; as the European species (M. capito, and M. auratus), the American striped mullet (M. albula), and the white or silver mullet (M. Braziliensis). See Mullet. -- Gray owl (Zo\'94l.), the European tawny or brown owl (Syrnium aluco). The great gray owl (Ulula cinerea) inhabits arctic America. -- Gray parrot (Zo\'94l.), a parrot (Psittacus erithacus), very commonly domesticated, and noted for its aptness in learning to talk. -- Gray pike. (Zo\'94l.) See Sauger. -- Gray snapper (Zo\'94l.), a Florida fish; the sea lawyer. See Snapper. -- Gray snipe (Zo\'94l.), the dowitcher in winter plumage. -- Gray whale (Zo\'94l.), a rather large and swift California whale (Rhachianectes glaucus), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays; -- called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead. Gray Gray, n. 1. A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or whitish tint. 2. An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind of salmon. Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day. That coats thy life, my gallant gray. Sir W. Scott. Grayback Gray"back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The California gray whale. (b) The redbreasted sandpiper or knot. (c) The dowitcher. (d) The body louse. Graybeard Gray"beard` (?), n. An old man. Shak. Grayfly Gray"fly` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The trumpet fly. Milton. Grayhound Gray"hound` (-hound`), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Greyhound. Grayish Gray"ish, a. Somewhat gray. Graylag Gray"lag` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common wild gray goose (Anser anser) of Europe, believed to be the wild form of the domestic goose. See Illust. of Goose. Grayling Gray"ling (?), n. [From Gray, a.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A European fish (Thymallus vulgaris), allied to the trout, but having a very broad dorsal fin; -- called also umber. It inhabits cold mountain streams, and is valued as a game fish. And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling. Tennyson. 2. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish of the genus Thymallus, having similar habits to the above; one species (T. Ontariensis), inhabits several streams in Michigan; another (T. montanus), is found in the Yellowstone region. Grayness Gray"ness, n. The quality of being gray. Gtraystone Gtray"stone` (?), n. (Geol.) A grayish or greenish compact rock, composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt. Graywacke Gray"wacke` (?), n. [G. grauwacke; grau gray + wacke wacke. See Gray, and Wacke, and cf. Grauwacke.] (Geol.) A conglomerate or grit rock, consisting of rounded pebbles sand firmly united together. NOTE: &hand; This term, derved from the grauwacke of German miners, was formerly applied in geology to different grits and slates of the Silurian series; but it is now seldom used. Graze Graze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grazed (p. pr. & vb. n. Grazing.] [OE. grasen, AS. grasian, fr. gr?s grass. See Grass.] 1. To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for. A field or two to graze his cows. Swift. 2. To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture); to browse. The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead. Pope. 3. To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing. When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep. Shak. 4. To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing; as, the bullet grazed the wall. Graze Graze, v. i. 1. To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle graze on the meadows. 2. To yield grass for grazing. The ground cortinueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to purpose. Bacon. 3. To touch something lightly in passing. Graze Graze, n. 1. The act of grazing; the cropping of grass. [Colloq.] Turning him out for a grace on the common. T. Hughes. 2. A light touch; a slight scratch. Grazer Graz"er (?), n. One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or herbage. The cackling goose, Close grazer, finds wherewith to ease her want. J. Philips. Grazier Gra"zier (?), n. One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market. The inhabitants be rather . . . graziers than plowmen. Stow. Grazing Graz"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, grazes. 2. A pasture; growing grass. Grazioso Gra"zi*o"so (?), adv. [It., adj. See Gracious.] (Mus.) Gracefully; smoothly; elegantly. Gre Gre (?), n. See Gree, a step. [Obs.] Gre Gre, n. See Gree, good will. [Obs.] Grease Grease (gres), n. [OE. grese, grece, F. graisse; akin to gras fat, greasy, fr. LL. grassus thick, fat, gross, L. crassus. Cf. Crass.] 1. Animal fat, as tallow or lard, especially when in a soft state; oily or unctuous matter of any kind. 2. (Far.) An inflammation of a horse's heels, suspending the ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and producing dryness and scurfiness, followed by cracks, ulceration, and fungous excrescences. Grease bush. (Bot.) Same as Grease wood (below). -- Grease moth (Zo\'94l.), a pyralid moth (Aglossa pinguinalis) whose larva eats greasy cloth, etc. -- Grease wood (Bot.), a scraggy, stunted, and somewhat prickly shrub (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) of the Spinach family, very abundant in alkaline valleys from the upper Missouri to California. The name is also applied to other plants of the same family, as several species of Atriplex and Obione. Grease Grease (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greased (grezd or gresd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greasing.] 1. To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat; to lubricate; as, to grease the wheels of a wagon. 2. To bribe; to corrupt with presents. The greased advocate that grinds the poor. Dryden. 3. To cheat or cozen; to overreach. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 4. (Ear.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the disease. To grease in the hand, to corrupt by bribes. Usher. Greaser Greas"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person employed to lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines, carriages, etc. 2. A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a Mexican of the lowest type. [Low, U. S.] Greasily Greas"i*ly (?), adv. 1. In a greasy manner. 2. In a gross or indelicate manner. [Obs.] You talk greasily; your lips grow foul. Shak. Greasiness Greas"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness; grossness. Greasy Greas"y (?), a. [Compar. Greasier ( 1. Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous; as, a greasy dish. 2. Smeared or defiled with grease. With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers. Shak. 3. Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the touch, as is mineral soapstone. 4. Fat of body; bulky. [R.] Shak. 5. Gross; indelicate; indecent. [Obs.] Marston. 6. (Far.) Affected with the disease called grease; as, the heels of a horse. See Grease, n., 2. Great Great (?), a. [Compar. Greater (; superl. Greatest.] [OE. gret, great, AS. gre?t; akin to OS. & LG. gr?t, D. groot, OHG. gr?z, G. gross. Cf. Groat the coin.] 1. Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; -- opposed to small and little; as, a great house, ship, farm, plain, distance, length. 2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude, series, etc. 3. Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a great while; a great interval. 4. Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to thoughts, actions, and feelings. 5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a great hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc. 6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distingushed; formost; principal; as, great men; the great seal; the great marshal, etc. He doth object I am too great of birth. Shak. 7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great argument, truth, or principle. 8. Pregnant; big (with young). The ewes great with young. Ps. lxxviii. 71. 9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to use great caution; to be in great pain. We have all Great cause to give great thanks. Shak. 10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation; -- often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the direct line of de scent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grand- mother's father), great-grandson, etc. Great bear (Astron.), the constellation Ursa Major. -- Great cattle (Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. Wharton. -- Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta. -- Great circle of a sphere, a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere. -- Great circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places. -- Great go, the final examination for a degree at the University of Oxford, England; -- called also greats. T. Hughes. -- Great guns. (Naut.) See under Gun. -- The Great Lakes the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the United States. -- Great master. Same as Grand master, under Grand. -- Great organ (Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the choir organ and the swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position. -- The great powers (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy. -- Great primer. See under Type. -- Great scale (Mus.), the complete scale; -- employed to designate the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest. -- Great sea, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the Mediterranean seas are so called. -- Great seal. (a) The principal seal of a kingdom or state. (b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is custodian of this seal); also, his office.<-- #sp in original, "Britain" was "Britian" --> -- Great tithes. See under Tithes. -- The great, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful. -- The Great Spirit, among the North American Indians, their chief or principal deity. -- To be great (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with him). Bacon. Great Great (?), n. The whole.; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the great. Great-bellied Great"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a great belly, bigbellied; pregnant; teeming. Shak. Greatcoat Great"coat" (?), n. An overcoat. Greaten Great"en (?), v. t. To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to expand. [R.] A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt [his king]. Ken. Greaten Great"en, v. i. To become large; to dilate. [R.] My blue eyes greatening in the looking-glass. Mrs. Browning. Great-grandchild Great"-grand"child` (?), n. The child of one's grandson or granddaughter. Great-granddaughter Great"-grand"daugh`ter (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A daughter of one's grandson or granddaughter. Great-grandfather Great"-grand"fa`ther (?), n. [See Great, 10.] The father of one's grandfather or grandmother. Great-grandmother Great"-grand"moth`er (?), n. The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother. Great-grandson Great"-grand"son` (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A son of one's grandson or granddaughter. Great-hearted Great"-heart`ed (?), a. 1. High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.] Clarendon. 2. Generous; magnanimous; noble. Great-heartedness Great"-heart`ed*ness, n. The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity. Greatly Great"ly, adv. 1. In a great degree; much. I will greatly multiply thy sorrow. Gen. iii. 16. 2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously. By a high fate thou greatly didst expire. Dryden. Greatness Great"ness, n. [AS. gre\'a0tnes.] 1. The state, condition, or quality of being great; as, greatness of size, greatness of mind, power, etc. 2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not aboard your ships. Bacon. Greave Greave (?), n. A grove. [Obs.] Spenser. Greave Greave, n. [OF. greees; cf. Sp. grevas.] Armor for the leg below the knee; -- usually in the plural. Greave Greave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greaved (gr&emac;vd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greaving.] [From Greaves.] (Naut.) To clean (a ship's bottom); to grave. Greaves Greaves (gr&emac;vz), n. pl. [Cf. dial. Sw. grevar greaves, LG. greven, G. griebe, also AS. greofa pot. Cf. Gravy.] The sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food. In Scotland it is called cracklings. [Written also graves.] Grebe Grebe (gr&emac;b), n. [F. gr?be, fr. Armor. krib comb; akin to kriben crest, W. crib comb, crest. So called in allusion to the crest of one species.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus Colymbus (formerly Podiceps), aud allied genera, found in the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes. Grecian Gre"cian" (?), a. [Cf. Greek.] Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek. Grecian bend, among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward. [Collog.] -- Grecian fire. See Greek fire, under Greek. Grecian Gre"cian, n. 1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek. 2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1. NOTE: &hand; Th e Gr eek wo rd re ndered Gr ecian in the Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the Revised Version. 6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De Quincey. Grecism Gre"cism (?), n. [Cf. F. gr\'82cisme.] An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism. Addison. <-- p. 649 most of page has no marks in etymology or in "as" sections (italics not marked) --> Grecize > Gre"cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grecized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grecizing.] [Cf. F. gr\'82ciser.] 1. To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to take a Greek form; as, the name is Grecized. T. Warton. 2. To translate into Greek. Grecize, Grecianize > Gre"cize, Gre"cian*ize (, v. i. To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech. Greco-Roman > Gre"co-Ro"man (?), a. Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; as, Greco-Roman architecture. Grecque > Grecque (gr&ecr;k), n. [F.] An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, esp. a fret or meander, Gree > Gree (?), n. [F. gr\'82. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.] 1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; -- used esp. in such phrases as: to take in gree; to accept in gree; that is, to take favorably. [Obs.] Chaucer. Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke. Fairfax. 2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. He is a shepherd great in gree. Spnser. 3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the gree, i. e., to carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. Gree > Gree, v. i. [From Agree.] To agree. [Obs.] Fuller. Gree > Gree, n.; pl. Grees (gr&emac;z); obs. plurals Greece (gr&emac;s) Grice (gr?s or gr?s), Grise, Grize (gr?z or gr?z), etc. [OF. gr\'82, F. grade. See Grade.] A step. Greece > Greece (?), n. pl. See Gree a step. [Obs.] Greed > Greed (?), n. [Akin to Goth. gr?dus hunger, Icel. gr&amac;&edh;r. &root;34. See Greedy.] An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain. Greedily > Greed"i*ly (?), adv. In a greedy manner. Greediness > Greed"i*ness, n. [AS gr?dignes.] The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire. Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness. Shak. Syn.-- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity. Greedy > Greed"y (?), a. [Compar. Greedier (-&icr;-&etil;r); superl. Greediest.] [OE. gredi, AS. gr?dig, gr?dig; akin to D. gretig, OS. gr?dag, OHG. gr?tag, Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig, gr?dig, Icel. gra?ugr, Goth. gr?dags greedy, gr?d?n to be hungry; cf. Skr. grdh to be greedy. Cf. Greed.] 1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; -- followed by of; as, a lion that is greedy of his prey. 2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of gain. Greedy-gut > Greed"y-gut" (?), n. A glutton. [Low] Todd. Greegree > Gree"gree" (?), n. An African talisman or Gri'gri' charm. A greegree man, an African magician or fetich priest. Greek > Greek (?), a. [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. ?: cf. F. grec. Cf. Grecian.] Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian. Greek calends. See under Calends. -- Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. -- Greek cross. See Illust. (10) Of Cross. -- Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. -- Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur. Ure. -- Greek rose, the flower campion. Greek > Greek, n. 1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of Greece. 2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang] Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer many chances for the Greek. Sat. Rev. 3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.] Greekess > Greek"ess (?), n. A female Greek. [R.] Greekish > Greek"ish, a. [Cf. AS. Gr&emac;cisc.] Peculiar to Greece. Greekling > Greek"ling (?), n. A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions. B. Jonson. Green > Green (?), a. [Compar. Greener (; superl. Greenest.] [OE. grene, AS. gr?ne; akin to D. groen, OS. gr?ni, OHG. gruoni, G. gr?n, Dan. & Sw. gr?n, Icel. gr?nn; fr. the root of E. grow. See Grow.] 1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald. 2. Having a sickly color; wan. To look so green and pale. Shak. 3. Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a green manhood; a green wound. As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the greenest usurpation. Burke. 4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit, corn, vegetables, etc. 5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.] We say the meat is green when half roasted. L. Watts. 6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as, green in years or judgment. I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs. Sir W. Scott. 7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green wood, timber, etc. Shak. Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; -- called also cat brier. -- Green con (Zo\'94l.), the pollock. -- Green crab (Zo\'94l.), an edible, shore crab (Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; -- in New England locally named joe-rocker. -- Green crop, a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc. -- Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b) Smaragdite. -- Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant (Aris\'91ma Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; -- called also dragon root. -- Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; -- called also mountain green. -- Green ebony. (a) A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony. -- Green fire (Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due. -- Green fly (Zo\'94l.), any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. -- Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary. -- Green gland (Zo\'94l.), one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antenn\'91. -- Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] -- Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the Nectandra Rodi\'d2i, that of Martinique is the Colubrina ferruginosa. -- Green iron ore (Min.) dufrenite. -- Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed (Ulva latissima); -- called also green sloke. -- Green lead ore (Min.), pyromorphite. -- Green linnet (Zo\'94l.), the greenfinch. -- Green looper (Zo\'94l.), the cankerworm. -- Green marble (Min.), serpentine. -- Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See Greengill. -- Green monkey (Zo\'94l.) a West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. -- Green salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. -- Green sand (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made. -- Green sea (Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck. -- Green sickness (Med.), chlorosis. -- Green snake (Zo\'94l.), one of two harmless American snakes (Cyclophis vernalis, and C. \'91stivus). They are bright green in color. -- Green turtle (Zo\'94l.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle. -- Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas, melanterite and sulphate of iron. -- Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked. -- Green woodpecker (Zo\'94l.), a common European woodpecker (Picus viridis); -- called also yaffle. Green > Green (gren), n. 1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue. 2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; as, the village green. O'er the smooth enameled green. Milton. 3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; -- usually in the plural. In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens, and wake the rising flowers. Pope. 4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food. 5. Any substance or pigment of a green color. Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; -- called also Helvetia green.-- Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. -- Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition. -- Brunswick green an oxychloride of copper. -- Chrome green. See under Chrome. -- Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; -- called also aldehyde green, acid green, malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below). -- Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. -- Methyl green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; -- called also light-green. -- Mineral green. See under Mineral. -- Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a. -- Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; -- called also Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and mitis green. -- Scheele's green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called also Swedish green. It may enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green. Green > Green, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb. n. Greening.] To make green. Great spring before Greened all the year. Thomson. <-- THe Greening of America [Reich] --> Green > Green, v. i. To become or grow green. Tennyson. By greening slope and singing flood. Whittier. Greenback > Green"back" (?), n. One of the legal tender notes of the United States; -- first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits. Greenbacker > Green"back"er (?), n. One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.] Greenbone > Green"bone (?), n. [So named because the bones are green when boiled.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any garfish (Belone or Tylosurus). (b) The European eelpout. Green-broom > Green"-broom` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Genista (G. tinctoria); dyer's weed; -- called also greenweed. Greencloth > Green"cloth` (-kl&ocr;th`; 115), n. A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two hundred yards beyond the gatees. Greenery > Green"er*y (?), n. Green plants; verdure. A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in greenery. J. Ingelow. Green-eyed > Green"-eyed (?), a. 1. Having green eyes. 2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts. "Green-eyed jealousy." Shak. Greenfinch > Green"finch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) 1. A European finch (Ligurinus chloris); -- called also green bird, green linnet, green grosbeak, green olf, greeny, and peasweep. 2. The Texas sparrow (Embernagra rufivirgata), in which the general color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head. Greenfish > Green"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Bluefish, and Pollock. Greengage > Green"gage` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of plum of medium size, roundish shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France Reine Claude, after the queen of Francis I. See Gage. Greengill > Green"gill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An oyster which has the gills tinged with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood. Greengrocer > Green"gro`cer (?), n. A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green state. Greenhead > Green"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mallard. (b) The striped bass. See Bass. Greenhead, Greenhood > Green"head (?), Green"hood (?), n. A state of greenness; verdancy. Chaucer. Greenhorn > Green"horn` (?), n. A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon. W. Irving. Greenhouse > Green"house` (?), n. A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather. Greening > Green"ing, n. A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality. Greenish > Green"ish, a. Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a greenish yellow. -- Green"ish*ness, n. Greenlander > Green"land*er (?), n. A native of Greenland. Green-leek > Green"-leek` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Australian parrakeet (Polytelis Barrabandi); -- called also the scarlet-breasted parrot. Greenlet > Green"let (?), n. l. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of small American singing birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or blue-headed (Vireo solitarius); the brotherly-love (V. Philadelphicus); the warbling greenlet (V. gilvus); the yellow-throated greenlet (V. flavifrons) and others. See Vireo. 2. (Zo\'94l,) Any species of Cyclorhis, a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits. Greenly > Green"ly, adv. With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely. -- a. Of a green color. [Obs.] Greenness > Green"ness, n. [AS. gr?nnes. See Green.] 1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness of grass, or of a meadow. 2. Freshness; vigor; newness. 3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit; inexperience; as, the greenness of youth. Greenockite > Green"ock*ite (?), n. [Named after Lord Greenock.] (Min.) Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation. Greenroom > Green"room` (gr&emac;n"room`), n. The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater. Greensand > Green"sand` (-s, n. (Geol.) A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of phosphate of lime. NOTE: &hand;Greensand is often called marl, because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous. Greenshank > Green"shank` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A European sandpiper or snipe (Totanus canescens); -- called also greater plover. Green-stall > Green"-stall` (?), n. A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale. Greenstone > Green"stone` (gr&emac;n"st&omac;n`), n. [So called from a tinge of green in the color.] (Geol.) A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc. Greensward > Green"sward` (-sward') n. Turf green with grass. Greenth > Greenth (gr&emac;nth), n. [Cf. Growth.] The state or quality of being green; verdure. [R.] The greenth of summer. G. Eliot. Greenweed > Green"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Greenbroom. Greenwood > Green"wood` (?), n. A forest as it appears is spring and summer. Greenwood > Green"wood`, a. Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade. Dryden. Greet > Greet (?), a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer. Greet > Greet, v. i. [OE. greten, AS. gr?tan, gr?lan; akin to Icel. grata, Sw. gi?ta, Dan. gr?de, Goth. gr?ctan; cf. Skr. hr?d to sound, roar. &root;50.] To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also greit.] Spenser. Greet > Greet, n. Mourning. [Obs.] Spenser. Greet > Greet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Greeting.] [OE. greten, AS. gr?tan to address, approach; akin to OS. gr, LG\'3e gr\'94ten, D. groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G. gr\'81ssen. &root;50.] 1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token. My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you. Shak. 2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad. In vain the spring my senses greets. Addison. 3. To accost; to address. Pope. <-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked --> Greet > Greet (?), v. i. To meet and give salutations. There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace. Shak. Greet > Greet, n. Greeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont. Greeter > Greet"er (?), n. One who greets or salutes another. Greeter > Greet"er, n. One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.] Greeting > Greet"ing, n. Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent. Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings. Shak. Syn. -- Salutation; salute; compliment. Greeve > Greeve (?), n. See Grieve, an overseer. Greeze > Greeze (?), n. A step. See Gree, a step. [Obs.] The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is this. Latimer. Greffier > Gref"fi*er (?), n. [F., from LL. grafarius, graphiarius, fr. L. graphium, a writing style; cf. F. greffe a record office. See Graft, and cf. Graffer.] A registrar or recorder; a notary. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Gregal > Gre"gal (?), a. [L. gregalis, fr. grex, gregis, herd.] Pertaining to, or like, a flock. For this gregal conformity there is an excuse. W. S. Mayo. Gregarian > Gre*ga"ri*an (?), a. Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort; common. [Obs.] "The gregarian soldiers." Howell. \d8Gregarin\91 > \"d8Greg`a*ri"n\"91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gregarina the typical genus, fr. L. gregarius. See Gregarious.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Protozoa, allied to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the earthworm, lobster, etc. When adult, they have a small, wormlike body inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the young stages, they are am\'d2biform; -- called also Gregarinida, and Gregarinaria. Gregarine > Greg"a*rine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Gregarin\'91. -- n. One of the Gregarin\'91. \d8Gregarinida > \"d8Greg`a*rin"i*da (?) Gregarin\'91. Gregarious > Gre*ga"ri*ous (?), a. [L. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis, herd; cf. Gr. jar to approach. Cf. Congregate, Egregious.] Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone. Burke. No birds of prey are gregarious. Ray. <-- 2. (of people) enjoying companionship; sociable; not solitary. 3. (of plants) growing in clusters. --> -- Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness, n. Grege > Grege (?), Greg"ge (, v. t. [OE. gregier to burden.] To make heavy; to increase. [Obs.] Wyclif. Greggoe, Grego > Greg"goe (?), Gre"go (?), n. [Prob. fr, It. Greco Greek, or Sp. Griego, or Pg. Grego.] A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick, coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others in the Levant. [Written also griego.] Gregorian > Gre*go"ri*an (?), a. [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. gr\'82gorien.] Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name. Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian year (below). -- Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the Great") in the 6th century. -- Gregorian modes, the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc. -- Gregorian telescope (Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it. -- Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 aud not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note under Style, n., 7. Greillade > Greil"lade (?), n. (Metal.) Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for reduction by the Catalan process. Greisen > Grei"sen (?), n. (Min.) A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony. Greit > Greit (?), v. i. See Greet, to weep. Greith > Greith (?), v. t. [Icel. grct?a: cf. AS. ger?dan to arrange; pref. ge- + r ready. Cf. Ready.] To make ready; -- often used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer. Greith > Greith, n. [Icel. grci?i. See Greith, v.] Goods; furniture. [Obs.] NOTE: See Graith. Gremial > Gre"mi*al (?), a. [L. gremium lap, bosom.] Of or pertaining to the lap or bosom. [R.] Gremial > Gre"mi*al, n. 1. A bosom friend. [Obs.] Fuller. 2. (Ecol.) A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed on the bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating mass, or in ordaining priests. Grenade > Gre*nade" (?), n. [F. grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp. granada; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblanse of its shape to a pomegranate. See Carnet, Grain a kernel, and cf. Pomegranate.] (Min.) A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among enemies. Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach. (b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also fire grenade. Rampart grenades, grenades of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough. Grenadier > Gren`a*dier" (?), n. [F. grenadier. See Grenade.] 1. (Mil.) Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of the British army, etc. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine fish of the genus Macrurus, in which the body and tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called also onion fish, and rat-tail fish. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A bright-colored South African grosbeak (Pyromelana orix), having the back red and the lower parts black. Grenadillo > Gren`a*dil"lo (?), n. [Sp. granadillo.] A handsome tropical American wood, much used for making flutes and other wind instruments; -- called also Grenada cocos, or cocus, and red ebony. Grenadine > Gren`a*dine" (?), n. [F.] 1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear. 2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure fuchsine. <-- 3. a liqueur --> Grenado > Gre*na"do (?), n. Same as Grenade. Grene > Grene (?), a. Green. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gres > Gres (?), n. Grass. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gressorial, Gressorious > Gres*so"ri*al (?), Gres*so"ri*ous (?), a. [L. gressus, p. p. of gradi to step, go.] (Zool.) Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the feet of certain birds and insects. See Illust. under Aves. Gret, Grete > Gret (?), Grete (, a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gretto > Gret"to (?), obs. imp. of Greet, to salute. Greve > Greve (?), n. A grove. [Obs.] Chaucer. Grew > Grew (?), imp. of Grow. Grewsome, Grue'some > Grew"some (?), Grue'some, a. [From a word akin to Dan. gru horror, terror + -some; cf. D. gruwzaam, G. grausam. Cf. Grisly.] Ugly; frightful. Grewsome sights of war. C. Kingsley. Grey > Grey (?), a. See Gray (the correct orthography). Greyhound > Grey"hound` (?), n. [OE. graihund, greihound, greahund, grihond, Icel. greyhundr; grey greyhound + hundr dog; cf. AS. gr?ghund. The origin of the first syllable is unknown.] A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written also grayhound.] Greylag > Grey"lag` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Graylag. Gribble > Grib"ble (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] (Zo\'94l.) A small marine isopod crustacean (Limnoria lignorum or L. terebrans), which burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe and America. Grice > Grice (?), n. [OE. gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. gr?ss, Sw. gris, Dan. grus, also Gr. ?, Skr. ghrshvi, boar. Cf. Grise, Griskin.] A little pig. [Written also grise.] [Scot.] Grice > Grice (?), n. See Gree, a step. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Grid > Grid (?), n. A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron. Griddle > Grid"dle (?), n. [OE. gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic origin; cf. W. greidell, Ir. greideal, greideil, griddle, gridiron, greadaim I burn, scorch. Cf. Gridiron.] 1. An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes. 2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners. Griddlecake > Grid"dle*cake` (?), n. A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake, as of buckwheat or common flour. Gride > Gride (?), e. i. [imp. & p. p. Grided; p. pr. & vb. n. Griding.] [For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and cf. Grid to strike, sneer.] To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; as, the griding sword. Milton. That through his thigh the mortal steel did gride. Spenser. Grade > Grade, n. A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating. The grade of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log, and tree, and stone. Whittier. Gridelin > Grid"e*lin (?), n. [F. gris de lin gray of flax, flax gray.] A color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet. [Written also gredaline, grizelin.] Dryden. Gridiron > Grid"i`ron (?), n. [OE. gredire, gredirne, from tthe same source as E. griddle, but the ending wass confused with E. iron. See Griddle.] 1. A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals. 2. (Naut.) An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for examination, cleaning, and repairs. <-- 3. (Sport) A football field. --> Gridiron pendulum. See under Pendulum. -- Gridiron valve (Steam Engine), a slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the seat on which the valve moves. Grief > Grief (?), n. [OE. grief, gref, OF. grief, gref, F. grief, L. gravis heavy; akin to Gr. ?, Skr. guru, Goth. ka?rus. Cf. Barometer, Grave, a., Grieve, Gooroo.] 1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness. The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she died for grief of it. Addison. 2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial; grievance. Be factious for redress of all these griefs. Shak. 3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.] This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot. Wood. To come to grief, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief, Sorrow, Sadness. Sorrow is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause -- one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in many cases; but the grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into habitual sadness. "Grief is sometimes considered as synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of the transports of grief. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value." Cogan.See Affliction. Griefful > Grief"ful (?), a. Full of grief or sorrow. Sackvingle. Griefless > Grief"less, a. Without grief. Huloet. Griego > Grie"go (?), n. See Greggoe. Grievable > Griev"a*ble (?), a. Lamentable. [Obs.] Griev'ance > Griev'ance (?), n. [OF. grcvance. See Grieve, v. t.] 1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury. 2. Grieving; grief; affliction. The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked. Milton. Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble. Grievancer > Griev"an*cer (?), n. One who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint. [Obs.] Petition . . . against the bishops as grand grievancers. Fuller. Grieve, Greeve > Grieve (?), Greeve, n. [AS. ger. Cf. Reeve an officer.] A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff. [Scot.] Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve. Sir W. Scott. Grieve > Grieve (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grieved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grieving.] [OE. greven, OF. grever, fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress, fr. gravis heavy. See Grief.] 1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to try. Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God. Eph. iv. 30. The maidens grieved themselves at my concern. Cowper, 2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate. [R.] Grieve > Grieve, v. i. To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; -- often followed by at, for, or over. Do not you grieve at this. Shak. Griever > Griev"er (?), n. One who, or that which, grieves. Grieving > Griev"ing, a. Sad; sorrowful; causing grief. -- n. The act of causing grief; the state of being grieved. -- Griev'ing-ly, adv. Shak. Grievous > Griev"ous (?), a. [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief.] 1. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive; harmful. The famine was grievous in the land. Gen. xii. 10. The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight. Gen. xxi 11. 2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious; as, a grievous sin. Gen. xviii. 20. 3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction; as, a grievous cry. -- Griev"ous*ly, adv. -- Griev"ous*ness, n. Griff > Griff (?), n. [Cf. Gripe.] 1. Grasp; reach. [Obs.] A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff. Holland. 2. [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] (Weaving) An arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods. Knight. Griffe > Griffe (?), n. [F.] The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a mulatto. [Local, U. S.] Griffin > Grif"fin (?), n. An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe. H. Kingsley. Griffin, Griffon > Grif"fin (?), Grif"fon (?), n. [OE. griffin, griffon, griffoun, F. griffon, fr. L. gryphus, equiv to gryps, Gr. 1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art. 2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; -- called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the "eagle" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 651 4. An English early apple. Grig Grig (?), n. [Cf. Sw. kr\'84k little creature, reptile; or D. kriek cricket, E. cricket.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.] (b) Any small eel. (c) The broad-nosed eel See Glut. [Prov. Eng.] 2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.] Audrey. As merry as a grig [etymology uncertain], a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion to the cricket. Gril Gril (?), a. [OE. gril harsh; akin to G. grell offending the ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry; cf. AS. gallan to provoke.] Harah; hard; severe; stern; rough. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Grill Grill, n. [F. gril. See Grill, v. t.] 1. A gridiron. [They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat. Cotton. 2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc. Grill Grill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grilling.] [F. griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF. gra\'8bl, L. craticulum for craticula fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle. See Grate, n.] 1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons. Marvell. 2. To torment, as if by broiling. Dickens. Grillade Gril*lade" (, n. [F. See Grill, v. t.] The act of grilling; also, that which is grilled. Grillage Gril"lage (?), n. [F.] (Hydraulic Eagin.) A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil. Grille Grille (?), a. [F. See Grill, v. t.] A lattice or grating. The grille which formed part of the gate. L. Oliphant. Grilly Gril"ly (?), v. t. [See Grill, v. t.] To broil; to grill; hence, To harass. [Obs.] Hudibras. Grilse Grilse (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A young salmon after its first return from the sea. Grim Grim (?), a. [Compar. Grimmer (-mer); superl. Grimmest (.] [AS. grim; akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D. grimmig, Dan. grim, grum, Sw. grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr. Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel; frightful; horrible. Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking. Shak . The ridges of grim war. Milton. Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour. Grimace Gri*mace" (?), n. [F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. gr mask, specter, Ical. gr mask, hood, perh. akin to E. grin.] A distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary aad occasional, to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face. Moving his face into such a hideons grimace, that every feature of it appeared under a different distortion. Addison. NOTE: &hand; "H alf the French words used affectedly by Melantha in Dryden's "Marriage a-la-Mode," as innovations in our language, are now in common usa: chagrin, double--entendre, \'82claircissement, embarras, \'82quivoque, foible, grimace, na\'8bvete, ridicule. All these words, which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common use." I. Disraeli. Grimace Gri*mace", v. i. To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces. H. Martineau. Grimaced Gri*maced" (?), a. Distorted; crabbed. Grimalkin Gri*mal"kin (?), n. [For graymalkin; gray + malkin.] An old cat, esp. a she-cat. J. Philips. Grime Grime (?), n. [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. gr mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot, smut, and E. grimace.] Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained. Grime Grime, v. t. To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. Shak. Grimily Grim"i*ly (?), adv. In a grimy manner. Griminess Grim"i*ness n. The state of being grimy. Grimly Grim"ly (?), a. Grim; hideous; stern. [R.] In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet. D. Mallet. Grimly Grim"ly, adv. In a grim manner; fiercely. Shak. Grimme Grimme (?), n. [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African antelope (Cephalophus rufilotus) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; -- called also conquetoon. Grimness Grim"ness (?), n. [AS. grimnes.] Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness. Grimsir Grim"sir (?), n. A stern man. [Obs.] Burton. Grimy Grim"y (?), a. [Compar. Grimier (?); superl. Grimiest.] Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul. Grin Grin (?), n. [AS. grin.] A snare; a gin. [Obs.] Like a bird that hasteth to his grin. Remedy of Love. Grin Grin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grinning.] [OE. grinnen, grennen, AS. grennian, Sw. grina; akin to D. grijnen, G. greinen, OHG. grinan, Dan. grine. Groan.] 1. To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl. 2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter, acorn, or pain. The pangs of death do make him grin. Shak. Grin Grin, v. t. To express by grinning. Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.Milton. Grin Grin, n. The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or smeering smile. I.Watts. He showed twenty teeth at a grin. Addison. Grind Grind (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ground (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding.] [AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist.] 1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones. Take the millstones, and grind meal. Is. xivii. 2. 2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc. 3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass. To grind the subject or defraud the prince. Dryden. 4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang] Grind Grind (?), v. i. 1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones. Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind. Milton. 2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds well. 3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge. 4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate. 5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination. Farrar. Grind Grind, n. 1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction. 2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes. 3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang] Grinded Grind"ed, obs. p. p. of Grind. Ground. Sir W. Scott. Grindelia Grin*de"li*a (?), n. [NL. Named after D. H. Grindel, a Russian.] (Med.) The dried stems and leaves of tarweed (Grindelia), used as a remedy in asthma and bronchitis. Grinder Grind"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, grinds. 2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The restless flycatcher (Seisura inquieta) of Australia; -- called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes. Grinder's asthma, phthisis, OR rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding. Grindery Grind"er*y (?), n. Leather workers' materials. [Eng.] Grindery warehouse, a shop where leather workers' materials and tools are kept on sale. [Eng.] Grinding Grind"ing, a. & n. from Grind. Grinding frame, an English name for a cotton spinning machine. -- Grinding mill. (a) A mill for grinding grain. (b) A lapidary's lathe. Grindingly Grind"ing*ly, adv. In a grinding manner. [Colloq.] Grindle Grin"dle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The bowfin; -- called also Johnny Grindle. [Local, U. S.] Grindle stone Grin"dle stone" (?). A grindstone. [Obs.] Grindlet Grind"let (?), n. A small drain. Grindstone Grind"stone` (?), n. A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects. To hold, pat, OR bring one's nose to the grindstone, to oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude. They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the Laced\'91monians to hold their noses to the grindstone. Sir T. North. Grinner Grin"ner (?), n. One who grins. Addison. Grinningly Grin"ning*ly, adv. In a grinning manner. Grint Grint (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Grind, contr. from grindeth. [Obs.] Chaucer. Grinte Grin"te (?), obs. imp. of Grin, v. i., 1. [He] grinte with his teeth, so was he wroth. Chaucer. Grinting Grint"ing (?), n. Grinding. [Obs.] Chaucer. Grip Grip (?), n. [L. gryps, gryphus. See Griffin, Grype.] (Zo\'94l.) The griffin. [Obs.] Grip Grip, n. [Cf. AS. grip furrow, hitch, D. greb.] A small ditch or furrow. Ray. Grip Grip, v. t. To trench; to drain. Grip Grip, n. [AS. gripe. Cf. Grip, v. t., Gripe, v. t.] 1. An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in grasping. 2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic grip. 3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as, the grip of a sword. 4. A device for grasping or holding fast to something. Grip Grip, v. t. [From Grip a grasp; or P. gripper to seize; -- of German origin. See Gripe, v. t.] To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe. Gripe Gripe (?), n. [See Grype.] (Zo\'94l.) A vulture; the griffin. [Obs.] Like a white hind under the gripe's sharp claws. Shak. Gripe's egg, an alchemist's vessel. [Obs.] E. Jonson. Gripe Gripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Griped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Griping.] [AS. gripan; akin to D. grijpen, G. greifen, OHG. gr, Icel. gripa, Sw. gripe, Dan. gribe, Goth. greipan; cf. Lith. graibyti, Russ. grabite to plunder, Skr. grah, grabh, to seize. Cf. Grip, v. t., Grope.] 1. To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers; to clutch. 2. To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely. Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure ? Robynson (More's Utopia). 3. To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain purgative or indigestible substances. How inly sorrow gripes his soul. Shak. Gripe Gripe, v. i. 1. To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as with a gripe. 2. To suffer griping pains. Jocke. 3. (Naut.) To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when sailing closehauled, requires constant labor at the helm. R. H. Dana, Jr. <-- 4. to complain --> Gripe Gripe, n. 1. Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch. A barren scepter in my gripe. Shak. 2. That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; as, the gripe of a sword. 3. (Mech.) A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop a wheel. 4. Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress; as, the gripe of poverty. 5. Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; -- chiefly used in the plural. 6. (Naut.) (a) The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end; the forefoot. (b) The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind. (c) pl. An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad bands passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent swinging. Gripe penny, a miser; a niggard<-- ; a pinchpenny? -->. D. L. Mackenzie. Gripeful Gripe"ful (?), a. Disposed to gripe; extortionate. Griper Grip"er (?), a. One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner. Burton. Gripingly Grip"ing*ly (?), adv. In a griping or oppressive manner. Bacon. Griman Gri"man (?), n. The man who manipulates a grip. Grippe Grippe (?), n. [F.] (Med.) The influenza or epidemic catarrh. Dunglison. Gripper Grip"per (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, grips or seizes. 2. pl. In printing presses, the fingers or nippers. Gripple Grip"ple (?), n. A grasp; a gripe. [Obs.] Spenser. Gripple Grip"ple, a. [Dim. fr. gripe.] Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious. [Obs.] Spenser. Grippleness Grip"ple*ness, n. The quality of being gripple. [Obs.] Gripsack Grip"sack` (?), n. A traveler's handbag. [Colloq.] Gris Gris (?), a. [OF. & F., fr. LL. griseus; of German origin; cf. MHG. gris, G. greis, hoary. Cf. Grizzle.] Gray. [R.] Chaucer. Gris Gris (?), n. [OF., fr. gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See Gris, a.] A costly kind of fur. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gris Gris (gr&icr;s), n. sing. & pl. [See Grice a pig.] A little pig. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Grisaille Gri"saille` (?), n. [F., from gris gray.] 1. (Fine Arts) Decorative painting in gray monochrome; -- used in English especially for painted glass. 2. A kind of French fancy dress goods. Knight. Grisamber Gris"am`ber (?), n. [See Ambergris.] Ambergris. [Obs.] Milton. Grise Grise (gr&imac;s), n. See Grice, a pig. [Prov. Eng.] Grise Grise (gr&imac;s OR gr&emac;s), n. [Prop. pl. of gree a step.] A step (in a flight of stairs); a degree. [Obs.] Every grise of fortune Is smoothed by that below. Shak. Griseous Gris"e*ous (?), a. [LL. griseus. See Gris.] Of a light color, or white, mottled with black or brown; grizzled or grizzly. Maunder. Grisette Gri*sette" (?), n. [F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. gris gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore gray gowns made of this stuff. See Gars.] A French girl or young married woman of the lower class; more frequently, a young working woman who is fond of gallantry. Sterne. Griskin Gris"kin (?), n. [Grise a pig + -kin.] The spine of a hog. [Obs.] Grisled Gri"sled (?), a. [Obs.] See Grizzled. Grisliness Gris"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. Sir P. Sidney. Grisly Gris"ly (?), a. [OE, grisly, grislich, AS. grislic, gryslic, fr. gro shudder; cf. OD. grijselick horrible, OHG. grisenl?ch, and also AS. gre?san to frighten, and E. gruesome.] Frightful; horrible; dreadful; harsh; as, grisly locks; a grisly specter. "Grisly to behold." Chaucer. A man of grisly and stern gravity. Robynson (More's Utopia). Grisly bear. (Zo\'94l.) See under Grizzly. Grison Gri"son (?), n. [F., fr. grison gray, gray-haired, gris gray. See Gris.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A South American animal of the family Mustelidae (Galictis vittata). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail. Its under parts are black. Also called South American glutton. (b) A South American monkey (Lagothrix infumatus), said to be gluttonous. Grisons Gri"sons (?), n. pl. [F.] (Geog.) (a) Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps. (b) sing. The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons. Grist Grist (?), n. [AS. grist, fr. grindan. See Grind.] 1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces. Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store. Tusser. Q. 2. Supply; provision. Swift. 3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three strands. Knight. All is grist that comes to his mill, all that he has anything to do with is a source of profit. [Colloq.] -- To bring grist to the maill, to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source of profit. [Colloq.] Ayliffe. Gristle Gris"tle (?), n. [OE. gristel, gristil, AS. gristl; akin to OFries. gristel, grestel. Perh. a dim. of grist but cf. OHG. krustila, krostela. Cf. Grist.] (Anat.) Cartilage. See Cartilage. Bacon. Gristly Gris"tly (?), a. (Anat.) Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle; cartilaginous. Gristmill Grist"mill" (?), n. A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom mill. Grit Grit (?), n. [OE, greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS. gre\'a2t grit, sant, dust; akin to OS griott, OFries. gret gravel, OHG. grioz, G. griess, Icel. grj\'d3t, and to E. groats, grout. See Groats, Grout, and cf. Grail gravel.] 1. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles. 2. The coarse part of meal. _________________________________________________________________ Page 652 3. pl. Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats. 4. (Geol.) A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as, millstone grit; -- called also gritrock and gritstone. The name is also applied to a finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone grit. 5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of good grit. 6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage; fortitude. C. Reade. E. P. Whipple. Grit Grit (?), v. i. To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet; to grate; to grind. The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread. Goldsmith. Grit Grit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gritted; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gritting.] To grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the teeth. [Collog.] Grith Grith (?), n. [AS. gri\'eb peace; akin to Icel. grid.] Peace; security; agreement. [Obs.] Gower. Gritrock, Gritstone Grit"rock` (?), Grit"stone` (?) n. (Geol.) See Grit, n., 4. Grittiness Grit"ti*ness (?), n. The quality of being gritty. Gritty Grit"ty (?), a. 1. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full of hard particles. 2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding. [Colloq., U. S.] Grivet Griv"et (?), n. [Cf. F. grivet.] (Zo\'94l.) A monkey of the upper Nile and Abyssinia (Cercopithecus griseoviridis), having the upper parts dull green, the lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also tota. Grize Grize (?), n. Same as 2d Grise. [Obs.] Grizelin Griz"e*lin (?), a. See Gridelin. Grizzle Griz"zle (?), n. [F. gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray, fr. gris gray. See Gris, and cf. Grisaille.] Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black. Shak. Grizzled Griz"zled (?), a. Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white and black. Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks. Sir W. Scott. Grlzzly Grlz"zly (?), a. Somewhat gray; grizzled. Old squirrels that turn grizzly. Bacon. Grizzly bear (Zo\'94l.), a large and ferocious bear (Ursus horribilis) of Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the great length of its claws. Grizzly Griz"zly, n.; pl. Grizzlies (. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A grizzly bear. See under Grizzly, a. 2. pl. In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large stones from the sluices. [Local, U. S.] Raymond. Groan Groan (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groaning.] [OE. gronen, granen, granien, AS. gr, fr. the root of grennian to grin. \'fb35. See 2d Grin, and cf. Grunt.] 1. To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan. For we . . . do groan, being burdened. 2 Cor. v. 4. He heard the groaning of the oak. Sir W. Scott. 2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans. Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, Or that which groaneth to be so. Herbert. Groan Groan, v. t. To affect by groans. Groan Groan, n. A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong disapprobation; as, the remark was received with groans. Such groans of roaring wind and rain. Shak. The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak. Groanful Groan"ful (?), a. Agonizing; sad. [Obs.] Spenser. Groat Groat (?), n. [LG. gr\'d3te, orig., great, that is, a great piece of coin, larger than other coins in former use. See Great.] 1. An old English silver coin, equal to four pence. 2. Any small sum of money. Groats Groats (?), n. pl. [OE. grot, AS. gr\'betan; akin to Icel. grautr porridge, and to E. gritt, grout. See Grout.] Dried grain, as oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling, cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits. Embden groats, crushed oats. Grocer Gro"cer (?), n. [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by the gross, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier, marchand grossier, fr. gros large, great. See Gross.] A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities. Grocer's itch (Med.), a disease of the akin, caused by handling sugar and treacle. Grocery Gro"cer*y (?), n.; pl. Groceries (#). [F. grosserie wholesale. See Grocer.] 1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices, etc.; -- in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this sense. A deal box . . . to carry groceries in. Goldsmith. The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought grocery and millinery. Macaulay. 2. A retail grocer's shop or store. [U.s.]; Grog Grog (?), n. [So named fronm "Old Grog" a nickmname given to Admiral Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in foul weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the sailors (about 1745).] A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any intoxicating liquor. Grog blossom, a redness on the nose or face of persons who drink ardent spirits to excess. [Collog.] Groggery Grog"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Groggeries (#). A grogshop. [Slang, U. S.] Grogginess Grog"gi*ness (?), n. 1. State of being groggy. 2. (Man.) Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes him to move in a hobbling manner. Groggy Grog"gy (?), a. 1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs. [Colloq.] 2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of pugilists. [Cant or Slang] 3. (Man.) Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; -- said of a horse. Youatt. Grogram, Grogran Grog"ram (?), Grog"ran (?), n. [OF. gros-grain, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf. Grog.] A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk. Grogshop Grog"shop` (?), n. A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop. Groin Groin (?), n. [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.] The snout of a swine. [Obs.] Chaucer. Groin Groin, v. i. [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.] To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bears that groined coatinually. Spenser. Groin Groin, n. [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. gren, branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to distinguish, divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle. Cf. Grain a branch.] 1. (Anat.) The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen. 2. (Arch.) The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit. 3. (Math.) The surface formed by two such vaults. 4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle. [Eng.] Weale. Groin Groin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Groined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groining.] (Arch.) To fashion into groins; to build with groins. The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the aisles of Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity. Emerson. Groined Groined (?), a. (Arch.) Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a groined vault. <-- Illustr. of Groined Arch. --> Gromet Grom"et (?), n. Same as Grommet. Gromill Grom"ill (?), n. (Bot.) See Gromwell. Grommet Grom"met (?), n. [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma to curb.] 1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written grummet. 2. (Mil.) A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place. Gromwell Grom"well (?), n. [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray millet, all prob. fr. F. gr?mil, cf. W. cromandi.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The German gromwell is the Stellera. [Written also gromill.] Grond Grond (?), obs. imp. of Grind. Chaucer. Gronte Gron"te (?), obs. imp. of Groan. Chaucer. Groom Groom (?), n. [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym, man, lover, OD. grom boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion as in E. bridegroom, and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See Bridegroom.] 1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable. Spenser. 2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the groom of the stole. 3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom. Dryden. Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain privileges. Groom Groom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grooming.] To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse. Groomer Groom"er (?), n. One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses. Groomsman Grooms"man (?), n.; pl. Groomsmen (. A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; -- the correlative of bridesmaid<-- = best man -->. Grooper Groop"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grouper. Groove Groove (?), n. [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove. See Grove.] 1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut. 2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine. The gregarious trifling of life in the social groove. J. Morley. 3. [See Grove.] (Mining) A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.] Groove Groove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grooved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groving.] To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow. Groover Groov"er (?), n. 1. One who or that which grooves. 2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] Holloway. Grooving Groov"ing (?), n. The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of grooves. <-- Groovy [colloq] = marvelous, wonderful, excellent; hip --> Grope Grope (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groping.] [OE. gropen, gropien, grapien, AS. gr to touch, grope, fr. gr to gripe. See Gripe.] 1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.] 2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see. We grope for the wall like the blind. Is. lix. 10. To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a worldly life. Buckminster. Grope Grope, v. t. 1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at midnight. 2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer. Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe. Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ). Groper Grop"er (?), n. One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling. Groping-ly Grop"ing-ly, adv. In a groping manner. Gros Gros (?), n. [F. See Gross.] A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, gros de Naples; gros de Tours. Grosbeak Gros"beak (?), n. [Gross + beak: cf. F. gros-bec.] (Zo\'94l.) One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris. NOTE: &hand; Am ong th e be st kn own Am erican sp ecies ar e th e rose-breasted (Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca c\'d2rulea); the pine (Pinicola enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and Evening. [Written also grossbeak.] <-- illustr. Rose-breasted Grosbeak, (Habia Ludoviciana). --> Groschen Grosch"en (?), n. [G.] A small silver coin and money of account of Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new monetary system of the empire. Grosgrain Gros"grain` (?), a. [F. Cf. Grogram.] Of a coarse texture; -- applied to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise. Gross Gross (?), a. [Compar. Grosser (; superl. Grossest.] [F. gros, L. grossus, perh. fr. L. crassus thick, dense, fat, E. crass, cf. Skr. grathita tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. Engross, Grocer, Grogram.] 1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large. "A gross fat man." Shak. A gross body of horse under the Duke. Milton. 2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate. 3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or feeling; dull; witless. Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear. Milton. 4. Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure. The terms which are delicate in one age become gross in the next. Macaulay. 5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium. 6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence. 7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross sum, or gross amount, the gross weight; -- opposed to net. Gross adventure (Law) the loan of money upon bottomry, i. e., on a mortgage of a ship. -- Gross average (Law), that kind of average which falls upon the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; -- commonly called general average. Bouvier. Burrill. -- Gross receipts, the total of the receipts, before they are diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; -- distinguished from net profits. Abbott. -- Gross weight the total weight of merchandise or goods, without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; -- distinguished from neat, or net, weight. Gross Gross, n. [F. gros (in sense 1), grosse (in sense 2) See Gross, a.] 1. The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass. "The gross of the enemy." Addison. For the gross of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of cattle. Burke. 2. sing. & pl. The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a gross of bottles; ten gross of pens. Advowson in gross (Law), an advowson belonging to a person, and not to a manor. -- A great gross, twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four dozen. -- By the gross, by the quantity; at wholesale. -- Common in gross. (Law) See under Common, n. -- In the gross, In gross, in the bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken together. Grossbeak Gross"beak` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grosbeak. Gross-headed Gross"-head`ed (?), a. Thick-skulled; stupid. Grossification Gross`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Gross + L. ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] 1. The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so. 2. (Bot.) The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization. Henslow. Grossly Gross"ly, adv. In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully; disgracefully. Grossness Gross"ness, n. The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness. Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the' ear of delicacy. Dr. T. Dwight. Grossular Gros"su*lar (?), a. [NL. grossularius, from Grossularia a subgenus of Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F. groseille. See Gooseberry.] Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, grossular garnet. Grossular Gros"su*lar, n. [See Grossular, a.] (Min.) A translucent garnet of a pale green color like that of the gooseberry; -- called also grossularite. Grossularia Gros`su*la"ria (?), n. [NL. See Grossular.] (Min.) Same as Grossular. Grossulin Gros"su*lin (?), n. [See Grossular.] (Chem.) A vegetable jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (Ribes Grossularia) and other fruits. _________________________________________________________________ Page 653 Grot Grot (?), n. [F. grotte, It. grotta. See Grotto.] A grotto. [Poetic] Milton. Grot, Grote Grot, Grote (, n. A groat. [Obs.] Chaucer. Grotesgue Gro*tesgue" (?), a. [F., fr. It. grottesco, fr. grotta grotto. See Grotto.] Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. "Grotesque design." Dryden. "Grotesque incidents." Macaulay. Grotesque Gro*tesque, n. 1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and grottoes. Dryden. 2. Artificial grotto-work. Grotesquely Gro*tesque"ly, adv. In a grotesque manner. Grotesqueness Gro*tesque"ness, n. Quality of being grotesque. Grotto Grot"to (?), n.; pl. Grottoes (#). [Formerly grotta, fr. It. grotta, LL. grupta, fr. L. crypta a con cealed subterranran passage vault, cavern, Gr. Grot, Crypt.] A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment. Grotto-work Grot"to-work` (?), n. Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a grotto. Cowper. Ground Ground (?), n. [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. grind.] 1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it. There was not a man to till the ground. Gen. ii. 5. The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23. Hence: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth. 2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground. From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian ground. Milton. 3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are well kept. Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds. Dryden. 4. 4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope. 5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background, Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief. (c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels. 6. (Etching) A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle. 7. (Arch.) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural. NOTE: &hand; Gr ounds ar e us ually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them. 8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody. (b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. Moore (Encyc.). On that ground I'll build a holy descant. Shak. 9. (Elec.) A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit. 10. pl. Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds. 11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. -- Ground annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. -- Ground ash. (Bot.) See Groutweed. -- Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines. Simmonds. -- Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to collect the fish, Wallon. -- Ground bass OR base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody. -- Ground beetle (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family Carabid\'91, living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc. -- Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor. -- Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato (P. Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub (Prunus Cham\'91cerasus), with small, very acid fruit. -- Ground cuckoo. (Zo\'94l.) See Chaparral cock. -- Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender cotton. -- Ground dove (Zo\'94l.), one of several small American pigeons of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground. -- Ground fish (Zo\'94l.), any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. -- Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in England, the first floor. -- Ground form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root.<-- = lemma --> -- Ground furze (Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also rest-harrow. -- Ground game, hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game. -- Ground hele (Bot.), a perennial herb (Veronica officinalis) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties. -- Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected. -- Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus baccata var. Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. -- Ground hog. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck. (b) The aardvark. -- Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface. -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See Gill. -- Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper. -- Ground lark (Zo\'94l.), the European pipit. See Pipit. -- Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus. -- Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. -- Ground liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha). -- Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard. -- Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded. -- Ground parrakeet (Zo\'94l.), one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground. -- Ground pearl (Zo\'94l.), an insect of the family Coccid\'91 (Margarodes formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives. -- Ground pig (Zo\'94l.), a large, burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; -- called also ground rat. -- Ground pigeon (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above). -- Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga (A. Cham\'91pitys), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or germander, and named from its resinous smell. Sir L. Hill. (b) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum); -- called also club moss. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L. dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. Gray. -- Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. -- Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. -- Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. Knight. -- Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan. -- Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Astragalus caryocarpus) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. -- Ground rat. (Zo\'94l.) See Ground pig (above). -- Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. -- Ground robin. (Zo\'94l.) See Chewink. -- Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. Tatler. -- Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. -- Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above). -- Ground snake (Zo\'94l.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta am\'d2na). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail. -- Ground squirrel. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. -- Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above). -- Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues. -- Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased. -- Ground table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. -- Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. Totten. -- Ground thrush (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family Pittid\'91. See Pitta. -- Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. Totten. (b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. -- Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. Knight. -- Ground tit. (Zo\'94l.) See Ground wren (below). -- Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism. -- Ground wren (Zo\'94l.), a small California bird (Cham\'91a fasciata) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhibits the arid plains. Called also gronnd tit, and wren lit. -- To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break. -- To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. -- To gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed forward in confict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential. -- To get, OR To gather, ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist . . . gathers ground fast." Milton. There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by bidding higher. South. -- To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage. These nine . . . began to give me ground. Shak. --To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline. -- To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. Atterbury. -- To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a ship. Ground Ground (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grounding.] 1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground. 2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly. Being rooted and grounded in love. Eph. iii. 17. So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation. Sir W. Hamilton 3. To instruct in elements or first principles. 4. (Elec.) To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit. 5. (Fine Arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament. Ground Ground, v. i. To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the bar. Ground Ground, imp. & p. p. of Grind. Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock. Knight. -- Ground glass, glass the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding. -- Ground joint, a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water. Groundage Ground"age (?), n. A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port. Bouvier. Groundedly Ground"ed*ly, adv. In a grounded or firmly established manner. Glanvill. Grounden Ground"en (?), obs. p. p. of Grind. Chaucer. Grounding Ground"ing, n. The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis. Groundless Ground"less, a. [AS. grundle\'a0s bottomless.] Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false; as, groundless fear; a groundless report or assertion. -- Ground"less*ly, adv. -- Ground"less*ness, n. Groundling Ground"ling, n. [Ground + -ling.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach. 2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches. No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh. Coleridge. Groundly Ground"ly, adv. Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.] Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die as sure us fate. Marston. Groundnut Ground"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of the Arachis hypog\'91a (native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut. (b) A leguminous, twining plant (Apios tuberosa), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. (c) The dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia). [U. S.] Gray. (d) A European plant of the genus Bunium (B. flexuosum) having an edible root of a globular shape aud sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also earthnut, earth chestnut, hawknut, and pignut. Groundsel Ground"sel (?), n. [OE. grundswilie, AS. gpundeswylige, grundeswelge, earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan to swallow. So named as being good for a running from the eye. See Swallow, v.] (Bot.) An annual composite plant (Senecio vulgaris) one of the most common, and widely distributed weeds on the globe. Groundsel Ground"sel (?), n. [Ground + sill.] See Ground Groundsill Ground"sill` (?), plate (a), under Ground. Groundwork Ground"work` (?), n. That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle. Dryden. Group Group (?), n. [F groupe, It. gruppo, groppo, cluster, bunch, packet, group; of G. origin: cf. G. krepf craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See Crop, n.] 1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles. 2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata. 3. (Biol.) A variously limited assemblage of animals or planta, having some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders. 4. (Mus.) A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes. Group Group, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grouping.] [Cf. F. grouper. See Group, n.] To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of. The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters term it, in grouping such a multitude of different objects. Prior. Grouped columns (Arch.), three or moro columns placed upon the same pedestal. Grouper Group"er (?), n. [Corrupted fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Garbupa.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus Epinephelus, of the family Serranid\'91, as the red grouper, or brown snapper (E. morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw (E. nigritus), both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. (b) The tripletail (Lobotes). (c) In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes. [Written also groper, gruper, and trooper.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 654 Grouping Group"ing (?), n. (Fine Arts) The disposal or relative arrangement of figures or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in ornamental design. Grouse Grouse (?), n. sing. & pl. [Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice, fr. the earlier grice, OF. griesche meor hen: cf. F. piegri\'8ache shrike.] (Zo\'94l.) Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the family Tetraonid\'91, and subfamily Tetraonin\'91, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans (Lagopus), having feathered feet. NOTE: &hand; Among the European species are the red grouse (Lagopus Scoticus) and the hazel grouse (Bonasa betulina). See Capercaidzie, Ptarmigan, and Heath grouse. Among the most important American species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge (Bonasa umbellus); the sharp-tailed grouse (Pedioc\'91tes phasianellus) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (D. Canadensis). See also Prairie hen, and Sage cock. The Old World sand grouse (Pterocles, etc.) belong to a very different family. See Pterocletes, and Sand grouse. Grouse Grouse, v. i. To seek or shoot grouse. Grouser Grou"ser (?), n. (Dredging, Pile Driving, etc.) A pointed timber attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to thrust into the ground as a means of anchorage. Grout Grout (?), n. [AS. grut; akin to grytt, G. gr\'81tze, griess, Icel. grautr, Lith. grudas corn, kernel, and Z. groats.] 1. Coarse meal; ground malt; pl. groats. 2. Formerly, a kind of beer or ale. [Eng.] 3. pl. Lees; dregs; grounds. [Eng.] "Grouts of tea." Dickens. 4. A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of masonry and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in finishing the best ceilings. Gwilt. Grout Grout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouting.] To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones. Grauthead Graut"head` (?), n. [Obs.] See Growthead. Grouting Grout"ing, n. The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also, the grout thus filled in. Gwilt. Groutnol Grout"nol (?), n. [See Groat, and Noll, n.] [Obs.] Same as Growthead. Beau. & Fl. Grouty Grout"y (?), a. Cross; sulky; sullen. [Colloq.] Grove Grove (?), n. [AS. graf, fr. grafan to dig. The original sense seems to have been a lane cut through trees. See Grave, v., and cf. Groove.] A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small extent. NOTE: &hand; Th e He brew wo rd As herah, re ndered gr ove in th e Authorized Version of the Bible, is left untranslated in the Revised Version. Almost all modern interpreters agree that by Asherah an idol or image of some kind is intended. Grovel Grov"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groveled (?) or Grovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Groveling or Grovelling.] [From OE. grovelinge, grufelinge, adv., on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf. OE. gruf, groff, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel. gr&umac;fa, in &amac; gr&umac;fu on the face, prone, gr&umac;fa to grovel.] 1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie fiat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl. To creep and grovel on the ground. Dryden. 2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low, abject, or mean. Groveler Grov"el*er (?), n. One who grovels; an abject wretch. [Written also groveller.] Groveling Grov"el*ing, a. Lying prone; low; debased. [Written also grovelling.] "A groveling creature." Cowper. Grovy Grov"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or frequenting, groves. Dampier. Grow Grow (?), v. i. [imp. Grew (?); p. p. Grown (; p. pr. & vb. n. Growing.] [AS. grawan; akin to D. groeijen, Icel. groa, Dan. groe, Sw. gro. Cf. Green, Grass.] 1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their organs. 2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue. Winter began to grow fast on. Knolles. Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to me by Antipholus. Shak. 3. To spring up and come to matturity in a natural way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice grows in warm countries. Where law faileth, error groweth. Gower. 4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a cause; to become; as, to grow pale. For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary. Byron. 5. To become attached of fixed; to adhere. Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow. Shak. Growing cell, or Growing slide, a device for preserving alive a minute object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be watched under the microscope. -- Grown over, covered with a growth. -- To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem; to result from. These wars have grown out of commercial considerations. A. Hamilton. -- To grow up, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, grown up children. -- <-- ##error here in original: duplication of: To grow up --> To grow together, to close and adhere; to become united by growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. Howells.Syn. -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend. Grow Grow (?), v. t. To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow a crop; to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. Macaulay.Syn. -- To raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v. t., 3. Growable Grow"a*ble (?), a. Capable of growth. Growan Grow"an (?), n. [Cf. Arm. grouan gravel, Corn. grow gravel, sand.] (Mining.) A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin lodes in Cornwall. Grower Grow"er (?), n. One who grows or produces; as, a grower of corn; also, that which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow grower. Growl Growl (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Growled (?); p. pr. & vb. e. Growling.] [D. grollen to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. grollen to be angry.] To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound. Gay. Growl Growl, v. t. To express by growling. Thomson. Growl Growl, n. The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling sound. Growler Growl"er (?), n. 1. One who growls. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The large-mouthed black bass. [Local] 3. A four-wheeled cab. [Slang, Eng.] Growlingly Growl"ing*ly, adv. In a growling manner. Grown Grown (?), p. p. of Grow. Growse Growse (?), v. i. [Cf. gruesome, grcwsome, and G. grausen to make shudder, shiver.] To shiver; to have chills. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray. Growth Growth (?), n. [Icel. groGrow.] 1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as, the growth of trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance. Idle weeds are fast in growth. Shak. 2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product; consequence; effect; result. Nature multiplies her fertile growth. Milton. Growthead Growt"head` (?), n. [Lit., greathead.] A lazy person; a blockhead. [Obs.] Tusser. Growthful Growth"ful (?), a. Having capacity of growth. [R.] J. Hamilton. Groyne Groyne (?), n. [Obs.] See Groin. Grozing iron Gro"zing i"ron (?). 1. A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a diamond for cutting glass. 2. (Plumbing) A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead pipe. Knight. Grub Grub (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grubbed (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Grubbing (.] [OE. grubbin., cf. E. grab, grope.] 1. To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging. 2. To drudge; to do menial work. Richardson. Grub Grub, v. t. 1. To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; -- followed by up; as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge. They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin. Hare. 2. To supply with food. [Slang] Dickens. Grub Grub, n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; -- called also grubworm. See Illust. of Goldsmith beetle, under Goldsmith. Yet your butterfly was a grub. Shak. 2. A short, thick man; a dwarf. [Obs.] Carew. 3. Victuals; food. [Slang] Halliwell. Grub ax OR axe, a kind of mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc. -- Grub breaker. Same as Grub hook (below). -- Grub hoe, a heavy hoe for grubbing. -- Grub hook, a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps, breaking roots, etc. -- Grub saw, a handsaw used for sawing marble. -- Grub Street, a street in London (now called Milton Street), described by Dr. Johnson as "much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called grubstreet." As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the production of, Grub Street. I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays. Gap. Grubber Grub"ber, n. One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or tool of the nature of a grub ax, .grub hook, etc. Grubbla Grub"bla (?), v. t. & i. [Freq. of grub, but cf. grabble.] To feel or grope in the dark. [Obs.] Dryden. Grubby Grub"by, a. [From Grub.] Dirty; unclean. [Colloq.] The grubby game of marbles. Lond. Sat. Rev. Grubby Grub"by, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Cottus; a sculpin. [Local, U. S.] Grubworm Grub"worm (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grub, n., 1. And gnats and grubworms crowded on his view. C. Smart. Grucche Grucche (?), v. i. [See Grudge.] To murmur; to grumble. [Obs.] What aileth you, thus for grucche and groan. Chaucer. Grudge Grudge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grudger (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grudging.] [OE. grutchen, gruchen, grochen, to murmur, grumble, OF. grochier, grouchier, grocier, groucier; cf. Icel. krytja to murmur, krutr a murmur, or E. grunt.] 1. To look upon with desire to possess or to appropriate; to envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet; to give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; -- followed by the direct object only, or by both the direct and indirect objects. Tis not in thee To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train. Shak. I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not grudge us our employments. Swift. They have grudged us contribution. Shak. 2. To hold or harbor with malicioua disposition or purpose; to cherish enviously. [Obs.] Perish they That grudge one thought against your majesty ! Shak. Grudge Grudge (?), v. i. 1. To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant. Grudge not one against another. James v. 9. He eats his meat without grudging. Shak. 2. To feel compunction or grief. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher. Grudge Grudge, n. 1. Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or dislike; ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel. Esau had conceived a mortal grudge and eumity against hie brother Jacob. South. The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a grudge. I. Taylor. 2. Slight symptom of disease. [Obs.] Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling againat the grudges of more dreaded calamities. Milton. Syn. -- Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See Pique. Grudgeful Grudge"ful (?), a. Full of grudge; envious. "Grudgeful discontent." Spenser. Grudgeons, Gurgeons Grud"geons (?), Gur"geons (, n. pl. [Prob. from P. grugir to craunch; cf. D. gruizen to crush, grind, and E. grout.] Coarse meal. [Obs.] Gruddger Gruddg"er (?), n. One who grudges. Grudgingly Grudg"ing*ly, adv. In a grudging manner. Grudgingness Grudg"ing*ness, n. The state or quality of grudging, or of being full of grudge or unwillingness. Gruel Gru"el (?), n. [OF. gruel, F. gruau; of German origin; cf. OHG. gruzzi groats, G. gr\'81tze, As. grut. See Grout.] A light, liquid food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or fiour in water or milk; thin porridge. Gruelly Gru"el*ly, a. Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel. Gruesome Grue"some (?), a. Same as Grewsome. [Scot.] Gruf Gruf (?), adv. [Cf. Grovel.] Forwards; with one's face to the ground. [Obs.] They fellen gruf, and cryed piteously. Chaucer. Gruff Gruff (?), a. [Compar. Gruffer (; superl. Gruffest.] [D. grof; akin to G. grob, OHG. gerob, grob, Dan. grov, Sw. grof, perh. akin to AS. rc\'a2fan to break, Z. reavc, rupture, g- standing for the AS. prefix ge-, Goth. ga-.] Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour; surly; severe; harsh. Addison. Gruff, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks. Thackeray. -- Gruff"ly, adv. -- Gruff"ness, n. Grugru palm Gru"gru palm" (?). (Bot.) A West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See Macaw tree, under Macaw. [Written also grigri palm.] Grugru worm Gru"gru worm" (?). (Zo\'94l.) The larva or grub of a large South American beetle (Calandra palmarum), which lives in the pith of palm trees and sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a delicacy. Grum Grum (?), a. [Cf. Dan. grum furious, Sw. grym, AS. gram, and E. grim, and grumble. 1. Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim. "Nick looked sour and grum." Arbuthnof. 2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as, Grumble Grum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grunbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grumbling (?).] [Cf. LG. grummeln, grumman, D. grommelen, grommen, and F. grommeler, of German origin; cf. W. grwm, murmur, grumble, surly. &root;35. Cf. Grum, Grim.] 1. To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner. L'Avare, not using half his store, Still grumbles that he has no more. Prior. 2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion grumbling over his prey. 3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; as, the distant thunder grumbles. Grumble Grum"ble, v. t. To express or utter with grumbling. Grumble Grum"ble, n. 1. The noise of one that grumbles. 2. A grumbling, discontented disposition. A bad case of grumble. Mrs. H. H. Jacksn. Grumbler Grum"bler (?), n. One who grumbles. Grumblingly Grum"bling*ly, adv. In a grumbling manner. Grume Grume (?), n. [OF. grume, cf. F. grumeau a little heap, clot of blood, dim. fr. L. grumus.] A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood. Quincy. Grumbly Grumb"ly (?), adv. In a grum manner. Grumose Gru*mose" (?), a. (Bot.) Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous. Grumous Gru"mous (?), a. [Cf. F. grumeleux. See Grume.] 1. Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted; as, grumous blood. 2. (Bot.) See Grumose. Grumousness Gru"mous*ness, n. The state of being grumous. gRUMPILY gRUMPI*LY (?), ADV. In a surly manner; sullenly. [Colloq.] gRUMPY gRUMPY (?), a. [Cf. Grumblle, and Grum.] Surly; dissatisfied; grouty. [Collog.] Ferby. Grundel Grun"del (?), n. [See Groundling.] (Zo\'94l.) A groundling (fish). [Prov. Eng.] Grundsel Grundsel (?), n. Grounsel. [Obs.] Grunt Grunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grunting.] [OE. grunten; akin to As. grunian, G. grunzen, Dan. grynte, Sw. grymta; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E. groan.] To make a deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound. Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life. Shak. Grunting ox (Zo\'94l.), the yak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 655 Grunt Grunt (?), n. 1. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of American food fishes, of the genus H\'91mulon, allied to the snappers, as, the black grunt (A. Plumieri), and the redmouth grunt (H. aurolineatus), of the Southern United States; -- also applied to allied species of the genera Pomadasys, Orthopristis, and Pristopoma. Called also pigfish, squirrel fish, and grunter; -- so called from the noise it makes when taken. Grunter Grunt"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog. "Bristled grunters." Tennyson. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of several American marine fishes. See Sea robin, and Grunt, n., 2. 3. (Brass Founding) A hook used in lifting a crucible. Gruntingly Grunt"ing*ly, adv. In a grunting manner. Gruatle Grua"tle (?), v. i. [Freq. of grunt.] To grunt; to grunt repeatedly. [Obs.] Gruntling Grunt"ling (?), n. A young hog. Grutch Grutch (?), v. See Grudge. [Obs.] Hudibras. Gruy\'8are cheese Gru"y\'8are` cheese\'b6 (Gruy\'8are, Switzerland. It is a firm cheese containing numerous cells, and is known in the United States as Schweitzerk\'84se. Gry Gry (?), n. [Gr 1. A measure equal to one tenth of a line. [Obs.] Locke. 2. Anything very small, or of little value. [R.] Gryde Gryde (?), v. i. To gride. See Gride. Spenser. Gryfon Gryf"on (?), n. [Obs.] See Griffin. Spenser. Gryllus Gryl"lus (?), n. [L., locust.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of insects including the common crickets. Grype Grype (?), v. t. To gripe. [Obs.] See Gripe. Spenser. Grype Grype, n. [Gr. gry`f, grypo`s, griffin. See Griffin.] (Zo\'94l.) A vulture; the griffin. [Written also gripe.] [Obs.] Gryph\'91a Gry*ph\'91"a (?), n. [NL., fr. I gryphus, or qryps, gen. gryphis, a griffin.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of cretaceous fossil shells allied to the oyster. Gryphite Gryph"ite (?), n. [Cf. F. gryphite.] (Paleon.) A shell of the genus Gryphea. Gryphon Gryph"on (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The griffin vulture. Grysbok Grys"bok (?) n. [D. grijs gray + bok buck.] (Zo\'94l.) A small South African antelope (Neotragus melanotis). It is speckled with gray and chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish fawn. Guacharo Gua*cha"ro (?), n. [Cf. Sp. gu\'a0charo sickly, dropsical, guacharaca a sort of bird.] (Zo\'94l.) A nocturnal bird of South America and Trinidad (Steatornis Caripensis, or S. steatornis); -- called also oilbird. NOTE: &hand; It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but feeds on fruits, and nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in place of butter, is extracted from the young by the natives. Guacho Gua"cho (?), n.; pl. Guachos ( [Spanish American.] 1. One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian) inhabitants of the pampas of South America; a mestizo. 2. An Indian who serves as a messenger. Guaco Gua"co (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A plant (Aristolochia anguicida) of Carthagena, used as an antidote to serpent bites. Lindley. (b) The Mikania Guaco, of Brazil, used for the same purpose. Guaiac Gua"iac (?), a. [See Guaiacum.] Pertaining to, or resembling, guaiacum. -- n. Guaiacum. Guaiacum Gua"ia*cum (?), n. [NL., fr. Sp. guayaco, from native name in Hayti.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of small, crooked trees, growing in tropical America. 2. The heart wood or the resin of the Guaiacum offinale or lignum-vit\'91, a large tree of the West Indies and Central America. It is much used in medicine. [Written also guaiac.] Guan Guan (?), n. ((Zo\'94l.) Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of Certal and South America, belonging to Penelope, Pipile, Ortalis, and allied genera. Several of the species are often domesticated. Guana Gua"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Iguana. Guanaco Gua*na"co (?), n.; pl. Guanacos (#). [Sp. guanaco, Peruv. huanacu. Cf. Huanaco.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American mammal (Auchenia huanaco), allied to the llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting the southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to be the llama in a wild state. [Written also huanaco.] Guanidine Gua"ni*dine (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A strongly alkaline base, CN3H5, formed by the oxidation of guanin, and also obtained combined with methyl in the decomposition of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it yields urea and ammonia.<-- NH2.CNH.NH2 --> Guaniferous Gua*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Guano + -ferous.] Yielding guano. Ure. Guanin Gua"nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline substance (C5H5N5O) contained in guano. It is also a constituent of the liver, pancreas, and other glands in mammals. Guano Gua"no (?), n.; pl. Guanos (#). [Sp. guano, fr. Peruv. huanu dung.] A substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful fertilizer. Guara Gua"ra (?), n. [Braz. guar\'a0.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The scarlet ibis. See Ibis. (b) A large-maned wild dog of South America (Canis jubatus) -- named from its cry. Guarana Gua"ra*na` (?), n. [Pg.] (Med.) A preparation from the seeds of Paullinia sorbilis, a woody climber of Brazil, used in making an astringent drink, and also in the cure of headache. Guaranine Gua"ra*nine` (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same as Caffeine. Guarantee Guar`an*tee" (?), n.; pl. Guarantees (#). [For guaranty, prob. influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantee.] 1. In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the failure of another person, who is, in the first instance, liable to such payment or performance; an engagement which secures or insures another against a contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as Guaranty. His interest seemed to be a guarantee for his zeal. Macaulay. 2. One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another performed; a guarantor. South. NOTE: &hand; Guarantor is the correct form in this sense. 3. (Law) The person to whom a guaranty is made; -- the correlative of guarantor. Syn. -- Guarantee, Warranty. A guarantee is an engagement that a certain act will be done or not done in future. A warranty is an engagement as to the qualities or title of a thing at the time of the engagement. Guarantee Guar"an*tee`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. guaranteed (?); p, pr. & vb. n. Guaranteeing.] [From Guarantee, n.] In law and common usage: to undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the performance of (a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure (a possession, right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified contingency, or at all avents; to give a guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or secure as a thing that may be depended on; to warrant; as, to guarantee the execution of a treaty. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government. Constitution of the U. S. Guarantor Guar"an*tor` (?), n. [See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantor.] (Law) (a) One who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; a surety. (b) One who engages to secure another in any right or possession. Guaranty Guar"an*ty (?), n.; pl. Guaranies (#). [OF. guarantie, garantie, F. garantie, OF. guarantir, garantir, to warrant, to guaranty, E. garantir, fr. OF. guarant, garant, a warranter, F. garant; of German origin, and from the same word as warranty. See Warrant, and cf. Warranty, Guarantee.] In law and common usage: An undertaking to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some contract or duty, of another, in case of the failure of such other to pay or perform; a guarantee; a warranty; a security. Guaranty Guar"an*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarantied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guarantying.] [From Guaranty, n.] In law and common usage: To undertake or engage that another person shall perform (what he hass stipulated); to undertake to be answerable for (the debt or default of another); to engage to answer for the performance of (some promise or duty by another) in case of a failure by the latter to perform; to undertake to secure (something) to another, as in the case of a contingency. See Guarantee, v. t. NOTE: &hand; Gu aranty ag rees in form with warranty. Both guaranty and guarantee are well authorized by legal writers in the United States. The prevailing spelling, at least for the verb, is guarantee. Guard Guard (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarded; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gurding.] [OF. guarder, garder, warder, F. garder, fr. OHG. wart to be on the watch, await, G. marten. See Ward, v. & n., and cf. Guard, n.] 1. To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to defend; to shelter; to shield from surprise or attack; to protect by attendance; toaccompany for protection; to vare for. For Heaven still guards the right. Shak. 2. To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain from acts of violence, or the like. 3. To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border; hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc. <-- ( The body of your discourse it sometime guarded with fragments, and the guards are but slightly basted on neither. Shak. 4. To fasten by binding; to gird. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Syn. -- To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch. Guard Guard (g&aum;rd), v. i. To watch by way of caution or defense; to be caution; to be in a state or position of defense or safety; as, careful persons guard against mistakes. Guard Guard, n. [OF. guarde, F. garde; of German origin; cf. OHG. wart, marto, one who watches, mata a watching, Goth. wardja watchman. See Guard, v. t.] 1. One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger, exposure, or attack; defense; protection. His greatness was no guard to bar heaven's shaft. Shak. 2. A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a person or position; a watch; a sentinel. The guard which kept the door of the king's house. Kings xiv. 27. 3. One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway train; a conductor. [Eng.] 4. Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or secure against injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or loss; as: (a) That part of a sword hilt which protects the hand. (b) Ornamental lace or hem protecting the edge of a garment. (c) A chain or cord for fastening a watch to one's person or dress. (d) A fence or rail to prevent falling from the deck of a vessel. (e) An extension of the deck of a vessel beyond the hull; esp., in side-wheel steam vessels, the framework of strong timbers, which curves out on each side beyond the paddle wheel, and protects it and the shaft against collision. (f) A plate of metal, beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a gun or pistol, having a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger. (g) (Bookbinding) An interleaved strip at the back, as in a scrap book, to guard against its breaking when filled. 5. A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber exercise. 6. An expression or admission intended to secure against objections or censure. They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions as I. Atterbury. 7. Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep guard. 8. (Zo\'94l.) The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone of the Belemnites. NOTE: &hand; Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as, guard boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard duty. Advanced guard, Coast guard, etc. See under Advanced, Coast, etc. -- Grand guard (Mil.), one of the posts of the second line belonging to a system of advance posts of an army. Mahan. -- Guard boat. (a) A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good lookout. (b) A boat used by harbor authorities to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations. -- Guard cells (Bot.), the bordering cells of stomates; they are crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll. -- Guard chamber, a guardroom. -- Guard detail (Mil.men from a company regiment etc., detailed for guard duty. -- Guard duty (Mil.), the duty of watching patrolling, etc., performed by a sentinel or sentinels. -- Guard lock (Engin.), a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin. -- Guard of honor (Mil.), a guard appointed to receive or to accompany eminent persons. -- Guard rail (Railroads), a rail placed on the inside of a main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard against derailment. -- Guard ship, a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive seamen till they can be distributed among their respective ships. -- Life guard (Mil.), a body of select troops attending the person of a prince or high officer. -- Off one's guard, in a careless state; inattentive; unsuspicious of danger. -- On guard, serving in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel; watching. -- On one's guard, in a watchful state; alert; vigilant. -- To mount guard (Mil.), to go on duty as a guard or sentinel. -- To run the guard/mcol>, to pass the watch or sentinel without leave. Syn. -- Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort; care; attention; watch; heed. Guardable Guard"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gardable. See Guard, v. t.] Capable of being guarded or protected. Guardage Guard"age (?), n. [Cf. OF. wardage. See Guard, v. t.] Wardship [Obs.] Shak. Guardant Guard"ant (?), a. [OF. guardant, p. pr. of guard. See Guard, v. t.] 1. Acting as guardian. [Obs.] Shak. 2. (Her.) Same as Gardant. Guardant Guard"ant, n. A guardian. [Obs.] Shak. Guarded Guard"ed, a. Cautious; wary; circumspect; as, he was guarded in his expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were guarded. -- Guard"edly, adv. -- Guard"ed*ness, n. Guardenage Guard"en*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs. & R.] " His tuition and guardenage." Holland. Guarder Guard"er (?), n. One who guards. Guardfish Guard"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The garfish. Guardful Guard"ful (?), a. Cautions; wary; watchful. [Obs. or Poetic.] -- Guard"ful*ly, adv. Guardhouse Guard"house` (?), n. (Mil.) A building which is occupied by the guard, and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up. Guardian Guard"i*an (?), n. [OF. guardain, gardien, F. gardien, LL. guardianus. See Guard, v. t., and cf. Wasden.] 1. One who guards, preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or thing is committed for protection, security, or preservation from injury; a warden. 2. (Law) One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person or property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own affairs. Of the several species of guardians, the first are guardians by nature. -- viz., the father and (in some cases) the mother of the child. Blockstone. Guardian ad litem ( (Law), a guardian appointed by a court of justice to conduct a particular suit. -- Guardians of the poor, the members of a board appointed or elected to care for the relief of the poor within a township, or district. _________________________________________________________________ Page 656 Guardian Guard"i*an (?), a. Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a protector; as, a guardian care. Feast of Guardian Angels (R. C. Ch.) a church festival instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October 2d. -- Guardian angel. (a) The particular spiritual being believed in some branches of the Christian church to have guardianship and protection of each human being from birth. (b) Hence, a protector or defender in general. O. W. Holmes. -- Guardian spirit, in the belief of many pagan nations, a spirit, often of a deceased relative or friend, that presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a region. Guardianage Guard"i*an*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.] Guardiance Guard"i*ance (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.] Guardianess Guard"i*an*ess (?), n. A female guardian. I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess. Beau. & Fl. Guardianless Guard"i*an*less, a. Without a guardian. Marston. Guardianship Guard"i*an*ship, n. The office, duty, or care, of a guardian; protection; care; watch. Guardless Guard"less (?), a. Without a guard or defense; unguarded. Chapman. Guardroom Guard"room` (?), n. (Mil.) The room occupied by the guard during its term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined. Guards Guards (g&aum;rdz), n. pl. A body of picked troops; as, "The Household Guards." Guardship Guard"ship, n. Care; protection. [Obs.] Swift. Guardsman Guards"man (?), n.; pl. Guardsmen (. 1. One who guards; a guard. 2. A member, either officer or private, of any military body called Guards. Guarish Guar"ish (?), v. t. [OF. guarir, garir, F. gu\'82rir.] To heal. [Obs.] Spenser. Guatemala grass Gua`te*ma"la grass" (?). (Bot.) See Teosinte. Guava Gua"va (?), n. [Sp. guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the guava tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.] A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus Psidium. Two varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum, or white guava, and P. pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly. Gubernance Gu"ber*nance (?), n. Government. [Obs.] Gubernate Gu"ber*nate (?), v. t. [L. gubernatus, p. p. of gubernare. See Govern.] To govern. [Obs.] Cockeram. Gubernation Gu"ber*na`tion (?), n. [L. gubernatio.] The act of governing; government [Obs.] I. Watts. Gubernative Gu"ber*na*tive (?), a. Governing. [Obs.] Gubernatorial Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al (?), a. [L. gubernator governor. See Gabernate.] Pertaining to a governor, or to government. Gudgeon Gud"geon (?), n. [OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or gob, Gr. 1st Goby. ] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A small European freshwater fish (Gobio fluviatilis), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait. In America the killifishes or minnows are often called gudgeons. 2. What may be got without skill or merit. Fish not, with this melancholy bait, For this fool gudgeon, this opinion. Shak. 3. A person easily duped or cheated. Swift. 4. (Mach.) The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden shaft or axle, on which it turns; formerly, any journal, or pivot, or bearing, as the pintle and eye of a hinge, but esp. the end journal of a horizontal. 6. (Naut.) A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to receive the pintle of the rudder. Ball gudgeon. See under Ball. Gudgeon Gud"geon, v. t. To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon. [R.] To be gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you. Sir IV. Scott. Gue Gue (?), n. A sharper; a rogue. [Obs.] J. Webstar. Gueber Guebre Gue"ber Gue"bre (?), n. Same as Gheber. Guelderrose' Guel"der*rose' (?), n. [Supposed to be brought from Guelderland; hence, D. Geldersche roos, G. Gelderische rose, F. rose de Gueldre, It. rose di Gueldra, Sp. rosa de Gueldres.] (Bot.) A cultivated variety of a species of Viburnum (V. Opulus), bearing large bunches of white flowers; -- called also snowball tree. Guelph, Guelf Guelph, Guelf (?), n. [It. Guelfo, from Welf, the name of a German family.] (Hist.) One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope, and opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors. Guelphic, Guelfic Guelph"ic, Guelf"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the family or the facttion of the Guelphs. Guenon Guenon" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several long-tailed Oriental monkeys, of the genus Cercocebus, as the green monkey and grivet. Gueparde Gue`parde" (?), n. [Cf. F. gu\'82pard.] (Zo\'94l.) The cheetah. Guerdon Guer"don (?), n. [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl; widar again, against (G. wider wieder) + l&omac;n reward, G. lohn, akin to AS. le\'a0n Goth. laun. See Withers.] A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a bad sense. Macaulay. So young as to regard men's frown or smile As loss or guerdon of a glorious lot. Byron. He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just guerdon of all his former villainies. Knolles. Guerdon Guer"don (?), v. t. [OF. guerdonner, guerredonner. See Guerdon, n.] To give guerdon to; to reward; to be a recompense for. [R.] Him we gave a costly bribe To guerdon silence. Tennyson. Guerdonable Guer"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. guerredonable.] Worthy of reward. Sir G. Buck. Guerdonless Guer"don*less, a. Without reward or guerdon. Guereza Gue*re"za (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful Abyssinian monkey (Colobus guereza), having the body black, with a fringe of long, silky, white hair along the sides, and a tuft of the same at the end of the tail. The frontal band, cheeks, and chin are white. Guerilla Gue*ril"la (?), a. See Guerrilla. Guerite Guer"ite (?), n. [F. gu\'82rite.] (Fort.) A projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of works, or the acute angles of bastions. Guernsey lily Guern"sey lil"y (?). (Bot.) A South African plant (Nerine Sarniensis) with handsome lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey. Guerrilla Guer*ril"la (?), n. [Sp., lit., a little war, skirmish, dim. of guerra war, fr. OHG. werra discord, strife. See War.] 1. An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular war. 2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare; especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory excursions in war time. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm gu errilla is the diminutive of the Spanish word guerra, war, and means petty war, that is, war carried on by detached parties; generally in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able, according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on what the law terms a regular war. F. Lieder. Guerrilla Guer*ril"la, a. Pertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly and by independent bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla warfare. Guess Guess (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guessing.] [OE. gessen; akin to Dan. gisse, Sw. gissa, Icel. gizha, D. gissen: cf. Dan. giette to guess, Icel. geta to get, to guess. Probably originally, to try to get, and akin to E. get. See Get.] 1. To form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge; to judge of at random; to conjecture. First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess. Pope. 2. To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem preponderating, but are not decisive. We may then guess how far it was from his design. Milton. Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress, To be Taxallan enemies I guess. Dryden. 3. To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly; as, he who guesses the riddle shall have the ring; he has guessed my designs. 4. To hit upon or reproduce by memory. [Obs.] Tell me their words, as near as thou canst guess them. Shak. 5. To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; -- followed by an objective clause. Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do make our entrance several ways. Shak. But in known images of life I guess The labor greater. Pope. Syn. -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think; imagine; fancy. -- To Guess, Think, Reckon. Guess denotes, to attempt to hit upon at random; as, to guess at a thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to guess a riddle; to guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The use of the word guess for think or believe, although abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a thing about which there is no uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to bed. Guess Guess, v. i. To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; -- with at, about, etc This is the place, as well as I may guess. Milton. Guess Guess, n. An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise. A poet must confess His art 's like physic -- but a happy guess. Dryden. Guessable Guess"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guessed. Guesser Guess"er (?), n. One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without means of knowing. Guessingly Guess"ing*ly, adv. By way of conjecture. Shak. Guessive Guess"ive (?), a. Conjectural. [Obs.] Feltham. Guess rope Guess" rope" (?). (Naut.) A guess warp. Guess warp Guess" warp" (?). (Naut.) A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along; -- so called because it is necessary to guess at the length to be carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant object. Guesswork Guess"work` (?), n. Work performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture. Guest Guest (?), n. [OE. gest, AS. g\'91st, gest; akin to OS., D., & G. gust, Icel gestr, Sw. g\'84st, Dan. Gj\'84st, Goth. gast, Russ. goste, and to L. hostis enemy, stranger; the meaning stranger is the older one, but the root is unknown. Cf. Host an army, Hostile.] 1. A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay. To cheer his gueste, whom he had stayed that night. Spenser. True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest. Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest. Pope. Guest Guest (?), v. t. To receive or entertain hospitably. [Obs.] Sylvester. Guest Guest, v. i. To be, or act the part of, a guest. [Obs.] And tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested here so late. Chapman. Guest rope Guest" rope" (?). (Naut.) The line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Guestwise Guest"wise" (?), adv. In the manner of a guest. Gue'vi Gue'vi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several very small species and varieties of African antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape guevi or kleeneboc (C. pyg. m\'91a); -- called also pygmy antelope. Guffaw Guf*faw" (, n. A loud burst of laughter, a horse laugh. "A hearty low guffaw." Carlyle. Guffer Guf"fer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The eelpout; guffer eel. Guggle Gug"gle (?), v. i. See Gurgle. Guhr Guhr (?), n. [G.] A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a mixture of clay or ocher. P. Cleaveland. Guiac Gui"ac (?), n. Same as Guaiac. Guiacol Gui"a*col (?), n. [Guiac + -ol.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, C6H4,OCH3.OH<-- ##comma in original. error? -->, resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar creosote, aud produced by the dry distillation of guaiac resin. Guiacum Gui"a*cum (?), n. Same as Guaiacum. Guib Guib (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A West African antelope (Tragelaphus scriptus), curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn ground, and hence called harnessed antelope; -- called also guiba. Guicowar Gui"co*war (?), n. [Mahratta g&amac;ekw&amac;r, prop., a cowherd.] The title of the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; -- generally called the Guicowar of Baroda, which is the capital of the country. Guidable Guid"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or counseled. Sprat. Guidage Guid"age (?), n. [See Guide.] 1. The reward given to a guide for services. [R.] Ainsworth. 2. Guidance; lead; direction. [R.] Southey. Guidance Guid"ance (?), n. [See Guide.] The act or result of guiding; the superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government; a leading. His studies were without guidance and without plan. Macaulay. Guide Guide (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guided; p. pr. & vb. n. Guiding.] [OE. guiden, gyden, F. guiaer, It. guidare; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. ritan to watch over, give heed to, Icel. viti signal, AS. witan to know. The word prob. meant, to indicate, point to, and hence, to show the way. Cf. Wit, Guy a rope, Gye.] 1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to pilot; as, to guide a traveler. I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's court. Shak. 2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or morally; to train. He will guide his affairs with discretion. Ps. cxii. 5. The meek will he guide in judgment. Ps. xxv. 9. Guide Guide, n. [OE. giae, F. guide, It. guida. See Guide, v. t.] 1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook. 2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of lifo; a director; a regulator. He will be our guide, even unto death. Ps. xlviii. 14. 3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an operator; as: (a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel buckets. (b) (Surgery) A grooved director for a probe or knife. (c) (Printing) A strip or device to direct the compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting. 4. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directiug flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in tactics. Farrow. Guide bar (Mach.), the part of a steam engine on which the crosshead slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel motion; -- called also guide, and slide bar. -- Guide block (Steam Engine), a block attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar. -- Guide meridian. (Surveying) See under Meridian. -- Guide pile (Engin.), a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to work to. -- Guide pulley (Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing the line of motion of belt; an idler. Knight. -- Guide rail (Railroads), an additional rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients. Guideboard Guide"board` (?), n. A board, as upon a guidepost having upon it directions or information as to the road. Lowell. Guidebook Guide"book` (?), n. A book of directions and information for travelers, tourists, etc. Guideless Guide"less, a. Without a guide. Dryden. Guidepost Guide"post` (?), n. A post at the fork of a road, with a guideboard on it, to direct travelers. Guider Guid"er (?), n. A guide; a director. Shak. Guideress Guid"er*ess (?), n. A female guide. [Obs.] Chaucer. Guidguid Guid"guid` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American ant bird of the genus Hylactes; -- called also barking bird. Guidon Gui"don (?), n. [F. guidon, It. guidone. See Guide, v. t.] 1. A small flag or streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is broad at one end and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to direct the movements of a body of infantry, or to make signals at sea; also, the flag of a guild or fraternity. In the United States service, each company of cavalry has a guidon. The pendants and guidons were carried by the officer of the army. Evelyn. _________________________________________________________________ Page 657 2. One who carries a flag. Johnson. 3. One of a community established at Rome, by Charlemagne, to guide pilgrims to the Holy Land. Gulge Gulge (?), n. [Obs.] See Gige. Guild Guild (?), n. [OE. gilds, AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, a society or company where payment was made for its charge and support, fr. AS. gildan, gieldan, to pay. See Yield, v. t.] 1. An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a business fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers' Guild; the Ironmongers' Guild. They were originally licensed by the government, and endowed with special privileges and authority. 2. A guildhall. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. A religious association or society, organized for charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work. Guildable Guild"a*ble (?), a. Liable to a tax. [Obs.] Guilder Guil"der (?), n. [D. gulden, orig., golden. Cf. Golden.] A Dutch silver coin worth about forty cents; -- called also florin and gulden. Guildhall Guild"hall` (?), n. The hall where a guild or corporation usually assembles; a townhall. Guile Guile (?), n. [OE. guile, gile, OF. guile; of German origin, and the same word as E. wile. See Wile.] Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice; duplicity; wile; deceit; treachery. Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile. John i. 47. To wage by force or guile eternal war. Milton. Guile Guile, v. t. [OF. guiler. See Guile, n.] To disguise or conceal; to deceive or delude. [Obs.] Spenser. Guileful Guile"ful (?), a. Full of guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or treachery; guilty. -- Guile"ful*ly, adv. -- Guile"ful*ness, n. Guileless Guile"less, a. Free from guile; artless. -- Guile"less*ly, adv. Guile"less*ness, n. Guilor Guil"or (?), n. [Cf. OF. guileor.] A deceiver; one who deludes, or uses guile. [Obs.] Spenser. Guillemet Guil"le*met` (?), n. [F.] A quotation mark. [R.] Guillemot Guil"le*mot` (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and swimmers. NOTE: &hand; Th e common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus Uria (as U. troile); the black or foolish guillemot (Cepphus grylle, formerly Uria grylle), is called also sea pigeon and eligny. See Murre. Guillevat Guil`le*vat" [?], n. [F. guilloire (fr. guiller to work, ferment)+ E. vat.] A vat for fermenting liquors. Guilloche Guil"loche` (?), n. [F. guillochis; -- said to be fr. Guillot, the inventor of a machine for carving it.] (Arch.) An ornament in the form of two or more bands or strings twisted over each other in a continued series, leaving circular openings which are filled with round ornaments. Guilloched Guil*loched" (?), a. Waved or engine-turned. Mollett. Guillotine Guil"lo*tine` (?), n. [F., from Guillotin, a French physician, who proposed, in the Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish decapitation with the ax or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr. Antoine Louis, and was called at first Louison or Louisette. Similar machines, however, were known earlier.] 1. A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim. 2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine. Guillotine Guil"lo*tine` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guillotined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guillotining.] [Cf. F. guillotiner.] To behead with the guillotine. Guilt Guilt (?), n. [OE. gilt, gult, AS. gylt, crime; probably originally signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an offence, and afterward the offense itself, and akin to AS. gieldan to pay, E. yield. See Yield, v. t.] 1. The criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting from willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; teh state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime; criminality; offense against right. Satan had not answer, but stood struck With guilt of his own sin. Milton. 2. Exposure to any legal penalty or forfeiture. A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a blockade. Kent. Guiltily Guilt"i*ly (?), adv. In a guilty manner. Guiltiness Guilt"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being guilty. Guiltless Guilt"less, a. 1. Free from guilt; innocent. The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. Ex. xx. 7. 2. Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with). Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude, Guiltless of fire, had formed. Milton. -- Guilt"less*ly, adv. -- Guilt"less*ness, n. Guilt-sick Guilt"-sick` (?), a. Made sick by consciousness of guilt. "A guilt-sick conscience." Beau. c& El. Guilty Guilt"y (?), a. [Compar. Gultier (?); superl. Guiltiest.] [AS. gyltig liable. See Guilt.] 1. Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked; chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly exposed to penalty; -- used with of, and usually followed by the crime, sometimes by the punishment. They answered and said, He is guilty of death. Matt. xxvi. 66. Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife. Dryden. 2. Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; as, a guilty look; a guilty act; a guilty feeling. 3. Conscious; cognizant. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 4. Condemned to payment. [Obs. & R.] Dryden. Guiltylike Guilt"y*like` (?), adv. Guiltily. [Obs.] Shak. Guinea Guin"ea (?), n. 1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc., are named. 2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in 1817. The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings. Pinkerton. Guinea corn. (Bot.) See Durra. -- Guinea Current (Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea.-- Guinea dropper one who cheats by dropping counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay. -- Guinea fowl, Guinea hen (Zo\'94l.), an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus Numida, allied to the pheasants. The common domesticated species (N. meleagris), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl (N. cristata) is a finer species.-- Guinea grains (Bot.), grains of Paradise, or amomum. See Amomum. -- Guinea grass (Bot.), a tall strong forage grass (Panicum jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies and Southern United States. -- Guinea-hen flower (Bot.), a liliaceous flower (Fritillaria Meleagris) with petals spotted like the feathers of the Guinea hen. -- Guinea peach. See under Peach. -- Guinea pepper (Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia aromatica, a tree of the order Anonace\'91, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name of Piper \'92thiopicum. --Guinea pig. NOTE: [Prob. a mistake for Guiana pig.] (a) (Zo\'94l.) A small Brazilian rodent (Cavia cobaya), about seven inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and black.<-- called also cavy -- used commonly as an experimental animal in laboratory research. (c). metaphorically, any animal or person used in an experiment; -- often applied to people who are unwillingly or unknowingly subjected by authorities to policies or procedures which might cause bodily or mental harm. --> (b) A contemptuous sobriquet. Smollett<-- obs in this sense now. -->. -- Guinea plum (Bot.), the fruit of Parinarium excelsum, a large West African tree of the order Chrysobalane\'91, having a scarcely edible fruit somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called gray plum and rough-skin plum. -- Guinea worm (Zo\'94l.), a long and slender African nematoid worm (Filaria Medinensis) of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces painful sores. Guipure Gui*pure" (?), n. [F.] A term used for lace of different kinds; most properly for a lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no ground or mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting threads called bars or brides. Guirland Guir"land (?), n. [Obs.] See Garland. Guise Guise (?), n. [OE. guise, gise, way, manner, F. guise, fr. OHG. w\'c6sa, G. weise. See Wise, n.] 1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used formerly in such phrases as: at his own guise; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself. Chaucer. The swain replied, "It never was our guise To slight the poor, or aught humane despise." Pope. 2. External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape. As then the guise was for each gentle swain. Spenser. A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than any which ever yet have overpowered the imagination. Burke. 3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise of patriotism. Guiser Guis"er (?), n. [From Guise.] A person in disguise; a masker; a mummer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Guitar Gui*tar" (?), n. [F. guitare; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg.guitarra, It. chitarra; all fr. Gr. cithara. Cf. Cittern, Gittern.] A stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver wire, and three of catgut, -- played upon with the fingers. Guitguit Guit"guit` (?), n. [So called from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small tropical American birds of the family C\'d2rebid\'91, allied to the creepers; -- called also quit. See Quit. Gula Gu"la (?), n.; pl. L. Gul\'92 (#), E. Gulas (#). [L., the throat, gullet.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat. (b) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum. 2. (Arch.) A capping molding. Same as Cymatium. Gular Gu"lar (?), a. [Cf. F. gulaire.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the gula or throat; as, gular plates. See Illust. of Bird, and Bowfin. Gulaund Gu"laund (?), n. [Icel. gul-\'94nd.] An arctic sea bird. Gulch Gulch (?), n. 1. Act of gulching or gulping. [Obs.] 2. A glutton. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 3. A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a gully. Gulch Gulch, v. t. [OE. gulchen; cf. dial. Sw. g\'94lka to gulch, D. gulzig greedy, or E. gulp.] To swallow greedily; to gulp down. [Obs.] Guid Guid (?), n. A flower. See Gold. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gulden Gul"den (?), n. See Guilder. Gule Gule (?), v. t. To give the color of gules to. Gule Gule (?), n. The throat; the gullet. [Obs.] Throats so wide and gules so gluttonous. Gauden. Gules Gules (?), n. [OE. goules, F. gueules, the same word as gueule throat, OF. gole, goule, L. gula. So named from the red color of the throat. See Gullet, and cf. Gula.] (Her.) The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used poetically for a red color or that which is red. His sev'n-fold targe a field of gules did stain In which two swords he bore; his word, "Divide and reign." P. Fletcher. Follow thy drum; With man's blood paint the ground; gules, gules. Shak. Let's march to rest and set in gules, like suns. Beau. & Fl. Gulf Gulf (?), n. [F. golfe, It. golfo, fr. Gr. bosom, bay, gulf, LGr. 1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin, He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between. Milton. Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed. Luke xvi. 26. 2. That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.] Shak. 3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy. Shak. A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold. Tennyson. 4. (Geog.) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially land-locked sea; as, the Gulf of Mexico. 5. (Mining) A large deposit of ore in a lode. Gulf Stream (Geog.), the warm ocean current of the North Atlantic. NOTE: It or iginates in the westward equatorial current, due to the trade winds, is deflected northward by Cape St. Roque through the Gulf of Mexico, and flows parallel to the coast of North America, turning eastward off the island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said to be about two miles an hour. The similar Japan current, or Kuro-Siwo, is sometimes called the Gulf Stream of the Pacific. -- Gulf weed (Bot.), a branching seaweed (Sargassum bacciferum, or sea grape), having numerous berrylike air vessels, -- found in the Gulf Stream, in the Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere. Gulfy Gulf"y (?), a. Full of whirlpools or gulfs. Chapman. Gulgul Gul"gul (?), n. [Hind. galgal.] A cement made in India from sea shells, pulverized and mixed with oil, and spread over a ship's bottom, to prevent the boring of worms. Gulist Gu"list (?), n. [L. gulo.] A glutton. [Obs.] Gull Gull (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gulling.] [Prob. fr. gull the bird; but cf. OSw. gylla to deceive, D. kullen, and E. cullibility.] To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to defraud. The rulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed. Dryden. I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service. Coleridge. Gull Gull, n. 1. A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud. Shak. 2. One easily cheated; a dupe. Shak. Gull Gull, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn. gullan, W. gwylan.] (Zo\'94l.) One of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus Larus and allied genera. NOTE: &hand; Am ong the best known American species are the herring gull (Larus argentatus), the great black-backed gull (L. murinus) the laughing gull (L. atricilla), and Bonaparte's gull (L. Philadelphia). The common European gull is Larus canus. Gull teaser (Zo\'94l.), the jager; -- also applied to certain species of terns. Gullage Gull"age (?), n. Act of being gulled. [Obs.] Had you no quirk. To avoid gullage, sir, by such a creature? B. Jonson Guller Gull"er (?), n. One who gulls; a deceiver. Gullery Gull"er*y (?), n. An act, or the practice, of gulling; trickery; fraud. [R.] "A mere gullery." Selden. Gullet Gul"let (?), n. [OE. golet, OF. Goulet, dim. of gole, goule, throat, F. gueule, L. gula; perh. akin to Skr. gula, G. kenle; cf. F. goulet the neck of a bottle, goulotte channel gutter. Cf. Gules, Gully.] 1. (Anat.) The tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx to the stomach; the esophagus. 2. Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar functions; as: (a) A channel for water. (b) (Engin.) A preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of sufficient width for the passage of earth wagons. (c) A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades. _________________________________________________________________ Page 658 Gulleting Gul"let*ing (?), n. (Engin.) A system of excavating by means of gullets or channels. Gullible Gul"li*ble (?), a. Easily gulled; that may be duped. -- Gul"li*bii`i*ty (#), n. Burke. Gullish Gull"ish (?), a. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] Gull"ish*ness, n. [Obs.] Gully Gul"ly (?), n.; pl. Gulles (#). [Etymol. uncertain] A large knife. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Gully Gul"ly, n.; pl. Gullies (#). [Formerly gullet.] 1. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of water; a short deep portion of a torrent's bed when dry. 2. A grooved iron rail or tram plate. [Eng.] Gully gut, a glutton. [Obs.] Chapman. -- Gully hole, the opening through which gutters discharge surface water. Gully Gul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gullied (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gullying.] To wear into a gully or into gullies.<-- = wear down, not wear as clothing! --> Gully Gul"ly, v. i. To flow noisily. [Obs.] Johnson. Gulosity Gu*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. gulositas, fr. gulosus gluttonous. See Gullet.] Excessive appetite; greediness; voracity. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Gulp Gulp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gulping.] [D. gulpen, cf. OD. golpe gulf.] To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts; to swallow up; to take down at one swallow. He does not swallow, but he gulps it down. Cowper. The old man . . . glibly gulped down the whole narrative. Fielding. To gulp up, to throw up from the stomach; to disgorge. Gulp Gulp, n. 1. The act of taking a large mouthful; a swallow, or as much as is awallowed at once. 2. A disgorging. [Colloq.] Gulph Gulph (?), n. [Obs.] See Gulf. Gult Gult (?), n. Guilt. See Guilt. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gulty Gult"y (?), a. Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer. Guly Gul"y (?), a. Of or pertaining to gules; red. "Those fatal guly dragons." Milton. Gum Gum (?), n. [OE. gome, AS. gama palate; akin Co G. gaumen, OHG. goumo, guomo, Icel. g, Sw. gom; cf. Gr. The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws. Gum rash (Med.), strophulus in a teething child; red gum. -- Gum stick, a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while teething. Gum Gum, v. t. To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See Gummer. Gum Gum, n. [OE. gomme, gumme, F. gomme, L. gummi and commis, fr. Gr. kam; cf. It. gomma.] 1. A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really resins. 2. (Bot.) See Gum tree, below. 3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log. [Southern U. S.] 4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U. S.] Black gum, Blue gum, British gum, etc. See under Black, Blue, etc. -- Gum Acaroidea, the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree (Xanlhorrh\'d2a). -- Gum animal (Zo\'94l.), the galago of West Africa; -- so called because it feeds on gums. See Galago. -- Gum animi or anim\'82. See Anim\'82. -- Gum arabic, a gum yielded mostly by several species of Acacia (chiefly A. vera and A. Arabica) growing in Africa and Southern Asia; -- called also gum acacia. East Indian gum arabic comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple. -- Gum butea, a gum yielded by the Indian plants Butea frondosa and B. superba, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo. -- Gum cistus, a plant of the genus Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus), a species of rock rose.-- Gum dragon. See Tragacanth. -- Gum elastic, Elastic gum. See Caoutchouc. -- Gum elemi. See Elemi. -- Gum juniper. See Sandarac. -- Gum kino. See under Kino. -- Gum lac. See Lac. -- Gum Ladanum, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species of Cistus or rock rose. -- Gum passages, sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of certain plants (Amygdalace\'91, Cactace\'91, etc.), and affording passage for gum. -- Gum pot, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing other ingredients. -- Gum resin, the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter. -- Gum sandarac. See Sandarac. -- Gum Senegal, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees (Acacia Verek and A. Adansoni\'84) growing in the Senegal country, West Africa. -- Gum tragacanth. See Tragacanth. -- Gum tree, the name given to several trees in America and Australia: (a) The black gum (Nyssa multiflora), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum. Most of the large trees become hollow. (b) A tree of the genus Eucalyptus. See Eucalpytus. (c) The sweet gum tree of the United States (Liquidambar styraciflua), a large and beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice. -- Gum water, a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water. -- Gum wood, the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the Eucalyptus piperita, of New South Wales. Gum Gum, v. t. [imp. &. p. Gummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gumming.] To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance. He frets likke a gummed velvet.Shak. Gum Gum, v. i. To exude or from gum; to become gummy. Gumbo Gum"bo (?), n. [Written aalso gombo.] 1. A soup thickened with the mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra soup. 2. The okra plant or its pods. Gumboil Gum"boil (?), n. (Med.) A small suppurting inflamed spot on the gum. Gumma Gum"ma (?), n.; pl. Gummata (#). [NL. So called from its gummy contents See Gum.] (Med.) A kind of soft tumor, usually of syphilitic origin. Gummatous Gum*ma"tous (?), a. (Med.) Belonging to, or resembling, gumma. Gummer Gum"mer (?), n. [From 2d Gum.] A punch-cutting tool, or machine for deepening and enlarging the spaces between the teeth of a worn saw. Gummiferous Gum*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. gummi gum + -ferous.] Producing gum; gum-bearing. Gumminess Gum"mi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being gummy; viscousness. Gummite Gum"mite (?), n. [So called because it occurs in rounded or flattened pieces which look like gum.] (Min.) A yellow amorphous mineral, essentially a hydrated oxide of uranium derived from the alteration of uraninite. Gummosity Gum*mos"i*ty (?), n. Gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality or nature. [R.] Floyer. Gummous Gum"mous (?), a. [L. gummosus; cf. F. gommeux.] 1. Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy. 2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to a gumma. Gummy Gum"my (?), a. [Compar. Gummer (Gummirst.] Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or containing gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling gum. Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine. Milton. Then rubs his gummy eyes. Dryden. Gummy tumor (Med.), a gumma. Gump Gump (?), n. [Cf. Sw. & Dan. gump buttocks, rump, Icel. gumprg.] A dolt; a dunce. [Low.] Holloway. Gumption Gump"tion (?), n. [OE. gom, gome, attention; akin to AS. ge\'a2mian, gyman, to regard, observe, gyme care, OS. gomean to heed, Goth. gaumjan to see, notice.] 1. Capacity; shrewdness; common sense. [Colloq.]<-- in MW10 marked as chiefly dial. --> One does not have gumption till one has been properly cheated. Lord Lytton. 2. (Paint.) (a) The art of preparing colors. Sir W. Scott. (b) Megilp. Fairholt. <-- 3. initiative = primary modern usage --> Gun Gun (?), n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., Gael.) A LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.] 1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called small arms. Larger guns are called cannon, ordnance, fieldpieces, carronades, howitzers, etc. See these terms in the Vocabulary. As swift as a pellet out of a gunne When fire is in the powder runne. Chaucer. The word gun was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing from a man long before there was any gunpowder found out. Selden. 2. (Mil.) A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a cannon. 3. pl. (Naut.) Violent blasts of wind. NOTE: &hand; Gu ns ar e classified, according to their construction or manner of loading as rifled or smoothbore, breech-loading or muzzle-loading, cast or built-up guns; or according to their use, as field, mountain, prairie, seacoast, and siege guns. Armstrong gun, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named after its English inventor, Sir William Armstrong. -- Great gun, a piece of heavy ordnance; hence (Fig.), a person superior in any way. -- Gun barrel, the barrel or tube of a gun. -- Gun carriage, the carriage on which a gun is mounted or moved. -- Gun cotton (Chem.), a general name for a series of explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See Pyroxylin, and cf. Xyloidin. The gun cottons are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety (pyroxylin) for making collodion. See Celluloid, and Collodion. Gun cotton is frequenty but improperly called nitrocellulose. It is not a nitro compound, but an ethereal salt of nitric acid. -- Gun deck. See under Deck. -- Gun fire, the time at which the morning or the evening gun is fired. -- Gun metal, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron. -- Gun port (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a cannon's muzzle is run out for firing. -- Gun tackle (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from the gun port. -- Gun tackle purchase (Naut.), a tackle composed of two single blocks and a fall. Totten. -- Krupp gun, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its German inventor, Herr Krupp. -- Machine gun, a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns, mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the gun or guns and fired in rapid succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery operated by turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute with accurate aim. The Gatling gun, Gardner gun, Hotchkiss gun, and Nordenfelt gun, named for their inventors, and the French mitrailleuse, are machine guns. -- To blow great guns (Naut.), to blow a gale. See Gun, n., 3. Gun Gun (?), v. i. To practice fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in participial form; as, to go gunning. <-- gun for = pursue with the intent to kill; Fig., to make effort to harm someone, also used humorously; (MW10: "to aim at or go after with determination or effort") --> Guna Gu"na (g&oomac;"n&adot;), n. [Skr. guna quality.] In Sanskrit grammar, a lengthening of the simple vowels a, i, e, by prefixing an a element. The term is sometimes used to denote the same vowel change in other languages. Gunarchy Gu"nar*chy (?), n. See Gynarchy. Gunboat Gun"boat` (?), n. (Nav.) A vessel of light draught, carrying one or more guns. Guncotton Gun"cot`ton (?). See under Gun. Gundelet Gun"de*let (?), n. [Obs.] See Gondola. Marston. Gunflint Gun"flint` (?), n. A sharpened flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite the charge. It was in common use before the introduction of percussion caps. <-- used in the flintlock --> Gunjah Gun"jah (?), n. (Bot.) See Ganja. Gunlock Gun"lock` (?), n. The lock of a gun, for producing the discharge. See Lock. Gunnage Gun"nage (?), n. The number of guns carried by a ship of war. Gunnel Gun"nel (?), n. [See Gunwale.] 1. A gunwale. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A small, eel-shaped, marine fish of the genus Mur\'91noides; esp., M. gunnellus of Europe and America; -- called also gunnel fish, butterfish, rock eel. Gunner Gun"ner (?), n. 1. One who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer. 2. A warrant officer in the navy having charge of the ordnance on a vessel. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The great northern diver or loon. See Loon. (b) The sea bream. [Prov. Eng. or Irish] Gunner's daughter, the gun to which men or boys were lashed for punishment. [Sailor's slang] W. C. Russell. Gunnery Gun"ner*y (?), n. That branch of military science which comprehends the theory of projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using ordnance. Gunnie Gun"nie (?), n. (Mining.) Space left by the removal of ore. Gunning Gun"ning (?), n. The act or practice of hunting or shooting game with a gun. The art of gunning was but little practiced. Goldsmith. Gunny, n., Gunny cloth Gun"ny (?), n., Gun"ny cloth` (. [Hind. gon, gon,, a sack, sacking.] A strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called jute) of two plants of the genus Corchorus (C. olitorius and C. capsularis), of India. The fiber is also used in the manufacture of cordage. Gunny bag, a sack made of gunny, used for coarse commodities. Gunocracy Gu*noc"ra*cy (?), n. See Gyneocracy. Gunpowder Gun"pow`der (?), n. (Chem.) A black, granular, explosive substance, consisting of an intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal, and sulphur. It is used in gunnery and blasting. NOTE: &hand; Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of niter, with 10 to 15 per cent of each of the other ingredients. Its explosive energy is due to the fact that it contains the necessary amount of oxygen for its own combustion, and liberates gases (chiefly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), which occupy a thousand or fifteen hundred times more space than the powder which generated them. Gunpowder pile driver, a pile driver, the hammer of which is thrown up by the explosion of gunpowder. -- Gunpowder plot (Eng. Hist.), a plot to destroy the King, Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal laws against Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the conspirators, was about to fire the mine, which was placed under the House of Lords, he was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is known in England as Guy Fawkes Day. -- Gunpowder tea, a species of fine green tea, each leaf of which is rolled into a small ball or pellet. Gunreach Gun"reach` (?), n. The reach or distance to which a gun will shoot; gunshot. Gunroom Gun"room` (, n. (Naut.) An apartment on the after end of the lower gun deck of a ship of war, usually occupied as a messroom by the commissioned officers, except the captain; -- called wardroom in the United States navy. Gunshot Gun"shot` (?), n. 1. Act of firing a gun; a shot. 2. The distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun, so as to be effective; the reach or range of a gun. Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be out of gunshot. Dryden. Gunshot Gun"shot`, a. Made by the shot of a gun: as. a gunshot wound. Gunsmith Gun"smith (?), n. One whose occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an armorer. Gunsmithery, Gunsmith ing Gunsmith`er*y (?), Gun"smith` ing, n. The art or business of a gunsmith. Gunstick Gun"stick (?), n. A stick to ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a rammer or ramrod. [R.] Gunstock Gun"stock` (?), n. The stock or wood to which the barrel of a hand gun is fastened. Gunstome Gun"stome` (?), n. A cannon ball; -- so called because originally made of stone. [Obs.] Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 659 Gunter rig Gun"ter rig` (?). (Naut.) A topmast arranged with metal bands so that it will readily slide up and down the lower mast. Gunter's chain Gun"ter's chain` (?). (Surveying) The chain ordinarily used in measuring land. See Chain, n., 4, and Gunter's scale. Gunter's line Gun"ter's line` (?). A logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for performing the multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by the dividers; -- called also line of lines, and line of numbers. Gunter's quadrant Gun"ter's quad`rant (?). A thin quadrant, made of brass, wood, etc., showing a stereographic projection on the plane of the equator. By it are found the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, the altitude of objects in degrees, etc. See Gunter's scale. Gunter's scale Gun"ter's scale` (?). A scale invented by the Rev. Edmund Gunter (1581-1626), a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, who invented also Gunter's chain, and Gunter's quadrant. NOTE: &hand; Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on one side of which are marked scales of equal parts, of chords, sines, tangents, rhombs, etc., and on the other side scales of logarithms of these various parts, by means of which many problems in surveying and navigation may be solved, mechanically, by the aid of dividers alone. Gunwale Gun"wale (?), n. [Gun + wale. So named because the upper guns were pointed from it.] (Naut.) The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper works of the hull. [Written also gunnel.] Gurge Gurge (?), n. [L. gurges.] A whirlpool. [Obs.] The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge Boils out from under ground. Milton. Gurge Gurge, v. t. [See Gorge.] To swallow up. [Obs.] Gurgeons Gur"geons (?), n. pl. [Obs.] See Grudgeons. Gurgle Gur"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gurgled (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Gurgling (?).] [Cf. It. gorgogliare to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. gurgulio gullet. Cf. Gargle, Gorge.] To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones. Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, And waste their music on the savage race. Young. Gurgle Gur"gle, n. The act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling gurgles." W. Thompson. Gurglet Gur"glet (?), n. [See Goglet.] A porous earthen jar for cooling water by evaporation. Gurgling-ly Gur"gling-ly` (?), adv. In a gurgling manner. Gurgoyle Gur"goyle (?), n. See Gargoyle. Gurjun Gur"jun (?), n. A thin balsam or wood oil derived from the Diptcrocarpus l\'91vis, an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and as a substitute for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint. Gurl Gurl (?), n. A young person of either sex. [Obs.] See Girl. Chaucer. Gurlet Gur"let (?), n. (Masonry) A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting edge. Knight. Gurmy Gur"my (?), n. (Mining) A level; a working. Gurnard, Gurnet Gur"nard (?), Gur"net (?) n. [OF. gornal, gournal, gornart, perh. akin to F. grogner to grunt; cf. Ir. guirnead gurnard.] (Zo\'94l.) One ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla and allied genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed cheeks. Some of the species are highly esteemed for food. The name is sometimes applied to the American sea robins. [Written also gournet.] Plyling gurnard. See under Flying. Gurniad Gur"ni*ad (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gwiniad. Gurry Gur"ry (?), n. An alvine evacuation; also, refuse matter. [Obs. or Local] Holland. Gurry Gur"ry`, n. [Hind. garh\'c6.] A small fort. [India] Gurt Gurt (?), n. (Mining) A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the bottom of a working drift. Page. Gurts Gurts (?), n. pl. [Cf. Grout.] Groatts. [Obs.] Gush Gush (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gushing.] [OE. guschen, cf. Icel. gusa and gjsa, also D. gucsen; perh. akin to AS. ge\'a2tan to pour, G. giessen, Goth. giutan, E. gut. Cf. Found to cast.] 1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; to flow copiously. He smote the rock that the waters gushed out. Ps ixxviii 20. A sea of blood gushed from the gaping wound. Spenser. 2. To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection; to display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner. [Colloq.] Gush Gush, v. t. 1. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; as, a gush of song from a bird. The gush of springs, An fall of lofty foundains. Byron. 2. A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.; effusive display of sentiment. [Collog.] Gusher Gush"er (?), n. One who gushes. [Colloq.] Gushing Gush"ing, a. 1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; as, gushing waters. "Gushing blood." Milton. 2. Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly and unreservedly demonstrative in matters of affection; sentimental. [Colloq.] Gushingly Gush"ing*ly (?), adv. 1. In a gushing manner; copiously. Byron. 2. Weakly; sentimentally; effusively. [Colloq.] Gusset Gus"set (?), n. [F. gousset armpit, fob, gusset, dim. of gousse pod, husk; cf. It. guscio shell, or W. cwysed gore, gusset.] 1. A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening some part or giving it a tapering enlargement. Seam and gusset and band. Hood. 2. Anything resembling a gusset in a garment; as: (a) (Armor) A small piece of chain mail at the openings of the joints beneath the arms. (b) (Mach.) A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron, fastened in the angles of a structure to give strength or stiffness; esp., the part joining the barrel and the fire box of a locomotive boiler. 3. (Her.) An abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, resembling a gusset. Gust Gust (?), n. [Icel. gustr a cool breeze. Cf. Gush.] 1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail, stormy gust and flaw. Milton. 2. A sudden violent burst of passion. Bacon. Gust Gust, n. [L. gustus; cf. It. & Sp. gusto. &root;46.] 1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto. An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much gust and appetite. Jer. Taylor. 2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely relished; enjoyment. Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust. Pope. 3. Intellectual taste; fancy. A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the ancients. Dryden. Gust Gust, v. t. [Cf. L. gustare, It. gustare, Sp. gustar. See GUST a relish.] To taste; to have a relish for. [Obs.] Gustable Gust"a*ble (?), a. [See Gust, v.] [Obs.] 1. Capable of being tasted; tastable. This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall bitter; whereas there is nothing gustable sweeter. Harvey. 2. Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory. A gustable thing, seen or smelt, excites the appetite, and affects the glands and parts of the mouth. Derham. Gustable Gust"a*ble, n. Anything that can be tasted. [Obs.] Gustard Gus"tard (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The great bustard. Gustation Gus*ta"tion (?), n. [L. gustatio: cf. F. gustation.] The act of tasting. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Gustatory Gusta*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; as, the gustatory nerve which supplies the front of the tongue. Gustful Gust"ful (?), a. Tasteful; well-tasted. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. -- Gust"ful*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow. Gustful Gust"ful, a. Gusty. [R.] A gustful April morn. Tennyson. Gustless Gust"less, a. Tasteless; insipid. [R.] Gusto Gus"to (?), n. [It. or Sp., fr. L. gustus; akin to E. choose. Cf. 2d GUST, GOUR.] Nice or keen appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste; fancy. Dryden. Gustoso Gus*to"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Tasteful; in a tasteful, agreeable manner. Gusty Gust"y (?), a. Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy; stormy; tempestuous. Upon a raw and gusty day. Shak. Gut Gut (?), n. [OE. gut, got, AS. gut, prob. orig., a channel, and akin to ge\'a2tan to pour. See FOUND to cast.] 1. A narrow passage of water; as, the Gut of Canso. 2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron; (pl.) bowels; entrails. 3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used for various purposes. See Catgut. 4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish line. Blind gut. See C\'92cum, n. (b). Gut Gut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gutting.] 1. To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate. 2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or contents of; as, a mob gutted the bouse. Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a proper name of its vowels, used it as freely as he pleased. Addison. Gutta Gut"ta (?), n.; pl. Gutt\'92 (#). [L.] 1. A drop. 2. (Arch.) One of a series of ornaments, in the form of a frustum of a cone, attached to the lower part of the triglyphs, and also to the lower faces of the mutules, in the Doric order; -- called also campana, and drop. Gutta serena [L., lit. serene or clear drop] (Med.), amaurosis. -- Gutt\'91 band> (Arch.), the listel or band from which the gutt\'91 hang. Gutta-percha Gut"ta-per`cha (?), n. [Malay gutah gum + pertja the tree from which is it procured.] A concrete juice produced by various trees found in the Malayan archipelago, especially by the Isonandra, OR Dichopsis, Gutta. It becomes soft, and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling water, and, on cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils and ethers, but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical purposes. The Mimusops globosa of Guiana also yields this material. Guttate Gut"tate (?), a. [L. guttatus. Cf. Gutty.] Spotted, as if discolored by drops. Guttated Gut"ta*ted (?), a. [See Guttate.] Besprinkled with drops, or droplike spots. Bailey. Guttatrap Gut"ta*trap (?), n. The inspissated juice of a tree of the genus Artocarpus (A. incisa, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in making birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality. Gutter Gut"ter (?), n. [OE. gotere, OF. goutiere, F. goutti\'8are, fr. OF. gote, goute, drop, F. goutte, fr. L. gutta.] 1. A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; an eaves channel; an eaves trough. 2. A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to lead off surface water. Gutters running with ale. Macaulay. 3. Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter formed by erosion in the vent of a gun from repeated firing. Gutter member (Arch.), an architectural member made by treating the outside face of the gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments, regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement. -- Gutter plane, a carpenter's plane with a rounded bottom for planing out gutters. -- Gutter snipe, a neglected boy running at large; a street Arab. [Slang] -- Gutter stick (Printing), one of the pieces of furniture which separate pages in a form. Gutter Gut*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guttered (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Guttering.] 1. To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel. Shak. 2. To supply with a gutter or gutters. [R.] Dryden. Gutter Gut"ter, v. i. To become channeled, as a candle when the flame flares in the wind. Guttifer Gut"ti*fer` (?), n. [NL., fr. L. gutta drop+ ferre to bear.] (Bot.) A plant that exudes gum or resin. Guttiferous Gut*tif"er*ous (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Yielding gum or resinous substances. (b) Pertaining to a natural order of trees and shrubs (Guttifer\'91) noted for their abounding in a resinous sap. Guttiform Gut"ti*form (?), a. [L. gutta a drop + -form.] Drop-shaped, as a spot of color. Guttle Gut"tle (?), v. t. & i. [From GUT, n.] To put into the gut; to swallow greedily; to gorge; to gormandize. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Dryden. Guttler Gut"tler (?), n. A greedy eater; a glutton. [Obs.] Guttulous Gut"tu*lous (?), a. [L. guttula a little drop, dim. of gutta drop.] In droplike form. [Obs.] In its [hail's] guttulous descent from the air. Sir T. Browne. Guttural Gut"tur*al (?), a. [L. guttur throat: cf. F. gutural.] Of or pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat; relating to, or characteristic of, a sound formed in the throat. Children are occasionally born with guttural swellings. W. Guthrie. In such a sweet, guttural accent. Landor. Guttural Gut"tur*al, n. A sound formed in the throat; esp., a sound formed by the aid of the back of the tongue, much retracted, and the soft palate; also, a letter representing such a sound. Gutturalism Gut"tur*al*ism (?), n. The quality of being guttural; as, the gutturalism of A [in the 16th cent.] Earle. Gutturality Gut"tur*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being guttural. [R.] "The old gutturality of k." Earle. Gutturalize Gut"tur*al*ize (?), v. t. To speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound to. Gutturally Gut"tur*al*ly, adv. In a guttural manner. Gutturalness Gut"tur*al*ness, n. The quality of being guttural. Gutturine Gut"tur*ine (?), a. [L. guttur throat.] Pertaining to the throat. [Obs.] "Gutturine tumor." Ray. Gutturize Gut"tur*ize (?), v. t. [L. guttur throat.] To make in the throat; to gutturalize. [R.] For which the Germans gutturize a sound. Coleridge. Gutturo- Gut"tur*o- (?). A combining form denoting relation to the throat; as, gutturo-nasal, having both a guttural and a nasal character; gutturo-palatal. Gutty Gut"ty (?), a. [L. gutta drop: cf. F. goutt\'82. Cf. Guttated.] (Her.) Charged or sprinkled with drops. Gutwort Gut"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant, Globularia Alypum, a violent purgative, found in Africa. Guy Guy (?), n. [Sp. guia guide, a guy or small rope used on board of ships to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and the same word as E. guide. See Guide, and cf. Gye.] A rope, chain, or rod attached to anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an object which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the ground, where it is fastened. Guy Guy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guying.] To steady or guide with a guy. Guy Guy, n. 1. A grotesque effigy, like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in England on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot. The lady . . . who dresses like a guy. W. S. Gilbert. 2. A person of queer looks or dress. Dickens. Guy Guy, v. t. To fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of ridicule. [Local & Collog U.S.] Guyle Guyle (?), v. t. To guile. [Obs.] Spenser. _________________________________________________________________ Page 660 Guze Guze (?), n. [Cf. Gules.] (Her.) A roundlet of tincture sanguine, which is blazoned without mention of the tincture. Guzzle Guz"zle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Guzzled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Guzzling (.] [OP. gosillier, prob. orig., to pass through the throat; akin to F. gosier throat; cf. It. gozzo a bird's crop.] To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently. Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar. Milton. Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise, Who, while she guzzles, chats the doctor's praise. Roscommon. To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey. Gay. Guzzle Guz"zle, v. t. To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust; to drink greedily or continually; as, one who guzzles beer. Dryden. Guzzle Guz"zle, n. An insatiable thing or person. That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure. Marston. Guzzler Guz"zler (?), n. An immoderate drinker. Gwiniad Gwin"i*ad (?), n. [W. gwyniad a whiting, the name of various fishes, fr. gwyn white.] (Zool.) A fish (Coregonus ferus) of North Wales and Northern Europe, allied to the lake whitefish; -- called also powan, and schelly. [Written also gwyniad, guiniad, gurniad.] Gyall Gy"all (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gayal. Gyb, Gybe Gyb (?), Gybe (, n. (Naut.) See Jib. [Obs.] Gybe Gybe (?), n. & v. See Gibe. Gybe Gybe, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gybed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gybing.] [See Jibe.] (Naut.) To shift from one side of a vessel to the other; -- said of the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel is steered off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite side. [Also jibe.] Gye Gye (?), v. t. [OF. guier; of German origin. See Guide, and cf. Guy.] To guide; to govern. [Obs.] Discreet enough his country for to gye. Chaucer. Gyle Gyle (?), n. [F. guiller to ferment. Cf. Guillevat.] Fermented wort used for making vinegar. Gyle tan (Brewing), a large vat in which wort ferments. Gymnal Gym"nal (?), a. & n. Same as Gimmal. Gymnasiarch Gym*na"si*arch (?), n. [L. gymnasiarchus, Gr. gymnasiarque.] (Gr. Antiq.) An Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and provided the oil and other necessaries at his own expense. Gymnasium Gym*na"si*um (?) n.; pl. E. Gymnasiums (#), L. Gymnasia (#). [L., fr. Gr. 1. A place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for gymnastics. 2. A school for the higher branches of literature and science; a preparatory school for the university; -- used esp. of German schools of this kind. More like ordinary schools of gymnasia than universities. Hallam. Gymnast Gym"nast (, n. [Gr. gymnaste. See Gymnasium.] One who teaches or practices gymnastic exercises; the manager of a gymnasium; an athlete. Gymnastic, Gymnastical Gym*nas"tic (?), Gym*nas"tic*al (?), a. [L. gymnasticus, Gr. gymnastique. See Gymnasium.] Pertaining to athletic exercises intended for health, defense, or diversion; -- said of games or exercises, as running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the discus, the javelin, etc.; also, pertaining to disciplinary exercises for the intellect; athletic; as, gymnastic exercises, contests, etc. Gymnastic Gym*nas"tic, n. A gymnast. [Obs.] Gymnastically Gym*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a gymnastic manner. Gymnastics Gym*nas"tics (?), n. Athletic or disciplinary exercises; the art of performing gymnastic exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the intellect or character. Gymnic, Gymnical Gym"nic (?), Gym"nic*al (?) a. [L. gymnicus, Gr. gymnique. See Gymmasium.] Athletic; gymnastic. [Obs.] Have they not swordplayers, and every sort Of gymnic artists, wrestlers, riders, runners ? Milton. Gymnic Gym"nic, n. Athletic exercise. [Obs.] Burton. Gymnite Gym"nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A hydrous silicate of magnesia. Gymnoblastea Gym"no*blas`te*a (?), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) The Athecata; -- so called because the medusoid buds are not inclosed in a capsule. Gymnoblastic Gym"no*blas"tic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Gymnoblastea. Gymnocarpous Gym`no*car"pous (?), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.) Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to the perianth. Gray. Gymnochroa Gym*noch"ro*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) A division of Hydroidea including the hydra. See Hydra. Gymnocladus Gym*noc"la*dus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants; the Kentucky coffee tree. The leaves are cathartic, and the seeds a substitute for coffee. Gymnocopa Gym"no*co`pa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) A group of transparent, free-swimming Annelida, having setae only in the cephalic appendages. Gymnocyte Gym"no*cyte (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s nake + (Biol.) A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a nucleus. Haeckel. Gymnocytode Gym"no*cy`tode (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + E. cytode.] (Biol.) A cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus. Haeckel. Gymnodont Gym"no*dont (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zool.) One of a group of plectognath fishes (Gymnodontes), having the teeth and jaws consolidated into one or two bony plates, on each jaw, as the diodonts and tetradonts. See Bur fish, Globefish, Diodon. Gymnogen Gym"no*gen (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + -gen.] (Bot.) One of a class of plants, so called by Lindley, because the ovules are fertilized by direct contact of the pollen. Same as Gymnosperm. Gymnoglossa Gym"no*glos`sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) A division of gastropods in which the odontophore is without teeth. Gymnol\'91ma, Gymnol\'91mata Gym"no*l\'91`ma (?), Gym*no*l\'91"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [Nl., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) An order of Bryozoa, having no epistome. Gymnonoti Gym"no*no`ti (?), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) The order of fishes which includes the Gymnotus or electrical eel. The dorsal fin is wanting. Gymnop\'91dic Gym`no*p\'91d"ic ((?), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) Having young that are naked when hatched; psilop\'91dic; -- said of certain birds. Gymnophiona Gym`no*phi"o*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) An order of Amphibia, having a long, annulated, snakelike body. See Ophiomorpha. Gymnophthalmata Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs, including the naked-eyed medus\'91; the hydromedus\'91. Most of them are known to be the free-swimming progeny (gonophores) of hydroids. Gymnoplast Gym"no*plast (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + pla`ssein to shape, mold.] (Biol.) A cell or mass of protoplasm devoid of an envelope, as a white blood corpuscle. Gymnorhinal Gym"no*rhi`nal (?), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) Having unfeathered nostrils, as certain birds. Gymnosomata Gym`no*so"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of Pteropoda. They have no shell. Gymnosophist Gym*nos"o*phist (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnosophisle.] One of a sect of philosophers, said to have been found in India by Alexander the Great, who went almost naked, denied themselves the use of flesh, renounced bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in the contemplation of nature. Gymnosophy Gym*nos"o*phy (?), n. The doctrines of the Gymnosophists. Good. Gymnosperm Gym"no*sperm (?), n. (Bot.) A plant that bears naked seeds (i. e., seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock. Cf. Angiosperm. Gymnospermous Gym"no*sper`mous (?), n. [Gr. gymno`spermos; gymno`s naked + spe`rma seed: cf. F. gymnosperme.] (Bot.) (a) Having naked seeds, or seeds not inclosed in a capsule or other vessel. (b) Belonging to the class of plants consisting of gymnosperms. Gymnotoka Gym*not"o*ka (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) The Athecata. Gymnotus Gym*no"tus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnote.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of South American fresh-water fishes, including the Gymnotus electricus, or electric eel. It has a greenish, eel-like body, and is possessed of electric power. One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like from the electric blow of the gymnotus. De Quincey. Gyn Gyn (?), v. i. To begin [Obs.] See Gin. Gyn\'91ceum, Gyn\'91cium Gyn`\'91*ce"um (?), Gyn`\'91*ci"um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. The part of a large house, among the ancients, exclusively appropriated to women. [Written also gyneceum, gynecium.] Tennyson. Gyn\'91cian Gy*n\'91"cian (?), a. The same as Gynecian. Gyn\'91cophore Gy`n\'91"co*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A ventral canal or groove, in which the males of some dioecious trematodes carry the female. See Illust. of H\'91matozoa. Gynander Gy*nan"der (?), n. [See Gynandrian.] (Bot.) A plant having the stamens inserted in the pistil. Gynandria Gy*nan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gynandrian.] (Bot.) A class of plants in the Linnaean system, whose stamens grow out of, or are united with, the pistil. Gynandrian, Gynandrous Gy*nan"dri*an (?), Gy*nan"drous (?), a. [Gr. gy`nandros of doubtful sex; gynh` a woman + gynandre.] (Bot.) Having stamens inserted in the pistil; belonging to the class Gynandria. Gynandromorph Gy*nan"dro*morph (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal affected with gynandromorphism, Gynandromorphism Gy*nan"dro*mor`phism (?), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman, female + (Zo\'94l.) An abnormal condition of certain animals, in which one side has the external characters of the male, and the other those of the female. Gynandromorphous Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Affected, with gynandromorphism. Gynantherous Gy*nan"ther*ous (?), a. [Gr. gynh` a woman + E. anther.] (Bot.) Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which the stamens are converted into pistils. A. Brown. Gynarchy Gyn"ar*chy (?), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman+ -archy.] Government by a woman. Chesterfield. Gyneceum Gyn"e*ce`um (?), n. See Gyn\'91ceum. Gynecian Gy*ne"cian (?), a. [Gr. Of or relating to women. Gynecocracy Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman + gyn\'82cocratie. Cf. Gynocracy.] Government by a woman, female power; gyneocracy. Bailey. Gynecological Gyn"e*co*log`ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to gynecology. Gynecology Gyn"e*col`o*gy (?), n. [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman+ -logy.] The science which treats of the structure and diseases of women. -- Gyn`e*col"o*gist. Gyneocracy Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy (?), n. See Gynecocracy. Gyneolatry Gyn`e*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The adoration or worship of woman. The sentimental gyneolatry of chivalry, which was at best but skin-deep. Lowell. Gynephobia Gyn`e*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Hatred of women; repugnance to the society of women. Holmes. Gynno Gyn"no (?), v. i. To begin. See Gin. [Obs.] Gynobase Gyn"o*base (?), n. [Gr. base.] (Bot.) A dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular ovary. Gynobasic Gyn"o*ba`sic (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase. Gynocracy Gy*noc"ra*cy (?), n. [See Gynecocracy.] Female government; gynecocracy. The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute despotism to republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate stages of oligarchy, limited monarchy, and even gynocracy; for I myself remember Alsatia governed for nearly nine months by an old fishwoman. Sir H. Scott. Gynodi\'d2cious Gy"no*di*\'d2`cious (?), a. [Gr. di.] (Bot.) Dioecious, but having some hermaphrodite or perfect flowers on an individual plant which bears mostly pistillate flowers. Gyn\'d2cium Gy*n\'d2"ci*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The pistils of a flower, taken collectively. See Illust. of Carpophore. Gynophore Gyn"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. gynophore.] 1. (Bot.) The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the stamens, as in the passion flower. Lindley. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the branches bearing the female gonophores, in certain Siphonophora. Gyp Gyp (?), n. [Said to be a sportive application of Gr. A college servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at Oxford called a scout. [Cant] Gypse Gypse (?), n. [F.] See Gypsum. [Obs.] Pococke. Gypseous Gyp"se*ous (?), a. [L. gypseus. See Gypsum.] Resembling or containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum. Gypsey Gyp"sey (?), n. A gypsy. See Gypsy. Gypsiferous Gyp*sif"er*ous (?), a. [Gypsum + -ferous: cf. F. gypsif.] Containing gypsum. Gyp'sine Gyp'sine ((?), a. Gypseous. [R.] Chambers. Gypsography Gyp*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gypsum + -graphy.] The act or art of engraving on gypsum. Gypsoplast Gyp"so*plast (?), n. [Gypsum + Gr. A cast taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime. Gypsum Gyp"sum (?), n. [L. gypsum, Gr. jibs plaster, mortar, Per. jabs lime.] (Min.) A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime (calcium). When calcined, it forms plaster of Paris. Selenite is a transparent, crystalline variety; alabaster, a fine, white, massive variety. Gypsy Gyp"sy (?), n.; pl. Gypsies (#). [OE. Gypcyan, F. gyptien Egyptian, gypsy, L. Aegyptius. See Egyptian.] [Also spelled gipsy and gypsey.] 1. One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from India, entered Europe in 14th or 15th centry, and are now scattered over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft, fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. Bohemian, Romany. Like a right gypsy, hath, at fast and loose, Beguiled me to the very heart of loss. Shak. 2. The language used by the gypsies. Shak. 3. A dark-complexioned person. Shak. 4. A cunning or crafty person [Collog.] Prior. Gypsy Gyp"sy a. Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies. Gypsy hat, a woman's or child's broad-brimmed hat, usually of straw or felt. -- Gypsy winch, a small winch, which may be operated by a crank, or by a ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down. _________________________________________________________________ Page 661 Gypsy Gyp"sy (?), v. i. To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods. Mostly. Gyp"sy*ing, vb. n. Gypsyism Gyp"sy*ism (?), n. 1. The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception; cheating; flattery. 2. The state of a gypsy. Gypsywort Gyp"sy*wort" (?), n. (Bot.) A labiate plant (the Lycopus Europ\'91us). Gypsies are said to stain their skin with its juice. Gyracanthus Gyr`a*can"thus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr, (Paleon.) A genus of fossil fishes, found in Devonian and carboniferous strata; -- so named from their round, sculptured spines. Gyral Gy"ral (?), a. [See Gyre.] 1. Moving in a circular path or way; whirling; gyratory. 2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a gyrus, or convolution. Gyrant Gy"rant (?), a. Gyrating. [R.] Gyrate Gy"rate (?), a. [L. gyratus made in a circular form, p. p. of gyrare.] Winding or coiled round; curved into a circle; taking a circular course. Gyrate Gy"rate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gyrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gyrating.] [L. gyratus, p. p. of gyrare to gyrate. See Gyre, n.] To revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an axis, as a tornado; to revolve. Gyration Gy*ra"tion (?), n. 1. The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation; revolution. The gyrations of an ascending balloon. De Quincey. If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with gyrations continually repeated, the whole circle will appear like fire. Sir I. Newton. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell. Center of gyration. (Mech.) See under Center. -- Radius of gyration the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center of gyration. Rankine. Gyratory Gy"ra*to*ry (?), a. Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around. Gyre Gyre (?), n. [L. gyrus, Gr. A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn or revolution; a circuit. Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres. Dryden. Still expanding and ascending gyres. Mrs. Browning. Gyre Gyre, v. t. & i. [Cf. OF. gyrer, girer. See Gyrate.] To turn round; to gyrate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Drayton. Gyreful Gyre"ful (?), a. Abounding in gyres. [Obs.] Gyrencephala Gyr"en*ceph`a*la (?), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The higher orders of Mammalia, in which the cerebrum is convoluted. -- Gyr"en*ceph"a*lous (#), a. Gyrfalcon Gyr"fal`con (?), n. [OE. gerfaucon, OF. gerfaucon, LL. gyrofalco, perh. fr. L. gyrus circle + falco falcon, and named from its circling flight; or cf. E. gier-eagle. See Gyre, n., Falcon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp. Falco rusticolus and the white species F. Islandicus, both of which are circumpolar. The black and the gray are varieties of the former. See Illust. of Accipiter. [Written also gerfalcon, gierfalcon, and jerfalcon.] Gyri Gy"ri (?), n. pl. See Gyrus. Gyrland Gyr"land (?), v. t. [See Garland.] To garland. [Obs.] Gyrodus Gyr"o*dus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of extinct o\'94litic fishes, having rounded teeth in several rows adapted for crushing. Gyrogonite Gy*rog"o*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) The petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of stonewort. See Stonewort. Lyell. Gyroidal Gy*roid"al (?), a. [Gr. -oid + -al.] 1. Spiral in arrangement or action. 2. (Crystallog.) Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they incline all to the right (or left) of a vertical line; -- said of certain hemihedral forms. 3. (Opt.) Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to the right or left. Gyrolepis Gy*rol"e*pis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the new red sandetone, and the lias bone beds. Agassiz. Gyroma Gy*ro"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A turning round. [R.] Gyromancy Gyr"o*man"cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. gyromancie.] A kind of divination performed by drawing a ring or circle, and walking in or around it. Brande & C. Gyron Gy"ron (?), n. [F. giron; of German origin. See Gore a piece of cloth,] (Her.) A subordinary of triangular form having one of its angles at the fess point and the opposite aide at the edge of the escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded by two linea drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter chief corner. Gyronny Gy"ron*ny (?), a. [F. gironn.] (Her.) Covered with gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; -- said of an escutcheon. Gyropigeon Gy"ro*pi"geon (?), n. [L. gyrare to revolve + E. pigeon.] A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches. Knight. Gyroscope Gy"ro*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] 1. A rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc. It was devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was called the rotascope. 2. A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault, mounted so delicately as to render visible the rotation of the earth, through the tendency of the rotating wheel to preserve a constant plane of rotation, independently of the earth's motion. Gyroscopic Gy"ro*scop"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the gyroscope. Gy-rose Gy-rose" (?), a. [See Gyre.] (Bot.) Turned round like a crook, or bent to and fro. Loudon. Gyrostat Gy"ro*stat (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a thin flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is used in studying the dynamics of rotating bodies. Gyrostatic Gy"ro*stat"ic (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to gyrostatics. Gyrostatics Gy"ro*stat"ics (?), n. (Physics) The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat, or of the phenomena of rotating bodies. Gyrus Gy"rus (?), n.; pl. Gyri (#). [L. See Gyre, n.] A convoluted ridge between grooves; a convolution; as, the gyri of the brain; the gyri of brain coral. See Brain. Gyse Gyse (?), n. Guise. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gyte Gyte (?), a. Delirious; senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean gyte. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Gyve Gyve (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibbionn, Gael. geimheal.] A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter. [Written also give.] Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves. Shak. With gyves upon his wrist. Hood. Gyve Gyve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gyved (p. pr. & vb. n. Gyving.] To fetter; to shackle; to chain. Spenser. I will gyve thee in thine own courtship. Shak. H.